Smart Powerr Corp. - Quarter Report: 2016 June (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

  WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2016

OR

☐   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File No. 000-12536

China Recycling Energy Corporation

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

12/F, Tower A

Chang An International Building

No. 88 Nan Guan Zheng Jie

Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China

(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code: + 86-29-8765-1097

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  

Yes ☒   No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes ☒   No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ☐   No  ☒

The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock, as of August 10, 2016 was 8,310,198. 

INDEX

PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

CHINA RECYCLING ENERGY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

AS OF JUNE 30, 2016 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2015

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

CHINA RECYCLING ENERGY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(UNAUDITED)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

CHINA RECYCLING ENERGY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited consolidated financial statements.

CHINA RECYCLING ENERGY CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

JUNE 30, 2016 (UNAUDITED) AND DECEMBER 31, 2015

1. ORGANIZATION AND DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

China Recycling Energy Corporation (the “Company” or “CREG”) was incorporated on May 8, 1980 as Boulder Brewing Company under the laws of the State of Colorado. On September 6, 2001, the Company changed its state of incorporation to the State of Nevada. In 2004, the Company changed its name from Boulder Brewing Company to China Digital Wireless, Inc. and on March 8, 2007, again changed its name from China Digital Wireless, Inc. to its current name, China Recycling Energy Corporation. The Company, through its subsidiaries, provides energy saving solutions and services, including selling and leasing energy saving systems and equipment to customers, project investment, investment management, economic information consulting, technical services, financial leasing, purchase of financial leasing assets, disposal and repair of financial leasing assets, consulting and ensuring of financial leasing transactions in the Peoples Republic of China (“PRC”).

Erdos TCH – Joint Venture

On April 14, 2009, the Company formed a joint venture (the “JV”) with Erdos Metallurgy Co., Ltd. (“Erdos”) to recycle waste heat from Erdos’ metal refining plants to generate power and steam to be sold back to Erdos. The name of the JV was Inner Mongolia Erdos TCH Energy Saving Development Co., Ltd. with a term of 20 years. Total investment for the project was estimated at $79 million (RMB 500 million) with an initial investment of $17.55 million (RMB 120 million). Erdos contributed 7% of the total investment of the project, and Xi’an TCH Energy Technology Co., Ltd. (“Xi’an TCH”) contributed 93%. According to the parties’ agreement on profit distribution, Xi’an TCH and Erdos will receive 80% and 20%, respectively, of the profit from the JV until Xi’an TCH receives the complete return of its investment. Xi’an TCH and Erdos will then receive 60% and 40%, respectively, of the profit from the JV. On June 15, 2013, Xi’an TCH and Erdos entered into a share transfer agreement, pursuant to which Erdos transferred and sold its 7% ownership interest in the JV to Xi’an TCH for $1.29 million (RMB 8 million), plus certain accumulated profits as described below. Xi’an TCH paid the $1.29 million in July 2013 and, as a result, became the sole stockholder of the JV. In addition, Xi’an TCH paid Erdos accumulated profits from inception up to June 30, 2013 in accordance with a supplementary agreement entered on August 6, 2013.  In August 2013, Xi’an TCH paid 20% of the accumulated profit (calculated under PRC GAAP) of $226,000 to Erdos. The JV currently has two power generation systems in Phase I with a total of 18MW power capacity, and three power generation systems in Phase II with a total of 27MW power capacity. On April 28, 2016, Erdos TCH and Erdos entered a supplemental agreement, effective on May 1, 2016, Erdos TCH cancelled monthly minimum lease payments from Erdos, and charges Erdos based on actual electricity sold at RMB 0.30 / Kwh. The selling price of each Kwh will be determined annually based on market condition.

Pucheng Biomass Power Generation Projects

On June 29, 2010, Xi’an TCH entered into a Biomass Power Generation (“BMPG”) Project Lease Agreement with PuchengXinHeng Yuan Biomass Power Generation Co., Ltd. (“Pucheng”), a limited liability company incorporated in China. Under this lease agreement, Xi’an TCH leased a set of 12MW BMPG systems to Pucheng at a minimum of $279,400 (RMB 1,900,000) per month for a term of 15 years.

On September 11, 2013, Xi’an TCH entered into a BMPG Asset Transfer Agreement (the “Pucheng Transfer Agreement”) with Pucheng. The Pucheng Transfer Agreement provided for the sale by Pucheng to Xi’an TCH of a set of 12MW BMPG systems with completion of system transformation for a purchase price of RMB 100 million ($16.48 million) in the form of 8,766,547 shares of common stock of the Company at the price of $1.87 per share. These shares were issued to Pucheng on October 29, 2013. Also on September 11, 2013, Xi’an TCH entered into a BMPG Project Lease Agreement with Pucheng (the “Pucheng Lease”). Under the Pucheng Lease, Xi’an TCH leases this same set of 12MW BMPG system to Pucheng, and combined this lease with the lease for the 12MW BMPG station of Pucheng Phase I project, under a single lease to Pucheng for RMB 3.8 million ($0.63 million) per month (the “Pucheng Phase II Project”). The term for the combined lease is from September 2013 to June 2025. The lease agreement for the 12MW station from Pucheng Phase I project terminated upon the effective date of the Pucheng Lease. The ownership of two 12 MW BMPG systems will be transferred to Pucheng at no additional charge when the Pucheng Lease expires.

Shenqiu Yuneng Biomass Power Generation Projects

On May 25, 2011, Xi’an TCH entered into a Letter of Intent with ShenqiuYuNeng Thermal Power Co., Ltd. (“Shenqiu”) to reconstruct and transform a Thermal Power Generation System owned by Shenqiu into a 75T/H BMPG System for $3.57 million (RMB 22.5 million). The project commenced in June 2011 and was completed in the third quarter of 2011. On September 28, 2011, Xi’an TCH entered into a BMPG Asset Transfer Agreement with Shenqiu (the “Shenqiu Transfer Agreement”). Pursuant to the Shenqiu Transfer Agreement, Shenqiu sold Xi’an TCH a set of 12 MW BMPG systems (after Xi’an TCH converted the system for BMPG purposes). As consideration for the BMPG systems, Xi’an TCH agreed to pay Shenqiu $10,937,500 (RMB 70 million) in cash in three installments within six months upon the transfer of ownership of the systems. By the end of 2012, all of the consideration was paid. On September 28, 2011, Xi’an TCH and Shenqiu also entered into a BMPG Project Lease Agreement (the “2011 Shenqiu Lease”). Under the 2011 Shenqiu Lease, Xi’an TCH agreed to lease a set of 12MW BMPG systems to Shenqiu at a monthly rental rate of $286,000 (RMB 1,800,000) for 11 years. Upon expiration of the 2011 Shenqiu Lease, ownership of this system will be transferred from Xi’an TCH to Shenqiu at no additional cost. In connection with the 2011 Shenqiu Lease, Shenqiu paid one month’s rent as a security deposit to Xi’an TCH, in addition to providing personal guarantees. 

On October 8, 2012, Xi’an TCH entered into a Letter of Intent for technical reformation of Shenqiu Project Phase II with Shenqiu for technical reformation to enlarge the capacity of the Shenqiu Project Phase I (the “Shenqiu Phase II Project”). The technical reformation involved the construction of another 12MW BMPG system. After the reformation, the generation capacity of the power plant increased to 24MW. The project commenced on October 25, 2012 and was completed during the first quarter of 2013. The total cost of the project was $11.1 million (RMB 68 million). On March 30, 2013, Xi’an TCH and Shenqiu entered into a BMPG Project Lease Agreement (the “2013 Shenqiu Lease”). Under the 2013 Shenqiu Lease, Xi’an TCH agreed to lease the second set of 12MW BMPG systems to Shenqiu for $239,000 (RMB 1.5 million) per month for 9.5 years. When the 2013 Shenqiu Lease expires, ownership of this system will be transferred from Xi’an TCH to Shenqiu at no additional cost.

Shanxi Datong Coal Group Power Generation Projects

In February 2011, Xi’an TCH entered into an agreement with Shanxi Datong Coal Group Steel Co., Ltd. (“Shanxi Datong”) to recycle gas and steam from groups of blast-furnaces and converters at Shanxi Datong’s metal refining plants to generate power and pursuant to which Xi’an TCH agreed to install two 3MW Blast Furnace Power Recovery Turbine (the “BPRT”) systems and, one 15MW Waste Gas Power Generation (“WGPG”) system with a total of 21MW power capacity for an estimated total investment of $28.6 million (RMB 180 million). In June 2013, the two 3MW BPRT power generation systems were completed. The lease term is 30 years, during which time Shanxi Datong will pay a service fee to Xi’an TCH. The service fee was based on an average of 8,000 electricity-generating hours per year and $0.05 (RMB 0.33) per kilowatt hour (“kWh”) for the first five years from the completion of each power generation station. For each of the leases, at the 6th, 11th and 21st year anniversary of the date of the lease, the rates will change to RMB 0.3 kWh, 0.27 kWh and 0.25 kWh, respectively. In May 2012, Shanxi Datong and Tianjin Construction Materials Group (Holding) Co., Ltd. were restructured and renamed as Datong Coal Mine Tianjian Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. (“Datong”). On June 10, 2013, Xi’an TCH and Shanxi Datong entered into a supplemental agreement relating to the minimum service fee. The minimum service fee per month for the first five years was $0.19 million (RMB 1.2 million), $0.18 million (RMB 1.1 million) for the second five years, $0.16 million (RMB 1.0 million) for the following 10 years and $0.15 million (RMB 0.9 million) for the last 10 years. After 30 years, the units will be transferred to Datong at no additional charge. On May 26, 2015, the 15MW WGPG system was completed.

Due to the change of its strategic plan, Datong notified Xi’an TCH that it would not be able to fulfill its obligations under the Cooperative Agreement and requested to repurchase the two 3MW BPRT systems and one 15MW WGPG system (the “Systems”) from Xi’an TCH and terminate the Cooperative Agreement. On May 29, 2015, Xi’an TCH entered into a Repurchase Agreement for the Recycling Economy Project with Datong. Under the Repurchase Agreement, Datong agreed to repurchase the Systems from Xi’an TCH and pay outstanding energy saving service fees of RMB 1.2 million ($193,548) to Xi’an TCH within five business days from the execution of the Repurchase Agreement. The Systems were transferred to Datong for a total price of RMB 250 million ($40.32 million) with RMB 100 million for two BPRT systems and RMB 150 million for one WGPG system. As of June 30, 2015, Xi’an TCH received payment in full and the systems were transferred. The outstanding balance of net investment receivable at the date of transfer was $13.37 million. The Company recorded a $2.98 million gain from two BPRT systems as non-operating income and a $3.02 million gain from the WGPG system as gross profit from the sale.

Jitie Power Generation Projects

In May 2013, Xi’an TCH signed a contract with Sinosteel Jilin Ferroalloys Co., Ltd. (“Jitie”) to build furnace gas WHPG systems for electricity generation from recycled heat and steam from groups of ferroalloy furnaces and electric furnaces (the “Jitie Project”). According to the contract, Xi’an TCH installed a 7.5 MW and a 3 MW turbine power generation system with a total of 10.5 MW power capacity for an estimated total investment of $9.71 million (RMB 60 million). The lease term is 24 years. During the term of this lease, Jitie will pay a service fee to Xi’an TCH based on the actual generating capacity with a minimum service fee per month of $300,000 (RMB 1.8 million). Xi’an TCH is responsible for the systems operation and will own the power generation systems. In December 2013, the Jitie Project was completed and began operations. 

On June 18, 2015, Xi’an TCH entered into a WHPG system Repurchase Agreement with Jitie. Under the Repurchase Agreement, Jitie repurchased the Jitie Project from Xi’an TCH and paid outstanding energy saving service fees of RMB 1.8 million ($294,599) to Xi’an TCH within five business days from the execution of the Repurchase Agreement on June 18, 2015. The Jitie Project was transferred to Jitie for a total price of RMB 90 million ($14.73 million). In July 2015, Xi’an TCH received payment in full and the systems were transferred. The outstanding balance of net investment receivable on the date of the transfer was $13.10 million. The Company recorded a $1.62 million gain from this transaction.

Yida Coke Oven Gas Power Generation Projects

On June 28, 2014, Xi’an TCH entered into an Asset Transfer Agreement (the “Transfer Agreement”) with Qitaihe City BoliYida Coal Selection Co., Ltd. (“Yida”), a limited liability company incorporated in China. The Transfer Agreement provided for the sale to Xi’an TCH of a 15 MW coke oven gas power generation station, which had been converted from a 15 MW coal gangue power generation station from Yida. As consideration for the Transfer Asset, Xi’an TCH was to pay to Yida RMB 115 million ($18.69 million) in the form of the common stock shares of the Company at the average closing price per share of the Stock for the 10 trading days prior to the closing date of the transaction ($2.27 per share). The exchange rate between the US Dollar and Chinese RMB in connection with the stock issuance is the rate equal to the middle rate published by the People’s Bank of China on the closing date of the assets transfer. Accordingly, the Company issued 8,233,779 shares (the “Shares”) for the Yida 15 MW coke oven gas power generation station, the fair value of 8,233,779 shares was $14.49 million based on the stock price at agreement date ($1.76 per share), and was the cost of the power generation station.

On June 28, 2014, Xi’an TCH also entered into a Coke Oven Gas Power Generation Project Lease Agreement (the “Lease Agreement”) with Yida. Under the Lease Agreement, Xi’an TCH leased the Transfer Asset to Yida for RMB 3 million ($0.49 million) per month, and the term of the lease is from June 28, 2014 to June 27, 2029. Yida provided an RMB 3 million ($0.49 million) security deposit (without interest) for the lease. Xi’an TCH will transfer the Transfer Asset back to Yida at no cost at the end of the lease term.

On June 22, 2016, Xi’an TCH entered into a Coal Oven Gas Power Generation Project Repurchase Agreement (the “Repurchase Agreement”) with Yida. Under the Repurchase Agreement, Xi’an TCH agreed to transfer to Yida all the project assets for consideration of RMB 112,000,000 ($16.89 million) (the “Transfer Price”) with Yida’s retention of ownership of the Shares. Yida agreed to make the following payments: (i) the outstanding monthly leasing fees for April and May 2016 in total of RMB 6,000,000 ($0.90 million) to Xi’an TCH within 5 business days from the execution of the Repurchase Agreement; (ii) a payment of RMB 50,000,000 ($7.54 million) of the Transfer Price to Xi'an TCH within 5 business days from the execution of the Repurchase Agreement; and (iii) a payment of the remaining RMB 62,000,000 ($9.35 million) of the Transfer Price to Xi'an TCH within 15 business days from the execution of the Repurchase Agreement. Under the Repurchase Agreement, ownership of the project assets will be transferred from Xi'an TCH to Yida within 3 business days after Xi’an TCH receives the full Transfer Price and the outstanding monthly leasing fees. As of June 30, 2016, Xi’an TCH had received the outstanding monthly leasing fees for April and May 2016 in the amount of $0.90 million and the first payment of the Transfer Price in the amount of $7.54 million. On July 11, 2016, the Company received the second payment of the Transfer Price in the amount of $9.35 million. The Company recorded a $0.42 million loss from this transaction.

The Fund Management Company

On June 25, 2013, Xi’an TCH and HongyuanHuifu Venture Capital Co. Ltd. (“HongyuanHuifu”) jointly established Hongyuan Recycling Energy Investment Management Beijing Co., Ltd. (the “Fund Management Company”) with registered capital of RMB 10 million. Xi’an TCH made an initial capital contribution of RMB 4 million ($650,000) and has a 40% ownership interest in the Fund Management Company. With respect to the Fund Management Company, voting rights and dividend rights are allocated 80% and 20% between HongyuanHuifu and Xi’an TCH, respectively.

The Fund Management Company serves as the general partner of Beijing Hongyuan Recycling Energy Investment Center, LLP (the “HYREF Fund”), a limited liability partnership established on July 18, 2013 in Beijing. The Fund Management Company made an initial capital contribution of RMB 5 million ($830,000) to the HYREF Fund. An initial total amount of RMB 460 million ($75 million) has been fully subscribed by all partners for the HYREF Fund. The HYREF Fund has three limited partners: (1) China Orient Asset Management Co., Ltd., which made an initial capital contribution of RMB 280 million ($46.67 million) to the HYREF Fund and is a preferred limited partner; (2) HongyuanHuifu, which made an initial capital contribution of RMB 100 million ($16.67 million) to the HYREF Fund and is an ordinary limited partner; and (3) the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Xi’an TCH, which made an initial capital contribution of RMB 75 million ($12.5 million) to the HYREF Fund and is a secondary limited partner. The term of the HYREF Fund’s partnership is six years from the date of its establishment, expiring on July 18, 2019. The term is three years from the date of contribution for the preferred limited partner, or four years from the date of contribution for the ordinary limited partner. The total size of the HYREF Fund is RMB 460 million ($76.66 million). The HYREF Fund was formed for the purpose of investing in Xi’an Zhonghong New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., a 90% owned subsidiary of Xi’an TCH, for the construction of two coke dry quenching (“CDQ”) WHPG stations with Jiangsu Tianyu Energy and Chemical Group Co., Ltd. (“Tianyu”) and one CDQ WHPG station with Boxing County Chengli Gas Supply Co., Ltd. (“Chengli”).

Chengli Waste Heat Power Generation Projects

On July 19, 2013, Xi’an TCH formed a new company “Xi’an Zhonghong New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.” (“Zhonghong”) with registered capital of RMB 30 million ($4.85 million). Xi’an TCH paid RMB 27 million ($4.37 million) and owns 90% of Zhonghong. Zhonghong is engaged to provide energy saving solution and services, including constructing, selling and leasing energy saving systems and equipment to customers.

On July 24, 2013, Zhonghong entered into a Cooperative Agreement of CDQ and CDQ WHPG Project with Boxing County Chengli Gas Supply Co., Ltd. (“Chengli”). The parties entered into a supplement agreement on July 26, 2013. Pursuant to these agreements, Zhonghong will design, build and maintain a 25 MW CDQ system and a CDQ WHPG system to supply power to Chengli, and Chengli will pay energy saving fees (the “Chengli Project”). Chengli will contract the operation of the system to a third party contractor that is mutually agreed to by Zhonghong. In addition, Chengli will provide the land for the CDQ system and CDQ WHPG system at no cost to Zhonghong. The term of the Agreements is for 20 years. The first 800 million watt hours generated by the Chengli Project will be charged at RMB 0.42 ($0.068) per kilowatt hour (excluding tax); thereafter, the energy saving fee will be RMB 0.20 ($0.036) per kilowatt hour (excluding tax). The operating time shall be based upon an average 8,000 hours annually. If the operating time is less than 8,000 hours per year due to a reason attributable to Chengli, then time charged shall be 8,000 hours a year, and if it is less than 8,000 hours due to a reason attributable to Zhonghong, then it shall be charged at actual operating hours. The construction of the Chengli Project was completed in the second quarter of 2015 and the project is currently under commissioning tests which the Company expects to complete by the fourth quarter of 2016. When operations begin, Chengli shall ensure its coking production line works properly and that working hours for the CDQ system are at least 8,000 hours per year, and Zhonghong shall ensure that working hours and the CDQ WHPG system will be at least 7,200 hours per year. 

On July 22, 2013, Zhonghong entered into an Engineering, Procurement and Construction (“EPC”) General Contractor Agreement for the Boxing County Chengli Gas Supply Co., Ltd. CDQ Power Generation Project (the “Huaxin Project”) with Xi’an Huaxin New Energy Co., Ltd. (“Huaxin”). Zhonghong, as the owner of the Huaxin Project, contracted EPC services for a CDQ system and a 25 MW CDQ WHPG system for Chengli to Huaxin. Huaxin shall provide construction, equipment procurement, transportation, installation and adjustment, test run, construction engineering management and other necessary services to complete the Huaxin Project and ensure the CDQ system and CDQ WHPG system for Chengli meet the inspection and acceptance requirements and work normally. The Huaxin Project is a turn-key project where Huaxin is responsible for monitoring the quality, safety, duration and cost of the project. The total contract price is RMB 200 million ($33.34 million), which includes all the materials, equipment, labor, transportation, electricity, water, waste disposal, machinery and safety costs.

Tianyu Waste Heat Power Generation Project

On July 19, 2013, Zhonghong entered into a Cooperative Agreement (the “Tianyu Agreement”) for Energy Management of CDQ and CDQ WHPG Project with Jiangsu Tianyu Energy and Chemical Group Co., Ltd. (“Tianyu”). Pursuant to the Tianyu Agreement, Zhonghong will design, build, operate and maintain two sets of 25 MW CDQ systems and CDQ WHPG systems for two subsidiaries of Tianyu – Xuzhou Tian’an Chemical Co., Ltd. (“Xuzhou Tian’an”) and Xuzhou Huayu Coking Co., Ltd (“Xuzhou Huayu”) – to be located at Xuzhou Tian’an and Xuzhou Huayu’s respective locations (the “Tianyu Project”). Upon completion of the Tianyu Project, Zhonghong will charge Tianyu an energy saving service fee of RMB 0.534 ($0.087) per kilowatt hour (excluding tax). The operating time will be based upon an average 8,000 hours annually for each of Xuzhou Tian'an and Xuzhou Huayu. If the operating time is less than 8,000 hours per year due to a reason attributable to Tianyu, then time charged will be 8,000 hours a year. The term of the Tianyu Agreement is 20 years. The construction of the Xuzhou Tian’an Project is anticipated to be completed around the end of 2016. Xuzhou Tian’an will provide the land for the CDQ and CDQ WHPG systems for free. Xuzhou Tian’an also guarantees that it will purchase all of the power generated by the CDQ WHPG systems. The Xuzhou Huayu Project is currently on hold due to a conflict between Xuzhou Huayu Coking Co., Ltd and local residents on certain pollution-related issues. Xuzhou Huayu Coking Co., Ltd is working actively to resolve the conflict, and we will resume construction as soon as the possible; however, if the conflict cannot be resolved, either Xuzhou Huayu Coking Co., Ltd or the local residents will be forced to relocate. A relocation of Xuzhou Huayu Coking Co., Ltd would likely impact the Xuzhou Huayu Project.

On July 22, 2013, Zhonghong entered into an EPC General Contractor Agreement for the Tianyu Project with Xi’an Huaxin New Energy Co., Ltd. (“Huaxin”). Zhonghong, as the owner of the Tianyu Project, contracted EPC services for two CDQ systems and two 25 MW CDQ WHPG systems for Tianyu to Huaxin. Huaxin shall provide construction, equipment procurement, transportation, installation and adjustment, test run, construction engineering management and other necessary services to complete the Tianyu Project and ensure the CDQ and CDQ WHPG systems for Tianyu meet the inspection and acceptance requirements and work normally. The Tianyu Project is a turn-key project where Huaxin is responsible for monitoring the quality, safety, duration and cost of the project. The total contract price is RMB 400 million ($66.68 million), which includes all the materials, equipment, labor, transportation, electricity, water, waste disposal, machinery and safety costs.

Zhongtai Waste Heat Power Generation Energy Management Cooperative Agreement

On December 6, 2013, Xi’an entered into a CDQ and WHPG Energy Management Cooperative Agreement (the “Zhongtai Agreement”) with Xuzhou Zhongtai Energy Technology Co., Ltd. (“Zhongtai”), a limited liability company incorporated in Jiangsu Province, China.

Pursuant to the Zhongtai Agreement, Xi’an TCH will design, build and maintain a 150 ton per hour CDQ system and a 25 MW CDQ WHPG system and sell the power to Zhongtai, and Xi’an TCH will also build a furnace to generate steam from the waste heat of the smoke pipeline and sell the steam to Zhongtai.

The construction period of the Project is expected to be 18 months from the date when conditions are ready for construction to begin. Zhongtai will start to pay an energy saving service fee from the date when the WHPG station passes the required 72-hour test run. The payment term is 20 years. For the first 10 years, Zhongtai shall pay an energy saving service fee at RMB 0.534 ($0.089) per kilowatt hour (including value added tax) for the power generated from the system. For the second 10 years, Zhongtai shall pay an energy saving service fee at RMB 0.402 ($0.067) per kilowatt hour (including value added tax). During the term of the contract the energy saving service fee shall be adjusted at the same percentage as the change of local grid electricity price. Zhongtai shall also pay an energy saving service fee for the steam supplied by Xi’an TCH at RMB 100 ($16.67) per ton (including value added tax). Zhongtai and its parent company will provide guarantees to ensure Zhongtai will fulfill its obligations under the Agreement. Upon the completion of the term, Xi’an TCH will transfer the systems to Zhongtai at RMB 1 ($0.16). Zhongtai shall provide waste heat to the systems for no less than 8,000 hours per year and waste gas volume no less than 150,000 Nm3 per hour with a temperature no less than 950°C. If these requirements are not met, the term of the Agreement will be extended accordingly. If Zhongtai wants to terminate the Zhongtai Agreement early, it shall provide Xi’an TCH a 60 day notice and pay the termination fee and compensation for the damages to Xi’an TCH according to the following formula: (1) if it is less than five years into the term when Zhongtai requests termination, Zhongtai shall pay: Xi’an TCH’s total investment amount plus Xi’an TCH’s annual investment return times five years minus the years in which the system has already operated); or 2) if it is more than five years into the term when Zhongtai requests the termination, Zhongtai shall pay: Xi’an TCH’s total investment amount minus total amortization cost (the amortization period is 10 years). 

In March 2016, Xi’an TCH entered into a Transfer Agreement of CDQ and a CDQ WHPG system with Zhongtai and Xi’an Huaxin (the “Transfer Agreement”). Under the Transfer Agreement, Xi’an TCH agreed to transfer to Zhongtai all of the assets associated with the CDQ Waste Heat Power Generation Project (the “Project”), which is under construction pursuant to the Zhongtai Agreement. Xi’an Huaxin will continue to construct and complete the Project and Xi’an TCH agreed to transfer all its rights and obligation under the “EPC” Contract to Zhongtai. As consideration for the transfer of the Project, Zhongtai agreed to pay to Xi’an TCH an aggregate transfer price of RMB 167,360,000 ($25.77 million) including payments of: (i) RMB 152,360,000 ($23.46 million) for the construction of the Project; and (ii) RMB 15,000,000 ($2.31 million) as payment for partial loan interest accrued during the construction period. Those amounts have been, or will be, paid by Zhongtai to Xi’an TCH according to the following schedule: (a) RMB 50,000,000 ($7.70 million) was paid within 20 business days after the Transfer Agreement was signed; (b) RMB 30,000,000 ($4.62 million) will be paid within 20 business days after the Project is completed, but no later than July 30, 2016; and (c) RMB 87,360,000 ($13.45 million) will be paid no later than July 30, 2017. Xuzhou Taifa Special Steel Technology Co., Ltd. (“Xuzhou Taifa”) has guaranteed the payments from Zhongtai to Xi’an TCH. The ownership of the Project was conditionally transferred to Zhongtai following the initial payment of RMB 50,000,000 ($7.70 million) by Zhongtai to Xi’an TCH and the full ownership of the Project will be officially transferred to Zhongtai after it completes all payments pursuant to the Transfer Agreement. As of June 30, 2016, Xi’an TCH had received the first payment of $7.70 million. As of the date of this report, the Company has not yet received the second payment of $4.62. The Company recorded a $2.82 million loss from this transaction. 

Rongfeng CDQ Power Generation Energy Management Cooperative Agreement

On December 12, 2013, Xi’an TCH entered into a CDQ Power Generation Energy Management Cooperative Agreement with Tangshan Rongfeng Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. (the “Rongfeng Agreement”), a limited liability company incorporated in Hebei Province, China.

Pursuant to the Rongfeng Agreement, Xi’an TCH will design, build and maintain a CDQ and a CDQ WHPG system and sell the power to Rongfeng. The construction period of the Project is expected to be 18 months after the Agreement takes effect and from the date when conditions are ready for construction to begin.

Rongfeng will start to pay an energy saving service fee from the date when the WHPG station passes the required 72-hour test run. The payment term is 20 years. For the first 10 years, Rongfeng shall pay an energy saving service fee at RMB 0.582 ($0.095) per kilowatt hour (including tax) for the power generated from the system. For the second 10 years, Rongfeng shall pay an energy saving service fee at RMB 0.432 ($0.071) per kWh (including tax). During the term of the contract the energy saving service fee shall be adjusted at the same percentage as the change of local grid electricity price. Rongfeng and its parent company will provide guarantees to ensure Rongfeng will fulfill its obligations under the Rongfeng Agreement. Upon the completion of the term, Xi’an TCH will transfer the systems to Rongfeng at RMB 1. Rongfeng shall provide waste heat to the systems for no less than 8,000 hours per year with a temperature no less than 950°C. If these requirements are not met, the term of the Agreement will be extended accordingly. If Rongfeng wants to terminate the Agreement early, it shall provide Xi’an TCH a 60 day notice and pay the termination fee and compensation for the damages to Xi’an TCH according to the following formula: 1) if it is less than five years (including five years) into the term when Rongfeng requests termination, Rongfeng shall pay: Xi’an TCH’s total investment amount plus Xi’an TCH’s average annual investment return times (five years minus the years of which the system has already operated); 2) if it is more than five years into the term when Rongfeng requests the termination, Rongfeng shall pay: Xi’an TCH’s total investment amount minus total amortization cost (the amortization period is 10 years).

On November 16, 2015, Xi’an TCH entered into a Transfer Agreement of CDQ and a CDQ WHPG system with Rongfeng and Xi’an Huaxin New Energy Co., Ltd., a limited liability company incorporated in China (“Xi’an Huaxin”). The Transfer Agreement provided for the sale to Rongfeng of the CDQ Waste Heat Power Generation Project (the "Project") from Xi’an TCH. Additionally, Xi’an TCH would transfer to Rongfeng the Engineering, Procurement and Construction (“EPC”) Contract for the CDQ Waste Heat Power Generation Project which Xi’an TCH had entered into with Xi’an Huaxin in connection with the Project. As consideration for the transfer of the Project, Rongfeng is to pay to Xi’an TCH an aggregate purchase price of RMB 165,200, 000 ($25.45 million), whereby (a) RMB 65,200,000 ($10.05 million) was to be paid by Rongfeng to Xi’an TCH within 20 business days after signing the Transfer Agreement, (b) RMB 50,000,000 ($7.70 million) is to be paid by Rongfeng to Xi’an TCH within 20 business days after the Project is completed, but no later than March 31, 2016 and (c) RMB 50,000,000 ($7.70 million) will be paid by Rongfeng to Xi’an TCH no later than September 30, 2016. Mr. Cheng Li, the largest stockholder of Rongfeng, has personally guaranteed the payments. The ownership of the Project was conditionally transferred to Rongfeng within 3 business days following the initial payment of RMB 65,200,000 ($10.05 million) by Rongfeng to Xi’an TCH and the full ownership of the Project will be officially transferred to Rongfeng after it completes the entire payment pursuant to the Transfer Agreement. As of December 31, 2015, Xi’an TCH had received the first payment of $10.05 million, and on April 6, 2016, the second payment of $7.70 million was received. The Company recorded a $3.78 million loss from this transaction in 2015. 

Baoliyuan CDQ Power Generation Energy Management Cooperative Agreement

On March 26, 2014, Xi’an TCH entered into a CDQ Waste Heat Recycling Project Energy Management Cooperative Agreement with Tangshan Baoliyuan Coking Co., Ltd. (“Baoliyuan”), a limited liability company incorporated in Hebei Province, China.

Pursuant to the Agreement, Xi’an TCH agreed to design, build and maintain a CDQ and a CDQ WHPG system and sell the power to Baoliyuan (the “CDQ Project”) and Xi’an TCH will also build a high scale waste water treatment system for Baoliyuan and charge monthly payments for two years (the “Waste Water Treatment Project”).

Baoliyuan agreed to pay an energy saving fee from the date when the WHPG station passed the required 72-hour test run. The payment term was twenty years and Baoliyuan agreed to pay an energy saving fee at RMB 0.7 ($0.114) per kilowatt hour (including tax) for the power generated from the system, from which Xi’an TCH shall take 92.86% and Baoliyuan was to take 7.14% as parties to share the energy saving benefits. During the term of the contract the energy saving fee was to be adjusted at the same percentage as the change of local grid electricity price. Baoliyuan was to provide guarantees to ensure it would fulfill its obligations under the Agreement. Upon the completion of the term, Xi’an TCH was to transfer the systems to Baoliyuan at RMB 1.

Baoliyuan was to provide waste heat to the systems for no less than 8,000 hours per year and coking production was to reach 80% of its capacity. If these requirements were not met, the energy saving fee was to be calculated according to such hours and capacity.

Baoliyuan could terminate the Agreement prior to the end of the term by providing Xi’an TCH with 60 days' notice and upon the payment of the termination fee and compensation for the damages to Xi’an TCH according to the following formula: 1) if it was less than five years (including five years) into the term when Baoliyuan requested termination, Baoliyuan was to pay Xi’an TCH’s total investment amount plus Xi’an TCH’s average annual investment return times (five years minus the years of which the system had already operated); 2) if it was more than five years into the term when Baoliyuan requested the termination, Baoliyuan was to pay Xi’an TCH’s total investment amount minus total amortization cost (the amortization period is twenty years).

From the first month of the completion of Waste Water Treatment Project, Baoliyuan was to pay a fixed monthly fee for the waste water treatment system at RMB 1.05 million per month ($171,010) for the first 12 months and RMB 940,000 per month ($153,094) for the next 12 months.

The Baoliyuan project was cancelled in May 2015 because the project required blasting and leveling of a mountain and Baoliyuan could not obtain all the necessary permits for the construction from the local government due to environmental concerns of the government.

Formation of Zhongxun

On March 24, 2014, Xi’an TCH incorporated a new subsidiary, Zhongxun Energy Investment (Beijing) Co., Ltd (“Zhongxun”) with registered capital of $5,695,502 (RMB 35,000,000). Zhongxun is 100% owned by Xi’an TCH and is mainly engaged in project investment, investment management, economic information consulting, and technical services.

Formation of Yinghua

On February 11, 2015, the Company incorporated a new subsidiary, Shanghai Yinghua Financial Leasing Co., Ltd (“Yinghua”) with registered capital of $30,000,000, to be paid within two years from the date the business license is issued. Yinghua is 100% owned by the Company and is mainly engaged in financial leasing, purchase of financial leasing assets, disposal and repair of financial leasing assets, consulting and ensuring of financial leasing transactions, and related factoring business.

Summary of Sales-Type Lease at June 30, 2016

Status at June 30, 2016

As of June 30, 2016, Xi’an TCH leases the following systems: (i) BMPG systems to Pucheng Phase I and II (15 and 11 year terms, respectively); (ii) BMPG systems to Shenqiu Phase I (11-year term); and (iii) Shenqiu Phase II (9.5-year term). In addition, as of June 30, 2016, Erdos TCH leased power and steam generating systems from waste heat from metal refining to Erdos (five systems) for a term of 20 years.

Asset Repurchase Agreement

During the year ended December 31, 2015 and the period ended June 30, 2016, the Company entered into the following Asset Repurchase Agreements: 

On May 29, 2015, Xi’an TCH entered into a Repurchase Agreement for the Recycling Economy Project with Datong. Under the Repurchase Agreement, Datong agreed to repurchase the two 3MW Blast Furnace Power Recovery Turbine (the “BPRT”) systems and one 15MW WGPG system (the “Systems”) from Xi’an TCH and pay outstanding energy saving service fees of RMB 1.2 million ($193,548) to Xi’an TCH within five business days from the execution of the Repurchase Agreement. The Systems would be transferred to Datong for a total price of RMB 250 million ($40.32 million) with RMB 100 million for two BPRT systems and RMB 150 million ($24.54 million) for one WGPG system. Datong paid the repurchase price to Xi’an TCH and, as of June 30, 2015, the systems were transferred. The outstanding balance of net investment receivable on the date of transfer was $13.37 million. The Company recorded a $2.98 million gain from two BPRT systems as non-operating income and a $3.02 million gain from the WGPG system as gross profit from the sale.

On June 18, 2015, Xi’an TCH entered into a WHPG system Repurchase Agreement with Jitie. Under the Repurchase Agreement, Jitie agreed to repurchase the Jitie Project from Xi’an TCH and pay outstanding energy saving service fees of RMB 1.8 million ($294,599) to Xi’an TCH within five business days from the execution of the Repurchase Agreement on June 18, 2015. The Jitie Project would be transferred to Jitie for a total price of RMB 90 million ($14.73 million), and Jitie agreed to pay RMB 45 million within five business days from the execution of the Repurchase Agreement and pay another RMB 45 million within 15 business days from the execution of the Repurchase Agreement. As of June 30, 2015, Xi’an TCH received payment in full and the systems were transferred. The outstanding balance of net investment receivable at date of transfer was $13.10 million. The Company recorded a $1.62 million gain from this transaction. 

On November 16, 2015, Xi’an TCH entered into a Transfer Agreement of CDQ and a CDQ WHPG system with Rongfeng and Xi’an Huaxin New Energy Co., Ltd., a limited liability company incorporated in China (“Xi’an Huaxin”). The Transfer Agreement provided for the sale to Rongfeng of the CDQ Waste Heat Power Generation Project (the "Project") from Xi’an TCH. Additionally, Xi’an TCH agreed to transfer to Rongfeng the Engineering, Procurement and Construction (“EPC”) Contract for the CDQ Waste Heat Power Generation Project which Xi’an TCH had entered into with Xi’an Huaxin in connection with the Project. As consideration for the transfer of the Project, Rongfeng will pay to Xi’an TCH an aggregate purchase price of RMB 165,200, 000 ($25.45 million), whereby (a) RMB 65,200,000 ($10.05 million) will be paid by Rongfeng to Xi’an TCH within 20 business days after the Transfer Agreement is signed, (b) RMB 50,000,000 ($7.70 million) will be paid by Rongfeng to Xi’an TCH within 20 business days after the Project is completed, but no later than March 31, 2016 and (c) RMB 50,000,000 ($7.70 million) will be paid by Rongfeng to Xi’an TCH no later than September 30, 2016. Mr. Cheng Li, the largest stockholder of Rongfeng, has personally guaranteed the payments. The ownership of the Project was conditionally transferred to Rongfeng within 3 business days following the initial payment of RMB 65,200,000 ($10.05 million) by Rongfeng to Xi’an TCH and the full ownership of the Project will be officially transferred to Rongfeng after it completes the entire payment pursuant to the Transfer Agreement. As of June 30, 2016, Xi’an TCH received the first payment of $10.05 million and the second payment of $7.70 million. The Company recorded a $3.78 million loss from this transaction. 

In March 2016, Xi’an TCH entered into a Transfer Agreement of CDQ and a CDQ WHPG system with Zhongtai and Xi’an Huaxin (the “Transfer Agreement”). Under the Transfer Agreement, Xi’an TCH agreed to transfer to Zhongtai all of the assets associated with the CDQ Waste Heat Power Generation Project (the “Project”), which is under construction pursuant to the Zhongtai Agreement. Xi’an Huaxin will continue to construct and complete the Project and Xi’an TCH agreed to transfer all its rights and obligation under the “EPC” Contract to Zhongtai. As consideration for the transfer of the Project, Zhongtai agreed to pay to Xi’an TCH an aggregate transfer price of RMB 167,360,000 ($25.77 million) including payments of: (i) RMB 152,360,000 ($23.46 million) for the construction of the Project; and (ii) RMB 15,000,000 ($2.31 million) as payment for partial loan interest accrued during the construction period. Those amounts have been, or will be, paid by Zhongtai to Xi’an TCH according to the following schedule: (a) RMB 50,000,000 ($7.70 million) was paid within 20 business days after the Transfer Agreement was signed; (b) RMB 30,000,000 ($4.62 million) will be paid within 20 business days after the Project is completed, but no later than July 30, 2016; and (c) RMB 87,360,000 ($13.45 million) will be paid no later than July 30, 2017. Xuzhou Taifa Special Steel Technology Co., Ltd. (“Xuzhou Taifa”) has guaranteed the payments from Zhongtai to Xi’an TCH. The ownership of the Project was conditionally transferred to Zhongtai following the initial payment of RMB 50,000,000 ($7.70 million) by Zhongtai to Xi’an TCH and the full ownership of the Project will be officially transferred to Zhongtai after it completes all payments pursuant to the Transfer Agreement. As of June 30, 2016, Xi’an TCH had received the first payment of $7.70 million. As of this report date, the Company has not yet received the second payment of $4.62 million. The Company recorded a $2.82 million loss from this transaction. 

 On June 22 2016, Xi’an TCH entered into a Coal Oven Gas Power Generation Project Repurchase Agreement (the “Repurchase Agreement”) with Yida. Under the Repurchase Agreement, Xi’an TCH agreed to transfer to Yida all the project assets for consideration of RMB 112,000,000 ($16.89 million) (the “Transfer Price”) with Yida’s retention of ownership of the Shares. Yida agreed to make the following payments: (i) the outstanding monthly leasing fees for April and May 2016 in total of RMB 6,000,000 ($0.90 million) to Xi’an TCH within 5 business days from the execution of the Repurchase Agreement; (ii) a payment of RMB 50,000,000 ($7.54 million) of the Transfer Price to Xi'an TCH within 5 business days from the execution of the Repurchase Agreement; and (iii) a payment of the remaining RMB 62,000,000 ($9.35 million) of the Transfer Price to Xi'an TCH within 15 business days from the execution of the Repurchase Agreement. Under the Repurchase Agreement, ownership of the project assets will be transferred from Xi'an TCH to Yida within 3 business days after Xi’an TCH receives the full Transfer Price and the outstanding monthly leasing fees. As of June 30, 2016, Xi’an TCH had received the outstanding monthly leasing fees for April and May 2016 in the amount of $0.90 million and the first payment of the Transfer Price in the amount of $7.54 million. On July 11, 2016, the Company received the second payment of the Transfer Price in the amount of $9.35 million. The Company recorded a $0.42 million loss from this transaction.

Reverse Stock Split

On May 24, 2016, the Company filed a Certificate of Change with the Secretary of State of Nevada with an effective date of May 25, 2016 (the “Effective Date”), at which time a 1-for-10 reverse stock split of the Company’s authorized shares of common stock, par value $0.001 (the “Common Stock”), accompanied by a corresponding decrease in the Company’s issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock (the “Reverse Stock Split”), shall be effected.

The Company has rounded up to the next full share of the Company’s Common Stock any fractional shares resulting from the Reverse Stock Split. The reverse stock split was retroactively stated for the periods covered by the financial statements included herein.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The unaudited financial statements included herein were prepared by the Company, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The information furnished herein reflects all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals and adjustments) that are, in the opinion of management, necessary to fairly present the operating results for the respective periods. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally present in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”) were omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and footnotes included in the Company’s 2015 audited financial statements included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K. The results for the six months ended June 30, 2016 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full year ending December 31, 2016.

Basis of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CREG and its subsidiaries, Shanghai Yinghua Financial Leasing Co., Ltd. (“Yinghua”) and Sifang Holdings, its wholly owned subsidiaries, Huahong New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. (“Huahong”) and Shanghai TCH, Shanghai TCH’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Xi’an TCH Energy Tech Co., Ltd. (“Xi’an TCH”) and Xi’an TCH’s subsidiaries, Erdos TCH Energy Saving Development Co., Ltd (“Erdos TCH”), 100% owned by Xi’an TCH (See note 1), Zhonghong, 90% owned by Xi’an TCH, and Zhongxun, 100% owned by Xi’an TCH.  Substantially all of the Company’s revenues are derived from the operations of Shanghai TCH and its subsidiaries, which represent substantially all of the Company’s consolidated assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions were eliminated in consolidation. 

Use of Estimates

In preparing these consolidated financial statements in accordance with US GAAP, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the balance sheets as well as revenues and expenses during the period reported. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Revenue Recognition

Sales-type Leasing and Related Revenue Recognition

The Company constructs and leases waste energy recycling power generating projects to its customers. The Company typically transfers ownership of the waste energy recycling power generating projects to its customers at the end of the lease. The investment in these projects is recorded as investment in sales-type leases in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 840, “Leases,” and its various amendments and interpretations. The Company finances construction of waste energy recycling power generating projects. The sales and cost of sales are recognized at the inception of the lease. The investment in sales-type leases consists of the sum of the minimum lease payments receivable less unearned interest income and estimated executory cost. Minimum lease payments are part of the lease agreement between the Company (as the lessor) and the customer (as the lessee). The discount rate implicit in the lease is used to calculate the present value of minimum lease payments. The minimum lease payments consist of the gross lease payments net of executory costs and contingent rentals, if any. Unearned interest income is amortized to income over the lease term to produce a constant periodic rate of return on net investment in the lease. While revenue is recognized at the inception of the lease, the cash flow from the sales-type lease occurs over the course of the lease, which results in interest income and reduction of receivables. Revenue is recognized net of sales tax.

Contingent Rental Income

The Company records income from actual electricity usage in addition to minimum lease payments of each project as contingent rental income in the period contingent rental income is earned.  Contingent rent is not part of minimum lease payments.

Cash and Equivalents

Cash and equivalents includes cash on hand, demand deposits placed with banks or other financial institutions and all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less as of the purchase date of such investments.

Accounts Receivable

As of June 30, 2016, the Company had accounts receivable of $34,588,008 (mainly from sale of CDQ and a CDQ WHPG system to Rongfeng, sale of CDQ and a CDQ WHPG system to Zhongtai, and sale of a WGPG system to Yida). As of December 31, 2015, the Company had accounts receivable of $15,399,778 (mainly from sale of CDQ and a CDQ WHPG system to Rongfeng), respectively. 

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred; additions, renewals and betterments are capitalized. When property and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are removed from the respective accounts, and any gain or loss is included in operations. Depreciation of property and equipment is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated lives as follows:

Impairment of Long-lived Assets

In accordance with FASB ASC Topic 360, “Property, Plant, and Equipment,” the Company reviews its long-lived assets, including property and equipment, for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amounts of the assets may not be fully recoverable. If the total expected undiscounted future net cash flows is less than the carrying amount of the asset, a loss is recognized for the difference between the fair value and carrying amount of the asset. There was no impairment as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

Notes Payable – Banker's Acceptances

The Company endorses banker's acceptances that are issued from a bank to vendors as payment for its obligations.  Most of the banker's acceptances have maturity dates of less than six months following their issuance. 

Cost of Sales

Cost of sales consists primarily of the direct material of the power generating system and expenses incurred directly for project construction for sales-type leasing and sales tax and additions for contingent rental income.

Noncontrolling Interests

The Company follows FASB ASC Topic 810, “Consolidation,” which established new standards governing the accounting for and reporting of noncontrolling interests (“NCIs”) in partially owned consolidated subsidiaries and the loss of control of subsidiaries. Certain provisions of this standard indicate, among other things, that NCIs (previously referred to as minority interests) be treated as a separate component of equity, not as a liability (as was previously the case), that increases and decreases in the parent’s ownership interest that leave control intact be treated as equity transactions rather than as step acquisitions or dilution gains or losses, and that losses of a partially-owned consolidated subsidiary be allocated to NCIs even when such allocation might result in a deficit balance.

The net income (loss) attributed to NCIs was separately designated in the accompanying statements of income and comprehensive income (loss). Losses attributable to NCIs in a subsidiary may exceed an NCI’s interests in the subsidiary’s equity. The excess attributable to NCIs is attributed to those interests. NCIs shall continue to be attributed their share of losses even if that attribution results in a deficit NCI balance.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

For certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash and equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, other receivables, accounts payable, accrued liabilities and short-term debts, the carrying amounts approximate their fair values due to their short maturities. Receivables on sales-type leases are based on interest rates implicit in the lease.

FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” requires disclosure of the fair value (“FV”) of financial instruments held by the Company. FASB ASC Topic 825, “Financial Instruments,” defines FV, and establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosures of FV measurement that enhances disclosure requirements for FV measures. The carrying amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets for receivables and current liabilities each qualify as financial instruments and are a reasonable estimate of their FV because of the short period of time between the origination of such instruments and their expected realization and their current market rate of interest. The three levels of valuation hierarchy are defined as follows:

The Company analyzes all financial instruments with features of both liabilities and equity under ASC 480, “Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity,” and ASC 815, “Derivatives and Hedging.”

The following are the considerations with respect to disclosures of FV of long-term debt obligations:

As of June 30, 2016, the Company’s long-term debt obligations consisted of the Zhonghong entrusted loan of $57.61 million. As of December 31, 2015, the Company’s long-term debt obligations consisted of the following: (i) various long-term bank loans and Zhongrong International Trust Co., Ltd. (“ZRIT”) trust loan payable of $18.19 million, and (ii) Zhonghong entrusted loan of $58.83 million.

FV measurements and approximations for certain financial instruments are based on what a reporting entity would likely have to pay to transfer the financial obligation to an entity with a comparable credit rating. The Company’s bank loans and trust loans payable are privately held (i.e., nonpublic) debt; therefore, pricing inputs are not observable. For this reason, the Company classified bank loans and trust loans payable as a Level 3 FV measurement in the valuation hierarchy.

For the Company’s long-term bank loans, ZRIT trust loan and Zhonghong entrusted loans noted above, the Company believes the carrying amounts approximate their FV. Based on the Company’s understanding of the credit markets, the Company’s business is in a sector (energy-saving green) that is supported by the PRC government and the lending bank, the Company believes it could have obtained similar loans on similar terms and interest rates. In addition, in connection with the FV measurement, the Company considered nonperformance risk (including credit risk) relating to the debt obligations, including the following: (i) the Company is considered a low credit risk customer to the lending bank and its creditors; (ii) the Company has a good history of making timely payments and have never defaulted on any loans; and (iii) the Company has a stable and continuous cash inflow from collections from its sales-type lease of energy saving projects. 

As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company did not identify any assets or liabilities that are required to be presented on the balance sheet at FV.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718 “Compensation—Stock Compensation,” and FASB ASC Topic 505, “Equity.” The Company recognizes in its statement of operations FV at the grant date for stock options and other equity-based compensation issued to employees and non-employees.

Basic and Diluted Earnings per Share

The Company presents net income (loss) per share (“EPS”) in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 260, “Earning Per Share.”  Accordingly, basic income (loss) per share is computed by dividing income (loss) available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding, without consideration for common stock equivalents. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing the net income by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding as well as common share equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury-stock method for stock options and warrants and the if-converted method for convertible notes.  The Company made an accounting policy election to use the if-converted method for convertible securities that are eligible to receive common stock dividends, if declared.  Diluted EPS reflect the potential dilution that could occur based on the exercise of stock options or warrants or conversion of convertible securities using the if-converted method.

The following table presents a reconciliation of basic and diluted EPS for the six and three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015: 

Foreign Currency Translation and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The Company’s functional currency is the Renminbi (“RMB”). For financial reporting purposes, RMB were translated into United States Dollars (“USD” or “$”) as the reporting currency. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average rate of exchange prevailing during the reporting period. Translation adjustments arising from the use of different exchange rates from period to period are included as a component of stockholders’ equity as “Accumulated other comprehensive income.” Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions are included in income. There was no significant fluctuation in the exchange rate for the conversion of RMB to USD after the balance sheet date.

The Company uses FASB ASC Topic 220, “Comprehensive Income.” Comprehensive income is comprised of net income and all changes to the statements of stockholders’ equity, except those due to investments by stockholders, changes in paid-in capital and distributions to stockholders.

Segment Reporting

FASB ASC Topic 280, “Segment Reporting,” requires use of the “management approach” model for segment reporting. The management approach model is based on the way a company’s management organizes segments within the company for making operating decisions and assessing performance. Reportable segments are based on products and services, geography, legal structure, management structure, or any other manner in which management disaggregates a company. FASB ASC Topic 280 has no effect on the Company’s financial statements as substantially all of the Company’s operations are conducted in one industry segment. All of the Company’s assets are located in the PRC. 

New Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). The guidance in ASU 2016-02 supersedes the lease recognition requirements in ASC Topic 840, Leases (FAS 13). ASU 2016-02 requires an entity to recognize assets and liabilities arising from a lease for both financing and operating leases, along with additional qualitative and quantitative disclosures. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the effect this standard will have on its Consolidated Financial Statements. 

Other recent accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB, including its Emerging Issues Task Force, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, and the SEC did not or are not believed by management to have a material impact on the Company’s present or future consolidated financial statements.

3. RESTRICTED CASH

Restricted cash is held by the banks as collateral to issue bank acceptances and bank loans. The Company endorses bank acceptances to vendors as payment of its obligations.  Most of the bank acceptances have maturities of less than six months. As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company had restricted cash of $0.54 million and $1.13 million.

4. INVESTMENT IN SALES-TYPE LEASES, NET

Under sales-type leases, Xi’an TCH leases the following systems: (i) BMPG systems to Pucheng Phase I and II (15 and 11 year terms, respectively); (ii) BMPG systems to Shenqiu Phase I (11-year term); and (iii) Shenqiu Phase II (9.5-year term). In addition, as of June 30, 2016, Erdos TCH leased power and steam generating systems from waste heat from metal refining to Erdos (five systems) for a term of twenty years. The components of the net investment in sales-type leases as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015 are as follows:

As of June 30, 2016, the future minimum rentals to be received on non-cancelable sales-type leases by years are as follows:

5. PREPAID EXPENSES

Prepaid expenses mainly consisted of prepayment for office rental and decorations, taxes, and consulting fees for the Company’s HYREF fund completed in July 2013. Before the HYREF Fund released the money to Zhonghong, Xi'an TCH paid 2% of the funds raised for Zhonghong, i.e. RMB 9.2 million ($1.5 million) to the Fund Management Company as a consulting fee and it shall pay such 2% on the amount of funds actually contributed as an annual management fee on every 365-day anniversary thereafter until Zhonghong fully repays the loan, and the HYREF Fund no longer has an ownership interest in Zhonghong. The Company had $0.12 million and $0.83 million prepaid consulting expense as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. The Company had $0.24 million and $0.30 million prepaid tax as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015.

6. OTHER RECEIVABLES

As of June 30, 2016, other receivables mainly consisted of (i) advance to third parties of $0.15 million, bearing no interest, payable upon demand; (ii) advances to employees of $0.04 million, bearing no interest, payable upon demand; and (iii) maintenance cost and tax receivable of $0.48 million. As of December 31, 2015, other receivables mainly consisted of advance to third party of $0.05 million, bearing no interest, payable upon demand; advance to employees of $0.04 million, bearing no interest, payable upon demand; and maintenance cost and tax receivable of $0.47 million. 

7. LONG TERM INVESTMENT

On June 25, 2013, Xi’an TCH with HongyuanHuifu Venture Capital Co. Ltd (“HongyuanHuifu”) jointly established Hongyuan Recycling Energy Investment Management Beijing Co., Ltd (the “Fund Management Company”) with registered capital of RMB 10 million ($1.6 million), to manage a fund that will be used for financing CDQ WHPG projects. Xi’an TCH made an initial capital contribution of RMB 4 million ($0.65 million) and has a 40% ownership interest in the Fund Management Company. Voting rights and dividend rights are allocated between HongyuanHuifu and Xi'an TCH at 80% and 20%, respectively. The Company accounted for this investment using the equity method. The Company recorded $105,975 and $52,956 equity based investment income during the six and three months ended June 30, 2016; however, it was eliminated with the financial fee of Zhonghong for the Statement of Income as 100% of Fund Management Company’s revenue is from Zhonghong’s financial fee and Zhonghong is 91.7% owned by Xi’an TCH (see Note 12). Xi’an TCH paid a $1.6 million one-time commission (recorded as other expense) to the Fund Management Company during 2013 for initiating and completing the Fund financing for the Company. 

On July 18, 2013, the HYREF Fund was established as a limited liability partnership in Beijing. Pursuant to the Partnership Agreement, the HYREF Fund has a general partner, the Fund Management Company, which made an initial capital contribution of RMB 5 million ($0.83 million) to the HYREF Fund. The HYREF Fund has three limited partners: (1) China Orient Asset Management Co., Ltd., which made an initial capital contribution of RMB 280 million ($46.67 million) and is a preferred limited partner, (2) HongyuanHuifu, which made an initial capital contribution of RMB 100 million ($16.67 million) and is an ordinary limited partner and (3) the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Xian TCH, which made an initial capital contribution of RMB 75 million ($12.5 million) and is a secondary limited partner. The term of the HYREF Fund’s partnership is six years from the date of its establishment, July 18, 2013. The term for the preferred limited partner is three years from the date of its contribution and for the ordinary limited partner is four years from the date of its contribution. Unless otherwise approved by the general partner (the Fund Management Company), upon the expiration of their respective terms, each partner shall exit from the partnership automatically. The total size of the HYREF Fund is RMB 460 million ($75.0 million), and the purpose of the HYREF Fund is to invest in Zhonghong for constructing 3 new CDQ WHPG projects. Xi’an TCH owns 16.3% of the HYREF Fund. The Company accounted for this investment using the cost method. The Company netted off the investment of RMB 75 million ($12.2 million) by Xi’an TCH with the entrusted loan payable of the HYREF Fund by Xi’an TCH.

8. CONSTRUCTION IN PROGRESS

Construction in progress was for constructing power generation systems.  As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the Company’s construction in progress included:

As of June 30, 2016, the Company was committed to pay an additional (1) $7.54 million for Xuzhou Huayu project, (2) $9.05 million for Xuzhou Tian’an project, and (3) $5.44 million for Boxing County Chengli project.

9. TAXES PAYABLE

Taxes payable consisted of the following as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015:

10. ACCRUED LIABILITIES AND OTHER PAYABLES

Accrued liabilities and other payables consisted of the following as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015:

As of June 30, 2016, Other mainly included $0.45 million payable to Yida, which was the security deposit the Company received from Yida in June 2014 as part of a system lease. The $0.45 million will be used to offset the final payment the Company will receive from Yida for Yida’s repurchase of the Coal Oven Gas Power Generation Project.

11. DEFERRED TAX LIABILITY, NET

Deferred tax asset resulted from accrued employee social insurance that can be deducted for tax purposes in the future, and the difference between tax and accounting basis of cost of fixed assets which was capitalized for tax purposes and expensed as part of cost of systems in accordance with US GAAP. Deferred tax liability arose from the difference between tax and accounting basis of net investment in sales-type leases.

As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, deferred tax liability consisted of the following:

12. LOANS PAYABLE

Entrusted Loan Payable

The HYREF Fund (Beijing Hongyuan Recycling Energy Investment Center, LLP) established in July 2013 with total fund size of RMB 460 million ($75.0 million) invests in Xi’an Zhonghong for Zhonghong’s three new CDQ WHPG projects. The HYREF Fund invested RMB 3 million ($0.5 million) as an equity investment and RMB 457 million ($74.5 million) as a debt investment in Xi’an Zhonghong; in return for such investments, the HYREF Fund will receive an interest payment from Zhonghong for the HYREF Fund’s debt investment. The RMB 457 million ($74.5 million) was released to Zhonghong through an entrusted bank, which is also the supervising bank for the use of the loan. The loan was deposited to a bank account at the Supervising Bank (the Industrial Bank Xi’an Branch) and is jointly supervised by Zhonghong and the Fund Management Company. Project spending shall be verified by the Fund Management Company to confirm that it is in accordance with the project schedule before the funds are released. All the operating accounts of Zhonghong have been opened with the branches of the Supervising Bank and the Supervising Bank has the right to monitor all bank accounts opened by Zhonghong. The entrusted bank will charge 0.1% of loan amount as service fee and will not take any lending risk. The loan was collateralized by the accounts receivable and the fixed assets of Shenqiu Phase I and II power generation systems, the accounts receivable and fixed assets of Zhonghong’s three CDQ WHPG systems, and a 27 million RMB capital contribution made by Xi’an TCH. Repayment of the loan (principal and interest) was also jointly and severally guaranteed by Xi’an TCH and the Chairman and CEO of the Company. In the fourth quarter of 2015, three power stations of Erdos TCH were pledged to Industrial Bank as an additional guarantee for the loan lent to Zhonghong’s three CDQ WHPG systems.

The loan agreement provides that Zhonghong shall also maintain a certain capital level in its account with the Supervising Bank to make sure it has sufficient funds to make interest payments when they are due:

The term of this loan is for 60 months from July 31, 2013 to July 30, 2018. On August 6, 2016, Zhonghong shall repay principal in the amount of RMB 280 million ($42.22 million); on August 6, 2017, it shall repay principal of RMB 100 million ($16.27 million) and on July 30, 2018, it shall repay the remainder of RMB 77 million ($12.52 million). The interest rate is 12.5% per year. During the term, Zhonghong shall maintain a minimal funding level and capital level in its designated account with the Supervising Bank to make sure it has sufficient funds to make principal payments when they are due. Notwithstanding the requirement, there is a verbal agreement from the HYREF Fund that for the purpose of the efficient utilization of working capital, Zhonghong does not have to maintain a minimum funding level in its designated account with the Supervising Bank. As of June 30, 2016, the entrusted loan payable had an outstanding balance of $68.92 million, of which, $11.31 million was from the investment of Xi’an TCH; accordingly, the Company netted off the loan payable of $11.31 million with the long-term investment to the HYREF Fund made by Xi’an TCH. For the six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company recorded interest expense of $2.36 million on this loan and capitalized $2.06 million interest to construction in progress. For the six months ended June 30, 2015, the Company recorded interest expense of $258,740 and on this loan and capitalized $4.42 million interest to construction in progress.  As of the date of this report, the Company paid RMB 50 million ($7.54 million) of the RMB 280 million ($42.22 million), and on August 5, 2016, the Company entered a supplemental agreement with the lender to extend the due date of the remaining RMB 230 million ($34.68 million) of the original RMB 280 million ($45.54 million) to August 6, 2017.

Bank Loan – Bank of Xi’an

On June 26, 2015, Xi’an TCH entered into a loan agreement with Bank of Xi’an, whereby Bank of Xi’an agreed to loan $6.29 million (RMB 40 million) to Xi’an TCH for one year with maturity on June 25, 2016. The monthly interest rate of the loan is 0.595%. Under the terms of the loan, Xi’an TCH is required to make monthly interest payments and the principal is to be repaid at maturity. The loan is guaranteed by a third party guarantee company and the Chairman and CEO of the Company. The Company paid a third party $149,341 (RMB 950,000) as a re-guarantee service fee. As of June 30, 2016, this loan was paid in full.

Bank Loan – Bank of Chongqing

On April 11, 2014, Xi’an TCH entered into a loan agreement with Bank of Chongqing - Xi’an Branch, whereby Bank of Chongqing agreed to loan $8.13 million (RMB 50 million) to Xi’an TCH for three years with maturity on April 10, 2017. The annual interest rate of the loan is 9.225%. Under the terms of the loan, Xi’an TCH was required to make monthly interest payments and, to make a principal payment of $0.81 million (RMB 5 million) on the 24^th month after receiving the loan and of the remaining $7.32 million (RMB 45 million) on the loan maturity date. The loan was guaranteed by a third party guarantee company and the Chairman and CEO of the Company. The company paid a third party $155,280 (RMB 950,000) as a re-guarantee service fee. In addition, Xi’an TCH pledged its collection right for Tangshan Rongfeng and Xuzhou Zhongtai projects to Bank of Chongqing after the two projects were completed and put into operation, to ensure the repayment of loan. As of June 30, 2016, this loan had an outstanding balance of $1.43 million and was classified as a current liability.

Trust Loan - Zhongrong International Trust - Xuzhou Zhongtai and Tangshan Rongfeng

On February 17, 2014, Xi’an TCH entered into a trust loan agreement with Zhongrong International Trust Co., Ltd (“ZRIT”), for Xi’an TCH to borrow RMB 150 million ($24.5 million) for the CDQ system and the CDQ WHPG Project with Xuzhou Zhongtai Energy Technology Co., Ltd. (the “Zhongtai Project”). ZRIT set up a Zhongrong-Green Recycling Energy Collective Capital Trust Plan No. 1 (the “Trust Plan No. 1”) to raise money and loan the proceeds to Xi’an TCH for the Zhongtai Project (the “Zhongtai Loan”). The Zhongtai Loan was secured by the pledge of CDQ equipment and power generation system of the Zhongtai Project, by personal guarantee of the Chairman and CEO of the Company, and by a corporate guarantee of Xuzhou Zhongtai Energy Technology Co., Ltd. and its affiliated companies. As of June 30, 2016, this loan was paid in full.

On February 17, 2014, Xi’an TCH entered into another trust loan agreement with ZRIT, for Xi’an TCH to borrow RMB 135 million ($22.1 million) for the CDQ system and the CDQ WHPG Project with Tangshan Rongfeng Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. (the “Rongfeng Project”). ZRIT will set up a Zhongrong-Green Recycling Energy Collective Capital Trust Plan No. 2 (the “Trust Plan No. 2”) to raise money and loan the proceeds to Xi’an TCH for the Rongfeng Project (the “Rongfeng Loan”). The Rongfeng Loan is secured by the pledge of CDQ equipment and power generation system of the Rongfeng Project, by a personal guarantee of the Chairman and CEO of the Company, and by a corporate guarantee of Tangshan Rongfeng Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. and its parent company. On December 21, 2015, Xi’an TCH paid in full the loan for the Rongfeng Project upon the transfer of the CDQ and a CDQ WHPG system to Rongfeng. 

Summary

As of June 30, 2016, the future minimum repayment of all the loans including the entrusted loan to be made by years is as follows:

13.  LONG TERM PAYABLE – FINANCING AGREEMENT FOR SALE LEASE-BACK TRANSACTION

On June 28, 2011, Xi’an TCH entered into a Financing Agreement (the “Cinda Agreement”) with Cinda Financial, an affiliate of China Cinda (HK) Asset Management Co., Ltd, a company organized under the laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China (“Cinda HK”).

Under the Cinda Agreement, Xi’an TCH transferred its ownership of (i) a set of 7MW steam turbine WHPG systems and (ii) four furnaces and ancillary apparatus ((i) and (ii) collectively, the “Assets”) to Cinda Financial for $6.72 million (RMB 42.50 million), and Cinda Financial leased the Assets to Xi’an TCH for five years for $8.15 million (RMB 51.54 million) based on the transfer cost and benchmark interest rate for five year loans by People’s Bank of China (“PBOC”) (then 6.65%) plus 15% of that rate (7.6475%). The interest rate will increase if the five-year benchmark interest rate of PBOC increases but will remain the same if the benchmark rate decreases in the future. Xi’an TCH shall make pro rata quarterly payments to Cinda Financial for the leasing fees. Upon the completion of the lease term and full payment of all leasing fees and other fees, Xi’an TCH exercised its option to pay $676 (RMB 4,250) to acquire the Assets from Cinda Financial. The quarterly minimum leasing payment to Cinda Financial is $412,855 (RMB 2.59 million).

In addition to the leasing fees and payment to acquire the Assets, Xi’an TCH prepaid a one-time non-refundable leasing service charge of $405,696 (RMB 2.55 million) and a refundable security deposit of $338,079 (RMB 2.13 million) to Cinda Financial. The prepaid leasing service fee is to be: amortized over five years. For the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, $0 was amortized, respectively. In accordance with ASC 840-10-25-4, because we retain substantially all of the benefits and risks relating to the property, this transaction was a financing and was recorded as such.

As of December 31, 2014, the prepaid leasing service fee was fully amortized as a result of the Early Repayment Agreement entered by Xi’an TCH and Cinda Financial on December 22, 2014. Under the Repayment Agreement, Xi’an TCH paid the principal and interest in the amount of RMB 2.55 million ($0.42 million) in the first quarter of 2015 as well as the remaining principal of RMB 12.14 million ($1.97 million) before March 28, 2015 (the “Total Repayment Price”). Cinda Financial returned the deposit of RMB 2,125,000 ($0.35 million) to Xi’an TCH within three days after Xi’an TCH paid the Total Repayment Price. Upon the effective date of the Repayment Agreement, the Financial Leasing Agreement was terminated. The Company made repayment in full during the first quarter of 2015.

14. REFUNDABLE DEPOSIT FROM CUSTOMERS FOR SYSTEMS LEASING

The refundable deposit was mainly for Pucheng, Shenqiu and Yida systems. As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, the balance of refundable deposit from customers for systems leasing was $1,070,696 for Pucheng and Shengqiu systems, and $1,555,378 for Pucheng, Shenqiu and Yida systems, respectively. In the second quarter of 2016, the Company reclassified the refundable deposit for Yida system to current liability, and will use the deposit to offset the final payment of repurchase price from Yida for repurchasing Coal Oven Gas Power Generation Project.

15. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

On March 1, 2014, Xi’an TCH entered a loan agreement with a major stockholder and the Company's Chairman and CEO, pursuant to which the Chairman and CEO of the Company will loan the Company, from time to time, up to RMB 80 million ($13 million) for the Company’s operating needs. The loans bear no interest, have a one-year term, and the Company can repay the principal in installments. As of June 30, 2016, the Company had borrowed $0 from the Chairman and CEO of the Company, but had $44,328 in advances from the Company’s management, which bear no interest, and are payable upon demand. As of December 31, 2015, the Company had borrowed $0 from the Chairman and CEO of the Company, but had $44,059 in advances from the Company’s management, which bear no interest, and are payable upon demand.

During the six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company recognized RMB 14.64 million ($2.21 million) interest income for the sales-type lease of Pucheng BMPG systems from Pucheng Xin Heng Yuan Biomass Power Generation Corporation, whose major stockholder became a stockholder of CREG through the issuance of the Company’s common stock to this stockholder in consideration for the transfer of the old system to CREG for BMPG system transformation. 

During the six months ended June 30, 2016, the Company recognized RMB 13.83 million ($2.09 million) interest income for the sales-type lease of Yida WGPG system from Qitaihe City Boli Yida Coal Selection Co., Ltd., whose major stockholder became a stockholder of CREG through the issuance of the Company’s common stock to this stockholder in consideration for the transfer of the old system to CREG for WGPG system transformation.

16. NONCONTROLLING INTEREST

On July 15, 2013, Xi’an TCH and HYREF Fund jointly established Xi’an Zhonghong New Energy Technology (“Zhonghong”) with registered capital of RMB 30 million ($4.88 million), to manage new projects. Xi’an TCH paid RMB 27 million ($4.37 million). Xi'an TCH owns 90% of Zhonghong while HYREF Fund owns 10% of Zhonghong as non-controlling interest of Zhonghong.

In addition, the HYREF Fund was 16.3% owned by Xi’an TCH and 1.1% owned by the Fund Management Company, and the Fund Management Company was 40% owned by Xi’an TCH as described in Note 7, which resulted in an additional indirect ownership of Xi’an TCH in Zhonghong of 1.7%; accordingly, the ultimate non-controlling interest (HYREF Fund) in Zhonghong became 8.3%. During the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company had losses of $147,205 and $16,117 that were attributable to the noncontrolling interest, respectively. During the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the Company had losses of $95,925 and $7,779 that were attributable to noncontrolling interest, respectively.

17. INCOME TAX

The Company’s Chinese subsidiaries are governed by the Income Tax Law of the PRC concerning privately-run enterprises, which are generally subject to tax at 25% on income reported in the statutory financial statements after appropriate tax adjustments.  Under the Chinese tax law, the tax treatment of finance and sales-type leases is similar to US GAAP.  However, the local tax bureau continues to treat CREG sales-type leases as operating leases. Accordingly, the Company recorded deferred income taxes.

The Company’s subsidiaries generate all of their net income from their PRC operations. Shanghai TCH’s effective income tax rate for 2016 and 2015 was 25%. During 2013, Xi’an TCH was re-approved for high tech enterprise status and enjoyed 15% preferential income tax rate for three years effective January 1, 2013 through December 31, 2015, and is subject to 25% income tax rate in 2016 unless the renewal of preferential income tax rate is approved by the tax authority. Huahong, Zhonghong and Erdos TCH’s effective income tax rate for 2016 and 2015 was 25%. Shanghai TCH, Xi’an TCH, Huahong, Zhonghong and Erdos TCH file separate income tax returns.

There is no income tax for companies domiciled in the Cayman Islands. Accordingly, the Company’s consolidated financial statements do not present any income tax provisions related to Cayman Islands tax jurisdiction where Sifang Holding is domiciled.

The US parent company, China Recycling Energy Corporation, is taxed in the US and, as of June 30, 2016, had net operating loss (“NOL”) carry forwards for income taxes of $14.70 million, which may be available to reduce future years’ taxable income as NOLs can be carried forward up to 20 years from the year the loss is incurred. Our management believes the realization of benefits from these losses may be uncertain due to the US parent company’s continuing operating losses. Accordingly, a 100% deferred tax asset valuation allowance was provided.

The following table reconciles the US statutory rates to the Company’s effective tax rate for the six and three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively:

The provision for income taxes expense for the six and three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 consisted of the following:

18. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLAN

Options to Employees 

The Company recorded no compensation expense for stock options to employees during each of the six and three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015.

On June 19, 2015, the stockholders of the Company approved the China Recycling Energy Corporation Omnibus Equity Plan (the “Equity Plan”) at its annual meeting. The total aggregate shares of common stock authorized for issuance during the term of the Equity Plan is limited to 12,462,605 shares. The Equity Plan was effective immediately upon the adoption by our Board of Directors on April 24, 2015, subject to stockholder approval, and will terminate on the earliest to occur of (i) the 10th anniversary of the Equity Plan's effective date, or (ii) the date on which all shares available for issuance under the Equity Plan shall have been issued as fully-vested shares. No share or option grants have been made to employees under the Equity Plan as of June 30, 2016.

Options to Independent Directors

On March 31, 2015, the Board appointed Mr. Cangsang Huang as a member of the Company’s Board of Directors to fill a vacancy. Mr. Huang will serve until his successor has been duly elected and qualified. In connection with the appointment, the Board authorized the Company to provide Mr. Huang with (i) compensation in the amount of $2,000 per month and (ii) the grant of an option to purchase 40,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock, par value $0.001, at an exercise price equal of $1.02 per share, which was equal to the closing price per share of the Company's Common Stock on March 31, 2015. Such options were only valid and exercisable upon stockholder approval. The options to Mr. Huang were not voted upon at the Company’s annual stockholder’s meeting on June 19, 2015 and were cancelled automatically. However, the Company’s Omnibus Equity Plan (“Plan”) adopted by the Board on April 24, 2015 for providing equity awards to employees, directors and consultants was approved at the annual stockholder’s meeting; accordingly, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors approved a grant of 40,000 options to Mr. Huang at an exercise price of $1.02 per share under the Plan which vested immediately on the date of grant, which was on October 10, 2015. The options may be exercised within five years of the date of the grant.

The following table summarizes option activity with respect to the independent directors, the number of options reflected 10:1 reverse split effective on May 25, 2016:

20. CONTINGENCIES

The Company’s operations in the PRC are subject to specific considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America and Western Europe. These include risks associated with, among others, the political, economic and legal environments and foreign currency exchange. The Company’s results may be adversely affected by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion and remittance abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.

The Company’s sales, purchases and expense transactions are denominated in RMB and all of the Company’s assets and liabilities are also denominated in RMB. The RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currencies under the current law. In China, foreign exchange transactions are required by law to be transacted only by authorized financial institutions. Remittances in currencies other than RMB may require certain supporting documentation in order to make the remittance.

The Company sells electricity to its customers and receives commercial notes (bank acceptance) from them in lieu of payments for accounts receivable. The Company discounts the commercial notes with the bank or endorses the commercial notes to vendors for payment of their own obligations or to get cash from third parties. Most of the commercial notes have a maturity of less than six (6) months. As of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, Xi’an TCH had outstanding notes receivable of $0. 

21. COMMITMENTS

Lease Commitment

On March 4, 2014, Xi’an TCH’s office lease expired and Xi’an TCH renewed this lease for an additional two years; the monthly rental payment is $20,140. The lease for the office in Xi’an was renewed for an additional two years starting on March 5, 2016 with a monthly rental payment of $21,804 but payable quarterly in advance. In addition, on September 16, 2013, Xi’an TCH leased an office in Beijing for a term of two-years and three-months, expiring on December 31, 2015, with a monthly rental payment of $12,110. The lease for the office in Beijing was not renewed at expiration. For the six months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the rental expense of Xi’an TCH was $126,384 and $200,017, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015, the rental expense of Xi’an TCH was $69,658 and $100,223, respectively.

Future minimum annual rental payments required under operating leases as of June 30, 2016 were as below (by year):

Construction Commitment

Refer to Note 1 for additional details related to lease commitments with Chengli, Tianyu (and its subsidiaries Xuzhou Tian’an and Xuzhou Huayu), and Zhongtai and Note 8 for commitments on construction in progress. 

22. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

The Company has evaluated subsequent events that occurred subsequent to June 30, 2016, and through the date the consolidated financial statements were issued as of the date of the report. Management has concluded that no subsequent events required disclosure in these financial statements.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

 This quarterly report on Form 10-Q and other reports filed by the Company from time to time with the SEC (collectively the “Filings”) contain or may contain forward-looking statements and information that are based upon beliefs of, and information currently available to, Company’s management as well as estimates and assumptions made by Company’s management. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which are only predictions and speak only as of the date hereof. When used in the filings, the words “may”, “will”, “should”, “would”, “anticipate”, “believe”, “estimate”, “expect”, “future”, “intend”, “plan”, or the negative of these terms and similar expressions as they relate to Company or Company’s management identify forward-looking statements. Such statements reflect the current view of Company with respect to future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties, assumptions, and other factors (including the statements in the section “results of operations” below), and any businesses that Company may acquire. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should the underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may differ significantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended, or planned. Factors that might cause or contribute to such a discrepancy include, but are not limited to, those listed under the heading “Risk Factors” and those listed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2015 (the “2015 Form 10-K”). The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our Financial Statements and related Notes thereto included elsewhere in this report and in our 2015 Form 10-K.

Although the Company believes the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, the Company cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, the Company does not intend to update any of the forward-looking statements to conform these statements to actual results. Readers are urged to carefully review and consider the various disclosures made throughout the entirety of this report, which attempts to advise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

Our financial statements are prepared in US Dollars and in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. See “Foreign Currency Translation and Comprehensive Income (Loss)” below for information concerning the exchange rates at which Renminbi (“RMB”) were translated into US Dollars (“USD”) at various pertinent dates and for pertinent periods.

OVERVIEW OF BUSINESS BACKGROUND

China Recycling Energy Corporation (the “Company” or “CREG”) was incorporated on May 8, 1980 as Boulder Brewing Company under the laws of the State of Colorado. On September 6, 2001, the Company changed its state of incorporation to the State of Nevada. In 2004, the Company changed its name from Boulder Brewing Company to China Digital Wireless, Inc. and on March 8, 2007, the Company again changed its name from China Digital Wireless, Inc. to its current name, China Recycling Energy Corporation. The Company, through its subsidiaries, sells and leases energy saving systems and equipment to its customers, in the People’s Republic of China (“PRC”). Typically, the Company transfers ownership of the waste energy recycling power generating projects to its customers at the end of each sales-type lease and finances its customers for the cost of the projects as described below.

Our Subsidiaries

Our business is primarily conducted through our wholly-owned subsidiary, Sifang Holdings and Shanghai Yinghua Financial Leasing Co., Ltd (“Yinghua”); its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Huahong New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. (“Huahong”) and Shanghai TCH; Shanghai TCH’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, Xi’an TCH Energy Technology Company, Ltd (“Xi’an TCH”), Xi’an TCH’s wholly-owned subsidiary Erdos TCH Energy Saving Development Co., Ltd (“Erdos TCH”) and Zhongxun Energy Investment (Beijing) Co., Ltd (“Zhongxun”); and Xi’an TCH’s 90% owned subsidiary Xi’an Zhonghong New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. Zhonghong is engaged to provide energy saving solutions and services, including constructing, selling and leasing energy saving systems and equipment to customers, project investment, investment management, economic information consulting, technical services, financial leasing, purchase of financial leasing assets, disposal and repair of financial leasing assets, consulting and ensuring of financial leasing transactions.  

The Company’s organizational chart is as follows:

CREG Legal

Structure

Shanghai TCH and its Subsidiaries

Shanghai TCH was established as a foreign investment enterprise in Shanghai under the laws of the PRC on May 25, 2004 and has a registered capital of $29.80 million. Xi’an TCH was incorporated in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province under the laws of the PRC on November 8, 2007. In February 2009, Huahong was incorporated in Xi’an, Shaanxi province. Erdos TCH was incorporated in April 2009 in Erdos, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. On July 19, 2013, Xi’an TCH formed a new company called Xi’an Zhonghong New Energy Technology Co., Ltd (“Zhonghong”). Xi’an TCH owns 90% of Zhonghong, which provides energy saving solutions and services, including constructing, selling and leasing energy saving systems and equipment to customers.

As of June 30, 2016, Shanghai TCH, through its subsidiaries, had sales or sales-type leases with the following parties: (i) Erdos (for five recycling waste heat power generating systems); (ii) Pucheng (for two biomass power generation (“BMPG”) systems); and (iii) Shenqiu (for two BMPG systems).

The Fund Management Company and the HYREF Fund

On June 25, 2013, Xi’an TCH and Hongyuan Huifu Venture Capital Co. Ltd (“Hongyuan Huifu”) jointly established Hongyuan Recycling Energy Investment Management Beijing Co., Ltd (the “Fund Management Company”) with registered capital of RMB 10 million. Xi’an TCH made an initial capital contribution of RMB 4 million ($650,000) and has a 40% ownership interest in the Fund Management Company. With respect to the Fund Management Company, voting rights and dividend rights are allocated 80% and 20% between Hongyuan Huifu and Xi’an TCH, respectively.

The Fund Management Company serves as the general partner of Beijing Hongyuan Recycling Energy Investment Center, LLP (the “HYREF Fund”), a limited liability partnership established on July 18, 2013 in Beijing. The Fund Management Company made an initial capital contribution of RMB 5 million ($830,000) to the HYREF Fund. An initial total amount of RMB 460 million ($75 million) has been fully subscribed by all partners for the HYREF Fund. The HYREF Fund has three limited partners: (1) China Orient Asset Management Co., Ltd., which made an initial capital contribution of RMB 280 million ($46.67 million) to the HYREF Fund and is a preferred limited partner; (2) Hongyuan Huifu, which made an initial capital contribution of RMB 100 million ($16.67 million) to the HYREF Fund and is an ordinary limited partner; and (3) the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Xi’an TCH, which made an initial capital contribution of RMB 75 million ($12.5 million) to the HYREF Fund and is a secondary limited partner. The term of the HYREF Fund’s partnership is six years from the date of its establishment, expiring on July 18, 2019. The term is three years from the date of contribution for the preferred limited partner, or four years from the date of contribution for the ordinary limited partner. The total size of the HYREF Fund is RMB 460 million ($75 million). The HYREF Fund was formed for the purpose of investing in Xi’an Zhonghong New Energy Technology Co., Ltd., a 90% owned subsidiary of Xi’an TCH, for the construction of two coke dry quenching (“CDQ”) waste heat power generation (“WHPG”) stations with Jiangsu Tianyu Energy and Chemical Group Co., Ltd. (“Tianyu”) and one CDQ WHPG station with Boxing County Chengli Gas Supply Co., Ltd. (“Chengli”). 

Erdos TCH – Joint Venture

On April 14, 2009, the Company formed Erdos TCH as a joint venture (the “JV”) with Erdos Metallurgy Co., Ltd. (“Erdos”) to recycle waste heat from Erdos’ metal refining plants to generate power and steam to be sold back to Erdos. The JV has a term of 20 years with a total investment for the project estimated at $79 million (RMB 500 million) and an initial investment of $17.55 million (RMB 120 million). Erdos contributed 7% of the total investment for the project, and Xi’an TCH contributed 93%. According to Xi’an TCH and Erdos’ agreement on profit distribution, Xi’an TCH and Erdos will receive 80% and 20%, respectively, of the profit from the JV until Xi’an TCH receives the complete return of its investment. Xi’an TCH and Erdos will then receive 60% and 40%, respectively, of the profit from the JV. On June 15, 2013, Xi’an TCH and Erdos entered into a share transfer agreement, pursuant to which Erdos transferred and sold its 7% ownership interest in the JV to Xi’an TCH for $1.29 million (RMB 8 million), plus certain accumulated profits as described below. Xi’an TCH paid the $1.29 million in July 2013 and, as a result, became the sole stockholder of the JV. In addition, Xi’an TCH is required to pay Erdos accumulated profits from inception up to June 30, 2013 in accordance with the supplementary agreement entered on August 6, 2013. In August 2013, Xi’an TCH paid 20% of the accumulated profit (calculated under PRC GAAP) of $226,000 to Erdos. The JV currently has two power generation systems in Phase I with a total of 18MW power capacity, and three power generation systems in Phase II with a total of 27MW power capacity.

With the current economic conditions in China, the government limited and reduced production in the iron and steel industry, which has resulted in a sharp decrease of Erdos Metallurgy Co., Ltd’s production of ferrosilicon, its revenue and cash flows, and has made it difficult for Erdos to make the monthly minimum lease payment.

After considering the challenging economic conditions facing Erdos, and in order to maintain the long-term cooperative relationship between the parties, which we believe will continue to produce long-term benefits, on April 28, 2016, Erdos TCH and Erdos entered a supplemental agreement, effective on May 1, 2016. Under the supplemental agreement, Erdos TCH cancelled monthly minimum lease payments from Erdos, and agreed to charge Erdos based on actual electricity sold at RMB 0.30 / Kwh, which such price will be adjusted annually based on market condition.

Shanxi Datong Coal Group Power Generation Projects

In February 2011, Xi’an TCH entered into an agreement with Shanxi Datong Coal Group Steel Co., Ltd (“Shanxi Datong”) to recycle gas and steam from groups of blast-furnaces and converters at Shanxi Datong’s metal refining plants to generate power and pursuant to which Xi’an TCH agreed to install two 3MW BPRT systems, and one 15MW WGPG system with a total of 21MW power capacity for an estimated total investment of $28.6 million (RMB 180 million). In June 2013, the two 3MW BPRT power generation systems were completed. The lease term is 30 years, during which time Shanxi Datong will pay a service fee to Xi’an TCH. The service fee is based on an average of 8,000 electricity-generating hours per year and $0.05 (RMB 0.33) per kilowatt hour (“kWh”) for the first five years from the completion of each power generation station. For each of the leases, at the 6th, 11th and 21st year anniversary of the date of the lease, the rates will change to RMB 0.3 kWh, 0.27 kWh and 0.25 kWh, respectively. In May 2012, Shanxi Datong and Tianjin Construction Materials Group (Holding) Co., Ltd. were restructured and renamed as Datong Coal Mine Tianjian Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. (the “Datong”). On June 10, 2013, Xi’an TCH and Datong entered into a supplemental agreement relating to the minimum service fee. The minimum service fee per month for the first five years is $0.19 million (RMB 1.2 million), $0.18 million (RMB 1.1 million) for the second five years, $0.16 million (RMB 1.0 million) for the following 10 years and $0.15 million (RMB 0.9 million) for the last 10 years. After 30 years, the units will be transferred to Datong at no additional charge. On May 26, 2015, the 15MW WGPG system was completed.

Due to the change of its strategic plan, Datong notified Xi’an TCH that it would not be able to fulfill its obligations under the Cooperative Agreement and requested to repurchase the two 3MW Blast Furnace Power Recovery Turbine (the “BPRT”) systems and one 15MW WGPG system (the “Systems”) from Xi’an TCH and terminate the Cooperative Agreement. On May 29, 2015, Xi’an TCH entered into a Repurchase Agreement for the Recycling Economy Project with Datong. Under the Repurchase Agreement, Datong was to repurchase the Systems from Xi’an TCH and pay outstanding energy saving service fees of RMB 1.2 million ($193,548) to Xi’an TCH within five business days from the execution of the Repurchase Agreement. The Systems were to be transferred to Datong for a total price of RMB 250 million ($40.32 million) with RMB 100 million for two BPRT systems and RMB 150 million for one WGPG system. As of June 30, 2015, Xi’an TCH had received the payment in full and the systems were transferred. The outstanding balance of net investment receivable (the remaining principal amount) at date of transfer was $13.37 million. The Company recorded $2.98 million gain from two BRPT systems as non-operating income and $3.02 million gain from the WGPG system as gross profit from the sales of system which was the difference between the repurchase amount and the net investment receivable.

Shenqiu Yuneng Biomass Power Generation Projects

On May 25, 2011, Xi’an TCH entered into a Letter of Intent with Shenqiu YuNeng Thermal Power Co., Ltd. (“Shenqiu”) to reconstruct and transform a Thermal Power Generation System owned by Shenqiu into a 75T/H BMPG System for $3.57 million (RMB 22.5 million). The project commenced in June 2011 and was completed in the third quarter of 2011. On September 28, 2011, Xi’an TCH entered into a Biomass Power Generation Asset Transfer Agreement with Shenqiu (the “Shenqiu Transfer Agreement”). Pursuant to the Shenqiu Transfer Agreement, Shenqiu sold Xi’an TCH a set of 12 MW BMPG systems (after Xi’an TCH converted the system for BMPG purposes). As consideration for the BMPG systems, Xi’an TCH agreed to pay Shenqiu $10.94 million (RMB 70 million) in cash in three installments within six months upon the transfer of ownership of the systems. By the end of 2012, all of the consideration was paid. On September 28, 2011, Xi’an TCH and Shenqiu also entered into a Biomass Power Generation Project Lease Agreement (the “2011 Shenqiu Lease”). Under the 2011 Shenqiu Lease, Xi’an TCH agreed to lease a set of 12MW BMPG systems to Shenqiu at a monthly rental rate of $286,000 (RMB 1.8 million) for 11 years. Upon expiration of the 2011 Shenqiu Lease, ownership of this system will be transferred from Xi’an TCH to Shenqiu at no additional cost. In connection with the 2011 Shenqiu Lease, Shenqiu paid one month’s rent as a security deposit to Xi’an TCH, in addition to providing personal guarantees.

On October 8, 2012, Xi’an TCH entered into a Letter of Intent for technical reformation of Shenqiu Project Phase II with Shenqiu for technical reformation to enlarge the capacity of the Shenqiu Project Phase I (the “Shenqiu Phase II Project”). The technical reformation involved the construction of another 12MW BMPG system. After the reformation, the generation capacity of the power plant increased to 24MW. The project commenced on October 25, 2012 and was completed during the first quarter of 2013. The total cost of the project was $11.1 million (RMB 68 million). On March 30, 2013, Xi’an TCH and Shenqiu entered into a BMPG Project Lease Agreement (the “2013 Shenqiu Lease”). Under the 2013 Shenqiu Lease, Xi’an TCH agreed to lease the second set of 12MW BMPG systems to Shenqiu for $239,000 (RMB 1.5 million) per month for 9.5 years. When the 2013 Shenqiu Lease expires, ownership of this system will be transferred from Xi’an TCH to Shenqiu at no additional cost. 

Pucheng Biomass Power Generation Projects

On September 11, 2013, Xi’an TCH entered into a BMPG Asset Transfer Agreement (the “Pucheng Transfer Agreement”) with Pucheng Xin Heng Yuan Biomass Power Generation Corporation (“Pucheng”), a limited liability company incorporated in China. The Pucheng Transfer Agreement provided for the sale by Pucheng to Xi’an TCH of a set of 12MW BMPG systems with completion of system transformation for a purchase price of RMB 100 million ($16.48 million) in the form of 8,766,547 shares of common stock of the Company at the price of $1.87 per share. Also on September 11, 2013, Xi’an TCH also entered into a BMPG Project Lease Agreement with Pucheng (the “Pucheng Lease”). Under the Pucheng Lease, Xi’an TCH leases this same set of 12MW BMPG system to Pucheng, and combine this lease with the lease for the 12MW BMPG station of Pucheng Phase I project, under a single lease to Pucheng for RMB 3.8 million ($0.63 million) per month (the “Pucheng Phase II Project”). The term for the combined lease is from September 2013 to June 2025. The lease agreement for the 12MW station from Pucheng Phase I project terminated upon the effective date of the Pucheng Lease. The ownership of two 12 MW BMPG systems will be transferred to Pucheng at no additional charge when the Pucheng Lease expires.

Jitie Power Generation Projects

In May 2013, Xi’an TCH signed a contract with Sinosteel Jilin Ferroalloys Co., Ltd. (“Jitie”) to build furnace gas WHPG systems for electricity generation from recycled heat and steam from groups of ferroalloy furnaces and electric furnaces (the “Jitie Project”). According to the contract, Xi’an TCH will install a 7.5 MW and a 3 MW turbine power generation system with a total of 10.5 MW power capacity for an estimated total investment of $9.71 million (RMB 60 million). The lease term is 24 years. During the term of this lease, Jitie will pay service fees to Xi’an TCH based on the actual generating capacity with a minimum service fee per month of $300,000 (RMB 1.8 million) and Xi’an TCH was responsible for the systems operation and owned the power generation systems. In December 2013, the Jitie Project was completed and began operations.

On June 18, 2015, Xi’an TCH entered into a WHPG system Repurchase Agreement with Jitie. Under the Repurchase Agreement, Jitie agreed to repurchase the Jitie Project from Xi’an TCH and pay outstanding energy saving service fees of RMB 1.8 million ($294,599) to Xi’an TCH within five business days from the execution of the Repurchase Agreement on June 18, 2015. The Jitie Project was transferred to Jitie for a total price of RMB 90 million ($14.73 million). As of December 31, 2015, Xi’an TCH had received the payment in full and the systems were transferred. The outstanding balance of net investment receivable (the remaining principal amount) on the date of the transfer was $13.10 million. The Company recorded a $1.62 million gain from this transaction which was the difference between the repurchase amount and net investment receivable.

Chengli Waste Heat Power Generation Projects

On July 24, 2013, Zhonghong entered into a Cooperative Agreement of CDQ and CDQ WHPG Project with Boxing County Chengli Gas Supply Co., Ltd. (“Chengli”). The parties entered into a supplement agreement on July 26, 2013. Pursuant to these agreements, Zhonghong will design, build and maintain a 25 MW CDQ system and a CDQ WHPG system to supply power to Chengli, and Chengli will pay energy saving fees (the “Chengli Project”). Chengli will contract the operation of the system to a third party contractor that is mutually agreed to by Zhonghong. In addition, Chengli will provide the land for the CDQ system and CDQ WHPG system at no cost to Zhonghong. The term of the Agreements is for 20 years. The first 800 million watt hours generated by the Chengli Project will be charged at RMB 0.42 ($0.068) per kWh (excluding tax); thereafter, the energy saving fee will be RMB 0.20 ($0.036) per kWh (excluding tax). The operating time shall be based upon an average 8,000 hours annually. If the operating time is less than 8,000 hours per year due to a reason attributable to Chengli, then time charged shall be 8,000 hours a year, and if it is less than 8,000 hours due to a reason attributable to Zhonghong, then it shall be charged at actual operating hours. The construction of the Chengli Project was completed in the second quarter of 2015 and the project is currently under commissioning tests which we expect to be completed in the fourth quarter of 2016. When operations begin, Chengli shall ensure its coking production line works properly and that working hours for the CDQ system are at least 8,000 hours per year, and Zhonghong shall ensure that working hours and the CDQ WHPG system will be at least 7,200 hours per year.

On July 22, 2013, Zhonghong entered into an Engineering, Procurement and Construction (“EPC”) General Contractor Agreement for the Boxing County Chengli Gas Supply Co., Ltd. CDQ Power Generation Project (the “Huaxin Project”) with Xi’an Huaxin New Energy Co., Ltd. (“Huaxin”). Zhonghong, as the owner of the Huaxin Project, contracted EPC services for a CDQ system and a 25 MW CDQ WHPG system for Chengli to Huaxin. Huaxin shall provide construction, equipment procurement, transportation, installation and adjustment, test run, construction engineering management and other necessary services to complete the Huaxin Project and ensure the CDQ system and CDQ WHPG system for Chengli meet the inspection and acceptance requirements and work normally. The Huaxin Project is a turn-key project in which Huaxin is responsible for monitoring the quality, safety, duration and cost of the project. The total contract price is RMB 200 million ($33.34 million), which includes all the materials, equipment, labor, transportation, electricity, water, waste disposal, machinery and safety costs. 

Tianyu Waste Heat Power Generation Project

On July 19, 2013, Zhonghong entered into a Cooperative Agreement (the “Tianyu Agreement”) for Energy Management of CDQ and CDQ WHPG with Jiangsu Tianyu Energy and Chemical Group Co., Ltd (“Tianyu”). Pursuant to the Tianyu Agreement, Zhonghong will design, build, operate and maintain two sets of 25 MW CDQ and CDQ WHPG systems for two subsidiaries of Tianyu – Xuzhou Tian’an Chemical Co., Ltd (“Xuzhou Tian’an”) and Xuzhou Huayu Coking Co., Ltd (“Xuzhou Huayu”) – to be located at Xuzhou Tian’an and Xuzhou Huayu’s respective locations (the “Tianyu Project”). Upon completion of the Tianyu Project, Zhonghong will charge Tianyu an energy saving service fee of RMB 0.534 ($0.087) per kWh (excluding tax). The operating time will be based upon an average 8,000 hours annually for each of Xuzhou Tian'an and Xuzhou Huayu. If the operating time is less than 8,000 hours per year due to a reason attributable to Tianyu, then time charged will be 8,000 hours a year. The construction of the Xuzhou Tian’an Project is anticipated to be completed around the end of 2016. Xuzhou Tian’an will provide the land for the CDQ and CDQ WHPG systems for free. Xuzhou Tian’an also guarantees that it will purchase all of the power generated by the CDQ WHPG systems. The Xuzhou Huayu Project is currently on hold due to a conflict between Xuzhou Huayu Coking Co., Ltd and local residents on certain pollution-related issues. Xuzhou Huayu Coking Co., Ltd is working actively to resolve the conflict, and we will resume construction as soon as the possible; however, if the conflict cannot be resolved, either Xuzhou Huayu Coking Co., Ltd or the local residents will be forced to relocate. A relocation of Xuzhou Huayu Coking Co., Ltd would likely impact the Xuzhou Huayu Project.

On July 22, 2013, Xi’an Zhonghong New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. entered into an EPC General Contractor Agreement for the Xuzhou Tianyu Group CDQ Power Generation Project with Xi’an Huaxin New Energy Co., Ltd. (“Huaxin”). Zhonghong as the owner of the Project contracted EPC for the two sets of CDQ and 25 MW CDQ WHPG systems for Tianyu to Huaxin—one for Xuzhou Tian’an and one for Xuzhou Huayu. Huaxin shall provide construction, equipment procurement, transportation, installation and adjustment, test run, construction engineering management and other necessary works to complete the Project and ensure the CDQ and CDQ WHPG systems for Tianyu meet the inspection and acceptance requirements and work normally. The project is a turn-key project and Huaxin is responsible for the quality, safety, duration and cost of the Project. The total contract price is RMB 400 million ($66.67 million) of which RMB 200 million ($33.34 million) is for the Xuzhou Tian’an system and RMB 200 million is for the Xuzhou Huayu system. The price is a cover-all price, which includes but not limited to all the materials, equipment, labor, transportation, electricity, water, waste disposal, machinery and safety matters.

Yida Coke Oven Gas Power Generation Project

On June 28, 2014, Xi’an TCH entered into an Asset Transfer Agreement (the “Transfer Agreement”) with Qitaihe City Boli Yida Coal Selection Co., Ltd. (“Yida”), a limited liability company incorporated in China. The Transfer Agreement provided for the sale to Xi’an TCH of a 15 MW coke oven WGPG station, which has been converted from a 15 MW coal gangue power generation station from Yida. As consideration for the Transfer Asset, Xi’an TCH paid to Yida RMB 115 million ($18.69 million) in the form of the common stock shares of the Company at the average closing price per share of the Stock for the 10 trading days prior to the closing date of the transaction (the “Shares”). The exchange rate between US Dollar and Chinese RMB in connection with the stock issuance was the rate equal to the middle rate published by the People’s Bank of China on the closing date of the assets transfer.

On June 28, 2014, Xi’an TCH also entered into a Coke Oven Gas Power Generation Project Lease Agreement (the “Lease Agreement”) with Yida. Under the Lease Agreement, Xi'an TCH leased the Transfer Asset to Yida for RMB 3 million ($0.49 million) per month, and the term of the lease is from June 28, 2014 to June 27, 2029. Yida will also provide an RMB 3 million ($0.49 million) security deposit (without interest) for the lease. Xi’an TCH will transfer the Transfer Asset back to Yida at no cost at the end of the term of the lease.

On June 22, 2016, Xi’an TCH entered into a Coal Oven Gas Power Generation Project Repurchase Agreement (the “Repurchase Agreement”) with Yida. Under the Repurchase Agreement, Xi’an TCH agreed to transfer to Yida all the project assets for consideration of RMB 112,000,000 ($16.89 million) (the “Transfer Price”) with Yida’s retention of ownership of the Shares. Yida agreed to make the following payments: (i) the outstanding monthly leasing fees for April and May 2016 in total of RMB 6,000,000 ($0.90 million) to Xi’an TCH within 5 business days from the execution of the Repurchase Agreement; (ii) a payment of RMB 50,000,000 ($7.54 million) of the Transfer Price to Xi'an TCH within 5 business days from the execution of the Repurchase Agreement; and (iii) a payment of the remaining RMB 62,000,000 ($9.35 million) of the Transfer Price to Xi'an TCH within 15 business days from the execution of the Repurchase Agreement. Under the Repurchase Agreement, ownership of the project assets will be transferred from Xi'an TCH to Yida within 3 business days after Xi’an TCH receives the full Transfer Price and the outstanding monthly leasing fees. As of June 30, 2016, Xi’an TCH had received the outstanding monthly leasing fees for April and May 2016 in the amount of $0.90 million and the first payment of the Transfer Price in the amount of $7.54 million. On July 11, 2016, the Company received the second payment of the Transfer Price in the amount of $9.35 million. The Company recorded a $0.42 million loss from this transaction.

Zhongtai WHPG Energy Management Cooperative Agreement

On December 6, 2013, Xi’an entered into a CDQ and WHPG Energy Management Cooperative Agreement (the “Zhongtai Agreement”) with Xuzhou Zhongtai Energy Technology Co., Ltd. (“Zhongtai”), a limited liability company incorporated in Jiangsu Province, China.

Pursuant to the Zhongtai Agreement, Xi’an TCH will design, build and maintain a 150 ton per hour CDQ system and a 25 MW CDQ WHPG system (the "Project") and sell the power to Zhongtai, and Xi’an TCH will also build a furnace to generate steam from the waste heat of the smoke pipeline and sell the steam to Zhongtai.

The construction period of the Project is expected to be 18 months from the date when conditions are ready for construction to begin. Zhongtai will start to pay an energy saving service fee from the date when the WHPG station passes the required 72-hour test run. The term of payment is for 20 years. For the first 10 years of the term, Zhongtai shall pay an energy saving service fee at RMB 0.534 ($0.089) per kWh (including value added tax) for the power generated from the system. For the second 10 years of the term, Zhongtai shall pay an energy saving service fee at RMB 0.402 ($0.067) per kWh (including value added tax). During the term of the contract the energy saving service fee shall be adjusted at the same percentage as the change of local grid electricity price. Zhongtai shall also pay an energy saving service fee for the steam supplied by Xi’an TCH at RMB 100 ($16.67) per ton (including value added tax). Zhongtai and its parent company will provide guarantees to ensure Zhongtai will fulfill its obligations under the Agreement. Upon the completion of the term, Xi’an TCH will transfer the systems to Zhongtai at RMB 1 ($0.16). Zhongtai shall provide waste heat to the systems for no less than 8,000 hours per year and waste gas volume no less than 150,000 Nm3 per hour with a temperature no less than 950°C. If these requirements are not met, the term of the Zhongtai Agreement will be extended accordingly. If Zhongtai wants to terminate the Zhongtai Agreement early, it shall provide Xi’an TCH a 60 day notice and pay the termination fee and compensation for the damages to Xi’an TCH according to the following formula: 1) if it is less than five years into the term when Zhongtai requests termination, Zhongtai shall pay: Xi’an TCH’s total investment amount plus Xi’an TCH’s annual investment return times five years minus the years in which the system has already operated; or 2) if it is more than five years into the term when Zhongtai requests the termination, Zhongtai shall pay: Xi’an TCH’s total investment amount minus total amortization cost (the amortization period is 10 years). 

On March 14, 2016, Xi’an TCH entered into a Xuzhou Zhongtai CDQ and Waste Heat Power Generation System Transfer Agreement (the “Transfer Agreement”) with Zhongtai and Xi’an Huaxin New Energy Co., Ltd., a limited liability company incorporated in China (the “Contractor”).

The Transfer Agreement provides for the sale to Zhongtai of all the assets of the Project under construction from Xi’an TCH. Additionally, Xi’an TCH will transfer to Zhongtai the Engineering, Procurement and Construction (“EPC”) Contract for the Project, which Xi’an TCH had entered into with the Contractor in connection with the Project. As consideration for the transfer of the Project, Zhongtai is to pay to Xi’an TCH an aggregate purchase price of RMB 167,360,000 (approximately $25,747,692 and the “Transfer Price”), on the following schedule: (i) RMB 50,000,000 (approximately $7,692,308) of the Transfer Price was paid within 20 business days from the execution of the Transfer Agreement; (ii) RMB 30,000,000 (approximately $4,615,385) of the Transfer Price will be paid within 20 business days upon the completion of the construction of the Project but not later than July 30, 2016; and (iii) RMB 87,360,000 (approximately $13,440,000) of the Transfer Price will be paid before July 30, 2017. The temporary ownership of the Project was transferred from Xi'an TCH to Zhongtai after the Xi’an TCH received the first payment of RMB 50,000,000, and the full ownership of the Project is to be officially transferred to Zhongtai upon full payment of the Transfer Price. The Zhongtai Agreement is to be terminated and Xi'an TCH will agree not to pursue any breach of contract liability against the Zhongtai under the Zhongtai Agreement when Zhongtai fully pays the Transfer Price according to the terms of the Transfer Agreement. If the Transfer Price is not fully paid on time pursuant to the Transfer Agreement, the Transfer Agreement automatically terminates and Xi'an TCH retains ownership of the Project, and both parties would continue to possess their respective rights and obligations according to the Zhongtai Agreement and assume the liabilities for breach of the Zhongtai Agreement. Xuzhou Taifa Special Steel Technology Co., Ltd. (“Xuzhou Taifa”) has guaranteed the payments by Zhongtai. As of June 30, 2016, Xi’an TCH had received the first payment of $7.70 million. As of the date of this report, the Company has not yet received the second payment of $4.62 million. The Company recorded a $2.82 million loss from this transaction. 

Rongfeng CDQ Power Generation Energy Management Cooperative Agreement

On December 12, 2013, Xi’an TCH entered into a CDQ Power Generation Energy Management Cooperative Agreement with Tangshan Rongfeng Iron & Steel Co., Ltd. (the “Rongfeng Agreement”), a limited liability company incorporated in Hebei Province, China.

Pursuant to the Rongfeng Agreement, Xi’an TCH will design, build and maintain a CDQ system and a CDQ WHPG system and sell the power to Rongfeng. The construction period of the Project is expected to be eighteen (18) months after the Agreement takes effect and from the date when conditions are ready for construction to begin.

Rongfeng will start to pay an energy saving service fee from the date when the WHPG station passes the required 72-hour test run. The term of payment is for 20 years. For the first 10 years of the term, Rongfeng shall pay an energy saving service fee at RMB 0.582 ($0.095) per kWh (including tax) for the power generated from the system. For the second 10 years of the term, Rongfeng shall pay an energy saving service fee at RMB 0.432 ($0.071) per kWh (including tax). During the term of the contract the energy saving service fee shall be adjusted at the same percentage as the change of local grid electricity price. Rongfeng and its parent company will provide guarantees to ensure Rongfeng will fulfill its obligations under the Rongfeng Agreement. Upon the completion of the term, Xi’an TCH will transfer the systems to Rongfeng at RMB 1. Rongfeng shall provide waste heat to the systems for no less than 8,000 hours per year with a temperature no less than 950°C. If these requirements are not met, the term of the Agreement will be extended accordingly. If Rongfeng wants to terminate the Agreement early, it shall provide Xi’an TCH a 60 day notice and pay the termination fee and compensation for the damages to Xi’an TCH according to the following formula: 1) if it is less than or equal to five years into the term when Rongfeng requests termination, Rongfeng shall pay: Xi’an TCH’s total investment amount plus Xi’an TCH’s average annual investment return times five years minus the years of which the system has already operated); 2) if it is more than five years into the term when Rongfeng requests the termination, Rongfeng shall pay: Xi’an TCH’s total investment amount minus total amortization cost (the amortization period is 10 years).

On November 16, 2015, Xi’an TCH entered into a Transfer Agreement of CDQ and a CDQ WHPG system with Rongfeng and Xi’an Huaxin New Energy Co., Ltd., a limited liability company incorporated in China (“Xi’an Huaxin”). The Transfer Agreement provided for the sale to Rongfeng of the CDQ Waste Heat Power Generation Project (the "Project") from Xi’an TCH. Additionally, Xi’an TCH would transfer to Rongfeng the Engineering, Procurement and Construction (“EPC”) Contract for the CDQ Waste Heat Power Generation Project which Xi’an TCH had entered into with Xi’an Huaxin in connection with the Project. As consideration for the transfer of the Project, Rongfeng is to pay to Xi’an TCH an aggregate purchase price of RMB 165,200,000 ($25.45 million) on the following schedule: (i) RMB 65,200,000 ($10.05 million) was paid by Rongfeng to Xi’an TCH within 20 business days after signing the Transfer Agreement, (ii) RMB 50,000,000 ($7.70 million) was paid by Rongfeng to Xi’an TCH within 20 business days after the Project is completed, but no later than March 31, 2016, and (iii) RMB 50,000,000 ($7.70 million) will be paid by Rongfeng to Xi’an TCH no later than September 30, 2016. Mr. Cheng Li, the largest stockholder of Rongfeng, has personally guaranteed the payments. The ownership of the Project was conditionally transferred to Rongfeng within 3 business days following the initial payment of RMB 65,200,000 ($10.05 million) by Rongfeng to Xi’an TCH, and the full ownership of the Project will be transferred to Rongfeng after it completes the entire payment pursuant to the terms of the Transfer Agreement. As of December 31, 2015, Xi’an TCH received the first payment of $10.05 million, and on April 6, 2016, Xi’an TCH received the second payment of $7.70 million. The Company recorded a $3.78 million loss from this transaction in 2015.   

Baoliyuan CDQ Power Generation Energy Management Cooperative Agreement

On March 26, 2014, Xi’an TCH entered into a CDQ Waste Heat Recycling Project Energy Management Cooperative Agreement with Tangshan Baoliyuan Coking Co., Ltd. (“Baoliyuan”), a limited liability company incorporated in Hebei Province, China.

Pursuant to the Agreement, Xi’an TCH was to design, build and maintain a CDQ and a CDQ WHPG system and sell the power to Baoliyuan (the “CDQ Project”) and Xi’an TCH was to also build a high scale waste water treatment system for Baoliyuan and charge monthly payment for two years (the “Waste Water Treatment Project”).

The construction period of the CDQ Project was expected to be 15 months from the effective date of the Agreement. Baoliyuan was to start to pay an energy saving fee from the date when the WHPG station passed the required 72-hour test run. The term of payment was for 20 years and Baoliyuan was to pay an energy saving fee at RMB 0.7 ($0.114) per kWh (including tax) for the power generated from the system, from which Xi’an TCH shall take 92.86% and Baoliyuan was to take 7.14% as parties to share the energy saving benefits. During the term of the contract the energy saving fee was to be adjusted at the same percentage as the change of the local grid electricity price. Baoliyuan was to provide guarantees to ensure it will fulfill its obligations under the Agreement. Upon the completion of the term, Xi’an TCH was to transfer the systems to Baoliyuan at RMB 1.

Baoliyuan was to provide waste heat to the systems for no less than 8,000 hours per year and coking production was to reach 80% of its capacity. If these requirements were not met, the energy saving fee was to be calculated according to such hours and capacity.

If Baoliyuan wanted to terminate the Agreement early, it was to provide Xi’an TCH a 60 day notice and pay the termination fee and compensation for the damages to Xi’an TCH according to the following formula: 1) if it was less than or equal to five years into the term when Baoliyuan requested termination, Baoliyuan was to pay: Xi’an TCH’s total investment amount plus Xi’an TCH’s average annual investment return times five years minus the years of which the system had already operated; 2) if it was more than five years into the term when Baoliyuan requests the termination, Baoliyuan was to pay: Xi’an TCH’s total investment amount minus total amortization cost (the amortization period is 20 years).

From the first month of the completion of Waste Water Treatment Project, Baoliyuan was to pay a fixed monthly fee for the waste water treatment system at RMB 1.05 million per month ($171,010) for the first 12 months and RMB 940,000 per month ($153,094) for the next 12 months.

The Baoliyuan project was cancelled in May 2015 because the project required the blasting and leveling of a mountain and Baoliyuan could not obtain all the necessary permits for the construction from the local government due to the government’s concern for the environment.

Related Party Transactions

On March 1, 2014, Xi’an TCH entered a loan agreement with Mr. Ku, a major stockholder and the Company’s Chairman and CEO, in which Mr. Ku will loan the Company, from time to time, up to RMB 80 million ($13 million) for the Company’s operating needs. The loan bore no interest, had one-year term from the actual lending date, the Company can repay the principal in installment. As of June 30, 2016, the Company did not have any outstanding balance on the loan from Mr. Ku, but had $44,328 in advances from the Company’s management, which bore no interest, and were payable upon demand of the management. 

On August 27, 2014, the Company entered into a Share Purchase Agreement (the “Agreement”) with Mr. Guohua Ku. Pursuant to the Agreement, the Company issued to Mr. Ku, 13,829,074 shares of common stock of the Company on September 5, 2014. The purchase price per share for the Shares shall be the average closing price quoted on the NASDAQ Global Market for the common stock of the Company for 15 trading days prior to the effective date of the Agreement, which was $1.37 per share. The Company received payments in two installments of $12 million and $6.91 million on September 5, 2014 and September 12, 2014 respectively in equivalent of RMB 74.05 million and RMB 42.85 million respectively using the middle exchange rate between USD and RMB published by the People’s Bank of China on the effective date of the agreement pursuant to its terms. These shares were recorded using the FV of $1.49 per share. The Company shall file a registration statement for the registration of the Shares for their resale by Mr. Ku within 180 days from the effective date of this Agreement; the Company is currently working on the registration statement.

During the six and three months ended June 30, 2016, the Company received RMB 14.64 million ($2.21 million) and RMB 7.27 million ($1.10 million), respectively, interest income for sales-type lease of Pucheng BMPG systems from Pucheng Xin Heng Yuan Biomass Power Generation Corporation, whose major stockholder became a stockholder of CREG through the issuance of the Company’s common stock to this stockholder in consideration for the transfer of the old system to CREG for BMPG system transformation.

During the six and three months ended June 30, 2016, the Company received RMB 13.83 million ($2.09 million) and RMB 5.53 million ($0.83 million), respectively, interest income for sales-type lease of Yida WGPG system from Qitaihe City Boli Yida Coal Selection Co., Ltd., whose major stockholder became a stockholder of CREG through the issuance of the Company’s common stock to this stockholder in consideration for the transfer of the old system to CREG for WGPG system transformation. 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements, which were prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“US GAAP”). The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements as well as the reported net sales and expenses during the reporting periods. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates and assumptions. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

While our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 to our consolidated financial statements, we believe the following accounting policies are the most critical to assist you in fully understanding and evaluating this management discussion and analysis.

Basis of Presentation

These accompanying consolidated financial statements were prepared in accordance with US GAAP and pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC for financial statements.

Basis of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of CREG and, its subsidiary, Sifang Holdings and Yinghua; Sifang Holdings’ wholly-owned subsidiaries, Huahong and Shanghai TCH; Shanghai TCH’s wholly-owned subsidiary Xi’an TCH; and Xi’an TCH’s subsidiaries, Erdos TCH, Zhonghong, and Zhongxun. Substantially all of the Company’s revenues are derived from the operations of Shanghai TCH and its subsidiaries, which represent substantially all of the Company’s consolidated assets and liabilities as of June 30, 2016 and December 31, 2015, respectively. All significant inter-company accounts and transactions were eliminated in consolidation.

Use of Estimates

In preparing the consolidated financial statements, management makes estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities in the balance sheets as well as revenues and expenses during the year reported. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Cash includes cash on hand and demand deposits in accounts maintained within China. Balances at financial institutions within China are not covered by insurance. The Company has not experienced any losses in such accounts.

Certain other financial instruments, which subject the Company to concentration of credit risk, consist of accounts and other receivables. The Company does not require collateral or other security to support these receivables. The Company conducts periodic reviews of its customers’ financial condition and customer payment practices to minimize collection risk on accounts receivable.

The operations of the Company are located in the PRC. Accordingly, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environments in the PRC.

Revenue Recognition

Sales-type Leasing and Related Revenue Recognition

The Company constructs and then leases waste energy recycling power generating projects to its customers. The Company typically transfers ownership of the waste energy recycling power generating projects to its customers at the end of each lease. Investment in these projects is recorded as investment in sales-type leases in accordance with “Accounting for Leases”, codified in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 840 and its various amendments and interpretations. The Company manufactures and constructs waste energy recycling power generating projects and finances its customers for the costs of the projects. The sales and cost of sales are recognized at the time of sale or inception of the lease. The investment in sales-type leases consists of the sum of the total minimum lease payments receivable less unearned interest income and estimated executory cost. Unearned interest income is amortized to income over the lease term so as to produce a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment in the lease. While a portion of revenue is recognized at the inception of the lease, the cash flow from the sales-type lease occurs over the course of the lease. Revenue is net of the Value Added Tax. 

Contingent Rental Income

The Company records the income from actual electricity usage in addition to minimum lease payment of each project as contingent rental income in the period earned. Contingent rent is not part of minimum lease payments.

Foreign Currency Translation and Comprehensive Income (Loss)

The Company’s functional currency is RMB. For financial reporting purposes, RMB figures were translated into USD as the reporting currency. Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate in effect on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average rate of exchange prevailing during the reporting period. Translation adjustments arising from the use of different exchange rates from period to period are included as a component of stockholders’ equity as “Accumulated other comprehensive income.” Gains and losses from foreign currency transactions are included in income. There has been no significant fluctuation in exchange rate for the conversion of RMB to USD after the balance sheet date.

The Company uses “Reporting Comprehensive Income” (codified in FASB ASC Topic 220). Comprehensive income is comprised of net income and all changes to the statements of stockholders’ equity, except those due to investments by stockholders, changes in paid-in capital and distributions to stockholders.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Comparison of Three Months Ended June 30, 2016 and 2015

The following table sets forth the results of our operations for the periods indicated as a percentage of net sales, certain columns may not add due to rounding.

SALES. Total sales for the three months ended June 30, 2016 were $0 while total sales for the comparable period of 2015 were $24.58 million, a decrease of $24.58 million. Of the total sales, sales of systems for the three months ended June 30, 2016 were $0, compared to $24.47 million for the three months ended June 30, 2015. For the three months ended June 30, 2015, the Datong project, a WGPG system, was completed and sold, while no systems were sold during the three months ended June 30, 2016. For the three months ended June 30, 2016, the Company received contingent rental income of $0, compared to $0.10 million of contingent rental income from the usage of electricity in addition to the minimum lease payments for the comparable period in 2015. For the sales-type leases, sales and COS are recorded at the time of the lease; in addition to sales revenue, our other major source of revenue is interest income from the sales-type leases.

COST OF SALES. COS for the three months ended June 30, 2016 was $0 while our COS for the comparable period of 2015 was $21.46 million, a decrease of $21.46 million, due to the sale of Datong project.

GROSS PROFIT. Gross profit was $0 for the three months ended June 30, 2016, compared to $3.11 million for the comparable period of 2015, representing a blended gross margin of 0% and 13% for the comparable periods of 2016 and 2015, respectively. The decrease in blended gross margin in the three months ended June 30, 2016 was primarily due to no sales of systems or contingent rental income for the three months ended June 30, 2016, compared to the period of 2015. 

INTEREST INCOME ON SALES-TYPE LEASES. Interest income on sales-type leases for the three months ended June 30, 2016 was $3.78 million, a $2.55 million decrease from $6.33 million for the comparable period of 2015. During the three months ended June 30, 2016, interest income was derived from the following 10 sales-type leases:

The Company transferred the ownership of one WGPG system to Yida during the second quarter of 2016. The Company transferred the ownership of two BPRT systems to Datong and one WHPG system to Jitie during the second quarter of 2015. In addition, another Datong WGPG system was completed on May 26, 2015 and was also transferred to Datong along with the two BPRT systems during the second quarter of 2015.

 In comparison, during the second quarter of 2015, interest income was derived from the following thirteen (13) sales-type leases:

OPERATING EXPENSES. Operating expenses consisted of general and administrative expenses totaling $0.37 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016 as compared to $0.55 million for the comparable period of 2015, a decrease of $0.18 million or 33%. The decrease was mainly due to a $0.02 million decrease in rental expenses, a $0.02 million decrease in payroll expenses, and a $0.02 million decrease in consulting expenses compared to the same period of last year. These decreases in operating expenses were a result of our decreased revenue as well as the disposal of certain power generating systems.

NET NON-OPERATING EXPENSES. Net non-operating expenses consisted of non-sales-type lease interest income, interest expenses, bank charges and miscellaneous expenses. For the three months ended June 30, 2016, net non-operating expense was $2.34 million compared to net non-operating income of $3.68 million for the comparable period of 2015. For the three months ended June 30, 2016, we had $0.03 million interest income and $0.07 million other income, but the amounts were offset by a $2.03 million interest expense on loans and a $0.42 million loss from the sale of Yida project. For the comparable period of 2015, we had $0.02 million interest income, $4.59 million gain on systems repurchase from Jitie, and $0.38 million other income, which was offset by $1.31 million interest expense on loans.

INCOME TAX EXPENSE. Income tax benefit was $1.18 million for the three months ended June 30, 2016, an increase of $2.49 million in income tax benefit from $1.30 million income tax expense for the comparable period of 2015. The consolidated effective income tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2016 and 2015 were (111)% and 10%, respectively; the increase in income tax benefit in 2016 was mainly due to the loss from disposal of fixed assets of Xuzhou Zhongtai and Yida systems per PRC tax return purpose. Xi’an TCH’s income tax rate was 15% for 2015 as a result of its high tech enterprise status and is 25% for 2016 due to expiration of this status.

NET INCOME. Net income for the three months ended June 30, 2016 was $2.35 million compared to net income of $11.28 million for the comparable period of 2015, a decrease of $8.93 million. This decrease in net income was mainly due to decreased gross profit and decreased interest income on sales-type leases in the three months ended June 30, 2016.

Comparison of Six Months Ended June 30, 2016 and 2015

The following table sets forth the results of our operations for the periods indicated as a percentage of net sales, certain columns may not add due to rounding.