Soluna Holdings, Inc - Annual Report: 2006 (Form 10-K)

At its MTI Micro subsidiary, the Company is principally focused on the development and commercialization of advanced cord-free rechargeable power pack technology for portable electronics. MTI Micro has developed a patented, proprietary direct methanol fuel cell ("DMFC") technology called Mobion^®, which generates electrical power using up to 100% methanol as fuel. MTI Micro's Mobion^® technology is intended to replace current lithium-ion and similar rechargeable battery systems currently used by original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs") in many hand held electronic devices such as a personal digital assistant ("PDA"), Smart Phones and other accessories. The Company formed MTI Micro as a subsidiary on March 26, 2001 and currently owns approximately 94% of the outstanding common stock of MTI Micro. The remaining 6% is owned by strategic partners, other investors, and MTI Micro employees. In addition, employees of MTI Micro hold options to purchase shares of MTI Micro common stock representing approximately 0.12% of MTI Micro's outstanding common stock on a fully diluted basis as of December 31, 2006. Such options are vested or will vest within the next three years.

At its MTI Instruments subsidiary, the Company designs, manufactures, and sells high-performance test and measurement instruments and systems. MTI Instruments was incorporated as a subsidiary on March 8, 2000 and has three product groups: general dimensional gauging, semiconductor and aviation. These products consist of electronic, computerized gauging instruments for position, displacement and vibration applications for the design, manufacturing and test markets; semiconductor products for wafer characterization of semi-insulating and semi-conducting wafers for the semiconductor market; and engine balancing and vibration analysis systems for both military and commercial aircraft.

MTI also co-founded and retains a minority interest in Plug Power Inc. ("Plug Power") (Nasdaq: PLUG), a developer of clean, reliable, on-site energy products.

In late February 2007, the Company learned that the Land Warrior program - a program intended to integrate commercial, off-the-shelf technologies into a complete soldier system for the dismounted infantryman - would be terminated. This termination triggered the Company's reassessment of its high power program's market potential.

The Land Warrior Program had significant market potential for the Company since it required the development of a new power source that could handle its power demands. Land Warrior was also a catalyst for funding the development of alternative advanced power solutions at the various government and military agencies. We were pursuing advanced power solutions for radios, satellite communications and general purpose power requirements and ultimately to the Land Warrior vision of a fuel cell for every soldier.

The Company's market research and product entry roadmap identified the high power DMFC platform as a natural solution for not only Land Warrior but also communications and general purpose power applications and expected to eventually sell 30W power solutions into the military market for both Land Warrior and other on-body power programs. The Company was progressing towards the development and testing of high power prototypes to achieve a technology readiness level acceptable for trials.

As a result of the termination of the Land Warrior Program and the Company's associated reassessment of its high power program, it was determined that both sales and future funding opportunities from the military and other government agencies would be significantly reduced. Accordingly, the Company determined that the continuation of the 30W high power program would no longer be prudent and suspended its development. Additionally, the Company will not proceed with the delivery of 30W prototype systems to two of its customers and has separated employees supporting this effort.

With market conditions in the high power military market changing quickly, the Company has swiftly responded to these changes by sharpening its focus on the development and commercialization of low power products for the consumer market and its adaptations for military applications.

1

The Company believes that it will recognize a number of significant benefits from this change including:

Trends in portable electronics are creating a growing need for longer-lasting portable power. Consumers want increased intelligence and functionality for their portable devices. They want more memory, color screens, and convergence of several devices into a multi-purpose one (e.g. cell phones that are also digital cameras and MP3 players). More and more devices are being connected to some kind of network and increasingly used by consumers who want them on and leave them on. All these trends require more energy than current technologies - like battery technologies - may be able to provide.

MTI Micro expects that its proprietary technology should provide the improved power necessary to operate present and future generations of portable electronics and their accessories. MTI Micro's Mobion^® technology should last longer because of its high energy density, and it may eliminate the need for a lengthy recharge because it can be instantly refueled (recharged) by inserting a new fuel refill of methanol or refueling with a canister.

Mobion^® Technology: MTI Micro's Mobion^® direct methanol fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert high energy density fuel (methanol) directly into electricity. The heart of a Mobion^® fuel cell is a membrane between two catalyst layers. The micro fuel cell produces electrical current when the fuel is introduced to the anode catalyst layer. At the anode catalyst, the fuel reacts to produce protons, electrons, and carbon dioxide. The membrane allows protons to pass through to the cathode catalyst layer. Electrons are forced to take an alternative path, and flow through current collectors providing power. At the cathode catalyst layer, the protons and electrons recombine and react with oxygen to form water.

Direct methanol fuel cells operate relatively silently and at low temperatures. MTI Micro's Mobion^® technology is being designed to reduce parts count and the need for complex components. The technology platform can be customized to provide portable power for a number of applications depending on the power level, required run time and size requirements.

MTI Micro's Mobion^® technology uses methanol as fuel. Methanol - a simple alcohol commonly used in windshield wiper fluid -is biodegradable and because it is a liquid, it is easily stored and transported. In addition, methanol is inexpensive, readily available and in its natural state has high energy density (about 4800 Watt Hours (Wh) per Liter). Methanol is increasingly seen as a fuel of choice in the industry for micro fuel cells and it is being adopted by many in the industry because of its high energy density, packaging advantages, environmental and safety considerations, and low cost.

2

Research and Development: During 2006, MTI Micro was developing two DMFC technology platforms - low power and high power. Based on recent events, MTI Micro is now focusing on our low power development only. Our low power platform is a simplified DMFC technology platform intended to eliminate many of the pumps and valves found in traditional DMFC systems. Low power applications are optimal for portable electronic in the consumer market such as PDAs, digital cameras and camera accessories. There is demand for improved low power sources coming from both military and homeland security markets for applications such as unattended ground sensors and homeland security monitoring where the platforms may be adapted with a few changes. The high power platform also may serve applications such as video cameras, laptops and power accessories for consumer and industrial electronics applications. MTI Micro's technology platform also focuses on using components and subsystems that use standard mass manufacturing practices. This technology platform is designed to permit MTI Micro to address the needs of applications with various power, duration and size requirements. DMFC development efforts are also focused on reliability, manufacturability, miniaturization and cost considerations, as well as compliance with codes and standards for DMFC systems. MTI Micro shipped its initial low volume Mobion^® fuel cell systems in late 2004. The Company and MTI Micro recognize that significant technical and engineering challenges remain before DMFCs can become commercially viable or available.

During 2006, 2005 and 2004, the Company spent approximately $12,900, $9,700 and $13,000 thousand, respectively, on product development and research costs, including $1,200, $3,600 and $4,000 thousand, respectively, on partially funded research and development.

Product Development and Manufacturing: The product specifications required to successfully penetrate MTI Micro's targeted markets vary depending on the device being powered. Volume, weight, peak power, environmental conditions, power duration and reliability are all factors that pose limiting thresholds on Mobion^® fuel cell product introduction and acceptance. Therefore, MTI Micro will target products that have specifications that intersect its technology roadmap at various stages of development, thereby permitting the introduction of products earlier, while building its supply chain, manufacturing capabilities and key OEMs relationships.

The Company believes that when commercialized, Mobion^® could eventually have higher energy density and therefore provide multiple times the benefits of existing lithium-ion batteries. When sold into the mass-commercial markets, Mobion^® fuel cells should be able to power a wireless electronic device for longer periods of time than Lithium Ion batteries without recharging/refueling, and be instantly refueled without the need for a power outlet or a lengthy recharge period.

MTI Micro has built a number of system prototypes that demonstrate the technology's capabilities, operation in any orientation, and operation at a range of voltages. MTI Micro also uses laboratory systems to demonstrate and test advanced concepts and technology. In 2006, in a 30 watt Mobion® laboratory test unit, MTI Micro achieved an energy density of over 1.3 Wh per cc of fuel, representing more than a 30% increase in fuel efficiency. Also, in 2006, MTI Micro demonstrated in the laboratory a Mobion^® accessory charger prototype operating on 100% methanol that ran continuously for over 95 Wh on one fill of its integrated fuel tank and provided more energy density than the typical prismatic Lithium Ion battery.

MTI Micro currently anticipates using contract manufacturers to manufacture its Mobion^® fuel cell products and has established contracts and relationships with key suppliers and contract manufacturers. MTI Micro also works with third-party suppliers to design, develop and manufacture subsystems and components of its Mobion^® fuel cell products.

The commercialization of MTI Micro's Mobion^® fuel cell products depends upon MTI Micro's ability to significantly reduce the costs of these systems and products, since they are currently substantially more expensive than systems and products based on existing technologies, such as rechargeable batteries. In addition to cost, MTI Micro continues to work on improving reliability, energy density, power density, life, and the overall performance of its Mobion^® systems as well as reducing its size - critical components for successful penetration into the marketplace. We cannot assure that MTI Micro will be able to sufficiently reduce the cost and size of these systems and products without reducing their performance, reliability and longevity.

Although it is difficult to predict the development timetable and challenges of our Mobion^® technology - a disruptive technology that may be able to provide multiple times the benefits of existing technologies. At the end of 2006, the Company planned to ship units for field testing for high power applications during 2007.

Business Strategy and Commercialization: The market for rechargeable batteries or power packs is large, well established and growing, experiencing sales of several hundred million units per year. As of the end of 2006, MTI Micro's business strategy was to develop robust, reliable, manufacturable, cost-effective Mobion^® technology platforms suitable for the consumer, military and industrial markets. Potential military markets include extended life power sources for a number of applications including low and high power communication devices, sensors, soldier on-body power and other mission critical devices for the war on terror.

3

Potential industrial markets include low and high power portable communications devices, wireless scanners, hand-held inventory control devices and electronic healthcare products. The potential consumer markets span a broad range of mass-market portable electronic devices such as PDAs, Smartphones, global positioning systems and digital cameras. Initial applications in the consumer markets will be high value-added devices such as portable navigation systems, digital cameras, game players, camcorders and accessories for them. The Company then plans to penetrate into the even larger market for products such as cell phones and laptops.

As a result of discussions with its partners, government agencies, OEMs and others, MTI Micro developed a commercialization strategy that consists of two overlapping phases (military/industrial and consumer) for market introduction of its Mobion® fuel cells. This tiered approach was intended to enable MTI Micro to gradually penetrate each of its selected markets.

During 2006, MTI Micro met milestones related to technology and business development including: 1) increasing system efficiency by 30% to 1.3 Wh per cc of fuel; 2) demonstrating a product-intent military portable power system; 3) developing a prototype for the consumer market that exceeds the energy density of a lithium-ion battery, and 4) entering into an agreement with a lead OEM. Furthermore, the company is currently moving Mobion^®30M units through its robustness qualification testing process with expected completion during the first quarter of 2007. The Company then plans to ship robust units as scheduled to qualified customers.

To move the Company forward in 2007, the Company has set the following milestones:

Strategic Partnerships: MTI Micro intends to sell within multiple industries and enable OEMs to enhance existing product offerings. MTI Micro's strategy is to team with appropriate players in each of its targeted markets. In parallel with its product introduction strategy, MTI Micro plans to leverage joint development activities and other formal partnerships with key component and subsystems suppliers. MTI Micro also intends to rely heavily on OEMs as distribution channels for its products. MTI Micro anticipates that the nature of these relationships will vary, and as MTI Micro continues to mature and move forward with its product commercialization, such relationships will become increasingly important.

Strategic Agreements: Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. ("Samsung"): On May 16, 2006, MTI Micro entered into an exclusive alliance with Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. to develop next-generation fuel cell prototypes for Samsung's mobile phone business. Mobion^®, MTI Micro's DMFC technology, was chosen to power a series of prototypes designed for Samsung's mobile phone and mobile phone accessories. Together, the two companies are developing, testing, and evaluating Mobion^® technology for various mobile phone applications. In consideration of MTI Micro's supply of the DMFC Prototypes, Samsung is obligated to pay to MTI Micro $1.0 million billable as follows: (a) $750,000 within five business days of the effective date of the Agreement; (b) $125,000 within fifteen days of Samsung's receipt of the two Proof of Concept Prototypes; and (c) $125,000 within fifteen days of Samsung's receipt of the two (2) Industrial Design Prototypes. To date, Samsung has paid $875,000 under this contract. Upon successful completion of the agreement, MTI Micro and Samsung intend to continue to work together by entering into a product commercialization agreement.

Under the agreement, MTI Micro delivered two direct methanol fuel cell Proof of Concept Prototypes for Samsung's evaluation during the fourth quarter of 2006. In early 2007, these prototypes were accepted by Samsung. MTI Micro is working to deliver the set of direct methanol fuel cell Industrial Design Prototypes, which will be designed to meet certain industrial design specifications set forth in the agreement.

The Gillette Company ("Gillette"): On September 19, 2003, MTI Micro entered into a strategic alliance agreement with Gillette whereby MTI Micro, Gillette and Gillette's Duracell business unit agreed to jointly develop and commercialize complementary micro fuel cell products to power future mass market, high volume portable consumer devices. The agreement provides for a multi-year exclusive partnership for the design, development and commercialization of a low power direct methanol micro fuel cell power system and a compatible fuel refill system. The strategic alliance agreement has three main components. First, Gillette and MTI

4

Micro shall work together from a technical and marketing perspective to help create a market for micro fuel cells. Second, for a period of time, MTI Micro will receive a percentage of net revenues related to Gillette's sale of fuel refills for micro fuel cells. Third, Gillette has made, and may make in the future, equity investments in MTI Micro. On September 19, 2003, Gillette made an initial $1.0 million investment in MTI Micro common stock and may make additional investments of up to $4.0 million, subject to agreed milestones related to technical and marketing progress. As part of the agreement, MTI agreed to provide enough funding to MTI Micro to cover all operational costs for the first two years of the agreement and MTI satisfied this obligation in April 2004.

MTI Micro has not yet achieved the milestone necessary for the investment of the next $1.0 million by Gillette. We do not expect this investment to occur, if at all, until late 2008. Based on the current rate of progress with Gillette, we anticipate that Gillette will not invest the remaining $3.0 million until the end of 2009, if at all.

As part of the strategic alliance, MTI Micro transferred patents and other intellectual property related to fuel refill systems to Gillette, and Gillette transferred patents and other intellectual property related to DMFCs for hand held devices to MTI Micro. The patents and other intellectual property transferred to Gillette, and any other intellectual property related to fuel refill systems for fuel cells for handheld devices will be held in a licensing pool, which either party may license upon payment of a royalty fee. Both MTI Micro and Gillette will share in royalties related to the license of any intellectual property from the licensing pool.

The strategic alliance agreement is terminable by either party for cause at any time. In addition, either party may terminate the agreement without cause after the completion of tasks and acceptance of all deliverables relating to the OEM marketing calls and concept product development milestone and the engineering product design milestone, as defined in the agreement and the work plan, as amended.

On August 18, 2004, MTI Micro entered into an amendment to the multi-year strategic alliance agreement. The amendment clarified the nature of the deliverables for the third and fourth milestones in the work plan; added an additional milestone; and changed the due dates for the third and fourth milestones. MTI Micro also granted a non-exclusive license to Gillette to any improvements made by MTI Micro to intellectual property developed by Gillette.

In May 2005, MTI Micro worked collaboratively with Gillette and completed milestone No. 3 - the development of an engineering prototype with a replaceable fuel refill.

On June 20, 2005, MTI Micro entered into the second amendment to the multi-year strategic alliance agreement. The amendment added an additional milestone relating to product identification, suitability and OEM validation. The amendment also added an additional termination right, exercisable by either party, relating to such milestone.

On September 19, 2006, MTI Micro entered into the third amendment to the multi-year strategic alliance agreement with Gillette. The amendment allows MTI Micro to produce fuel cartridges with additional third party OEMs in support of its first Mobion^® consumer products. Also included is the expansion of the scope of work and the extension of a new milestone 4A to accommodate market penetration relating to emerging opportunities including new alliances. MTI Micro will continue to work together with Gillette in the development and mass market commercialization of fuel cells and cartridges.

E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company ("DuPont"): MTI Micro entered into an agreement with DuPont in August 2001 for the development and commercialization of DMFCs for portable electronics. This agreement expired in July of 2004 and was subsequently extended effective July 23, 2004 for an additional two years and both parties agreed to work together to jointly optimize DuPont's Nafion^® membrane technology for MTI Mobion^® fuel cell systems. This agreement expired in July of 2006.

MTI Micro is also party to a supply agreement with DuPont providing that MTI Micro must purchase a majority of any membrane it purchases for its fuel cell from DuPont for a period of five years, commencing with the first commercial sale of fuel cells in volume by MTI Micro, if DuPont can meet best price and best quality in the industry. DuPont owns a minority equity interest in MTI Micro.

Flextronics International USA, Inc. ("Flextronics"): In November 2004, MTI Micro entered into a Design Services Agreement with Flextronics for design and development, pre-production design manufacturing engineering, prototyping and first article manufacturing of MTI Micro's Mobion^® fuel cell systems. This contract is ongoing.

SES Americom Inc. ("SES Americom"): In December 2005, MTI Micro signed a Market Development Agreement with SES Americom, a world leader in satellite services and satellite-centric networks. As part of the agreement, the parties are working to determine and evaluate the use and integration of MTI Micro's Mobion^® technology into SES Americom products that may benefit from alternative energy sources such as fuel cells. The two companies continue to work jointly on market identification, the

5

development and delivery of prototypes, qualification processes for any resulting products and the development of a market entry strategy for those products.

Recent Grants , Contracts and Developments: During 2006, MTI received two purchase orders totaling $134 thousand from the Air Force Research Lab ("AFRL"). The purchase orders require the delivery of two 30 Watt platform fuel cell prototypes - Mobion^®30M's, twenty methanol fuel cartridge refills and initial training and technical support. AFRL intends to use these fuel cell evaluation kits in a program for the development of satellite communication terminals. As of the end of 2006, delivery of these units was scheduled for 2007.

During 2005, Saft America, Inc. ("SAFT") received a $1.0 million contract from the U.S. Army Communications Electronic Command ("CECOM") to develop an advanced soldier power system for military applications. MTI Micro is a subcontractor under this agreement and received a purchase order for $470 thousand, which was reduced in 2006 by $52 thousand to $418 thousand, due to a change in program. SAFT and MTI Micro agreed to jointly build, test and demonstrate a system that combines the benefits of both direct methanol fuel cells and lithium ion battery technology. This contract was completed in January 2007.

In January 2006, MTI Micro was notified by the U.S. Department of Energy ("DOE") of a reduction in funding levels to the Hydrogen, Fuel Cells & Infrastructure Technologies Program, MTI Micro would not receive its proportion of funding in 2006 for the $6,140 thousand, three-year, cost-shared development contract awarded to MTI Micro on August 1, 2004. Under this contract, DOE authorized $2,350 thousand of spending on a cost-shared basis which may ultimately result in $1,171 thousand of contract revenue. In February 2007, MTI Micro was notified by DOE that funding levels for this program had been reinstated, however, DOE has not yet issued us a funding notification for 2007. Thus, we cannot determine that funding for 2007 will be committed to this contract, or if MTI Micro will receive any further contract funding notifications.

During 2004, the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority ("NYSERDA") modified its original contract dated March 2002 to reflect the addition of Phase III for $348 thousand (Enhanced Energy Conversion Efficiency of Direct Methanol Fuel Cells - Validation and Testing) and Phase IV for $202 thousand (DMFCs for traffic sensors). The project supports DMFC technology development and commercialization efforts. Phase III of this contract was completed in 2005.

In October 2004, MTI Micro received two contracts to demonstrate energy density advantages and quantify potential logistical advantages of its Mobion^® fuel cells for the U.S. Armed Forces.

Marketing and Sales: In the New Energy segment, MTI Micro has an experienced sales and marketing organization. Pursuant to the Gillette strategic alliance agreement, Gillette and the Company have commenced a joint marketing effort to gather market information, generate and refine product roadmaps, establish key relationships, gather customer and OEM feedback, and launch products into the marketplace. MTI Micro regularly evaluates its target market by conducting primary and secondary research and actively meeting and speaking with key industry suppliers and OEMs. In addition, MTI Micro representatives attend and present at numerous conferences and trade shows for fuel cells, fuel cell development, batteries and other relevant target markets.

MTI Micro's Mobion^® technology has been recognized with four industry awards since 2004. MTI Micro received Frost & Sullivan's 2005 Fuel Cell Entrepreneurial Company of the Year award and its 2004 Technology Innovation Award, as well as accepting an award from Scientific American in recognition of its business leadership. Lastly, MTI Micro was honored in 2004 from Popular Science's Best of What's New as grand winner in the general innovations category.

Competition: We anticipate that the primary competitive considerations in MTI Micro's markets will be compatibility of DMFC power sources with portable electronic devices, requirements for power pack size, energy content, reliability and price. We also believe the first company to successfully introduce a DMFC product in the commercial markets will have significant advantages over its competitors. Many of MTI Micro's competitors have much greater access to capital, resources, component supplies,

6

manufacturing capacity and distribution channels than MTI Micro. As such, because of the nature of product development, we cannot accurately determine our competitors' progress in developing DMFCs and whether such competitors' development efforts exceed MTI Micro's development efforts to date.

We have analyzed MTI Micro's competition based, in part, on two separate components of the DMFC market: (1) companies developing and providing DMFCs producing greater than three watts of energy, particularly companies focused on providing power devices for notebook computers; and (2) companies developing DMFCs producing less than three watts of energy, for use in such appliances as Smartphones, digital cameras, MP3 players, and other hand held items. Within both of these categories, we have witnessed substantial changes during the last five years. Significant new competitors have emerged in Asia, Europe and in the United States. In addition, companies based in Japan, Korea, Germany and the United States have made patent filings in the United States for DMFC technologies.

Our primary focus in consumer markets is for hand held devices requiring less than 3 watts of energy. Based on publicly available information, we believe MTI Micro's major competitors in the less than three watt energy range is large Asian companies, such as Hitachi Ltd. ("Hitachi"), Fujitsu Limited ("Fujitsu"), Samsung, Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology ("SAIT"), NTT Docomo, Canon, Inc. ("Canon"), and Toshiba. These competitors have extensive patent portfolios and according to published reports, dedicated operations working on DMFCs and have publicly introduced prototypes within the last three years. Hitachi demonstrated DMFCs to be used as an external charger of mobile devices that are rechargeable via a USB interface, Toshiba demonstrated DMFCs in laptop computers, Samsung demonstrated a media player and a laptop docking station, while Canon demonstrated fuel cells for digital cameras.

MTI Micro also competes with a number of smaller companies, such as Medis Technologies Ltd., which announced a distribution and prototyping agreement with General Dynamics for military customers and a contract with Celestica in Ireland for the production and distribution of Power Packs.

Based on certain publicly available information, as of December 2006 we believed MTI Micro also faced significant competition in the greater than three watt energy range, and in particular from companies focused on providing power for notebook computers. In this segment, we believe our major competitors are large Japanese, Chinese, Korean and American companies, including but not limited to Canon, Casio Computer Company Ltd., Fujitsu, UltraCell, Hitachi, Matsushita Electric Works ("Panasonic"), NEC, Samsung, SAIT, Sanyo, and Toshiba. Each of these companies has greater access to resources than we do and, as a result of vertical integration, may have significant advantages in bringing products to market. We also consider the Germany-based Smart Fuel Cells AG ("Smart Fuel Cells") to be a significant competitor. Smart Fuel Cells has had products available in the market for four years. Other competitors include Protonex, a developer of fuel cell systems based on hydrogen proton exchange membrane technology, Millennium Cell, a developer of hydrogen battery technology for portable devices and Ultralife Batteries Inc., a developer of lithium batteries for military applications.

Intellectual Property and Proprietary Rights: MTI Micro relies on a combination of patent (both national and international), trade secret, trademark and copyright protection to protect its intellectual property ("IP"). MTI Micro's strategy is to apply for patent protection for all significant design requirements. Additionally, MTI Micro systematically analyzes the existing IP landscape for DMFCs to determine where the greatest opportunities for developing IP exist.

In addition, MTI Micro enters into standard confidentiality agreements with its employees and consultants and seeks to control access to and distribution of its proprietary information. Even with these precautions, it may be possible for a third party to copy or otherwise obtain and use our products or technology without authorization or to develop similar technology independently. In addition, effective patent, copyright and trade secret protection may be unavailable or limited in certain foreign countries.

As of December 31, 2006, MTI Micro has filed 84 U.S. patent applications, 26 of which have been awarded. Internationally, MTI Micro has filed 22 Patent Cooperation Treaty Applications, and has filed for National Phase Patent Protection for 11 pieces of intellectual property in multiple countries, including Japan, the European Union, and South Korea. MTI Micro has developed an extensive portfolio of patent applications in areas including fuel cell systems, components, controls, manufacturing processes and system packaging.

MTI Micro believes that the following patents are material to its business and that all of its patents may be significant to its future business activities:

7

In December 2000, MTI Micro licensed, on a non-exclusive basis, ten patent applications (eight issued and two abandoned) from Los Alamos National Laboratory ("LANL"). MTI Micro based its early DMFC systems work on these patents. MTI Micro has also licensed from LANL, on an exclusive basis, rights to European and Japanese counterpart applications for one LANL patent. In January 2005, MTI Micro and LANL modified the existing license such that it included, in its entirety, a total of nine issued U.S. patents. In April 2006, MTI Micro and LANL modified the existing license such that it included, in its entirety, a total of four issued U.S. patents. In this modification, changes were made to the license fees and royalties due under such license. MTI Micro also has licensing rights and obligations with respect to IP developed under agreements with Gillette, DuPont and other vendors.

Codes and Standards: MTI Micro is a leader in the development of codes and standards associated with direct methanol fuel cells. In 2004, MTI Micro became the world's first company to obtain micro fuel cell safety compliance certifications for a fuel cell product from Underwriter's Laboratory ("UL") and from CSA International ("CSA"). MTI Micro received United Nations ("UN") packaging certification and was deemed compliant by the U.S. Department of Transportation for worldwide cargo shipment of its methanol fuel cartridges.

In addition to being the first company to receive UL and CSA certification, MTI Micro worked to help develop the proposal adopted by the UN which gives methanol fuel cartridges their own classification, a significant step forward for MTI Micro and the industry. MTI Micro and others worked with regulatory bodies to create a first draft of the international standards for methanol safety and use, including those related to transport on commercial airplanes. At the same time, a number of presentations were made to various UN bodies in an effort to increase the understanding and acceptance of micro fuel cells and fuel cartridges. As a result of this effort, the International Civil Aviation Organization ("ICAO") technical instructions and the International Air Transport Association ("IATA") Dangerous Goods Regulations permit the carrying and use of certain fuel cell power systems and fuel cell cartridges containing methanol, butane and formic acid by passengers and crew. The provisions adopted by ICAO and IATA are embodied within IEC-62282-6-1, which was specifically adopted by the International Electrochemical Commission for fuel cell power systems and fuel cell cartridges as a complement to existing standards and regulatory requirements for consumer electronic products. Currently, the U.S. Department of Transportation is reviewing the ICAO and IATA air transport regulations for expected adoption in 2007.

As part of the vote from the ICAO safety panel in 2005, other fuels - such as hydrogen and sodium borohydride - were not approved for transport within civilian aviation cabins, outlining a possible barrier of entry into the business/leisure travel consumer market for those companies developing competing technologies with such fuels.

MTI Instruments is a worldwide supplier of metrology, portable balancing equipment and inspection systems for semiconductor wafers. MTI Instruments products use state-of-the-art technology to solve complex real world applications in numerous industries including automotive, semiconductor, commercial and military aviation and data storage. MTI Instruments is currently investing in extending their sales reach, including expanded sales coverage in both Europe and the Far East as well as a concentrated focus on internet marketing. Product investments share a common theme: incorporation of our product technology into larger value added systems that enable MTI Instruments to offer complete solutions that customers demand. MTI Instruments has industry recognized customer service and has worked with over 200 companies worldwide.

Products and Services: MTI Instruments has three product groups: general dimensional gauging, semiconductor and aviation. Our products consist of electronic, computerized gauging instruments for position, displacement and vibration applications for the design, manufacturing and test markets; semiconductor products for wafer characterization of semi-insulating and semi-conducting wafers for the semiconductor market; and engine balancing and vibration analysis systems for both military and commercial aircraft.

8

General Dimensional Gauging: MTI Instruments' Precision Instruments employ fiber optic, laser and capacitance technologies to make nano-accurate measurements in product design and quality related processes. Gauging products include laser, fiber-optic and capacitance systems that measure a variety of parameters including displacement, position, vibration and dimension.

Listed below are selected MTI Instruments' Precision Instruments product offerings:

Semiconductor: MTI Instruments' family of wafer metrology systems range from manually operated units to fully automated systems which test key wafer characteristics critical to producing high quality chips used in the semiconductor industry. These units are used as quality control tools delivering highly precise measurements for thickness variations, bow, warp, resistivity, and flatness. These systems can be used on substrates varying widely in size and materials.

Its semiconductor metrology systems include the following products:

Aviation: MTI Instruments' computer-based PBS products automatically collect and record aircraft engine vibration data, identify vibration or balance trouble in an engine and calculate a solution to the problem. These units are used and recommended by major aircraft engine manufacturers and are also used extensively by the U.S. Air Force, other military and commercial airlines and gas turbine manufacturers.

9

MTI Instruments' aviation and industrial vibration measurement systems products include vibration analysis and engine trim balance instruments and accessories for commercial and military jets. These products are designed to quickly pinpoint engine problems and eliminate unnecessary engine removals. Selected products in this area include:

Marketing and Sales: In the Test and Measurement Instrumentation segment, MTI Instruments markets its products and services using channels of distribution specific to each of its product groups and customer base. The general dimensional gauging product group markets it products through a combination of manufacturer representatives in the United States and distributors overseas. The semiconductor product group markets its products exclusively through domestic distributors and international sales representatives, while the aviation group primarily sells direct to the end user.

To supplement these efforts, the company utilizes both commercial and industrial search engines, targeted newsletters and appropriate trade shows to identify and expand its customer base.

Comparisons of sales by class of products, which account for over 10 percent of the Company's consolidated sales, are shown below for the years ended December 31:

Product Development and Manufacturing: MTI Instruments is working on expanding its range of capacitance products to increase penetration into new market segments. Management believes that the success of the enterprise depends to a large extent upon innovation, technological expertise and new product development. Initiatives are underway to bring new products to market during 2007 while continuing to develop advanced PBS systems for use in the military and commercial markets.

MTI Instruments' most recent product offerings include: in aviation, for 2006, introduction of the PBS-4100 Plus - an advanced and compact portable jet engine balancing and vibration diagnostics system for use by both military and commercial carriers.  In the general gauging area, the introduction of the MTI-2100 Fotonic™ Sensor - a "next generation" fiber-optic sensor for high-resolution, non-contact measurement of high frequency vibration and motion analysis. The amplifier replaced the MTI-2000 Fotonic Sensor. MTI Instruments also added the 1515 low-noise amplifier to its Accumeasure product line which is designed to meet the stringent requirements of brake rotor measurement applications in the automotive industry. In semiconductors, the introduction of the Proforma™ 300SA - a semi-automated tool for measuring thickness, total thickness variation, bow, warp, stress and flatness of 300mm wafers.

MTI Instruments assembles and tests its products at its facilities located in Albany, New York. MTI Instruments believes that its existing assembly and test capacity is sufficient to meet its current needs and short term future requirements. Management believes that most of the raw materials used in our products are readily available from a variety of vendors.

10

Intellectual Property and Proprietary Rights: MTI Instruments relies on trade secret laws and patents to establish and protect the proprietary rights of its products. In addition, MTI Instruments enters into standard confidentiality agreements with its employees and consultants and seeks to control access to and distribution of its proprietary information. Even with these precautions, it may be possible for a third party to copy or otherwise obtain and use our products or technology without authorization or to develop similar technology independently. In addition, effective patent and trade secret protection may be unavailable or limited in certain foreign countries. MTI Instruments has one patent issued supporting its semiconductor product line.

Significant Customers: MTI Instruments' largest customers are the U.S. Air Force and Koyo Precision ("Koyo"), its Japanese distributor. It also has relationships with companies in the manufacturing, semiconductor, automotive, aerospace, aircraft and research industries. In the Test and Measurement Instrumentation Segment, in 2006, the U.S. Air Force accounted for $1,774 thousand or 23.1% of product revenues while Koyo accounted for $1,757 thousand or 22.9%; in 2005, the U.S. Air Force accounted for $2,385 thousand or 39.7% of product revenues; and in 2004, the U.S. Air Force accounted for $3,508 thousand or 46.6% of product revenues. A loss of customers like the U.S. Air Force or Koyo could have a material adverse effect on this segment.

Recent Contracts: In 2002, MTI Instruments was awarded a multi-year U.S. Air Force contract to service and retrofit its existing fleet of PBS-4100 jet engine balancing systems with the latest diagnostic and balancing technology, which could potentially generate up to a total of $8,800 thousand in sales for the Company between the years 2002 and 2007. As of December 31, 2006, MTI Instruments had recorded $6,640 thousand in orders, approximately 75% of the five-year contract's total value.

Competition: MTI Instruments is subject to competition from several companies, many of which are larger than MTI Instruments and have greater financial resources. MTI Instruments' competitors include KLA-Tencor, Sigma Tech Corporation, Corning Tropel Corporation, Chadwick-Helmuth, ACES Systems, Micro-Epsilon, and Keyence Corporation. While MTI Instruments has a share of its respective specialized market segments, it does not consider its share to be dominant within its industry. The primary competitive considerations in MTI Instruments' markets are product quality, performance, price, timely delivery, and the ability to identify, pursue and bring new customers. MTI Instruments believes that its employees, product development skills, sales and marketing systems and reputation are competitive advantages.

The total number of employees of the Company and its subsidiaries was 132 as of December 31, 2006, as compared to 125 as of December 31, 2005. Fiscal 2006 employees include corporate operations and the Company's two subsidiaries, MTI Micro and MTI Instruments. Executives and staff were chosen for their acumen, ability and experience in areas critical to the execution of the Company's core business strategy.

Sale of Common Stock and Warrants: On December 15, 2006, the Company entered into definitive agreements to raise $10,900 thousand in gross proceeds through the sale of shares of its common stock and warrants to purchase shares of common stock to a group of three investors pursuant to the Company's existing shelf registration statement previously filed and declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). The Company entered into subscription agreements with these investors pursuant to which the Company agreed to sell a total of 6,055,556 shares of its common stock at $1.80 per share, which represents a 20.3% discount to the closing price on December 14, 2006, and to issue these investors five-year warrants to purchase up to an additional 3,027,778 shares of the Company's common stock at an exercise price of $2.27 per share.

Proceeds to the Company from this offering which closed on December 20, 2006, net of offering expenses and placement agency fees, total approximately $10,200 thousand. Net proceeds from the offering are expected to be used for general corporate purposes and to support further development and commercialization of the Company's award winning Mobion^® cord-free advanced portable power systems, through its subsidiary MTI Micro.

In connection with provisions of a 2004 private placement agreement entered into with Fletcher International, Ltd. ("Fletcher"), the Company was required to issue shares of its common stock to Fletcher upon the occurrence of certain events, including certain subsequent equity issuances such as this offering. As a result of a letter agreement dated as of December 7, 2006, which amended the relevant provisions of the Fletcher private placement agreement to reduce by 25% the number of shares to be issued to Fletcher, the Company issued to Fletcher 267,314 shares of the Company's common stock. In connection with a release dated January 5, 2007, between the Company and Fletcher, the Company is not required to register the resale by Fletcher of these shares with the SEC since these shares may be sold by Fletcher without registration pursuant to rule 144(k) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. In very limited circumstances, the Company may be required to register the resale of these shares in the future if requested by Fletcher.

11

Private Placement: The Company entered into a financing transaction with Fletcher on January 29, 2004 and amended the terms of such transaction on May 4, 2004. As of December 31, 2006, the expiration date of the agreement, Fletcher had purchased 2,680,671 shares of our common stock pursuant to such financing transaction. In addition, Fletcher had the right to purchase an additional $20.0 million of MTI common stock, on one or more occasions, at a price of $6.023 (adjusted from $6.34) per share at any time prior to December 31, 2006. Fletcher also had the right to receive Company shares without payment upon the occurrence of certain events, including but not limited to, failing to register for resale with the SEC shares purchased by Fletcher on the agreed upon time table, a restatement of the Company's financial statements, change of control of the Company and issuance of securities at a price below Fletcher's purchase price. We have filed registration statements covering all of the shares purchased by Fletcher to date and in the event of any additional purchases we are similarly obligated to file one or more registration statements covering the resale of such shares. In connection with the late effective date for the registration statement filed on January 6, 2005, the Company issued and registered 66,413 shares of common stock to Fletcher without any additional payment. At December 31, 2006, Fletcher owned 267,314 shares or 0.6% of the Company's common stock.

Gillette Company ("Gillette"): Gillette entered into a strategic alliance agreement with MTI Micro on September 19, 2003, whereby MTI Micro, Gillette and Gillette's Duracell business unit will seek to jointly develop and commercialize micro fuel cell products to power high-volume, low-power, hand-held and mass market portable consumer devices. This agreement was amended on September 19, 2006, June 20, 2005 and August 18, 2004. Pursuant to the agreement, Gillette purchased 1,088,278 shares of MTI Micro common stock (362,760 post 2004 1-for-3 reverse split) at a price of $.92 ($2.76 post 2004 1-for-3 reverse split) per share for $1.0 million. In connection with this agreement, Gillette may make additional investments of up to $4.0 million, subject to agreed milestones.

The Company's backlog of orders believed to be firm is as follows:

The backlog relates to contracts and purchase orders received from commercial customers and government agencies at MTI Instruments, with the dimensional gauging product line representing 75% of this amount.

Segment information is set forth in Note 18 - Geographic and Segment Information - of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements referred to in Item 8 below and incorporated herein by reference.

Recent Developments: See the discussion of "Recent Developments" in Item 1 of this Report.

The Company makes available through our website (http://www.mechtech.com), free of charge, our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports, filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with, or furnished, to the SEC. These reports may be accessed through the Company's website's Investor Relations page.

The public may read and copy any materials the Company files with the SEC at the SEC Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Room 1580, Washington, DC 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The Company files electronically with the SEC and the SEC maintains an Internet site (http://www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.

12

This Annual Report on Form 10-K and the documents we have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission that are incorporated by reference into this Form 10-K contain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Any statements contained, or incorporated by reference, in this Form 10-K that are not statements of historical fact may be forward-looking statements. When we use the words "anticipate," "estimate," "plans," "projects," "continuing," "ongoing," "expects," "management believes," "we believe," "we intend," "should," "could," "may," "will" and similar words or phrases, we are identifying forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve risks, uncertainties, estimates and assumptions which may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. These factors include, among others:

Except as may be required by applicable law, we do not undertake or intend to update or revise our forward-looking statements, and we assume no obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K as a result of new information or future events or developments. Thus, assumptions should not be made that our silence over time means that actual events are bearing out as expressed or implied in such forward-looking statements.

Our cash requirements depend on numerous factors, including completion of our product development activities, our success in commercializing our Mobion® fuel cell systems and market acceptance of Mobion® fuel cells. Before we can successfully commercialize Mobion® fuel cells, we must complete a number of critical activities, and certain events must occur, including further product development; manufacturing process development; development of large-scale production capabilities; completion, refinement and management of our supply chain; completion, refinement, and management of our distribution channel; and further work on codes and standards critical to consumer acceptance, including the existence of federal regulations that permit methanol in the passenger compartment of passenger airplanes. All of this will be expensive and require significant capital resources, well in

13

excess of all current resources available to us. We believe that we will need to raise additional funds to achieve commercialization of Mobion® fuel cells; however, we do not know whether we will be able to secure additional funding, or funding on acceptable terms to pursue our commercialization plans. We can raise funds in four ways: sale of our Plug Power shares, sale of our Company's stock, sale of MTI Micro stock and sale of other assets. If we secure additional funding, we may be forced to increase the number of Plug Power shares sold to fund operations, or reduce spending on micro fuel cell development. If additional funds are raised through the issuance of equity securities, the percentage ownership of our then current shareholders will be reduced. If adequate funds are not available to satisfy either short or long-term capital requirements, we may be required to limit operations in a manner inconsistent with our development and commercialization plans, which would materially adversely affect our business plans, prospects, results of operations and financial condition in future periods.

A large portion of revenues at MTI Instruments and MTI Micro for the next several years may come from government contracts. We can offer no assurance that we will be able to secure continued government funding. The loss of such contracts and the inability to obtain additional contracts could materially adversely affect our business plans, prospects, results of operations, cash flows and financial condition.

Measurement and gauging instrumentation, such as those produced at MTI Instruments, can be sold in large quantities to a relatively few customers when our technology is embedded in our customer's final product. This can lead to a few customers at MTI Instruments constituting a majority of the Company's consolidated product sales. MTI Instruments' top six customers represented approximately 62% of total product sales in 2006. Moreover, the top two customers (one of which is the U.S. Air Force) represented approximately 46% of total product sales in 2006. The loss of any significant portion of MTI Instruments' sales to any major customer, the loss of a single major customer or a material adverse change in the financial condition of any one of these customers could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition and financial results.

DMFCs are a new technology with many technical and engineering challenges still to be resolved. We cannot assure that we will be able to successfully resolve the technical and engineering challenges of DMFCs, or if we are successful, that such solutions will be commercially viable. Resolution of these technical and engineering issues requires substantial resources including financial, managerial and technical resources. We cannot assure that all of the necessary resources will be available to the degree, and at the times, that they are needed. If we are unable to successfully develop Mobion® fuel cells, our business plans, prospects, results of operations and financial condition would be materially adversely affected.

Gillette and its Duracell division's commitments in the strategic alliance agreement and the other agreements entered into as a part of the strategic alliance transaction (including those commitments relating to joint development, distribution, marketing and investment) with MTI Micro are subject to early termination. Either MTI Micro or Gillette may terminate the strategic alliance agreement for cause at any time and at certain pre-defined periods of time if technical milestones are not completed to the satisfaction of the other party. Gillette may also terminate the strategic alliance agreement prior to mass market commercialization if it decides not to establish fuel refill manufacturing capability.

The investment agreement with Gillette may be terminated if the strategic alliance agreement is terminated. In addition, any future investment by Gillette is conditioned upon MTI Micro reaffirming that the representations and warranties in the investment agreement are true as of the date of such investment. These representations and warranties include statements concerning ownership of intellectual property, and affirmations that MTI Micro is not infringing on the intellectual property of others and others are not infringing on MTI Micro's intellectual property. At this time we cannot determine whether MTI Micro will be able to make these statements as of the date of any potential future investments by Gillette, and the inability to make such statements could result in Gillette terminating the investment agreement.

14

Termination of MTI Micro's agreements with Gillette and its Duracell division would have material adverse consequences on MTI Micro's and the Company's business plans, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.

We cannot guarantee that MTI Micro will be able to develop commercially viable Mobion® fuel cell products in the military/industrial and consumer market on the timetable it anticipates, or at all. The commercialization of Mobion® fuel cell products requires substantial technological advances to improve the efficiency, functionality, reliability, cost, performance and environmental operating latitude of these systems and products and to develop commercial volume manufacturing processes for these systems and products. We cannot guarantee that MTI Micro will be able to develop the technology necessary for commercialization of Mobion® fuel cell products, or acquire or license the required technology from third parties. MTI Micro's failure to develop the technology necessary for high-volume commercialization of Mobion® fuel cells that are reliable, cost effective and present a value proposition to the customer will, in each case, have a material adverse effect on MTI Micro's and the Company's business plans, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.

Fuel cell systems represent emerging technologies, and we do not know whether consumers will adopt these technologies on a large scale or whether Original Equipment Manufacturers ("OEMs") will incorporate these technologies into their products. In particular, if a mass market fails to develop, or develops more slowly than anticipated, for methanol portable power applications, we may be unable to recover our expenditures to develop our fuel systems and may be unable to achieve or maintain profitability, any of which could negatively impact our business. Estimates for the development of a mass market for fuel cell products and systems have lengthened in recent years. Many factors that are beyond our control may have a negative effect on the development of a mass market for fuel cells and our fuel systems for methanol applications. These factors include the following:

The commercialization of MTI Micro's Mobion® fuel cell products depends upon MTI Micro's ability to significantly reduce the costs of these systems and products, since they are currently substantially more expensive than systems and products based on existing technologies, such as rechargeable batteries.

The price of our fuel cell products is dependent largely on material and other manufacturing costs. We are unable to offer any assurance that either we or a contract manufacturer will be able to reduce costs to a level which will allow production of a competitive product that the consumer finds attractive or that any product produced using lower cost materials and manufacturing processes will not suffer from a reduction in performance, reliability and longevity.

15

The production costs of our initial industrial and military products were higher than their sales prices. We recognize that successfully implementing our strategy and obtaining a significant share of the military, industrial and consumer markets requires that we offer our direct methanol fuel cell products at competitive prices, which can only be accomplished when production costs are cut substantially from current levels. If we are unable to produce direct methanol fuel cell products at competitive prices relative to alternative technologies and products, our target market customers will be unlikely to buy our fuel cell products.

The failure to achieve cost reductions may materially adversely affect MTI Micro's and the Company's business plans, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.

We cannot guarantee that Gillette will be able, or will choose, to develop, acquire or license commercially viable fuel refills for Mobion® fuel cell products on the timetable we anticipate, or at all. The commercialization of fuel refills for Mobion® fuel cell products requires substantial technological advances to improve the efficiency, functionality, reliability, cost and performance of these systems and products and to develop commercial volume manufacturing processes for these systems and products. Gillette's failure to supply fuel refills would have a material adverse effect on MTI Micro's and the Company's business plans, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.

Micro fuel cell systems for portable electronic devices represent an emerging market, and we do not know the extent to which our targeted distributors and resellers will want to purchase them and whether end-users will want to use them. The development of a viable market for our systems may be impacted by many factors that are out of our control, including:

If a viable market fails to develop, or develops more slowly than we anticipate, we may be unable to recover the losses we will have incurred to develop our product and we may be unable to achieve profitability, each of which would have a material adverse effect on our business plans, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.

We anticipate shipping field test ready military application Mobion® fuel cell products starting April 2007. We may experience difficulty in identifying customers for these initial and future applications, or if customers are identified, shipping units. We may experience problems with the fuel cells, including reliability issues, run time, customer acceptance or safety. If these military application fuel cell products experience failures, it could result in a material adverse effect on MTI Micro's and the Company's business plans and prospects.

Our Mobion® fuel cells are one of a number of alternative portable power energy solutions being developed as replacements for

16

batteries. Technological advances in existing battery technologies or other fuel cell technologies may render our micro fuel cell systems obsolete and this would materially adversely affect our business plans, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.

To be commercially useful, our Mobion® fuel cells must be integrated into products manufactured by OEMs. We cannot guarantee that OEMs will manufacture appropriate products or, if they do manufacture such products, that they will choose to use Mobion® fuel cells. Any integration, design, manufacturing or marketing problems encountered by OEMs could adversely affect the market for Mobion® fuel cells, which could have a material adverse effect on MTI Micro's and the Company's business plans, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.

Current airline and FAA regulations and certain international laws, regulations and treaties limit the amount and concentration of methanol that any passenger can carry aboard passenger planes. We believe that these regulations must change for mass commercialization of Mobion® fuel cell products to be possible. If regulatory changes approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization are implemented by the DOT, the FAA and other similar international bodies, this will permit direct methanol micro fuel cells and refill cartridges to be carried in the passenger compartment of airplanes. If these regulations do not change, it would materially adversely affect MTI Micro's ability to achieve mass commercialization of Mobion® fuel cell products and have a material adverse effect on MTI Micro's and the Company's business plans, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.

The Company sold common stock and warrants during December 2006. If this investor group exercises their warrants and a substantial amount of our common stock is sold in the public market, or even targeted for sale, it could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock and our ability to sell common stock in the future.

If we raise additional funds through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities in either the Company or MTI Micro, current shareholders' percentage ownership will be reduced. In addition, these transactions may dilute the value of common stock outstanding. Moreover, we may have to issue securities that may have rights, preferences and privileges senior to our common stock. We cannot assure that we will be able to raise additional funds on terms acceptable to us, if at all. If future financing is not available or is not available on acceptable terms, we may not be able to fund our future needs, which would have a material adverse effect on our business plans, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.

In recent years, hundreds of fuel cell patents have been issued worldwide. Many of these patents are broadly written and encompass basic and fundamental theories of how fuel cells should or could work. As we continue to develop our technology, our designs unknowingly may infringe on the patent or intellectual property rights of others. Whether our technology infringes or not, MTI Micro and our Company may become subject to lawsuits in which it is alleged that we have infringed on the intellectual property rights of others. We may also commence lawsuits against others who we believe are infringing upon MTI Micro's rights. Involvement in intellectual property litigation could result in significant expense to MTI Micro and our Company, adversely affecting the development of sales of the challenged product or intellectual property and diverting the efforts of our technical and management personnel, whether or not such litigation is resolved in our favor. In the event of an adverse outcome as a defendant or plaintiff in any such litigation, MTI Micro and the Company may, among other things, be required to:

17

We cannot guarantee that MTI Micro or the Company would be successful in such development or acquisition or that such license would be available upon reasonable terms. Any such development, acquisition or license could require the expenditure of substantial time and other resources and could have a material adverse effect on MTI Micro's and the Company's business plans, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.

The sale of Mobion® fuel cell products exposes MTI Micro and the Company to potential product liability claims that are inherent in methanol and products that use methanol. Methanol is flammable and therefore potentially dangerous. Any accidents involving MTI Micro's products or other methanol-based products could materially impede widespread market acceptance and demand for DMFCs which could have a material adverse effect on MTI Micro's and the Company's business plans and prospects. In addition, MTI Micro may be held responsible for damages beyond the scope of its insurance coverage. We also cannot predict whether MTI Micro will be able to maintain its insurance coverage on acceptable terms. Damages beyond the scope of MTI Micro's insurance coverage or the inability to maintain insurance coverage on acceptable terms would have a material adverse impact on MTI Micro's and the Company's business plans, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.

There are a number of other companies developing DMFCs. Some of our competitors may have better access to resources and capital than we do. Some of our competitors are much larger and have better access to manufacturing capacity, supply chains and distribution channels than we do. Some of our competitors may resolve technical or engineering issues before we do. Accordingly, one or more of our competitors may bring a mass commercial product to market before we do. In addition, one or more of our competitors may make a better or more cost effective product than we can make. Failure to get to market with the best and most cost competitive DMFC product before our competitors would have a material adverse effect on our business plans, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.

To date, we have focused primarily on research and development and have limited experience manufacturing micro fuel cell systems on a commercial basis. We can offer no assurance that either we, our contract manufacturers or any other party we partner with to volume-produce our products will develop efficient, automated, low-cost manufacturing capabilities and processes to meet the quality, price, engineering, design and production standards or production volumes required to successfully mass market our fuel cell products. Even if we or our contract manufacturers are successful in developing such manufacturing capability and processes, we do not know whether we or they will be timely in meeting our product commercialization schedule or the production and delivery requirements of potential customers. Failure to develop or procure such manufacturing capabilities will have a material adverse effect on the Company's business plans, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.

18

We believe that we will need to enter into additional strategic relationships in order to complete our current product development and commercialization plans on schedule. If we are unable to identify or enter into satisfactory agreements with potential partners, we may not be able to complete our product development and commercialization plans on schedule or at all, which would have a material adverse effect on our business plans, prospects, results of operations and financial condition. We may also need to scale back these plans in the absence of partners, which would materially adversely affect our future business plans, prospects, results of operations and financial condition. In addition, any arrangement with a strategic partner may require us to issue a material amount of equity securities to the partner or commit significant financial resources to fund our product development and commercialization efforts in exchange for their assistance or the contribution to us of intellectual property. Any such issuance of equity securities would reduce the percentage ownership of our then current shareholders, which would have a material adverse effect on our business plans, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.

We depend on third parties to supply many of the components of our Mobion® fuel cell systems. A supplier's failure to develop and supply components in a timely manner, or to develop or supply components that meet our quality, quantity or cost requirements, or our inability to obtain substitute sources of these components on a timely basis or on terms acceptable to us, would harm our ability to manufacture our fuel cell systems. In addition, to the extent that our supply partners use technology or manufacturing processes that are proprietary, we may be unable to obtain comparable components from alternative sources. Failure to do so will have a material adverse effect on our business plan, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.

Platinum and ruthenium are scarce natural resources and we are depending upon a sufficient supply of these commodities. While we do not anticipate significant near or long-term shortages in the supply of platinum or ruthenium, any such shortages would adversely affect our ability to produce commercially viable fuel cell systems or significantly raise the cost of producing our fuel cell systems.

There may be technical or engineering challenges we have not anticipated, issues of reliability for our device, an inability for our device to be integrated into existing electronic devices, difficulties in obtaining materials or components, or problems with manufacturing or distribution, and many other problems that we have not, and perhaps could not anticipate. All of these issues could delay or prohibit further releases of additional Mobion® fuel cell products, which would have a material adverse effect on our business plans, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.

We have established aggressive product development and commercialization milestones and dates for achieving development goals related to technology and design improvements. We use these milestones to assess our progress towards developing commercially viable fuel cell systems. Delays in our product development will likely have a material impact on our commercialization schedule. If we experience delays in meeting our development goals or if our micro fuel cell systems exhibit technical defects or if we are unable to meet cost, performance or manufacturing goals, including power output, useful life and reliability, our commercialization schedule will be delayed. In this event, potential purchasers of our initial commercial systems may choose alternative technologies and any delays could allow potential competitors to gain market advantages. We cannot assure that we will successfully achieve our milestones in the future and the failure to achieve such milestones would have a material adverse effect on our business plans, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.

We continue to undergo rapid change in the scope and breadth of our operations as we advance the development of our micro fuel cell products. Such rapid change is likely to place a significant strain on our senior management team and other resources. We will

19

be required to make significant investments in our engineering, logistics, financial and management information systems and to motivate and effectively manage our employees. Our business plans, prospects, results of operations and financial condition could be harmed if we encounter difficulties in effectively managing the budgeting, forecasting and other process control issues presented by such a rapid change.

The markets for high technology companies in particular have been volatile, and the market price of our common stock, which is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol "MKTY," has been and may continue to be subject to significant fluctuations. Fluctuations could be in response to operating results, announcements of technological innovations or new products by us, or by our competitors, patent or proprietary rights developments, and market conditions for high technology stocks in general. In addition, the stock market in recent years has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that sometimes have been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of individual companies. These market fluctuations, as well as general economic conditions, may adversely affect the market price of our common stock and the ability of shareholders to dispose of our common stock.

Our success will depend, in large part, upon our ability to attract, motivate and retain highly qualified scientists and engineers, as well as highly skilled and experienced management, sales and technical personnel. Competition for these personnel is intense and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in attracting, motivating or retaining key personnel. Our success depends, to a significant extent, upon a number of key employees, including members of senior management. The loss of the services of one or more of these senior executives or key employees, or the inability to continue to attract qualified personnel, could delay product development cycles or otherwise harm our business and could have a material adverse effect on our business plans, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.

As of December 31, 2006, we had an accumulated deficit of $95,385 thousand. For the year ended December 31, 2006, our net loss was $13,667 thousand, which includes a net gain of $4,289 thousand from sales of securities available for sale and an operating loss of $17,737 thousand. We expect to continue incurring net losses from operations until we can produce sufficient revenues to cover costs. In order to achieve profitability, we must successfully achieve all or some combination of the following:

Furthermore, we anticipate that we will continue to incur losses until we can produce and sell our fuel cell systems on a large-scale and cost-effective basis. Even if we do achieve profitability, we may be unable to sustain or increase our profitability in the future. Failure to do so will have a material adverse effect on our business plans, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.

A primary asset of the Company is the shares of Plug Power common stock it owns. As of December 31, 2006, the Company owned 2,589,936 shares of common stock in Plug Power, which is a publicly traded company. The market price of the Plug Power common stock may fluctuate due to market conditions and other conditions over which the Company has no control. Fluctuations in the market price of Plug Power's common stock may result in a reduction of resources available to fund operations which could result in our requiring additional funding sooner than anticipated.

20

The agreement between MTI Micro and Samsung dated May 16, 2006 contains one remaining prototype delivery date - April 30, 2007. The remaining prototype delivery has explicit technological specifications that have not been accomplished previously by MTI Micro. If MTI Micro experiences delays in its prototype deliveries, or if MTI Micro is unable to produce a prototype to meet these specifications, Samsung has the option to cancel the agreement and MTI Micro would not receive any further payments under this agreement. Termination of MTI Micro's agreement with Samsung would have a material adverse effect on MTI Micro's and the Company's business plans, prospects, results of operations and financial condition.

There is no assurance that MTI Instruments will continue to achieve its sales targets. A number of factors that could impact MTI Instruments achieving its sales goals include, but are not limited to:

None.

The Company leases office, manufacturing and research and development space in the following locations:

In management's opinion, the facilities are generally well maintained and adequate for our current needs and for expansion, if required. Management further believes that a lease renewal on reasonable terms for its New Energy and Other segment may be achieved.

At any point in time, the Company and its subsidiaries may be involved in various lawsuits or other legal proceedings. Such lawsuits could arise from the sale of products or services or from other matters relating to its regular business activities, compliance with various governmental regulations and requirements, or other transactions or circumstances. The Company does not believe there are any such proceedings presently pending which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition.

On September 9, 1998, Barbara Lawrence, the Lawrence Group, Inc. ("Lawrence") and certain other Lawrence-related entities ("Plaintiffs") initially filed suit in the Bankruptcy Court and the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York, which were subsequently consolidated in the District Court, against First Albany Corporation ("FAC"), the Company, Dale Church, Edward Dohring, Beno Sternlicht, Alan Goldberg and George McNamee (Church, Dohring, Sternlicht, Goldberg and McNamee are former Directors of the Company), Marty Mastroianni (former President and Chief Operating Officer of the Company), and thirty-three other individuals ("Defendants") who purchased a total of 820,909 shares (2,462,727 shares post split) of the Company's stock from the Plaintiffs. The case concerns the Defendants' 1997 purchase of the Company's common stock from the Plaintiffs at the price of $2.25 per share ($0.75 per share post split). FAC acted as Placement Agent for the Defendants in the negotiation and sale of the shares and in proceedings before the Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of New York, which approved the sale in September 1997.

Plaintiffs claim that the Defendants failed to disclose material inside information concerning Plug Power, LLC to the Plaintiffs and therefore the $2.25 per share ($0.75 per share post split) purchase price was unfair. Plaintiffs are seeking damages of $5.0 million plus punitive damages and costs. In April 1999, Defendants filed a motion to dismiss the amended complaint, which was denied by the Bankruptcy Court. On appeal in October 2000, Plaintiffs' cause of action was dismissed by the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York. In November 2000, Plaintiffs filed an appeal of that dismissal with the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. In June 2002, the Second Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the District Court decision and remanded the case for further consideration of the Plaintiffs' claims as motions to modify the Bankruptcy Court sale order. The Plaintiffs' claims have now been referred back to Bankruptcy Court for such consideration. In September 2003, the Bankruptcy Court issued an order permitting Plaintiffs to conduct limited discovery concerning how FAC formed an opinion about the Company's stock up until the date the Stock Purchase Agreement was executed. Discovery is ongoing.

The Company believes the claims have no merit and intends to defend them vigorously. The Company cannot predict the outcome of the claims nor reasonably estimate a range of possible loss given the current status of the litigation. Accordingly, no amounts have been reserved for this matter.

There were no matters submitted to a vote of the registrant's security holders during the fourth quarter of fiscal 2006.

22

MTI stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol MKTY. The following table sets forth high and low closing reported sale prices for our common stock as reported by the Nasdaq Global Market for the periods indicated:

Below is a line graph comparing the percentage change in the cumulative total return on the Company's common stock for the 63 month period ended December 31, 2006, based on the market price of the Company's common stock, with the total return of companies included within the NASDAQ Composite Index, and companies considered peers within the fuel cell industry (the "Peer Group"). The line graph also compares the total return of the Company's common stock with the total return of companies included within the Standard & Poor's ("S&P") 500 Index and companies included within the S&P Information Technology Index (collectively, the "Comparable Indices"). The calculation of total return assumes a $100 investment in the Company's common stock and the Comparable Indices as of October 1, 2001, including reinvestment of all dividends. The beginning measurement point was established by the market close on October 1, 2001, the first day of the Company's three month transition period when it changed its fiscal year end from September 30 to December 31.

In future years, the Company will discontinue using the S&P 500 Index and the S&P Information Technology Index in its Comparable Indices since the Company considers the use of the NASDAQ Composite Index and a Peer Group to be better comparisons for the Company, as its common stock is listed on the NASDAQ Global Market and the fuel cell industry has matured to the point that a Peer Group of publicly traded companies is meaningful. Companies within the Peer Group consist of Ballard Power Systems (Nasdaq: "BLDP"), Plug Power Incorporated (Nasdaq: "PLUG"), Medis Technologies Limited (Nasdaq: "MDTL"), FuelCell Energy Incorporated (Nasdaq: "FCEL") and Hydrogenics Corporation (Nasdaq: "HYGS"). Total return for the Peer Group was calculated on a market value capitalization weighted average basis at each data point in the graph.

23

As of February 28, 2007, the Company had approximately 550 holders of our common stock. However, management believes that a significant number of shares are held by brokers under a "nominee name" and that the number of beneficial shareholders of our common stock is approximately 15,400.

The payment of dividends is within the discretion of the Company's Board of Directors and will depend, among other factors, on earnings, capital requirements, and the operating and financial condition of the Company. The Company has never paid and does not anticipate paying dividends in the foreseeable future.

None.

None.

The following tables set forth selected financial data and other operating information of the Company. The selected statement of operations and balance sheet data for 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003 and 2002 as set forth below are derived from the audited financial statements of the Company. The information is only a summary and should be read in conjunction with the Company's audited financial statements and related notes and other financial information included herein and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."

24

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our accompanying Financial Statements and Notes thereto included within this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition to historical information, this Annual Report on Form 10-K and the following discussion contain statements that are not historical facts and are considered forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Act of 1995. Certain statements made in this document that state Management's intentions, hopes, goals, beliefs, expectations, projections, plans, anticipation, outlook or predictions of the future are forward looking statements. Such statements include, among others, estimates of cash needs and sources; our ability to meet cash needs in the future; MTI Micro's plans under its strategic alliance agreement with its fuel refill partner and its strategic alliance agreement with its consumer OEM; future prospects and applications for fuel cell systems; MTI's, MTI Micro's and MTI Instruments' future business prospects, technology and performance; the market potential for and progress MTI Micro is making in developing its Mobion fuel cells; the significance of any contracts, grants, awards, or other recognition that MTI Micro may receive; the timing or success of market entry, in either the vertical or horizontal markets by MTI Micro; MTI Micro's ability to meet its stated milestones on time, if at all; MTI, MTI Micro's and MTI Instruments' ability to increase or maintain sales into military and other governmental markets; the importance of any relationships we may have, and our ability to maintain those relationships going forward; MTI Micro's ability to produce products or prototypes consistent with any announced specifications or customer requirements, if at all; MTI Micro's ability to remain a leader in advancing codes and standards; and the importance of any patents or codes and standards. All forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this report, and MTI disclaims any duty to update such statements. It is important to note that the Company's actual results could differ materially from those projected in forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause the anticipated results not to occur include, among others, risks related to financing; uncertainties in development, manufacturing, competition and consumer demand for DMFCs; Gillette's ability to terminate its agreements with MTI Micro prior to commercialization of DMFCs; Samsung's ability to terminate its agreement with MTI Micro and other risk factors listed in Item 1A: Risk Factors.

Mechanical Technology Incorporated ("MTI" or the "Company"), a New York corporation, was incorporated in 1961. MTI operates in two segments, the New Energy segment which is conducted through MTI MicroFuel Cells, Inc. ("MTI Micro"), a majority-owned subsidiary, and the Test and Measurement Instrumentation segment, which is conducted through MTI Instruments, Inc. ("MTI Instruments"), a wholly owned subsidiary.

At its MTI Micro subsidiary, the Company's Mobion® cord-free power packs are being developed to replace current lithium ion and similar rechargeable battery systems in many hand-held electronic devices for the consumer and military markets. Mobion® power packs are based on direct methanol fuel cell ("DMFC") technology which has been recognized as enabling technology for advanced portable power sources by industry analysts. As the need for advancements in portable power increases, MTI Micro is developing Mobion® cord-free rechargeable power pack technology as a superior solution for powering the multi-billion dollar portable electronics market.

At its MTI Instruments subsidiary, the Company continues to be a worldwide supplier of precision non-contact physical measurement solutions, condition-based monitoring systems, portable balancing equipment and semiconductor wafer inspection tools. MTI Instruments' products use a comprehensive array of technologies to solve complex real world applications in numerous industries including manufacturing, semiconductor, commercial/military aviation, automotive and data storage. The Company's products consist of electronic gauging instruments for position, displacement and vibration applications within the design, manufacturing/production, test and research markets; semiconductor products for wafer characterization of semi-insulating and semi-conducting wafers within the semiconductor industry; and engine balancing and vibration analysis systems for both military and commercial aircraft.

MTI also co-founded and retains a minority interest in Plug Power, Inc. ("Plug Power") (NASDAQ: PLUG), a developer of clean, reliable, on-site energy products.

Our cash requirements depend on numerous factors, including completion of our micro fuel cell product development activities, ability to commercialize our micro fuel cell systems, market acceptance of our micro fuel cell systems and other factors. We expect to pursue the expansion of our operations through internal growth and strategic partnerships.

25

Several key indicators of our liquidity are summarized in the following table:

From inception through December 31, 2006, the Company has incurred net losses of $95,385 thousand and expects to incur losses as it continues micro fuel cell product development and commercialization programs. The Company expects that losses will fluctuate from year to year and that such fluctuations may be substantial as a result of, among other factors, sales of securities available for sale as well as the operating results of MTI Instruments and MTI Micro.

The Company's discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations is based upon the Company's consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements includes a summary of the Company's most significant accounting policies. The preparation of these financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates its estimates and judgments, including those related to revenue recognition, inventories, securities available for sale, income taxes, share-based compensation and derivatives. Management bases its estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. Management reviews critical accounting estimates with the Audit Committee of the Company's Board of Directors.

The significant accounting policies that management believes are most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results include the following:

Share-Based Payments: We grant options to purchase our common stock and award restricted stock to our employees and directors under our equity incentive plans. The benefits provided under these plans are share-based payments subject to the provisions of revised Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 123 ("FAS 123R"), Share-Based Payment, and Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") Staff Accounting Bulletin ("SAB") 107, Share-Based Payments. Effective January 1, 2006, we use the fair value method to apply the provisions of FAS 123R with the modified prospective application, which provides for certain changes to the method for valuing share-based compensation. The valuation provisions of FAS 123R apply to new awards and to awards that are outstanding on the effective date and subsequently modified. Under the modified prospective application, prior periods are not revised for comparative purposes. Share-based compensation expense recognized under FAS 123R for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $2,406 thousand. At December 31, 2006, total unrecognized estimated compensation expense related to non-vested awards granted prior to that date was $2,518 thousand, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.35 years.

Upon adoption of FAS 123R, we began estimating the value of share-based awards on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing model ("Black-Scholes model"). Prior to the adoption of FAS 123R, the value of each share-based award was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes model for the pro forma information required to be disclosed under FAS 123. The determination of the fair value of share-based payment awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model is affected by our stock price as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include, but are not limited to, our expected stock price volatility over the term of the awards, actual and projected employee stock option exercise behaviors, risk-free interest rate and expected dividends.

If factors change and we employ different assumptions in the application of FAS 123R during future periods, the compensation expense that we record under FAS 123R may differ significantly from what we have recorded in the current period. Therefore, we believe it is important for investors to be aware of the high degree of subjectivity involved when using option-pricing models to estimate share-based compensation under FAS 123R. Option-pricing models were developed for use in estimating the value of traded options that have no vesting or hedging restrictions, are fully transferable and do not cause dilution. Because our share-based payments have characteristics significantly different from those of freely traded options, and because changes in the subjective input

26

assumptions can materially affect our estimates of fair values, in our opinion, existing valuation models, including the Black-Scholes Option Pricing model, may not provide reliable measures of the fair values of our share-based compensation. Consequently, there is a risk that our estimates of the fair values of our share-based compensation awards on the grant dates may bear little resemblance to the intrinsic values realized upon the exercise, expiration, cancellation or forfeiture of those share-based payments in the future. Certain share-based payments, such as employee stock options, may expire worthless or otherwise result in zero intrinsic value as compared to the fair values originally estimated on the grant date and expensed in our financial statements. Alternatively, value may be realized from these instruments that are significantly in excess of the fair values originally estimated on the grant date and expensed in our financial statements. There is currently neither a market-based mechanism nor other practical application to verify the reliability and accuracy of the estimates stemming from these valuation models, nor a way to compare and adjust the estimates to actual values. Although the fair value of employee share-based awards is determined in accordance with FAS 123R and SAB 107 using a qualified option-pricing model, that value may not be indicative of the fair value observed in a willing buyer/willing seller market transaction. Estimates of share-based compensation expenses are significant to our financial statements, but these expenses are based on the aforementioned option valuation model and will never result in the payment of cash by us.

The guidance in FAS 123R and SAB 107 is still relatively new, and best practices are not well established. The application of these principles may be subject to further interpretation and refinement over time. There are significant differences among valuation models, and there is a possibility that we will adopt different valuation models in the future. This may result in a lack of consistency in future periods and materially affect the fair value estimate of share-based payments. It may also result in a lack of comparability with other companies that use different models, methods and assumptions.

Theoretical valuation models and market-based methods are evolving and may result in lower or higher fair value estimates for share-based compensation. The timing, readiness, adoption, general acceptance, reliability and testing of these methods is uncertain. Sophisticated mathematical models may require voluminous historical information, modeling expertise, financial analyses, correlation analyses, integrated software and databases, consulting fees, customization and testing for adequacy of internal controls.

For purposes of estimating the fair value of stock options granted during the year ended December 31, 2006 using the Black-Scholes model, we used the historical volatility of our stock for the expected volatility assumption input to the Black-Scholes model, consistent with the guidance in FAS 123R and SAB 107. The risk-free interest rate is based on the risk-free zero-coupon rate for a period consistent with the expected option term at the time of grant. We do not currently pay nor do we anticipate paying dividends, but we are required to assume a dividend yield as an input to the Black-Scholes model. As such, we use a zero dividend rate. The expected option term is estimated using both historical term measures and projected termination estimates.

Revenue Recognition: The Company recognizes revenue from development contracts based upon the relationship of actual costs to estimated costs to complete the contract. These types of contracts typically provide development services to achieve a specific scientific result relating to DMFC technology. Some of these contracts require the Company to contribute to the development effort. The customers for these contracts are both commercial customers and various state and federal government agencies. While government agencies are providing revenue, we do not expect the government to be a significant end user of the resulting products. Therefore, the Company does not reduce funded research and product development expense by the funding received. When it appears probable that estimated costs will exceed available funding on fixed price contracts, and the Company is not successful in securing additional funding, the Company records the estimated additional expense before it is incurred. The Company had a $66 thousand accrual for contract losses for the year ended December 31, 2006.

The Company applies the guidance in SAB No. 104, Revenue Recognition, in the evaluation of commercially funded fuel cell research and prototype agreements in order to determine when to properly recognize income. Payments received in connection with commercial research and prototype agreements are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the agreement for service-related payments, and for milestone and prototype delivery payments, if and when achieved, revenue is deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the agreement. When revenue qualifies for recognition it will be recorded as funded research and development revenue. The costs associated with research and prototype-producing activities are expensed as incurred. Expenses in an amount equal to revenues recognized are reclassified from unfunded research and product development to funded research and product development.

The Company also recognizes revenue from product sales in accordance with SAB No. 104. Product revenue is recognized when there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, delivery of the product to the customer or distributor has occurred, at which time title generally is passed to the customer or distributor, and the Company has determined that collection of a fixed fee is probable, all of which occur upon shipment of the product. If the product requires installation to be performed by the Company, all revenue related to the product is deferred and recognized upon the completion of the installation.

27

Inventory: Inventory is valued at the lower of cost or the current estimated market value of the inventory. We periodically review inventory quantities on hand and record a provision for excess and/or obsolete inventory based primarily on our estimated forecast of product demand, as well as based on historical usage. Demand and usage for products and materials can fluctuate significantly. A significant decrease in demand for our products could result in a short-term increase in the cost of inventory purchases and an increase of excess inventory quantities on hand. Therefore, although we make every effort to ensure the accuracy of our forecasts of future product demand, any significant unanticipated changes in demand could have a significant impact on the value of our inventory and our reported operating results.

Income Taxes: As part of the process of preparing our consolidated financial statements, the Company is required to estimate its income taxes in each of the jurisdictions in which it operates. This process involves the estimation of our actual current tax exposure together with assessing temporary differences resulting from differing treatment of items for tax and accounting purposes. Included in this assessment is the determination of net operating loss carry forwards. These differences result in a net deferred tax asset. The Company must assess the likelihood that its deferred tax assets will be recovered from future taxable income and, to the extent that the Company believes that recovery is not likely, it must establish a valuation allowance.

Significant management judgment is required in determining our provision for income taxes, our deferred tax assets and liabilities and any valuation allowance recorded against our net deferred tax assets. We have recorded a valuation allowance due to uncertainties related to our ability to realize certain net deferred tax assets, primarily consisting of net operating losses being carried forward. In the event that actual results differ from these estimates or we adjust these estimates in future periods, we may need to adjust the recorded valuation allowance, which could materially impact our financial position and results of operations. The Company has recorded a full valuation allowance against its net deferred tax assets of $18,815 thousand as of December 31, 2006. This valuation allowance is due to uncertainties related to our ability to realize certain of these assets. The valuation allowance is based on estimates of the recoverability of certain net operating losses. In the event actual results differ from these estimates or we adjust these estimates in future periods we may need to adjust our valuation allowance which could materially impact our financial position and results of operations.

Derivative Instruments: The Company has held or issued certain derivative instruments and embedded derivative instruments and records these derivatives and embedded derivative instruments separate from the host contract in accordance with SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended by SFAS No. 138, Accounting for Certain Derivative Instruments and Certain Hedging Activities. These standards require the Company to recognize all derivative instruments as either assets or liabilities on the statement of financial position and measure these instruments at fair value. Fair values are estimated using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model. Fair value estimates are subject to significant change between periods due to fluctuations of the variables used in the model.

Results of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2006 Compared to December 31, 2005: The following is management's discussion and analysis of certain significant factors, which have affected the Company's results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2006 compared to the year ended December 31, 2005.

Product Revenue: Product revenue in the Test and Measurement Instrumentation segment for 2006 increased by $1,655 thousand, or 27.5%, to $7,667 thousand. This performance is primarily the result of an increase of $1,475 thousand, or 55.0%, in dimensional gauging sales, particularly direct capacitance sales through our Japanese distributor; increases in semiconductor sales of $200 thousand, as eighteen manual, one automatic and one semi-automated metrology tool systems were sold during the year, compared to seven manual, one semi-automated and four OEM systems during 2005; commercial aviation equipment sales increases of $539 thousand; and partially offset by lower revenue from the U.S. Air Force of $611 thousand due to fewer purchases of new equipment and reduced activity under the existing repair contract.

In the Test and Measurement Instrumentation segment, in 2006 the U.S. Air Force accounted for $1,774 thousand, or 23.1%, of product revenues; in 2005, the U.S. Air Force accounted for $2,385 thousand, or 39.7%, of product revenues. During 2006, Koyo Precision, our Japanese distributor, represented $1,757 thousand or 22.9% of segment revenue.

Information regarding government contracts included in product revenue is as follows:

28

Funded Research and Development Revenue: Funded research and development revenue in the New Energy segment for 2006 decreased by $1,340 thousand, or 73.3%, to $489 thousand. The decrease in revenue is primarily the result of the suspension of previously approved DOE funding for 2006 and the completion of other programs which were active in 2005, including programs with the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority ("NYSERDA"), the Army Research Labs ("ARL"), the Marine Corps, the Cabot Superior Micro Powders ("CSMP") subcontract with the National Institute of Standards and Technology ("NIST"), and Harris. This decrease was partially offset by revenue recognized from the Samsung Alliance Agreement totaling $427 thousand.

Information regarding government and private company development contracts included in funded research and development revenue is as follows:

(1) This is a subcontract with SAFT America, Inc. ("SAFT") under the U.S. Army CECOM contract. The purchase order received in connection with this subcontract was revised on November 14, 2006 eliminating Milestone 4. As a result, the contract value was reduced from $470 thousand to $418 thousand and the expiration date was extended from September 30 to December 31, 2006.

(2) Total contract value is $1,250 thousand consisting of four Phases: Phase I for $500 thousand was from March 12, 2002 through September 30, 2003; Phase II for $200 thousand was from October 28, 2003 through October 31, 2004; Phase III for $348 thousand was from August 23, 2004 through August 31, 2005; and Phase IV for $202 thousand which commenced on December 14, 2004 and expired on June 30, 2006. Phases I, II and III have been completed. Phase IV expired before it was completed and the Company is working to reinstate this phase.

(3) This is a subcontract with CSMP under NIST and includes the original contract for $200 thousand and a contract amendment for $10 thousand.

(4) This contract includes the original contract for $200 thousand, an amendment for $50 thousand and a 2005 amendment reducing the contract by $100 thousand.

(5) Dates represent expiration of contract, not date of final billing.

(6) This contract includes one up-front payment of $750 thousand and two milestone payments totaling $250 thousand for the delivery of acceptable prototypes.

(7) DOE funding for this contract was suspended in 2006. It is not clear when and if funding will continue on this contract. If additional funding is made available for this contract, the Company expects to request a contract modification and expiration extension.

Contract Type A - Fixed Price Contract.

Contract Type B - Cost Shared Contract.

Contract Type C - Research and Prototype Contract.

Cost of Product Revenue: Cost of product revenue in the Test and Measurement Instrumentation segment for the year ended December 31, 2006 increased by $519 thousand, or 21.8%, to $2,900 thousand. This increase coincides with the higher sales volume for 2006 compared to 2005.

Gross profit as a percentage of product revenue increased by 1.8% to 62.2% for the year ended December 31, 2006. The improvement in gross margin during 2006 is primarily due to a five point rise in average margins on capacitance product sales due to higher sales volume and improved pricing strategies.

Funded Research and Product Development Expenses: New energy segment expenses decreased by $2,403 thousand, or 67.6%, to $1,152 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2006. The decreased costs were attributable to active contracts in 2005 which are no longer active in 2006. For the year ended December 31, 2006, MTI Micro had active contracts with Samsung, DOE and SAFT while in 2005, active contracts were with DOE, NYSERDA, SAFT, NIST, ARL and the Marine Corps.

29

Unfunded Research and Product Development Expenses: Unfunded research and product development expenses increased by $5,653 thousand, or 92.4%, to $11,769 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2006 in comparison to 2005. This increase reflects a $5,445 thousand increase in the New Energy segment related to increased internal costs for the development of micro fuel cell systems and costs in connection with developing prototypes and product intent prototypes, including a $512 thousand non-cash charge for share-based compensation resulting from the adoption of SFAS No. 123R, which requires that the fair value of share-based compensation be expensed. This increase also includes a $208 thousand increase in product development expenses in the Test and Measurement Instrumentation segment for projects related to the development of a glass thickness gauge, improvements to the portable engine vibration and balancing system and updated industrial balancing software.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses: Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $815 thousand, or 7.5%, to $10,072 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2006 in comparison to the year ended December 31, 2005. This decrease is primarily the result of the following changes: an $892 thousand increase in non-cash equity compensation charges resulting from the adoption of SFAS No. 123R, which requires that the fair value of share-based compensation be expensed; a $1,113 thousand decrease in salaries and engineering management costs, due in part, to an increase in costs directly charged to research and product development and the elimination of the Government Systems group during the second quarter of 2005; a $640 thousand decrease related to increases in liquidations to unfunded research and development costs, which is a result of the Company charging more time to internal development projects for low power and high power technology platform developments, the development of prototypes for Samsung and the development of the Mobion^®30M product; a $259 thousand decrease in LANL license fees due to an amendment of the license agreement, which resulted in reduced minimum annual license payments; a $152 thousand decrease in depreciation costs primarily related to the renewal of the lease on the Company's main office; a $104 thousand increase in commission costs at MTI Instruments; a $131 thousand increase in incentive compensation primarily related to new executive employment agreements; a $261 thousand increase in marketing costs as MTI Micro raised their emphasis on marketing and business development while MTI Instruments underwent a major rebranding campaign during 2006; and a $39 thousand decrease in other expenses, net.

Operating Loss: Operating loss for the year ended December 31, 2006 in comparison to the year ended December 31, 2005 increased by $2,639 thousand to $17,737 thousand, a 17.5% increase, due to the factors noted above.

Gain on Sale of Securities Available for Sale: Results for the year ended December 31, 2006 included a $4,289 thousand gain on sale of securities available for sale compared to a $10,125 thousand gain for 2005. During the year ended December 31, 2006, the Company sold 1,103,500 shares of Plug Power common stock at a weighted average price of $5.66 per share, with gross proceeds to the Company of $6,249 thousand.

On June 24, 2005, Fletcher notified the Company of its election to exercise in full its right to purchase from the Company a quantity of common stock of Plug Power. As a result of this election, Fletcher purchased 1,799,791 shares of Plug Power common stock from the Company at a price of $0.7226 per share, with proceeds to the Company of $1,301 thousand. In connection with this exercise, the Company recognized a loss on this embedded derivative immediately prior to exercise of $7,173 thousand and a gain on the sale of Plug Power common shares of $9,635 thousand.

Gain (loss) on Derivatives: The Company recorded a gain on derivative accounting of $182 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2006 and a loss of $10,407 thousand on derivative accounting for the year ended December 31, 2005. The 2006 gain is the result of derivative treatment of the freestanding warrants issued in conjunction with the Company's December 2006 capital raise, while the 2005 result relates to an embedded derivative for the purchase of Plug Power common stock, which was issued as part of the 2004 private placement transaction. The warrant derivative was valued using the Black Scholes pricing model, as was the embedded derivative prior to its exercise on June 24, 2005. Upon exercise, the embedded derivative was valued at its intrinsic value.

Income Tax (Expense) Benefit: The income tax expense rate for the year ended December 31, 2006 was 15%, while the income tax expense rate for the year ended December 31, 2005 was 11%. These tax rates are primarily due to losses generated by operations, changes in the valuation allowance and disproportionate effects of reclassification of gains on Plug Power security sales included in net income.

The valuation allowance at December 31, 2006 was $18,815 thousand and at December 31, 2005 was $10,923 thousand. The Company determined that it was more likely than not that the ultimate recognition of certain deferred tax assets would not be realized.

30

Results of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2005 Compared to December 31, 2004: The following is management's discussion and analysis of certain significant factors, which have affected the Company's results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2005 compared to the year ended December 31, 2004.

Product Revenue: Product revenue in the Test and Measurement Instrumentation segment for 2005 decreased by $1,518 thousand, or 20.2%, to $6,012 thousand. This decrease is primarily the result of decreased sales to aviation customers of $1,014 thousand reflecting the September 2004 expiration of a U.S. Air Force contract which accounted for $1,447 thousand of product revenue in 2004; decreases of $798 thousand in semiconductor product sales reflecting the shipment of seven manual units, one semi-automated unit and four OEM machines during 2005 as compared to twelve manual units, five semi-automated units, five OEM machines and two AutoScan units for the same period in 2004; partially offset by increases in sales to general gauging customers of $294 thousand related to increases in capacitance product sales and an increase in business generated by the Company's Japanese distributor.

In the Test and Measurement Instrumentation segment, in 2005 the U.S. Air Force accounted for $2,385 thousand, or 39.7%, of product revenues; in 2004, the U.S. Air Force accounted for $3,508 thousand, or 46.6%, of product revenues.

Information regarding government contracts included in product revenue is as follows:

Funded Research and Development Revenue: Funded research and development revenue in the New Energy segment for 2005 increased by $789 thousand to $1,829 thousand, a 75.9% increase. This increase is the result of increases of $751 thousand from the U.S. Department of Energy ("DOE"), $250 thousand from the U.S. Army, $224 thousand from the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority ("NYSERDA"), $150 thousand from the Harris Corporation ("Harris"), $70 thousand from the U.S. Marine Corps partially offset by decreases from the National Institute of Standards and Technology ("NIST") contract's completion in 2004 when it contributed $446 thousand, the Army Research Laboratories contract's completion in 2004 when it contributed $200 thousand, and a $10 thousand decrease from the Cabot Superior Micro Powders ("CSMP") NIST subcontract.

Information regarding government contracts included in funded research and development revenue is as follows:

(1) This is a subcontract with SAFT America, Inc. ("SAFT") under the U.S. Army CECOM.

(2) Total contract value is $1,250 thousand consisting of four Phases: Phase I for $500 thousand was from 3/12/02 thru 9/30/03; Phase II for $200 thousand was from 10/28/03 with a completion date of 10/31/04; Phase III for $348 thousand was from 8/23/04 through 8/31/05; and Phase IV for $202 thousand which commenced on 12/14/04 and expires on 6/30/06. Phases I and II have been completed and the final report for Phase III has been accepted. Retainage will be billed upon acceptance of final report incorporating all completed phases of the contract.

(3) This is a subcontract with CSMP under NIST and includes the original contract for $200 thousand and a contract amendment for $10 thousand.

(4) This contract includes the original contract for $200 thousand, an amendment for $50 thousand and a 2005 amendment reducing the contract by $100 thousand.

(5) This contract was a joint venture with DuPont. DuPont's share of the contract revenue was $1,300 thousand.

31

(6) Dates represent expiration of contract, not date of final billing.

Contract Type A - Fixed Price Contract.

Contract Type B - Cost Shared Contract.

Cost of Product Revenue: Cost of product revenue in the Test and Measurement Instrumentation segment for the year ended December 31, 2005 decreased by $496 thousand, or 17.2%, to $2,381 thousand. This decrease coincides with the lower sales volume for 2005 compared to the same period in 2004, which included lower aviation and semiconductor sales partially offset by increases in general gauging sales.

Gross profit as a percentage of product revenue decreased by 1.4% to 60.4% for the year ended December 31, 2005. This decrease is primarily attributable to the reduction in U.S. Air Force shipments.

Funded Research and Product Development Expenses: Funded research and product development expenses in the New Energy segment decreased by $485 thousand, or 12.0%, to $3,555 thousand for the year ended December 31, 2005. The decreased costs were attributable to a change in contracts under development during 2005 and the completion of contracts during 2004. The majority of costs for 2005 were incurred under the DOE and NYSERDA contracts while the majority of costs for the comparable period were incurred under the NIST, ARL, Harris and U.S. Army contracts.

Unfunded Research and Product Development Expenses: Unfunded research and product development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2005 decreased by $2,804 thousand, or 31.4%, to $6,116 thousand. This decrease reflects a $2,780 thousand decrease for the New Energy segment reflecting decreased internal development costs for our micro fuel cell system for Intermec since the Intermec product was completed in the fourth quarter of 2004 and development costs in connection with Gillette, accounting for $2,379 thousand of the decrease. Although overall research and development spending on the Gillette initiative had decreased from the prior year, this was a planned decrease due to an increased emphasis on product identification and marketing requirements during 2005. This decrease also includes a $24 thousand decrease for the Test and Measurement Instrumentation segment. Test and Measurement Instrumentation product development in 2005 includes costs for improvements for the Microtrak II product, a high temperature capacitance gauge to serve the brake rotor market and the development of balancing software for the industrial market.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses: Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2005 totaled $10,887 thousand, an increase of $4,562 thousand, or 72.1%. These increases are primarily the result of the following changes: a $995 thousand increase in non-cash stock-based compensation charges; a $2,077 thousand increase in salary and benefits related, in some part, to an increase in engineering management costs not directly charged to research and product development, an increase in the number of employees working in government and military relations, strategic planning and business development as well as corporate support employees related to Sarbanes-Oxley compliance, an expanded sales organization at MTI Instruments and CEO and employee recruiting costs; increased costs of $543 thousand related to consulting and other professional fees (including increases of approximately $387 thousand of costs related to consultants for government relations, business development, finance and information technology, $469 thousand of costs related to Sarbanes-Oxley compliance and the SEC review of the Company's filings, $106 thousand of legal costs related to SEC and general corporate matters, partially offset by decreases of $300 thousand in advisory fees and $148 thousand in legal fees related to the 2004 private placement amendment); increased depreciation expense of $341 thousand due to an increase in capital expenditures; an increase of $130 thousand in licensing and patent fees related to agreements with LANL; increased costs of $437 thousand related to costs which were liquidated to research and development costs in the prior year; and a $39 thousand increase in other expenses, net.

Operating Loss: The year ended December 31, 2005 yielded an operating loss of $15,098 thousand, an increase of $1,506 thousand from 2004, or 11.1%. This change results primarily from increases in selling, general and administration expense as well as decreases in gross profits from product revenues in the Test and Measurement Instrumentation segment partially offset by increases in funded research and development revenue in the New Energy segment and decreases in funded and unfunded research and product development expenses.

Gain on Sale of Securities Available for Sale: Results for the year ended December 31, 2005 included a $10,125 thousand gain compared to the prior year ended December 31, 2004, gain of $3,626 thousand. During 2005, the Company sold 100,000 shares of Plug Power common stock at a price of $6.68 per share, with proceeds to the Company of $668 thousand. On June 24, 2005, Fletcher notified the Company of its election to exercise in full its right to purchase from the Company certain shares of common stock of Plug Power. As a result of this election, Fletcher purchased 1,799,791 shares of Plug Power common stock from the Company at a price of $0.7226 per share, with proceeds to the Company of $1,301 thousand. This transaction closed on June 28, 2005 and, in connection with this exercise, the Company recognized a loss on the derivative immediately prior to exercise of $7,173 thousand and a gain on the sale of Plug Power common shares of $9,635 thousand.

32

Gain (loss) on Derivatives: The Company recorded a loss of $10,407 thousand and a gain of $614 thousand on derivative accounting for 2005 and 2004, respectively. These results relate to the embedded derivative for the purchase of Plug Power common stock, which is part of the 2004 private placement transaction, and the January 2004 expiration of the SatCon warrants. Changes in derivative fair values for the embedded derivative and the SatCon warrants are calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model or upon exercise the intrinsic value method.

Income Tax (Expense) Benefit: The income tax expense rate for the year ended December 31, 2005 was 11% compared to the income tax benefit rate for the year ended December 31, 2004 of 39%. These tax rates are primarily due to losses generated by operations, changes in the valuation allowance and the projected annual effective tax rate adjustments.

The Company established a valuation allowance of $10,923 thousand at December 31, 2005 compared to $1,836 thousand at December 31, 2004. The Company determined that it was more likely than not that the ultimate recognition of certain deferred tax assets would not be realized.

Further, as a result of ownership changes in 1996, the availability of $561 thousand of net operating loss carry-forwards to offset future taxable income will be limited pursuant to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

The Company has incurred significant losses as it continues to fund MTI Micro's DMFC product development and commercialization programs. The Company expects that losses will fluctuate from year to year and that such fluctuations may be substantial as a result of, among other factors, sales of securities available for sale, the operating results of MTI Instruments and MTI Micro, the availability of equity financing, including warrants issued in connection with the December 2006 capital raise, and the ability to attract government funding resources to offset research and development costs. As of December 31, 2006, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $95,385 thousand. During the year ended December 31, 2006, the Company's results of operations resulted in a net loss of $13,667 thousand and cash used in operating activities totaling $12,706 thousand. This cash use in 2006 was funded primarily by cash and cash equivalents on hand as of December 31, 2005 of $11,230 thousand and proceeds from the sales of securities available for sale of $6,249 thousand. During December 2006, the Company sold common stock and warrants to purchase common stock for net proceeds after expenses of approximately $10,200 thousand. The Company expects to continue to incur losses as it seeks to develop and commercialize Mobion^® fuel cell systems and it expects to continue funding its operations from current cash and cash equivalents, the sales of securities available for sale, proceeds, if any, from equity financings, including warrants issued in connection with the December 2006 capital raise, and government funding. Subsequent to December 31, 2006, the Company made changes to its MTI Micro operations, see "Recent Developments" in Item 1: Business, New Energy Segment. The Company originally expected to spend approximately $9,810 thousand on research and development of Mobion^® fuel cells and $1,450 thousand in research and development on MTI Instruments' products during 2007, however, subsequent to the suspension of the MTI Micro high power program, the Company now expects to spend approximately $5,879 thousand on research and development of Mobion^® fuel cells.

There can be no assurance that the Company will not require additional financing during 2007 or that any additional financing will be available to the Company on terms acceptable to the Company, if at all. The Company's original 2007 plan expected to use cash totaling approximately $16,229 thousand to support operations and to use approximately $675 thousand for capital expenditures. Subsequent to the decision to suspend MTI Micro's high power program, it now forecasts to use cash totaling approximately $12,043 thousand to support operations and approximately $524 thousand for capital expenditures. Capital expenditures will consist of purchases for furniture, computer equipment, software and manufacturing and laboratory equipment. Based on the Company's original 2007 plan, it believed it would have adequate resources to fund operations and capital expenditures through May of 2008, relying on current cash and cash equivalents, current cash flow and revenue projections, and the potential sale of securities available for sale based on December 31, 2006 market values. Subsequent to the decision to suspend MTI Micro's high power program, the Company now believes it will have adequate resources to fund operations and capital expenditures through September of 2008, taking into consideration the impact of the suspension of the high power program as well as recent market decline in the value of the Company's Plug Power stock holdings. Proceeds from the sale of securities available for sale are subject to fluctuations in the market value of Plug Power. The Company may also seek to supplement its resources through additional equity offerings, and additional government revenues could also provide more resources. Based upon current projections, the Company anticipates that it will have to raise additional equity capital to fund its long-term business plan.

As of December 31, 2006, the Company owned 2,589,936 shares of Plug Power common stock.

33

Potential future sales of Plug Power securities will generate taxable income or loss, which is different from book income or loss, due to the tax bases in these assets being significantly different from their book bases. Book and tax bases as of December 31, 2006 are as follows:

Plug Power stock is currently traded on the Nasdaq Global Market and is therefore subject to stock market conditions. When acquired, these securities were unregistered. Our Plug Power securities are considered "restricted securities" as defined in Rule 144 and may not be sold in the future without registration under the Securities Act of 1933 ("Securities Act"), unless in compliance with an available exemption from it. While the Company's Plug Power shares of common stock remain "restricted securities," these shares are freely transferable in accordance with Rule 144(k) under the Securities Act since the Company and Plug Power are no longer affiliates and the Company has held the shares for more than two years.

Working capital was $20,820 thousand at December 31, 2006, a $3,645 thousand decrease from $24,465 thousand at December 31, 2005. This decrease is primarily the result of the use of cash in operations and decreases in the market value of securities available for sale offset, by proceeds from sale of securities available for sale and net proceeds from the December 2006 capital raise.

At December 31, 2006, the Company's order backlog was $220 thousand at MTI Instruments, compared to $862 thousand at December 31, 2005.

Inventory and accounts receivable (from product revenues) turnover ratios and their changes for the last annual period are as follows for the years ended December 31:

The changes in the inventory and accounts receivable turnover ratios are the result of the volume and timing of sales. The Test and Measurement Instrumentation segment experienced a nearly 28% growth in revenue for the year ended December 31, 2006 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2005, with a corresponding inventory increase of only 15%.

Cash flow used by operating activities was $12,706 thousand in 2006 compared with $12,572 thousand in 2005. This cash use increase of $134 thousand reflects net increases in cash expenditures to fund operations, partially offset by balance sheet changes, which reflect the timing of cash payments and receipts.

Capital expenditures were $1,574 thousand in 2006, an increase of $570 thousand from the prior year. Capital expenditures in 2006 included computer equipment, demonstration equipment, software, and manufacturing and laboratory equipment. Outstanding commitments for capital expenditures as of December 31, 2006 totaled $45 thousand and include expenditures for laboratory and production equipment and computer equipment. The Company expects to finance these expenditures with current cash and cash equivalents, the sale of securities available for sale, equity financing and other sources, as appropriate and to the extent available.

During 2006, the Company sold 1,103,500 shares of Plug Power common stock with proceeds totaling $6,249 thousand and gains totaling $4,289 thousand. These proceeds reflect the Company's previously announced strategy to raise additional capital through the sale of Plug Power stock in order to fund its micro fuel cell operations. Taxes on the net gains are expected to be offset by the Company's operating losses. As of December 31, 2006, the Company estimates its remaining net operating loss carry forwards to be approximately $50,529 thousand.

34

Contractual obligations as of December 31, 2006, under agreements with non-cancelable terms are as follows:

(A) Once products are sold under the LANL license agreements, royalties will be based on 3% of the first $50 million of net sales, 2% on net sales in excess of $50 million but less than $100 million and 1% on net sales in excess of $100 million. License payments made in any year may be applied against royalties due and total annual fees in any year shall not exceed $1 million. Any royalties due shall not exceed 2% of net sales.

(B) Under the Strategic Alliance Agreement (the "Agreement") with Gillette, if MTI Micro sells fuel refills in the target market after its exclusivity obligations have expired, then MTI Micro will be required to pay Gillette royalties as defined in the Agreement. The Agreement is subject to confidential treatment as filed with the SEC.

(C) Under the New York State Energy Research and Development Authority ("NYSERDA") contract, MTI Micro agreed to pay NYSERDA a royalty of 5.0% of the sales price of any product sold incorporating IP developed pursuant to the NYSERDA contract. If the product is manufactured by a New York State manufacturer, this royalty is reduced to 1.5%. Total royalties are subject to a cap equal to two times the total contract funds paid by NYSERDA to MTI Micro, and may be reduced to reflect any New York State jobs created by MTI Micro.

Effect of Recent Accounting Pronouncements:

In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities ("SFAS No. 159"). SFAS No. 159 provides companies with an option to report selected financial assets and financial liabilities at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected are reported in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. SFAS No. 159 is effective beginning January 1, 2008. We are currently reviewing the provisions of SFAS No. 159 to determine any impact for the Company.

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 158, Employers' Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans, an amendment of FASB Statements No. 87, 88, 106, and 132(R) ("SFAS No. 158"). Among other items, SFAS No. 158 requires recognition of the over-funded or under-funded status of an entity's defined benefit postretirement plan as an asset or liability in the financial statements, requires the measurement of defined benefit postretirement plan assets and obligations as of the end of the employer's fiscal year, and requires recognition of the funded status of defined benefit postretirement plans in other comprehensive income. This Statement is effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2006. Since the Company does not maintain any defined benefit or other postretirement plans, the adoption of this Statement is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements ("SFAS No. 157"). SFAS No. 157 establishes a common definition for fair value to be applied to U.S. GAAP guidance requiring use of fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, and expands disclosure about such fair value measurements. This Statement is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. The Company is currently assessing the impact of SFAS No. 157 on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

In September 2006, the SEC issued SAB 108, Considering the Effects of Prior Year Misstatements when Quantifying Misstatements in Current Year Financial Statements ("SAB 108").  SAB 108 provides guidance on the consideration of the effects of prior year misstatements in quantifying current year misstatements for the purpose of determining whether the current year's financial statements are materially misstated. This Bulletin is effective for fiscal years ending after November 15, 2006. The adoption of this Bulletin did not impact the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

35

In July 2006, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position ("FSP") FIN 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes ("FSP FIN 48") an interpretation of SFAS No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. FSP FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Interpretation 48 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2006; therefore, we will be required to adopt this Interpretation in the first quarter of 2007. We are currently evaluating FSP FIN 48 but have not yet determined the impact, if any; the adoption of this Interpretation will have on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

In March 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 156, Accounting for Servicing of Financial Assets-an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140 ("SFAS No. 156") that provides guidance on accounting for separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities. In accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 156, separately recognized servicing assets and servicing liabilities must be initially measured at fair value, if practicable. Subsequent to initial recognition, the Company may use either the amortization method or the fair value measurement method to account for servicing assets and servicing liabilities within the scope of this Statement. An entity should adopt the Statement as of the beginning of its first fiscal year that begins after June 15, 2006, so the Company will adopt SFAS No. 156 in fiscal year 2007. The adoption of this Statement is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

In February 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 155, Accounting for Certain Hybrid Financial Instruments-an amendment of FASB Statements No. 133 and 140 ("SFAS No. 155"), to permit fair value remeasurement for any hybrid financial instrument that contains an embedded derivative that otherwise would require bifurcation in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. This Statement is effective for all financial instruments acquired or issued after the beginning of an entity's first fiscal year that begins after June 15, 2006. The Company will adopt SFAS No. 155 in fiscal year 2007. The adoption of this Statement is not expected to have a material effect on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

We develop products in the United States and sell them worldwide. As a result, our financial results could be affected by factors such as changes in foreign exchange rates or weak economic conditions in foreign markets. Since our sales are currently priced in U.S. dollars and are translated to local currency amounts, a strengthening of the dollar could make our products less competitive in foreign markets. Interest income is sensitive to changes in the general level of U.S. interest rates, particularly since our investments are in cash equivalents. Based on the nature and current levels of our cash equivalents, however, we have concluded that there is no material market risk exposure.

As a result of holding marketable equity securities available for sale, the Company is exposed to fluctuations in market value. The Company recognizes changes in market value through the balance sheet, however, if an other than temporary market decline were to occur, it could have a material impact on the Company's operating results.

The Company's issued derivatives have consisted of rights to purchase shares of the Company's common stock ("freestanding warrants") and Plug Power common stock owned by the Company. The fair value of the embedded derivative for the right to purchase Plug Power common stock was recorded in the financial statement line titled "Derivative liability" until its exercise date during June 2005. The fair value of the derivative related to freestanding warrants issued by the Company during its December 2006 capital raise is recorded in the "Derivative liability" line on its financial statements. These derivatives are valued quarterly using the Black-Scholes Option Pricing Model. The Company recognizes changes in fair value through the operating statement line titled "Gain (loss) on derivatives." The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes.

Market risk represents the risk of changes in value of a financial instrument caused by fluctuations in interest rates and equity prices. The Company has performed a sensitivity analysis on its investments in Plug Power and its warrant derivative financial instrument. The sensitivity analysis presents the hypothetical change in fair value of the Company's financial investments as of the balance sheet date. Market risk is estimated as the potential change in fair value resulting from an immediate hypothetical one-percentage point parallel shift in the yield curve. The fair values of the Company's holdings in securities available for sale have been based on quoted market prices and its derivative financial instruments based on estimates using valuation techniques.

36

The fair market and estimated values of the Company's investments in Plug Power and company-issued warrant and the calculated impact of a market price decrease of ten percent, is as follows:

(Dollars in thousands)

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures: The Company's management, with the participation of the Company's chief executive officer and chief financial officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2006. The term "disclosure controls and procedures," as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the valuation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2006, the Company's

37

chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting: There have been no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act, during the Company's fiscal quarter ended December 31, 2006 that have materially affected, or are reasonable likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as that term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). The Company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including the principal executive officer and principal financial officer, the Company conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting using the criteria set forth in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation using the criteria set forth in Internal Control-Integrated Framework, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2006.

Our management's assessment of the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2006 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is included herein at page F-2.

None.

38

Incorporated herein by reference is the information appearing under the captions "Information about our Directors" and "Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934" in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement for its 2007 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Incorporated herein by reference is the information appearing under the captions "Executive Officers" and "Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 " in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement for its 2007 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Incorporated herein by reference is the information appearing under the caption "Board of Director Meetings and Committees - Audit Committee" in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement for its 2007 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Code of Ethics: The Company has adopted a Code of Ethics for employees, officers and directors. The Code of Ethics is intended to comply with Item 406 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and with applicable rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market, Inc. A copy may be obtained at no charge by written request to the attention of the Secretary of the Company at 431 New Karner Road, Albany, New York 12205. A copy of the Code of Ethics is also available on the Company's website at http://www.mechtech.com.

Incorporated herein by reference is the information appearing under the caption "Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 - Shareholder Communications with the Board of Directors."

Incorporated herein by reference is the information appearing under the caption "Executive Compensation" in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement for its 2007 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Incorporated herein by reference is the information appearing under the caption "Principal Shareholders" in the Company's definitive Proxy Statement for its 2007 Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

As of December 31, 2006, the Company has three equity compensation plans, the Mechanical Technology Incorporated 2006 Equity Incentive Plan (the "2006 Plan"), the 1999 Employee Stock Incentive Plan (the "1999 Plan") and the 1996 Stock Incentive Plan (the "1996 Plan," and together with the 2006 and 1999 Plans, the "Plans"). See Note 13 to the Consolidated Financial Statements referred to in Item 8 for a description of these plans.

The following table presents information regarding these plans: