SQZ Biotechnologies Co - Quarter Report: 2021 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021

OR

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File Number: 001-39662

SQZ BIOTECHNOLOGIES COMPANY

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

(617) 758-8672

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes ☒   No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).     Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes ☐    No  ☒

As of May 4, 2021, the registrant had 27,881,722 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “could,” “intend,” “target,” “project,” “contemplate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. All statements other than statements of historical fact contained in this Quarterly Report, including without limitation statements regarding our plans to develop, manufacture and commercialize our product candidates, the timing or outcome of our ongoing or planned clinical trials for SQZ-PBMC-HPV, SQZ-AAC-HPV, any of our other pipeline product candidates and any future product candidates, the clinical utility of our product candidates, the anticipated impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and operations, including manufacturing, research and development, clinical trials and employees, our cash needs and availability, and the plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements.

The forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report are only predictions and are based largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report and are subject to a number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements, including, but not limited to, risks and uncertainties related to our limited operating history; our significant losses incurred since inception and expectation to incur significant additional losses for the foreseeable future; the development of our initial product candidates, upon which our business is highly dependent; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations and clinical activities; our need for additional funding and our cash runway; the lengthy, expensive, and uncertain process of clinical drug development, including uncertain outcomes of clinical trials and potential delays in regulatory approval; our ability to maintain our relationships with our third party vendors; protection of our proprietary technology, intellectual property portfolio and the confidentiality of our trade secrets; and other important factors discussed under the caption "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020 and other filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

Because forward-looking statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties, some of which cannot be predicted or quantified and some of which are beyond our control, you should not rely on these forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Moreover, we operate in an evolving environment. New risk factors and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for management to predict all risk factors and uncertainties. Except as required by applicable law, we do not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise.

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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

SQZ BIOTECHNOLOGIES COMPANY

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SQZ BIOTECHNOLOGIES COMPANY

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SQZ BIOTECHNOLOGIES COMPANY

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

(In thousands, except share amounts)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SQZ BIOTECHNOLOGIES COMPANY

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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SQZ BIOTECHNOLOGIES COMPANY

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Nature of the Business and Basis of Presentation

SQZ Biotechnologies Company (the “Company”) is a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing cell therapies for patients with cancer, infectious diseases and other serious conditions. The Company uses its proprietary technology, Cell Squeeze, to physically squeeze cells through a microfluidic chip, temporarily opening the cell membrane and enabling biologic material of interest, or cargo, to diffuse into the cell. The Company is using Cell Squeeze to create multiple cell therapy platforms focused on directing specific immune responses. The Company was incorporated in March 2013 under the laws of the State of Delaware.

The Company is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties common to early-stage companies in the biotechnology industry, including, but not limited to, development by competitors of new technological innovations, the ability to obtain additional financing, protection of proprietary technology, dependence on key personnel, the ability to attract and retain qualified employees, compliance with government regulations, the impact of the COVID-19 coronavirus, and the clinical and commercial success of its product candidates. Product candidates currently under development will require significant additional research and development efforts, including extensive preclinical and clinical testing and regulatory approval prior to commercialization. These efforts require significant amounts of additional capital, adequate personnel and infrastructure and extensive compliance-reporting capabilities. Even if the Company’s drug development efforts are successful, it is uncertain when, if ever, the Company will realize significant revenue from product sales.

On February 17, 2021, the Company completed a follow-on public offering (the “Follow-on Offering”) pursuant to which it issued and sold 3,000,000 shares of its common stock. The aggregate net proceeds received by the Company from the Follow-on Offering were approximately $56.4 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions, but before deducting offering costs payable by the Company, which were approximately $0.8 million.

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the basis of continuity of operations, realization of assets and the satisfaction of liabilities and commitments in the ordinary course of business. Since inception, the Company has funded its operations primarily with proceeds from sales of convertible preferred stock, payments received in connection with collaboration agreements and proceeds from borrowings under a convertible promissory note, which converted into shares of convertible preferred stock, and, most recently, with proceeds from its initial public offering, (“IPO”) and the Follow-on Offering. The Company has incurred recurring losses since inception, including net losses of $15.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and $50.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. As of March 31, 2021, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $142.2 million. The Company expects to continue to generate operating losses for the foreseeable future. As of the issuance date of these interim condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company expects that its cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities will be sufficient to fund its operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements for at least 12 months from the issuance date of the interim condensed consolidated financial statements.

Impact of the COVID-19 Coronavirus

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, which causes the disease known as COVID-19, was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China. Since then, COVID-19 coronavirus has spread globally. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic and the U.S. government-imposed travel restrictions on travel between the United States, Europe and certain other countries. The outbreak and government measures taken in response have had a significant impact, both direct and indirect, on hospitals, businesses and commerce, as worker shortages have occurred, supply chains have been disrupted, and facilities and production have been suspended. The future progression of the pandemic and its effects on the Company’s business and operations are uncertain.

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted and may continue to impact personnel at third-party manufacturing facilities or the availability or cost of materials, which would disrupt the Company’s supply chain. It also has affected and may continue to affect the Company’s ability to enroll patients in and timely complete its ongoing Phase 1 clinical trial of SQZ-PBMC-HPV and delay the initiation of future clinical trials, including SQZ-AAC-HPV, disrupt regulatory activities or have other adverse effects on its business and operations. For example, the Company has experienced delays in receiving supplies of raw materials for its preclinical activities due to the impact of COVID-19 on its suppliers’ ability to timely manufacture these materials, and it has experienced an increase in the transportation cost of its product candidates due to the decreased availability of commercial flights. In addition, the Company has experienced delays in opening clinical trial sites and sites that are open may also have challenges enrolling patients due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, some staff that are required to conduct certain testing, such as biopsies, at the Company’s clinical sites or at third-party vendors have been required to stay at home or have been reallocated to other activities, resulting in such tests not being properly or timely performed or being delayed. The pandemic has already caused significant disruptions in the financial markets, and may continue to cause such disruptions, which could impact the Company’s ability to raise additional funds to support its operations. Moreover, the pandemic has significantly impacted economies worldwide and could result in adverse effects on the Company’s business and operations.

The Company is monitoring the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on its business and financial statements. To date, the Company has not incurred impairment losses in the carrying values of its assets as a result of the pandemic and it is not aware of any specific related event or

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circumstance that would require it to revise its estimates reflected in these interim condensed consolidated financial statements. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will directly or indirectly impact the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity, including planned and future clinical trials and research and development costs, will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain, including as a result of new information that may emerge concerning COVID-19, the actions taken to contain or treat it, and the duration and intensity of the related effects.

Basis of Presentation

The Company’s consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiary, SQZ Biotechnologies Security Corporation. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements as of March 31, 2021 and for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial statements. The accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 was derived from audited financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by GAAP. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto for the year ended December 31, 2020 included in the Company’s Form 10-K filed with the SEC, on March 18, 2021. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments necessary for a fair statement of the Company’s consolidated financial position as of March 31, 2021 and consolidated results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 and the consolidated cash flows for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, have been made. The Company’s consolidated results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2021.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, the accrual of research and development expenses, the valuation of common stock and the valuation of stock-based awards. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience, known trends and other market-specific or other relevant factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. On an ongoing basis, management evaluates its estimates as there are changes in circumstances, facts and experience. Actual results may differ from those estimates or assumptions.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

The Company qualifies as an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 and has elected not to “opt out” of the extended transition related to complying with new or revised accounting standards, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public and nonpublic companies, the Company will adopt the new or revised standard at the time nonpublic companies adopt the new or revised standard and will do so until such time that the Company either (i) irrevocably elects to “opt out” of such extended transition period or (ii) no longer qualifies as an emerging growth company. The Company may choose to early adopt any new or revised accounting standards whenever such early adoption is permitted for nonpublic companies.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”), which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held at amortized cost. ASU 2016-13 replaces the existing incurred loss impairment model with an expected loss model. It also eliminates the concept of other-than-temporary impairment and requires credit losses related to available-for-sale debt securities to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. These changes will result in the earlier recognition of credit losses, if any. In May 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-05, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief (“ASU 2019-05”), which provides additional implementation guidance on the previously issued ASU 2016-13. For public entities, this guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For nonpublic entities, this guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted as of the fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2016-13 and ASU 2019-05 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

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In November 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-18, Collaborative Arrangements (Topic 808): Clarifying the Interaction between Topic 808 and Topic 606 (“ASU 2018-18”). ASU 2018-18 makes targeted improvements to GAAP for collaborative arrangements, including (i) clarification that certain transactions between collaborative arrangement participants should be accounted for as revenue under ASC 606 when the collaborative arrangement participant is a customer in the context of a unit of account, (ii) adding unit-of-account guidance in ASC 808, Collaborative Arrangements, to align with the guidance in ASC 606 and (iii) a requirement that in a transaction with a collaborative arrangement participant that is not directly related to sales to third parties, presenting the transaction together with revenue recognized under ASC 606 is precluded if the collaborative arrangement participant is not a customer. For public entities, this guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For nonpublic entities, this guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2018-18 as of January 1, 2021, and the standard did not have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (Topic 740) (“ASU 2019-12”), which simplifies the accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions, including the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the accounting for income taxes in an interim period, hybrid taxes and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. It also clarifies and simplifies other aspects of the accounting for income taxes. For public entities, this guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods within those fiscal years. For nonpublic entities, this guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2021. Early adoption is permitted in interim or annual periods with any adjustments reflected as of the beginning of the fiscal year of adoption. Additionally, entities that elect early adoption must adopt all changes as a result of ASU 2019-12. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of ASU 2019-12 will have on its consolidated financial statements.

3. Fair Value Measurements

The following tables present the Company’s fair value hierarchy for its assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):

Money market funds were valued by the Company based on quoted market prices, which represent a Level 1 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. There were no changes to the valuation methods during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020. The Company evaluates transfers between levels at the end of each reporting period. There were no transfers between Level 1 or Level 2 during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

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4. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following (in thousands):

5. Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following (in thousands):

Depreciation and amortization expense was $0.3 million for each of the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

In February 2020, as a result of the termination of the 2016 Lease (see Note 11), the Company removed from the consolidated balance sheet leasehold improvements with a cost of $2.7 million and accumulated depreciation related to those leasehold improvements of $1.3 million. The resulting $1.4 million loss was recognized as a component of the $0.1 million net loss recognized by the Company upon termination of the 2016 Lease (see Note 11).

6. Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following (in thousands):

7. Preferred Stock

In January and February 2020, the Company issued and sold an aggregate of 1,094,247 shares of Series D Preferred Stock at a price of $13.9365 per share for gross proceeds of $15.2 million. All of the 14,963,274 shares of Preferred Stock outstanding as of March 31, 2020 as shown in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit), as well as 1,940,945 shares of Series D Preferred Stock issued in May and June 2020, automatically converted into a total of 17,800,084 shares of common stock upon the closing of the IPO in November 2020.

8. Stock-Based Compensation

On October 20, 2020, the Company’s board of directors adopted, and on October 22, 2020 its stockholders approved, the 2020 Incentive Award Plan (the “2020 Plan”), which became effective the day prior to the first public trading date of the Company’s common stock. Following the effectiveness of the 2020 Plan, no further awards are made under the Company’s previous 2014 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”). The 2020 Plan provides for the grant of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock

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units, and other stock-based awards. The number of shares reserved for issuance under the 2020 Plan was initially equal to 2,690,415 and is subject to an annual increase on the first day of each calendar year, beginning on January 1, 2021 and ending on and including January 1, 2030, equal to the lesser of (i) 5% of the aggregate number of shares of common stock outstanding on the final day of the immediately preceding calendar year and (ii) such smaller number of shares of common stock as is determined by the board of directors. The shares of common stock underlying any awards that are forfeited, cancelled, held back upon exercise or settlement of an award to satisfy the exercise price or tax withholding, repurchased or are otherwise terminated by the Company under the 2020 Plan or following the effective date of the 2020 Plan, under the 2014 Plan are added back to the shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2020 Plan. As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were 2,552,907 and 2,079,230 shares available, respectively, for future issuance under the 2020 Plan.

On October 20, 2020, the Company’s board of directors adopted, and on October 22, 2020 its stockholders approved, the 2020 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the ‘‘2020 ESPP’’), which became effective the day prior to the first public trading date of the Company’s common stock. A total of 275,886 shares of common stock was initially reserved for issuance under this plan. The number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the 2020 ESPP automatically increases on the first day of each calendar year, beginning on January 1, 2021 and ending on and including January 1, 2030, equal to the lesser of (i) 1% of the shares of common stock outstanding on the final day of the immediately preceding calendar year and (ii) such smaller number of shares of common stock as is determined by the board of directors, provided that not more than 3,724,461 shares of common stock may be issued under the 2020 ESPP. As of March 31, 2021, no shares had been issued under the 2020 ESPP and there were 523,749 shares available for issuance.

Stock Option Valuation

The fair value of each option is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model.

The Company historically has been a private company and lacks company-specific historical and implied volatility information. Therefore, it estimates its expected stock volatility based on the historical volatility of a publicly traded set of peer public companies and expects to continue to do so until such time as it has adequate historical data regarding the volatility of its own traded stock price. The risk-free interest rate is determined by reference to the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant of the award for time periods approximately equal to the expected term of the option. For options with service-based vesting conditions, the expected term of the Company’s stock options has been determined utilizing the “simplified” method for awards that qualify as “plain-vanilla” options. The expected term of stock options granted to non-employees is equal to the contractual term of the option award. The expected dividend yield of 0% is based on the fact that the Company has never paid cash dividends and does not expect to pay any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.

The following table presents, on a weighted-average basis, the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine the grant-date fair value of stock options granted:

The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity since December 31, 2020:

The weighted-average grant-date fair value of stock options granted during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was $10.98 per share and $5.08 per share, respectively.

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Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense related to stock options was classified in the consolidated statements of operations as follows (in thousands):

As of March 31, 2021, total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock-based awards was $23.3 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 3.1 years.

9. Income Taxes

For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company recorded no income tax benefits for the net operating losses incurred or for the research and development tax credits generated in each period, due to its uncertainty of realizing a benefit from those items. All of the Company’s operating losses since inception have been generated in the United States.

10. Commitments and Contingencies

Leases

The Company’s commitments under its leases are described in Note 11.

License and Supply Agreements

License Agreement with Massachusetts Institute of Technology

In December 2015, the Company entered into an exclusive patent license agreement with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (“MIT”) (the “MIT Agreement”). The MIT Agreement replaced a May 2013 exclusive agreement with MIT. Under the MIT Agreement, the Company received an exclusive license under the licensed patent rights to develop, manufacture and commercialize any products related to certain intracellular delivery methods that were developed at MIT.

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had liabilities of $0.8 million and $0.7 million, respectively, included within accrued expenses (see Note 6). During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company did not recognize any research and development expense under the sublicense terms of the MIT Agreement.

Manufacturing Services Agreements

During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company entered into agreements with a contract manufacturing organization to provide manufacturing services related to its product candidates as it began to prepare for a future clinical trial. The Company had no non-cancelable purchase commitments as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 under these agreements, as amended.

401(k) Plan

The Company sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution benefit plan (the “401(k) Plan”), which covers all employees who meet certain eligibility requirements as defined in the 401(k) Plan and allows participants to defer a portion of their annual compensation on a pre-tax basis. Contributions to the 401(k) Plan may be made at the discretion of management. For each of the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company contributed $0.1 million to the 401(k) Plan.

Indemnification Agreements

In the ordinary course of business, the Company may provide indemnification of varying scope and terms to its vendors, lessors, contract research organizations, business partners and other parties with respect to certain matters including, but not limited to, losses arising out of breach of such agreements or from intellectual property infringement claims made by third parties. In addition, the Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its executive officers and members of its board of directors that will require the Company, among other things, to indemnify them against certain liabilities that may arise by reason of their status or service as directors. The maximum potential amount of future payments the Company could be required to make under these indemnification agreements is, in many cases, unlimited. The Company has not incurred any material costs as a result of such indemnification agreements and is not currently aware of any indemnification claims.

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Legal Proceedings

The Company is not currently party to any material legal proceedings. At each reporting date, the Company evaluates whether or not a potential loss amount or a potential range of loss is probable and reasonably estimable under the provisions of the authoritative guidance that addresses accounting for contingencies. The Company expenses as incurred the costs related to such legal proceedings.

11. Leases

As of March 31, 2021, the Company leases its office and laboratory facilities under a non-cancelable operating lease entered into in December 2018, which included lease incentives, payment escalations and rent holidays. The Company had not entered into any financing leases or any short-term operating leases as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020.

2018 Lease

In December 2018, the Company entered into a lease for office and laboratory space in Watertown, Massachusetts (the “2018 Lease”). The 2018 Lease term commenced in December 2019 and expires in November 2029. Under the 2018 Lease, the Company has one five-year option to extend the term of the lease. The initial annual base rent was $3.8 million upon entering into the lease, with such base rent increasing during the initial term by 3% annually on the anniversary of the commencement date. The Company is obligated to pay its portion of real estate taxes and costs related to the premises, including costs of operations, maintenance, repair, replacement and management of the new leased premises. In connection with the lease, the Company maintains a letter of credit for the benefit of the landlord in the amount of $2.3 million, for which the Company is required to maintain a separate cash balance of the same amount. The 2018 Lease Agreement includes a landlord-provided tenant improvement allowance of $9.8 million that was applied to the costs of the construction of leasehold improvements.

2016 Lease

In September 2016, the Company entered into a lease for office and laboratory space in Watertown, Massachusetts (the “2016 Lease”). The 2016 Lease was set to expire in September 2023; however, in February 2020, the Company and the landlord jointly terminated the 2016 Lease. Accordingly, as of February 2020, the Company had no further obligations under the 2016 Lease. As a result of this termination, the Company removed from the consolidated balance sheet the associated operating lease right-of-use asset of $2.1 million, leasehold improvements with a net carrying value of $1.4 million (see Note 5) and operating lease liabilities of $3.4 million. The Company therefore recognized a net loss on termination of the 2016 Lease of $0.1 million in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Embedded Lease

The Company evaluated its vendor contracts to identify embedded leases, if any, and noted that an agreement entered into in April 2019 with a contract manufacturing supplier constituted a lease under ASC 842 because the Company has the right to substantially all of the economic benefits from the use of the asset and can direct the use of the asset. The embedded lease commenced in September 2019 and expires in August 2022 and includes an option of the Company to further extend the term of the manufacturing services agreement by one additional year. The Company has evaluated the probability of its exercising the option to extend the term of the agreement and concluded that it was reasonably certain that it would occur. The Company has therefore included the minimum lease payments of the additional year in its calculation of its right-of-use asset and lease liability in relation to the embedded lease.

Right-of-use assets under operating leases at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 totaled $45.9 million and $48.4 million, respectively. The leases do not include any restrictions or covenants that had to be accounted for under applicable lease guidance.

The components of lease cost and other information for the Company’s lease portfolio were as follows (in thousands, except term and discount rate amounts):

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Supplemental cash flow information related to the Company’s operating leases was as follows (in thousands):

12. License and Collaboration Agreements

2017 License and Collaboration Agreement with Roche

In April 2017, the Company entered into a license and collaboration agreement with Roche (the “2017 Roche Agreement”) to allow Roche to use the Company’s Cell Squeeze technology to enable gene editing of immune cells to discover new targets in cancer immunotherapy. The 2017 Roche Agreement includes several licenses granted by Roche to the Company and by the Company to Roche in order to conduct a specified research program in accordance with a specified research plan. The 2017 Roche Agreement has a term that ends upon the earlier to occur of (i) the completion of all work under the research plan or (ii) two years after the effective date of the agreement. The collaboration term is subject to Roche’s right to extend the collaboration term for up to two additional one-year periods. Roche has the right to terminate the agreement, in whole or on a workstream-by-workstream basis, upon a specified amount of notice to the Company. The Company or Roche may terminate the agreement if the other party fails to cure its material breach within a specified period after receiving notice of such breach.

Under the agreement, the Company received an upfront payment of $5.0 million as a technology access fee and is entitled to (i) payments of up to $1.0 million, in two tranches of $0.5 million, as reimbursement for the Company’s research costs; (ii) milestone payments of up to $7.0 million upon the achievement of specified development milestones; and (iii) annual maintenance fees ranging from $0.5 million to $0.9 million for each year following the fifth anniversary of the effective date, subject to specified prepayment discounts.

The Company assessed its accounting for the 2017 Roche Agreement under ASC 606 as the transactions underlying the agreement were deemed to be transactions with a customer. The Company identified the following promises under the 2017 Roche Agreement: (i) a non-exclusive license granted to Roche to perform research related to and use of the Company’s Cell Squeeze technology for gene editing of immune cells; (ii) specified research and development services related to gene editing of immune cells through the research term; (iii) manufacturing activities to support the specified research plan; and (iv) participation on a joint research committee (“JRC”). The annual maintenance fees described above were determined by the Company to be optional renewal payments. The Company concluded that each of the promises under the agreement was not distinct from the other promises in the arrangement. The research license was determined to not be distinct from the research and manufacturing activities primarily as a result of Roche being unable to benefit on its own or with other resources reasonably available in the marketplace because the license to the Company’s intellectual property requires significant specialized capabilities in order to be further developed, the research services necessary to develop the product are highly specialized, and the Company’s proprietary Cell Squeeze technology is a key capability of that development. The research and manufacturing services were determined not to be distinct because the promise under the agreement is to complete research and development, inclusive of the manufacturing. In addition, the Company determined that the impact of participation on the JRC was insignificant and had an immaterial impact on the accounting model. As such, the Company concluded that the first three promises should be combined into a single performance obligation. Based on these assessments, the Company identified one distinct performance obligation at the outset of the 2017 Roche Agreement.

The Company recognizes revenue associated with the performance obligation as the research, development and manufacturing services are provided using an input method, based on the cumulative costs incurred compared to the total estimated costs expected to be incurred to satisfy the performance obligation. The transfer of control to the customer occurs over the time period that the research and development services are to be provided by the Company, and this cost-to-cost method is, in management’s judgment, the best measure of progress towards satisfying the performance obligation. The amounts received from Roche that have not yet been recognized as revenue are deferred as a contract liability in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet and will be recognized over the remaining research and development period until the performance obligation is satisfied.

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the total costs expected to be incurred to satisfy the performance obligation under the 2017 Roche Agreement decreased by $0.3 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, there were no significant changes in the total estimated costs expected to be incurred to satisfy the performance obligation. The Company recognized revenue of $0.6 million and $0.2 million, respectively, during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 under the 2017 Roche Agreement. As of March 31, 2021, the Company recorded as a contract liability deferred revenue related to the 2017 Roche Agreement of $0.6 million, of which $0.5 million was a

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current liability. As of March 31, 2021, the research and development services related to the performance obligation were expected to be performed over a remaining period of approximately 1.3 years.

2018 License and Collaboration Agreement with Roche

In October 2018, the Company entered into a license and collaboration agreement with Roche (the “2018 Roche Agreement”) to jointly develop certain products based on mononuclear antigen presenting cells (“APCs”), including human papilloma virus (“HPV”), using the SQZ APC platform for the treatment of oncology indications. The Company granted Roche a non-exclusive license to its intellectual property, and Roche granted the Company a non-exclusive license to its and its affiliates’ intellectual property for the purpose of performing research activities. In connection with this agreement, the parties terminated an earlier agreement. The 2018 Roche Agreement has a term that extends until all royalty, profit-share and other payment obligations expire or have been satisfied. Roche has the right to terminate the 2018 Roche Agreement, in whole or on a product-by-product basis, upon a specified amount of notice to the Company. The Company or Roche may terminate the agreement if the other party fails to cure its material breach within a specified period after receiving notice of such breach.

Under the 2018 Roche Agreement, Roche was granted option rights to obtain an exclusive license to develop APC products or products derived from the collaboration programs on a product-by-product basis. These option rights are exercisable upon the achievement of clinical Phase 1 proof of concept and expire, if unexercised, as of a date specified in the agreement. In addition, Roche was granted an option right to obtain an exclusive license to develop a Tumor Cell Lysate (“TCL”) product. This option right is exercisable upon the achievement of clinical proof of concept and expires, if unexercised, as of a date specified in the agreement. For each of the APC products and TCL product, once Roche exercises its option and pays a specified incremental amount ranging from $15.0 million to $50.0 million for APC products and of $100.0 million for the TCL product, Roche will receive worldwide, exclusive commercialization rights for the licensed products, subject to the Company’s alternating option to retain U.S. APC commercialization rights. The Company will retain worldwide commercialization rights to any APC products or the TCL product for which Roche elects not to exercise its applicable option. For the first APC product that Roche exercises its option, Roche will receive worldwide, exclusive commercialization rights for the licensed product. On a product-by-product basis for the APC products, after the first product option is exercised by Roche and for every other product for which Roche exercises its option, the Company will retain an option to obtain the exclusive commercialization rights in the United States. Upon exercise of the TCL option by Roche, (i) the Company will be entitled to receive the aforementioned milestone payment of $100.0 million and (ii) profits from the TCL product will be shared equally by the Company and Roche. Through March 31, 2021, Roche had not exercised any of its options under the 2018 Roche Agreement.

Under the 2018 Roche Agreement, the Company received an upfront payment of $45.0 million and is eligible to receive (i) reimbursement of a mid-double-digit percentage of its development costs; (ii) aggregate milestone payments on a product-by-product basis of up to $1.6 billion upon the achievement of specified milestones, consisting of up to $217.0 million of development milestone payments, up to $240.0 million of regulatory milestone payments and up to $1.2 billion of sales milestone payments; and (iii) tiered royalties on annual net sales of APC and TCL products licensed under the agreement, as described below. The Company received the upfront payment of $45.0 million in October 2018 upon execution of the agreement. In addition, during the second quarter of 2019, the Company received a payment of $10.0 million following the achievement of the first development milestone under the 2018 Roche Agreement related to submission by the Company of preclinical data to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”), and during the first quarter of 2020, the Company received a payment of $20.0 million following the achievement of the second development milestone under the 2018 Roche Agreement related to first-patient dosing in a Phase 1 clinical trial.

Roche will pay tiered royalties based on annual net sales of APC and TCL products. If Roche exercises its option to obtain a license to commercialize an APC product, Roche will pay the Company tiered royalties on annual net sales of that licensed product at rates ranging from a mid-single-digit percentage to a mid-teens percentage, depending on net sales of the product. If the Company exercises its option to obtain a license to commercialize an APC product in the United States, it will pay Roche tiered royalties on annual net sales of that licensed product at rates ranging from a mid-single-digit percentage to a mid-teens percentage, depending on net sales of the product in the United States. For APC products selected by Roche, rather than mutually, Roche will pay the Company royalties on annual net sales of that licensed product at rates ranging from a mid-single-digit percentage to a high single-digit percentage, depending on net sales of the product. For APC products that are selected mutually and for which the Company has not exercised its option to commercialize the product in the United States, Roche will pay the Company tiered royalties on annual net sales of that licensed product at a rate ranging from a high single-digit percentage to a mid-teens percentage, depending on net sales of the product. For TCL products, Roche will pay the Company tiered royalties on the aggregate net sales of all TCL products at rates ranging from either a mid-single digit percentage to a percentage in the low twenties, with the caveat that the rates for sales in the United States may instead range from a low-teens percentage to a percentage in the mid-twenties, depending on whether and when the Company opts out of sharing certain profits and costs of commercializing the TCL product in the United States with Roche.

The Company identified three performance obligations at the outset of the 2018 Roche Agreement: (1) the license to the Company’s intellectual property, the research and development activities related to HPV through Phase 1 clinical trials under a specified research plan, and the manufacturing of the Company’s SQZ APC platform and equipment in order to support the HPV research plan (the “first performance obligation”); (2) the license to the Company’s intellectual property and the research and development activities on next-generation APCs (the “second performance obligation”); and (3) the license to the Company’s intellectual property and the research and development activities on TCL (the “third performance obligation”).

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During the second quarter of 2019, the Company received a payment of $10.0 million following the achievement of the first development milestone under the 2018 Roche Agreement related to submission by the Company of preclinical data to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA. During the first quarter of 2020, the Company received a payment of $20.0 million following the achievement of the second development milestone under the 2018 Roche Agreement related to first-patient dosing in a Phase 1 clinical trial. These milestones were added to the transaction price in the period that it was “most likely” and that it was probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized would not occur.

During the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company evaluated its overall program priorities and determined that in 2020 it would continue to focus its resources on progressing the specified APC programs related to the 2018 Roche Agreement as well as its Activating Antigen Carriers (“AAC”) and Tolerizing Antigen Carriers (“TAC”) platforms. As a result of its continuing focus on these specific programs, the Company reduced the level of priority of the TCL research activities under the 2018 Roche Agreement and expects to perform such TCL research activities over a longer time period than as originally expected under the specified research plan of the agreement. Since the fourth quarter of 2019, the Company has classified $9.3 million as non-current deferred revenue, which will remain unrecognized as revenue until TCL research activities resume or the 2018 Roche Agreement is modified by the Company and Roche.

The Company separately recognizes revenue associated with each of the three performance obligations as the research, development and manufacturing services are provided using an input method, based on the cumulative costs incurred compared to the total estimated costs expected to be incurred to satisfy each performance obligation. The transfer of control to the customer occurs over the time period that the research and development services are to be provided by the Company, and this cost-to-cost method is, in management’s judgment, the best measure of progress towards satisfying each performance obligation. The amounts received that have not yet been recognized as revenue are deferred as a contract liability in the Company’s consolidated balance sheet and will be recognized over the remaining research and development period until each performance obligation is satisfied.

During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no significant changes in the total estimated costs expected to be incurred to satisfy the performance obligations under the 2018 Roche Agreement. The Company recognized revenue of $4.9 million and $6.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, under the 2018 Roche Agreement. As of March 31, 2021, the Company recorded as a contract liability deferred revenue related to the 2018 Roche Agreement of $39.1 million, of which $24.7 million was a current liability. As of March 31, 2021, the research and development services related to the performance obligations were expected to be performed over remaining periods ranging from 0.8 to 1.3 years. As of December 31, 2020, the Company recorded as a contract liability deferred revenue related to the 2018 Roche Agreement of $44.0 million, of which $24.7 million was a current liability.

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the expected remaining period of performance of the Company’s research and development services related to the third performance obligation was not determinable, and it will not become determinable until TCL research activities resume or the 2018 Roche Agreement is modified by the Company and Roche.

Contract Liability

The changes in the total contract liability (deferred revenue) balances related to the Company’s license and collaboration agreements with Roche were as follows (in thousands):

.

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13. Net Loss per Share

Basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders was calculated as follows (in thousands, except share and per share amounts):

The Company’s potential dilutive securities, which in the current period consist of common stock options and in the previous period included convertible preferred stock, a warrant to purchase common stock and common stock options, have been excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share as the effect would be to reduce the net loss per share. Therefore, the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding used to calculate both basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders is the same. The Company excluded the following potential common shares, presented based on amounts outstanding at each period end, from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods indicated because including them would have had an anti-dilutive effect:

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations together with our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, on March 18, 2021 (the “2020 Form 10-K”). Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business and related financing, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. As a result of many factors, including those factors set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of our 2020 Form 10-K, our actual results could differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.

Overview

We are a clinical-stage biotechnology company developing cell therapies for patients in multiple therapeutic areas, including cancer, infectious diseases and other serious conditions. We use our proprietary technology, Cell Squeeze®, to physically squeeze cells through a microfluidic chip, temporarily opening the cell membrane and enabling biologic material of interest, or cargo, to diffuse into the cell. This technology allows us to create a broad pipeline of product candidates for different diseases. We believe our Cell Squeeze technology has the potential to create well-tolerated cell therapies that can provide therapeutic benefit for patients. Our potential differentiation includes accelerated timelines with production time under 24 hours, compared to four to six weeks for other existing cell therapies, improved patient experience by eliminating the need for pre-conditioning or lengthy hospital stays, and broadened therapeutic impact. Our goal is to use the Cell Squeeze approach to establish a new paradigm for cell therapies. We are currently using Cell Squeeze to create multiple cell therapy platforms focused on directing specific immune responses. Our most advanced platform in development, SQZ Antigen Presenting Cells, or SQZ APCs, is currently in a Phase 1 trial in HPV+ tumors. Our additional platforms currently in development are SQZ Activating Antigen Carriers, or SQZ AACs and SQZ Tolerizing Antigen Carriers, or SQZ TACs. We are leveraging each of these platforms to create differentiated product candidates that have applicability across multiple disease areas.

Since our inception, we have focused substantially all of our resources on building our Cell Squeeze technology, establishing and protecting our intellectual property portfolio, conducting research and development activities, developing our manufacturing process and manufacturing product candidate materials, preparing for and initiating clinical trials of our product candidates, organizing and staffing our company, business planning, raising capital and providing general and administrative support for these operations. We do not have any products approved for sale and have not generated any revenue from product sales. Through March 31, 2021, we have funded our operations from sales of common and preferred stock, upfront and milestone payments under our collaboration agreements with Roche and with proceeds from our initial public offering, or IPO, and follow-on public offering of common stock, or the Follow-on Offering. In November 2020, we completed our IPO pursuant to which we issued and sold 5,073,529 shares of common stock, inclusive of 661,764 shares sold by us pursuant to the full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares. We received aggregate net proceeds of approximately $75.5 million from the IPO, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions, but before deducting offering costs payable by us, which were $2.6 million. In February 2021, we completed the Follow-on Offering pursuant to which we issued and sold 3,000,000 shares of common stock. We received aggregate net proceeds of approximately $56.4 million in the Follow-on Offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions, but before deducting offering costs payable by us, which were approximately $0.8 million.

Since our inception, we have incurred significant operating losses. Our ability to generate any product revenue or product revenue sufficient to achieve profitability will depend on the successful development and eventual commercialization of one or more of our product candidates. We reported a net loss of $15.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021. As of March 31, 2021, we had an accumulated deficit of $142.2 million. We expect to continue to incur significant expenses and increasing operating losses for at least the next several years. We expect that our expenses and capital requirements will increase substantially in connection with our ongoing activities, particularly if and as we:

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We will not generate revenue from product sales unless and until we successfully complete clinical development and obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates. If we obtain regulatory approval for any of our product candidates, we expect to incur significant expenses related to developing our commercialization capability to support product sales, marketing, and distribution.

As a result, we will need substantial additional funding to support our continuing operations and pursue our growth strategy. Until such time as we can generate significant revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operations through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances and marketing, distribution or licensing arrangements. We may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other agreements or arrangements when needed on favorable terms, or at all. If we fail to raise capital or enter into such agreements as, and when, needed, we would have to significantly delay, scale back or discontinue the development and commercialization of one or more of our product candidates.

Because of the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with cell therapy product development, we are unable to accurately predict the timing or amount of increased expenses or when, or if, we will be able to achieve or maintain profitability. Even if we are able to generate product sales, we may not become profitable. If we fail to become profitable or are unable to sustain profitability on a continuing basis, then we may be unable to continue our operations at planned levels and be forced to reduce or terminate our operations.

We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements through the first half of 2023. See “—Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Impact of the COVID-19 Coronavirus

In December 2019, a novel strain of coronavirus, which causes the disease known as COVID-19, was reported to have surfaced in Wuhan, China. Since then, COVID-19 coronavirus has spread globally. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic and the U.S. government-imposed travel restrictions on travel between the United States, Europe and certain other countries. The outbreak and government measures taken in response have had a significant impact, both direct and indirect, on hospitals, businesses and commerce, as worker shortages have occurred, supply chains have been disrupted, and facilities and production have been suspended. The future progression of the pandemic and its effects on our business and operations are uncertain.

The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted and may continue to impact personnel at third-party manufacturing facilities or the availability or cost of materials, which would disrupt our supply chain. It also has affected and may continue to affect our ability to enroll patients in and timely complete our ongoing Phase 1 clinical trial of SQZ-PBMC-HPV and delay the initiation of future clinical trials, including SQZ-AAC-HPV, disrupt regulatory activities or have other adverse effects on our business and operations. For example, we have experienced delays in receiving supplies of raw materials for our preclinical activities due to the impact of COVID-19 on our suppliers’ ability to timely manufacture these materials, and we have experienced an increase in the transportation cost of our product candidates due to the decreased availability of commercial flights. In addition, we have experienced delays in opening clinical trial sites and sites that are open may also have challenges enrolling patients due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, some staff that are required to conduct certain testing, such as biopsies, at our clinical sites or at third-party vendors have been required to stay at home or have been reallocated to other activities, resulting in such tests not being properly or timely performed or being delayed. In response to the public health directives and to help reduce the risk to our employees, we took precautionary measures, including implementing work-from-home policies for our administrative employees and staggered work times for our lab employees. We plan to continue these measures and are assessing when and how to resume normal operations. The effects of the public health directives and our work-from-home policies may negatively impact productivity, disrupt our business and delay our clinical programs and timelines and future clinical trials, the magnitude of which will depend, in part, on the length and severity of the restrictions and other limitations on our ability to conduct our business in the ordinary course. These and similar, and perhaps more severe, disruptions in our operations could negatively impact our business, results of operations and financial condition, including our ability to obtain financing.

The pandemic has already caused significant disruptions in the financial markets, and may continue to cause such disruptions, which could impact our ability to raise additional funds to support our operations. Moreover, the pandemic has significantly impacted economies worldwide and could result in adverse effects on our business and operations. We are monitoring the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and financial statements. To date, we have not incurred impairment losses in the carrying values of our assets as a result of the pandemic and we are not aware of any specific related event or circumstance that would require us to revise our estimates reflected in our interim condensed consolidated financial statements. We cannot be certain what the overall impact of the COVID-19 pandemic will be on our business and people. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic will directly or indirectly impact our business, results of operations, financial condition, and liquidity, including planned and future clinical trials and research and development costs, will depend on future developments that are highly uncertain, including as a result of new information that may emerge concerning COVID-19, the actions taken to contain or treat it, and the duration and intensity of the related effects.

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Components of Our Results of Operations

Revenue

To date, we have not generated any revenue from product sales and do not expect to do so for the next several years. All of our revenue to date has been derived from three collaboration agreements with Roche, which we entered into in 2015, 2017 and 2018, and, to a lesser extent, from government grants.

If our development efforts for our product candidates are successful and result in regulatory approval, or in license or additional collaboration agreements with third parties, we may generate revenue in the future from product sales, payments from additional collaboration or license agreements that we may enter into with third parties, or any combination thereof. We expect that our revenue for the next several years will be derived primarily from our collaboration agreements with Roche as well as any additional collaborations that we may enter into in the future. We cannot provide assurance as to the timing of future milestone or royalty payments or that we will receive any of these payments at all.

Collaboration Revenue

2017 License and Collaboration Agreement with Roche

In April 2017, we entered into a license and collaboration agreement with Roche, or the 2017 Roche Agreement, to allow Roche to use our Cell Squeeze technology to enable gene editing of immune cells to discover new targets in cancer immunotherapy. The 2017 Roche Agreement includes several licenses granted by Roche to us and by us to Roche in order to conduct a specified research program in accordance with a specified research plan.

Under the agreement, we received an upfront payment of $5.0 million as a technology access fee and are entitled to (i) payments of up to $1.0 million as reimbursement for our research costs; (ii) milestone payments of up to $7.0 million upon the achievement of specified development milestones; and (iii) annual maintenance fees ranging from $0.5 million to $0.9 million for each year following the fifth anniversary of the effective date, subject to specified prepayment discounts.

We assessed our accounting for the 2017 Roche Agreement under Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, or ASC 606, and identified the following promises under the agreement: (i) a non-exclusive license granted to Roche to perform research related to and use our Cell Squeeze technology for gene editing of immune cells; (ii) specified research and development services related to gene editing of immune cells through the research term; (iii) manufacturing activities to support the specified research plan; and (iv) participation on a joint research committee, or JRC. We concluded at the outset of the 2017 Roche Agreement that the first three promises should be combined into a single performance obligation and that the JRC participation had an immaterial impact on the accounting model.

We received the upfront payment of $5.0 million in April 2017 upon execution of the 2017 Roche Agreement. We also received the payments of $0.5 million in each of 2017 and 2018 related to our reimbursable research costs. In addition, during the third quarter of 2018, we received a payment of $2.0 million following the achievement of the first development milestone under the agreement related to Roche’s validation of preclinical proof of concept.

We recognize revenue associated with the performance obligation as the research and development services are provided using an input method, based on the cumulative costs incurred compared to the total estimated costs expected to be incurred to satisfy the performance obligation. The amounts received from Roche that have not yet been recognized as revenue are deferred as a contract liability in our consolidated balance sheet and will be recognized over the remaining research and development period until the performance obligation is satisfied.

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the total costs expected to be incurred to satisfy the performance obligation under the 2017 Roche Agreement decreased by $0.3 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, there were no significant changes in the total estimated costs expected to be incurred to satisfy the performance obligation. We recognized revenue of $0.6 million and $0.2 million, respectively, during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 under the 2017 Roche Agreement. As of March 31, 2021, the research and development services related to the performance obligation were expected to be performed over a remaining period of approximately 1.3 years.

2018 License and Collaboration Agreement with Roche

In October 2018, we entered into a license and collaboration agreement with Roche, or the 2018 Roche Agreement, to jointly develop certain products based on mononuclear antigen presenting cells, or APCs, including human papilloma virus, or HPV, using our SQZ APC platform for the treatment of oncology indications. We granted Roche a non-exclusive license to our intellectual property, and Roche granted us a non-exclusive license to its and its affiliates’ intellectual property for the purpose of performing research activities. In connection with this agreement, the parties terminated an earlier agreement.

Under the 2018 Roche Agreement, Roche was granted option rights to obtain an exclusive license to develop APC products or products derived from the collaboration programs on a product-by-product basis and to develop a Tumor Cell Lysate, or TCL, product. For each of the APC

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products and TCL product, once Roche exercises its option and pays a specified incremental amount, Roche will receive worldwide, exclusive commercialization rights for the licensed products. Through March 31, 2021, Roche had not exercised any of its options under the 2018 Roche Agreement.

Under the 2018 Roche Agreement, we received an upfront payment of $45.0 million and are eligible to receive (i) reimbursement of a mid-double-digit percentage of our development costs; (ii) aggregate milestone payments on a product-by-product basis of up to $1.6 billion upon the achievement of specified milestones, consisting of up to $217.0 million of development milestone payments, up to $240.0 million of regulatory milestone payments and up to $1.2 billion of sales milestone payments; and (iii) tiered royalties on annual net sales of APC and TCL products licensed under the agreement at specified rates ranging from a mid-single-digit percentage to a percentage in the mid-twenties. We received the upfront payment of $45.0 million in October 2018 upon execution of the agreement. In addition, during the second quarter of 2019, we received a payment of $10.0 million following the achievement of the first development milestone under the 2018 Roche Agreement related to submission by us of preclinical data to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, and during the first quarter of 2020, we received a payment of $20.0 million following the achievement of the second development milestone under the 2018 Roche Agreement related to first-patient dosing in a Phase 1 clinical trial.

We identified three performance obligations at the outset of the 2018 Roche Agreement: (1) the license to our intellectual property, the research and development activities related to HPV through Phase 1 clinical trials under a specified research plan, and the manufacturing of our SQZ APC platform and equipment in order to support the HPV research plan (the “first performance obligation”); (2) the license to our intellectual property and the research and development activities on next-generation APCs (the “second performance obligation”); and (3) the license to our intellectual property and the research and development activities on TCL (the “third performance obligation”).

In addition, we determined that the upfront payment of $45.0 million as well as the reimbursable costs of $10.8 million estimated by us constituted the entirety of the consideration to be included in the transaction price. This transaction price of $55.8 million was initially allocated to the three performance obligations based on the relative standalone selling price of each obligation. The potential milestone payments that we may be eligible to receive were excluded from the transaction price at the outset of the arrangement. We reevaluate the transaction price at the end of each reporting period and as uncertain events are resolved or other changes in circumstances occur, and, if necessary, we will adjust our estimate of the transaction price.

During the second quarter of 2019, we received a payment of $10.0 million following the achievement of the first development milestone under the 2018 Roche Agreement related to submission by us of preclinical data to the FDA. During the first quarter of 2020, we received a payment of $20.0 million following the achievement of the second development milestone under the 2018 Roche Agreement related to first-patient dosing in a Phase 1 clinical trial. These milestones were added to the transaction price in the period that it was “most likely” and that it was probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized would not occur.

We separately recognize revenue associated with each of the three performance obligations as the research, development and manufacturing services are provided using an input method, based on the cumulative costs incurred compared to the total estimated costs expected to be incurred to satisfy each performance obligation. The amounts received from Roche that have not yet been recognized as revenue are deferred as a contract liability in our consolidated balance sheet and will be recognized over the remaining research and development period until each performance obligation is satisfied.

During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, there were no significant changes in the total estimated costs expected to be incurred to satisfy the performance obligations under the 2018 Roche Agreement. We recognized revenue of $4.9 million and $6.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, under the 2018 Roche Agreement. As of March 31, 2021, the research and development services related to the performance obligations were expected to be performed over remaining periods ranging from 0.8 to 1.3 years.

As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the expected remaining period of performance of our research and development services related to the third performance obligation was not determinable, and it will not become determinable until TCL research activities resume or the 2018 Roche Agreement is modified by us and Roche.

Operating Expenses

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses consist primarily of costs incurred for our research activities, including development of our product candidates and costs incurred under our collaboration arrangements with Roche, which include:

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We expense research and development costs as incurred. Nonrefundable advance payments that we make for goods or services to be received in the future for use in research and development activities are recorded as prepaid expenses. The prepaid amounts are expensed as the related goods are delivered or the services are performed, or when it is no longer expected that the goods will be delivered or the services rendered. Upfront payments under license agreements are expensed upon receipt of the license, and annual maintenance fees under license agreements are expensed in the period in which they are incurred. Milestone payments under license agreements are accrued, with a corresponding expense being recognized, in the period in which the milestone is determined to be probable of achievement and the related amount is reasonably estimable.

Our direct research and development expenses are tracked on a program-by-program basis and consist of external costs and fees paid to consultants, contractors, CMOs and CROs in connection with our preclinical and clinical development and manufacturing activities. Such program costs also include the external costs of laboratory and consumable materials and costs of raw materials that are directly attributable to and incurred for any single program. We do not allocate employee costs, costs associated with our platform development and discovery efforts, payments made under third-party licensing agreements, costs of laboratory supplies and consumable materials that are not directly attributable to any single program, and facilities expenses, including rent, depreciation and other indirect costs, to specific product development programs because these costs are deployed across multiple programs and our platform technology and, as such, are not separately classified.

Product candidates in later stages of clinical development generally have higher development costs than those in earlier stages of clinical development, primarily due to the increased size and duration of later-stage clinical trials. We expect that our research and development expenses will increase substantially in connection with our planned preclinical and clinical development activities in the near term and in the future, particularly should Roche determine not to exercise its options and we decide to continue clinical development of a product candidate. At this time, we cannot accurately estimate or know the nature, timing and costs of the efforts that will be necessary to complete the preclinical and clinical development of any of our product candidates. The successful development of our product candidates is highly uncertain. This is due to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with product development, including the following:

A change in the outcome of any of these variables with respect to the development of any of our product candidates could significantly change the costs and timing associated with the development of that product candidate. In addition, we may never succeed in obtaining regulatory approval for any of our product candidates.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and related costs, including stock-based compensation, for personnel in executive, finance and administrative functions. General and administrative expenses also include direct and allocated facility-related costs as well as professional fees for legal, patent, consulting, investor and public relations, accounting, and audit services. We anticipate that our general

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and administrative expenses will increase in the future as we increase our headcount to support our continued research activities and development of our product candidates. We also anticipate that we will incur increased accounting, audit, legal, regulatory, compliance and director and officer insurance costs as well as investor and public relations expenses associated with operating as a public company.

Other Income (Expense)

Interest Income

Interest income consists of interest earned on our cash equivalents and marketable securities balances. We expect that our interest income will increase as we invest the cash received from the net proceeds from our IPO and our Follow-on Offering.

Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income (expense), net consists of miscellaneous income and expense unrelated to our core operations.

Income Taxes

Since our inception, we have not recorded any income tax benefits for the net losses we have incurred in each year or for our earned research and development tax credits, as we believe, based upon the weight of available evidence, that it is more likely than not that all of our net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards will not be realized.

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security Act, or the CARES Act, was passed by the U.S. Congress and signed into United States law. The CARES Act, among other things, includes certain provisions for individuals and corporations (including a suspension on the application of the 80% limitation described above for taxable years beginning prior to January 1, 2021), and technical amendments for qualified improvement property, or QIP. While we accelerated tax depreciation expenses due to the technical amendments made by the CARES Act to QIP, this and other CARES Act benefits did not materially impact our income tax provisions in the periods presented.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020

The following table summarizes our results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:

Revenue

Collaboration revenue was $5.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $6.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The decrease in revenue was primarily due to a change in estimate (made as of December 2020) of the expected performance period of one of the performance obligations under our 2018 agreement with Roche, resulting in lower revenues being recognized in the first quarter of 2021. We recognize revenue for the Roche agreement using an input measure, comparing our cumulative costs incurred to our total estimated costs of the research, development, and manufacturing activities, as applicable, on each program. In the fourth quarter of 2019, we included the $20.0 million payment due upon the then-expected achievement of the second development milestone under the 2018 Roche Agreement in our estimate of the transaction price for the 2018 Roche Agreement, which resulted in the recognition of an additional $1.5 million of collaboration revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2020. During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we recognized total revenue of $4.9 million and $6.3 million (inclusive of the $1.5 million amount described above) respectively, under the 2018 Roche Agreement. During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we recognized total revenue of $0.6 million and $0.2 million, respectively, under the 2017 Roche Agreement. The increase in revenue recognized under the 2017 Roche Agreement during the three months ended March 31, 2021,

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compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020 was due to a decrease in remaining expected costs required to complete the performance obligations under the agreement.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses were $14.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $11.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The direct costs related to our SQZ-PBMC-HPV program during the three months ended March 31, 2021 were flat compared to the same period in 2020. Direct costs incurred for our SQZ-AAC-HPV program increased by $0.3 million as compared to the same period in 2020, primarily as a result of higher materials expenses due to increased manufacturing activities following the clearance by the Food and Drug Administration, or FDA of our Investigational New Drug application, or IND in January 2021. APC-other costs increased by $0.6 million in the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020 due to higher manufacturing costs incurred for our other APC programs.  

The increase in personnel-related costs of $0.9 million relative to the same period in 2020, was primarily due to increased stock-based compensation expense and salary costs in our research and development function. Personnel-related costs for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 included stock-based compensation expense of $0.6 million and $0.2 million, respectively. Facility-related costs decreased by $0.4 million relative to the same period in 2020, primarily due to a decrease in rent and information technology expenses. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we had additional office and laboratory space as we transitioned from our old facility to a new facility. Laboratory and consumable materials expenses decreased by $0.1 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020, as a result of anticipated fluctuation from period to period based on the timing of our purchases made. We expense the costs of materials when purchased because they have no alternative future use. Platform-related external services and other costs increased by $0.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020 as a result of higher consulting, engineering and service costs.

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2021 were $6.1 million, compared to $5.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. Personnel-related costs increased by $0.8 million as compared to the same period in 2020, primarily due to an increase in stock-based compensation expense and salary costs. Personnel-related costs for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 included stock-based compensation expense of $1.0 million and $0.5 million, respectively. Professional and consultant fees decreased by $1.3 million as the costs incurred in the prior year period were incurred due to the growth of our company as we began preparation to become a public company. Patent-related costs increased by $0.4 million in the three months ended March 31, 2021 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020 as a result of increased legal costs related to intellectual property protections, primarily consisting of patent application and maintenance costs in the United States and internationally in the three months ended March 31, 2020. Facility-related and other costs increased by $0.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2020 primarily due to an increase in insurance expense as a result of becoming a public company in November 2020.

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Interest Income

Interest income for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was less than $0.1 million as compared to $0.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The decrease in interest income was due to the decrease in average interest rates during the respective periods.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Since our inception, we have incurred significant operating losses. We have not yet commercialized any of our product candidates and we do not expect to generate revenue from sales of any product candidates for the next several years, if at all. Through March 31, 2021, we have funded our operations from the sales of our common and preferred stock, upfront and milestone payments under our collaboration agreements with Roche, and with proceeds from our IPO and Follow-on Offering. In November 2020, we completed our IPO pursuant to which we issued and sold 5,073,529 shares of common stock, inclusive of 661,764 shares sold by us pursuant to the full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares. We received aggregate net proceeds of approximately $75.5 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions, but before deducting offering costs payable by us, which were $2.6 million. In February 2021, we completed the Follow-on Offering pursuant to which we issued and sold 3,000,000 shares of common stock. We received aggregate net proceeds of approximately $56.4 million in the Follow-on Offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions, but before deducting offering costs payable by us, of approximately $0.8 million. As of March 31, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents of $204.9 million.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our sources and uses of cash for each of the periods presented:

Operating Activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, operating activities used $20.6 million of cash, primarily resulting from our net loss of $15.4 million and changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $9.6 million, partially offset by net non-cash charges of $4.4 million. Net cash used by changes in our operating assets and liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2021 consisted primarily of a $5.5 million decrease in deferred revenue, a $2.3 million decrease in operating lease liabilities, a $2.6 million decrease in accrued expenses and a $1.6 million increase in prepaid expenses and other current assets, all of which were partially offset by a $1.9 million decrease in accounts receivable. The decrease in deferred revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2021 was due to the revenue we recognized in that same period under the 2018 Roche Agreement.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, operating activities provided $3.1 million of cash, primarily resulting from changes in our operating assets and liabilities of $10.2 million and net non-cash charges of $3.5 million, partially offset by our net loss of $10.6 million. Net cash provided by changes in our operating assets and liabilities for the three months ended March 31, 2020 consisted primarily of a $15.6 million increase in deferred revenue due to our receipt of a $20.0 million milestone payment under the 2018 Roche Agreement, partially offset by the related revenue we recognized in that same period, under the 2018 Roche Agreement. Cash flow from operating activities were also impacted by a decrease of $0.2 million in prepaid expenses and other current assets, a $2.7 million decrease in accrued expenses, a $2.4 million decrease in operating lease liabilities and a $0.8 million increase in accounts receivable

In all periods presented, other changes in prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts receivable, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities not described above were generally due to growth in our business, the advancement of our research programs and the timing of vendor invoicing and payments. In all periods presented, decreases in operating lease liabilities were primarily due to our recurring payments made under recorded operating lease liabilities, including those arising from embedded leases.

Investing Activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, net cash used in investing activities was $0.2 million, consisting of purchases of property and equipment.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, net cash provided by investing activities was $30.7 million, consisting of maturities of marketable securities of $31.0 million, partially offset by purchases of property and equipment of $0.3 million.

The purchases of property and equipment in each period were primarily for equipment purchases and leasehold improvements related to the expansion of our research and development activities and the growth of our business.

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Financing Activities

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, net cash provided by financing activities was $55.4 million, consisting of net proceeds from the Follow-on Offering in February 2021, of $56.4 million, in addition to proceeds of $0.3 million of from stock option exercises during the quarter, offset by the payment of $1.3 million of IPO and Follow-on Offering costs.

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, net cash provided by financing activities was $15.1 million, consisting primarily of net proceeds from our issuances of Series D preferred stock in January and February 2020, partially offset by payments of issuance costs related to Series D preferred stock that we issued and sold in the prior quarter.

Funding Requirements

We expect that our expenses will increase substantially in connection with our ongoing activities, particularly as we advance the preclinical activities and clinical trials for our product candidates in development. The timing and amount of our operating and capital expenditures will depend largely on:

We believe that our existing cash, and cash equivalents will enable us to fund our operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements through the first half of 2023. We have based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and we could utilize our available capital resources sooner than we expect.

Until such time, if ever, as we can generate substantial product revenue, we expect to finance our operations through a combination of equity offerings, debt financings, collaborations, strategic alliances and marketing, distribution or licensing arrangements. To the extent that we raise additional capital through the sale of equity or convertible debt securities, a current common stockholder’s interest will be diluted, and the terms of these securities may include liquidation or other preferences that adversely affect the rights of a common stockholder. Debt financing and preferred equity financing, if available, may involve agreements that include covenants limiting or restricting our ability to take specific actions, such as incurring additional debt, making acquisitions or capital expenditures or declaring dividends. If we raise additional funds through collaborations, strategic alliances or marketing, distribution or licensing arrangements with third parties, we may have to relinquish valuable rights to our technologies, future revenue streams, research programs or product candidates, or grant licenses on terms that may not be favorable to us. If we are unable to raise additional funds through equity or debt financings or other arrangements when needed, we would be required to delay, scale back or discontinue our research, product development or future commercialization efforts, or grant rights to develop and market product candidates that we would otherwise prefer to develop and market ourselves.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

There have been no material changes to our contractual obligations from those described in our 2020 Form 10-K. For additional information, see Note 10 to our consolidated financial statements appearing in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates

Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements and related disclosures requires us to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, revenue, costs and expenses, and related disclosures. Our critical accounting policies are described under the heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and Estimates” in our 2020 Form 10-K. If actual results or events differ materially from the estimates, judgments and assumptions used by us in applying these policies, our reported financial condition and results of operations could be materially affected. There have been no significant changes to our critical accounting policies from those described in the 2020 Form 10-K.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We did not have during the periods presented, and we do not currently have, any off-balance sheet arrangements, as defined in the rules and regulations of the SEC.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

A description of recently issued accounting pronouncements that may potentially impact our financial position, results of operations or cash flows is disclosed in Note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Emerging Growth Company Status

The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 permits an “emerging growth company” such as us to take advantage of an extended transition period to comply with new or revised accounting standards applicable to public companies until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected not to “opt out” of such extended transition period, which means that when a standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, we will adopt the new or revised standard at the time private companies adopt the new or revised standard and will do so until such time that we either (i) irrevocably elect to “opt out” of such extended transition period or (ii) no longer qualify as an emerging growth company. We may choose to early adopt any new or revised accounting standards whenever such early adoption is permitted for private companies.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

As of March 31, 2021, we had cash and cash equivalents of $204.9 million, which consisted of cash and money market funds. Interest income is sensitive to changes in the general level of interest rates; however, due to the nature of these balances, an immediate 10% change in interest rates would not have a material effect on the fair market value of our cash and cash equivalents.

We are not currently exposed to significant market risk related to changes in interest rates or foreign currency exchange rates. Our operations may be subject to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates in the future.

We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition, or results of operations. Our operations may be subject to inflation in the future.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures

Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer, evaluated, as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act of 1934). Based on that evaluation, our Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level as of March 31, 2021.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

No change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2021 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

We are not subject to any material legal proceedings.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. In addition to the other information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Results of Operations and Financial Condition”, you should carefully consider the factors described in the section titled “Risk Factors” in our 2020 Form 10-K. There have been no material changes to our risk factors as previously disclosed in our 2020 Form 10-K.

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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

On October 29, 2020, the SEC declared effective our registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-249422), as amended, filed in connection with our IPO, or the Registration Statement. Pursuant to the Registration Statement, we registered the offer and sale of 5,073,529 shares of our common stock with a proposed maximum aggregate offering price of approximately $91.3 million. On November 3, 2020, we issued and sold 4,411,765 shares of our common stock at a price to the public of $16.00 per share. Upon completion of the IPO on November 3, 2020, we received net proceeds of approximately $65.6 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions, but before deducting offering costs payable by us, which were $2.6 million. On November 12, 2020, in connection with the full exercise of the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters of our IPO, we issued and sold 661,764 additional shares of common stock at a price of $16.00 per share, generating additional net proceeds of $9.8 million after deducting underwriting discounts of $0.7 million.

The net proceeds of approximately $72.5 million have been invested in money market funds. There has been no material change in the expected use of the net proceeds from our IPO as described in our final prospectus relating to the Registration Statement, filed with the SEC on October 30, 2020 pursuant to Rule 424(b)(4).

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

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Item 6. Exhibits.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

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