Summit Hotel Properties, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2017 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

____________________________________________________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

____________________________________________________________________________________

ý QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2017

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-35074

SUMMIT HOTEL PROPERTIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

_____________________________________________________________________________________



Maryland		27-2962512
(State or other jurisdiction		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
of incorporation or organization)

12600 Hill Country Boulevard, Suite R-100

Austin, TX 78738

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(512) 538-2300

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

________________________________________________________________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ý Yes o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405) of this chapter during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). ý Yes o No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):



Large accelerated filer	x	Accelerated filer	o
Non-accelerated filer	o	Smaller reporting company	o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)		Emerging growth company	o
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.			o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). o Yes ý No

As of October 20, 2017, the number of outstanding shares of common stock of Summit Hotel Properties, Inc. was 104,276,587.

TABLE OF CONTENTS



		Page
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements	1

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets — September 30, 2017 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2016	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) — Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) — Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (Unaudited) — Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) — Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016	5
	Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	29

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	46

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	46

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	47

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	47

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	47

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	47

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	47

Item 5.	Other Information	47

Item 6.	Exhibits	48

PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

Summit Hotel Properties, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share amounts)



	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
	(Unaudited)
ASSETS
Investment in hotel properties, net	$	1,902,949		$	1,545,122
Investment in hotel properties under development	18,754			—
Land held for development	2,942			5,742
Assets held for sale	1,193			62,695
Investment in real estate loans, net	—			17,585
Cash and cash equivalents	52,451			34,694
Restricted cash	28,933			24,881
Trade receivables, net	20,899			11,807
Prepaid expenses and other	5,294			6,474
Deferred charges, net	4,669			3,727
Other assets	5,794			5,778
Total assets	$	2,043,878		$	1,718,505
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Liabilities:
Debt, net of debt issuance costs	$	772,275		$	652,414
Accounts payable	7,257			4,623
Accrued expenses and other	56,306			46,880
Derivative financial instruments	438			1,118
Total liabilities	836,276			705,035

Commitments and contingencies (Note 8)

Equity:
Preferred stock, $.01 par value per share, 100,000,000 shares authorized:
7.875% Series B - 3,000,000 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (aggregate liquidation preference of $75,492 at September 30, 2017 and $75,509 at December 31, 2016)	30			30
7.125% Series C - 3,400,000 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (aggregate liquidation preference of $85,505 at September 30, 2017 and $85,522 at December 31, 2016)	34			34
6.45% Series D - 3,000,000 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 (aggregate liquidation preference of $75,403 at September 30, 2017 and $75,417 at December 31, 2016)	30			30
Common stock, $.01 par value per share, 500,000,000 shares authorized, 104,266,587 and 93,525,469 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively	1,043			935
Additional paid-in capital	1,178,896			1,011,412
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(300		)	(977		)
Retained earnings (deficit) and distributions	24,783			(1,422		)
Total stockholders’ equity	1,204,516			1,010,042
Non-controlling interests in operating partnership	3,086			3,428
Total equity	1,207,602			1,013,470
Total liabilities and equity	$	2,043,878		$	1,718,505

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Summit Hotel Properties, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except per share amounts)



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Revenues:
Room	$	127,246		$	110,777		$	358,110		$	340,657
Other hotel operations revenue	9,341			7,559			25,522			22,956
Total revenues	136,587			118,336			383,632			363,613
Expenses:
Hotel operating expenses:
Room	33,404			28,705			91,221			82,959
Other direct	16,846			15,513			49,255			48,596
Other indirect	35,820			29,312			100,297			92,870
Total hotel operating expenses	86,070			73,530			240,773			224,425
Depreciation and amortization	23,594			17,887			62,052			53,715
Corporate general and administrative	4,550			4,388			14,998			14,358
Hotel property acquisition costs	—			527			354			2,809
Loss on impairment of assets	—			577			—			577
Total expenses	114,214			96,909			318,177			295,884
Operating income	22,373			21,427			65,455			67,729
Other income (expense):
Interest expense	(7,768		)	(6,626		)	(21,486		)	(21,232		)
Gain on disposal of assets, net	7,725			10,491			43,531			49,997
Other income (expense), net	(116		)	661			2,847			1,854
Total other income (expense)	(159		)	4,526			24,892			30,619
Income from continuing operations before income taxes	22,214			25,953			90,347			98,348
Income tax benefit (expense)	231			1,245			(613		)	(461		)
Net income	22,445			27,198			89,734			97,887
Less - Income attributable to non-controlling interests in operating partnership	(55		)	(115		)	(289		)	(454		)
Net income attributable to Summit Hotel Properties, Inc.	22,390			27,083			89,445			97,433
Preferred dividends	(4,200		)	(4,993		)	(12,600		)	(13,287		)
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	18,190		$	22,090		$	76,845		$	84,146
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.18		$	0.25		$	0.78		$	0.97
Diluted	$	0.17		$	0.25		$	0.78		$	0.96
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic	103,253			86,492			98,105			86,428
Diluted	103,632			87,401			98,471			87,319

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Summit Hotel Properties, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Net income	$	22,445		$	27,198		$	89,734		$	97,887
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Changes in fair value of derivative financial instruments	157			545			680			(102		)
Comprehensive income	22,602			27,743			90,414			97,785
Less - Comprehensive income attributable to operating partnership	(56		)	(118		)	(292		)	(453		)
Comprehensive income attributable to Summit Hotel Properties, Inc.	22,546			27,625			90,122			97,332
Preferred dividends	(4,200		)	(4,993		)	(12,600		)	(13,287		)
Comprehensive income attributable to common stockholders	$	18,346		$	22,632		$	77,522		$	84,045

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Summit Hotel Properties, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 and 2016

(Unaudited)

(in thousands, except share amounts)



	Shares of Preferred Stock	Preferred Stock		Shares of Common Stock		Common Stock			Additional Paid-In Capital			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss			Retained Earnings (Deficit) and Distributions			Total Stockholders’ Equity			Non-controlling Interests in Operating Partnership			Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2016	9,400,000	$	94	93,525,469		$	935		$	1,011,412		$	(977	)	$	(1,422	)	$	1,010,042		$	3,428		$	1,013,470
Net proceeds from sale of common stock	—	—		10,350,000		104			163,516			—			—			163,620			—			163,620
Common stock redemption of common units	—	—		52,808		1			466			—			—			467			(467		)	—
Dividends	—	—		—		—			—			—			(63,240		)	(63,240		)	(184		)	(63,424		)
Equity-based compensation	—	—		397,421		4			4,462			—			—			4,466			17			4,483
Shares acquired to satisfy employee withholding requirements	—	—		(59,111	)	(1		)	(960		)	—			—			(961		)	—			(961		)
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—		—			—			677			—			677			3			680
Net income	—	—		—		—			—			—			89,445			89,445			289			89,734
Balance at September 30, 2017	9,400,000	$	94	104,266,587		$	1,043		$	1,178,896		$	(300	)	$	24,783		$	1,204,516		$	3,086		$	1,207,602

Balance at December 31, 2015	8,400,000	$	84	86,793,521		$	868		$	894,060		$	(1,666	)	$	(40,635	)	$	852,711		$	4,215		$	856,926
Net proceeds from sale of preferred stock	3,000,000	30		—		—			72,260			—			—			72,290			—			72,290
Common stock redemption of common units	—	—		61,056		1			510			—			—			511			(511		)	—
Dividends	—	—		—		—			—			—			(47,328		)	(47,328		)	(178		)	(47,506		)
Equity-based compensation	—	—		521,995		5			3,180			—			—			3,185			17			3,202
Shares acquired to satisfy employee withholding requirements	—	—		(61,622	)	(1		)	(1,264		)	—			—			(1,265		)	—			(1,265		)
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		—			—			(101		)	—			(101		)	(1		)	(102		)
Net income	—	—		—		—			—			—			97,433			97,433			454			97,887
Balance at September 30, 2016	11,400,000	$	114	87,314,950		$	873		$	968,746		$	(1,767	)	$	9,470		$	977,436		$	3,996		$	981,432

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Summit Hotel Properties, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

(in thousands)



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016
OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net income	$	89,734		$	97,887
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	62,052			53,715
Amortization of deferred financing costs	1,553			1,625
Loss on impairment of assets	—			577
Equity-based compensation	4,483			3,202
Realization of deferred gain	(15,000		)	(5,000		)
Gain on disposal of assets, net	(28,531		)	(44,997		)
Other	51			(573		)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Restricted cash - operating	(2,326		)	(881		)
Trade receivables, net	(9,140		)	(5,848		)
Prepaid expenses and other	1,817			1,109
Accounts payable	(233		)	1,215
Accrued expenses and other	9,780			10,348
NET CASH PROVIDED BY OPERATING ACTIVITIES	114,240			112,379
INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Acquisitions of hotel properties	(424,734		)	(169,654		)
Investment in hotel properties under development	(15,954		)	—
Improvements to hotel properties	(25,252		)	(31,098		)
Proceeds from asset dispositions, net of closing costs	120,901			145,366
Funding of real estate loans	—			(27,500		)
Proceeds from collection of real estate loans	32,500			7,814
Increase in restricted cash - FF&E reserve	(1,726		)	(1,613		)
Decrease in escrow deposits for acquisitions	—			6,446
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES	(314,265		)	(70,239		)
FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Proceeds from issuance of debt	485,000			250,000
Principal payments on debt	(365,087		)	(302,546		)
Proceeds from equity offerings, net of issuance costs	163,620			72,290
Dividends paid	(63,148		)	(47,506		)
Financing fees on debt	(1,642		)	(1,948		)
Repurchase of common shares to satisfy employee withholding requirements	(961		)	(1,265		)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) FINANCING ACTIVITIES	217,782			(30,975		)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	17,757			11,165
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Beginning of period	34,694			29,326
End of period	$	52,451		$	40,491
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Cash payments for interest	$	20,242		$	19,425
Accrued acquisition costs and improvements to hotel properties	$	3,482		$	1,590
Capitalized interest	$	172		$	—
Cash payments for income taxes, net of refunds	$	600		$	1,135

See Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

SUMMIT HOTEL PROPERTIES, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1 - DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS

Summit Hotel Properties, Inc. (the “Company”) is a self-managed hotel investment company that was organized on June 30, 2010, as a Maryland corporation. The Company holds both general and limited partnership interests in Summit Hotel OP, LP (the “Operating Partnership”), a Delaware limited partnership also organized on June 30, 2010. On February 14, 2011, the Company closed on its initial public offering ("IPO") and completed certain formation transactions, including the merger of Summit Hotel Properties, LLC with and into the Operating Partnership. Unless the context otherwise requires, “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries.

We focus on owning primarily premium-branded, select-service hotels. At September 30, 2017, our portfolio consisted of 79 hotels with a total of 11,590 guestrooms located in 24 states. We have elected to be taxed as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for federal income tax purposes commencing with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2011. To qualify as a REIT, we cannot operate or manage our hotels. Accordingly, all of our hotels are leased to subsidiaries (“TRS Lessees”) of our taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”). We indirectly own 100% of the outstanding equity interests in all of our TRS Lessees.

NOTE 2 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company consolidate the accounts of the Company and all entities that are controlled by the Company’s ownership of a majority voting interest in such entities, as well as variable interest entities for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

We prepare our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in conformity with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). Accordingly, the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring items) considered necessary for a fair presentation in accordance with GAAP have been included. Results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 may not be indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year of 2017. For further information, please read the Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Segment Disclosure

Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 280, Segment Reporting, establishes standards for reporting financial and descriptive information about an enterprise’s reportable segments. We have determined that we have one reportable segment for activities related to investing in real estate. Our investments in real estate are geographically diversified and the chief operating decision makers evaluate operating performance on an individual asset level. As each of our assets has similar economic characteristics, the assets have been aggregated into one reportable segment.

Investment in Hotel Properties

The Company allocates the purchase price of acquired hotel properties based on the fair value of the acquired land, land improvements, building, furniture, fixtures and equipment, identifiable intangible assets or liabilities, other assets and assumed liabilities. Intangible assets may include certain value associated with the on-going operations of the hotel business being acquired as part of the hotel property acquisition. Acquired intangible assets that derive their values from real property or an interest in real property, are inseparable from that real property or interest in real property, and do not produce or contribute to the production of income other than consideration for the use or occupancy of space, are recorded as a component of the related real estate asset in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Identifiable intangible assets or liabilities may also arise from assumed contractual arrangements as part of the acquisition of the hotel property, including terms that are above or below market compared to an estimated fair market value of the agreement on the acquisition date. We determine the acquisition-date fair values of all assets and assumed liabilities using methods similar to those used by independent appraisers, including using a discounted cash flow analysis that uses appropriate discount or capitalization rates and available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including historical operating results, known and anticipated trends, and market and economic conditions.

Effective January 1, 2017, we early adopted ASU No. 2017-01, Clarifying the Definition of a Business. As such, if substantially all of the fair value of the gross assets acquired are concentrated in a single identifiable asset or group of similar identifiable assets, the asset or asset group is not considered a business. When we conclude that an acquisition meets this threshold, acquisition costs will be capitalized as part of our allocation of the purchase price of the acquired hotel properties.

Our hotel properties and related assets are recorded at cost, less accumulated depreciation. We capitalize hotel development costs and the costs of significant additions and improvements that materially upgrade, increase the value or extend the useful life of the property. These costs may include hotel development, refurbishment, renovation, and remodeling expenditures, as well as certain indirect internal costs related to construction projects. If an asset requires a period of time in which to carry out the activities necessary to bring it to the condition necessary for its intended use, the interest cost incurred during that period as a result of expenditures for the asset is capitalized as part of the cost of the asset. We expense the cost of repairs and maintenance as incurred.

We generally depreciate our hotel properties and related assets using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives as follows:



Classification		Estimated Useful Lives
Buildings and improvements		6 to 40 years
Furniture, fixtures and equipment		2 to 15 years

We periodically re-evaluate asset lives based on current assessments of remaining utilization, which may result in changes in estimated useful lives. Such changes are accounted for prospectively and will increase or decrease future depreciation expense.

When depreciable property and equipment is retired or disposed, the related costs and accumulated depreciation are removed from the balance sheet and any gain or loss is reflected in current operations.

On a limited basis, we provide financing to developers of hotel properties for development projects. We evaluate these arrangements to determine if we participate in residual profits of the hotel property through the loan provisions or other agreements. Where we conclude that these arrangements are more appropriately treated as an investment in the hotel property, we reflect the loan as an investment in hotel properties under development in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. If classified as hotel properties under development, no interest income is recognized on the loan and interest expense is capitalized as part of our investment in the hotel property during the construction period.

We monitor events and changes in circumstances for indicators that the carrying value of a hotel property or land held for development may be impaired. Additionally, we perform at least annual reviews to monitor the factors that could trigger an impairment. Factors that we consider for an impairment analysis include, among others: i) significant underperformance relative to historical or anticipated operating results, ii) significant changes in the manner of use of a property or the strategy of our overall business, including changes in the estimated holding periods for hotel properties and land parcels, iii) a significant increase in competition, iv) a significant adverse change in legal factors or regulations, and v) significant negative industry or economic trends. When such factors are identified, we prepare an estimate of the undiscounted future cash flows of the specific property and determine if the carrying amount of the asset is recoverable. If an impairment is identified, we estimate the fair

value of the property based on discounted cash flows or sales price if the property is under contract and an adjustment is made to reduce the carrying value of the property to its estimated fair value.

Intangible Assets

We amortize intangible assets with determined finite useful lives using the straight-line method. We do not amortize intangible assets with indefinite useful lives, but we evaluate these assets for impairment annually or at interim periods if events or circumstances indicate that the asset may be impaired.

Assets Held for Sale

We periodically review our hotel properties and our land held for development based on established criteria such as age, type of franchise, adverse economic and competitive conditions, and strategic fit to identify properties that we believe are either non-strategic or no longer complement our business. Based on our review, we periodically market properties for sale that no longer meet our investment criteria.

We classify assets as Assets Held for Sale in the period in which certain criteria are met, including when the sale of the asset within one year is probable. Assets classified as Assets Held for Sale are no longer depreciated and are carried at the lower of carrying amount or fair value less selling costs.

Variable Interest Entities

We consolidate variable interest entities (each a “VIE”) if we determine that we are the primary beneficiary of the entity. When evaluating the accounting for a VIE, we consider the purpose for which the VIE was created, the importance of each of the activities in which it is engaged and our decision-making role, if any, in those activities that significantly determine the entity’s economic performance relative to other economic interest holders. We determine our rights, if any, to receive benefits or the obligation to absorb losses that could potentially be significant to the VIE by considering the economic interest in the entity, regardless of form, which may include debt, equity, management and servicing fees, or other contractual arrangements. We consider other relevant factors including each entity’s capital structure, contractual rights to earnings or obligations for losses, subordination of our interests relative to those of other investors, contingent payments, and other contractual arrangements that may be economically significant.

Additionally, we have in the past and may in the future enter into purchase and sale transactions in accordance with Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“IRC”), for the exchange of like-kind property to defer taxable gains on the sale of real estate properties (“1031 Exchange”). For reverse transactions under a 1031 Exchange in which we purchase a new property prior to selling the property to be matched in the like-kind exchange (we refer to a new property being acquired by us in the 1031 Exchange prior to the sale of the related property as a “Parked Asset”), legal title to the Parked Asset is held by a qualified intermediary engaged to execute the 1031 Exchange until the sale transaction and the 1031 Exchange is completed. We retain essentially all of the legal and economic benefits and obligations related to a Parked Asset prior to completion of a 1031 Exchange. As such, a Parked Asset is included in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations as a consolidated VIE until legal title is transferred to us upon completion of the 1031 Exchange.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. At times, cash on deposit may exceed the federally insured limit. We maintain our cash with high credit quality financial institutions.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash consists of certain funds maintained in escrow for property taxes, insurance, and certain capital expenditures. Funds may be disbursed from the account upon proof of expenditures and approval from the lender or other party requiring the restricted cash reserves.

Trade Receivables and Credit Policies

We grant credit to qualified customers, generally without collateral, in the form of trade accounts receivable. Trade receivables result from the rental of hotel guestrooms and the sales of food, beverage, and banquet services and are payable under normal trade terms. Trade receivables also include credit and debit card transactions that are in the process of being settled. Trade receivables are stated at the amount billed to the customer and do not accrue interest.

We regularly review the collectability of our trade receivables. A provision for losses is determined on the basis of previous loss experience and current economic conditions.

Deferred Charges, net

Initial franchise fees are capitalized and amortized over the term of the franchise agreement using the straight-line method.

Deferred Financing Fees

Debt issuance costs are presented as a direct deduction from the carrying value of the debt liability on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Debt issuance costs are amortized as a component of interest expense over the term of the related debt using the straight-line method, which approximates the interest method.

Non-controlling Interests

Non-controlling interests represent the portion of equity in a consolidated entity held by owners other than the consolidating parent. Non-controlling interests are reported in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets within equity, separately from stockholders’ equity. Revenue, expenses and net income attributable to both the Company and the non-controlling interests are reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include non-controlling interests related to common units of limited partnership interests (“Common Units”) in the Operating Partnership held by unaffiliated third parties.

Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue when guestrooms are occupied, services have been rendered or fees are earned. Revenues are recorded net of any sales and other taxes collected from customers. All discounts are recorded as a reduction to revenue. Cash received prior to guest arrival is recorded as an advance from the customer and is recognized as revenue at the time of occupancy.

Occupancy, Sales and Other Taxes

We have operations in states and municipalities that impose sales or other taxes on certain sales. We collect these taxes from our customers and remit the entire amount to the various governmental units. The taxes collected and remitted are excluded from revenues and are included in accrued expenses until remitted.

Equity-Based Compensation

Our 2011 Equity Incentive Plan, which was amended and restated effective June 15, 2015 (as amended, the “Equity Plan”), provides for the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, dividend equivalent rights, and other stock-based awards. We account for the stock options granted upon completion of our IPO at fair value using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and we account for all other awards of equity, including time-based and performance-based stock awards, using the grant date fair value of those equity awards. Restricted stock awards with performance-based vesting conditions are market-based awards tied to total stockholder return and are valued using a Monte Carlo simulation model in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Compensation — Stock Compensation. We expense the fair value of awards under the Equity Plan ratably over the vesting period and market-based awards are not adjusted for performance. The amount of stock-based compensation expense may be subject to adjustment in future periods due to a change in forfeiture assumptions or modification of previously granted awards.

Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging

All derivative financial instruments are recorded at fair value and reported as a derivative financial instrument asset or liability in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We use interest rate derivatives to hedge our risks on variable-rate debt. Interest rate derivatives could include swaps, caps and floors. We assess the effectiveness of each hedging relationship by comparing changes in fair value or cash flows of the derivative financial instrument with the changes in fair value or cash flows of the designated hedged item or transaction.

For interest rate derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, the effective portion of changes in fair value is initially reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive loss in the equity section of our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and reclassified to interest expense in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations in the period in which the hedged item affects earnings. The ineffective portion of changes in fair value is recognized in current earnings in other income (expense) in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Income Taxes

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under certain provisions of the IRC. To qualify as a REIT, we must meet certain organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement to distribute annually to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with GAAP. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax (other than taxes paid by our TRS at regular corporate income tax rates) to the extent we distribute 100% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate income tax rates and generally will be unable to re-elect REIT status until the fifth calendar year after the year in which we failed to qualify as a REIT, unless we satisfy certain relief provisions.

Substantially all of our assets are held by and all of our operations are conducted through our Operating Partnership. Partnerships are not subject to U.S. federal income taxes as revenues and expenses pass through to and are taxed on the owners. Generally, the states and cities where partnerships operate follow the U.S. federal income tax treatment. However, there are a limited number of local and state jurisdictions that tax the taxable income of the Operating Partnership. Accordingly, we provide for income taxes in these jurisdictions for the Operating Partnership.

Taxable income related to our TRS is subject to federal, state and local income taxes at applicable tax rates. Our consolidated income tax provision includes the income tax provision related to the operations of the TRS as well as state and local income taxes related to the Operating Partnership.

Where required, we account for federal and state income taxes using the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for: i) the future tax consequences attributable to differences between carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities based on GAAP and the respective carrying amounts for tax purposes, and ii) operating losses and tax-credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date of the change in tax rates. However, deferred tax assets are recognized only to the extent that it is more likely than not they will be realized based on consideration of available evidence, including future reversals of taxable temporary differences, future projected taxable income and tax planning strategies.

We perform a review of any uncertain tax positions and if necessary will record expected future tax consequences of uncertain tax positions in the financial statements.

Fair Value Measurement

Fair value measures are classified into a three-tiered fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value as follows:



Level 1:		Observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets.
Level 2:		Directly or indirectly observable inputs, other than quoted prices in active markets.
Level 3:		Unobservable inputs in which there is little or no market information, which require a reporting entity to develop its own assumptions.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value are based on one or more of the following valuation techniques:



Market approach:		Prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities.
Cost approach:		Amount required to replace the service capacity of an asset (replacement cost).
Income approach:		Techniques used to convert future amounts to a single amount based on market expectations (including present-value, option-pricing, and excess-earnings models).

Our estimates of fair value were determined using available market information and appropriate valuation methods. Considerable judgment is necessary to interpret market data and develop estimated fair value. The use of different market assumptions or estimation methods may have a material effect on the estimated fair value amounts. We classify assets and liabilities in the fair value hierarchy based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

We elected not to use the fair value option for cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, trade receivables, prepaid expenses and other, debt, accounts payable, and accrued expenses and other. With the exception of our fixed-rate debt (See “Note 4 — Debt”), the carrying amounts of these financial instruments approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature or variable interest rates.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts reported in previous periods have been reclassified to conform to the current presentation primarily as a result of the reclassification of certain intangible assets related to our acquisitions of hotel properties from Other assets to Investment in hotel properties, net, on the Company's balance sheet. These reclassifications had no net effect on the Company’s previously reported financial position or results of operations. See "Note 3 - Investment in Hotel Properties, net" for further details.

New Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. ASU No. 2014-09 will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP when it becomes effective. The standard permits the use of either the full retrospective adoption or a modified retrospective adoption. In July 2015, the FASB deferred the effective date to January 1, 2018 with early adoption beginning January 1, 2017. We expect to adopt ASU No. 2014-09 on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective adoption method. We have evaluated each of our revenue streams under the new model. Based on preliminary assessments, we do not expect the adoption of ASU No. 2014-09 to have a material effect on our financial position or our results of operations.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which enhances the reporting requirements for the measurement of financial instruments and requires equity securities to be measured at fair value with changes in the fair value recognized through net income for the period. ASU No. 2016-01 is effective for our fiscal year commencing on January 1, 2018. We do not expect the adoption of ASU No. 2016-01 to have a material effect on our financial position or our results of operations.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases, which changes lessee accounting to reflect the financial liability and right-of-use assets that are inherent to leasing an asset on the balance sheet. ASU No. 2016-02 is effective for our fiscal year commencing on January 1, 2019, but early adoption is permitted. We anticipate that we will adopt ASU No. 2016-02 for our fiscal year commencing on January 1, 2019. We expect to apply the modified retrospective approach such that we will account for leases that commenced before the effective date of ASU No. 2016-02 in accordance with previous GAAP unless the lease is modified, except we will recognize right-of-use assets and a lease liability for all operating leases at each reporting date based on the present value of the remaining minimum rental payments that were tracked and disclosed under previous GAAP.

The effect that the adoption of ASU No. 2016-02 will have on our financial position or results of operations is not currently reasonably estimable.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which addresses the Statement of Cash Flow classification and presentation of certain cash transactions. ASU No. 2016-15 is effective for our fiscal year commencing on January 1, 2018. The effect of this amendment is to be applied retrospectively where practical and early adoption is permitted. We expect to adopt ASU No. 2016-15 for our fiscal year commencing on January 1, 2018. We do not expect the adoption of ASU No. 2016-15 to have a material effect on our financial position or our results of operations.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18, Classification of Restricted Cash, which addresses the Statement of Cash Flow classification and presentation of restricted cash transactions. ASU No. 2016-18 is effective for our fiscal year commencing on January 1, 2018. The effect of this amendment is to be applied retrospectively and early adoption is permitted. We expect to adopt ASU No. 2016-18 for our fiscal year commencing on January 1, 2018. We do not expect the adoption of ASU No. 2016-18 to have a material effect on our financial position or our results of operations.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Clarifying the Definition of a Business, with the objective of providing guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as an acquisition of assets or a business. ASU No. 2017-01 is effective for our fiscal year commencing on January 1, 2018. The effect of this guidance is to be applied prospectively and early adoption is permitted. We have early adopted ASU No. 2017-01 for our fiscal year commencing on January 1, 2017. The adoption of ASU No. 2017-01 did not have a material effect on our financial position or our results of operations.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Scope of Modification Accounting, to provide guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting in accordance with ASC No. 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. ASC No. 2017-09 is effective for our fiscal year commencing on January 1, 2018. The effect of this guidance is to be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date and early adoption is permitted. The effect that the adoption of ASU No. 2017-09 will have on our financial position or results of operations is not currently reasonably estimable.

In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, with the objective of improving the financial reporting of hedging relationships to better portray the economic results of an entity’s risk management activities in its financial statements. ASC No. 2017-12 is effective for our fiscal year commencing on January 1, 2019, and early adoption is permitted. Based on our preliminary evaluation, the adoption of ASU No. 2017-12 will not have a material effect on our financial position or our results of operations.

NOTE 3 - INVESTMENT IN HOTEL PROPERTIES, NET

Investment in Hotel Properties, net

Investment in hotel properties, net at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is as follows (in thousands):



	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Land	$	237,652		$	178,423
Hotel buildings and improvements	1,745,059			1,433,389
Intangible assets	22,764			6,602
Construction in progress	13,602			22,490
Furniture, fixtures and equipment	152,562			129,437
	2,171,639			1,770,341
Less - accumulated depreciation and amortization	(268,690		)	(225,219		)
	$	1,902,949		$	1,545,122

Intangible assets included in Investment in hotel properties, net and intangible liabilities included in Accrued expenses and other in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets include the following (in thousands):



	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Intangible assets:
Air rights ⁽¹⁾	$	10,754		$	—
Favorable leases ⁽²⁾	10,569			6,032
In-place lease agreements	1,361			570
Other	80			—
	22,764			6,602
Less accumulated amortization	(796		)	(348		)
Intangible assets, net	$	21,968		$	6,254

Intangible liabilities:
Unfavorable leases ⁽²⁾	$	5,002		$	5,002
Less accumulated amortization	(261		)	(190		)
Intangible liabilities, net	$	4,741		$	4,812


(1)	In conjunction with the acquisition of the Courtyard by Marriott - Charlotte, NC, the Company acquired certain air rights related to the hotel property.

(2)

Intangible assets and liabilities are recorded on contracts assumed as part of the acquisition of certain hotels. Above-market and below-market contract values are based on the present value of the difference between contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the contracts assumed and our estimate of the fair market contract rates for corresponding contracts measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable term of the contracts assumed. Intangible assets and liabilities are amortized over the remaining non-cancelable term of the related contracts.

Investment in Hotel Properties Under Development

We are developing a hotel in Orlando, FL on a parcel of land that we own. We expect the total development costs for the construction of the hotel to be approximately $30.0 million. We have incurred $16.0 million of costs to date and we have reclassified the $2.8 million carrying amount of the land parcel from Land Held for Development to Investment in Hotel Properties Under Development during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as a result of our development activities.

Assets Held for Sale

Assets held for sale at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 include the following (in thousands):



	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Land	$	1,193	$	10,907
Hotel buildings and improvements	—		44,718
Furniture, fixtures and equipment	—		6,649
Franchise fees and other	—		421
	$	1,193	$	62,695

Assets Held for Sale at September 30, 2017 included land parcels in Spokane, WA and Flagstaff, AZ, which were being actively marketed for sale. Assets Held for Sale at December 31, 2016 include the hotel properties related to the ARCH Sale and the land parcels in Spokane, WA and Flagstaff, AZ, which were being actively marketed for sale.

ARCH Sale

down of our unsecured revolving credit facility by $105.0 million. Additionally, we repaid a mortgage loan totaling $5.8 million related to the sale of a hotel to ARCH. The ARCH Sale resulted in a $56.8 million gain, of which $20.0 million was initially deferred related to seller financing that we provided as described below.

In connection with the ARCH Sale, the Operating Partnership entered into a loan agreement with ARCH, as borrower, which provided for a loan by the Operating Partnership to ARCH in the amount of $27.5 million (the “Loan” or "Loan Agreement"). The proceeds of the Loan were required to be applied by ARCH as follows: (i) $20.0 million was applied toward the payment of a portion of the $108.3 million purchase price for the six hotels acquired by ARCH as part of the ARCH Sale; and (ii) the remaining $7.5 million was applied by ARCH to fund the escrow deposit required for the purchase of eight hotels as described below. Through December 31, 2016, we had recognized as income $5.0 million of the deferred gain upon receipt of scheduled repayments of the principal balance of the loan from ARCH. On March 31, 2017, ARCH repaid the remaining $22.5 million principal balance of the Loan and payment-in-kind (“PIK”) interest of $1.2 million. As such, we recognized as income during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 the remaining $15.0 million of the deferred gain related to the sale of six hotels to ARCH.

Pursuant to an agreement entered into by the Company and an affiliate of ARCH on February 11, 2016, as such agreement was subsequently modified and extended, the affiliate of ARCH was to purchase ten of the Company's hotels. Two of the hotels were sold during 2016 to a purchaser not affiliated with ARCH as permitted by the agreement.

On April 27, 2017, we completed the sale of seven of the remaining eight hotels to an affiliate of ARCH for a total purchase price of $66.8 million, resulting in a net gain of approximately $16.0 million. The seven hotels sold were as follows:



Hotel	Location	Guestrooms
Courtyard by Marriott	Jackson, MS	117
Courtyard by Marriott	Germantown, TN	93
Fairfield Inn & Suites	Germantown, TN	80
Homewood Suites	Ridgeland, MS	91
Residence Inn	Jackson, MS	100
Residence Inn	Germantown, TN	78
Staybridge Suites	Ridgeland, MS	92
Total		651

The proceeds from this sale were used to complete a 1031 Exchange, which resulted in the deferral of taxable gains of approximately $20.8 million. The hotel acquired by us for the 1031 Exchange was the 261-guestroom Courtyard by Marriott, Fort Lauderdale, FL for a purchase price of $85.0 million on May 23, 2017.

On June 2, 2017, we completed the sale of the Courtyard by Marriott, El Paso, TX, which was the final hotel under contract for sale to ARCH, to a third-party purchaser that is unrelated to ARCH. The sale of this property resulted in the realization of a net gain of $0.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017. As a result of this sale, ARCH has fulfilled its purchase obligations to us.

Other Asset Sales

On March 30, 2017, we completed the sale of the Hyatt Place in Atlanta, GA for $14.5 million and repaid a related mortgage loan totaling $6.5 million. The sale of this property resulted in the realization of a net gain of $4.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

On July 21, 2017, we completed the sale of three hotel properties in Fort Worth, TX for an aggregate sales price of $27.8 million, resulting in a net gain of $8.1 million. The proceeds from this sale were used to complete a 1031 Exchange, which resulted in the deferral of taxable gains of $8.6 million.

At December 31, 2015, we held two notes receivable totaling $2.7 million related to seller-financing for the sale in a prior year of two hotel properties in Emporia, KS (each an "Emporia Property"). The loans had matured and the buyer was in payment default under the terms of the loans. We were awarded legal title to one Emporia Property through foreclosure. We also purchased an additional note receivable from the first priority lien holder for the Emporia Property for which foreclosure proceedings were ongoing to facilitate the completion of the reacquisition of this Emporia Property through a foreclosure. On April 15, 2016, we completed the sale of the reacquired Emporia Property to a third-party purchaser that was unrelated to the prior owner. On May 18, 2016, we completed the sale of the first and second lien notes related to the remaining Emporia Property to the same purchaser. The aggregate selling price of the Emporia Properties was approximately $4.5 million. As a result of the foreclosure activities and the sale of the notes, we have no further interest in either Emporia Property.

Hotel Property Acquisitions

A summary of the hotel properties acquired during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 is as follows (in thousands):



Date Acquired	Franchise/Brand	Location	Purchase Price
For the nine months ended September 30, 2017
March 1, 2017	Homewood Suites	Aliso Viejo (Laguna Beach), CA	$	38,000
March 30, 2017	Hyatt Place	Phoenix (Mesa), AZ	22,200
May 23, 2017	Courtyard by Marriott	Fort Lauderdale, FL	85,000
June 9, 2017	Courtyard by Marriott	Charlotte, NC	56,250
June 21, 2017	Courtyard by Marriott	Fort Worth, TX	40,000
June 21, 2017	Courtyard by Marriott	Kansas City, MO	24,500
June 21, 2017	Courtyard by Marriott	Pittsburgh, PA	42,000
June 21, 2017	Hampton Inn & Suites	Baltimore, MD	18,000
June 21, 2017	Residence Inn by Marriott	Baltimore, MD	38,500
July 13, 2017	AC Hotel by Marriott	Atlanta, GA	57,500
			$	421,950	(1)
For the nine months ended September 30, 2016
January 19, 2016	Courtyard by Marriott	Nashville, TN	$	71,000
January 20, 2016	Residence Inn by Marriott	Atlanta, GA	38,000
August 9, 2016	Marriott	Boulder, CO	61,400
			$	170,400	(2)


(1)	The net assets acquired totaled $424.8 million due to the purchase at settlement of $0.6 million of net working capital and other assets and capitalized transaction costs of $2.2 million.


(2)	The net assets acquired totaled $169.7 million due to the purchase at settlement of $0.7 million of net liabilities.

The allocation of the aggregate purchase prices to the fair value of assets and liabilities acquired for the above acquisitions is as follows (in thousands):



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017				2016
Land	$	63,339			$	23,288
Hotel buildings and improvements	328,395				143,195
Intangible assets	16,162				442
Furniture, fixtures and equipment	16,294				2,948
Other assets	1,937				504
Total assets acquired	426,127				170,377
Less - other liabilities assumed	(1,354		)		(723		)
Net assets acquired	$	424,773		(1)	$	169,654		(2)


(1)	The net assets acquired totaled $424.8 million due to the purchase at settlement of $0.6 million of net working capital and other assets and capitalized transaction costs of $2.2 million.


(2)	The net assets acquired totaled $169.7 million due to the purchase at settlement of $0.7 million of net liabilities.

Under ASU No. 2017-01, all hotel purchases completed in 2017 were deemed to be the acquisition of assets. Therefore, acquisition costs related to these transactions have been capitalized as part of the recorded amount of the acquired assets.

Total revenues and net income for hotel properties acquired in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, which are included in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, are as follows (in thousands):



	2017 Acquisitions ⁽¹⁾		2016 Acquisitions ⁽²⁾				2017 Acquisitions ⁽¹⁾		2016 Acquisitions ⁽²⁾
	For the		For the				For the		For the
	Three Months Ended September 30,		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2017		2016		2017		2017		2016
Revenues	$	20,913	$	9,233	$	8,071	$	28,283	$	25,929	$	18,582
Net income	$	1,960	$	1,734	$	2,568	$	3,816	$	4,965	$	5,284


(1)	Net income for the 2017 Acquisitions includes depreciation expense, real estate tax expense, interest expense, and other corporate expenses totaling $7.0 million and $8.5 million for three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.


(2)	Net income for the 2016 Acquisitions includes depreciation expense, real estate tax expense, interest expense, and other corporate expenses totaling $3.0 million and $1.9 million for three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $8.2 million and $4.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

The results of operations of acquired hotel properties are included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations beginning on their respective acquisition dates. The following unaudited pro forma information includes operating results for 79 hotels owned as of September 30, 2017 as if all such hotels had been owned by us since January 1, 2016. For hotels acquired by us after January 1, 2016 (the "Acquired Hotels"), we have included in the pro forma information the financial results of each of the Acquired Hotels for the period from January 1, 2016 to the date the Acquired Hotels were purchased by us (the "Preacquisition Period"). The financial results for the Pre-Acquisition Period were provided by the third-party owner of such Acquired Hotel prior to purchase by us and such information has not been audited or reviewed by our auditors or adjusted by us. For hotels sold by us between January 1, 2016 and September 30, 2017 (the "Disposed Hotels"), the unaudited pro forma information excludes the financial results of each of the Disposed Hotels for the period of ownership by us from January 1, 2016 through the date that the Disposed Hotels were sold by us. The unaudited pro forma information is included to enable comparison of results for the current reporting period to results for the comparable period of the prior year and is not indicative of what actual results of operations would have been had the hotel acquisitions and dispositions taken place on or before January 1, 2016. The pro forma amounts exclude the gain on the sale of hotel properties during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively. This information does not purport to be indicative of or represent results of operations for future periods.

The unaudited condensed pro forma financial information for the 79 hotel properties owned at September 30, 2017 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 is as follows (in thousands, except per share):



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Revenues	$	136,369	$	135,373	$	405,289	$	408,104
Income from hotel operations	$	50,458	$	52,250	$	152,282	$	160,450
Net income before taxes⁽¹⁾	$	14,234	$	25,181	$	58,044	$	79,569
Net income ⁽¹⁾	$	14,465	$	26,426	$	57,431	$	76,108
Net income attributable to common stockholders, net of amount allocated to participating securities ⁽¹⁾	$	10,162	$	21,275	$	44,359	$	62,357
Basic and diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders ⁽¹⁾	$	0.10	$	0.25	$	0.45	$	0.72
Diluted net income per share attributable to common stockholders ⁽¹⁾	$	0.10	$	0.24	$	0.45	$	0.71


(1)	Pro Forma amounts include depreciation expense, real estate tax expense, interest expense, income tax expense, and other corporate expenses totaling $46.2 million and $34.3 million for three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and $124.3 million and $110.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

NOTE 4 - DEBT

At September 30, 2017 our indebtedness is comprised of borrowings under a $450.0 million senior unsecured credit facility, the 2015 Term Loan (as defined below), the 2017 Term Loan (as defined below), and indebtedness secured by first priority mortgage liens on various hotel properties. At December 31, 2016, our indebtedness is comprised of borrowings under a $450.0 million senior unsecured credit facility, the 2015 Term Loan (as defined below), and indebtedness secured by first priority mortgage liens on various hotel properties. The weighted average interest rate, after giving effect to our interest rate derivative, for all borrowings was 3.78% at September 30, 2017 and 3.69% at December 31, 2016.

Debt, net of debt issuance costs, is as follows (in thousands):



	September 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
Revolving debt	$	40,000		$	50,000
Term loans	415,000			290,000
Mortgage loans	322,464			317,550
	777,464			657,550
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(5,189		)	(5,136		)
Debt, net of debt issuance costs	$	772,275		$	652,414

Our total fixed-rate and variable-rate debt, after giving effect to our interest rate derivative, is as follows (in thousands):



	September 30, 2017		December 31, 2016
Fixed-rate debt	$	365,446	$	359,867
Variable-rate debt	412,018		297,683
	$	777,464	$	657,550

Information about the fair value of our fixed-rate debt that is not recorded at fair value is as follows (in thousands):



	September 30, 2017				December 31, 2016
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Valuation Technique
Fixed-rate debt	$	290,446	$	293,207	$	284,867	$	283,416	Level 2 - Market approach

At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, we had $75.0 million of debt with variable interest rates that had been converted to fixed interest rates through a derivative financial instrument which is carried at fair value. Differences between carrying value and fair value of our fixed-rate debt are primarily due to changes in interest rates. Inherently, fixed-rate debt is subject to fluctuations in fair value as a result of changes in the current market rate of interest on the valuation date. For additional information on our use of derivatives as interest rate hedges, refer to "Note 5 — Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging."

$450 Million Senior Unsecured Credit Facility

On January 15, 2016, the Operating Partnership, as borrower, the Company, as parent guarantor, and each party executing the loan documentation as a subsidiary guarantor, entered into a $450.0 million senior unsecured credit facility (the “2016 Unsecured Credit Facility”), which replaced the previous $300.0 million senior unsecured credit facility that was in place. The 2016 Unsecured Credit Facility is comprised of a $300.0 million revolving credit facility (the “$300 Million Revolver”) and a $150.0 million term loan (the “$150 Million Term Loan”). At September 30, 2017, the maximum amount of borrowing provided by the 2016 Unsecured Credit Facility was $450.0 million, of which we had $190.0 million borrowed and $260.0 million available to borrow.

The 2016 Unsecured Credit Facility has an accordion feature which will allow the Company to increase the total commitments by an aggregate of up to $150.0 million. The $300 Million Revolver will mature on March 31, 2020 and can be extended to March 31, 2021 at the Company’s option, subject to certain conditions. The $150 Million Term Loan will mature on March 31, 2021.

The Company pays interest on revolving credit advances at varying rates based upon, at the Company’s option, either (i) 1-, 2-, 3- or 6-month LIBOR, plus a margin of between 1.50% and 2.25%, depending upon the Company’s leverage ratio (as defined in the 2016 Unsecured Credit Facility agreement), or (ii) the applicable base rate, which is the greatest of the administrative agent’s prime rate, the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, and 1-month LIBOR plus 1.00%, plus a base rate margin of between 0.50% and 1.25%, depending upon the Company’s leverage ratio. The interest rate at September 30, 2017 was 2.88%.

Financial and Other Covenants. We are required to comply with a series of financial and other covenants to borrow under this credit facility. At September 30, 2017, we were in compliance with all required covenants.

Unencumbered Assets. The 2016 Unsecured Credit Facility is unsecured. However, borrowings under the 2016 Unsecured Credit Facility are limited by the value of hotel assets that qualify as unencumbered assets. At September 30, 2017, the Company had 46 unencumbered hotel properties (the "Unencumbered Properties") supporting the 2016 Unsecured Credit Facility.

An interest rate swap entered into on September 5, 2013 with a notional value of $75.0 million, an effective date of January 2, 2014 and a maturity date of October 1, 2018 remains outstanding. This interest rate swap was designated as a cash flow hedge and effectively fixes LIBOR at 2.04% which results in a fixed interest rate of 3.49% on $75.0 million of the $150 Million Term Loan.

Unsecured Term Loans

2015 Term Loan

On April 7, 2015, our Operating Partnership, as borrower, the Company, as parent guarantor, and each party executing the term loan documentation as a subsidiary guarantor, entered into a $125.0 million unsecured term loan (the “2015 Term Loan”). The 2015 Term Loan matures on April 7, 2022 and has an accordion feature which allows us to increase the total commitments by an aggregate of $75.0 million prior to the maturity date, subject to certain conditions. At closing, we were advanced the full $125.0 million amount of the 2015 Term Loan and on April 21, 2015, we were advanced $15.0 million upon exercise of the accordion. All proceeds were used to pay down the principal balance of our $225.0 million revolving credit facility provided under the former $300.0 million senior unsecured credit facility. We pay interest on advances equal to the sum of LIBOR or the administrative agent’s prime rate and the applicable margin. Interest on the outstanding balance of $140 million is currently being paid at an annual rate of 3.18% based on LIBOR at September 30, 2017.

Borrowings under the 2015 Term Loan are limited by the value of hotel assets that qualify as unencumbered assets. As of September 30, 2017, the 46 Unencumbered Properties also supported the 2015 Term Loan.

2017 Term Loan

On September 26, 2017, our Operating Partnership, as borrower, the Company, as parent guarantor, and each party executing the term loan documentation as a subsidiary guarantor, entered into a $225.0 million unsecured term loan (the "2017 Term Loan") with KeyBank National Association, as administrative agent, Deutsche Bank AG New York Branch and Bank of America, N.A., as co-syndication agents, KeyBanc Capital Markets, Inc., Deutsche Bank Securities, Inc., and Merrill Lynch Pierce Fenner & Smith, as joint bookrunners and joint lead arrangers, and a syndicate of lenders including KeyBank National Association, Deutsche Bank AG New York Branch, Bank of America, N.A., Capital One, National Association, PNC Bank, National Association, Regions Bank, Raymond James Bank, N.A., Royal Bank of Canada, Branch Banking and Trust Company, and U.S. Bank National Association.

The 2017 Term Loan has an accordion feature which allows us to increase the total commitments by an aggregate of $175.0 million prior to the maturity date, subject to certain conditions. The 2017 Term Loan matures on November 25, 2022.

We pay interest on advances at varying rates, based upon, at our option, either (i) 1, 2, 3, or 6-month LIBOR, plus a LIBOR margin between 1.45% and 2.20%, depending upon our leverage ratio (as defined in the loan documents), or (ii) the applicable base rate, which is the greatest of the administrative agent’s prime rate, the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, and 1-month LIBOR plus 1.00%, plus a base rate margin between 0.45% and 1.20%, depending upon our leverage ratio. We are required to pay other fees, including customary arrangement and administrative fees.

Financial and Other Covenants. In addition, we are required to comply with a series of financial and other covenants in order to borrow and maintain borrowings under the 2017 Term Loan. At September 30, 2017 we are in compliance with all financial covenants.

Unencumbered Assets. The 2017 Term Loan is unsecured. However, borrowings under the term loan are limited by the value of hotel assets that qualify as unencumbered assets. As of September 30, 2017, the 46 Unencumbered Properties also supported the 2017 Term Loan.

We have the ability to delay draws of the principal amount of the term loan and, in addition to making a draw at closing, we may make up to three additional draws prior to September 20, 2018. Beginning December 25, 2017, we pay a facility unused fee of 0.25% per annum on the unused principal amount of the loan.

On September 26, 2017, we drew $125.0 million of the $225.0 million available under the 2017 Term Loan and used the proceeds to pay down the principal balance of our $300 Million Revolver.

Metabank Loan

On June 30, 2017, we entered into a $47.6 million secured, non-recourse loan with Metabank (the "Metabank Loan"). The Metabank Loan includes a delayed draw feature, at no additional cost, whereby $25.0 million of the total loan commitment must be drawn within 90 days of the closing date and the remaining loan commitment must be drawn by December 31, 2017. At September 30, 2017, we had drawn $25.0 million on the Metabank Loan. The Metabank Loan provides for a fixed interest rate of 4.44% and interest only payments for 18 months following the closing date. After this 18 month period, the loan is amortized on a 25-year amortization schedule through the maturity date of July 1, 2027. The Metabank Loan is secured by the Residence Inn in Salt Lake City, UT, the Four Points by Sheraton Hotel & Suites in South San Francisco, CA, and the Hyatt Place in Mesa, AZ. The Metabank Loan is subject to a prepayment penalty if prepaid prior to April 1, 2027.

Term Loans

At September 30, 2017, we had $737.5 million in secured and unsecured term loans outstanding (including the $150 Million Term Loan, the 2015 Term Loan, the 2017 Term Loan and the Metabank Loan described above). Term loans totaling $322.5 million are secured primarily by first mortgage liens on certain hotel properties.

NOTE 5 - DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING

Information about our derivative financial instruments at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 is as follows (dollars in thousands):



	September 30, 2017						December 31, 2016
	Number of Instruments	Notional Amount		Fair Value			Number of Instruments	Notional Amount		Fair Value
Interest rate swaps (liability)	1	$	75,000	$	(438	)	1	$	75,000	$	(1,118	)
	1	$	75,000	$	(438	)	1	$	75,000	$	(1,118	)

Our interest rate swap has been designated as a cash flow hedge and is valued using a market approach, which is a Level 2 valuation technique. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, our interest rate swap was in a liability position. The interest rate swap expires on October 1, 2018. We are not required to post any collateral related to this agreement and are not in breach of any financial provisions of the agreement.

The table below details the presentation in the financial statements of the gain or loss recognized on derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges (in thousands):



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Gain (loss) recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income on derivative financial instruments (effective portion)	$	2		$	248		$	92		$	(1,008	)
Loss reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income to interest expense (effective portion)	$	(155	)	$	(297	)	$	(588	)	$	(906	)
Gain recognized in Other Expense (ineffective portion)	$	—		$	19		$	—		$	—

Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivative financial instruments will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on the hedged variable-rate debt. In the next twelve months, we estimate that an additional $0.4 million will be reclassified from Other Comprehensive Income and recorded as an increase to interest expense.

NOTE 6 - EQUITY

Common Stock

The Company is authorized to issue up to 500,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share. Each outstanding share of our common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors and, except as may be provided with respect to any other class or series of stock, the holders of such shares possess the exclusive voting power.

On May 9, 2017, the Company and the Operating Partnership, entered into an underwriting agreement (the “Underwriting Agreement”) with Raymond James & Associates, Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., as the representatives of the several underwriters named therein, relating to the issuance and sale of 9,000,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Common Stock”), at a public offering price of $16.50 per share, less an underwriting discount of $0.66 per share. Pursuant to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, the Company granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 1,350,000 shares of common stock on the same terms, which the underwriters exercised in full on May 10, 2017. The closing of the offering occurred on May 15, 2017 for net proceeds of $163.8 million, after the underwriting discount and offering-related expenses of $7.0 million.

On May 25, 2017, the Company and the Operating Partnership entered into separate sales agreements (collectively, the “Sales Agreements”) with each of Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated, Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., RBC Capital Markets, LLC, KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., Canaccord Genuity Inc., Jefferies LLC, BB&T Capital Markets, a division of BB&T Securities, LLC, and BTIG, LLC (collectively, the “Sales Agents”), pursuant to which the Company may sell the Company’s shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $200.0 million (the “Shares”), from time to time through the Sales Agents, each acting as a sales agent and/or principal. At the same time, the Company terminated each of the sales agreements entered into in connection with its prior at-the-market offering program, which was established in August 2016 and under which 6,151,514 shares of the Company’s common stock were sold for net proceeds of approximately $89.1 million.

Pursuant to the Sales Agreements, the Shares may be offered and sold through any Sales Agent in transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, including sales made directly on the New York Stock Exchange or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange or, with the prior consent of the Company, in privately negotiated transactions. Each Sales Agent will be entitled to compensation equal to up to 2.0% of the gross proceeds of the Shares sold through such Sales Agent from time to time under the related Sales Agreement. The Company has no obligation to sell any of the Shares under the Sales Agreements and may at any time suspend solicitations and offers under, or terminate, any of the Sales Agreements.

Changes in common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were as follows:



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016
Beginning common shares outstanding	93,525,469		86,793,521
Stock Offering	10,350,000		—
Grants under the Equity Plan	366,679		446,686
Common Unit redemptions	52,808		61,056
Exercise of stock options	—		37,684
Annual grants to independent directors	28,426		32,180
Common stock issued for director fees	3,553		5,851
Forfeitures	(1,237	)	(406	)
Shares retained for employee tax withholding requirements	(59,111	)	(61,622	)
Ending common shares outstanding	104,266,587		87,314,950

Preferred Stock

The Company is authorized to issue up to 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, of which 90,600,000 is currently undesignated, 3,000,000 shares have been designated as 7.875% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series B preferred shares”), 3,400,000 shares have been designated as 7.125% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the “Series C preferred shares”), and 3,000,000 shares have been designated as 6.45% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock (the "Series D preferred shares").

The Company completed the offering of 3,000,000 Series D preferred shares on June 28, 2016 for net proceeds of $72.3 million, after the underwriting discount and offering-related expenses of $2.7 million.

On October 28, 2016, the Company paid $50.7 million to redeem all 2,000,000 of its outstanding Series A preferred shares at a redemption price of $25 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends.

The Company's outstanding shares of preferred stock (collectively, “Preferred Shares”) rank senior to our common stock and on parity with each other with respect to the payment of dividends and distributions of assets in the event of a liquidation, dissolution, or winding up. The Preferred Shares do not have any maturity date and are not subject to mandatory redemption or sinking fund requirements. The Company may not redeem the Series B preferred shares, Series C preferred shares or Series D preferred shares prior to December 11, 2017, March 20, 2018, and June 28, 2021, respectively, except in limited circumstances relating to the Company’s continuing qualification as a REIT or in connection with certain changes in control. After those dates, the Company may, at its option, redeem the applicable Preferred Shares, in whole or from time to time in part, by payment of $25 per share, plus any accumulated, accrued and unpaid distributions up to, but not including, the date of redemption. If the Company does not exercise its rights to redeem the Preferred Shares upon certain changes in control, the holders of the Preferred Shares have the right to convert some or all of their shares into a number of the Company’s common shares based on a defined formula, subject to a share cap, or alternative consideration. The share cap on each Series B preferred share is 5.6497 shares of common stock, each Series C preferred share is 5.1440 shares of common stock, and each Series D preferred share is 3.9216 shares of common stock, all subject to certain adjustments.

The Company pays dividends at an annual rate of $1.96875 for each Series B preferred share, $1.78125 for each Series C preferred share, and $1.6125 for each Series D preferred share. Dividend payments are made quarterly in arrears on or about the last day of February, May, August and November of each year.

Non-controlling Interests in Operating Partnership

Pursuant to the limited partnership agreement of our Operating Partnership, beginning on February 14, 2012, the unaffiliated third parties who hold Common Units in our Operating Partnership have the right to cause us to redeem their Common Units in exchange for cash based upon the fair value of an equivalent number of our shares of common stock at the time of redemption; however, the Company has the option to redeem Common Units with shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis. The number of shares of our common stock issuable upon redemption of Common Units may be adjusted upon the occurrence of certain events such as share dividend payments, share subdivisions or combinations.

At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, unaffiliated third parties owned 343,905 and 396,713 Common Units of the Operating Partnership, respectively, representing less than a 1% limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership for each period.

We classify outstanding Common Units held by unaffiliated third parties as non-controlling interests in the Operating Partnership, a component of equity in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The portion of net income allocated to these Common Units is reported on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations as net income attributable to non-controlling interests of the Operating Partnership.

Leasehold Venture

At March 31, 2016, we owned a majority interest in a joint venture that owned a fee simple interest in a hotel property and we also owned a minority interest in a related joint venture (“Leasehold Venture”) that held a leasehold interest in the property. On June 30, 2016, our joint venture partner in the Leasehold Venture exercised a put option to sell its joint venture interest in the Leasehold Venture to us for $0.4 million. We finalized the transaction in July 2016 and we now own 100% of the fee simple interest and leasehold interest in the hotel property effective July 31, 2016.

NOTE 7 - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENT

The following table presents information about our financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016. In instances in which the inputs used to measure fair value fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy, we classify assets and liabilities based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement in its entirety requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability.

Disclosures concerning financial instruments measured at fair value are as follows (in thousands):



	Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2017 using
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	438	$	—	$	438



	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2016 using
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Liabilities:
Interest rate swaps	$	—	$	1,118	$	—	$	1,118

NOTE 8 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Restricted Cash

The Company maintains reserve funds for property taxes, insurance, capital expenditures and replacement or refurbishment of furniture, fixtures and equipment at some of our hotel properties in accordance with management, franchise or mortgage loan agreements. These agreements generally require us to reserve cash ranging from 3% to 5% of the revenues of the individual hotel in restricted cash escrow accounts. Any unused restricted cash balances revert to us upon the termination of the underlying agreement or may be released to us from the restricted cash escrow accounts upon proof of expenditures and approval from the lender or other party requiring the restricted cash reserves. At September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, approximately $28.9 million and $24.9 million, respectively, was available in restricted cash reserve funds for property taxes, insurance, capital expenditures and replacement or refurbishment of furniture, fixtures and equipment at our hotel properties.

Ground Leases

We lease land for one hotel property in Duluth, GA under the terms of an operating ground lease agreement expiring April 1, 2069. We have two prepaid land leases for two hotel properties in Portland, OR which expire in June of 2084 and had remaining prepaid balances of approximately $3.2 million and $3.3 million at September 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively. We have one option to extend these leases for an additional 14 years. We lease land for one hotel property in Houston (Galleria Area), TX under the terms of an operating ground lease agreement with an initial termination date of April 20, 2053 and one option to extend for an additional 10 years. We lease land for one hotel property in Austin, TX with an initial lease termination date of May 31, 2050. We lease land for one hotel property in Baltimore (Hunt Valley), MD with a lease termination date of December 31, 2019 and twelve remaining options to extend for five additional years per extension. Total rent expense for ground leases for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $0.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively. Total rent expense for ground leases for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was $1.3 million and $1.2 million, respectively.

In addition, we lease land for one hotel property in Garden City, NY under a PILOT (payment in lieu of taxes) lease. We pay a reduced amount of property tax each year of the lease as rent. The lease expires on December 31, 2019. Upon expiration of the lease, we expect to exercise our right to acquire a fee simple interest in the hotel for nominal consideration.

Franchise Agreements

All of our hotel properties operate under franchise agreements with major hotel franchisors. The terms of our franchise agreements generally range from 10 to 20 years with various extension provisions. Each franchisor receives franchise fees ranging from 2% to 6% of each hotel property’s gross revenue, and some agreements require that we pay marketing fees of up to 4% of gross revenue. In addition, some of these franchise agreements require that we deposit a percentage of the hotel property’s gross revenue, generally not more than 5%, into a reserve fund for capital expenditures. We also pay fees to our franchisors for services such as reservation and information systems. During the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, we expensed fees related to our franchise agreements of $11.4 million and $9.3 million, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, we expensed fees related to our franchise agreements of $30.8 million and $28.3 million, respectively.

Management Agreements

Our hotel properties operate pursuant to management agreements with various professional third-party management companies. The terms of our management agreements range from three to 25 years with various extension provisions. Each management company receives a base management fee, generally a percentage of total hotel property revenues. In some cases there are also monthly fees for certain services, such as accounting, based on the number of guestrooms. Generally there are also incentive fees based on attaining certain financial thresholds. Management fee expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were $4.2 million and $4.2 million, respectively. Management fee expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 were $14.0 million and $14.9 million, respectively.

Litigation

We are involved from time to time in litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. We are currently involved in litigation related to the settlement of a contractual obligation related to the purchase of a hotel property in 2012. We have accrued the amount of our expected liability to settle the contractual obligation at September 30, 2017. We are not currently aware of any actions against us that we believe would have a material effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

NOTE 9 - EQUITY-BASED COMPENSATION

Our currently outstanding equity-based awards were issued under the Equity Plan which provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, dividend equivalent rights, and other equity-based awards or incentive awards.

Stock options granted may be either incentive stock options or non-qualified stock options. Vesting terms may vary with each grant, and stock option terms are generally five to ten years. We have outstanding equity-based awards in the form of stock options and restricted stock awards. All of our outstanding equity-based awards are classified as equity awards.

Stock Options Granted Under our Equity Plan

As of September 30, 2017, we had 235,000 outstanding and exercisable stock options with a weighted average exercise price of $9.75 per share, weighted average contractual term of 3.4 years and an aggregate intrinsic value of $1.5 million.

Time-Based Restricted Stock Awards Made Pursuant to Our Equity Plan

On March 6, 2017, we granted time-based restricted stock awards for 16,079 shares of common stock to certain of our non-executive employees. The awards vest over a four-year period based on continued service (20% on March 9, 2018, 2019 and 2020, and 40% on March 9, 2021).

On March 6, 2017, we granted time-based restricted stock awards for 120,024 shares of common stock to our executive officers. On April 18, 2017, we granted a time-based restricted stock award for 20,215 shares of common stock to an executive officer. The awards vest 25% on March 9, 2018, 25% on March 9, 2019 and 50% on March 9, 2020, based on continuous service through the vesting dates or in certain circumstances upon a change in control.

On February 24, 2016, we granted time-based restricted stock awards for 22,010 shares of common stock to certain of our non-executive employees. The awards vest over a four-year period based on continued service (20% on March 9, 2017, 2018 and 2019, and 40% on March 9, 2020). On March 8, 2016, we granted time-based restricted stock awards for 169,707 shares of common stock to our executive officers. The awards vest 25% on March 9, 2017, 25% on March 9, 2018 and 50% on March 9, 2019, based on continuous service through the vesting dates or in certain circumstances upon a change in control.

The holders of these awards have the right to vote the related shares of common stock and receive all dividends declared and paid whether or not vested. The fair value of time-based restricted stock awards granted is calculated based on the market value of our common stock on the date of grant.

The following table summarizes time-based restricted stock award activity under our Equity Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2017:



	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Aggregate Current Value
			(per share)		(in thousands)
Non-vested at December 31, 2016	357,845		$	11.90	$	5,736
Granted	156,318		15.52
Vested	(120,366	)	11.29
Forfeited	(1,237	)	13.57
Non-vested at September 30, 2017	392,560		$	13.52	$	6,277

Performance-Based Restricted Stock Awards Made Pursuant to Our Equity Plan

On March 6, 2017, we granted performance-based restricted stock awards for 180,039 shares of common stock to our executive officers. On April 18, 2017, we granted a performance-based restricted stock award for 30,322 shares of common stock to an executive officer. Our performance-based restricted stock awards are market-based awards and are accounted for based on the fair value of our common stock on the grant date. The fair value of the performance-based restricted stock awards granted was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model. These awards generally vest based on our percentile ranking within the SNL U.S. REIT Hotel Index at the end of the period beginning on March 6, 2017 and ending on the earlier of March 6,

2020 or upon a change in control. The awards require continued service during the measurement period and are subject to the other conditions described in the Equity Plan or award document.

On March 8, 2016, we granted performance-based restricted stock awards for 254,563 shares of common stock to our executive officers. Our performance-based restricted stock awards are market-based awards and are accounted for based on the fair value of our common stock on the grant date. The fair value of the performance-based restricted stock awards granted was estimated using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model. These awards generally vest based on our percentile ranking within the SNL U.S. REIT Hotel Index at the end of the period beginning on March 8, 2016 and ending on the earlier of March 8, 2019 or upon a change in control. The awards require continued service during the measurement period and are subject to the other conditions described in the Equity Plan or award document.

The number of shares the executive officers may earn under these awards range from zero shares to twice the number of shares granted based on our percentile ranking within the index at the end of the measurement period. In addition, a portion of the performance-based shares may be earned based on the Company's absolute total shareholder return calculated during the performance period. The holders of these grants have the right to vote the granted shares of common stock and any dividends declared will be accumulated and will be subject to the same vesting conditions as the awards. Further, if additional shares are earned based on our percentile ranking within the index, dividend payments will be issued as if the additional shares had been held throughout the measurement period.

The following table summarizes performance-based restricted stock activity under the Equity Plan for the nine months ended September 30, 2017:



	Number of Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value (1)		Aggregate Current Value
			(per share)		(in thousands)
Non-vested at December 31, 2016	449,027		$	14.90	$	7,198
Granted	210,361		17.13
Vested	(39,959	)	7.12
Non-vested at September 30, 2017	619,429		$	16.16	$	9,905

(1) The amounts included in this column represent the expected future value of the performance-based restricted stock awards calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation valuation model.

Director Stock Awards Made Pursuant to Our Equity Plan

Our non-employee directors have the option to receive shares of our common stock in lieu of cash for their director fees. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we issued 3,553 shares of common stock for director fees and we made an annual grant of 28,426 shares of common stock to our independent directors. The fair value of director stock awards is calculated based on the market value of our common stock on the date of grant.

Equity-Based Compensation Expense

Equity-based compensation expense included in Corporate General and Administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 was as follows (in thousands):



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017		2016		2017		2016
Time-based restricted stock	$	541	$	419	$	1,607	$	1,176
Performance-based restricted stock	849		576		2,333		1,532
Stock options	—		—		—		55
Director stock	99		25		543		439
	$	1,489	$	1,020	$	4,483	$	3,202

We recognize equity-based compensation expense ratably over the vesting periods. The amount of expense may be subject to adjustment in future periods due to a change in the forfeiture assumptions.

Unrecognized equity-based compensation expense for all non-vested awards pursuant to our Equity Plan was $8.1 million at September 30, 2017 as follows (in thousands):



	Total		2017		2018		2019		2020		2021
Time-based restricted stock	$	3,293	$	541	$	1,603	$	949	$	190	$	10
Performance-based restricted stock	4,826		850		2,374		1,401		201		—
	$	8,119	$	1,391	$	3,977	$	2,350	$	391	$	10

NOTE 10 - INCOME TAXES

Income taxes for the interim periods presented have been included in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements on the basis of an estimated annual effective tax rate. Our effective tax rate is affected by the mix of earnings and losses by taxing jurisdictions. Our earnings, other than from our TRS, are not generally subject to federal and state corporate income taxes due to our REIT election, provided that we distribute 100% of our taxable income to our shareholders. However, there are a limited number of local and state jurisdictions that tax the taxable income of the Operating Partnership. Accordingly, we provide for income taxes in these jurisdictions for the Operating Partnership.

We recorded an income tax benefit related to net income from continuing operations of $0.2 million and $1.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and an income tax expense related to net income from continuing operations of $0.6 million and $0.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

We had no unrecognized tax benefits at September 30, 2017. We expect no significant changes in unrecognized tax benefits within the next year.

NOTE 11 - EARNINGS PER SHARE

We apply the two-class method of computing earnings per share, which requires the calculation of separate earnings per share amounts for our non-vested time-based restricted stock awards with non-forfeitable dividends and for our common stock. Our non-vested time-based restricted stock awards with non-forfeitable rights to dividends are considered securities which participate in undistributed earnings with common stock. Under the two-class computation method, net losses are not allocated to participating securities unless the holder of the security has a contractual obligation to share in the losses. Our non-vested time-based restricted stock awards with non-forfeitable dividends do not have such an obligation so they are not allocated losses.

Below is a summary of the components used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except per share):



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Numerator:
Net income	$	22,445		$	27,198		$	89,734		$	97,887
Less: Preferred dividends	(4,200		)	(4,993		)	(12,600		)	(13,287		)
Allocation to participating securities	(69		)	(47		)	(305		)	(127		)
Attributable to non-controlling interest	(55		)	(115		)	(289		)	(454		)
Net income attributable to common stockholders, net of amount allocated to participating securities	$	18,121		$	22,043		$	76,540		$	84,019
Denominator:
Weighted average common shares outstanding - basic	103,253			86,492			98,105			86,428
Dilutive effect of equity-based compensation awards	379			909			366			891
Weighted average common shares outstanding - diluted	103,632			87,401			98,471			87,319
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	0.18		$	0.25		$	0.78		$	0.97
Diluted	$	0.17		$	0.25		$	0.78		$	0.96

All outstanding stock options were included in the computation of diluted earnings per share for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 due to their dilutive effect. The Common Units held by the non-controlling interest holders have been excluded from the denominator of the diluted earnings per share as there would be no effect on the amounts since the limited partners' share of income would also be added to derive net income attributable to common stockholders. We had unvested performance-based restricted stock awards of 464,924 shares and 449,027 shares for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and 464,924 shares and 449,027 shares for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, which were excluded from the denominator of the diluted earnings per share as the awards had not achieved the requisite performance conditions for vesting at each period end.

NOTE 12 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Derivatives

Mezzanine Loans

We are a mezzanine lender on a construction loan to fund up to $12.0 million to a developer for the development of a hotel property. The mezzanine loan closed on October 27, 2017, and has an initial maturity date of November 2020. As of October 27, 2017, we have funded $7.2 million on the loan. We have the option to purchase a 90% interest in the hotel upon completion of construction. We have the right to purchase the remaining interest at a future date.

Dividends

On October 30, 2017, our Board of Directors declared cash dividends of $0.17 per share of common stock, $0.4921875 per share of 7.875% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.4453125 per share of 7.125% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock and $0.403125 per share of 6.45% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock. These dividends are payable on November 30, 2017 to stockholders of record on November 16, 2017.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations should be read in conjunction with our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 and our unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Unless stated otherwise or the context otherwise requires, references in this report to “we,” “our,” “us,” “our company” or “the company” mean Summit Hotel Properties, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Cautionary Statement about Forward-Looking Statements

This report contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and include this statement for purposes of complying with these safe harbor provisions. Forward-looking statements, which are based on certain assumptions and describe our future plans, strategies and expectations, are generally identifiable by use of the words “may,” “could,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “seek,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “predict,” “forecast,” “project,” “potential,” “continue,” “likely,” “will,” “would” or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements in this report include, among others, statements about our business strategy, including acquisition and development strategies, industry trends, estimated revenues and expenses, ability to realize deferred tax assets and expected liquidity needs and sources (including capital expenditures and the ability to obtain financing or raise capital). You should not rely on forward-looking statements since they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that are, in some cases, beyond our control and which could materially affect actual results, performances or achievements. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, but are not limited to:


•	financing risks, including the risk of leverage and the corresponding risk of default on our existing indebtedness and potential inability to refinance or extend the maturities of our existing indebtedness as well as the risk of default by borrowers to which we lend or provide seller financing;


•	global, national, regional and local economic and geopolitical conditions;


•	levels of spending for business and leisure travel, as well as consumer confidence;


•	supply and demand factors in our markets or sub-markets;


•	adverse changes in, or declining rates of growth with respect to, occupancy, average daily rate (“ADR”) and revenue per available room (“RevPAR”) and other hotel operating metrics;


•	hostilities, including future terrorist attacks, or fear of hostilities that affect travel;


•	financial condition of, and our relationships with, third-party property managers and franchisors;


•	the degree and nature of our competition;


•	increased interest rates and operating costs;


•	increased renovation costs, which may cause actual renovation costs to exceed our current estimates;


•	changes in zoning laws and significant increases in real property taxes;


•	risks associated with potential hotel acquisitions, including the ability to ramp up and stabilize newly acquired hotels with limited or no operating history or that require substantial amounts of capital improvements for us to earn stabilized economic returns consistent with our expectations at the time of acquisition;


•	risks associated with dispositions of hotel properties;


•	the nature of our structure and transactions such that our federal and state taxes are complex and there is risk of successful challenges to our tax positions by the Internal Revenue Service or other federal and state taxing authorities;


•	the recognition of taxable gains from the sale of hotel properties as a result of the inability to complete certain like-kind exchanges in accordance with Section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “IRC”);


•	availability of and our ability to retain qualified personnel;


•	our failure to maintain our qualification as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) under the IRC;


•	changes in our business or investment strategy;


•	availability, terms and deployment of capital;


•	general volatility of the capital markets and the market price of our common stock;


•	environmental uncertainties and risks related to natural disasters;


•	our ability to recover fully under our existing insurance policies for insurable losses and our ability to maintain adequate or full replacement cost “all-risk” property insurance policies on our properties on commercially reasonable terms;


•	the effect of a data breach or significant disruption of hotel operator information technology networks as a result of cyber attacks beyond insurance coverages or indemnities from service providers; and


•	the other factors discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Accordingly, there is no assurance that our expectations will be realized. Except as otherwise required by the federal securities laws, we disclaim any obligations or undertaking to publicly release any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statement contained herein (or elsewhere) to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based.

Overview

Summit Hotel Properties, Inc. is a self-managed hotel investment company that was organized in June 2010 and completed its initial public offering in February 2011. We focus on owning primarily premium-branded, select-service hotels. At September 30, 2017, our portfolio consisted of 79 hotels with a total of 11,590 guestrooms located in 24 states. Except for seven hotels, six of which are subject to ground leases and one of which is subject to a PILOT (payment in lieu of taxes) lease, we own our hotels in fee simple. Our hotels are typically located in markets with multiple demand generators such as corporate offices and headquarters, retail centers, airports, state capitols, convention centers, and leisure attractions.

The vast majority of our hotels operate under premium franchise brands owned by Marriott® International, Inc. (“Marriott”), Hilton® Worldwide (“Hilton”), Hyatt® Hotels Corporation (“Hyatt”) and Intercontinental® Hotel Group (“IHG”).

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes commencing with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2011. To qualify as a REIT, we cannot operate or manage our hotels. Accordingly, all of our hotels are leased to wholly-owned subsidiaries (our “TRS lessees”) of Summit Hotel TRS, Inc., our taxable REIT subsidiary. All of our hotels are operated pursuant to hotel management agreements between our TRS lessees and professional third-party hotel management companies that are not affiliated with us as follows:



Management Company	Number of Properties	Number of Guestrooms
Interstate Management Company, LLC and its affiliate Noble Management Group, LLC	33	4,527
Select Hotel Group, LLC	12	1,681
OTO Development, LLC	10	1,396
Affiliates of Marriott, including Courtyard Management Corporation, SpringHill SMC Corporation and Residence Inn by Marriott, Inc.	7	1,176
White Lodging Services Corporation	4	791
Stonebridge Realty Advisors, Inc.	4	597
Affiliates of IHG including IHG Management (Maryland) LLC and Intercontinental Hotel Group Resources, Inc.	2	395
American Liberty Hospitality, Inc.	2	372
Aimbridge Hospitality (formerly Pillar Hotels and Resorts, LLC)	2	199
Kana Hotels, Inc.	2	195
Fillmore Hospitality	1	261
Total	79	11,590

Our typical hotel management agreement requires us to pay a base fee to our hotel manager calculated as a percentage of hotel revenues. In addition, our hotel management agreements generally provide that the hotel manager can earn an incentive fee for revenue or Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization ("EBITDA") over certain thresholds or based on a return over the owner's preferred return. Our TRS lessees may employ other hotel managers in the future. We do not, and will not, have any ownership or economic interest in any of the hotel management companies engaged by our TRS lessees.

Our revenues are derived from hotel operations and consist of room revenue and other hotel operations revenue. As a result of our focus on select-service hotels, substantially all of our revenues are related to the sales of hotel guestrooms. Our other hotel operations revenue consists of ancillary revenues related to food and beverage sales, meeting rooms, and other guest services provided at certain of our hotel properties.

Industry Trends and Outlook

Room-night demand in the U.S. lodging industry is generally correlated to macroeconomic trends. Key drivers of demand include growth in gross domestic product, corporate profits, capital investments and employment. Volatility in the economy and lodging industry and the risk of global and domestic political or economic instability may cause economic growth to slow or stall. Also, increasing supply in the industry, and specifically in our markets or sub-markets, may reduce RevPAR growth expectations.

The U.S. lodging industry experienced a positive trend through 2016 that has continued at a muted rate to-date in 2017. According to the PricewaterhouseCoopers, LLP industry report, "Hospitality Directions: August 2017," RevPAR growth in the U.S. for Upscale hotels is forecasted to be 0.4% for 2017. While we continue to have a positive outlook on national macroeconomic conditions and their effect on RevPAR growth, room-night demand for fiscal year 2017 has decelerated to-date from that experienced in 2016 based on levels of business and leisure travel. Our industry and our market segment have experienced declining rates of RevPAR growth and we could experience a decline in our RevPAR over the short-run due to increases in supply or reduced demand in our market or sub-markets.

Our Hotel Property Portfolio

At September 30, 2017, our portfolio consisted of 79 hotels with a total of 11,590 guestrooms. According to current chain scales as defined by Smith Travel Research, one of our hotel properties with 157 guestrooms is categorized as an Upper-upscale hotel, 60 of our hotel properties with 9,133 guestrooms are categorized as Upscale hotels and 18 of our hotel properties with 2,300 guestrooms are categorized as Upper-midscale hotels. Information for our hotel properties by franchisor as of September 30, 2017 is as follows:



Franchise/Brand	Number of Hotel Properties	Number of Guestrooms
Marriott/Starwood ⁽¹⁾
AC Hotel by Marriott	1	255
Courtyard by Marriott	14	2,553
Fairfield Inn & Suites by Marriott	1	140
Four Points by Sheraton	1	101
Marriott	1	157
Residence Inn by Marriott	8	1,119
SpringHill Suites by Marriott	6	874
Total Marriott/Starwood	32	5,199
Hilton
DoubleTree by Hilton	1	210
Hampton Inn	3	327
Hampton Inn & Suites	8	1,127
Hilton Garden Inn	8	1,048
Homewood Suites	1	129
Total Hilton	21	2,841
Hyatt
Hyatt House	2	298
Hyatt Place	16	2,310
Total Hyatt	18	2,608
IHG
Holiday Inn	1	143
Holiday Inn Express	1	66
Holiday Inn Express & Suites	3	433
Hotel Indigo	1	115
Staybridge Suites	1	121
Total IHG	7	878
Carlson
Country Inn & Suites by Carlson	1	64
Total	79	11,590

(1) On September 23, 2016, Marriott completed its previously announced acquisition of Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, Inc. (“Starwood”). As a result of the transaction, Starwood became an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Marriott.

Hotel Property Portfolio Activity

We continuously consider ways in which to refine our portfolio of properties to drive growth and create value. In the normal course of business, we evaluate opportunities to acquire additional properties that meet our investment criteria and opportunities to recycle capital through the disposition of properties. As such, the composition and size of our portfolio of properties may change materially over time. Significant changes to our portfolio of properties would have a material effect on our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Dispositions to Affiliates of ARCH

On February 11, 2016, we completed the sale of six hotels to affiliates of American Realty Capital Hospitality Trust, Inc. ("ARCH") for an aggregate selling price of $108.3 million (the “ARCH Sale”), with the proceeds from the ARCH Sale being used to complete certain reverse 1031 Exchanges. The hotels acquired by us for the reverse 1031 Exchanges included the 179-guestroom Courtyard by Marriott, Atlanta (Decatur), GA on October 20, 2015, for a purchase price of $44.0 million and the 226-guestroom Courtyard by Marriott, Nashville, TN for a purchase price of $71.0 million on January 19, 2016. The completion of the reverse 1031 Exchanges resulted in the deferral of taxable gains of approximately $74.0 million and the pay-down of our unsecured revolving credit facility by $105.0 million. Additionally, we repaid a mortgage loan totaling $5.8 million related to sale of a hotel to ARCH. The sale to ARCH resulted in a $56.8 million gain, of which $20.0 million was initially deferred related to seller financing that we provided as described below.

In connection with the ARCH Sale, Summit Hotel OP, LP (the "Operating Partnership") entered into a loan agreement with ARCH, as borrower, which provided for a loan by the Operating Partnership to ARCH in the amount of $27.5 million (the “Loan” or “Loan Agreement”). The proceeds of the Loan were required to be applied by ARCH as follows: (i) $20.0 million was applied toward the payment of a portion of the $108.3 million purchase price for the six hotels acquired by ARCH as part of the ARCH Sale; and (ii) the remaining $7.5 million was applied by ARCH to fund the escrow deposit required for the purchase of eight hotels as described below. Through December 31, 2016, we had recognized as income $5.0 million of the deferred gain upon receipt of $5.0 million of scheduled repayments of the principal balance of the Loan from ARCH. On March 31, 2017, ARCH repaid the remaining $22.5 million principal balance of the Loan and payment-in-kind (“PIK”) interest of $1.2 million. As such, we recognized as income during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 the remaining $15.0 million of the deferred gain related to the sale of six hotels to ARCH.



Hotel	Location	Guestrooms
Courtyard by Marriott	Jackson, MS	117
Courtyard by Marriott	Germantown, TN	93
Fairfield Inn & Suites	Germantown, TN	80
Homewood Suites	Ridgeland, MS	91
Residence Inn	Jackson, MS	100
Residence Inn	Germantown, TN	78
Staybridge Suites	Ridgeland, MS	92
Total		651

Other Asset Sales

Hotel Property Acquisitions

A summary of the hotel properties acquired during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 is as follows (dollars in thousands):



Date Acquired	Franchise/Brand	Location	Guestrooms	Purchase Price
For the nine months ended September 30, 2017
March 1, 2017	Homewood Suites	Aliso Viejo (Laguna Beach), CA	129	$	38,000
March 30, 2017	Hyatt Place	Phoenix (Mesa), AZ	152	22,200
May 23, 2017	Courtyard by Marriott	Fort Lauderdale, FL	261	85,000
June 9, 2017	Courtyard by Marriott	Charlotte, NC	181	56,250
June 21, 2017	Courtyard by Marriott	Fort Worth, TX	203	40,000
June 21, 2017	Courtyard by Marriott	Kansas City, MO	123	24,500
June 21, 2017	Courtyard by Marriott	Pittsburgh, PA	182	42,000
June 21, 2017	Hampton Inn & Suites	Baltimore, MD	116	18,000
June 21, 2017	Residence Inn by Marriott	Baltimore, MD	188	38,500
July 13, 2017	AC Hotel by Marriott	Atlanta, GA	255	57,500
			1,790	$	421,950	⁽¹⁾

For the nine months ended September 30, 2016
January 19, 2016	Courtyard by Marriott	Nashville, TN	226	$	71,000
January 20, 2016	Residence Inn by Marriott	Atlanta, GA	160	38,000
August 9, 2016	Marriott	Boulder, CO	157	61,400
			543	$	170,400	⁽²⁾


(1)	The net assets acquired totaled $424.8 million due to the purchase at settlement of $0.6 million of net working capital and other assets and capitalized transaction costs of $2.2 million.


(2)	The net assets acquired totaled $169.7 million due to the purchase at settlement of $0.7 million of net liabilities.

The acquisitions closed during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 were funded by advances on our senior unsecured credit facility, net proceeds from the sale of common stock, cash generated from the sale of properties, and operating cash flows. The acquisitions closed during the nine months ended September 30, 2016 were funded by the net proceeds from our Series D cumulative redeemable preferred stock offering, advances on our senior unsecured credit facility, cash generated from the sale of properties, and operating cash flows.

Results of Operations

The comparisons that follow should be reviewed in conjunction with the unaudited interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2017 with the Three Months Ended September 30, 2016

The following table contains key operating metrics for our total portfolio and our same-store portfolio for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared with the three months ended September 30, 2016 (dollars in thousands, except ADR and RevPAR). We define same-store hotels as properties that we owned or leased as of September 30, 2017 and that we have owned or leased at all times since January 1, 2016.



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,												Quarter-over-Quarter					Quarter-over-Quarter
	2017						2016						Dollar Change					Percentage/Basis Point Change
	Total Portfolio (79 hotels)			Same-Store Portfolio (65 hotels)			Total Portfolio (80 hotels)			Same-Store Portfolio (65 hotels)			Total Portfolio (79/80 hotels)		Same-Store Portfolio (65 hotels)			Total Portfolio (79/80 hotels)			Same-Store Portfolio (65 hotels)
Total revenues	$	136,587		$	101,912		$	118,336		$	101,425		$	18,251	$	487		15.4	%		0.5	%
Hotel operating expenses	$	86,070		$	64,957		$	73,530		$	63,238		$	12,540	$	1,719		17.1	%		2.7	%
Occupancy	80.5		%	80.6		%	78.8		%	79.0		%	n/a		n/a			166		bps	155		bps
ADR	$	147.84		$	142.80		$	142.84		$	144.77		$	5.00	$	(1.97	)	3.5	%		(1.4	)%
RevPAR	$	119.02		$	115.04		$	112.63		$	114.39		$	6.39	$	0.65		5.7	%		0.6	%

Revenue. The $18.3 million increase in total portfolio revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016 is the result of incremental revenues of $26.2 million generated as a result of the acquisition of four hotels in 2016 and ten hotels in 2017 (the “2016/2017 Acquisitions”) and an increase in same-store revenues of $0.5 million, partially offset by a decline in revenues of $8.4 million related to properties sold after June 30, 2016.

The 5.7% increase in RevPAR for the total portfolio for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016 is the result of the purchase of higher RevPAR hotel properties with the 2016/2017 Acquisitions, which produced an aggregate RevPAR of $134.69 for the three months ended September 30, 2017; the sale of lower RevPAR hotels since September 30, 2016, which produced an aggregate RevPAR of $78.67 for the three months ended September 30, 2016; and an increase in RevPAR for same-store hotel properties of 0.6% for the three months ended September 30, 2017.

The following table summarizes our hotel operating expenses for our same-store portfolio (65 hotels) for the three months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (dollars in thousands):



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,				Percentage		Percentage of Revenue
	2017		2016		Change		2017		2016
Rooms expense	$	25,451	$	24,867	2.3	%	25.0	%	24.5	%
Other direct expense	12,942		13,055		(0.9	)%	12.7	%	12.9	%
Other indirect expense	26,564		25,316		4.9	%	26.1	%	25.0	%
Total hotel operating expenses	$	64,957	$	63,238	2.7	%	63.7	%	62.3	%

Hotel Operating Expenses. Hotel operating expenses for the total portfolio and same-store portfolio increased $12.5 million and $1.7 million, respectively, for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared with the three months ended September 30, 2016. Hotel operating expenses for the total portfolio were affected by incremental expenses from acquired hotels offset by a reduction of expenses from sold hotels.

The increase in same-store rooms expense for the three months ended September 30, 2017 was primarily due to increased labor costs. The Company anticipates that labor costs are likely to continue to grow modestly due to the upward pressure on wages in certain markets with lower unemployment rates.

Other direct expense for the same-store portfolio is generally fixed in nature and remained consistent for the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared with the corresponding period in 2016 due to our management of expenses.

Other indirect expense for the same-store portfolio increased by 4.9% in the three months ended September 30, 2017 primarily due to an increase in property tax expenses.

Other Corporate Expenses

Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $5.7 million, or 31.9%, in the three months ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to incremental depreciation expense associated with the 2016/2017 acquisitions, partially offset by the decrease in depreciation and amortization expenses related to the properties sold since June 30, 2016.

Corporate General and Administrative. Corporate general and administrative expenses increased by $0.2 million, or 3.7%, during the three months ended September 30, 2017 compared with the three months ended September 30, 2016, primarily due to increases in stock-based compensation offset by reductions in incentive compensation costs.

Gain on Disposal of Assets. Gain on disposal of assets decreased by $2.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2017 primarily due to the recognition of $3.0 million of deferred gain related to scheduled principal payments on the ARCH Loan during the three months ended September 30, 2016. The ARCH loan was paid in full on March 31, 2017.

Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017 with the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2016

The following table contains key operating metrics for our total portfolio and our same-store portfolio for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2016 (dollars in thousands, except ADR and RevPAR). We define same-store hotels as properties that we owned or leased as of September 30, 2017 and that we have owned or leased at all times since January 1, 2016.



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,												Period-over-Period					Period-over-Period
	2017						2016 ⁽¹⁾						Dollar Change					Percentage/Basis Point Change
	Total Portfolio (79 hotels)			Same-Store Portfolio (65 hotels)			Total Portfolio (80 hotels)			Same-Store Portfolio (65 hotels)			Total Portfolio (79/80 hotels)		Same-Store Portfolio (65 hotels)			Total Portfolio (79/80 hotels)			Same-Store Portfolio (65 hotels)
Total revenues	$	383,632		$	305,209		$	363,613		$	308,805		$	20,019	$	(3,596	)	5.5	%		(1.2	)%
Hotel operating expenses	$	240,773		$	192,617		$	224,425		$	189,395		$	16,348	$	3,222		7.3	%		1.7	%
Occupancy	79.9		%	79.8		%	79.3		%	79.6		%	n/a		n/a			62		bps	18		bps
ADR	$	147.03		$	145.20		$	142.57		$	146.66		$	4.46	$	(1.46	)	3.1	%		(1.0	)%
RevPAR	$	117.53		$	115.87		$	113.08		$	116.78		$	4.45	$	(0.91	)	3.9	%		(0.8	)%

(1) Operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2016 include one more day than the nine months ended September 30, 2017 as 2016 was a leap year.

Revenue. The $20.0 million increase in total portfolio revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016 is the result of incremental revenues of $46.4 million generated as a result of the 2016/2017 Acquisitions, partially offset by a decrease in same-store revenues of $3.6 million and a decline in revenues of $22.8 million related to properties sold after December 31, 2015. The decline in same-store revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was primarily driven by the San Francisco, New Orleans, Minneapolis, Houston and Dallas/Fort Worth markets, which were negatively affected by convention center closures and calendars as well as additional supply being added to several of these markets.

The 3.9% increase in RevPAR for the total portfolio for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared to the same period of 2016 is the result of the purchase of higher RevPAR hotel properties with the 2016/2017 Acquisitions, which produced an aggregate RevPAR of $141.01 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017; the sale of lower RevPAR hotels since September 30, 2016, which produced an aggregate RevPAR of $83.74 for the nine months ended September 30, 2016; and a decrease in RevPAR for same-store hotels properties of 0.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

The following table summarizes our hotel operating expenses for our same-store portfolio (65 hotels) for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (dollars in thousands):



	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,				Percentage		Percentage of Revenue
	2017		2016		Change		2017		2016
Rooms expense	$	73,581	$	70,258	4.7	%	24.1	%	22.8	%
Other direct expense	39,744		40,481		(1.8	)%	13.0	%	13.1	%
Other indirect expense	79,292		78,656		0.8	%	26.0	%	25.5	%
Total hotel operating expenses	$	192,617	$	189,395	1.7	%	63.1	%	61.3	%

Hotel Operating Expenses. Hotel operating expenses for the total portfolio and same-store portfolio increased $16.3 million and $3.2 million, respectively, in the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2016. Hotel operating expenses for the total portfolio were affected by incremental expenses from acquired hotels offset by a reduction of expenses from sold hotels.

The increase in same-store rooms expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 was primarily due to increased labor costs. The Company anticipates that labor costs are likely to continue to grow modestly due to the upward pressure on wages in certain markets with lower unemployment rates.

Other direct expense for the same-store portfolio decreased by 1.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 due to a decrease in incentive compensation costs.

Other indirect expense for the same-store portfolio increased by 0.8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 primarily due to increases in property tax expenses, offset by decreases in management fees.

Other Corporate Expenses

Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expenses increased by $8.3 million, or 15.5%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to incremental depreciation expense associated with the 2016/2017 Acquisitions, which was partially offset by the decrease in depreciation and amortization expenses related to the properties sold since December 31, 2015.

Corporate General and Administrative. Corporate general and administrative expenses increased by $0.6 million, or 4.5%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to increases in stock-based compensation offset slightly by decreases in incentive compensation costs.

Gain on Disposal of Assets. Gain on disposal of assets decreased by $6.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. During the nine months ended September 30, 2016 we sold ten hotel properties for an aggregate net gain of $49.9 million, including the recognition of deferred gains of $5.0 million related to the scheduled repayments of the principal balance of the ARCH Loan through September 30, 2016. During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we sold twelve hotel properties for an aggregate net gain of $44.3 million, including the recognition of the remaining $15.0 million of deferred gain during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 related to the repayment of the ARCH Loan.

Other Income/Expense. Other income increased by $1.0 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, primarily due to increases in tenant income and other miscellaneous income of $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively, coupled with a decline in debt transaction costs of $0.3 million.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We consider funds from operations (“FFO”) and EBITDA, both of which are financial measures not prescribed by Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("non-GAAP"), to be useful to investors as key supplemental measures of our operating performance. We caution investors that amounts presented in accordance with our definitions of FFO and EBITDA may not be comparable to similar measures disclosed by other companies, since not all companies calculate these non-GAAP financial measures in the same manner. FFO and EBITDA should be considered along with, but not as alternatives to, net income (loss) as a measure of our operating performance. FFO and EBITDA may include funds that may not be available for our discretionary use due to functional requirements to conserve funds for capital expenditures, property acquisitions, debt service obligations and other commitments and uncertainties. Although we believe that FFO and EBITDA can enhance the understanding of our financial condition and results of operations, these non-GAAP financial measures are not necessarily better indicators of any trend as compared to a comparable measure prescribed by Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP") such as net income (loss).

Funds From Operations

As defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, (“NAREIT”), FFO represents net income or loss (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding preferred dividends, gains (or losses) from sales of real property, impairment losses on real estate assets, items classified by GAAP as extraordinary, the cumulative effect of changes in accounting principles, plus depreciation and amortization related to real estate assets, and adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Unless otherwise indicated, we present FFO applicable to our common shares and common units. We present FFO because we consider it an important supplemental measure of our operational performance and believe it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of REITs, many of which present FFO when reporting their results. FFO is intended to exclude GAAP historical cost depreciation and amortization, which assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes ratably over time. Historically, however, real estate values have risen or fallen with market conditions. Because FFO excludes depreciation and amortization related to real estate assets, gains and losses from real property dispositions and impairment losses on real estate assets, it provides a performance measure that, when compared year over year, reflects the effect to operations from trends in occupancy, guestroom rates, operating costs, development activities and interest costs, providing perspective not immediately apparent from net income. Our computation of FFO differs slightly from the computation of NAREIT-defined FFO related to the reporting of corporate depreciation and amortization expense. Our computation of FFO may also differ from the methodology for calculating FFO used by other equity REITs and, accordingly, may not be comparable to such other REITs. FFO should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP) as an indicator of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to pay dividends or make distributions. Where indicated in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, FFO is based on our computation of FFO and not the computation of NAREIT-defined FFO unless otherwise noted.

The following is a reconciliation of our GAAP net income to FFO for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands, except per share/unit amounts):



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Net income	$	22,445		$	27,198		$	89,734		$	97,887
Preferred dividends	(4,200		)	(4,993		)	(12,600		)	(13,287		)
Net income applicable to common shares and common units	18,245			22,205			77,134			84,600
Real estate-related depreciation	23,484			17,802			61,766			53,458
Loss on impairment of assets	—			577			—			577
Gain on disposal of assets	(7,725		)	(10,491		)	(43,531		)	(49,997		)
FFO applicable to common shares and common units	34,004			30,093			95,369			88,638
FFO per common share/common unit	$	0.33		$	0.34		$	0.96		$	1.02
Weighted average diluted common shares/common units ⁽¹⁾	104,149			87,401			99,062			87,319


(1)	Includes common units in the Operating Partnership held by limited partners (other than us and our subsidiaries) because the common units are redeemable for cash or, at our election, shares of our common stock.

During the three months ended September 30, 2017, FFO increased by $3.9 million, or 13.0%, over the comparable period in 2016 due to an increase in net income of $3.1 million, after adjusting for gain on disposal of assets and non-cash items, including depreciation expense, coupled with a decrease in preferred dividends of $0.8 million as a result of the redemption of our Series A Preferred Stock in December 2016.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, FFO increased by $6.7 million, or 7.6%, over the comparable period in 2016 due to an increase in net income of $6.0 million, after adjusting for gain on disposal of assets and non-cash items, including depreciation expense, coupled with a decrease in preferred dividends of $0.7 million as a result of the redemption of our Series A Preferred Stock in December 2016.

Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization

EBITDA represents net income or loss, excluding: (i) interest, (ii) income tax expense and (iii) depreciation and amortization. We believe EBITDA is useful to an investor in evaluating our operating performance because it provides investors with an indication of our ability to incur and service debt, to satisfy general operating expenses, to make capital expenditures and to fund other cash needs or reinvest cash into our business. We also believe it helps investors meaningfully evaluate and compare the results of our operations from period to period by removing the effect of our asset base (primarily depreciation and amortization) from our operating results. Our management also uses EBITDA as one measure in determining the value of acquisitions and dispositions.

The following is a reconciliation of our GAAP net income to EBITDA for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands):



	For the Three Months Ended September 30,						For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2017			2016			2017			2016
Net income	$	22,445		$	27,198		$	89,734		$	97,887
Depreciation and amortization	23,594			17,887			62,052			53,715
Interest expense	7,768			6,626			21,486			21,232
Interest income	(20		)	(13		)	(89		)	(18		)
Income tax expense (benefit)	(231		)	(1,245		)	613			461
EBITDA	$	53,556		$	50,453		$	173,796		$	173,277

During the three months ended September 30, 2017, EBITDA increased by $3.1 million, or 6.2%, from the comparable period in 2016 primarily due to an increase in total revenues less total hotel operating expenses ("Hotel Operating Margin") of $5.7 million and a reduction in hotel acquisition costs of $0.5 million, offset by a reduction in gain on disposal of assets of $2.8 million and a reduction in other income of $0.8 million.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, EBITDA increased by $0.5 million, or 0.3%, from the comparable period in 2016 primarily due to an increase in Hotel Operating Margin of $3.7 million and a reduction in hotel acquisition costs of $2.5 million, offset by a decrease in the gain on disposal of assets of $6.5 million.

We have early adopted ASU No. 2017-01 for our fiscal year commencing on January 1, 2017. Under ASU No. 2017-01, we have concluded that each of the acquisitions completed in 2017 are the acquisition of assets. As such, we have capitalized the acquisition costs related to these transactions. The declines in hotel acquisition costs from the periods in 2016 to the periods in 2017 are the result of the change in accounting under ASU No. 2017-01.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity Requirements

Our short-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of operating expenses and other expenditures directly associated with our hotel properties, recurring maintenance and capital expenditures necessary to maintain our hotel properties in accordance with internal and brand standards, capital expenditures to improve our hotel properties, hotel development costs, acquisitions, interest expense, settlement of interest rate swaps, scheduled principal payments on outstanding indebtedness, restricted cash funding obligations and distributions to our stockholders. Our long-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of the costs of acquiring additional hotel properties, renovations and other non-recurring capital expenditures that periodically are made with respect to our hotel properties and scheduled debt payments, including maturing loans.

To satisfy the requirements for qualification as a REIT, we must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that we distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income to our stockholders, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gains. We intend to distribute a sufficient amount of our taxable income to maintain our status as a REIT and to avoid tax on undistributed income. Therefore, if sufficient funds are not available to us from hotel dispositions, our senior unsecured revolving credit facility and additional mortgage and other loans, we will need to raise capital to grow our business and invest in additional hotel properties.

We expect to satisfy our liquidity requirements with cash provided by operations, working capital, short-term borrowings under our $450 million senior unsecured credit facility, term debt, repayment of notes receivable, the strategic sale of hotels and the release of restricted cash upon satisfaction of the usage requirements. In addition, we may fund the purchase price of hotel acquisitions, hotel development costs, and cost of required capital improvements by borrowing under our senior unsecured credit facility, assuming mortgage debt from the seller on acquired hotels, issuing securities (including common units issued by our Operating Partnership), or incurring mortgage or other types of debt. Further, we may seek to meet our liquidity requirements by raising capital through public or private offerings of our equity or debt securities. However, certain factors may have an adverse effect on our ability to access these capital sources, including our degree of leverage, the value of our unencumbered hotel properties, borrowing restrictions imposed by lenders, volatility in the equity and debt capital markets and other market conditions. We will continue to analyze which sources of capital are most advantageous to us at any particular point in time, but financing may not be consistently available to us on terms that are attractive, or at all. We believe that our cash provided by operations, working capital, borrowings available under our $450 million senior unsecured credit facility, our Metabank Loan (defined below), and our 2017 Term Loan (defined below) and other sources of funds available to us will be sufficient to meet our ongoing liquidity requirements for at least the next 12 months.

On May 15, 2017, the Company completed a public offering of 10,350,000 common shares for net proceeds of $163.8 million, after the underwriting discount and offering-related expenses of $7.0 million. The net proceeds from the offering were used to repay borrowings under our senior unsecured revolving credit facility, to acquire additional hotel properties and for general corporate purposes. See "Note 6 - Equity" to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

On August 1, 2017, a loan receivable of $10.1 million, recorded as Investment in real estate loans, net at June 30, 2017, was repaid in full by the borrower.

On September 26, 2017, we entered into a $225.0 million unsecured term loan (the "2017 Term Loan") which includes an accordion feature which allows us to increase the total commitments by an aggregate of $175.0 million prior to the maturity date, subject to certain conditions. The 2017 Term Loan matures on November 25, 2022. On September 26, 2017, we drew $125.0 million of the $225.0 million available under the 2017 Term Loan and used the proceeds to pay down the principal balance of our revolving credit facility. See "Note 4 - Debt" to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

At September 30, 2017, we have scheduled debt principal amortization payments during the next 12 months totaling $8.2 million. Although we believe we will have the capacity to satisfy these debt maturities and pay these scheduled principal debt payments or that we will be able to fund them using draws under our $450 million senior unsecured credit facility, there can be no assurances that our credit facility will be available to repay such amortizing debt as draws under our credit facility are subject to certain financial covenants. At September 30, 2017, we were in compliance with all of our covenants under the $450 million senior unsecured credit facility.

We anticipate making renovations and other non-recurring capital expenditures with respect to our hotel properties pursuant to property improvement plans required by our franchisors and our internal quality standards. We expect capital expenditures through the remainder of 2017 for these activities at hotel properties we own as of September 30, 2017 to be in the range of $15.0 million to $20.0 million. Actual amounts may differ from our expectations. We may also make renovations and incur other non-recurring capital expenditures in 2017 at hotel properties that we acquire in the future.

We are developing a hotel in Orlando, FL on a parcel of land that we own. We expect the total development costs for the construction of the hotel to be approximately $30.0 million. We have incurred $16.0 million of costs to date and we have reclassified the carrying amount of the land parcel of $2.8 million from Land Held for Development to Investment in Hotel Properties Under Development during the nine months ended September 30, 2017 in connection with our development activities.

Effect of Recent Natural Disasters

We own two hotels in Houston, Texas. The hotels sustained minor damage as a result of Hurricane Harvey, but were able to remain operational without interruption despite the extensive damage caused to the Houston area.

We own six hotels in Florida that were in the path of Hurricane Irma. Mandatory evacuations and disruption caused by the hurricane resulted in the closure of one hotel for five days and another hotel for six days. The other four hotels remained open throughout the hurricane and its aftermath. All of the hotels sustained minor damage primarily due to water intrusion. All of the hotels are currently fully operational and the minor damage and disruption caused by Hurricane Irma did not have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations at September 30, 2017 and for the three and nine months then ended.

We maintain comprehensive insurance coverage on all of our hotels for potential insurable losses related to property and casualty, flood and business interruption. The damage and business interruption to our properties as a result of the hurricanes was minor and the costs incurred to restore our hotels to their normal operating condition fell below our insurance deductibles.

Cash Flows

The increase in net cash provided by operating activities of $1.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2016 primarily resulted from an increase in net income, after adjusting for non-cash items, of $7.9 million partially offset by an increase in Trade Receivables, net of $3.3 million due to the acquired properties during the period and the timing of cash receipts and other net changes in working capital of $2.8 million.

The increase in net cash used in investing activities of $244.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2016 is primarily due to an increase in acquisitions of hotel properties of $255.1 million, a decrease in proceeds from asset dispositions of $24.5 million, an increase in hotel development costs of $16.0 million, and a change in net escrow deposits for acquisitions of $6.4 million. These changes were partially offset by an increase in receipts of principal payments on real estate loans of $24.7 million, a decrease in the funding of real estate loans of $27.5 million, and a decrease in capital expenditures of $5.8 million.

The increase in net cash from financing activities of $248.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2016 is primarily due to an increase in net borrowings of $172.5 million and an increase in proceeds from equity offerings of $91.3 million, partially offset by an increase in dividends of $15.6 million.

Outstanding Indebtedness

At September 30, 2017, we had $322.5 million in outstanding indebtedness secured by first priority mortgage liens on 33 hotel properties. We also had borrowed $190.0 million on our $450 million senior unsecured credit facility, which included borrowings of $150.0 million on our $150 Million Term Loan (as defined in "Note 4 - Debt" to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements), $140.0 million on our 2015 Term Loan (as defined in "Note 4 - Debt" to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements), and $125.0 million on our 2017 Term Loan (as defined below), each of which were supported at September 30, 2017 by a borrowing base of 46 unencumbered hotel properties. At September 30, 2017, the maximum amount of borrowing permitted under the $450 million senior unsecured credit facility was $450.0 million, of which we had borrowed $190.0 million and $260.0 million was available to borrow. See "Note 4 - Debt" to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

At October 20, 2017, we had borrowed $195.0 million on our $450 million senior unsecured credit facility, which included borrowings of $150 million on our $150 Million Term Loan, $140.0 million on our 2015 Term Loan, and $125.0 million on our 2017 Term Loan (as defined below), each of which were supported by 46 hotel properties included in the credit facility borrowing bases.

On September 26, 2017, we entered into a $225.0 million unsecured term loan (the "2017 Term Loan") which includes an accordion feature which allows us to increase the total commitments by an aggregate of $175.0 million prior to the maturity date, subject to certain conditions. The 2017 Term Loan matures on November 25, 2022. At closing, we drew $125.0 million of the $225.0 million available under the 2017 Term Loan and used the proceeds to pay down the principal balance of our revolving credit facility. See "Note 4 - Debt" to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.

On October 2, 2017, we entered into two separate $100 million interest rate swap agreements, with an effective date of January 29, 2018, to partially fix the interest rate on a portion of our variable interest rate unsecured indebtedness. The swaps convert LIBOR from floating rate to an average fixed rate of 1.98% through January 31, 2023.

We intend to secure or assume term loan financing or use our senior unsecured credit facility, together with other sources of financing, for use in funding future acquisitions, hotel development costs, and capital improvements. We may not succeed in obtaining new financing on favorable terms, or at all, and we cannot predict the size or terms of future financings. Our failure to obtain new financing could adversely affect our ability to grow our business.

We intend to maintain a prudent capital structure and, while the ratio will vary from time to time, we generally intend to limit our ratio of indebtedness to EBITDA to no more than 6.5x. For purposes of calculating this ratio, we exclude preferred stock from indebtedness.

We have obtained financing through debt instruments having staggered maturities and intend to continue to do so in the future. Our debt includes, and may include in the future, debt secured by first priority mortgage liens on certain hotel properties and unsecured debt. We believe that we will have adequate liquidity to meet the requirements for scheduled maturities and principal repayments. However, we can provide no assurance that we will be able to refinance our indebtedness as it becomes due and, if refinanced, whether such refinancing will be available on favorable terms.

A summary of our gross debt at September 30, 2017 is as follows (dollars in thousands):



Lender	Interest Rate	Amortization Period (Years)	Maturity Date	Number of Encumbered Properties			Principal Amount Outstanding
$450 Million Senior Unsecured Credit Facility
Deutsche Bank AG New York Branch
$300 Million Revolver	2.88% Variable	n/a	March 31, 2020	n/a			$	40,000
$150 Million Term Loan	3.24% Variable ⁽¹⁾	n/a	March 31, 2021	n/a			150,000
Total Senior Unsecured Credit Facility							190,000

Unsecured Term Loan
KeyBank National Association, as Administrative Agent
Term Loan	3.18% Variable	n/a	April 7, 2022	n/a			140,000
KeyBank National Association, as Administrative Agent
Term Loan	2.78% Variable	n/a	November 25, 2022	n/a			125,000

Secured Mortgage Indebtedness
Voya (formerly ING Life Insurance and Annuity)	5.18% Fixed	20	March 1, 2019	2	(2	)	40,350
	5.18% Fixed	20	March 1, 2019	4	(2	)	36,165
	5.18% Fixed	20	March 1, 2019	2	(2	)	23,324
	5.18% Fixed	20	March 1, 2019	1	(2	)	16,568
MetaBank	4.44% Fixed	25	July 1, 2027	3			25,000
KeyBank National Association	4.46% Fixed	30	February 1, 2023	4			27,067
	4.52% Fixed	30	April 1, 2023	3			20,983
	4.30% Fixed	30	April 1, 2023	3			20,317
	4.95% Fixed	30	August 1, 2023	2			36,259
Western Alliance Bank (formerly GE Capital Financial, Inc.)	5.39% Fixed	25	April 1, 2020	1			8,755
	5.39% Fixed	25	April 1, 2020	1			4,714
Bank of Cascades	3.23% Variable	25	December 19, 2024	1	(3	)	9,090
	4.30% Fixed	25	December 19, 2024	—	(3	)	9,090
Compass Bank	3.63% Variable	25	May 6, 2020	3			22,928
Western Alliance Bank (formerly General Electric Capital Corp.)	5.39% Fixed	25	April 1, 2020	1			4,957
	5.39% Fixed	25	April 1, 2020	1			5,805
U.S. Bank, NA	6.13% Fixed	25	November 11, 2021	1			11,092
Total Mortgage Loans							322,464
Total Debt				33			$	777,464


(1)	Our interest rate swap fixed a portion of the interest rate on this loan. See "Note 5 - Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging" to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.


(2)	The four Voya mortgage loans are cross-defaulted and cross-collateralized.


(3)	The Bank of Cascades mortgage loans are secured by the same collateral and cross-defaulted.

Equity Transactions

On May 25, 2017, the Company and the Operating Partnership entered into separate sales agreements (collectively, the “Sales Agreements”) with each of Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated, Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., RBC Capital Markets, LLC, KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., Canaccord Genuity Inc., Jefferies LLC, BB&T Capital Markets, a division of BB&T Securities, LLC, and BTIG, LLC (collectively, the “Sales Agents”), pursuant to which the Company may sell the Company’s shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, having an aggregate offering price of up to $200,000,000 (the “Shares”), from time to time through the Sales Agents, each acting as a sales agent and/or principal. At the same time, the Company terminated each of the sales agreements entered into in connection with its prior at-the-market offering program, which was established in August 2016 and under which 6,151,514 shares of the Company’s common stock were sold for net proceeds of approximately $89.1 million.

Capital Expenditures

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, we funded $25.3 million in capital expenditures. We anticipate spending an estimated $15.0 million to $20.0 million on capital expenditures in the remainder of 2017. We also incurred $16.0 million of hotel development costs related to the construction of a hotel in Orlando, FL. We expect total hotel development costs for this hotel to be approximately $30.0 million. We expect to fund these expenditures through a combination of cash provided by operations, working capital, borrowings under our $450 million senior unsecured credit facility, or other potential sources of capital, to the extent available to us.

Contractual Obligations

The following table outlines the timing of required payments related to our long-term debt and other contractual obligations at September 30, 2017 (dollars in thousands):



	Payments Due By Period
	Total		Less than One Year		One to Three Years		Four to Five Years		More than Five Years
Debt obligations ^{(1) (5)}	$	777,464	$	8,151	$	208,656	$	436,196	$	124,461
Currently projected interest ⁽²⁾	112,196		29,636		49,159		28,258		5,143
Operating lease obligations ⁽³⁾	113,970		1,756		3,592		3,764		104,858
Purchase obligations ⁽⁴⁾	21,084		21,084		^—		^—		^—
Total	$	1,024,714	$	60,627	$	261,407	$	468,218	$	234,462


(1)	Amounts shown include amortization of principal and debt maturities.


(2)	Interest payments on our variable rate debt have been estimated using the interest rates in effect at September 30, 2017, after giving effect to our interest rate swap.


(3)	Amounts consist primarily of non-cancelable ground lease and corporate office lease obligations.


(4)	This amount represents purchase orders and executed contracts for development or renovation projects at our hotel properties.


(5)	Only $25.0 million of the Metabank Loan has been drawn at September 30, 2017, with the remaining $22.6 million required to be drawn by December 31, 2017. The remaining $22.6 million that is available to draw is not included in total debt obligations.

Critical Accounting Policies

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-01, Clarifying the Definition of a Business, with the objective of providing guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as an acquisition of assets or a business. ASU No. 2017-01 is effective for our fiscal year commencing on January 1, 2018. The effect of this guidance is to be applied prospectively and early adoption is permitted. We have early adopted ASU No. 2017-01 for our fiscal year commencing on January 1, 2017. Under ASU No. 2017-01, we have concluded that each of the acquisitions completed in 2017 are the acquisition of assets. As such, we have capitalized the acquisition costs related to these transactions.

For other critical accounting policies, see "Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies" to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

Market risk includes risks that arise from changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices, equity prices and other market changes that affect market-sensitive instruments. In pursuing our business strategies, the primary market risk to which we are exposed is interest rate risk. Our primary interest rate exposure is to 30-day LIBOR. We primarily use fixed interest rate financing to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. On a limited basis, we also use derivative financial instruments to manage interest rate risk.

At September 30, 2017, we were party to an interest rate derivative agreement, with a total notional amount of $75.0 million, where we receive variable-rate payments in exchange for making fixed-rate payments. This agreement is accounted for as a cash flow hedge and has a termination value of $0.5 million. The interest rate swap expires on October 1, 2018.

At September 30, 2017, after giving effect to our interest rate derivative agreement, $365.4 million, or 47.0%, of our debt had fixed interest rates and $412.0 million, or 53.0%, had variable interest rates. At December 31, 2016, after giving effect to our interest rate derivative agreements, $359.9 million, or 54.7%, of our debt had fixed interest rates and $297.7 million, or 45.3%, had variable interest rates. Assuming no increase in the level of our variable rate debt outstanding at September 30, 2017, if interest rates increased by 1.0%, then our interest cost would increase by approximately $4.1 million per year.

On October 2, 2017, we entered into two separate $100 million interest rate swap agreements with an effective date of January 29, 2018, to partially fix the interest rate on a portion of our variable interest rate unsecured indebtedness. The swaps convert LIBOR from floating rate to an average fixed rate of 1.98% through January 31, 2023. The interest rate swap agreements, when effective, will result in 73% of our debt having fixed interest rates and 27% having variable interest rates.

As our fixed-rate debts mature, they will become subject to interest rate risk. In addition, as our variable-rate debts mature, lenders may impose interest rate floors on new financing arrangements because of the low interest rates experienced during the past few years. At September 30, 2017, we have scheduled debt principal amortization payments during the next 12 months totaling $8.2 million.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Controls and Procedures

Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management evaluated, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of September 30, 2017. Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of September 30, 2017, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the three month period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, which were identified in connection with management’s evaluation required by Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) under the Exchange Act, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

We are involved from time to time in litigation arising in the ordinary course of business; however, there are currently no pending legal actions that we believe would have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of operations.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities.

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information.

None.

Item 6. Exhibits.

The following exhibits are filed as part of this report:



Exhibit
Number		Description of Exhibit
10.1		$225,000,000 Credit Agreement dated September 26, 2017 among Summit Hotel OP, LP, Summit Hotel Properties, Inc., the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, KeyBank National Association, Deutsche Bank AG New York Branch, Bank of America, N.A., Capital One, National Association, PNC Bank, National Association, Regions Bank, Raymond James Bank, N.A., Royal Bank of Canada, Branch Banking and Trust Company, and U.S. Bank National Association (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 of the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 2, 2017).
10.2		Third Amendment to Credit Agreement among Summit Hotel OP, LP, Summit Hotel Properties, Inc., the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, KeyBank National Association and the financial institutions party to the Credit Agreement, dated September 26, 2017.
10.3		First Amendment to Credit Agreement among Summit Hotel OP, LP, Summit Hotel Properties, Inc., the subsidiary guarantors party thereto, Deutsche Bank AG New York Branch, and the financial institutions party to the Credit Agreement, dated September 26, 2017.
31.1†		Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Summit Hotel Properties, Inc. pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2†		Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Summit Hotel Properties, Inc. pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1††		Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Summit Hotel Properties, Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2††		Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Summit Hotel Properties, Inc. pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS		XBRL Instance Document ⁽¹⁾
101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document ⁽¹⁾
101.CAL		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document ⁽¹⁾
101.DEF		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document ⁽¹⁾
101.LAB		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Labels Linkbase Document ⁽¹⁾
101.PRE		XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document ⁽¹⁾

† - Filed herewith

†† - Furnished herewith

(1) - Submitted electronically herewith

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



	SUMMIT HOTEL PROPERTIES, INC. (registrant)

Date: October 30, 2017	By:	/s/ Greg A. Dowell
		Greg A. Dowell Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (principal financial officer)