Teladoc Health, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2018 March (Form 10-Q)

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

Form 10-Q

 

☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the quarterly period ended March  31, 2018

 

or

 

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

For the transition period from                      to                     

 

Commission File Number: 001-37477

 

 

TELADOC, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

(203) 635-2002

(Registrant’s telephone number including area code)

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒  No ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes  ☒  No  ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

 

 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.) Yes  ☐  No  ☒

 

As of April 27, 2018, the Registrant had 62,334,542 shares of Common Stock outstanding.

 

 

 

TELADOC, INC.

 

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

For the period ended March 31, 2018

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

 

 

 

PART I

FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Financial Statements

 

TELADOC, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except share and per share data, unaudited)

 

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

TELADOC, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS  

(In thousands, except share and per share data, unaudited)

 

 

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

TELADOC, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS 

(In thousands, unaudited)

 

 

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

 

 

 

 

 

TELADOC, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS  

(In thousands, unaudited)

 

 

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

 

 

Note 1. Organization and Description of Business

Teladoc, Inc. was incorporated in the State of Texas in June 2002 and changed its state of incorporation to the State of Delaware in October 2008. Unless the context otherwise requires, Teladoc, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, is referred to herein as “Teladoc” or the “Company”. The Company’s principal executive offices are located in Purchase, New York and Lewisville, Texas. Teladoc is the nation’s largest telehealth company.

On December 4, 2017, Teladoc completed a follow on public offering (the “December Offering”) in which the Company issued and sold 4,096,600 shares of common stock, including the exercise of an underwriter option to purchase additional shares, at an issuance price of $35.00 per share. The Company received net proceeds of $134.7 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $8.2 million as well as other offering expenses of $0.5 million.

On July 14, 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of Best Doctors Holdings, Inc. (“Best Doctors”), an expert medical consultation company focused on improving health outcomes for the most complex, critical and costly medical issues. See Note 5 “Business Acquisition”.

On January 24, 2017, Teladoc completed its follow on public offering (the “Follow-On Offering”) in which the Company issued and sold 7,887,500 shares of common stock, including the exercise of an underwriter option to purchase additional shares, at an issuance price of $16.75 per share. The Company received net proceeds of $123.9 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $7.6 million as well as other offering expenses of $0.6 million.

 

Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. In the opinion of the Company’s management, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals and adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flows of the Company at the dates and for the periods indicated. The interim results for the three months ended March 31, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of results for the full 2018 calendar year or any other future interim periods. As such, the information included in this quarterly report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in the Company’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. 

 

The unaudited consolidated financial statements include the results of Teladoc, its wholly owned subsidiaries,  two professional associations and twenty two professional corporations and a service corporation (collectively, the “Association”).

Teladoc Physicians, P.A. is party to several Services Agreements by and among it and the professional corporations pursuant to which each professional corporation provides services to Teladoc Physicians, P.A. Each professional corporation is established pursuant to the requirements of its respective domestic jurisdiction governing the corporate practice of medicine.

The Company holds a variable interest in the Association which contracts with physicians and other health professionals in order to provide services to Teladoc. The Association is considered a variable interest entity (“VIE”) since it does not have sufficient equity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support. An enterprise having a controlling financial interest in a VIE, must consolidate the VIE if it has both power and benefits—that is, it has (1) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance (power) and (2) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE that potentially could be significant to the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that potentially could be significant to the VIE (benefits). The Company has the power and rights to control all activities of the Association and funds and absorbs all losses of the VIE.

Total revenue and net income for the VIE were $16.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively, for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 and $8.6 million and $(2.6) million, respectively, for the quarter ended March 31, 2017. The VIE’s total assets were $9.1 million and $4.5 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Total liabilities for the VIE were $40.4 million and $36.5 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. The VIE’s total stockholders’ deficit was $31.2 million and $31.9 million at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

The functional currency for each of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the local currency. All assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at the weighted average exchange rate during the period. Cumulative translation gains or losses are included in stockholders’ equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).

The Company operates in a  single reportable segment – health services. Revenue earned by foreign operations outside of the United States were $10.9 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 and zero for the quarter ended March 31, 2017. Long-lived assets from foreign operations totaled $161.6 million as of March 31, 2018 and zero as of March 31, 2017.

All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. 

The Company adopted ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers during the quarter ended March 31, 2018, as described below. There have been no other changes to the significant accounting policies described in the 2017 Form 10-K that have had a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and related notes.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), to achieve a consistent application of revenue recognition within the U.S., resulting in a single revenue model to be applied by reporting companies under GAAP. Under the new model, recognition of revenue occurs when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the revised guidance required that reporting companies disclose the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The revised guidance was effective for the Company beginning in the quarter ending March 31, 2018; early adoption was allowed. The revised guidance was required to be applied retrospectively to each prior reporting period presented or modified retrospectively applied with the cumulative effect of initially applying it recognized at the date of initial application. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2018 utilizing the modified retrospective approach. The Company underwent a process of identifying the various types of revenue streams, performed an evaluation of the components of the associated contractual arrangements and determined that the adoption of the new standard had no impact on the consolidated financial statements. See Note 3 “Revenue”, for further information. 

 

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). ASU 2016-02 outlines a comprehensive lease accounting model and supersedes the current lease guidance. The new guidance requires lessees to recognize lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets for all leases with lease terms of greater than 12 months. It also changes the definition of a lease and expands the disclosure requirements of lease arrangements. The new guidance must be adopted using the modified retrospective approach and will be effective for the Company starting in the first quarter of fiscal 2019; early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of the adoption of this standard on its consolidated financial statements.

 

Note 3. Revenue

The Company generates virtual service revenue from contracts with Clients who purchase access to the Company’s professional Provider network or medical experts for their employees, dependents and other beneficiaries. The Company’s Client contracts include a per-Member-per-month subscription access fee as well as certain contracts that generate additional revenue on a per-telehealth visit basis for general medical and other specialty visits and expert medical opinion on a per case basis. The Company also has certain contracts that generate revenue based solely on a per

telehealth visit basis for general medical and other specialty visits. Accordingly, the Company generates subscription access revenue from subscription access fees and visit fee revenue for general medical, expert medical opinion and other specialty visit. 

The Company’s agreements generally have a term of one year. The majority of Clients renew their contracts following their first year of services. Revenues are recognized when the Company satisfies its performance obligation to stand ready to provide telehealth services which occurs when the Company’s Clients and Members have access to and obtain control of the telehealth service. The Company generally bills for the telehealth services on a monthly basis with payment terms generally being 30 days and there are not significant differences between the timing of revenue recognition and billing. Consequently, the Company has determined that client contracts do not include a financing component. Revenue is recognized in an amount that reflects the consideration that is expected in exchange for the service and this may include a variable transaction price as the number of Members may vary from the initial billing. Based on historical experience, the Company estimates this amount which is recorded as a component of revenue.     

 

Subscription access revenue accounted for approximately 80% of our total revenue during both of the quarters ended March 31, 2018 and 2017.

The following table presents the Company’s revenues disaggregated by revenue source (in thousands):

 

 

As of March 31, 2018, accounts receivable related to virtual healthcare services, net of allowance for doubtful accounts, were $30.7 million. The allowance for doubtful accounts reflects our best estimate of probable losses inherent in the accounts receivable balance. The Company determines the allowance based on historical experience, specific account information and other currently available evidence. 

For certain virtual healthcare service products, payment is required for future months before the telehealth services access is delivered to the Member. The Company records deferred revenue when cash payments are received in advance of the Company’s performance obligation to provide telehealth service access. The net increase of $0.4 million in the deferred revenue balance for the three months ended March 31, 2018 is primarily driven by cash payments received or due in advance of satisfying the Company’s performance obligations, offset by revenue recognized that were included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period. The Company anticipates that it will satisfy most of its performance obligation associated with the deferred revenue within the prospective fiscal year.

The Company’s contracts do not generally contain refund provisions for fees earned related to services performed. However, the Company’s direct-to-consumer behavioral health product provides for member refunds. Based on historical experience, the Company estimates the expected amount of refunds to be issued which are recorded as a reduction of revenue. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, the Company issued refunds of approximately $1.2 million. 

Additionally, certain of the Company’s contracts include client performance guarantees that are based upon minimum Member utilization and guarantees by the Company for specific service level performance of the Company’s services. If client performance guarantees are not being realized, the Company records, as a reduction to revenue, an

estimate of the amount that will be due at the end of the respective client’s contractual period. For the three months ended March 31, 2018, revenue recognized from performance obligations related to prior periods for the aforementioned changes in transaction price or client performance guarantees, was not material.

 

Note 4. Lease Abandonment

In connection with the Company’s abandonment of a facility in Boston, Massachusetts, the Company incurred $1.5 million in lease abandonment charges during the quarter ended March 31, 2018, which is included within acquisition and integration related costs in the consolidated statement of operations. The following table details the associated liability. The current portion of the liability of $0.9 million was recorded in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and the non-current portion of the liability of $0.6 million was recorded in other liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet (in thousands):

 

 

Note 5. Business Acquisitions

On July 14, 2017, the Company completed the acquisition of Best Doctors through a merger in which Best Doctors became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. The aggregate merger consideration paid was $445.5 million, net of cash acquired of $13.7 million, which was comprised of 1,855,078 shares of Teladoc’s common stock valued at $66.2 million on July 14, 2017, and $375.0 million of cash, subject to post-closing working capital adjustments in the amount of $4.3 million. Best Doctors provides technology innovations and services to help employers, health plans and provider organizations to ensure that their members combat medical uncertainty with access to the best medical minds. The acquisition was considered a stock acquisition for tax purposes and accordingly, the goodwill resulting from this acquisition is not tax deductible. The total acquisition related costs of the acquisition were $9.1 million and included transaction costs for investment bankers and other professional fees.

The acquisition described above was accounted for using the acquisition method of accounting, which requires, among other things, the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed be recognized at their fair values as of the acquisition date. The results of the acquisition was included within the consolidated financial statements commencing on the respective aforementioned acquisition dates.

The following table summarizes the fair value estimates of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date. The Company, with the assistance of a third-party valuation expert, estimated the fair value of the acquired tangible and intangible assets.

Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed (in thousands):

The amount allocated to goodwill reflects the benefits Teladoc expects to realize from the growth of the respective acquisitions operations.

 

Note 6. Intangible Assets, Net

Intangible assets, net consist of the following (in thousands):

Amortization expense for intangible assets was $6.7 million and $1.9 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

 

 

 

Note 7. Goodwill

Goodwill consists of the following (in thousands):

 

 

Goodwill is not amortized, but is tested for impairment annually on October 1 or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the asset may be impaired. The Company’s annual goodwill impairment test resulted in no impairment charges in any of the period presented in the consolidated financial statements.

 

 

Note 8. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):

 

 

Note 9. Fair Value Measurements

 

The Company measures its financial assets and liabilities at fair value at each reporting period using a fair value hierarchy that requires it to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s classification within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Three levels of inputs may be used to measure fair value:

 

Level 1—Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active

markets.

 

Level 2—Include other inputs that are directly or indirectly observable in the marketplace.

 

Level 3—Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity.

 

The Company measures its cash equivalents at fair value on a recurring basis. The Company classifies its cash equivalents within Level 1 because they are valued using observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets in active markets and quoted prices directly in active markets.

 

The Company measures its short-term marketable securities at fair value on a recurring basis and classifies such as Level 2. They are valued using observable inputs that reflect quoted prices directly or indirectly in active markets. The short-term marketable securities amortized cost approximates fair value.

 

The Company measures its contingent consideration at fair value on a recurring basis and classifies such as Level 3. The Company estimates the fair value of contingent consideration as the present value of the expected contingent payments, determined using the weighted probability of the possible payments.

 

The following tables present information about the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using the above input categories (in thousands):

 

There were no transfers  between fair value measurement levels during the quarter and three months ended March 31, 2018 and 2016.

The change in fair value of the Company’s contingent liability is recorded in general and administrative expenses in the consolidated statements of operations. The following table reconciles the beginning and ending balance of the Company’s Level 3 contingent liability:

 

 

 

Note 10. Long Term Bank Loan

 

There was no long term bank loan outstanding as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. On July 14, 2017 and concurrent with the consummation of the Best Doctors acquisition, the Company entered into a $175.0 million Senior Secured Term Loan Facility (the “New Term Loan Facility”) and a $10.0 million Senior Secured Revolving Credit Facility (the “New Revolving Credit Facility”). The New Term Loan Facility was used to fund the purchase of Best Doctors and the New Revolving Credit Facility is available for working capital and other general corporate purposes. In December 2017, the Company used the proceeds from the December Offering and repaid all the outstanding amounts under the $175.0 million New Term Loan Facility. The Company has maintained the New Revolving Credit Facility and, as described above, there was no amount outstanding as of March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. 

The Company was in compliance with all debt covenants at March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.

 

Note 11. Convertible Senior Notes

On June 27, 2017, the Company issued, at par value, $275 million aggregate principal amount of 3% convertible senior notes due 2022 (the “2022 Notes”). The 2022 Notes bear cash interest at a rate of 3% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year. The 2022 Notes will mature on December 15, 2022. The net proceeds to the Company from the offering were $263.7 million after deducting offering costs of approximately $11.3 million.

The 2022 Notes are senior unsecured obligations of the Company and rank senior in right of payment to the Company’s indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the 2022 Notes; equal in right of payment to the Company’s liabilities that is not so subordinated; effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company’s secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities incurred by the Company’s subsidiaries.

Holders may convert all or any portion of their 2022 Notes in integral multiples of $1,000 principal amount, at their option, at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding June 15, 2022 only under the following circumstances:

On or after June 15, 2022, until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert all or any portion of their 2022 Notes, regardless of the foregoing circumstances.

The conversion rate for the 2022 Notes was initially, and remains, 22.7247 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the 2022 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $44.00 per share of the Company’s common stock. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination thereof, at the Company’s election. If the Company elects (or is deemed to have elected) to satisfy the conversion obligation solely in cash or through payment and delivery, as the case may be, of a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, the amount of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock, if any, due upon conversion will be based on a daily conversion value calculated on a proportionate basis for each trading day in a 25 trading day observation period (as defined in the 2022 Notes Indenture).

The Company may redeem for cash all or any portion of the 2022 Notes, at its option, on or after December 22, 2020 if the last reported sale price of its common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of the redemption. The redemption price will be the principal amount of the 2022 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any. In addition, calling any 2022 Note for redemption on or after December 22, 2020 will constitute a make-whole fundamental change (as defined in the 2022 Notes Indenture) with respect to that 2022 Note, in which case the conversion rate applicable to the conversion of that Note, if it is converted in connection with the redemption, will be increased in certain circumstances as described in the 2022 Notes Indenture.

In accounting for the issuance of the 2022 Notes, the Company separated the 2022 Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar liability that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the 2022 Notes as a whole. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its carrying amount, referred to as the debt discount, is amortized to interest expense from the issuance date to June 15, 2022 (the

first date on which the Company may be required to repurchase the 2022 Notes at the option of the holder). The equity component is not re-measured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. The equity component related to the 2022 Notes was $62.4 million, net of issuance costs which was recorded in additional paid-in capital on the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheet.

In accounting for the transaction costs related to the issuance of the 2022 Notes, the Company allocated the total costs incurred to the liability and equity components of the 2022 Notes based on their relative values. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component are being amortized to interest expense over the five and a half year term of the 2022 Notes, and transaction costs attributable to the equity component are netted with the equity components in stockholders’ equity.

 

The 2022 Notes consist of the following (in thousands):

 

 

The fair value of the 2022 Notes was approximately $327 million as of March 31, 2018. The Company estimates the fair value of its 2022 Notes utilizing market quotations for debt that have quoted prices in active markets. Since the 2022 Notes do not trade on a daily basis in an active market, the fair value estimates are based on market observable inputs based on borrowing rates currently available for debt with similar terms and average maturities, which are classified as Level 2 measurements within the fair value hierarchy. See Note 9, “Fair Value Measurements,” for definitions of hierarchy levels. As of March 31, 2018, the remaining contractual life of the 2022 Notes is approximately 4.3 years.

 

The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the 2022 Notes (in thousands):

 

 

 

 

 

 

Note 12. Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Matters

 

The Company may become subject to legal proceedings, claims and litigation arising in the ordinary course of its business. At March 31, 2018, the Company is not a party to any material legal proceeding, and it is not aware of any pending or threatened litigation that would have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition should such litigation be resolved unfavorably.

 

Note 13. Common Stock and Stockholders’ Equity

Capitalization

Effective May 25, 2017, the authorized number of shares of the Company’s common stock was increased from 75,000,000 to 100,000,000 shares.

On December 4, 2017, Teladoc closed on its December Offering in which the Company issued and sold 4,096,600 shares of common stock, including the exercise of an underwriter option to purchase additional shares, at an issuance price of $35.00 per share. The Company received net proceeds of $134.7 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $8.2 million as well as other offering expenses of $0.5 million.

On January 24, 2017, Teladoc closed on its Follow-On Offering in which the Company issued and sold 7,887,500 shares of common stock, including the exercise of an underwriter option to purchase additional shares, at an issuance price of $16.75 per share. The Company received net proceeds of $123.9 million after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions of $7.6 million as well as other offering expenses of $0.6 million. 

Stock Plan and Stock Options

 

The Company’s 2015 Incentive Award Plan (the “Plan”) provides for the issuance of incentive and non-statutory options and other equity-based awards to its employees and non‑employees. Options issued under the Plan are exercisable for periods not to exceed ten years, and vest and contain such other terms and conditions as specified in the applicable award document. Options to buy common stock are issued under the Plan, with exercise prices equal to the closing price of shares of the Company’s common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on the trading day immediately preceding the date of award.

Activity under the Plan is as follows (in thousands, except share and per share amounts and years):

The total grant‑date fair value of stock options granted during the quarter ended March 31, 2018 was $52.0 million.

Stock‑Based Compensation

All stock‑based awards to employees are measured based on the grant‑date fair value of the awards and are generally recognized in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations over the period during which the employee is required to perform services in exchange for the award (generally requiring a four‑year vesting period for each award). The Company estimates the fair value of stock options granted using the Black‑Scholes option‑pricing model. Compensation cost is generally recognized over the vesting period of the applicable award using the straight‑line method.

The assumptions used in the Black‑Scholes option‑pricing model are determined as follows:

Volatility.  Since the Company does not have a trading history prior to July 2015 for its common stock, the expected volatility was derived from the historical stock volatilities of several unrelated public companies within its industry that it considers to be comparable to its business combined with the Company’s stock volatility over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants.

Risk‑Free Interest Rate.  The risk‑free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury zero‑coupon issues with terms similar to the expected term on the options.

Expected Term.  The expected term represents the period that the stock‑based awards are expected to be outstanding. When establishing the expected term assumption, the Company utilizes historical data.

Dividend Yield.  The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends and does not plan to pay cash dividends in the foreseeable future, and therefore, it used an expected dividend yield of zero.

Forfeiture rate.  The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur.

The fair value of each option grant was estimated on the date of grant using the Black‑Scholes option‑pricing model with the following assumptions and fair value per share:

For the quarter ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded compensation expense related to stock options granted of $5.4 million and $2.9 million, respectively.

As of March 31, 2018, the Company had $60.4 million in unrecognized compensation cost related to non‑vested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted‑average period of approximately 3.0 years.

 

Restricted Stock Units

In May 2017, the Company commenced issuing Restricted Stock Units (“RSU’s”) to employees and Board members under the 2017 Employment Inducement Incentive Award Plan.

The fair value of the RSU’s is determined on the date of grant. On a monthly basis, the Company will record compensation expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a straight-line basis over the vesting period. The vesting period for employees and members of the Board of Directors is ranges from one to four years.

Activity under the RSU’s is as follows (in thousands, except share and per share amounts and years):

 

 

The total grant‑date fair value of RSU’s granted during the quarter March 31, 2018 were $35.1 million. There was no RSU’s granted during the quarter ended March 31, 2017.

 

For the quarter ended March 31, 2018, the Company recorded stock based compensation expense related to the RSU’s of $2.3 million. There was no charge for the quarter ended March 31, 2017.

 

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In July 2015, the Company adopted the 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, or ESPP. A total of 645,258 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance under this plan as of March 31, 2018. The Company’s ESPP permits eligible employees to purchase common stock at a discount through payroll deductions during defined offering periods. Under the ESPP, the Company may specify offerings with durations of not more than 27 months, and may specify shorter purchase periods within each offering. Each offering will have one or more purchase dates on which shares of its common stock will be purchased for employees participating in the offering. An offering may be terminated under certain circumstances. The price at which the stock is purchased is equal to the lower of 85% of the fair market value of the common stock at the beginning of an offering period or on the date of purchase.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2018, the Company had not issued any shares under the ESPP. During 2017, the Company issued 127,510 shares under the ESPP. 517,748 shares remained available for issuance as of March 31, 2018.

For the quarter ended March 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company recorded stock-based compensation expense related to the ESPP of $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively, based on offerings made under the plan to-date.

Total compensation costs charged as an expense for stock‑based awards, including stock options, RSU’s and ESPP, recognized in the components of operating expenses are as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

 

Note 14. Income Taxes

As a result of the Company’s history of net operating losses, the Company has provided for a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets for assets that are not more-likely-than-not to be realized. For the quarter ended March 31, 2018, the income tax benefit was recognized for the indefinite lived NOL that is forecasted for the 2018 calendar year which can be netted up to 80% of the deferred tax liability associated with the goodwill, offset by timing differences with respect to the treatment of the amortization of tax deductible goodwill, as well as foreign related income. Income tax provisions recognized for the quarter ended March 31, 2017, were primarily attributable to the timing differences with respect to the treatment of the amortization of tax deductible goodwill. A majority of the Company’s operations, and resulting deferred tax assets, were generated in the United States.

H.R. 1, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, was enacted on December 22, 2017. The Tax Act included significant changes to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, including amendments which significantly change the taxation of business entities. ASC 740, Accounting for Income Taxes, requires companies to recognize the effect of tax law changes in the period of enactment. The Company recognized the impact of the reduction in the U.S. statutory rate from 35% to 21% at December 31, 2017 as well as the impact of the mandatory repatriation, which was fully offset with a change in valuation allowance. Given the significance of the legislation, the Securities and Exchange Commission staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (SAB 118), which clarifies accounting for income taxes under ASC 740 if information is not yet available or complete and provided for up to a one-year period in which to complete the required analyses and accounting. The Company is continuing to evaluate the impacts of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act in accordance with SAB 118.

Beginning with the quarter ended March 31, 2018, the Company is calculating tax expense based on the newly enacted U.S. statutory rate of 21%. The Tax Act includes a Base Erosion Anti-Abuse Tax, commonly referred to as BEAT, which imposes a minimum tax on certain deductible payments or accruals made to foreign affiliates in tax years beginning after December 31, 2017. The Company has determined that it is currently not subject to BEAT. The Tax Act imposes a minimum tax on global intangible low-taxed income, commonly referred to as GILTI. The Company does not expect to recognize any tax expense related to GILTI as it has net operating losses available and a full valuation allowance. In addition the Tax Act imposes an interest expense limitation which disallows a portion of the interest deduction based on EBTIDA. While the disallowed interest deduction is deferred, there is no impact to tax expense due to the current year taxable loss and related valuation allowance.

 

 

Item 2.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 that involve risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical fact are, or may be, forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on current expectations, estimate, assumptions and projections about our industry, business and future financial results. We use words such as “anticipates”, “believes”, “suggests”, “targets”, “projects”, “plans”, “expects”, “future”, “intends”, “estimates”, “predicts”, “potential”, “may”, “will”, “should”, “could”, “would”, “likely”, “foresee”, “forecast”, “continue” and other similar words or phrases, as well as statements in the future tense to identify these forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be different from any future results, performance and achievements expressed or implied by these statements. Our actual results could differ materially from the results contemplated by these forward-looking statements due to a number of important factors, including those set forth below.