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TravelCenters of America Inc. /MD/ - Quarter Report: 2017 March (Form 10-Q)

Table of Contents



UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q
 
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2017

 Commission File Number 001-33274

TRAVELCENTERS OF AMERICA LLC
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
 
 
 
 
 
Delaware
 
20-5701514
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
 
 
 
 
 
24601 Center Ridge Road, Suite 200, Westlake, OH 44145-5639
 
 
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(440) 808-9100
 
 
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes x   No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes x  No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer o
 
Accelerated filer x
 
 
 
Non-accelerated filer o  
 
Smaller reporting company o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
 
 
 
 
Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes o  No x

 Number of Common Shares outstanding at May 8, 2017: 39,517,611 common shares.

Table of Contents



TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
As used herein the terms "we," "us," "our" and "TA" include TravelCenters of America LLC and its consolidated subsidiaries unless otherwise expressly stated or the context otherwise requires.


Table of Contents



Part I.  Financial Information

Item 1.  Financial Statements

TravelCenters of America LLC
Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
(in thousands)
 
March 31,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Assets
 

 
 

Current assets:
 

 
 

Cash and cash equivalents
$
37,646

 
$
61,312

Accounts receivable (less allowance for doubtful accounts of $599 and $744 as of
   March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively)
111,981

 
107,246

Inventory
197,949

 
204,145

Other current assets
25,585

 
29,358

Total current assets
373,161

 
402,061

 
 
 
 
Property and equipment, net
1,061,992

 
1,082,022

Goodwill
89,698

 
88,542

Other intangible assets, net
36,604

 
37,738

Other noncurrent assets
57,305

 
49,478

Total assets
$
1,618,760

 
$
1,659,841

 
 
 
 
Liabilities and Shareholders' Equity
 

 
 

Current liabilities:
 

 
 

Accounts payable
$
143,917

 
$
157,964

Current HPT Leases liabilities
40,351

 
39,720

Other current liabilities
149,125

 
132,648

Total current liabilities
333,393

 
330,332

 
 
 
 
Long term debt, net
318,959

 
318,739

Noncurrent HPT Leases liabilities
378,426

 
381,854

Other noncurrent liabilities
62,981

 
75,837

Total liabilities
1,093,759

 
1,106,762

 
 
 
 
Shareholders' equity:
 

 
 

Common shares, no par value, 41,369 shares authorized as of March 31, 2017
   and December 31, 2016, and 39,518 and 39,523 shares issued and outstanding as
   of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively
687,523

 
686,348

Accumulated other comprehensive income
159

 
11

Accumulated deficit
(164,102
)
 
(134,678
)
Total TA shareholders' equity
523,580

 
551,681

Noncontrolling interests
1,421

 
1,398

Total shareholders' equity
525,001

 
553,079

Total liabilities and shareholders' equity
$
1,618,760

 
$
1,659,841

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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TravelCenters of America LLC
Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)


 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Revenues:
 

 
 

Fuel
$
935,296

 
$
709,528

Nonfuel
451,374

 
436,018

Rent and royalties from franchisees
4,096

 
4,276

Total revenues
1,390,766

 
1,149,822

 
 
 
 
Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation):
 

 
 

Fuel
849,711

 
617,827

Nonfuel
195,999

 
191,703

Total cost of goods sold
1,045,710

 
809,530

 
 
 
 
Operating expenses:
 

 
 

Site level operating
245,915

 
234,050

Selling, general and administrative
40,812

 
30,966

Real estate rent
67,999

 
63,529

Depreciation and amortization
31,800

 
20,525

Total operating expenses
386,526

 
349,070

 
 
 
 
Loss from operations
(41,470
)
 
(8,778
)
 
 
 
 
Acquisition costs
140

 
969

Interest expense, net
7,384

 
6,821

Income from equity investees
278

 
947

Loss before income taxes
(48,716
)
 
(15,621
)
Benefit for income taxes
19,315

 
5,677

Net loss
(29,401
)
 
(9,944
)
Less: net income for noncontrolling interests
23

 
—

Net loss attributable to common shareholders
$
(29,424
)
 
$
(9,944
)
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive income, net of tax:
 

 
 

Foreign currency income, net of taxes of $18 and $121, respectively
$
26

 
$
194

Equity interest in investee's unrealized gain on investments
122

 
52

Other comprehensive income attributable to common shareholders
148

 
246

 
 
 
 
Comprehensive loss attributable to common shareholders
$
(29,276
)
 
$
(9,698
)
 
 
 
 
Net loss per common share attributable to common shareholders:
 

 
 

Basic and diluted
$
(0.74
)
 
$
(0.26
)
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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TravelCenters of America LLC
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
(in thousands)


 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Cash flows from operating activities:
 

 
 

Net loss
$
(29,401
)
 
$
(9,944
)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by
   operating activities:
 

 
 

Noncash rent expense
(3,662
)
 
(3,346
)
Depreciation and amortization expense
31,800

 
20,525

Deferred income taxes
(20,746
)
 
(4,121
)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of business acquisitions:
 

 
 

Accounts receivable
(4,590
)
 
(17,061
)
Inventory
6,282

 
1,676

Other assets
3,805

 
6,497

Accounts payable and other liabilities
4,351

 
16,998

Other, net
1,418

 
246

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities
(10,743
)
 
11,470

 
 
 
 
Cash flows from investing activities:
 

 
 

Proceeds from asset sales
24,324

 
37,761

Capital expenditures
(30,066
)
 
(56,479
)
Acquisitions of businesses, net of cash acquired
(6,110
)
 
(35,123
)
Other
(1,500
)
 
—

Net cash used in investing activities
(13,352
)
 
(53,841
)
 
 
 
 
Cash flows from financing activities:
 

 
 

Proceeds from sale leaseback transactions with HPT
584

 
50

Sale leaseback financing obligation payments
(186
)
 
(118
)
Other, net
—

 
(74
)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
398

 
(142
)
 
 
 
 
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash
31

 
30

Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents
(23,666
)
 
(42,483
)
Cash and cash equivalents at the beginning of the period
61,312

 
172,087

Cash and cash equivalents at the end of the period
$
37,646

 
$
129,604

 
 
 
 
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
 

 
 

Interest paid (including rent classified as interest and net of capitalized interest)
$
7,671

 
$
6,971

Income taxes received, net of payments
26

 
420

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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TravelCenters of America LLC
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)


1.
Business Description and Basis of Presentation
TravelCenters of America LLC, which we refer to as the Company or we, us and our, is a Delaware limited liability company. As of March 31, 2017, we operated and franchised 541 travel center, standalone convenience store, and standalone restaurant locations. Our customers include trucking fleets and their drivers, independent truck drivers, highway and local motorists and casual diners. We also collect rents, royalties and other fees from our tenants and franchisees.
We manage our business on the basis of two separately reportable segments, travel centers and convenience stores. See Note 12 for more information about our reportable segments. We have a single travel center located in a foreign country, Canada, that we do not consider material to our operations.
As of March 31, 2017, our business included 256 travel centers in 43 states in the United States, or U.S., primarily along the U.S. interstate highway system, and the province of Ontario, Canada. Our travel centers included 178 locations operated under the "TravelCenters of America" and "TA" brand names, or the TA brand, and 78 locations operated under the "Petro Stopping Centers" and "Petro" brand names, or the Petro brand. Of our 256 travel centers at March 31, 2017, we owned 30, we leased 199, we operated two for a joint venture in which we own a noncontrolling interest and 25 were owned or leased from others by our franchisees. We operated 226 of our travel centers and franchisees operated 30 travel centers, including five we leased to franchisees. Our travel centers offer a broad range of products and services, including diesel fuel and gasoline, as well as nonfuel products and services such as truck repair and maintenance services, full service restaurants, quick service restaurants, or QSRs, and various customer amenities. We report this portion of our business as our travel center segment.
As of March 31, 2017, our business included 233 convenience stores in 11 states in the U.S. We operate our convenience stores under the "Minit Mart" brand name, or the Minit Mart brand. Of these 233 convenience stores at March 31, 2017, we owned 198, we leased 32 and we operated three for a joint venture in which we own a noncontrolling interest. Our convenience stores offer gasoline as well as a variety of nonfuel products and services, including coffee, groceries, some fresh foods, and, in many stores, a QSR and/or car wash. We report this portion of our business as our convenience store segment.
As of March 31, 2017, our business included 52 standalone restaurants in 15 states in the U.S. operated primarily under the "Quaker Steak & Lube" brand name, or the QSL brand. Of our 52 standalone restaurants at March 31, 2017, we owned seven, we leased nine, we operated one for a joint venture in which we own a noncontrolling interest and 35 were owned or leased from others by our franchisees. We report this portion of our business within corporate and other in our segment information.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements are unaudited. These unaudited interim financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, applicable for interim financial statements. The disclosures presented do not include all the information necessary for complete financial statements in accordance with GAAP. These unaudited interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, or our Annual Report. In the opinion of our management, the accompanying consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, including normal recurring adjustments, considered necessary for a fair presentation. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. While our revenues are modestly seasonal, the quarterly variations in our operating results may reflect greater seasonal differences because our rent expense and certain other costs do not vary seasonally. For this and other reasons, our operating results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for a full year.
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
Fair Value Measurement
Senior Notes
We collectively refer to our $110,000 of 8.25% Senior Notes due 2028, our $120,000 of 8.00% Senior Notes due 2029 and our $100,000 of 8.00% Senior Notes due 2030 as our Senior Notes, which are our senior unsecured obligations. We estimate that, based on their trading prices (a Level 1 input), the aggregate fair value of our Senior Notes on March 31, 2017, was $334,372.

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TravelCenters of America LLC
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements 
In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or the FASB, issued Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, or ASU 2014-09, which establishes a comprehensive revenue recognition standard under GAAP for almost all industries. The new standard will apply for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods therein. Early adoption is prohibited. To address implementation of ASU 2014-09 and evaluate its impact on our consolidated financial statements, we have developed a project plan in which we are utilizing a bottom up approach to evaluate our revenue streams and related internal controls. Since many of our revenue streams are point of sale, we do not believe the implementation of this standard will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements. We expect to complete our assessment, including selecting a transition method for adoption of this Standard Update, by the end of the third quarter of 2017.
In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update 2016-02, Leases, which establishes a comprehensive lease standard under GAAP for virtually all industries. The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase of the leased asset by the lessee. This classification will determine whether the lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight line basis over the term of the lease. A lessee is also required to record a right of use asset and a lease liability on the consolidated balance sheet for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases. The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases. The new standard will apply for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods therein, and requires modified retrospective application. Early adoption is permitted. We are in the process of evaluating the effects the adoption of this update may have on our consolidated financial statements. We believe the adoption of this update will have a material impact on our consolidated balance sheets due to the recognition of the lease rights and obligations as assets and liabilities. While the adoption will have no effect on the cash we pay, amounts within our statements of operations and comprehensive loss are expected to change materially.

2. 
Earnings Per Share
The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss attributable to common shareholders to net loss available to common shareholders and the related earnings per share.
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Net loss attributable to common shareholders, as reported
$
(29,424
)
 
$
(9,944
)
Less: net loss attributable to participating securities
(1,559
)
 
(489
)
Net loss available to common shareholders
$
(27,865
)
 
$
(9,455
)
 
 
 
 
Weighted average common shares(1)
37,426

 
36,891

 
 
 
 
Basic and diluted net loss per common share
$
(0.74
)
 
$
(0.26
)
(1) 
Excludes the unvested shares awarded under our share award plans, which shares are considered participating securities because they participate equally in earnings and losses with all of our other common shares. The weighted average number of unvested shares outstanding for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, was 2,094 and 1,908, respectively.


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TravelCenters of America LLC
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)

3. 
Acquisitions
During the three months ended March 31, 2017, we acquired six standalone restaurants from one of our franchisees for an aggregate purchase price of $6,110, and accounted for this transaction as a business combination, which requires, among other things, that the assets acquired and liabilities assumed be recognized at their respective fair values as of the date of acquisition. We have included the results of this acquired business in our consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. The pro forma impact of this acquisition, including the results of operations of the acquired standalone restaurants from the beginning of the periods presented, is not material to our consolidated financial statements.
As of March 31, 2017, we had entered an agreement to acquire one travel center from one of our franchisees for a purchase price of $13,050, excluding closing costs and working capital adjustments. We expect to complete this acquisition during the third quarter of 2017, but this purchase is subject to conditions and may not occur, may be delayed or the terms may change.
Acquisition costs, such as legal fees, due diligence costs and closing costs, are not included as a component of consideration transferred in business combinations but instead are expensed as incurred.

4. 
Goodwill
Goodwill consisted of the following:
 
March 31,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Travel center segment
$
17,252

 
$
17,252

Convenience store segment
69,400

 
69,400

Quaker Steak & Lube business
3,046

 
1,890

Total goodwill
$
89,698

 
$
88,542

During the three months ended March 31, 2017, goodwill increased by $1,156 in connection with the acquisition of six standalone restaurants. See Note 3 for more information about our acquisitions.

5. 
Income Taxes
We have historically calculated the provision for income taxes during interim reporting periods by applying an estimated annual effective tax rate for the full fiscal year to net income (loss) before income taxes for the reporting period. Since we determined that relatively small changes in estimated annual income (loss) before income taxes could result in significant changes in the estimated annual effective tax rate, we have calculated our income tax provision using a discrete rate based on the actual loss before income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2017. We will use a discrete rate for the remainder of 2017.


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TravelCenters of America LLC
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)

6. 
Equity Investments
Our investments in equity affiliates, which are presented in our consolidated balance sheets in other noncurrent assets, and our proportional share of our investees' net income (loss) recognized in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss were as follows:
 
PTP
 
Other(1)
 
Total
Investment balance:
 
 
 
 
 
As of March 31, 2017
$
22,203

 
$
23,951

 
$
46,154

As of December 31, 2016
21,657

 
24,097

 
45,754

 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) from equity investments:
 
 
 
 
 
Three months ended March 31, 2017
$
547

 
$
(269
)
 
$
278

Three months ended March 31, 2016
870

 
77

 
947

(1) 
Includes equity investments that are not individually material to our consolidated financial statements, including our investment in Affiliates Insurance Company, or AIC. See Note 9 for more information about our investment in AIC.
Petro Travel Plaza Holdings LLC
Petro Travel Plaza Holdings LLC, or PTP, is a joint venture between us and Tejon Development Corporation that owns two travel centers, three convenience stores and one standalone restaurant in California. We own a 40% interest in PTP and we receive a management fee from PTP to operate the two travel centers, three convenience stores and one standalone restaurant.
The following table sets forth summarized financial information of PTP. The PTP operations are not consolidated with us and these amounts are not included in our consolidated financial statements.
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
2017
 
2016
Total revenues
$
26,241

 
$
23,804

Cost of goods sold (excluding depreciation)
19,135

 
16,376

Operating income
1,609

 
2,407

Net income and comprehensive income
1,502

 
2,291


7. 
HPT Leases
As of March 31, 2017, we leased from HPT a total of 198 properties under five leases, four of which we refer to as the TA Leases and one of which we refer to as the Petro Lease, and which collectively we refer to as the HPT Leases. We recognized rent expense under the HPT Leases of $64,951 and $60,829 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
Our minimum annual rent as of March 31, 2017, was $274,114. In addition to the payment of minimum annual rent, the HPT Leases provide for payment to HPT of percentage rent based on increases in total nonfuel revenues over base year levels. The total amount of percentage rent that we incurred during the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, was $655 and $246, respectively. HPT waived $311 of percentage rent under the Petro Lease for the three months ended March 31, 2016; as of June 30, 2016, HPT had cumulatively waived all of the $2,500 of percentage rent it previously agreed to waive and no further waivers are contractually required.

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TravelCenters of America LLC
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)

During the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, pursuant to the terms of our HPT Leases, we sold to HPT $24,908 and $20,575, respectively, of improvements we previously made to properties leased from HPT. As a result, our minimum annual rent payable to HPT increased by $2,117 and $1,749, respectively. At March 31, 2017, our property and equipment balance included $9,737 of improvements of the type that we typically request that HPT purchase for an increase in minimum annual rent; however, HPT is not obligated to purchase these improvements.
The following table summarizes the various amounts related to the HPT Leases that are included in our consolidated balance sheets.
 
March 31,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Current HPT Leases liabilities:
 

 
 

Accrued rent
$
23,373

 
$
22,868

Sale leaseback financing obligation
610

 
484

Straight line rent accrual
2,458

 
2,458

Deferred gain
10,140

 
10,140

Deferred tenant improvements allowance
3,770

 
3,770

Total current HPT Leases liabilities
$
40,351

 
$
39,720

 
 
 
 
Noncurrent HPT Leases liabilities:
 

 
 

Deferred rent obligation
$
150,000

 
$
150,000

Sale leaseback financing obligation
21,475

 
21,165

Straight line rent accrual
47,511

 
47,771

Deferred gain
118,796

 
121,331

Deferred tenant improvements allowance
40,644

 
41,587

Total noncurrent HPT Leases liabilities
$
378,426

 
$
381,854

On May 3, 2017, pursuant to the terms of our June 2015 transaction agreement with HPT, as amended, we sold to, and leased back from, HPT the fourth and final development property that is subject to that agreement for a sales price of $27,602. This property was added to the HPT Leases and our minimum annual rent under the HPT Leases increased by $2,346 as a result.

8. 
Business and Property Management Agreements with RMR
The RMR Group LLC, or RMR, provides us certain services that we require to operate our business. We have two agreements with RMR to provide management services to us: (i) a business management agreement, which relates to various aspects of our business generally, and (ii) a property management agreement, which relates to building management services for our headquarters building. Pursuant to our business management agreement and property management agreement with RMR, we incurred aggregate fees of $3,324 and $3,233 for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. In addition, we incurred internal audit costs of $67 for each of the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, for which we reimburse RMR pursuant to our business management agreement. These fees and costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. For more information about our relationships with RMR please refer to Notes 11 and 12 in our Annual Report.


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TravelCenters of America LLC
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)

9.
Related Party Transactions
We have relationships and historical and continuing transactions with HPT, RMR, AIC and others related to them.
Relationship with HPT
We are HPT's largest tenant and HPT is our principal landlord and largest shareholder. As of March 31, 2017, HPT owned 3,420 of our common shares, representing approximately 8.7% of our outstanding common shares.
As of March 31, 2017, we leased from HPT a total of 198 properties under the HPT Leases. RMR provides management services to both us and HPT. See Note 7 for more information about our lease agreements and transactions with HPT.
Relationship with RMR
We have two agreements with RMR to provide management services to us. See Note 8 for further information regarding our management agreements with RMR.
Relationship with AIC
We, HPT and five other companies to which RMR provides management services each currently own AIC, an Indiana insurance company, in equal amounts. We and the other shareholders of AIC participate in a combined property insurance program arranged and reinsured in part by AIC. As of March 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, our investment in AIC had a carrying value of $7,366 and $7,116, respectively. These amounts are included in other noncurrent assets on our consolidated balance sheets. We recognized income related to our investment in AIC, which amounts are presented as income from equity investees in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. Our other comprehensive income includes our proportionate share of unrealized gains on securities held for sale, which are owned by AIC.
For further information about our transactions and relationships with HPT, RMR, AIC and certain other related persons, please refer to our Annual Report.

10.
Contingencies
Legal Proceedings
We are routinely involved in various legal and administrative proceedings, including tax audits, incidental to the ordinary course of our business. Except as set forth below, we do not expect that any litigation or administrative proceedings in which we are presently involved will have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.
Environmental Contingencies
Extensive environmental laws regulate our operations and properties. These laws may require us to investigate and clean up hazardous substances, including petroleum or natural gas products, released at our owned and leased properties. Governmental entities or third parties may hold us liable for property damage and personal injuries, and for investigation, remediation and monitoring costs incurred in connection with any contamination and regulatory compliance at our locations. We use both underground storage tanks and above ground storage tanks to store petroleum products, natural gas and other hazardous substances at our locations. We must comply with environmental laws regarding tank construction, integrity testing, leak detection and monitoring, overfill and spill control, release reporting and financial assurance for corrective action in the event of a release. At some locations we must also comply with environmental laws relative to vapor recovery or discharges to water. Under the terms of the HPT Leases, we generally have agreed to indemnify HPT for any environmental liabilities related to properties that we lease from HPT and we are required to pay all environmental related expenses incurred in the operation of the leased properties. Under an agreement with Equilon Enterprises LLC doing business as Shell Oil Products U.S., or Shell, we have agreed to indemnify Shell and its affiliates from certain environmental liabilities incurred with respect to our travel centers where Shell has installed natural gas fueling lanes.

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TravelCenters of America LLC
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)

From time to time we have received, and in the future likely will receive, notices of alleged violations of environmental laws or otherwise have become or will become aware of the need to undertake corrective actions to comply with environmental laws at our locations. Investigatory and remedial actions were, and regularly are, undertaken with respect to releases of hazardous substances at our locations. In some cases we received, and may receive in the future, contributions to partially offset our environmental costs from insurers, from state funds established for environmental clean up associated with the sale of petroleum products or from indemnitors who agreed to fund certain environmental related costs at locations purchased from those indemnitors. To the extent we incur material amounts for environmental matters for which we do not receive or expect to receive insurance or other third party reimbursement or for which we have not previously recorded a liability, our operating results may be materially adversely affected. In addition, to the extent we fail to comply with environmental laws and regulations, or we become subject to costs and requirements not similarly experienced by our competitors, our competitive position may be harmed.
At March 31, 2017, we had a gross accrued liability of $3,422 for environmental matters as well as a receivable for expected recoveries of certain of these estimated future expenditures of $587, resulting in an estimated net amount of $2,835 that we expect to fund in the future. We cannot precisely know the ultimate costs we may incur in connection with currently known environmental related violations, corrective actions, investigation and remediation; however, we do not expect the costs for such matters to be material, individually or in the aggregate, to our financial position or results of operations.
In February 2014, we reached an agreement with the California State Water Resources Control Board, or the State Water Board, to settle certain claims the State Water Board had filed against us in California Superior Court, or the Superior Court, in 2010 relating to alleged violations of underground storage tank laws and regulations for a cash payment of $1,800; suspended penalties of $1,000 that would become payable by us in the future if, prior to March 2019, we fail to comply with specified underground storage tank laws and regulations; and our agreement to invest, prior to March 2018, up to $2,000 of verified costs to develop and implement a comprehensive compliance program for the underground storage tank systems at all of our California facilities that is above and beyond minimum requirements of California law (which costs have since been incurred and were verified as of February 2017). The settlement, which was approved by the Superior Court on February 20, 2014, also included injunctive relief provisions requiring that we comply with certain California environmental laws and regulations applicable to underground storage tank systems. In October 2015, the State Water Board issued a notice of alleged suspended penalty conduct claiming that we are liable for the full amount of the $1,000 in suspended penalties as a result of five alleged violations of underground storage tank regulations and requesting further information concerning the alleged violations. In November 2015, we filed our response to the State Water Board's notice and we have since met with the State Water Board to attempt to respond to these matters without a court hearing. We believe we have meritorious defenses to these alleged violations, but cannot predict whether any penalties relating to these matters will be assessed by the Superior Court, which has retained jurisdiction over such matters. The State Water Board also has retained the right to file a separate action relating to these violations, but to date has not done so. As of March 31, 2017, our balance sheet included a liability of $1,000 with respect to these matters concerning the State Water Board and we believe, though we can provide no assurance, that any additional amount of loss we may realize above that accrued, if any, upon the ultimate resolution of this matter will not be material to us.
We currently have insurance of up to $10,000 per incident and up to $25,000 in the aggregate for certain environmental liabilities, subject, in each case, to certain limitations and deductibles. However, we can provide no assurance that we will be able to maintain similar environmental insurance coverage in the future on acceptable terms.
We cannot predict the ultimate effect changing circumstances and changing environmental laws may have on us in the future or the ultimate outcome of matters currently pending. We cannot be certain that contamination presently unknown to us does not exist at our sites, or that material liability will not be imposed on us in the future. If we discover additional environmental issues, or if government agencies impose additional environmental requirements, increased environmental compliance or remediation expenditures may be required, which could have a material adverse effect on us.

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TravelCenters of America LLC
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)

Other Disputes
On November 30, 2016, we filed a complaint, or the Complaint, captioned TA Operating LLC v. Comdata, Inc. and FleetCor Technologies, Inc., C.A. No. 12954-CB (Del. Ch.), in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, or the Court, against FleetCor Technologies, Inc., or FleetCor, and its subsidiary Comdata Inc., or Comdata, with respect to a notice of termination we received from Comdata on November 3, 2016, purporting to terminate an agreement between us and Comdata under which we agreed to accept Comdata issued fuel cards through January 2, 2022, in payment for fuel and nonfuel transactions initiated by cardholders at our travel center locations in exchange for fees payable by us to Comdata, or the Merchant Agreement, based upon Comdata's assertion that we had breached an agreement under which we agreed to install radio frequency identification, or RFID, technology at our travel centers, or the RFID Agreement. In the Complaint, we seek, among other things, (a) a declaration that we are not in default under our Merchant Agreement; (b) a judgment that Comdata has breached its contractual duties to us; (c) a judgment that Comdata breached its implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing to us; (d) a judgment that Comdata has and is willfully and knowingly engaged in unfair, abusive and deceptive business practices in the course of its business dealings with us in violation of applicable law; (e) an order for specific performance by Comdata of its obligations to us under our Merchant Agreement; (f) injunctive relief; (g) an order holding FleetCor jointly and severally liable and subject to all remedies we may be granted; and (h) damages, including statutory treble damages, attorney fees and costs, and further relief as the Court deems appropriate.
At a hearing held on December 14, 2016, the Court denied our request for preliminary injunctive relief subject to Comdata's agreement to continue providing services under the Merchant Agreement pending a final ruling from the Court. On December 21, 2016, Comdata filed a counterclaim alleging that we defaulted under the RFID Agreement and that this alleged default allows Comdata to terminate both the RFID Agreement and the Merchant Agreement. In addition, beginning February 1, 2017, Comdata unilaterally began to withhold increased fees from the transaction settlement payments due to us and during the two months ended March 31, 2017, these fees totaled $1,813 in excess of the amounts payable under the terms of the Merchant Agreement. We continue to believe these increased fees, which are included in site level operating expenses in our statements of operations and comprehensive loss, will average approximately $1,000 per month in excess of the fees payable by us to Comdata under the terms of our Merchant Agreement. On December 27, 2016, we filed a motion for partial judgment on the pleadings, or the Motion, and briefing on the Motion concluded on February 17, 2017. At a hearing held on February 27, 2017, the Court denied the Motion, finding that the requested relief depended upon disputed facts to be determined at trial. A trial testimony began on April 3, 2017, and concluded on April 7, 2017. Post-trial briefing is scheduled to conclude on May 22, 2017, and oral argument is currently scheduled for June 16, 2017. The Court is expected to enter a judgment sometime thereafter. We believe that Comdata has wrongfully terminated our Merchant Agreement as a result of an alleged default under the RFID Agreement; and, in any event, we do not believe that we are in default of either the Merchant Agreement or the RFID Agreement. We believe that the claims against us are without merit. During the three months ended March 31, 2017, we recognized litigation expenses related to this matter of $6,372, which is included in selling, general and administrative expenses in our statements of operations and comprehensive loss.

11.
Inventory
Inventory consisted of the following:
 
March 31,
2017
 
December 31,
2016
Nonfuel products
$
164,247

 
$
167,813

Fuel products
33,702

 
36,332

Total inventory
$
197,949

 
$
204,145



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TravelCenters of America LLC
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)

12.
Segment Information
Reportable segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or decision making group, in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. Our separately reportable segments are travel centers and convenience stores. We measure our reportable segments profitability based on site level gross margin in excess of site level operating expenses. See Note 1 above and Note 15 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 15 of our Annual Report for more information about our reportable segments.
 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2017
 
Travel
Centers
 
Convenience
Stores
 
Corporate
and Other
 
Consolidated
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fuel
$
814,141

 
$
103,706

 
$
17,449

 
$
935,296

Nonfuel
381,412

 
60,702

 
9,260

 
451,374

Rent and royalties from franchisees
3,029

 
54

 
1,013

 
4,096

Total revenues
1,198,582

 
164,462

 
27,722

 
1,390,766

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Site level gross margin in excess of
   site level operating expenses
$
91,563

 
$
5,363

 
$
2,215

 
$
99,141

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selling, general and administrative
 
 
 
 
$
40,812

 
$
40,812

Real estate rent
 
 
 
 
67,999

 
67,999

Depreciation and amortization
 
 
 
 
31,800

 
31,800

Loss from operations
 
 
 
 
 
 
(41,470
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquisition costs
 
 
 
 
140

 
140

Interest expense, net
 
 
 
 
7,384

 
7,384

Income from equity investees
 
 
 
 
278

 
278

Loss before income taxes
 
 
 
 
 
 
(48,716
)
Benefit for income taxes
 
 
 
 
19,315

 
19,315

Net loss
 
 
 
 
 
 
(29,401
)
Less: net income for noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
23

Net loss attributable to
   common shareholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
(29,424
)

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TravelCenters of America LLC
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
(in thousands, except per share amounts)

 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2016
 
Travel
Centers
 
Convenience
Stores
 
Corporate
and Other
 
Consolidated
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fuel
$
622,580

 
$
72,631

 
$
14,317

 
$
709,528

Nonfuel
381,183

 
54,123

 
712

 
436,018

Rent and royalties from franchisees
4,142

 
134

 
—

 
4,276

Total revenues
1,007,905

 
126,888

 
15,029

 
1,149,822

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Site level gross margin in excess of
   site level operating expenses
$
101,031

 
$
4,371

 
$
840

 
$
106,242

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate operating expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Selling, general and administrative
 
 
 
 
$
30,966

 
$
30,966

Real estate rent
 
 
 
 
63,529

 
63,529

Depreciation and amortization
 
 
 
 
20,525

 
20,525

Loss from operations
 
 
 
 
 
 
(8,778
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquisition costs
 
 
 
 
969

 
969

Interest expense, net
 
 
 
 
6,821

 
6,821

Income from equity investees
 
 
 
 
947

 
947

Loss before income taxes
 
 
 
 
 
 
(15,621
)
Benefit for income taxes
 
 
 
 
5,677

 
5,677

Net loss
 
 
 
 
 
 
(9,944
)
Less: net income for noncontrolling interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
—

Net loss attributable to
   common shareholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
(9,944
)


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Item 2.  Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, or this Quarterly Report, and with our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, or our Annual Report. Amounts are in thousands of dollars or gallons unless indicated otherwise. Unless the context indicates otherwise, references to our convenience stores and restaurants refer to our standalone convenience stores and restaurants and not the convenience stores and restaurants located at our travel centers or restaurants at our convenience stores.

Company Overview
As of March 31, 2017, we operated and franchised 256 travel center, 233 standalone convenience store and 52 standalone restaurant locations. Our customers include trucking fleets and their drivers, independent truck drivers, highway and local motorists and casual diners. We also collect rents, royalties and other fees from our tenants and franchisees. See Note 1 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report for more information about our travel center, convenience store and standalone restaurant locations.
We manage our business on the basis of two separately reportable segments, travel centers and convenience stores. See Note 12 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report for more information about our reportable segments.

Executive Summary
Our revenues and income are subject to material changes as a result of market prices and the availability of diesel fuel and gasoline. These factors are subject to the worldwide petroleum products supply chain, which historically has experienced price and supply volatility as a result of, among other things, severe weather, terrorism, political crises, military actions and variations in demand that are often the result of changes in the macroeconomic environment. Also, concerted efforts by major oil producing countries and cartels to limit oil supply may impact prices.  
Over the past few years there have been significant changes in the cost of fuel. Fuel prices were relatively stable throughout the three months ended March 31, 2017, and the average fuel price was 50.4% above the average fuel price during the three months ended March 31, 2016. Some current economic forecasts reflect moderate price increases for fuel and an expectation of economic growth and inflation in the U.S. and elsewhere, which may impact demand for fuel and fuel prices. As noted above, various factors and events can cause fuel prices to change, sometimes suddenly and sharply.
Due to the volatility of our fuel costs and our methods of pricing to fuel customers, we believe that fuel revenue is not a reliable metric for analyzing our results of operations from period to period. As a result solely of changes in fuel prices, our fuel revenue may materially increase or decrease, in both absolute amounts and on a percentage basis, without a comparable change in fuel sales volumes or in fuel gross margin. We therefore consider fuel sales volume and fuel gross margin to be better measures of our performance.
We generally are able to pass changes in our cost for fuel products to customers, but typically with a delay, such that during periods of rising fuel commodity prices fuel gross margins per gallon tend to be lower than they otherwise may have been and during periods of falling fuel commodity prices fuel gross margins per gallon tend to be higher than they otherwise may have been. Increases and volatility in the prices we pay for fuel can have negative effects on our sales and profitability and increase our working capital requirements. For more information about fuel market risks that may affect us and our actions to mitigate those risks, see Item 7A, "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" in our Annual Report.
We believe that demand for diesel fuel by trucking companies for any given level of trucking activity will be reduced over time by technological innovations that permit, and regulations that encourage or require, improved fuel efficiency of motor vehicle engines, and other fuel conservation practices. We believe these factors, combined with lower levels of trucking freight activity and competitive pricing pressures were contributors to decreases in the level of fuel sales volumes and fuel gross margin we realized on a same site basis for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. Although fuel sales volume declined on a same site basis, the decrease was partially offset by an increase as a result of acquired locations and development properties opened in 2016 and 2017.

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Our fuel gross margin and fuel gross margin per gallon were lower in the three months ended March 31, 2017, than in the three months ended March 31, 2016, primarily due to the impact of lower demand in the first quarter 2017, reactive pricing strategies by our competitors and our reaction thereto.
The net loss attributable to common shareholders we experienced for the three months ended March 31, 2017, was $29,424, as compared to $9,944 during the three months ended March 31, 2016. The change in net loss attributable to common shareholders was primarily due to a decrease in fuel gross margin and increases in expenses related to financing and managing recently acquired and developed locations (real estate rent and selling, general and administrative expenses). In the three months ended March 31, 2017, litigation costs and increased transaction fees related to our dispute with FleetCor Technologies, Inc., or FleetCor, and its subsidiary Comdata Inc., or Comdata, as well as our decision to abandon certain assets also contributed to the increase in net loss attributable to common shareholders.
As described under the heading "Other Disputes" in Note 10 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report, FleetCor/Comdata has purported to terminate its merchant agreement with us and, beginning February 1, 2017, unilaterally increased the fees it withholds from the transaction settlement payments due to us. We believe that FleetCor/Comdata has wrongfully terminated our agreement and raised the fees we pay FleetCor/Comdata, and we are pursuing litigation against FleetCor/Comdata. However, if we do not prevail in our pending litigation against FleetCor/Comdata, we may not be able to recover the increased fees FleetCor/Comdata charges us through higher prices to customers, and our operating expenses may increase.

Factors Affecting Comparability
Transaction Agreement with HPT
On June 1, 2015, we entered a transaction agreement with Hospitality Properties Trust, or HPT, which we and HPT amended on June 22, 2016. We refer to this amended transaction agreement as the Transaction Agreement. Under the Transaction Agreement, among other things, we agreed to sell to HPT 16 existing travel centers we owned and certain assets at 11 properties currently leased from HPT, plus four additional travel centers upon the completion of their development, and HPT agreed to lease back these properties and assets to us under the HPT Leases. We also agreed to purchase from HPT five travel centers we previously leased from HPT.
On May 3, 2017, we sold the fourth and final development property to HPT for $27,602, and our minimum annual rent due to HPT increased by $2,346.
See Notes 7 and 9 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report and Notes 7 and 12 to the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 15 of our Annual Report for more information about our Transaction Agreement with HPT.
Acquired and Developed Sites
Since the beginning of 2011, when we began our growth and acquisition program, to March 31, 2017, we have invested $861,859 to develop, purchase and improve travel centers, convenience stores and standalone restaurants. For the 12 months ended March 31, 2017, these investments produced site level gross margin in excess of site level operating expenses of $102,456, and, on a sequential basis, $2,499, or 2.5%, greater than site level gross margin in excess of site level operating expenses for the 12 months ended December 31, 2016. This change is attributable to the net effect of an increase in fuel gross margin ($596), an increase in nonfuel gross margin ($10,307) and an increase in site level operating expenses ($9,394). Excluded from the results above is a development property that was completed in late March 2017.
We believe that our investments require a period after they are developed or acquired and upgrades are completed to reach expected stabilized financial results, generally three years for travel centers and one year for convenience stores.

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We acquired 36 travel centers during the 2011 to March 31, 2017, period which are included in the "Travel Centers Segment Same Site Operating Data" for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. As of March 31, 2017, we have invested $312,278 (including the cost of improvements) in these 36 locations, and they generated $52,791 of site level gross margin in excess of site level operating expenses during the 12 months ended March 31, 2017, and, on a sequential basis, $1,480, or 2.7%, less than site level gross margin in excess of site level operating expenses for the 12 months ended December 31, 2016. This change is attributable to the net effect of a decline in fuel gross margin ($1,411), an increase in nonfuel gross margin ($118) and an increase in site level operating expenses ($187). Three locations were developed by us for a total investment of $64,940, and they generated $5,001 of site level gross margin in excess of site level operating expenses during the 12 months ended March 31, 2017; we have operated these locations on average for less than a full year (one opened in each of January, March and May 2016). In late March 2017, we completed the development of an additional travel center.
We acquired 228 convenience stores during the 2013 to March 31, 2017, period. Of these stores, 199 are included in the "Convenience Store Segment Same Site Operating Data" for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016. As of March 31, 2017, we have invested $394,349 (including the cost of improvements) in these 199 locations, and they generated $33,382 of site level gross margin in excess of site level operating expenses during the 12 months ended March 31, 2017, and, on a sequential basis, $535, or 1.6%, greater than site level gross margin in excess of site level operating expenses for the 12 months ended December 31, 2016. This change is attributable to the net effect of an increase in fuel gross margin ($475), an increase in nonfuel gross margin ($667) and an increase in site level operating expenses ($607). The remaining 29 locations were acquired by us in 2016 for a total investment of $48,996 (including the cost of improvements), and these convenience stores generated $2,425 of site level gross margin in excess of site level operating expenses during the 12 months ended March 31, 2017. Some of the 29 convenience stores we acquired during 2016 were fully or partially out of service while being renovated during the 12 months ended March 31, 2017.
We acquired one standalone restaurant during 2015, 50 during 2016 (40 of which were operated by franchisees) and six of those 50 from one of our franchisees in 2017. As of March 31, 2017, we have invested $41,296 (including the cost of improvements) in these 51 locations, and they generated $8,857 of site level gross margin in excess of site level operating expenses during the 12 months ended March 31, 2017, and, on a sequential basis, $1,542, or 21.1%, greater than site level gross margin in excess of site level operating expenses for the 12 months ended December 31, 2016.
As of March 31, 2017, we had an agreement to acquire one travel center from one of our franchisees for a purchase price of $13,050. We expect to complete this acquisition during the third quarter of 2017, but this purchase is subject to conditions that may not occur, may be delayed or the terms may change. We currently intend to continue to selectively acquire additional locations and to otherwise expand our business.

Seasonality
Our sales volumes are generally lower in the first and fourth quarters than the second and third quarters of each year. In the first quarter, the movement of freight by professional truck drivers as well as motorist travel are usually at their lowest levels of each calendar year. In the fourth quarter, freight movement is typically lower due to the holiday season. While our revenues are modestly seasonal, quarterly variations in our operating results may reflect greater seasonal differences as our rent expense and certain other costs do not vary seasonally.


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Results of Operations
Consolidated Financial Results    
The following table presents changes in our operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016.
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Revenues:
 

 
 

 
 

Fuel
$
935,296

 
$
709,528

 
31.8
 %
Nonfuel
451,374

 
436,018

 
3.5
 %
Rent and royalties from franchisees
4,096

 
4,276

 
(4.2
)%
Total revenues
1,390,766

 
1,149,822

 
21.0
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
Gross margin:
 
 
 
 
 
Fuel
85,585

 
91,701

 
(6.7
)%
Nonfuel
255,375

 
244,315

 
4.5
 %
Rent and royalties from franchisees
4,096

 
4,276

 
(4.2
)%
Total gross margin
345,056

 
340,292

 
1.4
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating expenses:
 

 
 

 
 
Site level operating
245,915

 
234,050

 
5.1
 %
Selling, general and administrative
40,812

 
30,966

 
31.8
 %
Real estate rent
67,999

 
63,529

 
7.0
 %
Depreciation and amortization
31,800

 
20,525

 
54.9
 %
Total operating expenses
386,526

 
349,070

 
10.7
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
Loss from operations
(41,470
)
 
(8,778
)
 
372.4
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
Acquisition costs
140

 
969

 
(85.6
)%
Interest expense, net
7,384

 
6,821

 
8.3
 %
Income from equity investees
278

 
947

 
(70.6
)%
Loss before income taxes
(48,716
)
 
(15,621
)
 
211.9
 %
Benefit for income taxes
19,315

 
5,677

 
240.2
 %
Net loss
(29,401
)
 
(9,944
)
 
195.7
 %
Less net income for noncontrolling interests
23

 
—

 
NM

Net loss attributable to common shareholders
$
(29,424
)
 
$
(9,944
)
 
195.9
 %
    
    

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Revenues. Fuel revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017, increased from the three months ended March 31, 2016, by $225,768, or 31.8%. The tables below show the changes in fuel sales volumes and revenues by segment. Corporate and other fuel gallons sold and fuel revenues represent wholesale sales to the joint venture we operate and to other retailers.
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
Fuel Gallons Sold
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Travel centers
 
447,690

 
476,648

 
(6.1
)%
Convenience stores
 
57,319

 
54,242

 
5.7
 %
Corporate and other
 
9,147

 
10,114

 
(9.6
)%
  Consolidated totals
 
514,156

 
541,004

 
(5.0
)%
 
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
Fuel Revenues
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Travel centers
 
$
814,141

 
$
622,580

 
30.8
%
Convenience stores
 
103,706

 
72,631

 
42.8
%
Corporate and other
 
17,449

 
14,317

 
21.9
%
  Consolidated totals
 
$
935,296

 
$
709,528

 
31.8
%
The increase in fuel revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, was primarily due to increases in market prices for fuel and also reflected an increase in fuel sales volume in our convenience store segment, partially offset by a decrease in fuel sales volume in our travel center segment.
Nonfuel revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017, increased by $15,356, or 3.5%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, primarily as a result of newly acquired locations, in particular our acquisition of Quaker Steak & Lube, or QSL, in April 2016.
Fuel gross margin. Fuel gross margin for the three months ended March 31, 2017, decreased by $6,116, or 6.7%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, and fuel gross margin per gallon decreased by $0.004, or 2.4%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, which decreases were primarily due to the impact of lower demand in the first quarter 2017 and reactive pricing strategies by our competitors and our reaction thereto.
Nonfuel gross margin. Nonfuel gross margin for the three months ended March 31, 2017, increased by $11,060, or 4.5%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, due primarily to newly acquired and developed locations, in particular our acquisition of QSL in April 2016, and our pricing and marketing initiatives. Nonfuel gross margin as a percentage of nonfuel revenues was 56.6% and 56.0% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. Nonfuel gross margin percentage for the three months ended March 31, 2017, increased compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, primarily due to the positive impact of our purchasing and pricing strategies and marketing initiatives.
Site level operating expenses. Site level operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2017, increased by $11,865, or 5.1%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. Site level operating expenses as a percentage of nonfuel revenue were 54.5% and 53.7% for the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These increases were due primarily to newly acquired locations and the $1,813 of disputed transaction fees withheld by FleetCor/Comdata. See Note 10 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report for more information about our legal proceedings with FleetCor/Comdata.
Selling, general and administrative expenses. Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2017, increased by $9,846, or 31.8%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in selling, general and administrative expenses was primarily attributable to litigation costs of $6,372 related to our dispute with FleetCor/Comdata. See Note 10 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report for more information about our legal proceedings with FleetCor/Comdata.
Real estate rent expense. Real estate rent expense for the three months ended March 31, 2017, increased by $4,470, or 7.0%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in real estate rent expense was primarily a result of our sale to, and lease back from, HPT of five travel centers and improvements at leased sites since the beginning of 2016.

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Depreciation and amortization expense. Depreciation and amortization expense for the three months ended March 31, 2017, increased by $11,275, or 54.9%, from the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in depreciation and amortization expense primarily resulted from the write offs of certain assets, the locations we acquired and other capital investments we completed (and did not subsequently sell to HPT) since the beginning of 2016. The increase was partially offset by the reduction in our depreciable assets as a result of the sale to, and lease back from, HPT of two travel centers in 2016.
Benefit for income taxes. We have historically calculated the provision for income taxes during interim reporting periods by applying an estimated annual effective tax rate for the full fiscal year to net income (loss) before income taxes for the reporting period. Since we determined that relatively small changes in estimated annual income (loss) before income taxes could result in significant changes in the estimated annual effective tax rate, we have calculated our income tax provision using a discrete rate based on the actual loss before income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2017. We will use a discrete rate for the remainder of 2017. See Note 5 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report for more information about our benefit for income taxes.

Segment Results of Operations
The following is a discussion of fuel and nonfuel revenue and site level gross margin in excess of site level operating expenses by reportable segment.
As part of this discussion and analysis of our reportable segment operating results we refer to increases and decreases in results on a same site basis. We include a location in the same site comparisons only if we continuously operated it for the entire duration since the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented, with the exception of locations we operate that are owned by an unconsolidated joint venture in which we own a noncontrolling interest, which we do not include. Same site data also excludes revenues and expenses at locations not operated by us, such as rent and royalties from franchisees, revenues from the dealer operated convenience store and corporate level selling, general and administrative expenses. We do not exclude locations from the same site comparisons as a result of capital improvements to the site or changes in the services offered.


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Travel Centers
The following table presents changes in the operating results of our travel center segment for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016.
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Number of company operated travel center locations at end of period
226

 
225

 
1

Number of franchise operated travel center locations at end of period
30

 
30

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
Fuel:
 
 
 
 
 
Fuel sales volume (gallons)
447,690

 
476,648

 
(6.1)
 %
Fuel revenues
$
814,141

 
$
622,580

 
30.8
 %
Fuel gross margin
74,254

 
81,800

 
(9.2)
 %
Fuel gross margin per gallon
$
0.166

 
$
0.172

 
(3.5)
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonfuel:
 
 
 
 
 
Nonfuel revenues
$
381,412

 
$
381,183

 
0.1
 %
Nonfuel gross margin
228,211

 
224,983

 
1.4
 %
Nonfuel gross margin percentage
59.8
%
 
59.0
%
 
80
pts
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenues
$
1,198,582

 
$
1,007,905

 
18.9
 %
Total gross margin
305,494

 
310,925

 
(1.7)
 %
Site level operating expenses
213,931

 
209,894

 
1.9
 %
Site level operating expenses as a percentage of nonfuel revenues
56.1
%
 
55.1
%
 
100
pts
Site level gross margin in excess of site level operating expenses
$
91,563

 
$
101,031

 
(9.4)
 %

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The following table presents our same site operating results for our travel center segment for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016.
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Number of same site company operated travel center locations
220

 
220

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
Fuel:
 
 
 
 
 
Fuel sales volume (gallons)
442,160

 
475,169

 
(6.9)
 %
Fuel revenues
$
804,609

 
$
620,507

 
29.7
 %
Fuel gross margin
73,274

 
81,471

 
(10.1)
 %
Fuel gross margin per gallon
$
0.166

 
$
0.171

 
(2.9)
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonfuel:
 
 
 
 
 
Nonfuel revenues
$
374,941

 
$
379,428

 
(1.2)
 %
Nonfuel gross margin
224,328

 
223,937

 
0.2
 %
Nonfuel gross margin percentage
59.8
%
 
59.0
%
 
80
pts
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total gross margin
$
297,602

 
$
305,408

 
(2.6)
 %
Site level operating expenses
208,643

 
207,945

 
0.3
 %
Site level operating expenses as a percentage of nonfuel revenues
55.6
%
 
54.8
%
 
80
pts
Site level gross margin in excess of site level operating expenses
$
88,959

 
$
97,463

 
(8.7)
 %
Revenues. Fuel revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017, increased by $191,561, or 30.8%, from the three months ended March 31, 2016. The table below shows the factors driving changes in total fuel sales volume and revenues of our travel center segment between periods.
 
Gallons Sold
 
Fuel Revenues
Results for the three months ended March 31, 2016
476,648

 
$
622,580

 
 
 
 
Increase due to petroleum products price changes
 
 
243,667

Decrease due to same site volume changes
(33,009
)
 
(60,017
)
Increase due to locations opened
4,051

 
7,911

Net change from prior year period
(28,958
)
 
191,561

 
 
 
 
Results for the three months ended March 31, 2017
447,690

 
$
814,141

Fuel revenues primarily reflected increases in market prices for fuel partially offset by a decrease in sales volume on a same site basis. On a same site basis, fuel sales volume decreased by 33,009 gallons, or 6.9%, during the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. The decrease in same site fuel sales volume during the 2017 first quarter resulted from comparatively weak consumer demand for gasoline, a decline in diesel demand because of a slow down in trucking freight business and continued fuel efficiency gains, especially by our commercial diesel fuel customers.
Nonfuel revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017, were flat as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. Nonfuel revenues increased as a result of recently opened locations, but this increase was offset by decreases in nonfuel revenues on a same site basis. The decrease on a same site basis was primarily due to increased competition, the planned closure and remodeling of certain restaurants and generally decreased sale prices for our new commercial tire initiative designed to increase volume and eventually improve profits.

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Site level gross margin in excess of site level operating expenses. Site level gross margin in excess of site level operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2017, decreased by $9,468, or 9.4%, from the three months ended March 31, 2016, primarily due to a $7,546 decline in fuel gross margin and the $1,813 disputed transaction fees withheld by FleetCor/Comdata.
On a same site basis, site level gross margin in excess of site level operating expenses decreased for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, resulting from decreases in fuel gross margin due to the impact of lower demand on the first quarter 2017, reactive pricing strategies of our competitors and our reaction thereto, as well as the increase in site level operating expenses primarily due to the disputed increased FleetCor/Comdata transaction fees. Excluding the disputed increased FleetCor/Comdata transaction fees, site level operating expenses decreased by $1,115, or 0.5%.

Convenience Stores
The following table presents changes in the operating results of our convenience store segment for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared with the three months ended March 31, 2016.
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Number of company operated convenience store locations
   at end of period
232

 
227

 
5

Number of dealer operated convenience store locations at
   end of period
1

 
1

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
Fuel:
 
 
 
 
 
Fuel sales volume (gallons)
57,319

 
54,242

 
5.7
%
Fuel revenues
$
103,706

 
$
72,631

 
42.8
%
Fuel gross margin
11,245

 
9,789

 
14.9
%
Fuel gross margin per gallon
$
0.196

 
$
0.180

 
8.9
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonfuel:
 
 
 
 
 
Nonfuel revenues
$
60,702

 
$
54,123

 
12.2
%
Nonfuel gross margin
21,115

 
18,777

 
12.5
%
Nonfuel gross margin percentage
34.8
%
 
34.7
%
 
10
pts
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenues
$
164,462

 
$
126,888

 
29.6
%
Total gross margin
32,414

 
28,700

 
12.9
%
Site level operating expenses
27,051

 
24,329

 
11.2
%
Site level operating expenses as a percentage of nonfuel revenues
44.6
%
 
45.0
%
 
(40
)pts
Site level gross margin in excess of site level operating expenses
$
5,363

 
$
4,371

 
22.7
%

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The following table presents our same site operating results for our convenience store segment for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared with the three months ended March 31, 2016.
 
Three Months Ended
March 31,
 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
Change
Number of same site company operated convenience store locations
200

 
200

 
—

 
 
 
 
 
 
Fuel:
 
 
 
 
 
Fuel sales volume (gallons)
51,138

 
52,776

 
(3.1)
 %
Fuel revenues
$
92,543

 
$
70,664

 
31.0
 %
Fuel gross margin
10,109

 
9,584

 
5.5
 %
Fuel gross margin per gallon
$
0.198

 
$
0.182

 
8.8
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
Nonfuel:
 
 
 
 
 
Nonfuel revenues
$
53,725

 
$
52,773

 
1.8
 %
Nonfuel gross margin
19,058

 
18,343

 
3.9
 %
Nonfuel gross margin percentage
35.5
%
 
34.8
%
 
70
pts
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total gross margin
$
29,167

 
$
27,927

 
4.4
 %
Site level operating expenses
24,166

 
23,541

 
2.7
 %
Site level operating expenses as a percentage of nonfuel revenues
45.0
%
 
44.6
%
 
40
pts
Site level gross margin in excess of site level operating expenses
$
5,001

 
$
4,386

 
14.0
 %

Revenues. Fuel revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017, increased by $31,075, or 42.8%, from the three months ended March 31, 2016. The table below shows the factors driving changes in total fuel sales volume and revenues of our convenience store segment between periods.
 
Gallons Sold
 
Fuel Revenues
Results for the three months ended March 31, 2016
54,242

 
$
72,631

 
 
 
 
Increase due to petroleum products price changes
 
 
24,773

Decrease due to same site volume changes
(1,638
)
 
(2,895
)
Increase due to locations opened
4,923

 
9,461

Decrease due to locations closed
(208
)
 
(264
)
Net change from prior year period
3,077

 
31,075

 
 
 
 
Results for the three months ended March 31, 2017
57,319

 
$
103,706

The increase in fuel revenues in our convenience store segment was due to increases in market prices for fuel and increases in sales volume at recently acquired locations, partially offset by a decrease in fuel sales volume on a same site basis. On a same site basis, fuel sales volume decreased by 1,638 gallons, or 3.1%, for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016. The decrease in same site fuel sales volume was primarily due to the impact of lower demand in the first quarter 2017, and reactive pricing strategies of our competitors and our reaction thereto.
Nonfuel revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2017, increased by $6,579, or 12.2%, from the three months ended March 31, 2016. The increase in nonfuel revenues is primarily the result of acquired locations. On a same site basis, nonfuel revenues increased modestly, despite the decline in fuel sales volume, as operations at newer sites continued to stabilize.

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Site level gross margin in excess of site level operating expenses. Site level gross margin in excess of site level operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2017, increased by $992, or 22.7%, from the three months ended March 31, 2016, due to improvements at same sites and acquired locations.
On a same site basis, site level gross margin in excess of site level operating expenses increased for the three months ended March 31, 2017, as compared to the three months ended March 31, 2016, due to increases in fuel and nonfuel gross margin as operations at newer sites continue to improve, despite soft market conditions, partially offset by an increase in site level operating expenses.

Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal liquidity requirements are to meet our operating and financing costs and to fund our capital expenditures, acquisitions and working capital requirements. Our principal sources of liquidity to meet these requirements are our:
•
cash balance;
•
our revolving credit facility with a current maximum availability of $200,000, or our Credit Facility, subject to limits based on our qualified collateral;
•
sales to HPT of improvements we make to the sites we lease from HPT;
•
potential issuances of new debt and equity securities; and
•
potential financing or selling of unencumbered real estate that we own.
We believe that the primary risks we currently face with respect to our operating cash flow are:
•
continuing decreased demand for our fuel products resulting from regulatory and market efforts for improved engine fuel efficiency and fuel conservation generally;
•
the risk of continued litigation costs associated with our litigation against FleetCor/Comdata, and/or continuation of their additional fees;
•
decreased demand for our products and services that we may experience as a result of competition;
•
a significant portion of our expenses are fixed in nature, which may restrict our ability to realize a sufficient reduction in our expenses to offset a reduction in our revenues;
•
the possible inability of recently acquired or developed properties to generate the stabilized financial results we expect; and
•
the risk of an economic slowdown or recession in the U.S. economy generally.
Our business requires substantial amounts of working capital, including cash liquidity, and our working capital requirements can be especially large because of the volatility of fuel prices. Our growth strategy of selectively acquiring additional properties and businesses and developing new sites requires us to expend substantial capital. In addition, our properties are high traffic sites with many customers and large trucks entering and exiting our properties daily, requiring us to expend capital to maintain, repair and improve our properties. There can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain sufficient amounts of cash, that we will generate future profits or positive cash flows or that we will be able to obtain additional financing, if and when it becomes necessary.
Liquidity Aspects of Transactions with HPT
Pursuant to the Transaction Agreement, HPT agreed to purchase from us, for our cost, four travel centers then being or to be developed, on land parcels we then owned, upon their completion, if such development were completed prior to June 30, 2017. On each of March 31, 2016, June 30, 2016, September 30, 2016, and May 3, 2017, we sold to HPT for $19,683, $22,297, $16,557, and $27,602, respectively, and leased back from HPT, one of the completed travel centers. Also, on June 22, 2016, pursuant to the Transaction Agreement, we agreed to sell to and lease back from HPT two existing travel centers owned by us for an aggregate of $23,876.

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Revolving Credit Facility
We have a Credit Facility with a group of commercial banks that matures on December 19, 2019. Under the Credit Facility, a maximum of $200,000 may be drawn, repaid and redrawn until maturity. The availability of this maximum amount is subject to limits based on qualified collateral. Subject to available collateral and lender participation, the maximum amount of this Credit Facility may be increased to $300,000. The Credit Facility may be used for general business purposes and allows for the issuance of letters of credit. Generally, no principal payments are due until maturity. The Credit Facility requires that interest be paid on outstanding borrowings at a rate based on, at our option, LIBOR or a base rate, plus a premium (which premium is subject to adjustment based upon facility availability, utilization and other matters). At March 31, 2017, based on our qualified collateral, a total of $112,041 was available to us for loans and letters of credit under the Credit Facility. At March 31, 2017, there were no loans outstanding under the Credit Facility but we had outstanding $23,128 of letters of credit issued under that facility, which reduces the amount available for borrowing under the Credit Facility, leaving $88,913 available for our use as of that date.
Sources and Uses of Cash
Cash Flow from Operating Activities. During the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, we had net cash outflows and inflows from operating activities of $10,743 (outflows) and $11,470 (inflows), respectively. The decrease in operating cash of $22,213 was primarily due to lower operating income.
Cash Flow from Investing Activities. During the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, we had net cash outflows from investing activities of $13,352 and $53,841, respectively. The decrease in cash outflows from investing activities resulted from lower capital expenditures due to renovations at recently acquired sites completed in 2016 and lower acquisition activity, partially offset by lower proceeds from asset sales to HPT. See Note 3 and Note 7 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report for more information about our acquisitions and transactions with HPT, respectively.
Cash Flow from Financing Activities. During the three months ended March 31, 2017 and 2016, we had net cash inflows and outflows from financing activities of $398 (inflows) and $142 (outflows), respectively.

Off Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of March 31, 2017, we had no off balance sheet arrangements that have had or are reasonably likely to have a current or future material effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources, other than with respect to debt owed by Petro Travel Plaza Holdings LLC, or PTP, an entity in which we own a noncontrolling interest. See Note 6 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report and Note 10 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 15 of our Annual Report for more information about our relationship and transactions with PTP.


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Related Party Transactions
We have relationships and historical and continuing transactions with HPT, The RMR Group LLC, or RMR, and others related to them. For example: HPT is our former parent company, our largest shareholder and our principal landlord; RMR provides management services to both us and to HPT and RMR employs certain of our and HPT's executive officers. We also have relationships and historical and continuing transactions with other companies to which RMR provides management services and which may have trustees, directors and officers who are also trustees, directors or officers of us or RMR, including Affiliates Insurance Company, or AIC, of which we, HPT and five other companies to which RMR provides management services each own 14.3% and which arranges and reinsures in part a combined property insurance program for us and its six other shareholders. For further information about these and other such relationships and related person transactions, see Notes 7, 8 and 9 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report, our Annual Report, our definitive Proxy Statement for our 2017 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. In addition, please see the section captioned "Risk Factors" of our Annual Report for a description of risks that may arise as a result of these and other related person transactions and relationships. Our filings with the SEC and copies of certain of our agreements with these related persons, including our business and property management agreement with RMR, our various agreements with HPT and our shareholders agreement with AIC and its six other shareholders are available as exhibits to our filings with the SEC and accessible at the SEC's website, www.sec.gov. We may engage in additional transactions with related persons, including HPT, RMR and businesses to which RMR or its affiliates provide management services.

Environmental and Climate Change Matters
Legislation and regulation regarding climate change, including greenhouse gas emissions, and other environmental matters and market reaction to any such legislation or regulation or to climate change concerns, may decrease the demand for our fuel products, may require us to expend significant amounts and may otherwise negatively impact our business. For instance, federal and state governmental requirements addressing emissions from trucks and other motor vehicles, such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's, or EPA's, gasoline and diesel sulfur control requirements that limit the concentration of sulfur in motor fuel, as well as new fuel efficiency standards for medium and heavy duty commercial trucks, has caused us to add certain services and provide certain products to our customers at a cost to us that we may be unable to pass through to our customers. Also, various private initiatives and government regulations to promote fuel efficiency that raise the cost of trucking as compared to other types of freight transport, may decrease the demand for our fuel products and negatively impact our business. For example, in August 2016 the EPA and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration established final regulations that will phase in more stringent greenhouse gas emission and fuel efficiency standards for medium and heavy duty trucks beginning in model year 2021 (model year 2018 for certain trailers) through model year 2027, and these regulations are estimated to reduce fuel usage between 9% and 25% (depending on vehicle category) by model year 2027. We may not be able to completely offset the loss of business we may suffer as a result of increasing engine efficiency and other fuel conservation efforts.
There have been some indications that the Trump Administration may seek to reduce fuel efficiency standards for trucks and other motor vehicles. However, it is unclear whether and, if so, the extent to which, this will occur or what the impact on our industry, us or our business would be as a result of any such changes.
Some observers believe severe weather activities in different parts of the country over the last few years evidence global climate change. Such severe weather that may result from climate change may have an adverse effect on individual properties we own, lease or operate. We mitigate these risks by owning, leasing and operating a diversified portfolio of properties, by procuring insurance coverage we believe adequately protects us from material damages and losses and by attempting to monitor and be prepared for such events. However, there can be no assurance that our mitigation efforts will be sufficient or that storms that may occur due to future climate change or otherwise could not have a material adverse effect on our business.
For further information about these and other environmental and climate change matters, and the related risks that may arise, see the disclosure under the heading "Environmental Contingencies" in Note 10 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report, which disclosure is incorporated herein by reference.


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Item 3.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
For quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk affecting us, see Item 7A, "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" in our Annual Report, filed with the SEC on February 28, 2017. Our exposure to market risks has not changed materially from those set forth in our Annual Report.

Item 4.  Controls and Procedures
As of the end of the period covered by this report, our management carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures pursuant to Rule 13a-15 and Rule 15d-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at March 31, 2017.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
During the quarter ended March 31, 2017, there were no changes to our internal controls over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal controls over financial reporting.


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WARNING CONCERNING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
THIS QUARTERLY REPORT CONTAINS STATEMENTS THAT CONSTITUTE FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995 AND OTHER SECURITIES LAWS. WHENEVER WE USE WORDS SUCH AS "BELIEVE," "EXPECT," "ANTICIPATE," "INTEND," "PLAN," "ESTIMATE," "WILL," "MAY" AND NEGATIVES AND DERIVATIVES OF THESE OR SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS, WE ARE MAKING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS. THESE FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS ARE BASED UPON OUR PRESENT INTENT, BELIEFS OR EXPECTATIONS, BUT FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS ARE NOT GUARANTEED TO OCCUR AND MAY NOT OCCUR. ACTUAL RESULTS MAY DIFFER MATERIALLY FROM THOSE CONTAINED IN OR IMPLIED BY OUR FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS AS A RESULT OF VARIOUS FACTORS. AMONG OTHERS, THE FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS THAT APPEAR IN THIS QUARTERLY REPORT THAT MAY NOT OCCUR INCLUDE STATEMENTS THAT:
•
OUR OPERATING RESULTS FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017, REFLECT INCREASES IN FUEL AND NONFUEL REVENUES AND NONFUEL GROSS MARGIN OVER THE SAME PERIOD LAST YEAR, WHICH MAY IMPLY THAT OUR FUEL AND NONFUEL REVENUES AND NONFUEL GROSS MARGIN WILL CONTINUE TO IMPROVE. HOWEVER, INCREASES IN FUEL REVENUES FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 2017, ARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO NEWLY ACQUIRED SITES. FUEL PRICES, CUSTOMER DEMAND AND COMPETITIVE CONDITIONS, AMONG OTHER FACTORS, MAY SIGNIFICANTLY IMPACT OUR FUEL AND NONFUEL REVENUES AND THE COSTS OF OUR NONFUEL PRODUCTS MAY INCREASE IN THE FUTURE BECAUSE OF INFLATION OR OTHER REASONS. IF FUEL PRICES OR FUEL OR NONFUEL SALES VOLUMES DECLINE, IF WE ARE NOT ABLE TO PASS INCREASED NONFUEL COSTS TO OUR CUSTOMERS, OR IF OUR NONFUEL SALES MIX CHANGES IN A MANNER THAT NEGATIVELY IMPACTS OUR NONFUEL GROSS MARGIN, OUR FUEL AND NONFUEL REVENUES AND OUR NONFUEL GROSS MARGIN MAY DECLINE;
•
WE EXPECT THAT LOCATIONS WE ACQUIRE WILL PRODUCE STABILIZED FINANCIAL RESULTS AFTER A PERIOD OF TIME FOLLOWING ACQUISITION. THIS STATEMENT MAY IMPLY THAT THE EXPECTED STABILIZATION OF OUR ACQUIRED SITES WILL GENERATE INCREASED NET INCOME. HOWEVER, MANY OF THE LOCATIONS WE HAVE ACQUIRED OR MAY ACQUIRE PRODUCED OPERATING RESULTS THAT CAUSED THE PRIOR OWNERS TO EXIT THESE BUSINESSES AND OUR ABILITY TO OPERATE THESE LOCATIONS PROFITABLY DEPENDS UPON MANY FACTORS, SOME OF WHICH ARE BEYOND OUR CONTROL. ACCORDINGLY, OUR ACQUIRED SITES MAY NOT GENERATE INCREASED NET INCOME OR IT MAY TAKE LONGER THAN WE EXPECT FOR OUR NET INCOME TO INCREASE;
•
WE HAVE MADE ACQUISITIONS, HAVE AGREED TO MAKE AN ADDITIONAL ACQUISITION AND EXPECT THAT IN THE FUTURE WE MAY MAKE ACQUISITIONS AND DEVELOP NEW TRAVEL CENTERS ON LAND WE OWN. THESE STATEMENTS MAY IMPLY THAT OUR PENDING AND CONTEMPLATED ACQUISITIONS AND OTHER FUTURE ACQUISITIONS AND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS WILL BE COMPLETED AND THAT THESE COMPLETED EVENTS WILL IMPROVE OUR FUTURE PROFITS. HOWEVER, OUR ACQUISITIONS ARE SUBJECT TO CLOSING CONDITIONS THAT MAY NOT BE MET AND AS A RESULT OUR PLANNED ACQUISITIONS MAY NOT BE COMPLETED OR MAY BE DELAYED OR THEIR TERMS MAY CHANGE. ALSO, THERE ARE MANY FACTORS THAT MAY RESULT IN OUR NOT BEING ABLE TO ACQUIRE, RENOVATE AND DEVELOP ADDITIONAL LOCATIONS THAT YIELD PROFITS, INCLUDING COMPETITION FOR SUCH ACQUISITIONS FROM OTHER BUYERS, OUR INABILITY TO NEGOTIATE ACCEPTABLE PURCHASE TERMS AND THE POSSIBILITY THAT WE MAY NEED TO USE OUR AVAILABLE FUNDS FOR OTHER PURPOSES. WE MAY DETERMINE TO DELAY OR NOT TO PROCEED WITH PENDING ACQUISITIONS OR DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS. MOREOVER, MANAGING AND INTEGRATING ACQUIRED AND DEVELOPED LOCATIONS CAN BE DIFFICULT, TIME CONSUMING AND/OR MORE EXPENSIVE THAN ANTICIPATED AND INVOLVE RISKS OF FINANCIAL LOSSES. WE MAY NOT OPERATE OUR ACQUIRED OR DEVELOPED LOCATIONS AS PROFITABLY AS WE NOW EXPECT;
•
WE CURRENTLY PLAN TO CONTINUE TO INVEST IN NEW AND EXISTING LOCATIONS. AN IMPLICATION OF THIS STATEMENT MAY BE THAT WE HAVE OR WILL HAVE SUFFICIENT CAPITAL TO MAKE THE INVESTMENTS WE HAVE IDENTIFIED AS WELL AS OTHER INVESTMENTS THAT WE HAVE NOT YET IDENTIFIED. HOWEVER, THERE CAN BE NO ASSURANCE THAT WE WILL HAVE SUFFICIENT CAPITAL FOR SUCH INVESTMENTS. THE AMOUNT AND TIMING OF CAPITAL EXPENDITURES ARE OFTEN DIFFICULT TO PREDICT. SOME CAPITAL PROJECTS COST MORE THAN ANTICIPATED AND THE PROCEEDS FROM OUR

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SALES OF IMPROVEMENTS TO HPT, IF ANY, MAY BE LESS THAN ANTICIPATED. CURRENTLY UNANTICIPATED PROJECTS THAT WE MAY BE REQUIRED TO UNDERTAKE IN THE FUTURE (AS A RESULT OF GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS OR REGULATION, ADVANCES OR CHANGES MADE BY OUR COMPETITION, DEMANDS OF OUR CUSTOMERS, OR FOR OTHER REASONS) MAY ARISE AND CAUSE US TO SPEND MORE THAN CURRENTLY ANTICIPATED. SOME CAPITAL PROJECTS TAKE MORE TIME TO COMPLETE THAN ANTICIPATED. AS A RESULT OF MARKET CONDITIONS OR OTHER CONSIDERATIONS, WE MAY DEFER CERTAIN CAPITAL PROJECTS AND ANY SUCH DEFERRALS MAY HARM OUR BUSINESS OR REQUIRE US TO MAKE LARGER CAPITAL EXPENDITURES IN THE FUTURE. ALSO, WE MAY BE UNABLE TO ACCESS REASONABLY PRICED CAPITAL TO MAKE SUCH INVESTMENTS IN THE FUTURE;
•
WE HAVE A CREDIT FACILITY WITH A CURRENT MAXIMUM AVAILABILITY OF $200.0 MILLION SUBJECT TO OUR HAVING QUALIFIED COLLATERAL, INCLUDING ELIGIBLE CASH, ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE AND INVENTORY THAT VARY IN AMOUNT FROM TIME TO TIME. ACCORDINGLY, OUR BORROWING AND LETTER OF CREDIT AVAILABILITY AT ANY TIME MAY BE LESS THAN $200.0 MILLION. AT MARCH 31, 2017, OUR BORROWING AND LETTER OF CREDIT AVAILABILITY WAS $112.0 MILLION, OF WHICH WE HAD USED $23.1 MILLION FOR OUTSTANDING LETTERS OF CREDIT. THE MAXIMUM AMOUNT AVAILABLE UNDER THE CREDIT FACILITY MAY BE INCREASED TO $300.0 MILLION, SUBJECT TO AVAILABLE COLLATERAL AND LENDER PARTICIPATION. HOWEVER, IF WE DO NOT HAVE SUFFICIENT COLLATERAL OR IF WE ARE UNABLE TO IDENTIFY LENDERS WILLING TO INCREASE THEIR COMMITMENTS OR JOIN OUR CREDIT FACILITY, WE MAY NOT BE ABLE TO INCREASE THE SIZE OF OUR CREDIT FACILITY OR THE AVAILABILITY OF BORROWINGS WHEN WE MAY NEED OR WANT TO DO SO;
•
WE MAY FINANCE OR SELL UNENCUMBERED REAL ESTATE THAT WE OWN. HOWEVER, WE DO NOT KNOW THE EXTENT TO WHICH WE COULD MONETIZE OUR EXISTING UNENCUMBERED REAL ESTATE OR WHAT THE TERMS OF ANY SUCH SALE OR FINANCING WOULD BE; AND
•
WE ARE CURRENTLY ENGAGED IN LITIGATION AGAINST FLEETCOR AND ITS SUBSIDIARY COMDATA. THIS QUARTERLY REPORT STATES THAT WE BELIEVE FLEETCOR AND COMDATA HAVE WRONGFULLY ATTEMPTED TO TERMINATE OUR AGREEMENTS WITH COMDATA, INCLUDING THE AGREEMENT FOR COMDATA TO PROCESS PAYMENTS THAT WE ACCEPT USING COMDATA ISSUED FUEL CARDS FOR CONTRACTUALLY AGREED FEES UNTIL 2022. DESPITE OUR BELIEF IN THE MERITS OF OUR POSITIONS IN THIS LITIGATION, WE MAY NOT PREVAIL IN THIS PENDING LITIGATION AND WE MAY NOT SUCCEED IN RECOVERING THE INCREASED FEES OF APPROXIMATELY $1 MILLION PER MONTH THAT COMDATA UNILATERALLY BEGAN CHARGING US ON FEBRUARY 1, 2017, ANY STATUTORY PENALTIES OR OUR LITIGATION COSTS. MOREOVER, THESE INCREASED FEES MAY CONTINUE IN THE FUTURE OR MAY BE INCREASED FURTHER. IF WE DO NOT PREVAIL IN THIS LITIGATION, WE WILL NO LONGER HAVE A MERCHANT AGREEMENT WITH COMDATA AND, IF WE DO NOT THEN ENTER A NEW MERCHANT AGREEMENT WITH COMDATA, WE MAY LOSE A MATERIAL AMOUNT OF FUTURE BUSINESS FROM OUR CUSTOMERS WHO USE COMDATA ISSUED FUEL CARDS. EVEN IF WE PREVAIL IN THIS LITIGATION, WE MAY NEED TO REACH A NEW AGREEMENT WITH FLEETCOR AND COMDATA REGARDING FEES BEFORE OUR MERCHANT AGREEMENT EXPIRES ACCORDING TO ITS PRESENT TERMS ON JANUARY 2, 2022. MOREOVER, THE CONTINUATION OF THIS LITIGATION IS DISTRACTING TO OUR MANAGEMENT AND IT IS EXPENSIVE, AND THIS DISTRACTION AND EXPENSE MAY CONTINUE BEYOND THE CURRENTLY SCHEDULED TRIAL BECAUSE OF DELAYS, APPEALS OR OTHERWISE.
THESE AND OTHER UNEXPECTED RESULTS MAY BE CAUSED BY VARIOUS FACTORS, SOME OF WHICH ARE BEYOND OUR CONTROL, INCLUDING:
•
THE TREND TOWARDS IMPROVED FUEL EFFICIENCY OF MOTOR VEHICLE ENGINES AND OTHER FUEL CONSERVATION AND ALTERNATIVE FUEL PRACTICES EMPLOYED BY OUR CUSTOMERS AND ALTERNATIVE FUEL TECHNOLOGIES THAT MAY BE DEVELOPED AND WIDELY ADOPTED IN THE FUTURE MAY CONTINUE TO REDUCE THE DEMAND FOR THE FUEL THAT WE SELL AND MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR BUSINESS;
•
COMPETITION WITHIN THE TRAVEL CENTER, CONVENIENCE STORE AND RESTAURANT INDUSTRIES MAY ADVERSELY IMPACT OUR FINANCIAL RESULTS;
•
FUTURE INCREASES IN FUEL PRICES MAY REDUCE THE DEMAND FOR THE PRODUCTS AND SERVICES THAT WE SELL BECAUSE HIGH FUEL PRICES MAY ENCOURAGE FUEL CONSERVATION, DIRECT FREIGHT

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BUSINESS AWAY FROM TRUCKING OR OTHERWISE ADVERSELY AFFECT THE BUSINESS OF OUR CUSTOMERS;
•
FUTURE COMMODITY FUEL PRICE INCREASES, FUEL PRICE VOLATILITY OR OTHER FACTORS MAY CAUSE US TO NEED MORE WORKING CAPITAL TO MAINTAIN OUR INVENTORY AND CARRY OUR ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE THAN WE NOW EXPECT AND THE GENERAL AVAILABILITY OF, DEMAND FOR AND PRICING CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTOR FUELS MAY CHANGE IN WAYS WHICH LOWER THE PROFITABILITY ASSOCIATED WITH SELLING MOTOR FUELS TO OUR CUSTOMERS;
•
OUR SUPPLIERS MAY BE UNWILLING OR UNABLE TO MAINTAIN THE CURRENT CREDIT TERMS FOR OUR PURCHASES. IF WE ARE UNABLE TO PURCHASE GOODS ON REASONABLE CREDIT TERMS, OUR REQUIRED WORKING CAPITAL MAY INCREASE AND WE MAY INCUR MATERIAL LOSSES. ALSO, IN TIMES OF RISING FUEL AND NONFUEL PRICES, OUR SUPPLIERS MAY BE UNWILLING OR UNABLE TO INCREASE THE CREDIT AMOUNTS THEY EXTEND TO US, WHICH MAY INCREASE OUR WORKING CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS. THE AVAILABILITY AND THE TERMS OF ANY CREDIT WE MAY BE ABLE TO OBTAIN ARE UNCERTAIN;
•
ACQUISITIONS OR PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT MAY SUBJECT US TO GREATER RISKS THAN OUR CONTINUING OPERATIONS, INCLUDING THE ASSUMPTION OF UNKNOWN LIABILITIES;
•
MOST OF OUR TRUCKING COMPANY CUSTOMERS TRANSACT BUSINESS WITH US BY USE OF FUEL CARDS, MOST OF WHICH ARE ISSUED BY THIRD PARTY FUEL CARD COMPANIES. FUEL CARD COMPANIES FACILITATE PAYMENTS TO US AND CHARGE US FEES FOR THESE SERVICES. THE FUEL CARD INDUSTRY HAS ONLY A FEW SIGNIFICANT PARTICIPANTS. WE BELIEVE ALMOST ALL TRUCKING COMPANIES USE ONLY ONE FUEL CARD PROVIDER AND HAVE BECOME INCREASINGLY DEPENDENT UPON SERVICES PROVIDED BY THEIR RESPECTIVE FUEL CARD PROVIDER TO MANAGE THEIR FLEETS. COMPETITION, OR LACK THEREOF, AMONG FUEL CARD COMPANIES MAY RESULT IN FUTURE INCREASES IN OUR TRANSACTION FEE EXPENSES OR WORKING CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS, OR BOTH;
•
FUEL SUPPLY DISRUPTIONS MAY OCCUR, WHICH MAY LIMIT OUR ABILITY TO OBTAIN FUEL;
•
COMPLIANCE WITH, AND CHANGES TO, FEDERAL, STATE AND LOCAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS, INCLUDING THOSE RELATED TO TAX, EMPLOYMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS, ACCOUNTING RULES AND FINANCIAL REPORTING STANDARDS, PAYMENT CARD INDUSTRY REQUIREMENTS AND SIMILAR MATTERS MAY INCREASE OUR OPERATING COSTS AND REDUCE OR ELIMINATE OUR PROFITS;
•
WE ARE ROUTINELY INVOLVED IN LITIGATION. DISCOVERY DURING LITIGATION AND COURT DECISIONS OFTEN HAVE UNANTICIPATED RESULTS. LITIGATION IS USUALLY EXPENSIVE AND CAN BE DISTRACTING TO MANAGEMENT. WE CANNOT BE SURE OF THE OUTCOME OF ANY OF THE LITIGATION MATTERS IN WHICH WE ARE OR MAY BECOME INVOLVED;
•
ACTS OF TERRORISM, GEOPOLITICAL RISKS, WARS, OUTBREAKS OF SO CALLED PANDEMICS OR OTHER MANMADE OR NATURAL DISASTERS BEYOND OUR CONTROL MAY ADVERSELY AFFECT OUR FINANCIAL RESULTS; AND
•
ALTHOUGH WE BELIEVE THAT WE BENEFIT FROM OUR RELATIONSHIPS WITH OUR RELATED PARTIES, INCLUDING HPT, RMR, AIC AND OTHERS AFFILIATED WITH THEM, ACTUAL AND POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST WITH RELATED PARTIES MAY PRESENT A CONTRARY APPEARANCE OR RESULT IN LITIGATION AND THE BENEFITS WE BELIEVE WE MAY REALIZE FROM THE RELATIONSHIPS MAY NOT MATERIALIZE.
RESULTS THAT DIFFER FROM THOSE STATED OR IMPLIED BY OUR FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS MAY ALSO BE CAUSED BY VARIOUS CHANGES IN OUR BUSINESS OR MARKET CONDITIONS AS DESCRIBED MORE FULLY IN OUR ANNUAL REPORT, INCLUDING UNDER "WARNING CONCERNING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS" AND ELSEWHERE IN THIS QUARTERLY REPORT AND IN THE "RISK FACTORS" SECTION OF OUR ANNUAL REPORT.
YOU SHOULD NOT PLACE UNDUE RELIANCE UPON FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS. EXCEPT AS REQUIRED BY LAW, WE UNDERTAKE NO OBLIGATION TO UPDATE OR REVISE ANY FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENT AS A RESULT OF NEW INFORMATION, FUTURE EVENTS OR OTHERWISE.

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Part II. Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The disclosure in Note 10 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A.  Risk Factors
There have been no material changes during the period covered by this Quarterly Report to the risk factors previously disclosed under the "Risk Factors" section of our Annual Report.

Item 6.  Exhibits
Exhibit 3.1
Certificate of Formation of TravelCenters of America LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to our Registration Statement on Form S-1 filed on December 12, 2006, File No. 333-139272)
 
 
Exhibit 3.2
Composite copy of Amended and Restated Limited Liability Company Agreement of TravelCenters of America LLC dated as of May 20, 2013, as amended to date (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2016, filed on November 8, 2016)
 
 
Exhibit 3.3
Amended and Restated Bylaws of TravelCenters of America LLC, as amended and restated on September 7, 2016 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, filed on February 28, 2017)
 
 
Exhibit 4.1
Form of share certificate (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009, filed on February 24, 2010)
 
 
Exhibit 4.2
Indenture by and between TravelCenters of America LLC and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, dated as of January 15, 2013 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 15, 2013)
 
 
Exhibit 4.3
First Supplemental Indenture by and between TravelCenters of America LLC and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, dated as of January 15, 2013 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 15, 2013)
 
 
Exhibit 4.4
Second Supplemental Indenture by and between TravelCenters of America LLC and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, dated as of December 16, 2014 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to our Registration Statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-33274) filed December 16, 2014)
 
 
Exhibit 4.5
Third Supplemental Indenture by and between TravelCenters of America LLC and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee, dated as of October 5, 2015 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to our Registration Statement on Form 8-A (File No. 001-33274) filed December 16, 2014)
 
 
Exhibit 4.6
Form of 8.25% Senior Notes due 2028 (included in Exhibit 4.3 above)
 
 
Exhibit 4.7
Form of 8.00% Senior Notes due 2029 (included in Exhibit 4.4 above)
 
 
Exhibit 4.8
Form of 8.00% Senior Notes due 2030 (included in Exhibit 4.5 above)
 
 
Exhibit 10.1
Development Property Agreement, dated May 3, 2017 between HPT TA Properties LLC and TA Operating LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 4, 2017)
 
 
Exhibit 10.2
Seventh Amendment to Amended and Restated Lease Agreement No. 4, dated May 3, 2017, among HPT TA Properties Trust, HPT TA Properties LLC and TA Operating LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 4, 2017)
 
 
Exhibit 12.1
Statement of Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges (filed herewith)
 
 
Exhibit 31.1
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer (filed herewith)
 
 
Exhibit 31.2
Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer (filed herewith)
 
 
Exhibit 32.1
Section 1350 Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer (furnished herewith)
 
 

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Exhibit 101.1
The following materials from TravelCenters of America LLC's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2017, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (iv) related notes to these financial statements, tagged as blocks of text (filed herewith)

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SIGNATURE 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
 
 
TRAVELCENTERS OF AMERICA LLC
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Andrew J. Rebholz
 
Date:
May 9, 2017
 
 
 
Name:
Andrew J. Rebholz
 
 
 
 
 
 
Title:
Executive Vice President,
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
(Principal Financial Officer)

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