UMH PROPERTIES, INC. - Quarter Report: 2023 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023

For the transition period from __________ to ___________

Commission File Number 001-12690

UMH PROPERTIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (732) 577-9997

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report.)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

UMH PROPERTIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2023

Table of Contents

UMH PROPERTIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND DECEMBER 31, 2022

(in thousands except per share amounts)

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

UMH PROPERTIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS – CONTINUED

AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND DECEMBER 31, 2022

(in thousands except per share amounts)

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

UMH PROPERTIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)

FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022

(in thousands except per share amounts)

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

UMH PROPERTIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022

(in thousands)

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

UMH PROPERTIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022

(in thousands)

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

UMH PROPERTIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022

(in thousands)

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

UMH PROPERTIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

FOR THE THREE AND NINE MONTHS ENDED

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022

(in thousands)

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

UMH PROPERTIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

FOR THE NINE MONTHS ENDED

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 AND 2022

(in thousands)

See Accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

UMH PROPERTIES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SEPTEMBER 30, 2023 (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND ACCOUNTING POLICIES

UMH Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation, and its subsidiaries (“we”, “our”, “us” or “the Company”) operates as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) deriving its income primarily from real estate rental operations. The Company owns and operates 135 manufactured home communities (including two communities acquired through its qualified opportunity zone fund, as further discussed in Note 6) containing approximately 25,800 developed homesites as of September 30, 2023. These communities are located in New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Indiana, Maryland, Michigan, Alabama, South Carolina and Georgia. As further discussed in Note 5, the Company also has an ownership interest in and operates two communities in Florida through its joint venture with Nuveen Real Estate. The Company, through its wholly-owned taxable subsidiary, UMH Sales and Finance, Inc. (“S&F”), sells and finances manufactured homes to residents and prospective residents in our communities. Inherent in the operations of manufactured home communities are site vacancies. S&F was established to fill these vacancies and enhance the value of the communities. The Company also holds a 77% percentage controlling interest in an opportunity zone fund which it created to acquire, develop and redevelop manufactured housing communities located in areas designated as Qualified Opportunity Zones by the U.S. Treasury Department to encourage long-term investment in economically distressed areas. The consolidated financial statements of the Company include S&F, all of its other wholly-owned subsidiaries and its qualified opportunity zone fund. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company has elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856-860 of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”) and intends to maintain its qualification as a REIT in the future. As a qualified REIT, with limited exceptions, the Company will not be taxed under federal and certain state income tax laws at the corporate level on taxable income that it distributes to its shareholders. For special tax provisions applicable to REITs, refer to Sections 856-860 of the Code. The Company is subject to franchise taxes in some of the states in which the Company owns property.

The interim consolidated financial statements furnished herein have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) applicable to interim financial information, the instructions to Form 10-Q, and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Use of Estimates

In preparing the consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, as well as contingent assets and liabilities as of the dates of the consolidated balance sheets and revenue and expenses for the years then ended. These estimates and assumptions include the allowance for doubtful accounts, valuation of inventory, depreciation, valuation of securities, accounting for land development, reserves and accruals, and stock compensation expense. Actual results could differ from these estimates and assumptions.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in the financial statements for the prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the statement presentation for the current periods.

Investment in Joint Venture

The Company accounts for its investment in its joint venture with Nuveen Real Estate under the equity method of accounting in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 323, Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures. The Company has the ability to exercise significant influence, but not control, over the operating and financial decisions of the joint venture. Under the equity method of accounting, the cost of an investment is adjusted for the Company’s share of the equity in net income or loss from the date of acquisition, reduced by distributions received and increased by contributions made. The income or loss is allocated in accordance with the provisions of the operating agreement. The carrying value of the investment in the joint venture is reviewed for other than temporary impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate a possible impairment. Financial condition, operational performance, and other economic trends are among the factors that are considered in evaluation of the existence of impairment indicators (See Note 5).

Leases

We account for our leases under ASC 842, “Leases.” Our primary source of revenue is generated from lease agreements for our sites and homes, where we are the lessor. These leases are generally for one-year or month-to-month terms and renewable by mutual agreement from us and the resident, or in some cases, as provided by jurisdictional statute.

We are the lessee in other arrangements, primarily for our corporate office and a ground lease at one community. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities of $3.4 million and $3.6 million, respectively, are included in prepaid expenses and other assets and accrued liabilities and deposits on the consolidated balance sheets.

Future minimum lease payments under these leases over the remaining lease terms are as follows (in thousands):

 SCHEDULE OF FUTURE MINIMUM LEASE PAYMENT

The weighted average remaining lease term for these leases is 161 years. The right of use assets and lease liabilities was calculated using an interest rate of 5%.

Restricted Cash

The Company’s restricted cash consists of amounts primarily held in deposit for tax, insurance and repair escrows held by lenders in accordance with certain debt agreements. Restricted cash is included in prepaid expenses and other assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

The following table presents beginning of period and end of period balances of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash for the periods shown (in thousands):

 SCHEDULE OF CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH

Revenue Recognition

We account for our Sales of Manufactured Homes in accordance with Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09 “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)” (ASC 606). For transactions in the scope of ASC 606, we recognize revenue when control of goods or services transfers to the customer, in the amount that we expect to receive for the transfer of goods or provision of services.

Rental and related income is generated from lease agreements for our sites and homes. The lease component of these agreements is accounted for under ASC 842 “Leases.” The non-lease components of our lease agreements consist primarily of utility reimbursements, which are accounted for with the site lease as a single lease under ASC 842.

Revenue from sales of manufactured homes is recognized in accordance with the core principle of ASC 606, at the time of closing when control of the home transfers to the customer. After closing of the sale transaction, we generally have no remaining performance obligation.

Interest income is primarily from notes receivables for the previous sales of manufactured homes. Interest income on these receivables is accrued based on the unpaid principal balances of the underlying loans on a level yield basis over the life of the loans.

Dividend income and gain (loss) on sales of marketable securities are from our investments in marketable securities and are presented separately but are not in the scope of ASC 606.

Other income primarily consists of brokerage commissions for arranging for the sale of a home by a third party and other miscellaneous income. This income is recognized when the transactions are completed and our performance obligations have been fulfilled.

Notes Receivables

We account for our receivables in accordance with ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.” ASU 2016-13 requires that entities use a forward looking “expected loss” model that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowance for credit losses. The measurement of expected credit losses is based upon historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amount. As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the Company had notes receivable of $74.1 million and $63.0 million, net of the fair value adjustment of $1.5 million and $1.3 million, respectively. Notes receivables are presented as a component of notes and other receivables, net on our consolidated balance sheets. These receivables represent balances owed to us for previously completed performance obligations for sales of manufactured homes.

Other Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Management does not believe that any other recently issued, but not yet effective accounting pronouncements, if adopted, would have a material effect on the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 2 – NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic Net Income (Loss) per Share is calculated by dividing Net Income (Loss) by the weighted average shares outstanding for the period. Diluted Net Income (Loss) per Share is calculated by dividing Net Income (Loss) less Income (Loss) Attributable to Non-Controlling Interest by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, and when dilutive, the potential net shares that would be issued upon exercise of stock options pursuant to the treasury stock method. In periods with a net loss, the diluted loss per share equals the basic loss per share as all common stock equivalents are excluded from the per share calculation because they are anti-dilutive.

For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, common stock equivalents of 478,000 shares and 655,000 shares, respectively, were excluded from the computation of Diluted Net Loss per Share as their effect would be anti-dilutive. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, common stock equivalents of 728,000 shares and 956,000 shares, respectively, were excluded from the computation of Diluted Net Loss per Share as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

NOTE 3 – INVESTMENT PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT

Acquisitions

On January 19, 2023, the Company acquired Mighty Oak, a newly developed manufactured home community located in Albany, Georgia, for approximately $3.7 million, through its qualified opportunity zone fund (See Note 6). This community contains a total of 118 newly developed homesites that are situated on approximately 26 total acres.

The Company has evaluated this acquisition and has determined that it should be accounted for as an acquisition of assets. As such, we have allocated the total cash consideration, including transaction costs of approximately $29,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, to the individual assets acquired on a relative fair value basis. The following table summarizes our purchase price allocation for the assets acquired for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 (in thousands):

 SCHEDULE OF ESTIMATED FAIR VALUE OF ASSETS ACQUIRED

See Note 14 for the Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information relating to this acquisition.

NOTE 4 – MARKETABLE SECURITIES

The Company’s marketable securities consist primarily of marketable common and preferred stock of other REITs with a fair value of $27.6 million as of September 30, 2023, which represents 1.5% of undepreciated assets. The Company does not intend to increase its investments in this REIT securities portfolio. The REIT securities portfolio provides the Company with additional liquidity and additional income and serves as a proxy for real estate when more favorable risk adjusted returns are not available.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company had total net unrealized losses of $46.6 million in its REIT securities portfolio. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company recorded a decrease of $5.5 million and $10.4 million, respectively, in the fair value of these marketable securities. The Company held twelve securities that had unrealized losses as of September 30, 2023.

NOTE 5- INVESTMENT IN JOINT VENTURE

In December 2021, the Company and Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America, through Nuveen Real Estate (its asset management division) (“Nuveen” or “Nuveen Real Estate”), established a joint venture for the purpose of acquiring manufactured housing and/or recreational vehicle communities that are under development and/or newly developed and meet certain other investment guidelines. The terms of the joint venture are set forth in a Limited Liability Company Agreement dated as of December 8, 2021 (the “LLC Agreement”) entered into between a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and an affiliate of Nuveen. The LLC Agreement provides for the parties to initially fund up to $70 million of equity capital for acquisitions during a 24-month commitment period, with Nuveen having the option, subject to certain conditions, to elect to increase the parties’ total commitments by up to an additional $100 million and to extend the commitment period for up to an additional four years. The LLC Agreement calls for committed capital to be funded 60% by Nuveen and 40% by the Company on a parity basis. The Company serves as managing member of the joint venture and is responsible for day-to-day operations of the joint venture and management of its properties, subject to obtaining approval of Nuveen Real Estate for major decisions (including investments, dispositions, financings, major capital expenditures and annual budgets). The Company receives property management, asset management and other fees from the joint venture. In addition, once each member of the joint venture has recouped its invested capital and received a 7.5% net unlevered internal rate of return, 80% of distributable cash will be allocated pro rata in accordance with the members’ respective percentage interests and the Company and Nuveen will receive a promote percentage equal to 70% (in the case of the Company) and 30% (in the case of Nuveen) of the remaining 20% of distributable cash. After 7 years the Company may elect to consummate the crystallization of the promote.

Under the terms of the LLC Agreement, after December 8, 2024 or, if later, the second anniversary of the joint venture’s acquisition and placing in service of a manufactured housing or recreational vehicle community, Nuveen will have a right to initiate the sale of one or more of the communities owned by the joint venture. If Nuveen elects to initiate such a sale process, the Company may exercise a right of first refusal to acquire Nuveen’s interest in the community or communities to be sold for a purchase price corresponding to the greater of the appraised value of such communities or the amount required to provide a 7.5% net unlevered internal rate of return on Nuveen’s investment. In addition, the Company will have the right to buy out Nuveen’s interest in the joint venture at any time after December 8, 2031 at a purchase price corresponding to the greater of the appraised value of the portfolio or the amount required to provide a 7.5% net unlevered internal rate of return on Nuveen’s investment.

The LLC Agreement between the Company and Nuveen provides that until the capital contributions to the joint venture are fully funded or the joint venture is terminated, the joint venture will be the exclusive vehicle for the Company to acquire any manufactured housing communities and/or recreational vehicle communities that meet the joint venture’s investment guidelines. These guidelines call for the joint venture to acquire manufactured housing and recreational vehicle communities that have been developed within the previous two years and are less than 20% occupied, are located in certain geographic markets, are projected to meet certain cash flow and internal rate of return targets, and satisfy certain other criteria. The Company has agreed to offer Nuveen the opportunity to have the joint venture acquire any manufactured housing community or recreational vehicle community that meets these investment guidelines. If Nuveen determines not to pursue or approve any such acquisition, the Company would be permitted to acquire the property outside the joint venture. Since formation of the joint venture, Nuveen has provided the Company with written waivers of the exclusivity provision of the LLC Agreement with regard to two property acquisitions that may have fit the investment guidelines of the joint venture, which permitted the Company to acquire them outside of the Nuveen joint venture. Except for investment opportunities that are offered to and declined by Nuveen, the Company is prohibited from developing, owning, operating or managing manufactured housing communities or recreational vehicle communities within a 10-mile radius of any community owned by the joint venture. However, this restriction does not apply with respect to investments by the Company in existing communities operated by the Company.

The LLC Agreement provides that Nuveen will have the right to remove and replace the Company as managing member of the joint venture and manager of the joint venture’s properties if the Company breaches certain obligations or certain events occur. Upon such removal, Nuveen may elect to buy out the Company’s interest in the joint venture at 98% of the value of the Company’s interest in the joint venture. If Nuveen does not exercise such buy-out right, the Company may, at specified times, elect to initiate a sale of the communities owned by the joint venture, subject to a right of first refusal on the part of Nuveen. The LLC Agreement contains restrictions on a party’s right to transfer its interest in the joint venture without the approval of the other party.

The LLC Agreement requires the Company to offer Nuveen the opportunity to have the joint venture acquire a manufactured housing community or recreational vehicle community that meets the investment guidelines. If Nuveen decides not to acquire the community through the joint venture, however, the Company is free to purchase the community on its own outside of the joint venture.

In December 2021, the joint venture closed on the acquisition of Sebring Square, a newly developed all-age, manufactured home community located in Sebring, Florida, for a total purchase price of $22.2 million. This community contains 219 developed homesites situated on approximately 39 acres. On December 23, 2022, the joint venture closed on the acquisition of Rum Runner, a newly developed all-age, manufactured home community also located in Sebring, Florida for a total purchase price of $15.1 million. This community contains 144 developed homesites situated on approximately 20 acres. The Company manages these communities on behalf of the joint venture.

The Company and Nuveen are continuing to seek opportunities to acquire additional manufactured housing and/or recreational vehicle communities that are under development and/or newly developed and meet certain other investment guidelines. The Company and Nuveen have informally agreed that any future acquisitions would be made by one or more new joint venture entities to be formed for that purpose and that the existing joint venture entity formed in December 2021 will not consummate additional acquisitions but will maintain its existing property portfolio, consisting of the Sebring Square and Rum Runner communities. While the terms and conditions of such new joint venture entities have not been fully negotiated, it is expected that invested capital would continue to be funded 60% by Nuveen and 40% by the Company on a parity basis and that other terms would be similar to those of the existing joint venture, except that the amounts of the parties’ respective capital commitments will be determined on a property-by-property basis.

References in this report to the Company’s joint venture with Nuveen are intended to refer to our ongoing relationship with Nuveen.

The Company accounts for this joint venture with Nuveen Real Estate under the equity method of accounting in accordance with ASC 323, “Investments – Equity Method and Joint Ventures”.

NOTE 6 - OPPORTUNITY ZONE FUND

In July 2022, the Company invested $8.0 million, representing a portion of the capital gain the Company recognized from its investment in Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation (“MREIC”), which was acquired by merger in February 2022, in UMH OZ Fund, LLC (“OZ Fund”), a new entity formed by the Company. The OZ Fund was created to acquire, develop and redevelop manufactured housing communities requiring substantial capital investment and located in areas designated as Qualified Opportunity Zones by the Treasury Department pursuant to a program authorized under the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act to encourage long-term investment in economically distressed areas. The OZ Fund was designed to allow the Company and other investors in the OZ Fund to defer the tax on recently realized capital gains reinvested in the OZ Fund until December 31, 2026 and to potentially obtain certain other tax benefits. UMH manages the OZ Fund and will receive certain management fees as well as a 15% carried interest in distributions by the OZ Fund to the other investors (subject to first returning investor capital with a 5% preferred return). UMH will have a right of first offer to purchase the communities from the OZ Fund at the time of sale at their then-current appraised value. On August 10, 2022, the Company, through the OZ Fund, acquired Garden View, located in Orangeburg, South Carolina, for approximately $5.2 million. On January 19, 2023, the Company, through the OZ Fund, acquired Mighty Oak, located in Albany, Georgia, for approximately $3.7 million (See Note 3). As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s investment in the OZ Fund represented 77% of the total capital contributed to the OZ Fund and is consolidated in the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Other investors in the OZ Fund include certain officers, directors and employees of the Company.

NOTE 7 – LOANS AND MORTGAGES PAYABLE AND OTHER LONG-TERM INDEBTEDNESS

Unsecured Line of Credit

On November 7, 2022, the Company entered into the Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (the “Amendment”) to expand and extend its existing unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Facility”). The expanded Facility is syndicated with two banks, BMO and JPMorgan, as joint arrangers and joint book runners, with Bank of Montreal as administrative agent. The Second Amended Credit Agreement provides for an increase from $75 million in available borrowings to $100 million in available borrowings with a $400 million accordion feature, bringing the total potential availability up to $500 million, subject to certain conditions including obtaining commitments from additional lenders. The Second Amended Credit Agreement also extends the maturity date of the Facility from November 29, 2022 to November 7, 2026, with a further one-year extension available at the Company’s option, subject to certain conditions including payment of an extension fee. Availability under the amended Facility is limited to 60% of the value of the unencumbered communities which the Company has placed in the Facility’s unencumbered asset pool (“Borrowing Base”). The value of the Borrowing Base communities is based on a capitalization rate of 6.5% applied to the Net Operating Income (“NOI”) generated by the communities in the Borrowing Base. Interest rates on borrowings are based on the Company’s overall leverage ratio and are equal to the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) plus 1.50% to 2.20%, or BMO’s prime lending rate plus 0.50% to 1.20%.

On February 24, 2023, the Company amended its Facility to expand available borrowings from $100 million to $180 million. As of September 30, 2023, the amount outstanding under the Facility was $100 million and the interest rate was 7.27%.

Loans Payable

The following is a summary of our loans payable as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

 SCHEDULE OF LOANS PAYABLE

On March 9, 2023, the Company entered into a $30 million revolving line of credit with Triad Financial Services (“Triad”) secured by rental homes and rental home leases, with an interest rate of prime plus 0.25%, with a minimum of 5%.

On May 12, 2023, the Company entered into a $25 million term loan with FirstBank. The term loan has a 5-year term with a fixed interest rate of 6.15%. The term loan is secured by rental homes, and their leases, in various communities throughout our portfolio. Additionally, the Company entered into a new $25 million line of credit secured by rental homes and their leases. This new line of credit also has a 5-year term and has a variable rate tied to Prime.

On July 19, 2023, the Company expanded its revolving line of credit with OceanFirst Bank from $20 million to $35 million. Interest is at prime with a floor of 4.75%. This line is secured by the Company’s eligible notes receivable. The amendment also extended the maturity date to June 1, 2025.

Series A Bonds

On February 6, 2022, the Company issued $102.7 million of its new 4.72% Series A Bonds due 2027, or the 2027 Bonds, in an offering to investors in Israel. The Company received $98.7 million, net of offering expenses. The 2027 Bonds are unsecured obligations of the Company denominated in Israeli shekels (NIS) and were issued pursuant to a Deed of Trust dated January 31, 2022 between the Company and Reznik Paz Nevo Trusts Ltd., an Israeli trust company, as trustee. The 2027 Bonds pay interest at a rate of 4.72% per year. Interest on the 2027 Bonds is payable semi-annually on August 31, 2022, and on February 28 and August 31 of the years 2023-2026 (inclusive) and on the final maturity date of February 28, 2027. The principal and interest will be linked to the U.S. Dollar. In the event of a future downgrade by two or more notches in the rating of the 2027 Bonds or a failure by the Company to comply with certain covenants in the Deed of Trust, the interest rate on the 2027 Bonds will be subject to increase. However, any such increases, in the aggregate, would not exceed 1.25% per annum. As of September 30, 2023, the Company is in compliance with these covenants.

Under the Deed of Trust, the Company has the right to redeem the 2027 Bonds, in whole or in part, at any time on or after 60 days from February 9, 2022, the date on which the 2027 Bonds were listed for trading on the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (the “TASE”). Any such voluntary early redemption by the Company will require payment of the applicable early redemption amount calculated in accordance with the Deed of Trust. The Company does not currently intend to redeem the 2027 Bonds. Upon the occurrence of an event of default or certain other events, including a delisting of the 2027 Bonds by the TASE, the Company may be required to effect an early repayment or redemption of all or a portion of the 2027 Bonds at their par value plus accrued and unpaid interest. The Deed of Trust permits the Company, subject to certain conditions, to issue additional 2027 Bonds without obtaining approval of the holders of the 2027 Bonds.

The 2027 Bonds are general unsecured obligations of the Company and rank equal in right of payment with all of the Company’s existing and future unsecured indebtedness. The Deed of Trust includes certain customary covenants, including financial covenants requiring the Company to maintain certain ratios of debt to net operating income, to shareholders’ equity and to earnings, and customary events of default. The 2027 Bonds were offered solely to investors outside the United States and were not offered to, or for the account or benefit of, U.S. Persons (as defined in Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933).

Mortgages Payable

The following is a summary of our mortgages payable as of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

 SCHEDULE OF MORTGAGES PAYABLE

As of September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the weighted average loan maturity of mortgages payable was 5.0 years and 5.1 years, respectively.

NOTE 8 - SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common Stock

On January 11, 2023, the Board of Directors approved an increase in the Company’s quarterly common stock dividend, raising it to $0.205 per share from $0.20 per share, representing a 2.5% increase. Over the past three years the Company has increased the dividend by 14%.

On September 15, 2023, the Company paid total cash dividends of $13.4 million or $0.205 per share to common shareholders of record as of the close of business on August 15, 2023, of which $647,000 was reinvested in the Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (“DRIP”). On October 2, 2023, the Company declared a dividend of $0.205 per share to be paid December 15, 2023 to common shareholders of record as of the close of business on November 15, 2023.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company received, including dividends reinvested of $2.0 million, a total of $6.8 million from its DRIP. There were 452,000 shares issued under the DRIP during this period.

On January 11, 2023, the Board of Directors reaffirmed our Common Stock Repurchase Program (the “Repurchase Program”) that authorizes us to repurchase up to $25 million in the aggregate of the Company’s common stock. Purchases under the Repurchase Program may be made using a variety of methods, which may include open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or block trades, or by any combination of such methods, in accordance with applicable insider trading and other securities laws and regulations. The size, scope and timing of any purchases will be based on business, market and other conditions and factors, including price, regulatory and contractual requirements or consents, and capital availability. The Repurchase Program does not require the Company to acquire any particular amount of common stock and may be suspended, modified or discontinued at any time at the Company’s discretion without prior notice. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock.

Common Stock At-The-Market Sales Programs

On March 7, 2022, the Company entered into an Equity Distribution Agreement (the “2022 Common ATM Program”) with BMO Capital Markets Corp., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, B. Riley Securities, Inc., Compass Point Research & Trading, LLC and Janney Montgomery Scott LLC, as distribution agents (the “Distribution Agents”) under which the Company may offer and sell shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.10 par value per share (the “Common Stock”), having an aggregate sales price of up to $150 million from time to time through the Distribution Agents, as agents or principals. Sales of the shares of Common Stock under the 2022 Common ATM Program are made in “at the market offerings” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), including, without limitation, sales made directly on or through the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) or to or through a market maker or any other method permitted by law, including, without limitation, negotiated transactions and block trades. The Distribution Agents are not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of securities, but will use commercially reasonable efforts consistent with their normal trading and sales practices, on mutually agreed terms between the Distribution Agents and the Company. For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, 2.1 million shares of Common Stock were issued and sold under the 2022 Common ATM Program at a weighted average price of $16.77 per share, generating gross proceeds of $35.6 million and net proceeds of $35.1 million, after offering expenses.

On April 4, 2023, the Company entered into a new equity distribution agreement (the “2023 Common ATM Program”) with the Distribution Agents and terminated the 2022 Common ATM Program. Under the 2023 Common ATM Program, the Company may offer and sell shares of the Company’s Common Stock, having an aggregate sales price of up to $150 million from time to time through the Distribution Agents, as agents or principals. Sales of the shares of Common Stock under the Distribution Agreement, if any, will be in “at the market offerings” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, including, without limitation, sales made directly on or through the NYSE or to or through a market maker or any other method permitted by law, including, without limitation, negotiated transactions and block trades. The Distribution Agents are not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of securities, but will use commercially reasonable efforts consistent with their normal trading and sales practices, on mutually agreed terms between the Distribution Agents and the Company. The Company began selling shares under the 2023 Common ATM Program on April 4, 2023 and through September 30, 2023, 5.6 million shares of Common Stock were issued and sold at a weighted average price of $15.78 per share, generating gross proceeds of $88.8 million and net proceeds of $86.9 million, after offering expenses.

Under both the 2022 Common ATM Program and the 2023 Common ATM Program, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, a total of 7.8 million shares of Common Stock were issued and sold at a weighted average price of $16.05 per share, generating gross proceeds of $124.4 million and net proceeds of $122.0 million, after offering expenses.

As of September 30, 2023, $61.2 million of common stock remained eligible for sale under the 2023 Common ATM Program.

6.375% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock

On September 15, 2023, the Company paid $4.4 million in dividends or $0.3984375 per share for the period from June 1, 2023 through August 31, 2023 to holders of record as of the close of business on August 15, 2023 of our 6.375% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, $0.10 par value per share, Liquidation Preference $25.00 per share (“Series D Preferred Stock”). Dividends on our Series D Preferred Stock are cumulative and payable quarterly at an annual rate of $1.59375 per share.

On October 2, 2023, the Company declared a dividend of $0.3984375 per share for the period from September 1, 2023 through November 30, 2023 to be paid on December 15, 2023 to Series D Preferred shareholders of record as of the close of business on November 15, 2023.

Preferred Stock At-The-Market Sales Programs

On July 22, 2020, the Company entered into a Preferred Stock At-The-Market Sales Program (the “2020 Preferred ATM Program”) with B. Riley Securities, Inc., as distribution agent (“B. Riley”), under which the Company may offer and sell shares of the Company’s Series C Preferred Stock and/or Series D Preferred Stock, having an aggregate sales price of up to $100 million. Sales of shares under the 2020 Preferred ATM Program are made in “at the market offerings” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, including, without limitation, sales made directly on or through the NYSE, or on any other existing trading market for the Series C Preferred Stock or Series D Preferred Stock, as applicable, or to or through a market maker or any other method permitted by law, including, without limitation, negotiated transactions and block trades. Shares of Series C Preferred Stock and/or Series D Preferred Stock sold under the 2020 Preferred ATM Program are offered and sold pursuant to the Company’s 2020 Registration Statement and pursuant to the Company’s prospectus dated June 1, 2020 included in the 2020 Registration Statement and the related prospectus supplement dated July 22, 2020. The 2020 Preferred ATM Program replaced the Company’s previous at-the-market sales program for its Series C Preferred Stock and/or Series D Preferred Stock. On July 26, 2022, the Company redeemed all of its issued and outstanding shares of its Series C Preferred Stock and therefore, in light of the redemption, disclosed that the Company does not intend to issue any new shares of Series C Preferred Stock. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company issued and sold 126,000 shares of Series D Preferred Stock under the 2020 Preferred ATM Program at a weighted average price of $22.25 per share, generating total gross and net proceeds, of $2.8 million.

On January 10, 2023, the Company entered into a new At Market Issuance Sales Agreement (the “2023 Preferred ATM Program”) with B. Riley and terminated the use of the 2020 Preferred ATM Program. Under the 2023 Preferred ATM Program, the Company may offer and sell shares of the Company’s Series D Preferred Stock, having an aggregate sales price of up to $100 million from time to time through B. Riley, as agent or principal. Sales of the shares of Series D Preferred Stock in the 2023 Preferred ATM Program will be in “at the market offerings” as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, including, without limitation, sales made directly on or through the NYSE or on any other existing trading market for the Series D Preferred Stock, as applicable, or to or through a market maker or any other method permitted by law, including, without limitation, negotiated transactions and block trades. B. Riley is not required to sell any specific number or dollar amount of securities, but will use its commercially reasonable efforts consistent with its normal trading and sales practices, on mutually agreed terms between B. Riley and the Company. Since January 10, 2023, the Company issued and sold 2.0 million shares of its Series D Preferred Stock under the 2023 Preferred ATM Program at a weighted average price of $21.99 per share, generating gross proceeds of $44.8 million and net proceeds of $44.0 million, after offering expenses.

Under both the 2020 Preferred ATM Program and the 2023 Preferred ATM Program, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, a total of 2.2 million shares of Series D Preferred Stock were issued and sold at a weighted average price of $22.01 per share, generating gross proceeds of $47.6 million and net proceeds of $46.8 million, after offering expenses.

As of September 30, 2023, $55.2 million in shares of Series D Preferred Stock remained eligible for sale under the 2023 Preferred ATM Program.

NOTE 9 – STOCK BASED COMPENSATION

The Company accounts for awards of stock, stock options and restricted stock in accordance with ASC 718-10, “Compensation-Stock Compensation.” ASC 718-10 requires that compensation cost for all stock awards be calculated and amortized over the service period (generally equal to the vesting period). The compensation cost for stock option grants is determined using option pricing models, intended to estimate the fair value of the awards at the grant date less estimated forfeitures. The compensation expense for restricted stock is recognized based on the fair value of the restricted stock awards less estimated forfeitures. The fair value of restricted stock awards is equal to the fair value of the Company’s stock on the grant date. Compensation costs of $1.0 and $4.0 million have been recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $1.6 and $3.9 million have been recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.

On May 31, 2023, the shareholders approved the UMH Properties, Inc. 2023 Equity Incentive Award Plan (the “2023 Plan”), authorizing the grant of options, restricted stock or other stock-based awards to participants. The maximum number of shares available for grant under the 2023 Plan is 2.2 million shares. The maximum number of shares underlying awards that may be granted in any one year to a participant is 300,000 shares. Option awards are exercisable after one year of continued employment or service to the Company from the date of grant. The option price shall not be below the fair market value at date of grant.

The 2023 Plan replaced the Company’s previous Amended and Restated 2013 Incentive Award Plan (the “A&R 2013 Plan”), which by its terms terminated with respect to new awards on June 13, 2023. Outstanding grants under the A&R 2013 Plan will continue to be subject to the terms of the A&R 2013 Plan. No future awards will be granted under the A&R 2013 Plan, except for those shares previously reserved for outstanding performance-based grants under the A&R 2013 Plan.

On January 11, 2023, the Company awarded a total of 25,000 shares of restricted stock to five employees under the Company’s A&R 2013 Plan. The grant date fair value of these restricted stock grants was $413,000. These grants vest ratably over 5 years.

On January 11, 2023, the Company awarded a total of 7,488 shares of common stock to nine members of our Board of Directors. The grant date fair value of these awards was $124,000.

On March 21, 2023, the Company awarded a total of 8,622 shares of common stock to nine members of our Board of Directors. The grant date fair value of these awards was $124,000.

On March 21, 2023, the Company awarded a total of 98,500 shares of restricted stock to two employees under the A&R 2013 Plan, pursuant to their employment agreements. The grant date fair value of these restricted stock grants was $1.4 million. These grants vest ratably over 5 years.

On March 21, 2023, the Company granted options to purchase 1.4 million shares of common stock to sixty-nine participants under the A&R 2013 Plan. The grant date fair value of these options amounted to $4.2 million. These grants vest ratably over five years. Compensation costs for grants issued to a participant who is of retirement age are recognized at the time of the grant.

On June 14, 2023, the Company awarded a total of 7,641 shares of common stock to nine members of our Board of Directors under the 2023 Plan. The grant date fair value of these awards was $124,000.

On August 10, 2023, the Company issued a total of 146,572 shares of common stock to five employees upon vesting of previously disclosed awards granted in 2021 under the A&R 2013 Plan as a special bonus in connection with the Company’s August 2020 groundbreaking Fannie Mae financing. These grants were expensed over the vesting period.

On September 20, 2023, the Company awarded a total of 8,595 shares of common stock to nine members of our Board of Directors under the 2023 Plan. The grant date fair value of these awards was $124,000.

The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted-average assumptions used for grants during the nine months ended September 30, 2023:

 SCHEDULE OF FAIR VALUE OF OPTION GRANT OF WEIGHTED-AVERAGE ASSUMPTIONS

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, thirteen participants exercised options to purchase a total of 71,000 shares of common stock at a weighted-average exercise price of $10.34 per share for total proceeds of $734,000. The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised was $418,000. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, options to purchase 20,000 shares expired.

As of September 30, 2023, there were options outstanding to purchase 4.8 million shares, with an aggregate intrinsic value of $2.7 million. There were 2.2 million shares available for grant under the 2023 Plan.

NOTE 10 - FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

In accordance with ASC 820-10, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures,” the Company measures certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis, including marketable securities. The fair value of these financial assets and liabilities was determined using the following inputs at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 (in thousands):

 FINANCIAL ASSETS AND LIABILITIES RECOGNIZED AT FAIR VALUE ON A RECURRING BASIS

In addition to the Company’s investment in marketable securities at fair value, the Company is required to disclose certain information about fair values of its other financial instruments, as defined in ASC 825-10, Financial Instruments. Estimates of fair value are made at a specific point in time, based upon, where available, relevant market prices and information about the financial instrument. Such estimates do not include any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. All of the Company’s marketable securities have quoted market prices. However, for a portion of the Company’s other financial instruments, no quoted market value exists. Therefore, estimates of fair value are necessarily based on a number of significant assumptions (many of which involve events outside the control of management). Such assumptions include assessments of current economic conditions, perceived risks associated with these financial instruments and their counterparties, future expected loss experience and other factors. Given the uncertainties surrounding these assumptions, the reported fair values represent estimates only and, therefore, cannot be compared to the historical accounting model. Use of different assumptions or methodologies is likely to result in significantly different fair value estimates.

The fair value of cash and cash equivalents and notes receivable approximates their current carrying amounts since all such items are short-term in nature. The fair value of variable rate loans payable approximate their current carrying amounts since such amounts payable are at approximately a weighted-average current market rate of interest. As of September 30, 2023, the estimated fair value of fixed rate mortgages payable amounted to $422.5 million and the carrying value of fixed rate mortgages payable amounted to $446.3 million.

NOTE 11 – CONTINGENCIES, COMMITMENTS AND OTHER MATTERS

From time to time, the Company may be subject to claims and litigation in the ordinary course of business. Management does not believe that any such claims or litigation will have a material adverse effect on the financial position or results of operations.

The Company had an agreement with 21st Mortgage Corporation (“21st Mortgage”) under which 21st Mortgage provided financing for home purchasers in the Company’s communities. The Company did not receive referral fees or other cash compensation under the agreement. If 21st Mortgage made loans to purchasers and those purchasers defaulted on their loans and 21st Mortgage repossessed the homes securing such loans, the Company agreed to purchase from 21st Mortgage each such repossessed home for a price equal to 80% to 95% of the amount under each such loan, subject to certain adjustments. As of September 30, 2023, the total loan balance under this agreement was approximately $2.4 million. Additionally, 21st Mortgage previously made loans to purchasers in certain communities we acquired. In conjunction with these acquisitions, the Company has agreed to purchase from 21st Mortgage each repossessed home, if those purchasers default on their loans. The purchase price ranges from 55% to 100% of the amount under each such loan, subject to certain adjustments. As of September 30, 2023, the total loan balance owed to 21st Mortgage with respect to homes in these acquired communities was approximately $740,000. This program was terminated on June 22, 2023. The Company’s repurchase obligations for the outstanding loans that were originated by 21^st Mortgage remain in effect.

The Company entered into a Manufactured Home Retailer Agreement (the “MHRA”) with 21^st Mortgage on January 24, 2023, under which 21^st Mortgage provides financing for home purchasers in the Company’s communities. 21^st Mortgage has no recourse against the Company under the MHRA except in instances where the Customer defaults before two scheduled monthly payments are paid by the purchaser and the default is based on any dispute between S&F surrounding the terms or execution of the purchase and sale of the home. Upon such a default, S&F is to take assignment of the loan from 21^st Mortgage for the unpaid principal balance plus accrued interest. As of September 30, 2023, no loans have been originated under the MHRA.

S&F entered into a Chattel Loan Origination, Sale and Servicing Agreement (“COP Program”) with Triad Financial Services, effective January 1, 2016. Neither the Company, nor S&F, receive referral fees or other cash compensation under the agreement. Customer loan applications are initially submitted to Triad for consideration by Triad’s portfolio of outside lenders. If a loan application does not meet the criteria for outside financing, the application is then considered for financing under the COP Program. If the loan is approved under the COP Program, then it is originated by Triad, assigned to S&F and then assigned by S&F to the Company. Included in Notes and Other Receivables is approximately $70.3 million of loans that the Company acquired under the COP Program as of September 30, 2023.

The Company and one of its subsidiaries are parties to a Limited Liability Company Agreement dated as of December 8, 2021 with an affiliate of Nuveen, which governs the joint venture between the Company and Nuveen. The LLC Agreement provides for the parties to initially fund up to $70 million of equity capital for acquisitions during a 24-month commitment period, with Nuveen having the option, subject to certain conditions, to elect to increase the parties’ total commitments by up to an additional $100 million and to extend the commitment period for up to an additional four years. The Company is required to fund 40% of the committed capital and Nuveen is required to fund 60%. All such funding will be on a parity basis. The Company and Nuveen are continuing to seek opportunities to acquire additional manufactured housing and/or recreational vehicle communities that are under development and/or newly developed and meet certain other investment guidelines. The Company and Nuveen have informally agreed that any future acquisitions would be made by one or more new joint venture entities to be formed for that purpose and that the existing joint venture entity formed in December 2021 will not consummate additional acquisitions but will maintain its existing property portfolio. While the terms and conditions of such new joint venture entities have not been fully negotiated, it is expected that invested capital would continue to be funded 60% by Nuveen and 40% by the Company on a parity basis and that other terms would be similar to those of the existing joint venture, except that the amounts of the parties’ respective capital commitments will be determined on a property-by-property basis (See Note 5).

On July 26, 2023, the Company entered into an agreement to purchase two manufactured home communities, located in Maryland, for approximately $12.5 million. As of November 8, 2023, this transaction remains pending.

NOTE 12 - SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

Cash paid for interest during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 was $27.2 million and $18.7 million, respectively. Interest cost capitalized to land development was $4.1 million and $1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company had Dividend Reinvestments of $2.0 million and $2.1 million, respectively, which required no cash transfers.

NOTE 13– SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Management has evaluated subsequent events for disclosure and/or recognition in the financial statements through the date that the financial statements were issued.

Since October 1, 2023, the Company issued and sold an additional 190,000 shares of its Common Stock under the 2023 Common ATM Program at a weighted average price of $13.98 per share, generating gross proceeds of $2.7 million and net proceeds of $2.6 million, after offering expenses. As of November 1, 2023, $58.6 million of Common Stock remained eligible for sale under the 2023 Common ATM Program.

Since October 1, 2023, the Company issued and sold an additional 44,000 shares of its Series D Preferred Stock under the 2023 Preferred ATM Program at a weighted average price of $21.08 per share, generating gross proceeds of $931,000 and net proceeds of $916,000, after offering expenses. As of November 1, 2023, $54.2 million of Series D Preferred Stock remained eligible for sale under the 2023 Preferred ATM Program.

On October 13, 2023, the Company paid down $10 million on its revolving line of credit secured by its eligible notes receivables.

NOTE 14 – PROFORMA FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)

The following unaudited pro forma condensed financial information reflects the acquisitions during 2022 and 2023. This information has been prepared utilizing the historical financial statements of the Company and the effect of additional revenue and expenses from the properties acquired during this period assuming that the acquisitions had occurred as of the first day of the applicable period, after giving effect to certain adjustments including: (a) rental and related income; (b) community operating expenses; (c) interest expense resulting from the assumed increase in mortgages and loans payable related to the new acquisitions; and (d) depreciation expense related to the new acquisitions. The unaudited pro forma condensed financial information is not indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved had the acquisitions reflected herein been consummated on the dates indicated or that will be achieved in the future (in thousands).

 SUMMARY OF PRO FORMA FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Overview

The following discussion and analysis of the consolidated financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included elsewhere herein and in the Company’s annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

The Company is a Maryland corporation that operates as a self-administered, self-managed Real Estate Investment Trust (“REIT”) with headquarters in Freehold, New Jersey. The Company’s primary business is the ownership and operation of manufactured home communities, which includes leasing manufactured home spaces on an annual or month-to-month basis to residents. The Company also leases manufactured homes to residents and, through its wholly-owned taxable REIT subsidiary, UMH Sales and Finance, Inc. (“S&F”), sells and finances the sale of manufactured homes to residents and prospective residents of our communities and for placement on customers’ privately-owned land. During 2022, the Company also formed an opportunity zone fund to acquire, develop and redevelop manufactured housing communities requiring substantial capital investment and located in areas designated as Qualified Opportunity Zones by the Treasury Department pursuant to a program authorized under the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act to encourage long-term investment in economically distressed areas. The Company currently holds a 77% percentage interest in the opportunity zone fund.

As of September 30, 2023, the Company owned and operated 135 manufactured home communities (including two communities acquired through the Company’s opportunity zone fund) containing approximately 25,800 developed homesites. These communities are located in New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Indiana, Maryland, Michigan, Alabama, South Carolina and Georgia. The Company also has an ownership interest in and operates two communities in Florida through its joint venture with Nuveen Real Estate.

The Company earns income from the operation of its manufactured home communities, leasing of manufactured homesites, the rental of manufactured homes, the sale and finance of manufactured homes and the brokering of home sales, self-storage leases, oil and gas leases, cable service agreements and from appreciation in the values of the manufactured home communities and vacant land owned by the Company. In addition, the Company receives property management and other fees from its joint venture with Nuveen Real Estate and from its non-controlling interest in its opportunity zone fund. Management views the Company as a single segment based on its method of internal reporting in addition to its allocation of capital and resources. The Company also invests in equity securities of other REITs. As of September 30, 2023, the securities portfolio represented 1.5% of undepreciated assets. The Company does not intend to increase its investment in this REIT securities portfolio.

The Company believes that its capital structure, which allows for the ownership of assets using a balanced combination of equity obtained through the issuance of common stock, preferred stock and debt, will enhance shareholder returns as the properties appreciate over time.

The Company intends to continue to increase its real estate investments. Our business plan includes acquiring communities that over time are expected to yield in excess of our cost of funds and then investing in physical improvements, including adding rental homes onto otherwise vacant sites. This has resulted in increased occupancy rates and improved operating results. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, rental and related income increased 12% and 11%, respectively, from the prior year period and Community Net Operating Income (“NOI”), as defined below, increased 16% and 13%, respectively. Same property NOI, which includes communities owned and operated as of January 1, 2022, increased 13% and 10% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, over the prior year period driven by a 210 basis point increase in occupancy, to 88.4%, and a rental rate increase of 5.3%. We have been positioning ourselves for future growth and will continue to seek opportunistic investments. In addition, on behalf of our joint venture with Nuveen Real Estate, we will seek opportunities to acquire manufactured home communities that are under development and/or newly developed and meet certain other investment guidelines. We will also seek additional opportunities, through our opportunity zone fund, to acquire communities that require substantial capital investment and are located in Qualified Opportunity Zones.

Sales of manufactured homes increased 15% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 from the prior year. Demand for quality affordable housing remains healthy while inventory is scarce. Our property type offers substantial comparative value that should result in increased demand.

The macro-economic environment and current housing fundamentals continue to favor home rentals. Due to the climbing mortgage rates, the higher cost of buying a home versus renting one is at its most extreme since 1996. Rental homes in a manufactured home community allow the resident to obtain the efficiencies of factory-built housing and the amenities of community living for less than the cost of other forms of affordable housing. We continue to see strong demand for rental homes. We have added an additional 779 rental homes, net during the first nine months of 2023. This brought the total number of rental homes to approximately 9,900 rental homes, or 38.3% of total sites. Occupied rental homes represented approximately 41.8% of total occupied sites at quarter end. Occupancy in rental homes continues to be strong and was at 94.2% as of September 30, 2023. We compare favorably with other types of rental housing, including apartments, and we will continue to allocate capital to rental home purchases, as demand dictates. We anticipate adding a total of approximately 800 - 900 rental homes by the end of 2023.

The following is a summary of the community acquired through our opportunity zone fund during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands):

See PART I, Item 1 – Business in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 for a more complete discussion of the economic and industry-wide factors relevant to the Company and the opportunities and challenges, and risks on which the Company is focused.

Significant Accounting Policies and Estimates

The discussion and analysis of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations are based upon the Company’s consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”). The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions.

On a regular basis, management evaluates our assumptions, judgments and estimates. Management believes there have been no material changes to the items that we disclosed as our significant accounting policies and estimates under Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.

Supplemental Measures

In addition to the results reported in accordance with GAAP, management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations include certain non-GAAP financial measures that in management’s view of the business we believe are meaningful as they allow the investor the ability to understand key operating details of our business both with and without regard to certain accounting conventions or items that may not always be indicative of recurring annual cash flow of the portfolio. These non-GAAP financial measures as determined and presented by us may not be comparable to related or similarly titled measures reported by other companies and include Community Net Operating Income (“Community NOI”), Funds from Operations Attributable to Common Shareholders (“FFO”) and Normalized Funds from Operations Attributable to Common Shareholders (“Normalized FFO”).

We define Community NOI as rental and related income less community operating expenses such as real estate taxes, repairs and maintenance, community salaries, utilities, insurance and other expenses. We believe that Community NOI is helpful to investors and analysts as a direct measure of the actual operating results of our manufactured home communities, rather than our Company overall. Community NOI should not be considered a substitute for the reported results prepared in accordance with GAAP. Community NOI should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) as an indicator of our financial performance, or to cash flows as a measure of liquidity; nor is it indicative of funds available for our cash needs, including our ability to make cash distributions.

The Company’s Community NOI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 is calculated as follows (in thousands):

We assess and measure our overall operating results based upon FFO, an industry performance measure which management believes is a useful indicator of our operating performance. FFO is used by industry analysts and investors as a supplemental operating performance measure of a REIT. FFO, as defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”), represents net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders, as defined by accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. (“U.S. GAAP”), excluding gains or losses from sales of previously depreciated real estate assets, impairment charges related to depreciable real estate assets, the change in the fair value of marketable securities, and the gain or loss on the sale of marketable securities plus certain non-cash items such as real estate asset depreciation and amortization. Included in the NAREIT FFO White Paper - 2018 Restatement, is an option pertaining to assets incidental to our main business in the calculation of NAREIT FFO to make an election to include or exclude gains and losses on the sale of these assets, such as marketable equity securities, and include or exclude mark-to-market changes in the value recognized on these marketable equity securities. In conjunction with the adoption of the FFO White Paper - 2018 Restatement, for all periods presented, we have elected to exclude the change in the fair value of marketable securities from our FFO calculation. NAREIT created FFO as a non-U.S. GAAP supplemental measure of REIT operating performance. We define Normalized Funds from Operations Attributable to Common Shareholders (“Normalized FFO”), as FFO, excluding amortization and certain one-time charges. FFO and Normalized FFO should be considered as supplemental measures of operating performance used by REITs. FFO and Normalized FFO exclude historical cost depreciation as an expense and may facilitate the comparison of REITs which have a different cost basis. However, other REITs may use different methodologies to calculate FFO and Normalized FFO and, accordingly, our FFO and Normalized FFO may not be comparable to all other REITs. The items excluded from FFO and Normalized FFO are significant components in understanding the Company’s financial performance.

FFO and Normalized FFO (i) do not represent cash flow from operations as defined by U.S. GAAP; (ii) should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) as a measure of operating performance or to cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities; and (iii) are not alternatives to cash flow as a measure of liquidity.

The Company’s FFO and Normalized FFO attributable to common shareholders for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are calculated as follows (in thousands):