Vivid Seats Inc. - Quarter Report: 2023 June (Form 10-Q)

10-Q

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)


☒	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2023


☐	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission File Number: 001-40926

Vivid Seats Inc.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)


Delaware	86-3355184
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)	(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
24 E. Washington Street Suite 900 Chicago, Illinois	60602
(Address of principal executive offices)	(Zip Code)

(312) 291-9966

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share	SEAT	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
Warrants to purchase one share of Class A common stock	SEATW	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☒

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of July 31, 2023, the registrant had outstanding 96,384,194 shares of Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value per share, net of treasury shares, and 99,800,000 shares of Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value per share.

table of contents


		Page

	Forward-Looking Statements	1

PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3

Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets	3
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations	4
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Deficit	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows	8
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	10
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	26
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	36
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	36

PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION	37

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	37
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	37
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	37
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	37
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	37
Item 5.	Other Information	38
Item 6.	Exhibits	39

Signatures		41

forward-looking statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this "Report") contains forward-looking statements regarding future events and the future results of Vivid Seats Inc. that are based on our current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about our business and the industries in which we operate and the beliefs and assumptions of our management. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"). Words such as “expect,” “anticipate,” “target,” “goal,” “project,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “seek,” “estimate,” “will,” “likely,” “may,” “designed,” “would,” “future,” “can,” and “could,” as well as similar expressions which predict or indicate future events and trends or which do not relate to historical matters, are intended to identify such forward-looking statements.

For example, we may use forward-looking statements when addressing topics such as:

•

our ability to raise financing in the future;

•

our future financial performance;

•

our success in retaining or recruiting, or changes required in, our officers, key employees or directors;

•

our ability to pay dividends on our Class A common stock on the terms currently contemplated or at all; and

•

factors relating to our business, operations and financial performance, including, but not limited to:

our ability to compete in the ticketing industry;

our ability to maintain relationships with ticket buyers, sellers and distribution partners;

our ability to continue to improve our platform and maintain and enhance our brand;

the impact of extraordinary events or adverse economic conditions on discretionary consumer and corporate spending or on the supply and demand of live events;

our ability to identify suitable acquisition targets, and to complete and realize the expected benefits of planned acquisitions;

our ability to comply with applicable regulatory regimes;

our ability to successfully defend against litigation;

our ability to maintain the integrity of our information systems and infrastructure, and to mitigate possible cyber security risks;

our ability to generate sufficient cash flows or raise additional capital necessary to fund our operations;

the impact of pandemics on our business and the industries in which we operate; and

other factors detailed in the “Risk Factors” sections of this Report, our Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 (together with Amendment No. 1 thereto, our “2022 Form 10-K”) and our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”).

We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance, conditions or results, and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual results may differ materially and adversely from those anticipated in any forward-looking statements. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance

on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this Report or, in the case of statements incorporated herein by reference, as of the date of the incorporated document. While we believe such information forms a reasonable basis for such statements, such information may be limited or incomplete, and our statements should not be read to indicate that we have conducted an exhaustive inquiry into, or review of, all potentially available relevant information.

Important factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed under the “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” sections of this Report and our 2022 Form 10-K, as well as in our press releases and other filings with the SEC.

Except as required by applicable law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements contained in this Report, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

VIVID SEATS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands, except per share data) (Unaudited)


	June 30,			December 31,
	2023			2022
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	306,202		$	251,542
Restricted cash		672			748
Accounts receivable – net		46,301			36,531
Inventory – net		28,010			12,783
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		46,608			29,912
Total current assets		427,793			331,516
Property and equipment – net		10,356			10,431
Right-of-use assets – net		7,564			7,859
Intangible assets – net		82,031			81,976
Goodwill		715,258			715,258
Deferred tax assets		79,275			1,853
Other non-current assets		2,407			2,538
Total assets	$	1,324,684		$	1,151,431
Liabilities and shareholders’ deficit
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	204,217		$	161,312
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		192,038			181,970
Deferred revenue		30,070			31,983
Current maturities of long-term debt		2,750			2,750
Total current liabilities		429,075			378,015
Long-term debt – net		263,873			264,898
Long-term lease liabilities		14,808			14,911
Tax Receivable Agreement liability		98,977			—
Other non-current liabilities		20,868			13,445
Total long-term liabilities		398,526			293,254
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Redeemable noncontrolling interests		790,416			862,860

Shareholders' deficit
Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022; 101,611,805 and 82,410,774 issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		11			8
Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value; 250,000,000 shares authorized, 99,800,000 and 118,200,000 issued and outstanding at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		10			12
Additional paid-in capital		717,990			663,908
Treasury stock, at cost, 5,291,497 and 4,342,477 shares at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively		(40,106	)		(32,494	)
Accumulated deficit		(971,238	)		(1,014,132	)
Total Shareholders' deficit		(293,333	)		(382,698	)
Total liabilities, Redeemable noncontrolling interests, and Shareholders' deficit	$	1,324,684		$	1,151,431

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

VIVID SEATS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(in thousands, except for per share data) (Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Revenues	$	165,380		$	147,694		$	326,443		$	278,466
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)		42,616			32,422			80,376			64,586
Marketing and selling		65,192			59,412			119,964			113,640
General and administrative		38,307			36,207			70,696			65,482
Depreciation and amortization		2,704			1,726			5,302			3,111
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		(1,052	)		—			(1,018	)		—
Income from operations		17,613			17,927			51,123			31,647
Other (income) expense:
Interest expense – net		2,772			2,699			6,052			6,641
Loss on extinguishment of debt		—			—			—			4,285
Other (income) expense		1,000			(8,832	)		673			(6,553	)
Income before income taxes		13,841			24,060			44,398			27,274
Income tax expense (benefit)		(24,485	)		—			(24,200	)		76
Net income		38,326			24,060			68,598			27,198
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests		7,614			14,405			25,704			16,284
Net income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders	$	30,712		$	9,655		$	42,894		$	10,914

Net income per Class A common stock:
Basic	$	0.36		$	0.12		$	0.53		$	0.14
Diluted	$	0.20		$	0.12		$	0.35		$	0.14
Weighted average Class A common stock outstanding:
Basic		85,269,196			79,256,354			81,319,369			79,204,430
Diluted		196,377,470			79,259,017			196,128,259			79,737,582

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

VIVID SEATS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands) (Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Net income	$	38,326	$	24,060	$	68,598	$	27,198
Other comprehensive income:
Comprehensive income, net of taxes	$	38,326	$	24,060	$	68,598	$	27,198
Comprehensive income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests		7,614		14,405		25,704		16,284
Comprehensive income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders	$	30,712	$	9,655	$	42,894	$	10,914

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

VIVID SEATS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF DEFICIT

(in thousands, except for share data) (Unaudited)


				Class A Common Stock				Class B Common Stock							Treasury Stock
	Redeemable noncontrolling interests			Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Additional paid-in capital			Shares		Amount		Accumulated deficit			Total shareholders' deficit
Balances at January 1, 2022	$	1,286,016			79,091,871	$	8		118,200,000	$	12	$	182,091			—	$	—	$	(1,042,794	)	$	(860,683	)
Net income		1,879			—		—		—		—		—			—		—		1,259			1,259
Issuance of shares		—			75,072		—		—		—		—			—		—		—			—
Deemed contribution from former parent		691			—		—		—		—		463			—		—		—			463
Equity-based compensation		—			—		—		—		—		2,443			—		—		—			2,443
Subsequent remeasurement of Redeemable noncontrolling interests		18,706			—		—		—		—		(18,706	)		—		—		—			(18,706	)
Balances at March 31, 2022	$	1,307,292			79,166,943	$	8		118,200,000	$	12	$	166,291			—	$	—	$	(1,041,535	)	$	(875,224	)
Net income		14,405			—		—		—		—		—			—		—		9,655			9,655
Issuance of shares		—			74,089		—		—		—		—			—		—		—			—
Deemed contribution from former parent		699			—		—		—		—		468			—		—		—			468
Equity-based compensation		—			—		—		—		—		4,145			—		—		—			4,145
Distributions to non-controlling interest		—			—		—		—		—		(4,108	)		—		—		—			(4,108	)
Subsequent remeasurement of Redeemable noncontrolling interests		(439,442	)		—		—		—		—		439,442			—		—		—			439,442
Balances at June 30, 2022	$	882,954			79,241,032	$	8		118,200,000	$	12	$	606,238			—	$	—	$	(1,031,880	)	$	(425,622	)

VIVID SEATS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF DEFICIT

(in thousands, except for share data) (Unaudited)


				Class A Common Stock				Class B Common Stock									Treasury Stock
	Redeemable noncontrolling interests			Shares		Amount		Shares			Amount			Additional paid-in capital			Shares			Amount			Accumulated deficit			Total shareholders' deficit
Balances at January 1, 2023	$	862,860			82,410,774	$	8		118,200,000		$	12		$	663,908			(4,342,477	)	$	(32,494	)	$	(1,014,132	)	$	(382,698	)
Net income		18,090			—		—		—			—			—			—			—			12,182			12,182
Issuance of shares		—			491,502		1		—			—			—			—			—			—			1
Deemed contribution from former parent		577			—		—		—			—			391			—			—			—			391
Equity-based compensation		—			—		—		—			—			4,615			—			—			—			4,615
Repurchases of common stock		—			—		—		—			—			—			(949,020	)		(7,612	)		—			(7,612	)
Distributions to non-controlling interest		(3,816	)		—		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Subsequent remeasurement of Redeemable noncontrolling interests		24,155			—		—		—			—			(24,155	)		—			—			—			(24,155	)
Balances at March 31, 2023	$	901,866			82,902,276	$	9		118,200,000		$	12		$	644,759			(5,291,497	)	$	(40,106	)	$	(1,001,950	)	$	(397,276	)
Net income		7,614			—		—		—			—			—			—			—			30,712			30,712
Issuance of shares		—			309,529		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Deemed contribution from former parent		544			—		—		—			—			431			—			—			—			431
Secondary Offering of Class A common stock		(145,064	)		18,400,000		2		(18,400,000	)		(2	)		145,064			—			—			—			145,064
Equity-based compensation		—			—		—		—			—			6,524			—			—			—			6,524
Distributions to non-controlling interest		(7,200	)		—		—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Subsequent remeasurement of Redeemable noncontrolling interests		32,656			—		—		—			—			(32,656	)		—			—			—			(32,656	)
Establishment of liabilities under the Tax Receivable Agreement, net of tax and other tax impact of the Secondary Offering (Note 13)		—			—		—		—			—			(46,132	)		—			—			—			(46,132	)
Balances at June 30, 2023	$	790,416			101,611,805	$	11		99,800,000		$	10		$	717,990			(5,291,497	)	$	(40,106	)	$	(971,238	)	$	(293,333	)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

VIVID SEATS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands) (Unaudited)


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	68,598		$	27,198
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		5,302			3,111
Amortization of deferred financing costs and interest rate cap		453			575
Equity-based compensation expense		12,910			8,909
Loss on extinguishment of debt		—			4,285
Change in fair value of warrants		673			(6,553	)
Amortization of leases		295			1,177
Loss on asset disposals		17			—
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		(1,018	)		—
Deferred taxes		(24,577	)		—
Change in assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable		(9,770	)		(8,171	)
Inventory		(15,227	)		(9,429	)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		(16,696	)		13,412
Accounts payable		42,905			(638	)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities		13,586			(38,014	)
Deferred revenue		(1,913	)		7,518
Other non-current assets and liabilities		7,132			(1,974	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		82,670			1,406
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment		(606	)		(1,392	)
Purchases of personal seat licenses		(486	)		(137	)
Investments in developed technology		(4,491	)		(5,394	)
Cash adjustment in acquisition		—			(8	)
Net cash used in investing activities		(5,583	)		(6,931	)
Cash flows from financing activities
Payments of February 2022 First Lien Loan		(1,375	)		(687	)
Repurchase of common stock as treasury stock		(7,612	)		—
Cash paid for milestone payments		(2,500	)		—
Tax distributions		(11,016	)		—
Payments of June 2017 First Lien Loan		—			(465,712	)
Proceeds from February 2022 First Lien Loan		—			275,000
Payments of deferred financing costs and other debt-related costs		—			(4,856	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(22,503	)		(196,255	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash		54,584			(201,780	)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash – beginning of period		252,290			489,810
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash – end of period	$	306,874		$	288,030
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	7,261		$	6,285
Cash paid for income tax	$	401		$	—
Cash paid for operating lease liabilities	$	459		$	1,372
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations	$	—		$	3,406
Establishment of liabilities under Tax Receivable Agreement	$	98,977		$	—
Establishment of deferred tax asset under Tax Receivable Agreement and Secondary Offering	$	52,845		$	—

VIVID SEATS INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(in thousands) (Unaudited)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.

Vivid Seats INC.

NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

1. Background and Basis of Presentation

Vivid Seats Inc. and its subsidiaries including Hoya Intermediate, LLC ("Hoya Intermediate"), Hoya Midco, LLC ("Hoya Midco"), and Vivid Seats LLC (collectively the “Company,” “us,” “we,” and “our”) provide an online secondary ticket marketplace that enables ticket buyers to discover and easily purchase tickets to concert, sporting and theater events in the United States and Canada. Through our Marketplace segment, we operate an online platform enabling ticket buyers to purchase tickets to live events, while enabling ticket sellers to seamlessly manage their operations. In our Resale segment, we acquire tickets to resell on secondary ticket marketplaces, including our own.

We have prepared these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") for interim financial information and the instructions to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X issued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for comprehensive annual financial statements. These condensed consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read together with the audited annual consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 and Amendment No. 1 thereto, which were filed with the SEC on March 7, 2023 and May 9, 2023, respectively (together, our “2022 Form 10-K”). These condensed consolidated financial statements include all of our accounts, including those of our consolidated subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior period amounts of Other non-current assets have been reclassified to conform to current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on previously reported totals for assets, liabilities, shareholders' deficit, cash flows or net income.

2. New Accounting Standards

Recently adopted accounting standards

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which changes how entities will measure credit losses for financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The new expected credit loss impairment model requires immediate recognition of estimated credit losses expected to occur. ASU 2019-10, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326), Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815), and Leases (Topic 842): Effective Dates, deferred the effective date for non-public companies. The standard is effective for non-public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022. We adopted these requirements as of January 1, 2023 with no material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848), Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting, as modified in January 2021. The ASU is intended to help stakeholders during the global market-wide reference rate transition period. The new guidance provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. The guidance also establishes (1) a general contract modification principle that entities can apply in other areas that may be affected by reference rate reform and (2) certain elective hedge accounting expedients. We adopted these requirements as of January 1, 2023 with no material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

3. Revenue Recognition

We recognize revenue in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We have two reportable segments: Marketplace and Resale.

Vivid Seats INC.

NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

Through the Marketplace segment, we act as an intermediary between ticket buyers and sellers. We earn revenue processing ticket sales from our Owned Properties, consisting of the Vivid Seats website and our mobile applications, and from our Private Label offering, which is comprised of numerous distribution partners.

Marketplace revenues consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Marketplace revenues:
Owned Properties	$	103,413	$	98,564	$	206,228	$	182,230
Private Label		35,737		31,350		69,503		58,200
Total Marketplace revenues	$	139,150	$	129,914	$	275,731	$	240,430

Marketplace revenues consisted of the following event categories (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Marketplace revenues:
Concerts	$	77,741	$	65,816	$	152,620	$	124,489
Sports		45,349		51,285		90,949		90,200
Theater		15,527		11,856		30,917		24,471
Other		533		957		1,245		1,270
Total Marketplace revenues	$	139,150	$	129,914	$	275,731	$	240,430

Resale revenues were $26.2 million and $50.7 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $17.8 million and $38.0 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

At June 30, 2023, Deferred revenue in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets was $30.1 million, which primarily relates to Vivid Seats Rewards, our loyalty program. Stamps earned under the program expire in two to three years, if not converted to credits, and credits expire in two to four years, if not redeemed. We expect to recognize all outstanding deferred revenue in the next seven years.

At December 31, 2022, $32.0 million was recorded as Deferred revenue, of which $0.8 million and $11.7 million was recognized as revenue during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively. At December 31, 2021, $25.1 million was recorded as Deferred revenue, of which $2.0 million and $6.0 million was recognized as revenue during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

4. Segment Reporting

Our reportable segments are Marketplace and Resale. Through the Marketplace segment, we act as an intermediary between ticket buyers and sellers within our online secondary ticket marketplace. Through the Resale segment, we acquire tickets from primary sellers, which we then sell through secondary ticket marketplaces, including our own. Revenues and contribution margin are used by our Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM") to assess performance of the business. We define contribution margin as revenues less cost of revenues and marketing and selling expenses.

We do not report our assets, capital expenditures, general and administrative expenses or related depreciation and amortization expenses by segment because our CODM does not use this information to evaluate the performance of our operating segments.

The following tables represent our segment information (in thousands):

Vivid Seats INC.

NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2023							Six Months Ended June 30, 2023
	Marketplace		Resale		Consolidated			Marketplace		Resale		Consolidated
Revenues	$	139,150	$	26,230	$	165,380		$	275,731	$	50,712	$	326,443
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)		22,766		19,850		42,616			42,826		37,550		80,376
Marketing and selling		65,192		—		65,192			119,964		—		119,964
Contribution margin	$	51,192	$	6,380		57,572		$	112,941	$	13,162		126,103
General and administrative						38,307							70,696
Depreciation and amortization						2,704							5,302
Change in fair value of contingent consideration						(1,052	)						(1,018	)
Income from operations						17,613							51,123
Interest expense – net						2,772							6,052
Other income						1,000							673
Income before income taxes					$	13,841						$	44,398


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2022							Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
	Marketplace		Resale		Consolidated			Marketplace		Resale		Consolidated
Revenues	$	129,914	$	17,780	$	147,694		$	240,430	$	38,036	$	278,466
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)		18,553		13,869		32,422			34,962		29,624		64,586
Marketing and selling		59,412		—		59,412			113,640		—		113,640
Contribution margin	$	51,949	$	3,911		55,860		$	91,828	$	8,412		100,240
General and administrative						36,207							65,482
Depreciation and amortization						1,726							3,111
Income from operations						17,927							31,647
Interest expense – net						2,699							6,641
Loss on extinguishment of debt						—							4,285
Other expenses						(8,832	)						(6,553	)
Income before income taxes					$	24,060						$	27,274

Substantially all of our sales occur, and assets reside, in the United States.

5. Accounts Receivable - Net

Vivid Seats INC.

NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, Accounts receivable – net was $46.3 million and $36.5 million, respectively.

$22.2 million and $18.9 million of the Accounts receivable balance at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, consisted of uncollateralized payment processor obligations due under normal trade terms typically requiring payment within three business days. Credit risk with respect to accounts receivable from payment processing entities is limited due to the consolidation of those receivables with large financial institutions and the frequency with which the receivables turn over.

$9.9 million and $1.0 million of the Accounts receivable balance at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, consisted of amounts due from marketplace ticket sellers for canceled events and costs of replacement tickets. We recorded an allowance for credit losses of $3.0 million and $0.1 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, to reflect potential challenges in collecting funds from marketplace ticket sellers. The allowance for credit losses increased during the six months ended June 30, 2023 as certain ticket sellers on the marketplace platform generated balances in excess of their existing payables, creating a greater risk of credit losses on these receivables.

$11.9 million and $11.7 million of the Accounts receivable balance at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, consisted of amounts due from distribution partners for cancellation charges, primarily related to canceled events. We recorded an allowance for credit losses of $4.4 million and $3.6 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, to reflect potential challenges in collecting funds from distribution partners, particularly for amounts due upon usage of store credit previously issued to buyers.

Accounts receivable balances are stated net of allowance for credit losses and bad debt expense is presented as a reduction of Revenues in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations.

There were no write-offs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022.

6. Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consist of the following (in thousands):


	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Recovery of future customer compensation	$	40,827	$	23,311
Prepaid expenses		5,121		6,032
Other current assets		660		569
Total prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	46,608	$	29,912

Recovery of future customer compensation represents expected recoveries of compensation to be paid to customers for event cancellations or other service issues related to previously recorded sales transactions. Recovery of future customer compensation costs increased by $17.5 million at June 30, 2023 compared to December 31, 2022 due to an increase in the reserve for future cancellations driven by higher volume of sales for future events. The provision related to these expected recoveries is included in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

7. Goodwill and Intangible Assets

Definite-lived intangible assets includes developed technology and customer relationships, which had a net carrying amount of $17.4 million and $17.3 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, and accumulated amortization of $14.3 million and $9.6 million at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Our goodwill is included in our Marketplace segment.

The net changes in the carrying amounts of our intangible assets and goodwill were as follows (in thousands):

Vivid Seats INC.

NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)


	Definite-lived Intangible Assets			Trademark		Goodwill
Balance at January 1, 2023	$	17,310		$	64,666	$	715,258
Capitalized development costs		4,667			—		—
Disposals		(10	)		—		—
Amortization		(4,602	)		—		—
Balance at June 30, 2023	$	17,365		$	64,666	$	715,258


	Definite-lived Intangible Assets			Trademark		Goodwill
Balance at January 1, 2022	$	13,845		$	64,666	$	718,204
Betcha acquisition adjustment		(890	)		—		(2,946	)
Capitalized development costs		5,394			—		—
Amortization		(2,948	)		—		—
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	15,401		$	64,666	$	715,258

We had recorded $563.2 million of cumulative impairment charges related to our intangible assets and goodwill as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Amortization expense on our definite-lived intangible assets was $2.3 million and $4.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $1.6 million and $2.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. Amortization expense is presented in Depreciation and amortization in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

8. Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities consist of the following (in thousands):


	June 30, 2023		December 31, 2022
Accrued marketing expense	$	31,061	$	26,873
Accrued taxes		540		542
Accrued customer credits		75,136		88,167
Accrued future customer compensation		47,314		30,181
Accrued contingencies		3,480		5,898
Accrued payroll		8,341		10,660
Other current liabilities		26,166		19,649
Total accrued expenses and other current liabilities	$	192,038	$	181,970

Accrued customer credits represent credits issued and outstanding for event cancellations or other service issues related to recorded sales transactions. The accrued amount is reduced by the amount of credits estimated to go unused, known as breakage, provided that the credits are not subject to escheatment. We estimate breakage based on historical usage trends and available data on comparable programs and recognize breakage in proportion to the pattern of redemption for customer credits. Our breakage estimate could be impacted by future activity differing from our estimates, the effects of which could be material.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, $2.6 million and $5.2 million of accrued customer credits were redeemed, respectively, and we recognized $6.1 million and $10.7 million of revenue from breakage, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, $7.5 million and $17.3 million of accrued customer credits were redeemed, respectively, and we recognized $2.6 million and $3.2 million of revenue from breakage, respectively. Breakage amounts are net of reductions in associated accounts receivable balances.

Vivid Seats INC.

NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

Accrued future customer compensation represents an estimate of the amount of customer compensation due from cancellation charges in the future. These provisions are based on historic experience, revenue volumes for future events, and management’s estimate of the likelihood of future event cancellations and are recognized as a component of Revenues in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The expected recoveries of these obligations are included in Prepaid expenses and other current assets in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. This estimated accrual could be impacted by future activity differing from our estimates, the effects of which could be material. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we recognized a net increase in revenue of $1.1 million and a net decrease in revenue of $0.2 million, respectively, and during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we recognized a net increase in revenue of $5.2 million and $3.4 million, respectively, from the reversals of previously recorded revenue and changes to accrued future customer compensation related to event cancellations where the performance obligations were satisfied in prior periods.

Accrued contingencies primarily decreased as a result of a milestone payment to Betcha Sports, Inc. ("Betcha," which was rebranded as "Vivid Picks") of $2.5 million in cash during the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Other current liabilities primarily increased as a result of accrued interest during the six months ended June 30, 2023.

9. Debt

Our outstanding debt is comprised of the following (in thousands):


	June 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
February 2022 First Lien Loan	$	271,563		$	272,938
Total long-term debt, gross		271,563			272,938
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs		(4,940	)		(5,290	)
Total long-term debt, net of issuance costs		266,623			267,648
Less: current portion		(2,750	)		(2,750	)
Total long-term debt, net	$	263,873		$	264,898

June 2017 Term Loans

On June 30, 2017, we entered into a $575.0 million first lien debt facility, comprised of a $50.0 million revolving credit facility and a $525.0 million term loan (the “June 2017 First Lien Loan”), and a second lien credit facility, comprised of a $185.0 million second lien term loan (the “June 2017 Second Lien Loan”). The June 2017 First Lien Loan was amended to upsize the committed amount by $115.0 million on July 2, 2018. On October 28, 2019, we paid off the June 2017 Second Lien Loan balance. The revolving credit facility component of the first lien debt facility was subsequently retired on May 22, 2020. On October 18, 2021, we made an early principal payment related to the June 2017 First Lien Loan of $148.2 million in connection with, and using the proceeds from, the merger transaction with Horizon Acquisition Corporation ("Merger Transaction") and a private investment in public equity. On February 3, 2022, we repaid $190.7 million of the outstanding balance of the June 2017 First Lien Loan and refinanced the remaining balance with a new $275.0 million term loan.

February 2022 First Lien Loan

On February 3, 2022, we entered into an amendment which refinanced the remaining balance of the June 2017 First Lien Loan with a new $275.0 million term loan (the "February 2022 First Lien Loan"), which has a maturity date of February 3, 2029 and added a new $100.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Facility”) with a maturity date of February 3, 2027. At June 30, 2023, we had no outstanding borrowings under our Revolving Facility.

The terms of the February 2022 First Lien Loan specify a secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) based floating interest rate and contain a springing financial covenant that requires compliance with a first lien net leverage ratio when revolver borrowings exceed certain levels. All obligations under the February 2022 First Lien Loan are

Vivid Seats INC.

NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

unconditionally guaranteed by Hoya Intermediate and substantially all of Hoya Intermediate’s existing and future direct and indirect wholly owned domestic subsidiaries. The February 2022 First Lien Loan requires quarterly amortization payments of $0.7 million. The Revolving Facility does not require periodic payments. All obligations under the February 2022 First Lien Loan are secured, subject to permitted liens and other exceptions, by first-priority perfected security interests in substantially all of our assets. The February 2022 First Lien Loan carries an interest rate of SOFR (subject to a 0.5% floor) plus 3.25%. The effective interest rate on the February 2022 First Lien Loan was 8.71% and 7.98% per annum at June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.

Our February 2022 First Lien Loan is held by third-party financial institutions and is carried at the outstanding principal balance, less debt issuance costs and any unamortized discount or premium. The fair value was estimated using quoted prices that are directly observable in the marketplace. Therefore, the fair value is estimated on a Level 2 basis. At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, the fair value of our February 2022 First Lien Loan approximated the carrying value.

We are subject to certain reporting and compliance-related covenants to remain in good standing under the February 2022 First Lien Loan. These covenants, among other things, limit our ability to incur additional indebtedness and, in certain circumstances, restrict our ability to enter into transactions with affiliates, create liens, merge or consolidate, and make certain payments. Non-compliance with these covenants and failure to remedy could result in the acceleration of the loans or foreclosure on the collateral. As of June 30, 2023, we were in compliance with all of our debt covenants related to the February 2022 First Lien Loan.

Due to the refinancing of the June 2017 First Lien Loan with the February 2022 First Lien Loan, we incurred a loss of $4.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, which is presented in Loss on extinguishment of debt in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

10. Financial Instruments

We issued the following warrants during the year ended December 31, 2021 in connection with the Merger Transaction:

Public Warrants

We issued warrants to purchase 18,132,776 shares of our Class A common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share ("Public Warrants") to former warrant holders of Horizon Acquisition Corporation, of which warrants to purchase 5,166,666 shares were issued to Horizon Sponsor, LLC. The Public Warrants are traded on the Nasdaq Stock Market under the symbol “SEATW.” As of June 30, 2023, there were 6,766,853 outstanding Public Warrants.

Private Warrants

We issued warrants to purchase 6,519,791 shares of our Class A common stock at an exercise price of $11.50 per share ("Private Warrants") to Horizon Sponsor, LLC. The Private Warrants have similar terms to the Public Warrants, except that the Private Warrants are not redeemable by us. As of June 30, 2023, there were 6,519,791 outstanding Private Warrants.

Exercise Warrants

We issued to Horizon Sponsor, LLC warrants to purchase 17,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock at an exercise price of $10.00 per share (“$10 Exercise Warrants”) and warrants to purchase 17,000,000 shares of our Class A common stock at an exercise of $15.00 per share (“$15 Exercise Warrants” together with the $10 Exercise Warrants, “Exercise Warrants”). The Exercise Warrants have similar terms to the Public Warrants, except that the Exercise Warrants have different exercise prices, an initial term of 10 years, are not redeemable by us, and are fully transferable. As of June 30, 2023, there were 17,000,000 $10 Exercise Warrants outstanding and 17,000,000 $15 Exercise Warrants outstanding.

Mirror Warrants

Vivid Seats INC.

NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

Hoya Intermediate issued to us warrants to purchase 17,000,000 of its common units (“Intermediate Units”) at an exercise price of $10.00 per unit (“$10 Mirror Warrants”), warrants to purchase 17,000,000 Intermediate Units at an exercise of $15.00 per unit (“$15 Mirror Warrants”), and warrants to purchase 24,652,557 Intermediate Units at an exercise price of $11.50 per unit (“$11.50 Mirror Warrants” together with the $10 Mirror Warrants and $15 Mirror Warrants, “Mirror Warrants”). The number and terms of the Mirror Warrants are identical to the Public, Private and Exercise Warrants, respectively. Upon the valid exercise of a Public, Private or Exercise Warrant, Hoya Intermediate will issue to us an equivalent number of Intermediate Units. Similarly, if a Public, Private or Exercise Warrant is tendered, an equivalent number of Mirror Warrants will be tendered. As of June 30, 2023, there were 17,000,000 $10 Mirror Warrants outstanding, 17,000,000 $15 Mirror Warrants outstanding and 13,286,644 $11.50 Mirror Warrants outstanding.

Hoya Intermediate Warrants

Hoya Intermediate issued to Hoya Topco, LLC (“Hoya Topco”) warrants to purchase 3,000,000 Intermediate Units at an exercise price of $10.00 per unit and warrants to purchase 3,000,000 Intermediate Units at an exercise of $15.00 per unit (collectively, the "Hoya Intermediate Warrants").

A portion of the Hoya Intermediate Warrants, consisting of warrants to purchase 1,000,000 Intermediate Units at exercise prices of $10.00 and $15.00 per unit, respectively (“Option Contingent Warrants”), were issued in tandem with stock options we issued to members of our management team (“Management Options”). The Option Contingent Warrants only become exercisable by Hoya Topco if a Management Option is forfeited or expires unexercised. As of June 30, 2023, 0.1 million Management Options were forfeited or expired.

Hoya Intermediate Warrants allow for cash redemption at the option of the warrant holder. Hence, the Hoya Intermediate Warrants are classified as a liability in Other liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Upon consummation of the Merger Transaction, we recorded a warrant liability of $20.4 million, reflecting the fair value of the Hoya Intermediate Warrants determined using the Black-Scholes model. Upon consummation of the Merger Transaction, the fair value of the Hoya Intermediate Warrants included Option Contingent Warrants of $1.6 million. The estimated fair value of the Option Contingent Warrants is adjusted to reflect the probability of forfeiture of the corresponding Management Options based on historical forfeiture rates for Hoya Topco profits interests.

The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of the Hoya Intermediate Warrants and the Option Contingent Warrants:


	June 30, 2023			December 31, 2022
Estimated volatility		38.0	%		39.0	%
Expected term (years)		8.3			8.8
Risk-free rate		3.9	%		3.9	%
Expected dividend yield		0.0	%		0.0	%

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, the fair value of the Hoya Intermediate Warrants and the Option Contingent Warrants increased by $1.0 million and $0.7 million, respectively, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 decreased by $8.8 million and $6.6 million, respectively, which is presented in Other (income) expense on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Upon the valid exercise of a Hoya Intermediate Warrant for Intermediate Units, we will issue an equivalent amount of shares of our Class B common stock to Hoya Topco.

Other financial instruments, including accounts receivable and accounts payable, are carried at cost, which approximates their fair value because of the short-term nature of these instruments.

Share Repurchase Program

Vivid Seats INC.

NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

On May 25, 2022, our board of directors (“Board”) authorized a share repurchase program of our Class A common stock of up to $40.0 million ("Repurchase Program"). The Repurchase Program was announced on May 26, 2022 and its authorization was fully utilized during 2022 and during the three months ended March 31, 2023. Cumulatively under the Repurchase Program, we repurchased 5.3 million shares of our Class A common stock for $40.0 million and paid $0.1 million in commissions. The share repurchases are accounted for as Treasury stock in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We made no share repurchases during the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Secondary Offering

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, we completed a public offering of 18,400,000 shares of our Class A common stock, comprised of 16,000,000 shares sold on May 22, 2023 and 2,400,000 shares sold on June 15, 2023 pursuant to the full exercise by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares (the "Secondary Offering"). The shares were sold at a public offering price of $8.00 per share and were purchased by the underwriters from Hoya Topco (the "Selling Stockholder") at a price of $7.68 per share. The Selling Stockholder exchanged 18,400,000 shares of our Class B common stock and 18,400,000 Intermediate Units for the shares of our Class A common stock that it sold in the Secondary Offering. We did not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the shares by the Selling Stockholder in the Secondary Offering. In connection with the Secondary Offering, we incurred $1.5 million of expenses, which are included within General and administrative expenses in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

11. Commitments and Contingencies

Litigation

From time to time, we are involved in various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business, none of which, in the opinion of management, could have a material effect on our business, financial position or results of operations other than those matters discussed herein.

We are a co-defendant in a class action lawsuit in Canada alleging a failure to disclose service fees prior to checkout, which we have settled. On January 5, 2022, we issued coupons to certain members of the class. Other members were notified in 2022 that they are eligible to submit a claim for a coupon, which they received in 2023. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, a liability of $0.9 million was recorded in Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets related to expected claim submissions and credit redemptions as of the measurement date.

We received multiple class action lawsuits related to customer compensation for cancellations, primarily as a result of COVID-19 restrictions. A final order approving settlement of one of the lawsuits was entered by the court on November 1, 2021. As such, after insurance, $4.5 million was funded to a claims settlement pool in 2021 and fully disbursed in 2022. A settlement was reached in another of the lawsuits in July 2022 which established a separate claims settlement pool of up to $2.5 million. That settlement received final approval from the court on January 31, 2023 and the settlement pool will be funded in 2023. As of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, we had accrued a liability of $0.1 million and $1.6 million, respectively, within Accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets related to these matters.

We are a defendant in a lawsuit related to an alleged violation of the Illinois Biometric Information Privacy Act. We deny these allegations and intend to vigorously defend against this lawsuit. Based on the information currently available, we are unable to reasonably estimate a possible loss or range of possible losses. As a result, no litigation reserve has been recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets related to this matter.

Other

Vivid Seats INC.

NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

In 2018, the U.S. Supreme Court issued its decision in South Dakota v. Wayfair Inc., which overturned previous case law that had precluded states from imposing sales tax collection requirements on retailers without a physical presence in the state. In response, most states have already adopted laws that attempt to impose tax collection obligations on out-of-state companies, and we have registered and are collecting tax, where required by statute. However, states or local governments may continue to adopt laws requiring that we calculate, collect, and remit taxes on sales in their jurisdictions. A successful assertion by one or more jurisdictions could result in tax liabilities, including taxes on past sales, as well as penalties and interest. Based on our analysis of certain state regulations, specifically related to marketplace facilitators and ticket sales, we do not believe risk of loss is probable on historical revenue activities where tax has not already been remitted. We continuously monitor state regulations and will implement required collection and remittance procedures if and when we are subject to such regulations.

12. Related-Party Transactions

Vivid Cheers Inc.

In December 2020, Vivid Cheers Inc. (“Vivid Cheers”) was incorporated as a non-profit organization within the meaning of Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "IRC"). Vivid Cheers’ mission is to support causes and organizations dedicated to healthcare, education, and support of workers in the live events industry during times of need. We have the right to elect the board of directors of Vivid Cheers, which currently comprises our executives. We do not have a controlling financial interest in Vivid Cheers and, accordingly, do not consolidate its statement of activities with our financial results. We made no charitable contributions to Vivid Cheers during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023. We made charitable contributions to Vivid Cheers of less than $0.1 million and $0.6 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022. We had no accrued charitable contributions payable as of June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

Viral Nation Inc.

Viral Nation Inc. ("Viral Nation") is a marketing agency that creates viral and social media influencer campaigns and provides advertising, marketing, and technology services. Todd Boehly, a member of our Board, is the co-founder, Chairman and CEO of Eldridge Industries, which owns in excess of 25% of Viral Nation. We incurred an expense of less than $0.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and $0.5 million and $0.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, which is presented in Marketing and selling expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Rolling Stone

Rolling Stone is a high-profile magazine and media platform that focuses on music, film, TV, and news coverages. Todd Boehly, a member of our Board, is the co-founder, Chairman and CEO of Eldridge Industries, which owns in excess of 20% of Rolling Stone. We incurred an expense of $0.3 million and $0.6 million as part of our multifaceted partnership with Rolling Stone for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, which is presented in Marketing and selling expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. We incurred no expense and an expense of $0.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

Khoros, LLC

Khoros, LLC ("Khoros") is a social media engagement and management platform. Martin Taylor, a member of our Board, is a principal at Vista Equity Partners, which is one of our investors and a majority owner of Khoros. We incurred an expense of less than $0.1 million and $0.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and less than $0.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, which is presented in General and administrative expenses on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Vivid Seats INC.

NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

Tax Receivable Agreement

In connection with the Merger Transaction, we entered into a Tax Receivable Agreement with the existing Hoya Intermediate shareholders that provides for our payment to such shareholders of 85% of the amount of the tax savings, if any, that we realize (or, under certain circumstances, are deemed to realize) as a result of, or attributable to, (i) increases in the tax basis of assets owned directly or indirectly by Hoya Intermediate or its subsidiaries from, among other things, any redemptions or exchanges of Intermediate Units, (ii) existing tax basis (including depreciation and amortization deductions arising from such tax basis) in long-lived assets owned directly or indirectly by Hoya Intermediate and its subsidiaries, and (iii) certain other tax benefits (including deductions in respect of imputed interest) related to us making payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement.

In conjunction with the Secondary Offering, Hoya Topco exchanged Intermediate Units, and as a result, we recorded a liability of $99.0 million and a deferred tax asset of $52.8 million related to the Secondary Offering as well as the projected payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement, with a corresponding reduction to additional paid-in capital of $46.1 million. Tax Receivable Agreement-related liabilities are classified as current or long-term based on the expected date of payment. As of June 30, 2023, there are no amounts due within 12 months and, therefore, the entire liability is included in Tax Receivable Agreement liability within long-term liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

13. Income Taxes

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we recorded a $24.5 million and $24.2 million income tax benefit in continuing operations, respectively. Our effective income tax rate differs from the 21% U.S. federal statutory rate largely due to the release of our valuation allowance on our U.S. net operating losses, interest limitations, and tax credit carryforwards of which $25.3 million was recorded as a discrete tax benefit during the quarter.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, we recorded a less than $0.1 million income tax expense in continuing operations. The June 30, 2022 income tax provision was primarily a result of state taxes.

As of June 30, 2023, our deferred tax assets were primarily the result of our investments in partnership, net operating losses, interest limitations, and tax credit carryforwards. In prior periods, a full valuation allowance was maintained against our U.S. deferred tax assets on the basis of management’s reassessment of the amount of the deferred tax assets that are more likely than not to be realized. As of each reporting date, management considers new evidence, both positive and negative, that could affect its view of the future realization of deferred tax assets. As of June 30, 2023, in part because in the current year we achieved three years of cumulative pretax income in the U.S. federal tax jurisdiction, management determined that there is sufficient positive evidence to conclude that it is more likely than not that additional deferred tax assets of $31.3 million associated with our investments in partnership, U.S. net operating losses, interest limitations, and tax credit carryforwards are realizable. We therefore reduced the valuation allowance accordingly in the second quarter of 2023. We maintain a partial valuation allowance on our investments in partnership related to the portion of the basis difference that will only reverse upon the sale of our interests, which would result in a capital loss that we do not expect to be able to utilize. Certain tax attributes remain subject to an annual limitation under Section 382 of the IRC as a result of the historical acquisitions.

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, we received a refund associated with our 2021 tax filing in the amount of $7.8 million, including interest. A long-term unrecognized tax benefit liability was established in connection with this amount during the quarter as the refund benefit remains uncertain.

Tax Receivable Agreement

Vivid Seats INC.

NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

capital of $46.1 million. Payments pursuant to the Tax Receivable Agreement relating to the Secondary Offering are expected to begin during the year ending December 31, 2025.

Amounts payable under the Tax Receivable Agreement are contingent upon the generation of future taxable income over the term of the Tax Receivable Agreement and future changes in tax laws. If we do not generate sufficient taxable income in the aggregate over the term of the Tax Receivable Agreement to utilize the tax benefits, then we would not be required to make the related payments. As of June 30, 2023, we estimate that the tax savings associated with all tax attributes described above would aggregate to approximately $116.4 million. Under this scenario we would be required to pay approximately 85% of such amount, or $99.0 million, primarily over the next 15 years. As of June 30, 2023, there are no amounts due within 12 months.

14. Equity-Based Compensation

The 2021 Incentive Award Plan ("2021 Plan") was approved and adopted in order to facilitate the grant of equity incentive awards to our employees, directors and consultants. The 2021 Plan became effective on October 18, 2021 upon closing of the Merger Transaction.

Restricted Stock Units ("RSUs")

In March 2023, we granted 2.5 million RSUs to certain of our employees at a weighted average grant date fair value of $7.17 per share. In May 2023, we granted less than 0.1 million RSUs to certain of our employees at a weighted average grant date fair value of $7.67 per share. RSUs granted to employees vest over three years, with one-third vesting on the one-year anniversary of the grant date and the remaining portion vesting on a quarterly basis thereafter, subject to the employee’s continued employment through the applicable vesting date.

In June 2023, we granted 0.1 million RSUs to our directors at a weighted average grant date fair value of $7.68 per share. RSUs granted to directors fully vest on the earlier of (i) one day prior to the date of our first annual meeting of stockholders following the grant date and (ii) the one-year anniversary of the grant date, subject to the director's continued service on our Board.

In June 2023, we granted less than 0.1 million RSUs to certain of our consultants at a weighted average grant date fair value of $7.98 per share. RSUs granted to consultants vest in equal annual installments over three years, subject to the consultant's continued service.

We account for forfeitures of outstanding, but unvested grants, in the period they occur. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, 0.1 million RSUs were forfeited. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, less than 0.1 million and 0.1 million RSUs were forfeited, respectively.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, 0.2 million and 0.7 million RSUs vested, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, less than 0.1 million and 0.1 million RSUs vested, respectively. At June 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, there were 4.3 million and 2.6 million RSUs outstanding, respectively.

Vivid Seats INC.

NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

Stock options

In March 2023, we granted 3.6 million stock options to certain of our employees at an exercise price of $7.17. The grant date fair value of the stock options is $3.30 per option. Stock options provide for the purchase of shares of our Class A common stock in the future at an exercise price set on the grant date. These stock options vest over three years, with one-third vesting on the one-year anniversary of the grant date and the remaining portion vesting on a quarterly basis thereafter. The stock options have a contractual term of ten years from the grant date, subject to the employee’s continued employment through the applicable vesting date. The fair value of stock options granted is estimated on the grant date using the Black-Scholes model.

In June 2023, we granted 0.9 million stock options divided into three tranches, 0.2 million, 0.3 million and 0.4 million, respectively, to certain of our consultants at exercise prices of $7.98, $17.00 and $23.00, respectively. The grant date fair value of the stock options is $3.22, $1.87 and $1.44 per option, respectively. Stock options provide for the purchase of shares of our Class A common stock in the future at an exercise price set on the grant date. These stock options vest in equal annual installments over three years. The stock options have a contractual term of seven years from the grant date, subject to the consultants' continued service through the applicable vesting date. The fair value of stock options granted is estimated on the grant date using the Hull White model.

The following assumptions were used to calculate the fair value of our stock options:


	June 14, 2023			March 10, 2023
Volatility		42.0	%		42.0	%
Expected term (years)		7.0			5.9
Risk-free rate		4.0	%		3.9	%
Dividend yield		0.0	%		0.0	%

At June 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, there were 10.6 million and 6.1 million stock options outstanding, respectively. No stock options were exercised during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, less than 0.1 million stock options were forfeited or expired. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, no stock options were forfeited or expired.

Compensation expense

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, equity-based compensation expense related to RSUs was $3.9 million and $6.6 million, respectively, compared to $2.4 million and $3.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense relating to unvested RSUs as of June 30, 2023 was $39.3 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately two years.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, equity-based compensation expense related to stock options was $2.7 million and $4.5 million, respectively, compared to $1.8 million and $2.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense relating to unvested stock options as of June 30, 2023 was $28.2 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately two years.

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, equity-based compensation expense related to profit interests was $1.0 million and $2.0 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, equity-based compensation expense related to profit interests was $1.2 million and $2.3 million, respectively. Unrecognized compensation expense relating to these profit interests as of June 30, 2023 was $2.5 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately two years.

Vivid Seats INC.

NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

15. Earnings Per Share

We calculate basic and diluted net income per share of Class A common stock in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings per Share. Our Class B common stock does not have economic rights in our Company and, as a result, is not considered a participating security for basic and diluted income per share. As such, basic and diluted income per share of our Class B common stock has not been presented. However, holders of our Class B common stock are allocated income in Hoya Intermediate (our operating entity) according to their weighted average percentage ownership of Intermediate Units during each quarter.

Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests is calculated by multiplying Hoya Intermediate's net income for each quarterly period by Hoya Topco's weighted average percentage ownership of Intermediate Units during the period. Hoya Topco has the right to exchange its Intermediate Units for shares of our Class A common stock on a one-to-one basis or for cash proceeds of equal value at the time of redemption. The option to redeem Intermediate Units for cash proceeds must be approved by our Board, which as of June 30, 2023, is controlled by investors in Hoya Topco. The ability to put Intermediate Units is solely within the control of the holder of the redeemable noncontrolling interests. If Hoya Topco elects for a redemption to be settled in cash, the cash used to settle the redemption must be funded through a private or public offering of our Class A common stock and is subject to our Board's approval.

The following table provides net income attributable to Hoya Topco's redeemable noncontrolling interests (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Net income—Hoya Intermediate	$	13,646		$	24,060		$	44,002		$	27,198
Hoya Topco’s weighted average % allocation of Hoya Intermediate's net income		55.8	%		59.9	%		58.4	%		59.9	%
Net income attributable to Hoya Topco's redeemable noncontrolling interests	$	7,614		$	14,405		$	25,704		$	16,284

Net income attributable to Class A common stockholders–basic is calculated by subtracting the portion of Hoya Intermediate's net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests from our total net income, which includes our net income for activities outside of our investment in Hoya Intermediate as well as the full results of Hoya Intermediate on a consolidated basis.

Net income per Class A common stock–diluted is based on the average number of shares of our Class A common stock used for the basic earnings per share calculation, adjusted for the weighted-average number of Class A common share equivalents outstanding for the period determined using the treasury stock method and if-converted method, as applicable. Net income attributable to Class A common stockholders–diluted is adjusted for (i) our share of Hoya Intermediate’s consolidated net income after giving effect to Intermediate Units that convert into potential shares of our Class A common stock, to the extent it is dilutive, and (ii) the impact of changes in the fair value of Hoya Intermediate Warrants, to the extent they are dilutive.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share of Class A common stock for the periods in which shares of our Class A and Class B common stock were outstanding (in thousands, except share and per share data):

Vivid Seats INC.

NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Numerator—basic:
Net income	$	38,326	$	24,060	$	68,598	$	27,198
Less: Income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests		7,614		14,405		25,704		16,284
Net income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders—basic		30,712		9,655		42,894		10,914
Denominator—basic:
Weighted average Class A common stock outstanding—basic		85,269,196		79,256,354		81,319,369		79,204,430
Net income per Class A common stock—basic	$	0.36	$	0.12	$	0.53	$	0.14

Numerator—diluted:
Net income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders—basic	$	30,712	$	9,655	$	42,894	$	10,914
Net income effect of dilutive securities:
Effect of Exercise Warrants		—		—		—		43
Effect of RSUs		18		—		47		1
Effect of noncontrolling interests		8,765		—		25,605		—
Net income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders—diluted		39,495		9,655		68,546		10,958
Denominator—diluted:
Weighted average Class A common stock outstanding—basic		85,269,196		79,256,354		81,319,369		79,204,430
Weighted average effect of dilutive securities:
Effect of Noncontrolling Interests		110,662,222		—		114,451,934		—
Effect of Exercise Warrants		—		—		—		517,812
Effect of RSUs		446,052		2,663		356,956		15,340
Weighted average Class A common stock outstanding—diluted		196,377,470		79,259,017		196,128,259		79,737,582
Net income per Class A common stock—diluted	$	0.20	$	0.12	$	0.35	$	0.14

Vivid Seats INC.

NOTES to the CONDENSED Consolidated Financial Statements

(UNAUDITED)

Potential shares of Class A common stock are excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share of Class A common stock if their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the period presented or if the issuance of shares is contingent upon events that did not occur by the end of the period. The dilution reflected in diluted net income per share of Class A common stock during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 relates primarily to an assumed conversion of our noncontrolling interests to Class A common stock, which would not have a commensurate effect on net income, primarily due to the release of the valuation allowance which benefit is attributable to VSI only.

The following table presents potentially dilutive securities excluded from the computation of diluted net income per share of Class A common stock for the periods presented that could potentially dilute earnings per share in the future:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
RSUs		1,726,048		2,838,717		1,065,396		1,418,091
Stock options		10,597,528		6,660,995		10,597,528		6,660,995
Public Warrants and Private Warrants		13,286,644		13,286,644		13,286,644		13,286,644
Exercise Warrants		34,000,000		34,000,000		34,000,000		17,000,000
Hoya Intermediate Warrants		6,000,000		6,000,000		6,000,000		6,000,000
Noncontrolling Interests		—		118,200,000		—		118,200,000

16. Subsequent Events

In July 2023, we made a $6.0 million investment in a privately held company pursuant to a convertible promissory note (the “Note”). Interest on the Note accrues at 8% per annum and outstanding principal and accrued interest is due and payable on July 3, 2030. We also received a warrant to purchase up to 1,874,933 shares of the privately held company's stock, which is exercisable until the date three years after the Note is repaid, subject to certain accelerating events.

On August 4, 2023, we entered into a definitive agreement to acquire 100% ownership of WD Holdings Co., Ltd., an online ticket marketplace headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. The agreed upon purchase price was JPY 10,935.6 million, or approximately $77.2 million based on the exchange rate in effect on that date. We plan to finance the transaction at closing with cash on hand, as well as cash balances acquired in the transaction. The transaction is expected to close in the third quarter of 2023, subject to regulatory requirements and other customary closing conditions.

VIVID SEATS INC.

Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

This discussion and analysis is intended to help readers understand our results of operations and financial condition and is provided as an addition to, and should be read together with, our condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included elsewhere in this Report, as well as our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes contained in our 2022 Form 10-K. This discussion contains forward-looking statements, which are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. Important factors that could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, those set forth in the “Risk Factors” sections of this Report, our 2022 Form 10-K and our other filings with the SEC.

Overview

We are an online ticket marketplace that utilizes our technology platform to connect fans of live events seamlessly with ticket sellers. Our mission is to empower and enable fans to Experience It Live. We believe in the power of shared experiences to connect people with live events delivering some of life’s most exciting moments. We operate a technology platform and marketplace that enables ticket buyers to easily discover and purchase tickets from ticket sellers while enabling ticket sellers to seamlessly manage their operations. We differentiate from competitors by offering an extensive breadth and depth of ticket listings at a competitive value. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, our revenues were $165.4 million and $326.4 million, respectively, and our Marketplace Gross Order Value ("Marketplace GOV") was $953.7 million and $1,809.3 million, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, our revenues were $147.7 million and $278.5 million, respectively, and our Marketplace GOV was $814.8 million and $1,557.0 million, respectively. Our net income was $38.3 million and $68.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $24.1 million and $27.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

Our Business Model

We operate our business in two segments, Marketplace and Resale.

Marketplace

In our Marketplace segment, we act as an intermediary between ticket buyers and sellers. We earn revenue processing ticket sales from our Owned Properties, consisting of the Vivid Seats website and mobile applications, and from our Private Label Offering, which is comprised of numerous distribution partners. Our Marketplace segment also includes our daily fantasy sports offering, where users partake in contests by making picks from a variety of sport and player matchups. Using our online platform, we facilitate customer payments, deposits and withdrawals, coordinate ticket deliveries, and provide customer service to our ticket buyers and sellers and daily fantasy sports users. We do not hold ticket inventory in our Marketplace segment.

We primarily earn revenue from service and delivery fees charged to ticket buyers. We also earn referral fee revenue by offering event ticket insurance to ticket buyers, using a third-party insurance provider. The revenue we earn from our daily fantasy sports offering is the difference between cash entry fees collected and cash amounts paid out to users for winning picks, less customer promotions and incentives in a period.

We incur costs for developing and maintaining our platform, providing back-office and customer support to ticket buyers, sellers and daily fantasy sports users, facilitating payments and deposits, and shipping non-electronic tickets. We also incur substantial marketing costs, primarily related to online advertising.

A key component of our platform is Skybox, a proprietary enterprise resource planning ("ERP") tool used by the majority of our ticket sellers. Skybox is a free-to-use system that helps ticket sellers manage ticket inventories, adjust pricing, and fulfill orders across multiple ticket resale marketplaces. Professional ticket sellers use an ERP to manage their operations, and Skybox is their most widely adopted ERP.

Resale

In our Resale segment, we acquire tickets to resell on secondary ticketing marketplaces, including our own. Our Resale segment also provides internal research and development support for Skybox and our ongoing efforts to deliver industry-leading seller software and tools.

Key Business Metrics and Non-GAAP Financial Measure

We use the following metrics to evaluate our performance, identify trends, formulate financial projections, and make strategic decisions. We believe these metrics provide useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our results of operations in the same manner as our management team.

The following table summarizes our key business metrics and non-GAAP financial measure (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		2023		2022
Marketplace GOV(1)	$	953,739	$	814,817	$	1,809,267	$	1,556,955
Total Marketplace orders(2)		2,627		2,410		4,902		4,429
Total Resale orders(3)		76		67		163		135
Adjusted EBITDA(4)	$	31,077	$	30,329	$	73,512	$	51,341

(1)

Marketplace GOV represents the total transactional amount of Marketplace segment orders placed on our platform in a period, inclusive of fees, exclusive of taxes, and net of event cancellations that occurred during that period. Marketplace GOV was negatively impacted by event cancellations in the amount of $11.7 million and $23.8 million during the three and six months ended June 30 2023, respectively, and $14.7 million and $49.5 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

(2)

Total Marketplace orders represent the volume of Marketplace segment orders placed on our platform in a period, net of event cancellations that occurred during that period. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, our Marketplace segment experienced 29,351 and 49,831 event cancellations, respectively, compared to 35,916 and 127,316 event cancellations during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

(3)

Total Resale orders represent the volume of Resale segment orders in a period, net of event cancellations that occurred during that period. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, our Resale segment experienced 827 and 1,512 event cancellations, respectively, compared to 711 and 3,270 event cancellations during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

(4)

Adjusted EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure. We believe Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our results of operations, as well as provides a useful measure for making period-to-period comparisons of our business performance. Refer to the “Adjusted EBITDA” section below for more information and a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to its most directly comparable GAAP measure.

Marketplace GOV

Marketplace GOV is a key driver of our Marketplace segment revenue. Marketplace GOV represents the total transactional amount of Marketplace orders in a period, inclusive of fees, exclusive of taxes, and net of event cancellations that occurred during that period. Marketplace GOV reflects our ability to attract and retain customers, as well as the overall health of the industry.

Our Marketplace GOV is impacted by seasonality, and typically sees increased activity in the fourth quarter when all major sports leagues are in season and we experience increases in order volume for theater events during the holiday season and concert on-sales for the subsequent year. Quarterly fluctuations in our Marketplace GOV result from the number of cancellations, the popularity and demand of performers, tours, teams, and events, and the length and team composition of sports playoff series and championship games. Due to the Taylor Swift record-setting “Eras” tour, we expect relatively higher Marketplace GOV in the first half of 2023 compared to our normal seasonal patterns.

Total Marketplace Orders

Total Marketplace orders represent the volume of Marketplace segment orders placed on our platform in a period, net of event cancellations that occurred during that period. An order can include one or more tickets and/or parking passes. Total Marketplace orders allow us to monitor order volume and better identify trends within our Marketplace segment.

Total Resale Orders

Total Resale orders represent the volume of Resale segment orders in a period, net of event cancellations that occurred during that period. An order can include one or more tickets and/or parking passes. Total Resale orders allow us to monitor order volume and better identify trends within our Resale segment.

Adjusted EBITDA

We present Adjusted EBITDA, which is a non-GAAP financial measure, because it is a measure frequently used by analysts, investors, and other interested parties to evaluate companies in our industry. Further, we believe this measure is helpful in highlighting trends in our operating results because it excludes the impact of items that are outside the control of management or not reflective of ongoing performance related directly to the operation of our business.

Adjusted EBITDA is a key measure used by our management internally to make operating decisions, including those related to analyzing operating expenses, evaluating performance, and performing strategic planning and annual budgeting. Moreover, we believe Adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our results of operations, as well as provides a useful measure for making period-to-period comparisons of our business performance and highlighting trends in our operating results.

Adjusted EBITDA is not based on any comprehensive set of accounting rules or principles and should not be considered a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP. Adjusted EBITDA does not reflect all amounts associated with our operating results as determined in accordance with GAAP and may exclude recurring costs, such as interest expense, equity-based compensation, litigation, settlements and related costs and change in value of warrants. In addition, other companies may calculate Adjusted EBITDA differently than us, thereby limiting its usefulness as a comparative tool. We compensate for these limitations by providing specific information regarding the GAAP amounts excluded from Adjusted EBITDA.

The following is a reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to its most directly comparable GAAP measure, net income (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022			2023			2022
Net income	$	38,326		$	24,060		$	68,598		$	27,198
Income tax expense (benefit)		(24,485	)		—			(24,200	)		76
Interest expense – net		2,772			2,699			6,052			6,641
Depreciation and amortization		2,704			1,726			5,302			3,111
Sales tax liability(1)		—			2,010			—			2,932
Transaction costs(2)		4,488			2,345			4,944			3,747
Equity-based compensation(3)		7,380			5,312			12,910			8,909
Loss on extinguishment of debt(4)		—			—			—			4,285
Litigation, settlements and related costs(5)		(66	)		1,009			234			995
Change in fair value of warrants(6)		1,000			(8,832	)		673			(6,553	)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration(7)		(1,052	)		—			(1,018	)		—
Loss on asset disposals(8)		10			—			17			—
Adjusted EBITDA	$	31,077		$	30,329		$	73,512		$	51,341

(1)

We have historically incurred sales tax expense in jurisdictions where we expected to remit sales tax payments but were not yet collecting from customers. During the second half of 2021, we began collecting sales tax from customers in the required jurisdictions. The sales tax liability presented herein represents the tax liability for sales tax prior to the date we began collecting sales tax from customers reduced by abatements received, inclusive of any penalties and interest assessed by the jurisdictions. The remaining historic sales tax liability payments were made during the year ended December 31, 2022.

(2)

Transaction costs consist of legal, accounting, tax and other professional fees; personnel-related costs, which consist of retention bonuses; and integration costs. Transaction costs recognized in 2023 were primarily related to expenses incurred in connection with the Secondary Offering, expenses incurred for strategic investments and legal expenses and retention bonuses related to our acquisition of Betcha (which was rebranded as "Vivid Picks"). Transaction costs recognized in 2022 were primarily related to the Merger Transaction, our acquisition of Betcha and the refinancing of the June 2017 First Lien Loan with the February 2022 First Lien Loan.

(3)

We incur equity-based compensation expenses for profits interests issued prior to the Merger Transaction and equity granted pursuant to the 2021 Plan, which we do not consider to be indicative of our core operating performance. The 2021 Plan was approved and adopted in order to facilitate the grant of equity incentive awards to our employees, directors and consultants. The 2021 Plan became effective on October 18, 2021.

(4)

Losses incurred resulted from the extinguishment of the June 2017 First Lien Loan in February 2022.

(5)

These amounts relate to external legal costs, settlement costs and insurance recoveries, which were unrelated to our core business operations.

(6)

This relates to the revaluation of warrants to purchase Intermediate Units held by Hoya Topco following the Merger Transaction.

(7)

This relates to the revaluation of Vivid Picks cash earnouts.

(8)

This relates to asset disposals, which are not considered indicative of our core operating performance.

Key Factors Affecting our Performance

There have been no material changes from the “Key Factors Affecting Our Performance” described in the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” section of our 2022 Form 10-K. Our financial position and results of operations depend to a significant extent on those factors.

Results of Operations

Comparison of the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2023 and 2022

The following table sets forth our results of operations (in thousands, except percentages):


	Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022			Change			% Change			2023			2022			Change			% Change
Revenues	$	165,380		$	147,694		$	17,686			12	%	$	326,443		$	278,466		$	47,977			17	%
Costs and expenses:
Cost of revenues (exclusive of depreciation and amortization shown separately below)		42,616			32,422			10,194			31	%		80,376			64,586			15,790			24	%
Marketing and selling		65,192			59,412			5,780			10	%		119,964			113,640			6,324			6	%
General and administrative		38,307			36,207			2,100			6	%		70,696			65,482			5,214			8	%
Depreciation and amortization		2,704			1,726			978			57	%		5,302			3,111			2,191			70	%
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		(1,052	)		—			(1,052	)		100	%		(1,018	)		—			(1,018	)		100	%
Income from operations		17,613			17,927			(314	)		(2	)%		51,123			31,647			19,476			62	%
Other (income) expense:
Interest expense – net		2,772			2,699			73			3	%		6,052			6,641			(589	)		(9	)%
Loss on extinguishment of debt		—			—			—			—	%		—			4,285			(4,285	)		(100	)%
Other (income) expense		1,000			(8,832	)		9,832			111	%		673			(6,553	)		7,226			110	%
Income before income taxes		13,841			24,060			(10,219	)		(42	)%		44,398			27,274			17,124			63	%
Income tax expense (benefit)		(24,485	)		—			(24,485	)		100	%		(24,200	)		76			(24,276	)		(31,942	)%
Net income		38,326			24,060			14,266			59	%		68,598			27,198			41,400			152	%
Net income attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests		7,614			14,405			(6,791	)		(47	)%		25,704			16,284			9,420			58	%
Net income attributable to Class A Common Stockholders	$	30,712		$	9,655		$	21,057			218	%	$	42,894		$	10,914		$	31,980			293	%

Revenues

The following table presents revenues by segment (in thousands, except percentages):


	Three Months Ended June 30,									Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		Change		% Change			2023		2022		Change		% Change
Revenues:
Marketplace	$	139,150	$	129,914	$	9,236		7	%	$	275,731	$	240,430	$	35,301		15	%
Resale		26,230		17,780		8,450		48	%		50,712		38,036		12,676		33	%
Total revenues	$	165,380	$	147,694	$	17,686		12	%	$	326,443	$	278,466	$	47,977		17	%

Total revenues increased $17.7 million, or 12%, during the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022 and increased $48.0 million, or 17%, during the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase, which occurred in both our Marketplace and Resale segments, resulted primarily from an increase in new orders processed and an increase in average order size, which is calculated by dividing Marketplace GOV by Total Marketplace Orders. A portion of the increase was also attributable to negative impacts in early 2022 from the Omicron variant of COVID-19 and other abnormally high cancellations.

Marketplace

The following table presents Marketplace revenues by event category (in thousands, except percentages):


	Three Months Ended June 30,										Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		Change			% Change			2023		2022		Change			% Change
Revenues:
Concerts	$	77,741	$	65,816	$	11,925			18	%	$	152,620	$	124,489	$	28,131			23	%
Sports		45,349		51,285		(5,936	)		(12	)%		90,949		90,200		749			1	%
Theater		15,527		11,856		3,671			31	%		30,917		24,471		6,446			26	%
Other		533		957		(424	)		(44	)%		1,245		1,270		(25	)		(2	)%
Total Marketplace revenues	$	139,150	$	129,914	$	9,236			7	%	$	275,731	$	240,430	$	35,301			15	%

Marketplace revenues increased $9.2 million, or 7%, during the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022 and increased $35.3 million, or 15%, during the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase resulted from an increase in new orders processed and an increase in average order size, driven by increased revenues in our concert and theater categories. Record demand for the Taylor Swift “Eras” tour also contributed to the increase for both periods. A portion of the increase during the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022 was also attributable to negative impacts in early 2022 from the Omicron variant of COVID-19 and other abnormally high cancellations.

Total Marketplace orders increased 216,954, or 9%, during the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022 and increased 473,004, or 11%, during the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022.

Cancellation charges, which are recognized as a reduction of revenues, were $5.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $5.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2022, and $8.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to $21.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. Cancellation charges for the six months ended June 30, 2023 were lower than the six months ended June 30, 2022 due to negative impacts in early 2022 from the Omicron variant of COVID-19 and other abnormally high cancellations.

Marketplace revenues by business model consisted of the following (in thousands, except percentages):


	Three Months Ended June 30,									Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		Change		% Change			2023		2022		Change		% Change
Revenues:
Owned Properties	$	103,413	$	98,564	$	4,849		5	%	$	206,228	$	182,230	$	23,998		13	%
Private Label		35,737		31,350		4,387		14	%		69,503		58,200		11,303		19	%
Total Marketplace revenues	$	139,150	$	129,914	$	9,236		7	%	$	275,731	$	240,430	$	35,301		15	%

The increase in revenue from Owned Properties during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023 resulted from an increase in new orders processed and an increase in average order size. A portion of the increase during the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022 was also attributable to negative impacts in early 2022 from the Omicron variant of COVID-19 and other abnormally high cancellations.

Within our Marketplace segment, we also earn referral fee revenue by offering event ticket insurance to ticket buyers, using a third-party insurance provider. Our referral fee revenue was $7.4 million and $14.6 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, and $8.8 million and $18.3 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. The decrease for both periods was due to declining insurance attachment rates to orders following abnormally high rates during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic and following the resumption of live events in 2021 and 2022.

Resale

Resale revenues increased $8.5 million, or 48%, during the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022 and increased $12.7 million, or 33%, during the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30 2022. The increase resulted primarily from higher order volume.

Total Resale orders increased 9,540, or 13%, during the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022 and increased 28,245, or 21%, during the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. Cancellation charges, which are classified as a reduction of revenues, negatively impacted Resale revenue by $0.2 million and $0.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, compared to $0.4 million and $0.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, due to an increase in the reserve for future cancellations.

Cost of Revenues (exclusive of Depreciation and Amortization)

The following table presents cost of revenues by segment (in thousands, except percentages):


	Three Months Ended June 30,									Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		Change		% Change			2023		2022		Change		% Change
Cost of revenues:
Marketplace	$	22,766	$	18,553	$	4,213		23	%	$	42,826	$	34,962	$	7,864		22	%
Resale		19,850		13,869		5,981		43	%		37,550		29,624		7,926		27	%
Total cost of revenues	$	42,616	$	32,422	$	10,194		31	%	$	80,376	$	64,586	$	15,790		24	%

Total cost of revenues increased $10.2 million, or 31%, for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022, and increased $15.8 million, or 24%, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily driven by higher Marketplace GOV in our Marketplace segment and higher revenue in our Resale segment.

Marketplace

Marketplace cost of revenues increased $4.2 million, or 23%, for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022, and increased $7.9 million, or 22%, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was relatively consistent with the increase in Marketplace GOV, which increased by 17% and 16% during the same respective periods.

Resale

Resale cost of revenues increased $6.0 million, or 43%, for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022, and increased $7.9 million, or 27%, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was relatively consistent with the increase in Resale revenues, which increased by 48% and 33% during the same respective periods.

Marketing and Selling

The following table presents marketing and selling expenses (in thousands, except percentages):


	Three Months Ended June 30,									Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		Change		% Change			2023		2022		Change		% Change
Marketing and selling:
Online	$	58,890	$	54,820	$	4,070		7	%	$	107,998	$	104,670	$	3,328		3	%
Offline		6,302		4,592		1,710		37	%		11,966		8,970		2,996		33	%
Total marketing and selling	$	65,192	$	59,412	$	5,780		10	%	$	119,964	$	113,640	$	6,324		6	%

Marketing and selling expenses, which are entirely attributable to our Marketplace segment, increased $5.8 million, or 10%, during the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022, and increased $6.3 million, or 6%, during the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase primarily resulted from greater spending on online advertising, attributable to higher Marketplace GOV. Our spending on offline advertising increased by $1.7 million, or 37%, during the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022, and increased $3.0 million, or 33%, during the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022 due to increased brand awareness marketing efforts.

General and Administrative

The following table presents general and administrative expenses (in thousands, except percentages):


	Three Months Ended June 30,										Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023		2022		Change			% Change			2023		2022		Change			% Change
General and administrative:
Personnel expenses	$	26,360	$	22,696	$	3,664			16	%	$	51,051	$	42,434	$	8,617			20	%
Non-income tax expenses		498		2,443		(1,945	)		(80	)%		954		3,682		(2,728	)		(74	)%
Other		11,449		11,068		381			3	%		18,691		19,366		(675	)		(3	)%
Total general and administrative	$	38,307	$	36,207	$	2,100			6	%	$	70,696	$	65,482	$	5,214			8	%

Total general and administrative expenses increased $2.1 million, or 6%, for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022, and increased $5.2 million, or 8%, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to higher personnel expenses from higher employee headcount.

Depreciation and Amortization

Depreciation and amortization expenses increased $1.0 million, or 57%, during the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022 and increased $2.2 million, or 70%, during the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily related to an increase in development activities related to our platform and the intangibles acquired as part of our acquisition of Betcha (which was rebranded as "Vivid Picks").

Change in Fair Value of Contingent Consideration

Change in fair value of contingent consideration was $1.1 million and $1.0 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, due to the fair value remeasurement of cash earnouts.

Other (Income) Expense

Interest expense – net

Interest expense increased $0.1 million, or 3%, for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022 and decreased $0.6 million, or 9%, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. We reduced our outstanding debt balance and effective interest rate on February 3, 2022 when we refinanced the June 2017 First Lien Loan with the February 2022 First Lien Loan.

Loss on extinguishment of debt

Loss on extinguishment of debt was $4.3 million during the six months ended June 30, 2022 due to the refinancing of the June 2017 First Lien Loan with the February 2022 First Lien Loan. There was no loss on extinguishment of debt for the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Other (income) expense

Other (income) expense increased $9.8 million, or 111%, for the three months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended June 30, 2022 and increased $7.2 million, or 110%, for the six months ended June 30, 2023 compared to the six months ended June 30, 2022. The increase was primarily due to the fair value remeasurement of the Hoya Intermediate Warrants.

Income tax expense (benefit)

Income tax benefit was $24.5 million and $24.2 million during the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively, largely due to the release of our previously recorded valuation allowance on our U.S. tax attribute carryforward deferred tax assets.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

We have historically financed our operations primarily through cash generated from our operating activities. Our primary short-term requirements for liquidity and capital are to fund general working capital, capital expenditures, and debt service requirements. Our primary long-term liquidity needs are related to debt repayment and potential acquisitions.

Our primary source of funds is cash generated from operations. Our existing cash and cash equivalents are sufficient to fund our liquidity needs for the next 12 months. As of June 30, 2023, we had $306.2 million of cash and cash equivalents, which consist of interest-bearing deposit accounts, money market accounts managed by financial institutions, and highly liquid investments with maturities of three months or less. For the six months ended June 30, 2023, we generated positive cash flows from our operating activities.

Loan agreements

We had an outstanding loan balance of $465.7 million under the June 2017 First Lien Loan as of December 31, 2021. In the first quarter of 2022, we repaid $190.7 million of the outstanding balance of the June 2017 First Lien Loan. On February 3, 2022, we entered into an amendment which refinanced the remaining balance of the June 2017 First Lien Loan with a new $275.0 million February 2022 First Lien Loan with a maturity date of February 3, 2029, and added a new $100.0 million Revolving Facility with a maturity date of February 3, 2027. The terms of the February 2022 First Lien Loan specify a SOFR-based floating interest rate and contain a springing financial covenant that requires compliance with a first lien net leverage ratio when revolver borrowings exceed certain levels. All obligations under the February 2022 First Lien Loan are unconditionally guaranteed by Hoya Intermediate and substantially all of Hoya Intermediate’s existing and future direct and indirect wholly owned domestic subsidiaries. The February 2022 First Lien Loan requires quarterly amortization payments of $0.7 million. The Revolving Facility does not require periodic payments. All obligations under the February 2022 First Lien Loan are secured, subject to permitted liens and other exceptions, by first-priority perfected security interests in substantially all of our assets. The February 2022 First Lien Loan carries an interest rate of SOFR (subject to a 0.5% floor) plus 3.25%.

As of June 30, 2023, we are only party to one credit facility, the February 2022 First Lien Loan. At June 30, 2023, we had no outstanding borrowings under our Revolving Facility.

Share Repurchase Program

On May 25, 2022, our Board authorized the Repurchase Program. The Repurchase Program was announced on May 26, 2022 and its authorization was fully utilized during 2022 and during the three months ended March 31, 2023. Cumulatively under the Repurchase Program, we repurchased 5.3 million shares of our Class A common stock for $40.0 million and paid $0.1 million in commissions. The share repurchases are accounted for as Treasury stock in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. We made no share repurchases during the three months ended June 30, 2023.

Distributions to non-controlling interests

Per its Limited Liability Company Agreement, Hoya Intermediate is required to make pro-rata tax distributions to its members, of which $7.2 million and $11.0 million was distributed to non-controlling interests in the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.

Tax Receivable Agreement

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows (in thousands):


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2023			2022
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	82,670		$	1,406
Net cash used in investing activities		(5,583	)		(6,931	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(22,503	)		(196,255	)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	$	54,584		$	(201,780	)

Cash Provided by Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities was $82.7 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 due to $68.6 million in net income, non-cash charges of $5.9 million, and net cash inflows from a $20.0 million change in net operating assets. The net cash inflows from the change in our net operating assets were primarily due to seasonal fluctuations in accounts payable.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $1.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022 due to $27.2 million in net income, non-cash charges of $11.5 million, and net cash outflows from a $37.3 million change in net operating assets. The net cash outflows from the change in our net operating assets were primarily due to the increase in operations as COVID-19 mitigation measures eased.

Cash Used in Investing Activities

Net cash used in investing activities was $5.6 million and $6.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, which was primarily related to capital spending on development activities related to our platform.

Cash Used in Financing Activities

Net cash used in financing activities was $22.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2023, which was primarily related to our Repurchase Program and tax distributions to non-controlling interest.

Net cash used in financing activities was $196.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, which was due to the repayment of the June 2017 First Lien Loan in connection with the refinancing.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Accounting policies and estimates are considered critical when they require management to make subjective and complex judgments, estimates and assumptions about matters that have a material impact on the presentation of our financial statements and accompanying notes. For a description of our critical accounting policies and estimates, refer to the “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” section of our 2022 Form 10-K. During the six months ended June 30, 2023, there were no material changes to our critical accounting policies from those discussed in our 2022 Form 10-K.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Refer to Note 2, New Accounting Standards, in the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report for a description of recently adopted accounting pronouncements and issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market risk is the potential loss from adverse changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates, and market prices. Our primary market risk is interest rate risk associated with our long-term debt. We manage our exposure to this risk through established policies and procedures. Our objective is to mitigate potential income statement, cash flow, and market exposures from changes in interest rates.

Interest Rate Risk

Our market risk is affected by changes in interest rates. We maintain floating-rate debt that bears interest based on market rates plus an applicable spread. Because our interest rate is tied to market rates, we will be susceptible to fluctuations in interest rates if we do not hedge the interest rate exposure arising from our floating-rate borrowings. A hypothetical 1% change in interest rates, assuming rates are above our interest rate floor, would change our interest expense by $1.4 million based on amounts outstanding under the February 2022 First Lien Loan during the six months ended June 30, 2023.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Limitations on Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC's rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Our management, with the participation of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this Report. Based on such evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective at reasonable assurance levels as of June 30, 2023 due to the reasons described below.

Material Weakness

In connection with the audit of our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2022, we identified a material weakness in our internal control over financial reporting related to the implementation of segregation of duties as part of our control activities, the establishment of clearly defined roles within our finance and accounting functions and the number of personnel in our finance and accounting functions with an appropriate level of technical accounting and SEC reporting experience, which in the aggregate, constitute a material weakness.

Remediation Activities

As part of our plan to remediate the material weakness described above, we are performing a full review of our internal control procedures. We have implemented, and plan to continue to implement, new controls and processes. We have hired, and plan to continue to hire, additional qualified personnel and establish more robust processes to support our internal control over financial reporting, including clearly defined roles and responsibilities and appropriate segregation of duties. During the three months ended June 30, 2023, we continued to make progress in our remediation of the material weakness. While progress has been made to enhance our internal control, additional time is required to complete implementation and to assess and ensure the sustainability of these controls. The material weakness will not be considered remediated until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the three months ended June 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II - Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

Refer to Note 11, Commitments and Contingencies, in the notes to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Report.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this Report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in the “Risk Factors” section of our 2022 Form 10-K. These factors could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and capital position, and could cause our actual results to differ materially from our historical results or the results contemplated by any forward-looking statements contained in this Report. There have been no material changes from the risk factors disclosed in our 2022 Form 10-K.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Insider Trading Arrangements

During the three months ended June 30, 2023, none of our directors or officers adopted or terminated any “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” (as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).

Item 6. Exhibits


		Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number	Description	Form	Exhibit	Filing Date	Filed / Furnished Herewith
2.1	Transaction Agreement dated April 21, 2021 among Horizon Acquisition Corporation, Horizon Sponsor, LLC, Hoya Topco, LLC, Hoya Intermediate, LLC and Vivid Seats Inc.	S-4	2.1	5/28/2021
2.2	Purchase, Sale and Redemption Agreement dated April 21, 2021 among Hoya Topco, LLC, Hoya Intermediate, LLC, Vivid Seats Inc., Crescent Mezzanine Partners VIB, L.P., Crescent Mezzanine Partners VIC, L.P., NPS/Crescent Strategic Partnership II, LP, CM7C VS Equity Holdings, LP, Crescent Mezzanine Partners VIIB, L.P., CM6B Vivid Equity, Inc., CM6C Vivid Equity, Inc., CM7C VS Equity, LLC, CM7B VS Equity, LLC, Crescent Mezzanine Partners VI, L.P., Crescent Mezzanine Partners VII, L.P., Crescent Mezzanine Partners VII (LTL), L.P., CBDC Universal Equity, Inc., Crescent Capital Group, LP and Horizon Acquisition Corporation	S-4	2.2	5/28/2021
2.3	Plan of Merger dated October 18, 2021 among Horizon Acquisition Corporation, Horizon Sponsor, LLC, Hoya Topco, LLC, Hoya Intermediate, LLC and Vivid Seats Inc.	10-Q	2.3	11/15/2021
3.1	Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation	8-K	3.1	10/22/2021
3.2	First Amendment to Amended and Restated Bylaws	10-Q	3.2	5/10/2022
3.3	Amended and Restated Bylaws	8-K	3.2	10/22/2021
4.1	Amended and Restated Warrant Agreement dated October 14, 2021 between Horizon Acquisition Corporation and Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company	8-K	10.7	10/22/2021
4.2	Specimen Class A Common Stock Certificate of Vivid Seats Inc.	10-K	4.2	3/15/2022
4.3	Specimen Warrant Certificate of Vivid Seats Inc.	10-K	4.3	3/15/2022
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a)				*


31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) / 15d-14(a)	*
32.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350	**
32.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350	**
101.INS	Inline XBRL Instance Document – the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document	*
101.SCH	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document	*
101.CAL	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document	*
101.DEF	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document	*
101.LAB	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document	*
101.PRE	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document	*
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)	*

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


		Vivid Seats Inc.

		By:	/s/ Stanley Chia
			Stanley Chia
			Chief Executive Officer
			August 8, 2023

		By:	/s/ Lawrence Fey
			Lawrence Fey
			Chief Financial Officer
			August 8, 2023