WATTS WATER TECHNOLOGIES INC - Annual Report: 2015 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

Commission file number 001-11499

WATTS WATER TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

        Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ý    No o

        Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act. Yes o    No ý

        Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý    No o

        Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý    No o

        Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. ý

        Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

        Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o    No ý

        As of June 26, 2015, the aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $1,510,339,108 based on the closing sale price as reported on the New York Stock Exchange.

        Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

        Portions of the Registrant's Proxy Statement for its Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held on May 18, 2016, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

PART I

Item 1.    BUSINESS.

        This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains statements that are not historical facts and are considered forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements contain projections of our future results of operations or our financial position or state other forward-looking information. In some cases you can identify these forward-looking statements by words such as "anticipate," "believe," "could," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "should," and "would" or similar words. You should not rely on forward-looking statements because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control. These risks, uncertainties and other factors may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from the anticipated future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Some of the factors that might cause these differences are described under Item 1A—"Risk Factors." You should carefully review all of these factors, and you should be aware that there may be other factors that could cause these differences. These forward-looking statements were based on information, plans and estimates at the date of this report, and, except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect changes in underlying assumptions or factors, new information, future events or other changes.

        In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, references to "the Company," "Watts Water," "we," "us" or "our" refer to Watts Water Technologies, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Overview

        Watts Regulator Co. was founded by Joseph E. Watts in 1874 in Lawrence, Massachusetts. Watts Regulator Co. started as a small machine shop supplying parts to the New England textile mills of the 19th century and grew into a global manufacturer of products and systems focused on the control, conservation and quality of water and the comfort and safety of the people using it. Watts Water Technologies, Inc. was incorporated in Delaware in 1985 and became the parent company of Watts Regulator Co.

        Our strategy is to be the preferred supplier of differentiated products and systems that manage and conserve the flow of fluids and energy into, through and out of buildings in the residential and commercial markets of the Americas, EMEA (Europe, Middle East and Africa) and Asia-Pacific. Within this framework, we focus upon three themes: safety & regulation, energy efficiency and water conservation. This strategy enables us to realize our primary business objective—growth of earnings via increased sales, both organic and inorganic, and the systematic reduction of manufacturing costs and operational expenses.

        We intend to continue to expand organically by introducing new products in existing markets, by enhancing our preferred brands, by developing new complementary products, by promoting plumbing code development to drive the need for safety and water quality products and by continually improving merchandising in our wholesale distribution channels. We target selected new product and geographic markets based on growth potential, including our ability to leverage our existing distribution channels. Additionally, we leverage our distribution channels through the introduction of new products, as well as the integration of products of our acquired companies.

        We intend to continue to generate incremental growth by targeting selected acquisitions, both in our core markets as well as new complementary markets. We have completed 22 acquisitions in a little over a decade. Our acquisition strategy focuses on businesses that manufacture preferred brand name products that address our themes of safety & regulation, energy efficiency and water conservation in our primary or related complementary markets. We target businesses that will provide us with one or more of the following: an entry into new markets, an increase in shelf space with existing customers, strong brand names, a new or improved technology or an expansion of the breadth of our product offerings.

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        We are committed to reducing our manufacturing and operating costs through a combination of manufacturing in lower-cost countries, using Lean methodologies to drive continuous improvement across all key processes, and consolidating our diverse manufacturing operations and distribution centers in Americas, EMEA and Asia-Pacific. We have a number of manufacturing facilities in lower-cost regions such as Mexico, China, Bulgaria and Tunisia. In recent years, we have announced several global restructuring plans to reduce our manufacturing and distribution footprint in order to reduce our costs and to realize additional operating efficiencies.

        Additionally, a majority of our manufacturing facilities are ISO 9000, 9001 or 9002 certified by the International Organization for Standardization.

        Most of our sales are for products that have been approved under regulatory standards incorporated into state and municipal plumbing, heating, building and fire protection codes in North America and Europe. We have consistently advocated for the development and enforcement of plumbing codes and are committed to providing products to meet these standards, particularly for safety and control valve products.

        Our business is reported in three geographic segments: Americas, EMEA and Asia-Pacific. The contributions of each segment to net sales, operating income and the presentation of certain other financial information by segment are reported in Note 17 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included elsewhere in this report.

Products

        We have a broad range of products in terms of design distinction, size and configuration. We classify our many products into four universal product lines. These product lines are:

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Residential & commercial flow control products—includes products typically sold into plumbing and hot water applications such as backflow preventers, water pressure regulators, temperature and pressure relief valves, and thermostatic mixing valves. Residential & commercial flow control products accounted for approximately 57% of our total sales in 2015, and 61% of our total sales in each of 2014 and 2013.



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HVAC & gas products—includes commercial high-efficiency boilers, water heaters and heating solutions, hydronic and electric heating systems for under-floor radiant applications, custom heat and hot water solutions, hydronic pump groups for boiler manufacturers and alternative energy control packages, and flexible stainless steel connectors for natural and liquid propane gas in commercial food service and residential applications. HVAC & gas products accounted for approximately 29% of our total sales in 2015, and 24% of our total sales in each of 2014 and 2013. HVAC is an acronym for heating, ventilation and air conditioning.



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Drainage & water re-use products—includes drainage products and engineered rain water harvesting solutions for commercial, industrial, marine and residential applications. Drainage & water re-use products accounted for approximately 9% of our total sales in 2015, and 10% of our total sales in each of 2014 and 2013.



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Water quality products—includes point-of-use and point- of-entry water filtration, conditioning and scale prevention systems for both commercial and residential applications. Water quality products accounted for approximately 5% of our total sales in each of 2015, 2014 and 2013.

Commercial and Operational Excellence

        We strive to invest in product innovation that meets the wants and needs of our customers and our end markets. Our focus is on differentiated products that will provide greater opportunity to distinguish and defend ourselves in the market place. Conversely, we want to migrate away from commoditized products where we cannot add value. In addition, we want to be a solutions provider, not merely a

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components supplier. We refer to this customer-facing mindset as commercial excellence and we are continually looking for strategic opportunities to invest or divest, where necessary, in order to meet those objectives. In conjunction with this customer-centric focus, we continually review our operations to ensure we can efficiently and effectively produce and deliver products to customers. We call this aspect of our business operational excellence.

        On February 17, 2015, our Board of Directors approved the first phase of a restructuring program relating to the transformation of our Americas and Asia-Pacific businesses, which primarily involves the exit of low-margin, non-core product lines and global sourcing actions. We eliminated approximately $175 million of our combined Americas and Asia-Pacific net sales that primarily sell through our do-it-yourself (DIY) distribution channel. On October 26, 2015, our Board of Directors approved the second phase of our transformation program, which involves reducing the square footage of our North American facilities and is designed to improve the utilization of our remaining facilities, better leverage our cost structure, reduce working capital, and improve execution of customer delivery requirements. Phase one and phase two combined is expected to reduce the Americas net operating footprint by approximately 30%. Refer to Recent Developments in "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" for further discussion.

Customers and Markets

        We sell our products to plumbing, heating and mechanical wholesale distributors and dealers, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and major DIY chains. In September 2015, as part of the first phase of our transformation of our Americas and Asia-Pacific business, we divested a substantial portion of our DIY business in the Americas, which will reduce the significance of DIY as a distribution channel for our products in 2016.

        Wholesalers.    Approximately 70% of our sales in 2015 and 64% of our sales in both 2014 and 2013 were to wholesale distributors for commercial and residential applications. We rely on commissioned manufacturers' representatives to market our product lines. Additionally, various water quality products are sold to independent dealers throughout the Americas.

        OEMs.    Approximately 20% of our sales in 2015 and 23% of our sales in both 2014 and 2013 were to OEMs. In the Americas, our typical OEM customers are water heater manufacturers and equipment and water systems manufacturers needing flow control devices and other products. Our sales to OEMs in EMEA are primarily to boiler manufacturers and radiant system manufacturers. Our sales to OEMs in Asia-Pacific are primarily to boiler, water heaters and bath manufacturers including manufacturers of faucet and shower products.

        DIY Chains.    Approximately 10% of our sales in 2015 and 13% of our sales in both 2014 and 2013 were to DIY chains.

        In 2015, 2014 and 2013, no customer accounted for more than 10% of our total net sales. Our top ten customers accounted for approximately $345.6 million, or 24%, of our total net sales in 2015; $380.0 million, or 25%, of our total net sales in 2014; and $321.7 million, or 22%, of our total net sales in 2013. Thousands of other customers constituted the balance of our net sales in each of those years.

Marketing and Sales

        For product sales, we rely primarily on commissioned manufacturers' representatives, some of which maintain a consigned inventory of our products. These representatives sell primarily to plumbing and heating wholesalers and contractors or service DIY stores in the Americas. We also sell products for the residential construction and home repair and remodeling industries through DIY plumbing retailers, national catalog distribution companies, hardware stores, building material outlets and retail home center chains and through plumbing and heating wholesalers. In addition, we sell products directly to wholesalers, OEMs and private label accounts primarily in EMEA and to a lesser extent in the Americas.

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Manufacturing

        We have integrated and automated manufacturing capabilities, including a state of the art lead free foundry and a traditional brass and bronze foundry, machining, plastic extrusion and injection molding and assembly operations. Our foundry operations include metal pouring systems, automatic core making, and brass and bronze die-castings. Our machining operations feature computer-controlled machine tools, high-speed chucking machines with robotics and automatic screw machines for machining bronze, brass and steel components. We have invested in recent years to expand our manufacturing capabilities to ensure the availability of the most efficient and productive equipment. We are committed to maintaining our manufacturing equipment at a level consistent with current technology in order to maintain high levels of quality and manufacturing efficiencies.

        Capital expenditures and depreciation for each of the last three years were as follows:

Raw Materials

        We require substantial amounts of raw materials to produce our products, including bronze, brass, cast iron, stainless steel, steel, plastic, and components used in products. Substantially all of the raw materials we require are purchased from outside sources. The commodity markets have experienced volatility over the past several years, particularly with respect to copper and stainless steel. Bronze and brass are copper-based alloys. The price of copper has steadily declined over the last three years. The fact that we internationally source a significant amount of raw materials means that several months of raw materials and work in process are moving through our supply chain at any point in time. We are not able to predict whether commodity costs, including copper and stainless steel, will significantly increase or decrease in the future. If commodity costs increase in the future and we are not able to reduce or eliminate the effect of the cost increases by reducing production costs or implementing price increases, our profit margins could decrease. If commodity costs were to decline, we may experience pressures from customers to reduce our selling prices. The timing of any price reductions and decreases in commodity costs may not align. As a result, our margins could be affected.

        With limited exceptions, we have multiple suppliers for our commodities and other raw materials. We believe our relationships with our key suppliers are good and that an interruption in supply from any one supplier would not materially affect our ability to meet our immediate demands while another supplier is qualified. We regularly review our suppliers to evaluate their strengths. If a supplier is unable to meet our demands, we believe that in most cases our inventory of raw materials will allow for sufficient time to identify and obtain the necessary commodities and other raw materials from an alternate source. We believe that the nature of the commodities and other raw materials used in our business are such that multiple sources are generally available in the market.

Code Compliance

        Products representing a majority of our sales are subject to regulatory standards and code enforcement, which typically require that these products meet stringent performance criteria. Standards are established by such industry test and certification organizations as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), the America Water Works Association (AWWA), the Canadian Standards Association (CSA), the International Code Council (ICC), the American Society of Sanitary Engineering (ASSE), the American National Standards Institute—Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED), the University of Southern California Foundation for Cross-Connection Control and Hydraulic Research (USC FCCC & HR), the International Association of Plumbing and

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Mechanical Officials (IAPMO), FM Global (FM), NSF International (NSF) and Underwriters Laboratories (UL). Many of these standards are incorporated into state and municipal plumbing and heating, building and fire protection codes.

        National regulatory standards in Europe vary by country. The major standards and/or guidelines that our products must meet are AFNOR (France), DVGW (Germany), UNI/ICIM (Italy), KIWA (Netherlands), SVGW (Switzerland), SITAC (Sweden), WRAS (United Kingdom) and CEN (Denmark). Further, there are local regulatory standards requiring compliance as well.

        Together with our commissioned manufacturers' representatives, we have consistently advocated for the development and enforcement of plumbing codes. We maintain stringent quality control and testing procedures at each of our manufacturing facilities in order to manufacture products that comply with code requirements. We believe that product-testing capability and investment in plant and equipment is needed to manufacture products that comply with code requirements. Additionally, a majority of our manufacturing facilities are ISO 9000, 9001 or 9002 certified by the International Organization for Standardization.

New Product Development and Engineering

        We retain our own product development staff, design teams, and testing laboratories in Americas, EMEA and Asia-Pacific that work to enhance our existing products and develop new products. We maintain sophisticated product development and testing laboratories and are committed to investing more in this area. In 2015, we re-engineered our new product development process and have rolled out a uniform global program that we expect should drive innovation to our markets more effectively. Research and development costs included in selling, general, and administrative expense amounted to $23.5 million, $22.5 million and $21.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Competition

        The domestic and international markets for safety & regulation, energy efficiency and water conservation devices are intensely competitive and require us to compete against some companies possessing greater financial, marketing and other resources than ours. Due to the breadth of our product offerings, the number and identities of our competitors vary by product line and market. We consider quality, brand preference, delivery times, engineering specifications, plumbing code requirements, price, technological expertise and breadth of product offerings to be the primary competitive factors. We believe that new product development and product engineering are also important to success in the water industry and that our position in the industry is attributable in part to our ability to develop new and innovative products quickly and to adapt and enhance existing products. We continue to develop new and innovative products to enhance our market position and are continuing to implement manufacturing and design programs to reduce costs. We cannot be certain that our efforts to develop new products will be successful or that our customers will accept our new products. Although we own certain patents and trademarks that we consider to be of importance, we do not believe that our business and competitiveness as a whole are dependent on any one of our patents or trademarks or on patent or trademark protection generally.

Backlog

        Backlog was approximately $88.6 million at February 5, 2016 and approximately $91.8 million at February 6, 2015. We do not believe that our backlog at any point in time is indicative of future operating results and we expect our entire current backlog to be converted to sales in 2016.

Employees

        As of December 31, 2015, we employed approximately 5,000 people worldwide. With the exception of two subsidiaries, one in Canada and the other in New York, none of our employees in North

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America or Asia are covered by collective bargaining agreements. In some European countries, our employees are subject to traditional national collective bargaining agreements. We believe that our employee relations are good.

Product Liability, Environmental and Other Litigation Matters

        We are subject to a variety of potential liabilities connected with our business operations, including potential liabilities and expenses associated with possible product defects or failures and compliance with environmental laws. We maintain product liability and other insurance coverage, which we believe to be generally in accordance with industry practices. Nonetheless, such insurance coverage may not be adequate to protect us fully against substantial damage claims.

Contingencies

Connector Class Actions

        In November and December 2014, Watts Water Technologies, Inc. and Watts Regulator Co. were named as defendants in three separate putative nationwide class action complaints (Meyers v. Watts Water Technologies, Inc., United States District Court for the Southern District of Ohio; Ponzo v. Watts Regulator Co., United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts; Sharp v. Watts Regulator Co., United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts) seeking to recover damages and other relief based on the alleged failure of water heater connectors. On June 26, 2015, plaintiffs in the three actions filed a consolidated amended complaint, under the case captioned Ponzo v. Watts Regulator Co., in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts (hereinafter "Ponzo"). WWT was voluntarily dismissed from the Ponzo case. The complaint seeks among other items, damages in an unspecified amount, replacement costs, injunctive relief, declaratory relief, and attorneys' fees and costs. On August 7, 2015, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the complaint, which motion is still pending.

        In February 2015, Watts Regulator Co. was named as a defendant in a putative nationwide class action complaint (Klug v. Watts Water Technologies, Inc., et al., United States District Court for the District of Nebraska) seeking to recover damages and other relief based on the alleged failure of the Company's Floodsafe connectors (hereinafter "Klug"). On June 26, 2015, the Company filed a partial motion to dismiss the complaint. In response, on July 17, 2015, plaintiff filed an amended complaint which added additional named plaintiffs and sought to correct deficiencies in the original complaint, Klug v. Watts Regulator Co., United States District Court for the District of Nebraska. The complaint seeks among other items, damages in an unspecified amount, injunctive relief, declaratory relief, and attorneys' fees and costs. On July 31, 2015, the Company filed a partial motion to dismiss the complaint which was granted in part and denied in part on December 29, 2015. The Company answered the amended complaint on February 2, 2016. No formal discovery has yet been conducted.

        We participated in mediation sessions of the Ponzo and Klug cases in December 2015 and January 2016. On February 16, 2016, we reached an agreement in principle to settle all claims. The proposed total settlement amount is $14 million, of which we expect to pay approximately $4.1 million after insurance proceeds of up to $9.9 million, the receipt of which is also subject to completion of a final written settlement agreement. The settlement is subject to completion of a final written settlement agreement, preliminary court approval and final court approval after a fairness hearing. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the proposed settlement will be approved in its current form. If the settlement is not approved, we intend to continue to vigorously contest the allegations in this case.

Trabakoolas et al., v. Watts Water Technologies, Inc., et al.,

        On March 8, 2012, Watts Water Technologies, Inc., Watts Regulator Co., and Watts Plumbing Technologies Co., Ltd., among other companies, were named as defendants in a putative nationwide class action complaint filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California seeking to recover damages and other relief based on the alleged failure of toilet connectors.

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        On December 12, 2013, we reached an agreement in principle that became final on September 4, 2014, to settle all claims. The total settlement amount was $23.0 million, of which we were responsible for $14.0 million after insurance proceeds of $9.0 million. The litigation is now terminated.

        During the fourth quarter of 2013, we recorded a liability of $22.6 million related to the Trabakoolas matter, of which $12.7 million was included in current liabilities and $9.9 million in other noncurrent liabilities. In addition, a $9.0 million receivable was recorded in current assets related to insurance proceeds due under a separate settlement agreement. The liability was reduced by $13.8 million for payments related to notice and claims administration, plaintiff attorneys' fees and partial funding of the settlement amount made during the year ended December 31, 2014. The $9.0 million receivable for insurance proceeds was received as of September 28, 2014. The liability was reduced by $2.3 million for the annual funding installment during the year ended December 31, 2015. The remaining liability of $6.5 million as of December 31, 2015 will be paid in equal annual installments over the next three years.

Environmental Remediation

        We have been named as a potentially responsible party with respect to a limited number of identified contaminated sites. The levels of contamination vary significantly from site to site as do the related levels of remediation efforts. Environmental liabilities are recorded based on the most probable cost, if known, or on the estimated minimum cost of remediation. Accruals are not discounted to their present value, unless the amount and timing of expenditures are fixed and reliably determinable. We accrue estimated environmental liabilities based on assumptions, which are subject to a number of factors and uncertainties. Circumstances that can affect the reliability and precision of these estimates include identification of additional sites, environmental regulations, level of clean-up required, technologies available, number and financial condition of other contributors to remediation and the time period over which remediation may occur. We recognize changes in estimates as new remediation requirements are defined or as new information becomes available.

Asbestos Litigation

        We are defending approximately 310 lawsuits in different jurisdictions, alleging injury or death as a result of exposure to asbestos. The complaints in these cases typically name a large number of defendants and do not identify any of our particular products as a source of asbestos exposure. To date, discovery has failed to yield evidence of substantial exposure to any of our products and no judgments have been entered against us.

Other Litigation

        Other lawsuits and proceedings or claims, arising from the ordinary course of operations, are also pending or threatened against us.

Available Information

        We maintain a website with the address www.wattswater.com. The information contained on our website is not included as a part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Other than an investor's own internet access charges, we make available free of charge through our website our Annual Report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to these reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after we have electronically filed such material with, or furnished such material to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

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Executive Officers and Directors

        Set forth below are the names of our executive officers and directors, their respective ages and positions with our Company and a brief summary of their business experience for at least the past five years:

        Robert J. Pagano, Jr. has served as Chief Executive Officer and President of our Company since May 2014. He also served as interim Chief Financial Officer from October 2014 to April 2015. Mr. Pagano previously served as Senior Vice President of ITT Corporation and President, ITT Industrial Process from April 2009 to May 2014. Mr. Pagano originally joined ITT in 1997 and served in several additional management roles during his career at ITT, including as Vice President Finance, Corporate Controller, and President of Industrial Products. ITT Corporation is a diversified manufacturer of highly engineered critical components and customized technology solutions for the energy, transportation and industrial markets. Prior to joining ITT, Mr. Pagano worked at KPMG LLP. Mr. Pagano is a Certified Public Accountant.

        Todd A. Trapp has served as Chief Financial Officer since April 2015. Mr. Trapp previously served as Vice President of Financial Planning & Analysis of Honeywell International Inc. from August 2013 to April 2015. Mr. Trapp originally joined Honeywell in 2002 and served in several senior financial roles, including as Chief Financial Officer of the Airlines Business Unit from November 2010 to August 2013, Vice President of Business Analysis & Planning for Honeywell's Aerospace Division from 2008 to November 2010, Director of Finance for the Transportation Systems Division from 2006 to 2008, Director of Business Analysis & Planning from 2005 to 2006, Investor Relations Manager from 2003 to 2005 and Senior Financial Analyst from 2002 to 2003. Honeywell is a Fortune 100 diversified technology and manufacturing leader, serving customers worldwide with aerospace products and services; control technologies for buildings, homes and industry; turbochargers; and performance materials. Prior to joining Honeywell, Mr. Trapp worked as Assistant Treasurer at United Business Media Inc. and Manager of Treasury Services and Special Projects at Pearson Inc.

        Kenneth R. Lepage has served as General Counsel, Executive Vice President and Secretary of the Company since August 2008. He also served as Executive Vice President of Human Resources from

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December 2009 to October 2015. Mr. Lepage originally joined our Company in September 2003 as Assistant General Counsel and Assistant Secretary. Prior to joining our Company, he was a junior partner at the law firm of Hale and Dorr LLP (now Wilmer Cutler Pickering Hale and Dorr LLP).

        Elie Melhem has served as President, Asia-Pacific, Middle East & Africa since February 2016. Mr. Melhem originally joined our Company in July 2011 as President, Asia-Pacific. Mr. Melhem was previously the Managing Director of China for Ariston Thermo Group, a global manufacturer of heating and hot water products, from 2008 to July 2011. Prior to joining Ariston, Mr. Melhem spent eleven years with ITT Industries in China where he held several management positions, including serving as President of ITT's Residential and Commercial Water Group in China and President of ITT's Water Technology Group in Asia.

        Munish Nanda has served as President, Americas & Europe since February 2016. Mr. Nanda originally joined our Company in April 2015 as President, Americas. Mr. Nanda previously served as President of Control Technologies for ITT Corporation from April 2011 to March 2015. Mr. Nanda also served as Group Vice President of ITT Corporation's Fluid and Motion Control Group from April 2008 to April 2011. ITT Corporation is a diversified manufacturer of highly engineered critical components and customized technology solutions for the energy, transportation and industrial markets. Prior to joining ITT Corporation, Mr. Nanda held several operating leadership and general management positions with Thermo Fisher Scientific Corporation and Honeywell International Inc.

        Debra J. Ogston has served as Chief Human Resources Officer since October 2015. Ms. Ogston previously served as Chief People Officer of Schnuck Markets, Inc. from July 2014 to September 2015. Schnuck Markets is a privately-held chain of more than 90 supermarkets in the Midwestern United States. From January 2007 to July 2014, Ms. Ogston served in several senior human resources roles with Johnson Controls, Inc., including as Vice President of Human Resources, Building Efficiency, Global Offerings from September 2013 to June 2014, Vice President of Human Resources, Power Solutions, Asia from September 2012 to September 2013, Vice President and Asia Regional Project Leader, HR Transformation from March 2011 to September 2012, Vice President of Human Resources, Building Efficiency, Global Business Lines and Operations from January 2009 to March 2011 and Executive Director of Human Resources, Power Solutions, Americas from January 2007 to January 2009. Johnson Controls is a global diversified technology and industrial company providing products, services and solutions to optimize energy and operational efficiencies of buildings; lead-acid automotive batteries and advanced batteries for hybrid and electric vehicles; and interior systems for automobiles. Prior to joining Johnson Controls, Ms. Ogston held human resources management positions with E&J Gallo Winery, Inc., Pepsi Bottling Group and Kraft Foods Inc.

        Robert L. Ayers has served as a director of our Company since October 2006. He was Senior Vice President of ITT Industries and President of ITT Industries' Fluid Technology from October 1999 until September 2005. Mr. Ayers continued to be employed by ITT Industries from September 2005 until his retirement in September 2006, during which time he focused on special projects for the company. Mr. Ayers joined ITT Industries in 1998 as President of ITT Industries' Industrial Pump Group. Before joining ITT Industries, he was President of Sulzer Industrial USA and Chief Executive Officer of Sulzer Bingham, a pump manufacturer. Mr. Ayers served as a director of T-3 Energy Services, Inc. from August 2007 to January 2011.

        Bernard Baert has served as a director of our Company since August 2011. Mr. Baert served as Senior Vice President and President, Europe and International of PolyOne Corporation from January 2010 until his retirement in April 2012. Mr. Baert served as Senior Vice President and General Manager, Color and Engineered Materials—Europe and China for PolyOne Corporation from 2006 to December 2009 and as Vice President and General Manager, Color and Engineered Materials—Europe and China from 2000 to 2006. From 1995 to September 2000, Mr. Baert was General Manager, Color—Europe for M.A. Hanna Company, the predecessor to PolyOne Corporation. PolyOne Corporation is a worldwide provider of specialty polymer materials, services and solutions. Prior to joining M.A. Hanna, Mr. Baert was General Manager, Europe for Hexcel Corporation and spent 17 years with Owens

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Corning where he served as a plant manager and held various positions in the areas of cost control and production.

        Richard J. Cathcart has served as a director of our Company since October 2007. He was Vice Chairman and a member of the Board of Directors of Pentair, Inc. from February 2005 until his retirement in September 2007. Pentair is a diversified manufacturing company consisting of four operating segments: Valves & Controls, Flow & Filtration Solutions, Water Quality Systems and Technical Solutions. He was appointed President and Chief Operating Officer of Pentair's Water Technologies Group (now Water Quality Systems) in January 2001 and served in that capacity until his appointment as Vice Chairman in February 2005. He began his career at Pentair in March 1995 as Executive Vice President, Corporate Development, where he identified water as a strategic area of growth. In February 1996, he was named Executive Vice President and President of Pentair's Water Technologies Group. Prior to joining Pentair, he held several management and business development positions during his 20-year career with Honeywell International Inc. He is a director of Fluidra S.A., an international manufacturer of accessories and products for swimming pools, irrigation, and water treatment and purification systems.

        Christopher L. Conway has served as a director of our Company since June 2015. Mr. Conway is currently President and Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board of CLARCOR Inc. Mr. Conway has been employed by CLARCOR or its affiliates since 2006, when he was named Vice President of Manufacturing of Baldwin Filters, Inc., an affiliate of CLARCOR. In September 2007, Mr. Conway was promoted to the position of President of Facet USA, Inc., another affiliate of CLARCOR. He was then named President of CLARCOR's PECOFacet division in December 2007 and continued in that role until being named as President and Chief Operating Officer of CLARCOR in May 2010. In December 2011, Mr. Conway assumed the position of President and Chief Executive Officer of CLARCOR. CLARCOR is a diversified marketer and manufacturer of mobile, industrial and environmental filtration products sold in domestic and international markets. Prior to joining CLARCOR or its affiliates, Mr. Conway served for two years as the Chief Operating Officer of Cortron Corporation, Inc., a small manufacturing start-up based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Mr. Conway also served for seven years in various management positions at Pentair, Inc., an international provider of products, services, and solutions for its customers' diverse needs in water and other fluids, thermal management, and equipment protection.

        W. Craig Kissel has served as a director of our Company since November 2011. Mr. Kissel previously was employed by American Standard Companies Inc. from 1980 until his retirement in September, 2008. American Standard was a leading worldwide supplier of air conditioning and heating systems, vehicle control systems, and bathroom china and faucet-ware. During his time at American Standard, Mr. Kissel served as President of Trane Commercial Systems from 2004 to June, 2008, President of WABCO Vehicle Control Systems from 1998 to 2003, President of the Trane North American Unitary Products Group from 1994 to 1997, Vice President of Trane Marketing of the North American Unitary Products Group from 1992 to 1994 and he held various other management positions at Trane from 1980 to 1991. From 2001 to 2008, Mr. Kissel served as Chairman of American Standard's Corporate Ethics and Integrity Council, which was responsible for developing the company's ethical business standards. Mr. Kissel also served in the U.S. Navy from 1973 to 1978. Mr. Kissel has served as a director of Chicago Bridge & Iron Company since May 2009. Chicago Bridge & Iron Company engineers and constructs some of the world's largest energy infrastructure projects.

        John K. McGillicuddy has served as a director of our Company since 2003. He was employed by KPMG LLP, a public accounting firm, from 1965 until his retirement in 2000. He was elected into the Partnership at KPMG LLP in June 1975 where he served as Audit Partner, SEC Reviewing Partner, Partner-in-Charge of Professional Practice, Partner-in-Charge of College Recruiting and Partner-in-Charge of Staff Scheduling. He is a director of Brooks Automation, Inc., a worldwide provider of automation, vacuum and instrumentation solutions to the semiconductor and related industries, and Cabot Corporation, a manufacturer of specialty chemicals and performance materials.

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        Joseph T. Noonan has served as a director of our Company since May 2013. Mr. Noonan has served as Chief Executive Officer of Homespun Design, Inc. since November 2013. Homespun Design is a start-up phase online retailer of American-made furniture and design founded by Mr. Noonan. Mr. Noonan previously worked as an independent digital strategy consultant from November 2012 to November 2013. Mr. Noonan was employed by Wayfair LLC from April 2008 to November 2012. During his time at Wayfair, Mr. Noonan served as Senior Director of Wayfair International from June 2011 to November 2012, Director of Category Management and Merchandising from February 2009 to June 2011 and Manager of Wayfair's Business-to-Business Division from April 2008 to February 2009. Wayfair is an online retailer of home furnishings, décor and home improvement products. Prior to joining Wayfair, Mr. Noonan worked as a venture capitalist at Polaris Partners and as an investment banker at Cowen & Company.

        Merilee Raines has served as a director of our Company since February 2011. Ms. Raines served as Chief Financial Officer of IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. from October 2003 until her retirement in May 2013. Prior to becoming Chief Financial Officer, Ms. Raines held several management positions with IDEXX Laboratories, including Corporate Vice President of Finance, Vice President and Treasurer of Finance, Director of Finance, and Controller. IDEXX Laboratories develops, manufactures and distributes diagnostic and information technology-based products and services for companion animals, livestock, poultry, water quality and food safety, and human point-of-care diagnostics. Ms. Raines is a director of Aratana Therapeutics, Inc., a pet therapies company focused on the licensing or acquisition, development and commercialization of innovative biopharmaceutical products for cats, dogs and other companion animals. Ms. Raines is also a director of Affymetrix, Inc., a provider of life science and molecular diagnostic products that enable analysis of biological systems at the gene, protein and cell level.

        Joseph W. Reitmeier has served as a director of our Company since February 2016. Mr. Reitmeier has served as Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer of Lennox International Inc. since July 2012. Mr. Reitmeier had served as Vice President of Finance for the LII Commercial business segment of Lennox International from 2007 to July 2012 and as Director of Internal Audit from 2005 to 2007. Lennox International is a leading global provider of climate control solutions and designs, manufactures and markets a broad range of products for the heating, ventilation, air conditioning and refrigeration markets. Before joining Lennox International, Mr. Reitmeier held financial leadership roles at Cummins Inc. and PolyOne Corporation.

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Item 1A.    RISK FACTORS.

Economic cycles, particularly those involving reduced levels of commercial and residential starts and remodeling, may have adverse effects on our revenues and operating results.

        We have experienced and expect to continue to experience fluctuations in revenues and operating results due to economic and business cycles. The businesses of most of our customers, particularly plumbing and heating wholesalers and OEM manufacturers, are cyclical. Therefore, the level of our business activity has been cyclical, fluctuating with economic cycles. An economic downturn may also affect the financial stability of our customers, which could affect their ability to pay amounts owed to their vendors, including us. We also believe our level of business activity is influenced by commercial and residential starts and renovation and remodeling, which are, in turn, heavily influenced by interest rates, consumer debt levels, changes in disposable income, employment growth and consumer confidence. Credit market conditions may prevent commercial and residential builders or developers from obtaining the necessary capital to continue existing projects or to start new projects. This may result in the delay or cancellation of orders from our customers or potential customers and may adversely affect our revenues and our ability to manage inventory levels, collect customer receivables and maintain profitability. If economic conditions worsen in the future or if economic recovery were to dissipate, our revenues and profits could decrease or trigger additional goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets, or long-lived asset impairments and could have a material effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We face intense competition and, if we are not able to respond to competition in our markets, our revenues and profits may decrease.

        Competitive pressures in our markets could adversely affect our competitive position, leading to a possible loss of market share or a decrease in prices, either of which could result in decreased revenues and profits. We encounter intense competition in all areas of our business. Additionally, we believe our customers are attempting to reduce the number of vendors from which they purchase in order to reduce the size and diversity of their inventories and their transaction costs. To remain competitive, we will need to invest continually in manufacturing, product development, marketing, customer service and support and our distribution networks. We may not have sufficient resources to continue to make such investments and we may be unable to maintain our competitive position. In addition, we anticipate that we may have to reduce the prices of some of our products to stay competitive, potentially resulting in a reduction in the profit margin for, and inventory valuation of, these products. Some of our competitors are based in foreign countries and have cost structures and prices in foreign currencies. Accordingly, currency fluctuations could cause our U.S. dollar costed products to be less competitive than our competitors' products costed in other currencies.

Changes in the costs of raw materials could reduce our profit margins. Reductions or interruptions in the supply of components or finished goods from international sources could adversely affect our ability to meet our customer delivery commitments.

        We require substantial amounts of raw materials, including bronze, brass, cast iron, stainless steel and plastic, and substantially all of the raw materials we require are purchased from outside sources. The costs of raw materials may be subject to change due to, among other things, interruptions in production by suppliers and changes in exchange rates and worldwide price and demand levels. We typically do not enter into long-term supply agreements. Our inability to obtain supplies of raw materials for our products at favorable costs could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations by decreasing our profit margins. The commodity markets have experienced tremendous volatility over the past several years, particularly copper. Should commodity costs increase substantially, we may not be able to recover such costs, through selling price increases to our customers or other product cost reductions, which would have a negative effect on our financial results. If commodity costs decline, we may experience pressure from customers to reduce our selling prices. Additionally, we continue to purchase increased levels of components and finished goods

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from international sources. In limited cases, these components or finished goods are single-sourced. The availability of components and finished goods from international sources could be adversely impacted by, among other things, interruptions in production by suppliers, suppliers' allocations to other purchasers and new laws or regulations.

Changes in regulations or standards could adversely affect our business

        Our products and business are subject to a wide variety of statutory, regulatory and industry standards and requirements. A significant change to regulatory requirements, whether federal, foreign, state or local, or to industry standards, could substantially increase manufacturing costs, impact the size and timing of demand for our products, or put us at a competitive disadvantage, any of which could harm our business and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flow.

Implementation of our acquisition strategy may not be successful, which could affect our ability to increase our revenues or our profitability.

        One of our strategies is to increase our revenues and profitability and expand our business through acquisitions that will provide us with complementary products and increase market share for our existing product lines. We cannot be certain that we will be able to identify, acquire or profitably manage additional companies or successfully integrate such additional companies without substantial costs, delays or other problems. Also, companies acquired recently and in the future may not achieve anticipated revenues, cost synergies, profitability or cash flows that justify our investment in them. We have faced increasing competition for acquisition candidates, which has resulted in significant increases in the purchase prices of many acquisition candidates. This competition, and the resulting purchase price increases, may limit the number of acquisition opportunities available to us, possibly leading to a decrease in the rate of growth of our revenues and profitability. In addition, acquisitions may involve a number of risks, including, but not limited to:

•

inadequate internal controls over financial reporting and our ability to bring such controls into compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 in a timely manner;



•

adverse short-term effects on our reported operating results;



•

diversion of management's attention;



•

investigations of, or challenges to, acquisitions by competition authorities;



•

loss of key personnel at acquired companies;



•

unanticipated management or operational problems or legal liabilities; and



•

potential goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets, or long- lived asset impairment charges.

We are subject to risks related to product defects, which could result in product recalls and could subject us to warranty claims in excess of our warranty provisions or which are greater than anticipated due to the unenforceability of liability limitations.

        We maintain strict quality controls and procedures, including the testing of raw materials and safety testing of selected finished products. However, we cannot be certain that our testing will reveal latent defects in our products or the materials from which they are made, which may not become apparent until after the products have been sold into the market. We also cannot be certain that our suppliers will always eliminate latent defects in products we purchase from them. Accordingly, there is a risk that product defects will occur, which could require a product recall. Product recalls can be expensive to implement and, if a product recall occurs during the product's warranty period, we may be required to replace the defective product. In addition, a product recall may damage our relationship

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with our customers and we may lose market share with our customers. Our insurance policies may not cover the costs of a product recall.

        Our standard warranties contain limits on damages and exclusions of liability for consequential damages and for misuse, improper installation, alteration, accident or mishandling while in the possession of someone other than us. We may incur additional operating expenses if our warranty provision does not reflect the actual cost of resolving issues related to defects in our products. If these additional expenses are significant, it could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We face risks from product liability and other lawsuits, which may adversely affect our business.

        We have been and expect to continue to be subject to various product liability claims or other lawsuits, including, among others, that our products include inadequate or improper instructions for use or installation, inadequate warnings concerning the effects of the failure of our products, alleged manufacturing or design defects, or allegations that our products contained asbestos. If we do not have adequate insurance or contractual indemnification, damages from these claims would have to be paid from our assets and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition. Like other manufacturers and distributors of products designed to control and regulate fluids and gases, we face an inherent risk of exposure to product liability claims and other lawsuits in the event that the use of our products results in personal injury, property damage or business interruption to our customers. We cannot be certain that our products will be completely free from defect. In addition, in certain cases, we rely on third-party manufacturers for our products or components of our products. We cannot be certain that our insurance coverage will continue to be available to us at a reasonable cost, or, if available, will be adequate to cover any such liabilities. For more information, see "Item 1. Business—Product Liability, Environmental and Other Litigation Matters."

Economic and other risks associated with international sales and operations could adversely affect our business and future operating results.

        Since we sell and manufacture our products worldwide, our business is subject to risks associated with doing business internationally. Our business and future operating results could be harmed by a variety of factors, including:

•

unexpected geo-political events in foreign countries in which we operate, which could adversely affect manufacturing and our ability to fulfill customer orders;



•

our inability to comply with anti-corruption laws and regulations of the U.S. government and various international jurisdictions, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the United Kingdom's Bribery Act of 2010;



•

trade protection measures and import or export licensing requirements, which could increase our costs of doing business internationally;



•

potentially negative consequences from changes in tax laws, which could have an adverse impact on our profits;



•

difficulty in staffing and managing widespread operations, which could reduce our productivity;



•

costs of compliance with differing labor regulations, especially in connection with restructuring our overseas operations;



•

laws of some foreign countries, which may not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the U.S.;



•

unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, which may be costly and require time to implement; and

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•

foreign exchange rate fluctuations, which could also materially affect our reported results. A portion of our sales and certain portions of our costs, assets and liabilities are denominated in currencies other than U.S. dollars, and the percentage of our revenues denominated in a particular currency may not match the percentage of our expenses denominated in that currency. Approximately 38.1% of our sales during the year ended December 31, 2015 were from sales outside of the U.S. compared to 43.9% and 46.5% for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively. We cannot predict whether currencies such as the euro, Canadian dollar or Chinese yuan will appreciate or depreciate against the U.S. dollar in future periods or whether future foreign exchange rate fluctuations will have a positive or negative impact on our reported results.

Our ability to achieve savings through our restructuring and business transformation activities may be adversely affected by management's ability to fully execute the plans as a result of local regulations, geo-political risk or other factors within or beyond the control of management.

        We have implemented a number of restructuring and business transformation activities, which include steps that we believe are necessary to enhance the value and performance of the Company, including reducing operating costs and increasing efficiencies throughout our manufacturing, sales and distribution footprint. Factors within or beyond the control of management may change the total estimated costs or the timing of when the savings will be achieved under the plans. Further, if we are not successful in completing the restructuring or business transformation activities timely or if additional or unanticipated issues such as labor disruptions, inability to retain key personnel during and after the transformation or higher exit costs arise, our expected cost savings may not be met and our operating results could be negatively affected. In addition, our restructuring and transformation activities may place substantial demands on our management, which could lead to diversion of management's attention from other business priorities and result in a reduced customer focus.

Future operating results could be negatively affected by the resolution of various uncertain tax positions and by potential changes to tax incentives.

        In the ordinary course of our business, there are many transactions and calculations where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes. We periodically assess our exposures related to our worldwide provision for income taxes and believe that we have appropriately accrued taxes for contingencies. Any reduction of these contingent liabilities or additional assessment would increase or decrease income, respectively, in the period such determination was made. Our income tax filings are regularly under audit by tax authorities and the final determination of tax audits could be materially different than that which is reflected in historical income tax provisions and accruals. As issues arise during tax audits we adjust our tax accrual accordingly. Additionally, we benefit from certain tax incentives offered by various jurisdictions. If we are unable to meet the requirements of such incentives, our inability to use these benefits could have a material negative effect on future earnings.

We are currently a decentralized company, which presents certain risks.

        We are currently a decentralized company, which sometimes places significant control and decision-making powers in the hands of local management. This presents various risks such as the risk of being slower to identify or react to problems affecting a key business. Additionally, we are implementing in a phased approach a company-wide initiative to standardize and upgrade our enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. This initiative could be more challenging and costly to implement because divergent legacy systems currently exist. Further, if the ERP updates are not successful, we could incur substantial business interruption, including our ability to perform routine business transactions, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial results.

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Our business and financial performance may be adversely affected by information technology and other business disruptions.

        Our business may be impacted by disruptions, including information technology attacks or failures, threats to physical security, as well as damaging weather or other acts of nature, pandemics or other public health crises. Cyber security attacks, in particular, are evolving and include, but are not limited to, malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data, and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information and corruption of data. We have experienced cyber security attacks and may continue to experience them going forward, potentially with more frequency. Given the unpredictability of the timing, nature and scope of such disruptions, we could potentially be subject to production downtimes, operational delays, other detrimental impacts on our operations or ability to provide products to our customers, the compromising of confidential or otherwise protected information, misappropriation, destruction or corruption of data, security breaches, other manipulation or improper use of our systems or networks, financial losses from remedial actions, loss of business or potential liability, and/or damage to our reputation, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our competitive position, results of operations, cash flows or financial condition.

The requirements to evaluate goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets and long-lived assets for impairment may result in a write-off of all or a portion of our recorded amounts, which would negatively affect our operating results and financial condition.

        As of December 31, 2015, our balance sheet included goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets, amortizable intangible assets and property, plant and equipment of $489.0 million, $36.2 million, $156.6 million and $184.4 million, respectively. In lieu of amortization, we are required to perform an annual impairment review of both goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets. In performing our annual reviews in 2015, 2014 and 2013, we recognized pre-tax non-cash indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment charges of approximately $0.6 million, $1.3 million and $0.7 million, respectively. In 2015, 2014 and 2013, we recognized pre-tax non-cash goodwill impairment charges of $129.7 million, $12.9 million and $0.3 million, respectively. The $129.7 million charge in 2015 related to an impairment within the EMEA reporting unit and represents approximately 74% of the reporting unit's goodwill balance. The $12.9 million charge in 2014 related to a full impairment within the Asia-Pacific reporting unit. The charge in 2013 related to Blue Ridge Atlantic Enterprises, Inc. (BRAE) and the goodwill balance was fully impaired in 2013. We are also required to perform an impairment review of our long-lived assets if indicators of impairment exist. In 2015 we recognized a pre-tax non-cash charge of $0.3 million. There were no impairments recognized in 2014. In 2013 we recognized a pre-tax non-cash charge of $1.3 million.

        There can be no assurances that future goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets or other long-lived asset impairments will not occur. We perform our annual test for indications of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets impairment in the fourth quarter of our fiscal year or sooner if indicators of impairment exist.

The loss or financial instability of major customers could have an adverse effect on our results of operations.

        In 2015, our top ten customers accounted for approximately 24% of our total net sales with no one customer accounting for more than 10% of our total net sales. Our customers generally are not obligated to purchase any minimum volume of products from us and are able to terminate their relationships with us at any time. In addition, increases in the prices of our products could result in a reduction in orders from our customers. A significant reduction in orders from, or change in terms of contracts with, any significant customers could have a material adverse effect on our future results of operations. Furthermore, some of our major customers are facing financial challenges due to market declines and heavy debt levels; should these challenges become acute, our results could be materially adversely affected due to reduced orders and/or payment delays or defaults.

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Certain indebtedness may limit our ability to pay dividends, incur additional debt and make acquisitions and other investments.

        Our revolving credit facility and other senior indebtedness contain operational and financial covenants that restrict our ability to make distributions to stockholders, incur additional debt and make acquisitions and other investments unless we satisfy certain financial tests and comply with various financial ratios. If we do not maintain compliance with these covenants, our creditors could declare a default under our revolving credit facility or senior notes and our indebtedness could be declared immediately due and payable. Our ability to comply with the provisions of our indebtedness may be affected by changes in economic or business conditions beyond our control. Further, one of our strategies is to increase our revenues and profitability and expand our business through acquisitions. We may require capital in excess of our available cash and the unused portion of our revolving credit facility to make large acquisitions, which we would generally obtain from access to the credit markets. There can be no assurance that if a large acquisition is identified that we would have access to sufficient capital to complete such acquisition. Should we require additional debt financing above our existing credit limit, we cannot be assured such financing would be available to us or available to us on reasonable economic terms.

One of our stockholders can exercise substantial influence over our Company.

        Our Class B common stock entitles its holders to ten votes for each share and our Class A common stock entitles its holders to one vote per share. As of January 29, 2016, Timothy P. Horne beneficially owned approximately 18.7% of our outstanding shares of Class A common stock (assuming conversion of all shares of Class B common stock beneficially owned by Mr. Horne into Class A common stock) and approximately 99.2% of our outstanding shares of Class B common stock, which represents approximately 69.2% of the total outstanding voting power. As long as Mr. Horne controls shares representing at least a majority of the total voting power of our outstanding stock, Mr. Horne will be able to unilaterally determine the outcome of most stockholder votes, and other stockholders will not be able to affect the outcome of any such votes.

Conversion and sale of a significant number of shares of our Class B common stock could adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock.

        As of January 29, 2016, there were outstanding 27,790,054 shares of our Class A common stock and 6,379,290 shares of our Class B common stock. Shares of our Class B common stock may be converted into Class A common stock at any time on a one for one basis. Under the terms of a registration rights agreement with respect to outstanding shares of our Class B common stock, the holders of our Class B common stock have rights with respect to the registration of the underlying Class A common stock. Under these registration rights, the holders of Class B common stock may require, on up to two occasions that we register their shares for public resale. If we are eligible to use Form S-3 or a similar short-form registration statement, the holders of Class B common stock may require that we register their shares for public resale up to two times per year. If we elect to register any shares of Class A common stock for any public offering, the holders of Class B common stock are entitled to include shares of Class A common stock into which such shares of Class B common stock may be converted in such registration. However, we may reduce the number of shares proposed to be registered in view of market conditions. We will pay all expenses in connection with any registration, other than underwriting discounts and commissions. If all of the available registered shares are sold into the public market the trading price of our Class A common stock could decline.

Item 1B.    UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS.

        None.

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Item 2.    PROPERTIES.

        As of December 31, 2015, we maintain 31 principal manufacturing, warehouse and distribution centers worldwide, including our corporate headquarters located in North Andover, Massachusetts. Additionally, we maintain numerous sales offices and other smaller manufacturing facilities and warehouses. The principal properties in each of our three geographic segments and their location, principal use and ownership status are set forth below:

Americas:

Europe, Middle East and Africa:

Asia-Pacific:

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        Certain of our facilities are subject to mortgages and collateral assignments under loan agreements with long-term lenders. In general, we believe that our properties, including machinery, tools and equipment, are in good condition, well maintained and adequate and suitable for their intended uses.

Item 3.    LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

        We are from time to time involved in various legal and administrative proceedings. See Item 1. "Business—Product Liability, Environmental and Other Litigation Matters," and Note 15 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, both of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Item 4.    MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

        Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5.    MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES.

        The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices of our Class A common stock on the New York Stock Exchange during 2015 and 2014 and cash dividends declared per share.

        There is no established public trading market for our Class B common stock, which is held by members of the Horne family. The principal holders of such stock are subject to restrictions on transfer with respect to their shares. Each share of our Class B common stock (10 votes per share) is convertible into one share of Class A common stock (1 vote per share).

        On February 11, 2016, we declared a quarterly dividend of seventeen cents ($0.17) per share on each outstanding share of Class A common stock and Class B common stock.

        Aggregate common stock dividend payments in 2015 were $23.1 million, which consisted of $18.8 million and $4.3 million for Class A shares and Class B shares, respectively. Aggregate common stock dividend payments in 2014 were $20.5 million, which consisted of $16.7 million and $3.8 million for Class A shares and Class B shares, respectively. While we presently intend to continue to pay comparable cash dividends, the payment of future cash dividends depends upon the Board of Directors' assessment of our earnings, financial condition, capital requirements and other factors.

        The number of record holders of our Class A common stock as of January 29, 2016 was 159. The number of record holders of our Class B common stock as of January 29, 2016 was 8.

        We satisfy the minimum withholding tax obligation due upon the vesting of shares of restricted stock and the conversion of restricted stock units into shares of Class A common stock by automatically withholding from the shares being issued a number of shares with an aggregate fair market value on the date of such vesting or conversion that would satisfy the withholding amount due.

        The following table includes information with respect to shares of our Class A common stock withheld to satisfy withholding tax obligations during the quarter ended December 31, 2015.

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        The following table includes information with respect to repurchases of our Class A common stock during the three-month period ended December 31, 2015 under our stock repurchase program.

Performance Graph

        Set forth below is a line graph comparing the cumulative total shareholder return on our Class A common stock for the last five years with the cumulative return of companies on the Standard & Poor's 500 Stock Index and the Russell 2000 Index. We chose the Russell 2000 Index because it represents companies with a market capitalization similar to that of Watts Water. The graph assumes that the value of the investment in our Class A common stock and each index was $100 at December 31, 2010 and that all dividends were reinvested.

COMPARISON OF 5 YEAR CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN*
Among Watts Water Technologies, Inc., the S&P 500 Index,
and the Russell 2000 Index

*

$100 invested on 12/31/10 in stock or index, including reinvestment of dividends. Fiscal year ending December 31.

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Cumulative Total Return

        The above Performance Graph and related information shall not be deemed "soliciting material" or to be "filed" with the Securities and Exchange Commission, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or Securities Exchange Act of 1934, each as amended, except to the extent that we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filing.

Item 6.    SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA.

        The selected financial data set forth below should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements, related Notes thereto and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included herein.

FIVE-YEAR FINANCIAL SUMMARY

(Amounts in millions, except per share and cash dividend information)

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Item 7.    MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

Overview

        We are a leading supplier of products and solutions that manage and conserve the flow of fluids and energy into, through and out of buildings in the residential and commercial markets of the Americas, EMEA and Asia-Pacific. For over 140 years, we have designed and produced valve systems that safeguard and regulate water systems, energy efficient heating and hydronic systems, drainage systems and water filtration technology that helps conserve water. We earn revenue and income almost exclusively from the sale of our products. Our principal product lines include:

•

Residential & commercial flow control products—includes products typically sold into plumbing and hot water applications such as backflow preventers, water pressure regulators, temperature and pressure relief valves, and thermostatic mixing valves.



•

HVAC & gas products—includes commercial high-efficiency boilers, water heaters and heating solutions, hydronic and electric heating systems for under-floor radiant applications, custom heat and hot water solutions, hydronic pump groups for boiler manufacturers and alternative energy control packages, and flexible stainless steel connectors for natural and liquid propane gas in commercial food service and residential applications. HVAC is an acronym for heating, ventilation and air conditioning.



•

Drainage & water re-use products—includes drainage products and engineered rain water harvesting solutions for commercial, industrial, marine and residential applications.



•

Water quality products—includes point-of-use and point-of-entry water filtration, conditioning and scale prevention systems for both commercial and residential applications.

        Our business is reported in three geographic segments: Americas, EMEA and Asia-Pacific. We distribute our products through three primary distribution channels: wholesale, original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and do-it-yourself (DIY). In September 2015, we divested a substantial portion of our DIY business in the Americas, which will reduce the significance of DIY as a distribution channel for our products in 2016.

        We believe that the factors relating to our future growth include our ability to continue to make selective acquisitions, both in our core markets as well as in new complementary markets; regulatory requirements relating to the quality and conservation of water and the safe use of water; increased demand for clean water; continued enforcement of plumbing and building codes; and a healthy economic environment. We have completed 22 acquisitions in little over a decade. Our acquisition strategy focuses on businesses that advance our strategies around safety & regulation, energy efficiency and water conservation. We target businesses that will provide us with one or more of the following: an entry into new markets or geographies, improved channel access, unique and/or proprietary technologies or advanced production capabilities.

        Products representing a majority of our sales are subject to regulatory standards and code enforcement, which typically require that these products meet stringent performance criteria. Together with our commissioned manufacturers' representatives, we have consistently advocated for the development and enforcement of such plumbing codes. We are focused on maintaining stringent quality control and testing procedures at each of our manufacturing facilities in order to manufacture products in compliance with code requirements and take advantage of the resulting demand for compliant products. We believe that the product development, product testing capability and investment in plant and equipment needed to manufacture products in compliance with code requirements, represent a competitive advantage for us.

        We strive to invest in product innovation that meets the needs of our customers and our end markets. Our focus is on differentiated products that provide greater opportunity to distinguish ourselves in the market place and on providing system solutions to our customers rather than supplying

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components. We continually look for strategic opportunities to invest in new products and markets or divest existing product lines where necessary in order to meet those objectives.

        In 2015, we established an expanded leadership team and introduced key initiatives, including phase one and two of the Americas and Asia-Pacific transformation program (discussed below), re-energized our commitment to commercial excellence and continued our focus on operational excellence. We completed the integration of the AERCO International, Inc. ("AERCO") acquisition and added Apex Valves Limited ("Apex"), to our portfolio late in the year. We also settled certain long-term obligations, including our pension plan and supplemental employee retirement plan obligations, resulting in a one-time charge of $64.7 million. We believe 2015 was a year of change and transition for the Company.

        Our performance in 2015 was mixed, driven by different economic and business dynamics within each region in which we operate. In the Americas, we saw modest volume growth in our core business compared to 2014 as the U.S. residential construction marketplace experienced strong growth and the repair and replacement end market and the commercial market experienced moderate growth. In EMEA, important markets like France, Germany, and Russia continued to decline, primarily related to the challenging economic environments. In the fourth quarter of 2015, we recorded an after-tax goodwill impairment charge of $126.3 million relating to our EMEA reporting unit. The charge was driven by the continued challenging macroeconomic environment and our lowered expectations for that reporting unit going forward. In Asia-Pacific, growth decelerated, especially in the second half of 2015 due to more challenging economic conditions in China.

        Overall, reported sales for 2015 declined 3%, or $46 million, while organic sales for 2015 grew by 0.5%, or $7.4 million, as compared to 2014. Organic sales growth excludes the impacts of acquisitions, divestitures and foreign exchange from year-over-year comparisons. We believe this provides investors with a more complete understanding of underlying sales trends by providing sales growth on a consistent basis. Compared to 2014, organic sales in Americas and Asia-Pacific grew by 2.1% and 12.6%, respectively, but were offset by a reduction in EMEA organic sales of 3.2%.

        As part of our ongoing focus on operational excellence, we implemented a broad transformation program, first in EMEA in 2013, and this past year in our Americas and Asia-Pacific businesses.

        In February 2015, our Board of Directors approved the initial phase of a restructuring program relating to the transformation of our Americas and Asia-Pacific businesses, which primarily involved the exit of low-margin, non-core product lines and global sourcing actions ("phase one"). We eliminated approximately $175 million of our combined Americas and Asia-Pacific net sales that primarily sell through our DIY distribution channel. In September 2015, we were able to sell certain assets which represented approximately $105 million of the rationalized product line revenues. We sold our fittings, brass and tubular and vinyl tubing product lines to Sioux Chief Mfg. Co., Inc. ("Sioux Chief") in an all-cash transaction for approximately $33.1 million, recording an immaterial loss on the sale. We expect to discontinue selling our remaining rationalized product lines during the first half of 2016. As part of the rationalization exercise, we have entered into an agreement to sell a manufacturing plant in China whose production was used exclusively for products being rationalized. We expect to complete that asset sale in the first half of 2016 for approximately $9 million. The sourcing initiatives are focused in the Americas and we realized approximately $4 million in savings in 2015, and estimate we could save an incremental $4 million in 2016 from this initiative. Total expected costs relating to phase one have been fully recognized during 2015. Total pre-tax cost incurred were $31.5 million, which included non-cash charges of $17.1 million. Total net after-tax charges were $26.2 million.

        In October 2015, our Board of Directors approved the second phase of our transformation program related to our Americas and Asia-Pacific businesses ("phase two"). Phase two involves decreasing the square footage of our Americas facilities, which together with phase one, is expected to reduce the Americas net operating footprint by approximately 30%. Phase two is designed to improve the utilization of our remaining facilities, better leverage our cost structure, reduce working capital, and improve execution of customer delivery requirements. Our estimate of total phase two pre-tax costs is

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approximately $31 million to $37 million, of which $8.3 million has been incurred to date. Total phase two non-cash charges are estimated to be $9 million. Total net after-tax charges are estimated to be $19.4 million to $22.4 million. Total gross annualized savings for phase two are estimated to be $10 million by 2018. We expect to spend approximately $21 million in 2016 on phase two activities and realize approximately $2 million in operational savings.

        On a combined basis, the total estimated pre-tax cost for our transformation program related to our Americas and Asia-Pacific businesses is $63 million to $68 million, including restructuring costs of $21.2 million, goodwill and intangible asset impairments of $13.4 million and other transformation and deployment costs of approximately $28 million to $33 million. Other transformation and deployment costs include consulting and project management fees and other associated costs. Costs of the program are expected to be incurred through 2017. Refer to Note 4 and 5 in "Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules", for further details.

        Our EMEA transformation program that began in 2013, was designed to realign our European operating strategy from being a portfolio of independent businesses to a pan-European platform structure. Under this initiative, we have made progress to (1) develop better sales capabilities through improved product management and enhanced product cross-selling efforts, (2) drive more efficient sourcing and logistics, and (3) enhance our focus on emerging market opportunities. We are in the process of aligning our legal and tax structure in accordance with our business structure and to take advantage of favorable tax rates where possible. We expect this project to be ongoing through 2018. We incurred deployment costs of approximately $3.4 million, $7.5 million and $1.2 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. These costs consist primarily of external consulting and IT related costs. We anticipate total deployment costs of approximately $3 million in 2016 for the EMEA program. Total annual net savings of approximately $2 million were achieved in 2014, approximately $8 million in 2015, and anticipate annual net savings of approximately $10 million in 2016 and approximately $14 million of net savings is expected by 2018, when the project is completed. We also announced a restructuring effort in EMEA in the fourth quarter of 2015 in response to the current market conditions and to better align our internal cost base with the external market environment. The EMEA restructuring action is subject to completion of statutory and labor relations requirements, including consultation with and receipt of advisory opinions from the relevant works councils. Please see Note 4 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for a more detailed explanation of our restructuring activities.

Acquisitions and Disposals

        On November 30, 2015, we completed the acquisition of 80% of the outstanding shares of Apex, a New Zealand company, with a commitment to purchase the remaining 20% ownership within three years of closing. The aggregate purchase price was approximately $20.4 million, and we recorded a liability of $5.5 million as the estimate of the acquisition date fair value on the contractual call option to purchase the remaining 20%. The Apex acquisition will increase our presence in Asia-Pacific outside of China. Apex manufactures high-end valves for the New Zealand market that we believe could be introduced in the China market and other countries in South East Asia. We also believe there could be cost synergies to be realized through our existing sourcing capabilities. Apex's annual revenues for 2015 were approximately $12 million, of which $0.9 million was included in our 2015 Consolidated Financial Statements.

        On December 1, 2014, we completed the acquisition of AERCO, in a share purchase transaction. The aggregate purchase price was $271.5 million and was financed from a borrowing under the Company's Credit Agreement. AERCO is a leading provider of commercial high-efficiency boilers, water heaters and heating solutions in North America. AERCO is based in Blauvelt, New York and its products are distributed for commercial and municipal use primarily in North America. AERCO strengthens our strategic vision to expand into heat source products and strengthens our solutions and system offering capabilities. AERCO's annual revenues for 2014 were approximately $100 million, of which $5.3 million was included in our 2014 Consolidated Financial Statements. Please see Note 6 of

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the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information regarding operating results of AERCO.

Recent Developments

        On February 11, 2016, we declared a quarterly dividend of seventeen cents ($0.17) per share on each outstanding share of Class A common stock and Class B common stock.

        On February 12, 2016, we entered into a new Credit Agreement (the "New Credit Agreement") among the Company, certain of our subsidiaries who become borrowers under the New Credit Agreement, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, Swing Line Lender and Letter of Credit Issuer, and the other lenders referred to therein. The New Credit Agreement provides for a $500 million, five-year, senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the "Revolving Credit Facility") with a sublimit of up to $100 million in letters of credit. The New Credit Agreement also provides for a $300 million, five-year, term loan facility (the "Term Loan Facility") available to us in a single draw.

        In connection with the execution and delivery of the New Credit Agreement, we borrowed $200 million under the Revolving Credit Facility and $300 million under the Term Loan Facility on February 12, 2016 (the "Closing Date"). We used a portion of the proceeds of the borrowings made on the Closing Date under the New Credit Agreement to prepay all outstanding loans and accrued and unpaid interest thereon under the Company's Credit Agreement, dated as of February 18, 2014 (the "Prior Credit Agreement").

        Upon the repayment of all outstanding loans under the Prior Credit Agreement, the Prior Credit Agreement was terminated. We intend to use $225 million of borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility to retire all amounts outstanding under our 5.85% senior unsecured notes due April 30, 2016 on their due date. We expect to use future borrowings under the Revolving Credit Facility for acquisitions, working capital and other general corporate purposes.

        On February 16, 2016 we announced that Munish Nanda, President, Americas, has been appointed President, Americas and Europe and Eli Melhem, President, Asia-Pacific, has been appointed President, Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, and Africa. These changes will help drive synergies in sales, product development and operational practices throughout the regions. On February 9, 2016, Mario Sanchez, President, EMEA of the Company, gave notice of his decision to resign from the Company effective April 1, 2016. The Company expects that Mr. Sanchez will assist in the transition of his duties for the duration of his employment with the Company.

        On February 16, 2016, we reached an agreement in principle to settle all claims in the class action cases captioned Ponzo v. Watts Regulator Co. and Klug v. Watts Regulator Co., matters pending in the United States District Courts for the District of Massachusetts and District of Nebraska, respectively. The Ponzo and Klug matters were each brought as putative nationwide class actions seeking to recover damages and other relief based on the alleged failure of water heater connectors and FloodSafe connectors, respectively. The total settlement amount is $14 million, of which Watts is expected to pay approximately $4.1 million as its portion of the settlement, after insurance proceeds. The settlement is subject to the completion of a final written settlement agreement, preliminary court approval, and final court approval after a fairness hearing.

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Results of Operations

Year Ended December 31, 2015 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2014

        Net Sales.    Our business is reported in three geographic segments: Americas, EMEA and Asia-Pacific. Our net sales in each of these segments for the years ended December 31, 2015 and December 31, 2014 were as follows:

        The change in net sales was attributable to the following:

        Our products are sold to wholesalers, OEMs and DIY chains. The change in organic net sales by channel was attributable to the following:

        Organic net sales in the Americas increased $19.7 million compared to 2014 due to growth in our wholesale markets, particularly relating to commercial boilers, backflow and valve product sales and drainage products. Weather issues in the Northeast, Midwest and South Central U.S. over the first half of 2015 partially offset the sales increases during the year.

        Organic net sales into the EMEA wholesale, DIY and OEM markets decreased as compared to 2014 primarily due to the struggling end-markets in France, Germany and Russia. These decreases were partially offset by increased sales in the Middle East and UK markets and in our electronics business.

        Organic net sales in the Asia-Pacific wholesale market increased as compared to 2014 primarily due to increased sales of residential valve and heating products that were sold into expanded geographic regions within China. Outside China, we also increased sales in Australia during the year.

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        The net decrease in sales due to foreign exchange was primarily due to the depreciation of the euro and the Canadian dollar against the U.S. dollar in 2015. We cannot predict whether foreign currencies will appreciate or depreciate against the U.S. dollar in future periods or whether future foreign exchange rate fluctuations will have a positive or negative impact on our net sales.

        The change in net sales due to acquired/divested relates to the acquisition of AERCO in December of 2014, which contributed $104.2 million in net sales in the first eleven months of 2015 and the acquisition of Apex on November 30, 2015, which contributed $0.9 million in the last month of 2015, offset by the divestiture of our non-core product lines in the Americas and Asia-Pacific that reduced net sales by $64.0 million compared to 2014.

        Gross Profit.    Gross profit and gross profit as a percent of net sales (gross margin) for 2015 and 2014 were as follows:

        Americas' gross margin increased compared to 2014 due primarily to product mix, price realization, and material cost savings. The increase from product mix was largely due to the AERCO acquisition and the positive impact of divested products, while material cost savings improved in part due to lower copper prices. The Americas lead free foundry operated more efficiently than in the prior year. EMEA's gross margin decreased primarily due to lower overhead absorption related to volume declines and unfavorable product mix that more than offset transformation and production efficiencies. Asia-Pacific's gross margin increased primarily due to productivity initiatives and increased third-party sales offset partially by reduced intercompany activity.

        Selling, General and Administrative Expenses.    Selling, general and administrative, or SG&A, expenses increased $84.3 million, or 20.7%, in 2015 compared to 2014. The increase in SG&A expenses was attributable to the following:

        The organic increase in SG&A expenses primarily related to the settlement of certain long-term obligations, including pension obligations, of $64.7 million, increased personnel costs of $9.3 million, increased legal costs of $3.5 million, and increased product liability costs of $8.1 million, offset by decreased acquisition related costs of $4.4 million, and reduced commission and freight costs of $3.5 million. The increased personnel costs primarily relate to increased compensation costs of $4.4 million, increased stock-based compensation costs of $2.5 million, partially due to a benefit recognized in the prior year related to our former CEO's forfeiture of unvested equity awards, increased pension costs of $1.7 million and increased other employee related costs of $0.7 million, partially offset by reduced relocation costs of $1.0 million. Incremental legal costs include the impact of a settlement in principle relating to two class action lawsuits regarding legacy products. The net settlement charged to operations amounted to $3.5 million in 2015. Refer to Note 15 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for more detail. Increased product liability cost in the Americas of $8.1 million was driven by a recent increase in reported claims, a majority of which relate to divested or discontinued products, and a $2.5 million charge related to the

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resolution of certain legacy claims for undifferentiated products which we have exited. The decrease in SG&A expenses from foreign exchange was primarily due to the depreciation of the euro and the Canadian dollar against the U.S. dollar in 2015. Acquired SG&A costs relate to the AERCO and Apex acquisitions. Total SG&A expenses, as a percentage of sales, were 33.5% in 2015 and 26.9% in 2014.

        Restructuring.    In 2015, we recorded a net charge of $21.4 million primarily for the transformation of our Americas and Asia-Pacific businesses, involuntary terminations at Corporate and involuntary terminations and other costs incurred as part of our EMEA restructuring plans, as compared to $15.2 million in 2014. For a more detailed description of our current restructuring plans, see Note 4 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

        Goodwill and Other Long-Lived Asset Impairment Charges.    In 2015, we recorded impairment charges of $130.5 million, primarily relating to a $129.7 million goodwill impairment charge in the EMEA reporting unit and trade name impairment charges of $0.5 million and $0.1 million in the Americas and EMEA, respectively, compared to $14.2 million in 2014. See Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, for additional information regarding these impairments.

        Operating (Loss) Income.    Operating income (loss) by geographic segment for 2015 and 2014 was as follows:

        The increase (decrease) in operating income (loss) is attributable to the following:

        The decrease in consolidated operating income was largely due to non-cash goodwill impairment charge recorded in EMEA for $129.7 million, the settlement of certain long-term obligations, including pension obligations, of $64.7 million in Corporate and an increase in restructuring charges. Other factors contributing to the decrease included an increase in SG&A and unfavorable foreign exchange, offset partially by contribution from the AERCO acquisition. The Americas organic operating income decrease was primarily due to increased SG&A expenses related to product liability costs of $8.1 million and transformation-related costs of $7.1 million. EMEA organic operating income decrease was primarily due to volume decline.

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        Interest Expense.    Interest expense increased $4.4 million, or 22.1%, in 2015 as compared to 2014 primarily due to the interest on borrowings used to purchase AERCO in December 2014.

        Other (income) expense, net.    Other (income) expense, net, fluctuated $5.5 million to an income balance of $2.4 million in 2015 as compared to 2014, primarily due to net foreign currency transaction gains in 2015 compared to losses in 2014 as a result of the depreciation of the euro, the Chinese yuan and the Canadian dollar against the U.S. dollar and depreciation of the Canadian dollar against the euro in 2015.

        Income Taxes.    Our effective income tax rate changed to (1.7%) in 2015, from 39.5% in 2014. The significant change in the tax rate was due to the impact that non-deductible and other income tax reserve items had on a loss before income taxes reported in 2015 compared to 2014, primarily related to the goodwill impairment charge and the settlement of our pension plan and supplemental employee retirement plan obligations.

        Net (Loss) Income.    Net loss for 2015 was ($112.9) million, or ($3.24) per common share, compared to $50.3 million, or $1.42 per common share, for 2014. Results for 2015 include an after-tax charge of $126.8 million, or $3.63 per common share, for a goodwill and other long-lived asset impairment charges; $44.6 million, or $1.28 per common share, for long-term obligation settlements including pension obligations; $13.9 million, or $0.40 per common share, for restructuring; $9.0 million, or $0.26 per common share, for the EMEA and Americas transformation deployment costs; $3.7 million, or $0.11 per common share, for legal and other settlements; and $0.9 million, or $0.03 per common share, for acquisition related costs.

        Results for 2014 include net after-tax charges of $38.5 million, or $1.09 per common share, including acquisitions and impairment related costs of $0.51, restructuring and other net charges of $0.39, and EMEA and Americas transformation deployment costs of $0.19.

Results of Operations

Year Ended December 31, 2014 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2013

        Net Sales.    Our business is reported in three geographic segments: Americas, EMEA and Asia-Pacific. Our net sales in each of these segments for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013 were as follows: