Annual Statements Open main menu

WEBSTER FINANCIAL CORP - Quarter Report: 2023 September (Form 10-Q)


UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549 
_______________________________________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________-___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2023
or
Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
For the transition period from ____ to ____
Commission File Number: 001-31486
_______________________________________________________________________________________
WEBSTER FINANCIAL CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
 ______________________________________________________________________________________
Delaware 06-1187536
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
200 Elm Street, Stamford, Connecticut 06902
(Address and zip code of principal executive offices)
(203) 578-2202
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
______________________________________________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading SymbolsName of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per shareWBSNew York Stock Exchange
Depositary Shares, each representing 1/1000th interest in a shareWBS-PrFNew York Stock Exchange
of 5.25% Series F Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock
Depositary Shares, each representing 1/40th interest in a shareWBS-PrGNew York Stock Exchange
of 6.50% Series G Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    ☒  Yes    ☐  No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒  Yes    ☐  No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large Accelerated Filer
Accelerated filer
Non-accelerated filer
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes   ☒ No
The number of shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding as of November 3, 2023 was 172,035,064.



INDEX
  Page No.
Key to Acronyms and Terms
Forward-Looking Statements
Item 1.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.



i


KEY TO ACRONYMS AND TERMS
ACLAllowance for credit losses
Agency CMBSAgency commercial mortgage-backed securities
Agency CMO
Agency collateralized mortgage obligations
Agency MBS
Agency mortgage-backed securities
ALCO
Asset/Liability Committee
AOCI
Accumulated other comprehensive income
ASC
Accounting Standards Codification
ASU or the Update
Accounting Standards Update
Basel III
Capital rules under a global regulatory framework developed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision
BendBend Financial, Inc.
BHC Act
Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended
CECLCurrent expected credit losses
CET1 capital
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital, defined by Basel III capital rules
CFPBConsumer Financial Protection Bureau
CLO
Collateralized loan obligations
CMBS
Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities
COVID-19Coronavirus
CRACommunity Reinvestment Act of 1977
DTADeferred tax asset
EADExposure at default
FASB
Financial Accounting Standards Board
FDIC
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
FHLB
Federal Home Loan Bank
FICO
Fair Isaac Corporation
FRB
Federal Reserve Bank
FTEFully tax-equivalent
FTP
Funds Transfer Pricing, a matched maturity funding concept
GAAP
U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
Holding Company
Webster Financial Corporation
HSAHealth savings account
HSA Bank
HSA Bank, a division of Webster Bank, National Association
interLINKInterlink Insured Sweep LLC
IRAInflation Reduction Act
ITGCInformation technology general controls
LGDLoss given default
LIBORLondon Interbank Offered Rate
LIHTCLow-income housing tax credit
MBSNon-agency mortgage-backed securities
NAVNet asset value
OCCOffice of the Comptroller of the Currency
OPEBOther post-employment medical and life insurance benefits
OREOOther real estate owned
PCDPurchased credit-deteriorated
PDProbability of default
PPNRPre-tax, pre-provision net revenue
ROURight-of-use
S&PStandard and Poor's Rating Services
SECUnited States Securities and Exchange Commission
SERPSupplemental executive defined benefit retirement plan
SOFRSecured overnight financing rate
SterlingSterling Bancorp, collectively with its consolidated subsidiaries
TDRTroubled debt restructuring, defined in ASC 310-40 "Receivables - Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors"
Webster Bank or the BankWebster Bank, National Association, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Webster Financial Corporation
Webster or the CompanyWebster Financial Corporation, collectively with its consolidated subsidiaries
ii


FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements can be identified by words such as “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “targeted,” “continue,” “remain,” “will,” “should,” “may,” “plans,” “estimates,” and similar references to future periods. However, these words are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements.
Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
projections of revenues, expenses, income or loss, earnings or loss per share, and other financial items;
statements of plans, objectives, and expectations of the Company or its management or Board of Directors;
statements of future economic performance; and
statements of assumptions underlying such statements.
Forward-looking statements are based on the Company’s current expectations and assumptions regarding its business, the economy, and other future conditions. Because forward-looking statements relate to the future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks, and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. The Company’s actual results may differ materially from those contemplated by the forward-looking statements, which are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees or assurances of future performance. Factors that could cause our actual results to differ from those discussed in any forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:
our ability to successfully integrate the operations of Webster and Sterling and realize the anticipated benefits of the merger, including validation of our recently completed core conversion and any issues that may arise therefrom;
our ability to successfully execute our business plan and strategic initiatives, and manage any risks or uncertainties;
any continuation of the recent turmoil in the banking industry, including the associated impact of any regulatory changes or other mitigation efforts taken by government agencies in response;
volatility in Webster's stock price due to investor sentiment, including in light of the recent turmoil in the banking industry;
local, regional, national, and international economic conditions, and the impact they may have on us or our customers;
volatility and disruption in national and international financial markets, including as a result of geopolitical conflict;
unforeseen events, such as pandemics or natural disasters, and any governmental or societal responses thereto;
changes in laws and regulations, or existing laws and regulations that we become subject to, including those concerning banking, taxes, dividends, securities, insurance, and healthcare, with which we and our subsidiaries must comply;
adverse conditions in the securities markets that could lead to impairment in the value of our securities portfolio;
inflation, monetary fluctuations, the possibility of a recession, and changes in interest rates, including the impact of such changes on economic conditions, customer behavior, funding costs, and our loans and leases and securities portfolios;
possible changes in governmental monetary and fiscal policies, including, but not limited to, Federal Reserve policies in connection with continued inflationary pressures and the ability of the U.S. Congress to increase the U.S. statutory debt limit, as needed;
the impact of a potential U.S. federal government shutdown;
the timely development and acceptance of new products and services, and the perceived value of those products and services by customers;
changes in deposit flows, consumer spending, borrowings, and savings habits;
our ability to implement new technologies and maintain secure and reliable technology systems;
the effects of any cyber threats, attacks or events, or fraudulent activity, including those that involve our third-party vendors and service providers;
performance by our counterparties and third-party vendors;
our ability to increase market share and control expenses;
changes in the competitive environment among banks, financial holding companies, and other traditional and non-traditional financial service providers;
our ability to maintain adequate sources of funding and liquidity;
changes in the level of non-performing assets and charge-offs;
changes in estimates of future reserve requirements based upon periodic review under relevant regulatory and accounting requirements;
the effect of changes in accounting policies and practices applicable to us, including impacts of recently adopted accounting guidance;
our inability to remediate the material weaknesses in our internal control related to ineffective ITGCs;
legal and regulatory developments, including the resolution of legal proceedings or regulatory or other governmental inquiries, and the results of regulatory examinations or reviews; and
our ability to appropriately address any environmental, social, governmental, and sustainability concerns that may arise from our business activities.
Any forward-looking statement in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speaks only as of the date on which it is made. Factors or events that could cause the Company's actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for the Company to predict all of them. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments, or otherwise, except as may be required by law.
iii


PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis provides information that management believes is necessary to understand the Company's financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to 2022. This information should be read in conjunction with the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, and accompanying Notes thereto, contained in Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements of this report, and the Consolidated Financial Statements, and accompanying Notes thereto, contained in Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company's financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of future results that may be attained for the entire year or other interim periods.
Executive Overview
Nature of Operations
Webster Financial Corporation is a bank holding company and financial holding company under the BHC Act, incorporated under the laws of Delaware in 1986, and headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut. Webster Bank, along with its HSA Bank division, is a leading commercial bank in the Northeast that delivers a wide range of digital and traditional financial solutions to businesses, individuals, families, and partners across its three differentiated lines of business: Commercial Banking, HSA Bank, and Consumer Banking. While its core footprint spans from New York to Rhode Island and Massachusetts, certain businesses operate in extended geographies. HSA Bank is one of the largest providers of employee benefit solutions in the United States.
Recent Industry Developments
Throughout 2023, the banking industry has experienced significant volatility with multiple high-profile bank failures and industry-wide concerns related to liquidity, deposit outflows, unrealized losses on securities, and eroding consumer confidence in the banking system. Despite these negative industry developments, the Company's total deposits at September 30, 2023, were $60.3 billion, representing a net $6.3 billion increase as compared to its total deposits at December 31, 2022. The Holding Company's and the Bank's regulatory capital ratios at September 30, 2023, also remained in excess of the well-capitalized minimum as defined by capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action.
Additional information regarding regulatory capital ratios can be found within Note 10: Regulatory Capital and Restrictions in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements.
interLINK Acquisition
On January 11, 2023, Webster acquired interLINK, a technology-enabled deposit management platform that administers over $9 billion of deposits from FDIC-insured cash sweep programs between banks and broker/dealers and clearing firms. The acquisition expanded the Company's core deposit funding sources and scalable liquidity and added another technology-enabled channel to its already differentiated, omnichannel deposit gathering capabilities. At September 30, 2023, interLINK provided the Company with an additional $5.2 billion of money market deposits.
Additional information regarding the acquisition of interLINK can be found within Note 2: Mergers and Acquisitions in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements.
Sterling Integration Update
On January 31, 2022, Webster completed its merger with Sterling. In July 2023, the Company executed and completed its transition to a unified core operating system (“core conversion”). This involved changing and/or merging the legacy Webster and legacy Sterling platforms and software that had historically been used to process the Bank's daily operating activities, as well as other internal systems and applications. The completion of such core conversion marked a significant milestone in the Company's overall integration process.
LIBOR Transition Update
Effective July 1, 2023, LIBOR is no longer published for the overnight, one-month, three-month, six-month, and twelve-month settings. Alternative reference rates, including Federal fall-backs, have been incorporated into all legacy LIBOR contracts as part of the Company's LIBOR remediation plan. Any remaining legacy LIBOR contracts as of the third quarter or 2023 are set to transition to their applicable alternate reference rate at their first rate reset date after June 30, 2023.
1


Results of Operations
The following table summarizes selected financial highlights and key performance indicators:
 At or for the three months ended September 30,At or for the nine months ended September 30,
(In thousands, except per share and ratio data)2023202220232022
Income and performance ratios:
Net income$226,475 $233,968 $682,447 $399,532 
Net income available to common stockholders222,313 229,806 669,960 387,776 
Earnings per diluted common share1.28 1.31 3.85 2.32 
Return on average assets (annualized)1.23 %1.38 %1.23 %0.85 %
Return on average tangible common stockholders' equity (annualized) (non-GAAP)17.51 18.62 17.76 11.10 
Return on average common stockholders' equity (annualized)11.00 11.78 11.11 7.01 
Non-interest income as a percentage of total revenue13.34 17.10 12.42 19.12 
Asset quality:
ACL on loans and leases$635,438 $574,325 $635,438 $574,325 
Non-performing assets (1)
218,402 211,627 218,402 211,627 
ACL on loans and leases / total loans and leases1.27 %1.20 %1.27 %1.20 %
Net charge-offs / average loans and leases (annualized)0.23 0.25 0.19 0.15 
Non-performing loans and leases / total loans and leases (1)
0.43 0.44 0.43 0.44 
Non-performing assets / total loans and leases plus OREO (1)
0.44 0.44 0.44 0.44 
ACL on loans and leases / non-performing loans and leases (1)
295.48 274.12 295.48 274.12 
Other ratios:
Tangible common equity (non-GAAP)7.22 %7.27 %7.22 %7.27 %
Tier 1 risk-based capital11.64 11.35 11.64 11.35 
Total risk-based capital13.79 13.38 13.79 13.38 
CET1 risk-based capital11.12 10.80 11.12 10.80 
Stockholders' equity / total assets11.21 11.33 11.21 11.33 
Net interest margin3.49 3.54 3.49 3.35 
Efficiency ratio (non-GAAP)41.75 41.17 41.87 44.68 
Equity and share related:
Common equity$7,915,222 $7,542,431 $7,915,222 $7,542,431 
Book value per common share46.00 43.32 46.00 43.32 
Tangible book value per common share (non-GAAP)29.48 27.69 29.48 27.69 
Common stock closing price40.31 45.20 40.31 45.20 
Dividends and equivalents declared per common share0.40 0.40 1.20 1.20 
Common shares outstanding172,056 174,116 172,056 174,116 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic171,210 173,868 172,233 165,743 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - diluted171,350 173,944 172,326 165,813 
(1)Non-performing asset balances and related asset quality ratios exclude the impact of net unamortized (discounts)/premiums and net unamortized deferred (fees)/costs on loans and leases.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The non-GAAP financial measures identified in the preceding table provide both management and investors with information useful in understanding Webster's financial position, results of operations, the strength of its capital position, and overall business performance. These measures are used by management for internal planning and forecasting purposes, as well as by securities analysts, investors, and other interested parties to assess peer company operating performance. Management believes that this presentation, together with the accompanying reconciliations, provides investors with a more complete understanding of the factors and trends affecting the Company's business and allows investors to view its performance in a similar manner.
Tangible book value per common share represents stockholders’ equity less preferred stock and goodwill and other intangible assets (tangible common equity) divided by common shares outstanding at the end of the reporting period. The tangible common equity ratio represents tangible common equity divided by total assets less goodwill and other intangible assets (tangible assets). Both of these measures are used by management to evaluate the Company's capital position. The annualized return on average tangible common stockholders' equity is calculated using net income available to common stockholders, adjusted for the annualized tax-effected amortization of intangible assets, as a percentage of average tangible common equity. This measure is used by management to assess the Company's performance against its peer financial institutions. The efficiency ratio, which represents the costs expended to generate a dollar of revenue, is calculated excluding certain non-operational items in order to measure how well the Company is managing its recurring operating expenses.
2


These non-GAAP financial measures should not be considered a substitute for GAAP basis financial measures. Because
non-GAAP financial measures are not standardized, it may not be possible to compare these with other companies that present financial measures having the same or similar names.
The following tables reconcile non-GAAP financial measures to the most comparable financial measures defined by GAAP:
At September 30,
(Dollars and shares in thousands, except per share data)20232022
Tangible book value per common share:
Stockholders' equity$8,199,201 $7,826,410 
Less: Preferred stock283,979 283,979 
Common stockholders' equity$7,915,222 $7,542,431 
Less: Goodwill and other intangible assets2,843,217 2,721,040 
Tangible common stockholders' equity$5,072,005 $4,821,391 
Common shares outstanding172,056 174,116 
Tangible book value per common share$29.48 $27.69 
Book value per common share (GAAP)$46.00 $43.32 
Tangible common equity ratio:
Tangible common stockholders' equity$5,072,005 $4,821,391 
Total assets$73,130,851 $69,052,566 
Less: Goodwill and other intangible assets2,843,217 2,721,040 
Tangible assets$70,287,634 $66,331,526 
Tangible common equity ratio7.22 %7.27 %
Total common stockholders' equity to total assets (GAAP)10.82 %10.92 %
3


Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)2023202220232022
Return on average tangible common stockholders' equity:
Net income$226,475 $233,968 $682,447 $399,532 
Less: Preferred stock dividends4,162 4,162 12,487 11,756 
Add: Intangible assets amortization, tax-effected7,030 6,724 21,795 18,723 
Income adjusted for preferred stock dividends and
intangible assets amortization
$229,343 $236,530 $691,755 $406,499 
Income adjusted for preferred stock dividends and
intangible assets amortization (annualized)
$917,372 $946,120 $922,340 $541,999 
Average stockholders' equity$8,370,469 $8,090,044 $8,327,715 $7,640,807 
Less: Average preferred stock283,979 283,979 283,979 268,202 
 Average goodwill and other intangible assets2,847,560 2,725,200 2,851,264 2,491,394 
Average tangible common stockholders' equity$5,238,930 $5,080,865 $5,192,472 $4,881,211 
Return on average tangible common stockholders' equity (annualized)17.51 %18.62 %17.76 %11.10 %
Return on average common stockholders' equity (annualized) (GAAP)11.00 %11.78 %11.11 %7.01 %
Efficiency ratio:
Non-interest expense$362,578 $330,071 $1,039,134 $1,048,083 
Less: Foreclosed property activity(492)(393)(1,186)(826)
 Intangible assets amortization8,899 8,511 27,589 23,700 
Operating lease depreciation1,146 2,115 4,669 6,172 
 Merger-related expenses61,625 25,536 131,838 200,671 
Common stock contribution to charitable foundation— 10,500 — 10,500 
Strategic initiatives charges— 1,117 — (3,175)
Non-interest expense$291,400 $282,685 $876,224 $811,041 
Net interest income$587,136 $551,003 $1,766,248 $1,431,911 
Add: Tax-equivalent adjustment17,906 13,247 51,109 33,137 
 Non-interest income90,382 113,636 250,522 338,604 
 Other income (1)
3,614 11,186 12,960 18,073 
Less: Operating lease depreciation1,146 2,115 4,669 6,172 
         (Loss) on sale of investment securities— (2,234)(16,795)(2,234)
  Gain on extinguishment of borrowings— 2,548 — 2,548 
Income$697,892 $686,643 $2,092,965 $1,815,239 
Efficiency ratio41.75 %41.17 %41.87 %44.68 %
Non-interest expense as a percentage of total revenue (GAAP)53.52 %49.66 %51.52 %59.20 %
(1)Other income (non-GAAP) includes the taxable equivalent of net income generated from LIHTC investments.
Net Interest Income
Net interest income is the Company's primary source of revenue, representing 86.7% and 87.6% of total revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and 82.9% and 80.9% of total revenues for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Net interest income is the difference between interest income on interest-earning assets (i.e., loans and leases and investment securities) and interest expense on interest-bearing liabilities (i.e., deposits and borrowings), which are used to fund interest-earning assets and other activities. Net interest margin is calculated as the ratio of FTE net interest income to average interest-earning assets.
Net interest income, net interest margin, yields, and ratios on an FTE basis are considered non-GAAP financial measures, and are used by management to evaluate the comparability of the Company's revenue arising from both taxable and non-taxable sources. FTE adjustments are determined assuming a statutory federal income tax rate of 21%.
Net interest income and net interest margin are influenced by the volume and mix of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities, changes in interest rate levels, re-pricing frequencies, contractual maturities, prepayment behavior, and the use of interest rate derivative financial instruments. These factors are affected by changes in economic conditions, which impacts monetary policies, competition for loans and deposits, as well as the extent of interest lost on non-performing assets.
4


Comparison to Prior Year Quarter
Net interest income increased $36.1 million, or 6.6%, from $551.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $587.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023. On an FTE basis, net interest income increased $40.8 million. The increase in net interest income is primarily due to the higher interest rate environment and higher average loan and lease balances driven by organic loan growth in 2023, partially offset due to lower purchase accounting accretion on interest-earning assets that were acquired from Sterling. Net interest margin decreased 5 basis points from 3.54% for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to 3.49% for the three months ended September 30, 2023. The decrease in net interest margin is primarily due to lower purchase accounting accretion on interest-earning assets that were acquired from Sterling, partially offset by the impact from the higher interest rate environment.
Average total interest-earning assets increased $4.9 billion, or 8.0%, from $62.2 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $67.1 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to increases of $4.7 billion in average loans and leases and $0.6 billion in average interest-bearing deposits held at the FRB, partially offset by a $0.3 billion decrease in average investment securities. The average yield on interest-earning assets increased 153 basis points from 3.96% for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to 5.49% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the higher interest rate environment, partially offset due to lower purchase accounting accretion on interest-earning assets that were acquired from Sterling.
Average loans and leases increased $4.7 billion, or 10.1%, from $46.2 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $50.9 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to organic loan growth and a lower volume of commercial loan sales in the third quarter of 2023. At September 30, 2023, and 2022, average loans and leases comprised 75.8% and 74.3% of total average interest-earning assets, respectively. The average yield on loans and leases increased 168 basis points from 4.52% for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to 6.20% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the higher interest rate environment, partially offset due to lower purchase accounting accretion on loans and leases that were acquired from Sterling.
Average interest-bearing deposits held at the FRB increased $0.6 billion, or 102.6%, from $0.6 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $1.2 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2023, which was a direct result of the Company's risk management approach to hold higher levels of on-balance sheet liquidity in 2023. At September 30, 2023, and 2022, average interest-bearing deposits held at the FRB comprised 1.8% and 0.9% of total average interest-earning assets, respectively. The average yield on interest-bearing deposits held at the FRB increased 313 basis points from 2.19% for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to 5.32% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the higher interest rate environment.
Average total investment securities decreased $0.3 billion, or 2.3%, from $15.0 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $14.7 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to an increase in gross unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities resulting from higher market rates in the third quarter of 2023. At September 30, 2023, and 2022, the average total investment securities portfolio comprised 21.9% and 24.2% of total average interest-earning assets, respectively. The average yield on investment securities increased 69 basis points from 2.40% for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to 3.09% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the reinvestment at higher yields of securities that either had matured or were sold in 2023.
Average total interest-bearing liabilities increased $5.0 billion, or 8.4%, from $58.8 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $63.8 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to increases of $5.6 billion in average total deposits and $0.5 billion in average FHLB advances, partially offset by decreases of $0.9 billion in average federal funds purchased and $0.3 billion in average securities sold under agreements to repurchase. The average rate on interest-bearing liabilities increased 169 basis points from 0.45% for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to 2.14% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the higher interest rate environment.
Average total deposits increased $5.6 billion, or 10.4%, from $54.0 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $59.6 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2023, reflecting a $7.9 billion increase in interest-bearing deposits, partially offset by a $2.3 billion decrease in non-interest-bearing deposits. The overall increase in deposits was primarily due to the acquisition of interLINK, as well as time deposit and HSA deposit growth. At September 30, 2023, and 2022, average total deposits comprised 93.5% and 91.8% of total average interest-bearing liabilities, respectively. The average rate on deposits increased 168 basis points from 0.28% for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to 1.96% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the higher interest rate environment and growth in higher costing deposit products. Higher cost time deposits as a percentage of average total interest-bearing deposits increased from 6.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to 15.2% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to a shift in customer preferences from lower rate checking and savings products into higher rate certificates of deposit products.
5


Average FHLB advances increased $0.5 billion, or 22.6%, from $2.4 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $2.9 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to short-term funding needs and the Company's risk management approach to hold higher levels of on-balance sheet liquidity in 2023. At September 30, 2023, and 2022, average FHLB advances comprised 4.6% and 4.1% of total average interest-bearing liabilities, respectively. The average rate on FHLB advances increased 309 basis points from 2.25% for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to 5.34% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the higher interest rate environment.
Average federal funds purchased were $0.9 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2022, and had an average rate of 2.24%. There were no average federal funds purchased for the three months ended September 30, 2023. At September 30, 2022, average federal funds purchased comprised 1.5% of total average interest-bearing liabilities.
Average securities sold under agreements to repurchase decreased $0.3 billion, or 64.5%, from $0.5 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $0.2 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the Company's extinguishment of its two long-term structured repurchase agreements in mid-September 2022, and the overall timing of maturities. At September 30, 2023, and 2022, average securities sold under agreements to repurchase comprised 0.3% and 0.8% of total average interest-bearing liabilities, respectively. The average rate on securities sold under agreements to repurchase decreased 83 basis points from 0.95% for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to 0.12% for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the Company's extinguishment of its two long-term structured repurchase agreements in mid-September 2022, which were contracted at a higher cost.
Comparison to Prior Year to Date
Net interest income increased $334.3 million, or 23.3%, from $1.4 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $1.8 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. On an FTE basis, net interest income increased $352.3 million. Net interest margin increased 14 basis points from 3.35% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to 3.49% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. These increases are primarily attributed to the higher interest rate environment and higher average loan and lease balances driven by organic loan growth in 2023, partially offset due to lower purchase accounting accretion on interest-earning assets that were acquired from Sterling.
Average total interest-earning assets increased $10.2 billion, or 17.8%, from $57.6 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $67.8 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to increases of $8.6 billion, $1.3 billion, $189.9 million, and $152.2 million in average loans and leases, average interest-bearing deposits held at the FRB, average FHLB and FRB stock, and average investment securities, respectively. The average yield on interest-earning assets increased 170 basis points from 3.60% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to 5.30% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the higher interest rate environment, partially offset due to lower purchase accounting accretion on interest-earning assets that were acquired from Sterling.
Average loans and leases increased $8.6 billion, or 20.4%, from $42.1 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $50.7 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to organic loan growth. At September 30, 2023, and 2022, average loans and leases comprised 74.8% and 73.2% of average total interest-earning assets, respectively. The average yield on loans and leases increased 188 basis points from 4.14% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to 6.02% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the higher interest rate environment, partially offset due to lower purchase accounting accretion on loans and leases that were acquired from Sterling.
Average interest-bearing deposits held at the FRB increased $1.3 billion, or 200.2%, from $0.6 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $1.9 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which was a direct result of the Company's risk management approach to hold higher levels of on-balance sheet liquidity in 2023. At September 30, 2023, and 2022, average interest-bearing deposits held at the FRB comprised 2.76% and 1.08% of total average interest-earnings assets, respectively. The average yield on interest-bearing deposits held at the FRB increased 404 basis points from 1.00% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to 5.04% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the higher interest rate environment.
Average FHLB and FRB stock increased $189.9 million, or 75.2%, from $252.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $442.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the additional FHLB stock investment required as a result of the increase in FHLB advances. At September 30, 2023, and 2022, average FHLB and FRB stock comprised 0.7% and 0.4% of total average interest-earning assets, respectively. The average yield on FHLB and FRB stock increased 328 basis points from 2.52% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to 5.80% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the higher interest rate environment.
6


Average total investment securities increased $152.2 million, or 1.0%, from $14.5 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $14.7 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to purchases exceeding paydown activities. At September 30, 2023, and 2022, the total average investment securities portfolio comprised 21.7% and 25.3% of total average interest-earning assets, respectively. The average yield on investment securities increased 73 basis points from 2.22% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to 2.95% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the reinvestment at higher yields of securities that either had matured or were sold in 2023.
Average total interest-bearing liabilities increased $10.0 billion, or 18.3%, from $54.3 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $64.3 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to increases of $6.6 billion in average total deposits and $3.9 billion in average FHLB advances, partially offset by decreases of $0.3 billion in both average securities sold under agreements to repurchase and average federal funds purchased. The average rate on interest-bearing liabilities increased 166 basis points from 0.27% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to 1.93% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the higher interest rate environment.
Average total deposits increased $6.6 billion, or 12.8%, from $51.1 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $57.7 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily reflecting a $7.6 billion increase in interest-bearing deposits, partially offset by a $1.0 billion decrease in non-interest-bearing deposits. The overall increase in deposits was primarily due to the acquisition of interLINK, as well as time deposit and HSA deposit growth, partially offset by the effect of customers rebalancing their deposit concentrations as a result of the high-profile bank failures in the first and second quarters of 2023. At September 30, 2023, and 2022, average total deposits comprised 89.7% and 94.1% of total average interest-bearing liabilities, respectively. The average rate on deposits increased 146 basis points from 0.15% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to 1.61% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the higher interest rate environment and growth in higher costing deposit products. Higher cost time deposits as a percentage of average total interest-bearing deposits increased from 6.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to 13.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to a shift in customer preferences from lower rate checking and savings products into higher rate certificates of deposit products.
Average FHLB advances increased $3.9 billion, or 325.8%, from $1.2 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $5.1 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to short-term funding needs and a direct result of the Company's risk management approach to hold higher levels of on-balance sheet liquidity in 2023. At September 30, 2023, and 2022, average FHLB advances comprised 7.9% and 2.2% of total average interest-bearing liabilities, respectively. The average rate on FHLB advances increased 322 basis points from 1.87% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to 5.09% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the higher interest rate environment.
Average securities sold under agreements to repurchase decreased $0.3 billion, or 60.3%, from $0.5 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $0.2 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the Company's extinguishment of its two long-term structured repurchase agreements in mid-September 2022, and the overall timing of maturities. At September 30, 2023, and 2022, average securities sold under agreements to repurchase comprised 0.3% and 1.0% of total average interest-bearing liabilities, respectively. The average rate on securities sold under agreements to repurchase decreased 77 basis points from 0.88% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to 0.11% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the Company's extinguishment of its two long-term structured repurchase agreements in mid-September 2022, which were contracted at a higher cost.
Average federal funds purchased decreased $0.3 billion, or 53.7%, from $0.5 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $0.2 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as the additional liquidity generated from the interLINK deposit sweep program allowed for the paydown of higher rate federal funds purchased during the first quarter of 2023. At September 30, 2023, and 2022, average federal funds purchased comprised 0.3% and 0.9% of total average interest-bearing liabilities, respectively. The average rate on federal funds purchased increased 287 basis points from 1.75% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to 4.62% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the higher interest rate environment.
7


The following tables summarize daily average balances, interest, and average yield/rate by major category, and net interest margin on an FTE basis:
 Three months ended September 30,
 20232022
(Dollars in thousands)Average
Balance
Interest Income/ExpenseAverage Yield/RateAverage
Balance
Interest Income/ExpenseAverage Yield/Rate
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
Loans and leases (1)
$50,912,188 $804,930 6.20 %$46,229,678 $532,062 4.52 %
Investment securities: (2)
Taxable12,215,340 106,486 3.25 12,336,926 79,562 2.47 
Non-taxable2,471,458 13,511 2.19 2,702,584 13,999 2.07 
Total investment securities14,686,798 119,997 3.09 15,039,510 93,561 2.40 
FHLB and FRB stock355,495 7,619 8.50 326,860 1,875 2.28 
Interest-bearing deposits (3)
1,187,096 16,132 5.32 585,807 3,278 2.19 
Loans held for sale6,756 17 1.03 580 40 27.73 
Total interest-earning assets67,148,333 $948,695 5.49 %62,182,435 $630,816 3.96 %
Non-interest-earning assets6,459,493 5,823,755 
Total assets$73,607,826 $68,006,190 
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Demand deposits$11,335,734 $— — %$13,590,667 $— — %
Health savings accounts8,235,632 3,126 0.15 7,854,425 1,146 0.06 
Interest-bearing checking, money market and savings32,673,899 214,891 2.61 29,798,562 33,808 0.45 
Time deposits7,342,757 75,938 4.10 2,716,885 2,538 0.37 
Total deposits59,588,022 293,955 1.96 53,960,539 37,492 0.28 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase170,256 50 0.12 479,308 1,158 0.95 
Federal funds purchased— — — 889,818 5,084 2.24 
FHLB advances2,945,136 40,196 5.34 2,402,596 13,814 2.25 
Long-term debt (2)
1,051,380 9,452 3.70 1,075,683 9,018 3.47 
Total interest-bearing liabilities63,754,794 $343,653 2.14 %58,807,944 $66,566 0.45 %
Non-interest-bearing liabilities1,482,563 1,108,202 
Total liabilities65,237,357 59,916,146 
Preferred stock283,979 283,979 
Common stockholders' equity8,086,490 7,806,065 
Total stockholders' equity8,370,469 8,090,044 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$73,607,826 $68,006,190 
Net interest income (FTE)$605,042 $564,250 
Less: FTE adjustment(17,906)(13,247)
Net interest income$587,136 $551,003 
Net interest margin (FTE)3.49 %3.54 %
(1)Non-accrual loans have been included in the computation of average balances.
(2)For the purposes of our average yield/rate and margin computations, unsettled trades on investment securities and unrealized gain (loss) balances on securities available-for-sale and senior fixed-rate note hedges are excluded.
(3)Interest-bearing deposits are included as a component of Cash and cash equivalents on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows included in Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements.
8


 Nine months ended September 30,
 20232022
(Dollars in thousands)Average
Balance
Interest Income/ExpenseAverage Yield/RateAverage
Balance
Interest Income/ExpenseAverage Yield/Rate
Assets
Interest-earning assets:
Loans and leases (1)
$50,733,691 $2,313,030 6.02 %$42,125,526 $1,317,941 4.14 %
Investment securities: (2)
Taxable12,187,552 301,268 3.11 12,127,249 210,323 2.26 
Non-taxable2,512,744 40,730 2.16 2,420,867 36,465 2.01 
Total investment securities14,700,296 341,998 2.95 14,548,116 246,788 2.22 
FHLB and FRB stock442,429 19,204 5.80 252,559 4,768 2.52 
Interest-bearing deposits (3)
1,872,657 71,536 5.04 623,866 4,711 1.00 
Loans held for sale35,982 454 1.68 12,160 73 0.80 
Total interest-earning assets67,785,055 $2,746,222 5.30 %57,562,227 $1,574,281 3.60 %
Non-interest-earning assets6,271,968 5,448,419 
Total assets$74,057,023 $63,010,646 
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Demand deposits$11,775,500 $— — %$12,758,489 $— — %
Health savings accounts8,259,408 9,243 0.15 7,809,082 3,358 0.06 
Interest-bearing checking, money market and savings31,442,258 516,646 2.20 27,887,362 48,992 0.23 
Time deposits6,192,415 169,736 3.66 2,649,328 5,000 0.25 
Total deposits57,669,581 695,625 1.61 51,104,261 57,350 0.15 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase209,723 180 0.11 528,353 3,537 0.88 
Federal funds purchased221,266 7,760 4.62 478,038 6,338 1.75 
Other borrowings— — — — — 
FHLB advances5,104,372 196,878 5.09 1,198,754 17,034 1.87 
Long-term debt (2)
1,061,643 28,422 3.68 1,017,120 24,973 3.40 
Total interest-bearing liabilities64,266,585 $928,865 1.93 %54,326,526 $109,233 0.27 %
Non-interest-bearing liabilities1,462,723 1,043,313 
Total liabilities65,729,308 55,369,839 
Preferred stock283,979 268,202 
Common stockholders' equity8,043,736 7,372,605 
Total stockholders' equity8,327,715 7,640,807 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$74,057,023 $63,010,646 
Net interest income (FTE)$1,817,357 $1,465,048 
Less: FTE adjustment(51,109)(33,137)
Net interest income$1,766,248 $1,431,911 
Net interest margin (FTE)3.49 %3.35 %
(1)Non-accrual loans have been included in the computation of average balances.
(2)For the purposes of our average yield/rate and margin computations, unsettled trades on investment securities and unrealized gain (loss) balances on securities available-for-sale and senior fixed-rate note hedges are excluded.
(3)Interest-bearing deposits are included as a component of Cash and cash equivalents on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows included in Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements.


9


The following table summarizes the change in net interest income attributable to changes in rate and volume, and reflects net interest income on an FTE basis:
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
2023 vs. 2022
Increase (decrease) due to
2023 vs. 2022
Increase (decrease) due to
(In thousands)
Rate (1)
VolumeTotal
Rate (1)
VolumeTotal
Change in interest on interest-earning assets:
Loans and leases$219,773 $53,095 $272,868 $720,420 $274,669 $995,089 
Investment securities28,485 (2,049)26,436 92,498 2,712 95,210 
FHLB and FRB stock5,580 164 5,744 10,851 3,585 14,436 
Interest bearing-deposits9,489 3,365 12,854 57,393 9,432 66,825 
Loans held for sale(859)836 (23)(476)857 381 
Total interest income$262,468 $55,411 $317,879 $880,686 $291,255 $1,171,941 
Change in interest on interest-bearing liabilities:
Health savings accounts$1,924 $56 $1,980 $5,691 $194 $5,885 
Interest-bearing checking, money market, and savings165,796 15,287 181,083 451,029 16,625 467,654 
Time deposits59,813 13,587 73,400 128,496 36,240 164,736 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase(361)(747)(1,108)(1,224)(2,133)(3,357)
Federal funds purchased— (5,084)(5,084)4,826 (3,404)1,422 
Other borrowings— — — (1)— (1)
FHLB advances23,262 3,120 26,382 124,347 55,497 179,844 
Long-term debt644 (210)434 2,315 1,134 3,449 
Total interest expense$251,078 $26,009 $277,087 $715,479 $104,153 $819,632 
Net change in net interest income$11,390 $29,402 $40,792 $165,207 $187,102 $352,309 
(1)The change attributable to mix, a combined impact of rate and volume, is included with the change due to rate.
Provision for Credit Losses
Comparison to Prior Year Quarter
The provision for credit losses remained relatively flat at $36.5 million for both the three months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, and reflects the impact of the current macroeconomic environment on credit performance and the overall loan portfolio composition.
During the three months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, total net charge-offs were $29.3 million and $28.5 million, respectively. The net increase of $0.8 million is primarily due to an increase in net charge-offs in the commercial real estate category, partially offset by a decrease in net charge-offs in the commercial non-mortgage category.
Comparison to Prior Year to Date
The provision for credit losses totaled $114.7 million and $237.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively. The balance for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, included the establishment of the initial ACL of $175.1 million for non-PCD loans and leases that were acquired from Sterling in the merger. Excluding this charge, the provision for credit losses increased $52.2 million, primarily due to the impact of the current macroeconomic environment on credit performance and organic loan growth.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, total net charge-offs were $74.1 million and $47.1 million, respectively. The net increase of $27.0 million is primarily due to an increase in net charge-offs in the commercial real estate and asset-based lending categories, partially offset by a decrease in net charge-offs in the commercial non-mortgage category.
Additional information regarding the Company's provision for credit losses and ACL can be found under the sections captioned "Loans and Leases" through "Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Leases" contained elsewhere in this Part I - Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
10


Non-Interest Income
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)2023202220232022
Deposit service fees$41,005 $50,807 $131,859 $150,019 
Loan and lease related fees19,966 26,769 63,499 77,355 
Wealth and investment services7,254 11,419 21,232 33,260 
Mortgage banking activities42 86 230 616 
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies6,620 7,718 19,641 22,694 
(Loss) on sale of investment securities— (2,234)(16,795)(2,234)
Other income15,495 19,071 30,856 56,894 
Total non-interest income$90,382 $113,636 $250,522 $338,604 
Comparison to Prior Year Quarter
Total non-interest income decreased $23.2 million, or 20.5%, from $113.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $90.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to decreases in deposit service fees, loan and lease related fees, wealth and investment services, and other income, partially offset by a loss on sale of investment securities in the prior period.
Deposit service fees decreased $9.8 million, or 19.3%, from $50.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $41.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to lower customer account service fees and cash management and analysis fees, partially offset by higher interchange income.
Loan and lease related fees decreased $6.8 million, or 25.4%, from $26.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $20.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to lower syndication fees, loan servicing fee income, and prepayment penalties.
Wealth and investment services decreased $4.2 million, or 36.5%, from $11.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $7.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to lower investment services income in 2023, which is a direct result of the outsourcing of the consumer investment services platform effective as of the fourth quarter of 2022.
Other income decreased $3.6 million, or 18.8%, from $19.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $15.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to lower income generated from customer interest rate derivative activities and direct investments.
The Company sold $67.5 million of Municipal bonds and notes classified as available-for-sale for proceeds of $65.3 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022, which resulted in $2.2 million of gross realized losses. There were no sales of investment securities during the three months ended September 30, 2023.
Comparison to Prior Year to Date
Total non-interest income decreased $88.1 million, or 26.0%, from $338.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $250.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to decreases in other income, deposit service fees, loan and lease related fees, and wealth and investment services, and losses on sale of investment securities.
Other income decreased $26.0 million, or 45.8%, from $56.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $30.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to lower income generated from customer interest rate derivative activities and direct investments.
Deposit service fees decreased $18.2 million, or 12.1%, from $150.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $131.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to lower customer account service fees and cash management and analysis fees, partially offset by higher interchange income.
Loan and lease related fees decreased $13.9 million, or 17.9%, from $77.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $63.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to lower loan servicing fee income and prepayment penalties.
Wealth and investment services decreased $12.1 million, or 36.2%, from $33.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $21.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to lower investment services income in 2023, which is a direct result of the outsourcing of the consumer investment services platform effective as of the fourth quarter of 2022.
11


The Company sold $418.8 million of U.S. Treasury notes, Corporate securities, and Municipal bonds and notes classified as available-for-sale for proceeds of $398.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which resulted in $20.5 million of gross realized losses. The $16.8 million loss on sale of investment securities included in non-interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, represents the portion of the total charge that was not attributed to a decline in credit quality. The Company sold $67.5 million of Municipal bonds and notes classified as available-for-sale for proceeds of $65.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, which resulted in $2.2 million of gross realized losses.
Non-Interest Expense
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
(Dollars in thousands)2023202220232022
Compensation and benefits$180,333 $173,983 $526,838 $545,641 
Occupancy18,617 23,517 59,042 93,725 
Technology and equipment55,261 45,283 151,442 142,182 
Intangible assets amortization8,899 8,511 27,589 23,700 
Marketing4,810 3,918 13,446 10,868 
Professional and outside services26,874 21,618 88,693 91,041 
Deposit insurance13,310 8,026 39,356 19,996 
Other expense54,474 45,215 132,728 120,930 
Total non-interest expense$362,578 $330,071 $1,039,134 $1,048,083 
Comparison to Prior Year Quarter
Total non-interest expense increased $32.5 million, or 9.8%, from $330.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $362.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to increases in technology and equipment, other expense, compensation and benefits, deposit insurance, and professional and outside services, partially offset by a decrease in occupancy.
Technology and equipment increased $10.0 million, or 22.0%, from $45.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $55.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to a $8.2 million increase in merger-related expenses, particularly as it relates to charges associated with the core conversion completed in July 2023, and higher recurring technology service contract fees.
Other expense increased $9.3 million, or 20.5%, from $45.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $54.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to a $19.7 million increase in merger-related expenses, particularly as it relates to contract termination charges, partially offset by a decrease in community affairs costs.
Compensation and benefits increased $6.3 million, or 3.6%, from $174.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $180.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to a $3.8 million increase in merger-related expenses, particularly as it relates to severance and retention, and increases in salaries, group insurance, and other compensation costs, partially offset by the outsourcing of the consumer investment services platform effective as of the fourth quarter of 2022, and decreases in incentive compensation and commissions.
Deposit insurance increased $5.3 million, or 65.8%, from $8.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $13.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the increased initial base deposit insurance assessment rate schedules adopted by the FDIC, which took effect as of the first quarter of 2023 for all insured depository institutions, along with asset growth.
Professional and outside services increased $5.3 million, or 24.3%, from $21.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $26.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to a $7.4 million increase in merger-related expenses, particularly as it relates to charges associated with the core conversion completed in July 2023, partially offset by a decrease in other consulting charges.
Occupancy decreased $4.9 million, or 20.8%, from $23.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022, to $18.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the launch of the Company's corporate real estate consolidation plan in the second quarter of 2022, which resulted in a combined $4.3 million in related exit costs and accelerated depreciation on property and equipment in the prior period. There were no such charges in the current period.
Comparison to Prior Year to Date
Total non-interest expense remained relatively flat at approximately $1.0 billion for both the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022. Although the financial statement caption as a whole did not significantly change, notable fluctuations were experienced across all of its underlying line items.
12


Compensation and benefits decreased $18.8 million, or 3.4%, from $545.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $526.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to a $44.1 million decrease in merger-related expenses, particularly as it relates to severance and retention, decreases in incentive compensation and commissions, and the outsourcing of the consumer investment services platform effective as of the fourth quarter of 2022, partially offset by increases in salaries, group insurance, and other compensation costs.
Occupancy decreased $34.7 million, or 37.0%, from $93.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $59.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the launch of the Company's corporate real estate consolidation plan in the second quarter of 2022, which resulted in a $23.1 million ROU asset impairment charge and a combined $12.0 million in related exit costs and accelerated depreciation on property and equipment in the prior period. There were no such charges in the current period.
Technology and equipment increased $9.2 million, or 6.5%, from $142.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $151.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to higher recurring technology service contract fees, partially offset by a $6.6 million decrease in merger-related expenses resulting from lower contract termination charges in 2023.
Intangible assets amortization increased $3.9 million, or 16.4%, from $23.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $27.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the amortization expense related to the broker dealer relationship and non-competition agreement intangible assets recorded in connection with the interLINK acquisition.
Marketing increased $2.5 million, or 23.7%, from $10.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $13.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to a $2.3 million increase in merger-related charges, particularly as it relates to core conversion customer communications.
Professional and outside services decreased $2.3 million, or 2.6%, from $91.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $88.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to a $2.0 million decrease in merger-related expenses, particularly as it relates to advisory and legal fees.
Deposit insurance increased $19.4 million, or 96.8%, from $20.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $39.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the increased initial base deposit insurance assessment rate schedules adopted by the FDIC, which took effect as of the first quarter of 2023 for all insured depository institutions, along with asset growth.
Other expense increased $11.8 million, or 9.8%, from $120.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, to $132.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to a $16.1 million increase in merger-related expenses, particularly as it relates to contract termination charges and fixed asset write-offs, and increases in other miscellaneous expenses, partially offset by a decrease in community affairs costs.


13


Income Taxes
Comparison to Prior Year Quarter
For the three months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, the Company recognized income tax expense of $52.0 million and $64.1 million, respectively, reflecting effective tax rates of 18.7% and 21.5%, respectively.
The decrease in income tax expense is primarily due to a lower level of pre-tax income recognized for the three months ended September 30, 2023, which is attributed to an increase in merger-related expenses in the third quarter of 2023 as compared to 2022. The decrease in the effective tax rate reflects the impact of higher merger-related expenses, as well as the recognition of a $3.3 million net discrete benefit in the third quarter of 2023 attributable to 2022 tax return true-up adjustments.
Comparison to Prior Year to Date
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, the Company recognized income tax expense of $180.4 million and $85.3 million, respectively, reflecting effective tax rates of 20.9% and 17.6%, respectively.
The lower income tax expense recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, reflects the recognition of the
pre-tax loss and $33.6 million income tax benefit in the first quarter of 2022 associated with the Sterling merger, which resulted in decreases to both income tax expense and the effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, whereas the income tax expense recognized for nine months ended September 30, 2023, represents a more normalized effective tax rate.
Additional information regarding the Company's income taxes, including its DTAs, can be found within Note 9: Income Taxes in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Segment Reporting
The Company's operations are organized into three reportable segments that represent its primary businesses: Commercial Banking, HSA Bank, and Consumer Banking. These segments reflect how executive management responsibilities are assigned, how discrete financial information is evaluated, the type of customer served, and how products and services are provided. Segments are evaluated using PPNR. Certain Treasury activities, including the operations of interLINK, along with the amounts required to reconcile profitability metrics to those reported in accordance with GAAP, are included in the Corporate and Reconciling category. Additional information regarding the Company's reportable segments and its segment reporting methodology can be found within Note 16: Segment Reporting in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements.
The following is a description of the Company’s three reportable segments and their primary services:
Commercial Banking serves businesses with more than $2 million of revenue through its Commercial Real Estate and Equipment Finance, Middle Market, Business Banking, Asset-Based Lending and Commercial Services, Public Sector Finance, Mortgage Warehouse, Sponsor and Specialty Finance, Verticals and Support, Private Banking, and Treasury Management business units.
HSA Bank offers a comprehensive consumer-directed healthcare solution that includes HSAs, health reimbursement arrangements, flexible spending accounts, and commuter benefits. HSAs are used in conjunction with high deductible health plans in order to facilitate tax advantages for account holders with respect to health care spending and savings, in accordance with applicable laws. HSAs are distributed nationwide directly to employers and individual consumers, as well as through national and regional insurance carriers, benefit consultants, and financial advisors. HSA Bank deposits provide long duration, low-cost funding that is used to minimize the Company’s use of wholesale funding in support of its loan growth. In addition, non-interest revenue is generated predominantly through service fees and interchange income.
Consumer Banking serves individual customers and small businesses with less than $2 million of revenues by offering consumer deposits, residential mortgages, home equity lines, secured and unsecured loans, debit and credit card products, and investment services. Consumer Banking operates a distribution network consisting of 199 banking centers and 350 ATMs, a customer care center, and a full range of web and mobile-based banking services, primarily throughout southern New England and the New York Metro and Suburban markets.
14


Commercial Banking
Operating Results:
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
(In thousands)2023202220232022
Net interest income$391,386 $333,554 $1,159,306 $954,044 
Non-interest income30,605 40,497 98,257 128,670 
Non-interest expense110,306 102,415 329,397 294,375 
Pre-tax, pre-provision net revenue$311,685 $271,636 $928,166 $788,339 
Comparison to Prior Year Quarter
Commercial Banking's PPNR increased $40.0 million, or 14.7%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, due to an increase in net interest income, partially offset by a decrease in non-interest income and an increase in non-interest expense. The $57.8 million increase in net interest income is primarily due to organic loan growth and the impact of the higher interest rate environment. The $9.9 million decrease in non-interest income is primarily due to lower cash management fees, syndication fees, loan servicing fees, customer interest rate derivative activities, and prepayment penalties. The $7.9 million increase in non-interest expense is primarily due to an increase in both technology and employee-related costs in order to support balance sheet growth.
Comparison to Prior Year to Date
Commercial Banking's PPNR increased $139.8 million, or 17.7%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, due to an increase in net interest income, partially offset by a decrease in non-interest income and an increase in non-interest expense. The $205.2 million increase in net interest income is primarily due to organic loan growth and the impact of the higher interest rate environment. The $30.4 million decrease in non-interest income is primarily due to lower customer interest rate derivative activities, loan servicing fees, prepayment penalties, cash management fees, and direct investment income. The $35.0 million increase in non-interest expense is primarily due to an increase in both technology and employee-related costs in order to support balance sheet growth.
Selected Balance Sheet and Off-Balance Sheet Information:
(In thousands)At September 30,
2023
At December 31,
2022
Loans and leases$40,260,913 $40,115,067 
Deposits19,410,863 19,563,227 
Assets under administration / management (off-balance sheet)2,726,632 2,258,635 
Loans and leases increased $145.8 million, or 0.4%, at September 30, 2023, as compared to December 31, 2022, primarily due to organic growth in the commercial non-mortgage and commercial real estate categories, partially offset by net principal paydowns in the warehouse lending, equipment finance, and asset-based lending categories. Total portfolio originations for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, were $6.3 billion and $10.6 billion, respectively. The $4.3 billion decrease was primarily due to a decrease in commercial real estate and commercial non-mortgage originations.
Deposits decreased $152.4 million, or 0.8%, at September 30, 2023, as compared to December 31, 2022, primarily due to customers rebalancing their deposit concentrations as a result of the high-profile bank failures in the first and second quarters of 2023, partially offset by the seasonal inflow of municipal deposits.
Commercial Banking held $0.9 billion and $0.6 billion in assets under administration and $1.8 billion and $1.7 billion in assets under management at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. The combined increase of $0.4 billion, or 20.7%, was primarily due to customers shifting their deposits into investment accounts to purchase U.S. Treasury securities with government-backing, and higher valuations in the equity markets during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
15


HSA Bank
Operating Results:
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
(In thousands)2023202220232022
Net interest income$77,669 $58,567 $224,820 $152,702 
Non-interest income20,799 25,842 67,889 79,352 
Non-interest expense39,870 36,725 126,213 110,674 
Pre-tax net revenue$58,598 $47,684 $166,496 $121,380 
Comparison to Prior Year Quarter
HSA Bank's pre-tax net revenue increased $10.9 million, or 22.9%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, due to an increase in net interest income, partially offset by a decrease in non-interest income and an increase in non-interest expense. The $19.1 million increase in net interest income is primarily due to an increase in the net deposit interest rate spread and organic deposit growth. The $5.1 million decrease in non-interest income is primarily due to lower customer account service fees. The $3.1 million increase in non-interest expense is primarily due to an increase in compensation and benefits, higher service contract expenses related to additional account holders, and costs associated with the ongoing HSA Bank user experience build out.
Comparison to Prior Year to Date
HSA Bank's pre-tax net revenue increased $45.1 million, or 37.2%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, due to an increase in net interest income, partially offset by a decrease in non-interest income and an increase in non-interest expense. The $72.1 million increase in net interest income is primarily due to an increase in the net deposit interest rate spread and organic deposit growth. The $11.5 million decrease in non-interest income is primarily due to lower customer account service fees. The $15.5 million increase in non-interest expense is primarily due to an increase in compensation and benefits, higher service contract expenses related to additional account holders, and costs associated with the ongoing HSA Bank user experience build out.
Selected Balance Sheet and Off-Balance Sheet Information:
(In thousands)At September 30,
2023
At December 31,
2022
Deposits$8,229,618 $7,944,919 
Assets under administration, through linked investment accounts (off-balance sheet)4,094,690 3,393,832 
Deposits increased $0.3 billion, or 3.6%, at September 30, 2023, as compared to December 31, 2022, primarily due to an increase in the number of account holders and organic deposit growth. HSA deposits accounted for approximately 13.6% and 14.7% of the Company's total consolidated deposits at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
Assets under administration, through linked investment accounts, increased $0.7 billion, or 20.7%, at September 30, 2023, as compared to December 31, 2022, primarily due to additional account holders and higher valuations in the equity markets during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
16


Consumer Banking
Operating Results:
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
(In thousands)2023202220232022
Net interest income$195,315 $195,748 $610,353 $511,712 
Non-interest income26,886 33,842 81,722 92,541 
Non-interest expense105,703 109,588 321,462 312,464 
Pre-tax, pre-provision net revenue$116,498 $120,002 $370,613 $291,789 
Comparison to Prior Year Quarter
Consumer Banking's PPNR decreased $3.5 million, or 2.9%, for the three months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022, due to decreases in both net interest income and non-interest income, partially offset by a decrease in non-interest expense. The $0.4 million decrease in net interest income is primarily due to a slight decrease in deposits, partially offset by organic loan growth. The $7.0 million decrease in non-interest income is primarily due to lower investment services income driven by the outsourcing of the consumer investment services platform in the fourth quarter of 2022, and lower deposit and loan servicing fee income, partially offset by higher miscellaneous fee income. The $3.9 million decrease in non-interest expense is primarily driven by the outsourcing of the consumer investment services platform in the fourth quarter of 2022, coupled with lower technology expenses.
Comparison to Prior Year to Date
Consumer Banking's PPNR increased $78.8 million, or 27.0%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, due to an increase in net interest income, partially offset by a decrease in non-interest income and an increase in non-interest expense. The $98.6 million increase in net interest income is primarily due to organic loan growth and the impact of the higher interest rate environment. The $10.8 million decrease in non-interest income is primarily due to lower investment services income driven by the outsourcing of the consumer investment services platform in the fourth quarter of 2022, partially offset by higher miscellaneous fee income. The $9.0 million increase in non-interest expense is primarily due to increased staffing and servicing costs associated with deposit growth initiatives, which were partially offset by lower compensation and benefits expenses driven by the outsourcing of the consumer investment services platform effective as of the fourth quarter of 2022.
Selected Balance Sheet and Off-Balance Sheet Information:
(In thousands)At September 30,
2023
At December 31,
2022
Loans$9,807,617 $9,624,465 
Deposits23,624,285 23,609,941 
Assets under administration (off-balance sheet)7,614,507 7,872,397 
Loans increased $0.2 billion, or 1.9%, at September 30, 2023, as compared to December 31, 2022, primarily due to growth in residential mortgages and small business commercial loans, partially offset by net principal paydowns in home equity and other consumer loans. Total portfolio originations for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, were $1.0 billion and $2.1 billion, respectively. The $1.1 billion decrease was primarily due to the increase in market rates and low housing inventories, which resulted in lower residential mortgage originations.
Deposits increased $14.3 million, or 0.1%, at September 30, 2023, as compared to December 31, 2022, primarily due to the impact of the higher interest rate environment, which has attracted consumers to certificates of deposit and money market products, partially offset by seasonal demand deposit outflows.
Assets under administration decreased $0.3 billion, or 3.3%, at September 30, 2023, as compared to December 31, 2022, primarily due to customer investment outflows, partially offset by higher valuations in the equity markets during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
17


Financial Condition
Total assets increased $1.8 billion, or 2.6%, from $71.3 billion at December 31, 2022, to $73.1 billion at September 30, 2023. The change in total assets was primarily attributed to the following, which experienced changes greater than $100 million dollars:
Cash and cash equivalents increased $1.3 billion, primarily due to the Company's risk management approach to hold higher levels of on-balance sheet liquidity in 2023;
FHLB and FRB stock decreased $139.8 million, primarily due to the lower FHLB stock investment required as a result of the decrease in FHLB advances;
DTAs, net increased $107.3 million, primarily due to the $85.6 million deferred tax effect on the increase in other comprehensive loss;
Loans and leases increased $0.3 billion, primarily due to $7.3 billion of originations during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, particularly across the commercial non-mortgage and commercial real estate categories, partially offset by net principal paydowns and commercial loan sales; and
Goodwill and other net intangible assets increased a combined $129.8 million. Goodwill increased $117.4 million, which reflects the $143.2 million recognized in connection with the interLINK acquisition, partially offset by the impact of the Sterling merger measurement period adjustments recorded during the first quarter of 2023. The $12.4 million increase in other net intangible assets is primarily due to the $36.0 million broker dealer relationship and $4.0 million non-competition agreement recognized in connection with the interLINK acquisition, partially offset by year-to-date amortization charges.
Total liabilities increased $1.7 billion, or 2.7%, from $63.2 billion at December 31, 2022, to $64.9 billion at September 30, 2023. The change in total liabilities was primarily attributed to the following:
Total deposits increased $6.3 billion, reflecting a $7.8 billion increase in interest-bearing deposits, partially offset by a $1.5 billion decrease in non-interest-bearing deposits. The overall increase in deposits is primarily due to the $5.2 billion of sweep money market deposits added as a result of the interLINK acquisition, as well as time deposit and HSA deposit growth, partially offset by the impact of customers rebalancing their deposit concentrations as a result of the high-profile bank failures in the first and second quarters of 2023;
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings decreased $1.0 billion, primarily due to $0.9 billion of federal funds purchased at December 31, 2022, as compared to none at September 30, 2023. The additional liquidity generated from the interLINK deposit sweep program allowed for the paydown of higher rate federal funds purchased in the first quarter of 2023;
FHLB advances decreased $3.7 billion, as the additional liquidity generated from the interLINK deposit sweep program allowed for the paydown of FHLB advances;
Long-term debt decreased $22.6 million, primarily due to the repurchase and retirement of $17.5 million of the 4.375% Senior fixed-rate notes due February 15, 2024;
Accrued expenses and other liabilities increased $100.2 million, primarily due to increases in treasury derivative liabilities, accrued interest payable, and unfunded LIHTC commitments, partially offset by the payment of accrued employee bonuses in the first quarter of 2023, and a decrease in operating lease liabilities.
Total stockholders' equity increased $0.1 billion, or 1.8%, from $8.1 billion at December 31, 2022, to $8.2 billion at
September 30, 2023. The change in total stockholders' equity was attributed to the following:
The adoption of ASU No. 2022-02, which resulted in a $4.2 million cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings;
Net income recognized of $682.4 million;
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax, of $230.8 million, primarily due to increases in unrealized losses resulting from higher market rates, impacting both the available-for-sale securities portfolio and cash flow hedges;
Dividends paid to common and preferred stockholders of $209.2 million and $12.5 million, respectively;
Employee stock-based compensation plan activity of $40.2 million, inclusive of restricted stock amortization and forfeitures, and stock options exercised of $1.7 million; and
Repurchases of common stock of $108.8 million under the Company's common stock repurchase program and $15.8 million related to employee stock-based compensation plans.
18


Investment Securities
Through its Corporate Treasury function, the Company maintains and invests in debt securities that are primarily used to provide a source of liquidity for operating needs, to generate interest income, and as a means to manage the Company's
interest-rate risk. The Company's investment securities are classified into two major categories: available-for-sale and
held-to-maturity.
The ALCO manages the Company's investment securities in accordance with regulatory guidelines and corporate policies, which include limitations on aspects such as concentrations in and types of investments, as well as minimum risk ratings per type of security. In addition, the OCC may further establish individual limits on certain types of investments if the concentration in such security presents a safety and soundness concern. At both September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the Company had investment securities totaling $14.5 billion, with an average risk weighting for regulatory purposes of 17.3% and 19.0%, respectively. Although the Bank held the entirety of the Company's investment securities portfolio at both September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the Holding Company may also directly hold investment securities.
The following table summarizes the balances and percentage composition of the Company's investment securities:
 At September 30, 2023At December 31, 2022
(In thousands)Amount%Amount%
Available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury notes$387,0215.1 %$717,0409.1 %
Government agency debentures248,5363.2 258,3743.3 
Municipal bonds and notes1,523,32219.9 1,633,20220.7 
Agency CMO49,9050.7 59,9650.8 
Agency MBS2,252,63529.4 2,158,02427.3 
Agency CMBS1,755,13122.9 1,406,48617.8 
CMBS786,60210.3 896,64011.4 
CLO— 2,107— 
Corporate debt601,5827.9 704,4128.9 
Private label MBS39,8780.5 44,2490.6 
Other8,7790.1 12,1980.1 
Total available-for-sale securities$7,653,391100.0 %$7,892,697100.0 %
Held-to-maturity:
Agency CMO$24,4060.4 %$28,3580.4 %
Agency MBS2,470,19235.9 2,626,11440.0 
Agency CMBS3,363,39048.9 2,831,94943.1 
Municipal bonds and notes (1)
917,75513.3 928,84514.2 
CMBS100,2321.5 149,6132.3 
Total held-to-maturity securities$6,875,975100.0 %$6,564,879100.0 %
Total investment securities$14,529,366$14,457,576
(1)The balances at both September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, exclude the $0.2 million ACL recorded on held-to-maturity securities.
Available-for-sale securities decreased $0.2 billion, or 3.0%, from $7.9 billion at December 31, 2022, to $7.7 billion at
September 30, 2023, primarily due to sales of $0.4 billion in U.S. Treasury notes, Corporate debt securities, and Municipal bonds and notes, and the increase in gross unrealized losses, partially offset by purchases exceeding paydown activities, particularly across the Agency MBS, Agency CMBS, and CMBS categories. The sale of available-for-sale securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, resulted in $20.5 million of gross realized losses, $3.8 million of which was attributed to a decline in credit quality, and therefore has been included in the Provision for credit losses. The average FTE yield on the available-for-sale portfolio was 3.14% and 2.96% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, as compared to 2.38% and 2.20% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The 76 basis point increase for both periods is primarily due to higher market rates on securities purchased in 2023.
19


At September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, gross unrealized losses on available-for-sale securities were $1.1 billion and $0.9 billion, respectively. The $0.2 billion increase is primarily due to higher market rates. Available-for-sale securities are evaluated for credit losses on a quarterly basis. No ACL was recorded on available-for-sale securities as of either period as each of the securities in the Company's portfolio are investment grade, current as to principal and interest, and their price changes are consistent with interest and credit spreads when adjusting for convexity, rating, and industry differences. At September 30, 2023, based on current market conditions and the Company's current targeted balance sheet composition strategy, the Company intends to hold its available-for-sale securities in unrealized loss positions through the anticipated recovery period, and it is more-likely-than-not that the Company will not have to sell these available-for-sale securities before the recovery of the entire amortized cost basis.
Held-to-maturity securities increased $0.3 billion, or 4.7%, from $6.6 billion at December 31, 2022, to $6.9 billion at
September 30, 2023, primarily due to purchases exceeding paydown activities, particularly across the Agency MBS and Agency CMBS categories. The average FTE yield on the held-to-maturity portfolio was 3.01% and 2.94% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, as compared to 2.43% and 2.25% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. The 58 and 69 basis point increases, respectively, are primarily due to higher market rates on securities purchased in 2023.
At September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, gross unrealized losses on held-to-maturity securities were $1.2 billion and $0.8 billion, respectively. The $0.4 billion increase is primarily due to higher market rates. Held-to-maturity securities are evaluated for credit losses on a quarterly basis under the CECL methodology. At both September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the ACL on held-to-maturity securities was $0.2 million.
The following table summarizes the book value of investment securities by the earlier of either contractual maturity or call date, as applicable, along with the respective weighted-average yields:
At September 30, 2023
1 Year or Less1 - 5 Years5 - 10 YearsAfter 10 YearsTotal
(Dollars in thousands)Amount
Weighted-
Average
Yield (1)
Amount
Weighted-
Average
Yield (1)
Amount
Weighted-
Average
Yield (1)
Amount
Weighted-
Average
Yield (1)
Amount
Weighted-
Average
Yield (1)
Available-for-sale:
U.S. Treasury notes$24,064 1.30 %$362,957 1.28 %$— — %$— — %$387,021 1.28 %
Government agency debentures— — 73,257 2.41 6,976 2.20 168,303 3.26 248,536 2.98 
Municipal bonds and notes12,406 2.17 167,706 1.63 644,252 1.55 698,958 1.58 1,523,322 1.58 
Agency CMO— — 351 2.96 4,795 3.14 44,759 2.89 49,905 2.91 
Agency MBS12 (4.55)19,048 1.30 136,130 1.74 2,097,445 2.93 2,252,635 2.85 
Agency CMBS1,589 2.27 106,916 1.09 22,116 2.15 1,624,510 3.43 1,755,131 3.27 
CMBS— — 68,704 6.91 — — 717,898 6.88 786,602 6.88 
Corporate debt9,215 3.44 157,763 2.55 380,332 3.19 54,272 3.54 601,582 3.06 
Private label MBS— — — — — — 39,878 4.01 39,878 4.01 
Other— — 4,745 3.80 4,034 2.71 — — 8,779 3.30 
Total available-for-sale securities$47,286 1.97 %$961,447 2.03 %$1,198,635 2.12 %$5,446,023 3.45 %$7,653,391 3.06 %
Held-to-maturity:
Agency CMO$— — %$— — %$— — %$24,406 2.90 %$24,406 2.90 %
Agency MBS148 3.13 833 2.12 26,693 2.49 2,442,518 2.47 2,470,192 2.47 
Agency CMBS— — — — 124,287 2.67 3,239,103 3.12 3,363,390 3.10 
Municipal bonds and notes8,186 3.32 56,204 3.25 212,301 2.69 641,064 3.22 917,755 3.10 
CMBS— — — — — — 100,232 2.66 100,232 2.66 
Total held-to-maturity securities$8,334 3.31 %$57,037 3.23 %$363,281 2.67 %$6,447,323 2.87 %$6,875,975 2.86 %
Total investment securities$55,620 2.17 %$1,018,484 2.10 %$1,561,916 2.24 %$11,893,346 3.14 %$14,529,366 2.97 %
(1)Weighted-average yields exclude FTE adjustments, and are calculated using the sum of the total book value multiplied by the yield divided by the sum of the total book value for each security, major type, and maturity bucket.
Additional information regarding the Company's investment securities' portfolios can be found within Note 3: Investment Securities in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements.
20


Loans and Leases
The following table summarizes the amortized cost and percentage composition of the Company's loans and leases:
 At September 30, 2023At December 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)Amount%Amount%
Commercial non-mortgage$16,508,18833.0 %$16,392,79532.9 %
Asset-based1,632,9623.3 1,821,6423.7 
Commercial real estate13,348,49526.6 12,997,16326.1 
Multi-family7,234,75914.4 6,621,98213.3 
Equipment financing1,431,8582.9 1,628,3933.3 
Warehouse lending118,4780.2 641,9761.3 
Residential8,228,45116.4 7,963,42016.0 
Home equity1,533,0463.1 1,633,1073.3 
Other consumer51,9090.1 63,9480.1 
Total loans and leases (1)
$50,088,146100.0 %$49,764,426100.0 %
(1)The amortized cost balances at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, exclude the ACL recorded on loans and leases of $635.4 million and $594.7 million, respectively.
The following table summarizes loans and leases by contractual maturity, along with the indication of whether interest rates are fixed or variable:
At September 30, 2023
(In thousands)1 Year or Less1 - 5 Years5 - 15 YearsAfter 15 YearsTotal
Fixed rate:
Commercial non-mortgage$148,655 $606,978 $2,255,590 $1,540,099 $4,551,322 
Asset-based26,863 22,288 — — 49,151 
Commercial real estate533,984 1,911,013 1,118,623 119,612 3,683,232 
Multi-family339,336 2,893,705 1,366,070 63,685 4,662,796 
Equipment financing150,523 1,010,986 270,349 — 1,431,858 
Residential447 58,856 391,502 5,036,580 5,487,385 
Home equity3,955 24,580 175,486 207,500 411,521 
Other consumer13,977 8,162 308 136 22,583 
Total fixed rate loans and leases$1,217,740 $6,536,568 $5,577,928 $6,967,612 $20,299,848 
Variable rate:
Commercial non-mortgage$3,758,122 $7,630,541 $499,569 $68,634 $11,956,866 
Asset-based369,057 1,209,493 5,261 — 1,583,811 
Commercial real estate2,019,188 4,810,103 2,140,275 695,697 9,665,263 
Multi-family298,155 1,090,687 1,156,737 26,384 2,571,963 
Warehouse lending118,478 — — — 118,478 
Residential632 10,526 307,574 2,422,334 2,741,066 
Home equity2,111 6,665 135,247 977,502 1,121,525 
Other consumer5,608 14,336 2,486 6,896 29,326 
Total variable rate loans and leases$6,571,351 $14,772,351 $4,247,149 $4,197,447 $29,788,298 
Total loans and leases (1)
$7,789,091 $21,308,919 $9,825,077 $11,165,059 $50,088,146 
(1)Amounts due exclude total accrued interest receivable of $261.7 million.
21


Credit Policies and Procedures
The Bank has credit policies and procedures in place designed to support its lending activities within an acceptable level of risk, which are reviewed and approved by management and the Board of Directors on a regular basis. To assist with this process, management inspects reports generated by the Company's loan reporting systems related to loan production, loan quality, concentrations of credit, loan delinquencies, non-performing loans, and potential problem loans.
Commercial non-mortgage, asset-based, equipment finance, and warehouse lending loans are underwritten after evaluating and understanding the borrower’s ability to operate and service its debt. Assessment of the borrower's management is a critical element of the underwriting process and credit decision. Once it has been determined that the borrower’s management possesses sound ethics and a solid business acumen, current and projected cash flows are examined to determine the ability of the borrower to repay obligations, as contracted. Commercial non-mortgage, asset-based, and equipment finance loans are primarily made based on the identified cash flows of the borrower, and secondarily on the underlying collateral provided by the borrower. Warehouse lending loans are primarily made based on the borrower's ability to originate high-quality, first-mortgage residential loans that can be sold into the agency, government, or private jumbo markets, and secondarily on the underlying cash flows of the borrower. However, the cash flows of borrowers may not be as expected, and the collateral securing these loans, as applicable, may fluctuate in value. Most commercial non-mortgage, asset-based, and equipment finance loans are secured by the assets being financed and may incorporate personal guarantees of the principal balance. Warehouse lending loans are generally uncommitted facilities.
Commercial real estate loans, including multi-family, are subject to underwriting standards and processes similar to those for commercial non-mortgage, asset-based, equipment finance, and warehouse lending loans. These loans are primarily viewed as cash flow loans, and secondarily as loans secured by real estate. Repayment of commercial real estate loans is largely dependent on the successful operation of the property securing the loan, the market in which the property is located, and the tenants of the property securing the loan. The properties securing the Company’s commercial real estate portfolio are diverse in terms of type and geographic location, which reduces the Company's exposure to adverse economic events that may affect a particular market. Management monitors and evaluates commercial real estate loans based on collateral, geography, and risk grade criteria. All transactions are appraised to determine market value. Commercial real estate loans may be adversely affected by conditions in the real estate markets or in the general economy. Management periodically utilizes third-party experts to provide insight and guidance about economic conditions and trends affecting its commercial real estate loan portfolio.
Consumer loans are subject to policies and procedures developed to manage the specific risk characteristics of the portfolio. These policies and procedures, coupled with relatively small individual loan amounts and predominately collateralized loan structures, are spread across many different borrowers, minimizing the level of credit risk. Trend and outlook reports are reviewed by management on a regular basis, and policies and procedures are modified or developed, as needed. Underwriting factors for residential mortgage and home equity loans include the borrower’s FICO score, the loan amount relative to property value, and the borrower’s debt-to-income level. The Bank originates both qualified mortgage and non-qualified mortgage loans, as defined by applicable CFPB rules.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Leases
The ACL on loans and leases increased $40.7 million, or 6.8%, from $594.7 million at December 31, 2022, to $635.4 million at September 30, 2023, primarily due to the impact of the current macroeconomic environment on credit performance and organic loan growth, partially offset by year to date net charge-offs.
The following table summarizes the percentage allocation of the ACL across the loans and leases categories:
At September 30, 2023At December 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)Amount
% (1)
Amount
% (1)
Commercial non-mortgage$222,73535.0 %$197,95033.3 %
Asset-based19,2893.0 16,0942.7 
Commercial real estate232,17736.5 214,77136.1 
Multi-family85,53913.5 80,65213.6 
Equipment financing24,1163.8 23,0813.9 
Warehouse lending6370.1 5770.1 
Residential22,7933.6 26,9074.5 
Home equity27,6674.4 32,2965.4 
Other consumer4850.1 2,4130.4 
Total ACL on loans and leases$635,438100.0 %$594,741100.0 %
(1)The ACL allocated to a single loan and lease category does not preclude its availability to absorb losses in other categories.
22


Methodology
The Company's ACL on loans and leases is considered to be a critical accounting policy. The ACL on loans and leases is a contra-asset account that offsets the amortized cost basis of loans and leases for the credit losses that are expected to occur over the life of the asset. Executive management reviews and advises on the adequacy of the allowance, which is maintained at a level that management deems to be sufficient to cover expected losses within the loan and lease portfolios.
The ACL on loans and leases is determined using the CECL model, whereby an expected lifetime credit loss is recognized at the origination or purchase of an asset, including those acquired through a business combination, which is then reassessed at each reporting date over the contractual life of the asset. The calculation of expected credit losses includes consideration of past events, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable economic forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amounts. Generally, expected credit losses are determined through a pooled, collective assessment of loans and leases with similar risk characteristics. However, if the risk characteristics of a loan or lease change such that it no longer matches that of the collectively assessed pool, it is removed from the population and individually assessed for credit losses. The total ACL on loans and leases recorded by management represents the aggregated estimated credit loss determined through both the collective and individual assessments.
Collectively Assessed Loans and Leases. Collectively assessed loans and leases are segmented based on product type, credit quality, risk ratings, and/or collateral types within its commercial and consumer portfolios, and expected losses are determined using a PD, LGD, and EAD, loss rate, or discounted cash flow framework.
For portfolios using the PD/LGD/EAD framework, credit losses are calculated as the product of the probability of a loan defaulting, expected loss given the occurrence of a default, and the expected exposure of a loan at default. Summing the product across loans over their lives yields the lifetime expected credit losses for a given portfolio. Management's PD and LGD calculations are predictive models that measure the current risk profile of the loan pools using forecasts of future macroeconomic conditions, historical loss information, loan-level risk attributes, and credit quality indicators. The calculation of EAD follows an iterative process to determine the expected remaining principal balance of a loan based on historical paydown rates for loans of a similar segment within the same portfolio. The calculation of portfolio exposure in future quarters incorporates expected losses, the loan's amortization schedule, and prepayment rates.
Under the loss rate method, expected credit losses are estimated using a loss rate that is multiplied by the amortized cost of the asset at the balance sheet date. For each loan segment identified above, management applies an expected historical loss trend based on third-party loss estimates, and correlates them to observed economic metrics and reasonable and supportable forecasts of economic conditions. Under the discounted cash flow method, expected credit losses are determined by comparing the amortized cost of the asset at the balance sheet date to the present value of estimated future principal and interest payments expected to be collected over the remaining life of the asset. The Company's loss model generates cash flow projections at the loan level based on reasonable and supportable projections, from which management estimates payment collections adjusted for accelerated payments, recovery time, PD, and LGD.
The Company's models incorporate a single economic forecast scenario and macroeconomic assumptions over a reasonable and supportable forecast period. The development of the reasonable and supportable forecast assumes each macroeconomic variable will revert to long-term expectations, with reversion characteristics unique to specific economic indicators and forecasts. Reversion towards long-term expectations generally begins two to three years from the forecast start date and is complete within three to five years. Certain models use output reversion and revert to mean historical portfolio loss rates on a
straight-line basis in the third year of the forecast. Other models use input reversion and revert to the mean of macroeconomic variables in reasonable and supportable forecasts.
The Company incorporates forecasts of macroeconomic variables in the determination of expected credit losses. Macroeconomic variables are selected for each class of financing receivable based on relevant factors, such as asset type and the correlation of the variables to credit losses, among others. Data from the forecast scenario of these variables is used as an input to the modeled loss calculation.
A portion of the collective ACL is comprised of qualitative adjustments for risk characteristics that are not reflected or captured in the quantitative models, but are likely to impact the measurement of estimated credit losses. Qualitative factors are based on management's judgement of the Company, market, industry, or business specific data including loan trends, portfolio segment composition, and loan rating or credit scores. Qualitative adjustments may be applied in relation to economic forecasts when relevant facts and circumstances are expected to impact credit losses, particularly in times of significant volatility in economic activity.
23


Individually Assessed Loans and Leases. If the risk characteristics of a loan or lease change such that it no longer matches the risk characteristics of the collectively assessed pool, it is removed from the population and individually assessed for credit losses. Generally, all non-accrual loans, loans with a charge-off, and collateral dependent loans where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty, are individually assessed. The measurement method used to calculate the expected credit loss on an individually assessed loan or lease is dependent on the type and whether the loan or lease is considered to be collateral dependent. Methods for collateral dependent loans are either based on the fair value of the collateral less estimated cost to sell (when the basis of repayment is the sale of collateral), or the present value of the expected cash flows from the operation of the collateral. For non-collateral dependent loans, either a discounted cash flow method or other loss factor method is used. Any individually assessed loan or lease for which no specific valuation allowance is deemed necessary is either the result of sufficient cash flows or sufficient collateral coverage relative to the amortized cost of the asset.
Additional information regarding the Company's ACL methodology can be found within Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Asset Quality Ratios
The Company manages asset quality using risk tolerance levels established through the Company's underwriting standards, servicing, and management of its loan and lease portfolio. Loans and leases for which a heightened risk of loss has been identified are regularly monitored to mitigate further deterioration and preserve asset quality in future periods. Non-performing assets, credit losses, and net charge-offs are considered by management to be key measures of asset quality.
The following table summarizes key asset quality ratios and their underlying components:
(Dollars in thousands)At September 30,
2023
At December 31, 2022
Non-performing loans and leases (1)
$215,053 $203,791 
Total loans and leases50,088,146 49,764,426 
Non-performing loans and leases as a percentage of loans and leases 0.43 %0.41 %
Non-performing assets (1)
$218,402 $206,136 
Total loans and leases$50,088,146 $49,764,426 
Add: OREO3,349 2,345 
Total loans and leases plus OREO$50,091,495 $49,766,771 
Non-performing assets as a percentage of loans and leases plus OREO0.44 %0.41 %
Non-performing assets (1)
$218,402 $206,136 
Total assets73,130,851 71,277,521 
Non-performing assets as a percentage of total assets 0.30 %0.29 %
ACL on loans and leases$635,438 $594,741 
Non-performing loans and leases (1)
215,053 203,791 
ACL on loans and leases as a percentage of non-performing loans and leases295.48 %291.84 %
ACL on loans and leases$635,438 $594,741 
Total loans and leases50,088,146 49,764,426 
ACL on loans and leases as a percentage of loans and leases1.27 %1.20 %
ACL on loans and leases$635,438$594,741
Net charge-offs98,78067,288
Ratio of ACL on loans and leases to net charge-offs (2)
6.43x8.84x
(1)Non-performing assets balances and related asset quality ratios exclude the impact of net unamortized (discounts)/premiums and net unamortized deferred (fees)/costs on loans and leases.
(2)Calculated for the September 30, 2023, period based on annualized year-to-date net charge-offs.
24


The following table summarizes net charge-offs (recoveries) as a percentage of average loans and leases for each category:
At or for the three months ended September 30,
20232022
(Dollars in thousands)Net
Charge-offs (Recoveries)
Average Balance
% (1)
Net
Charge-offs (Recoveries)
Average Balance
% (1)
Commercial non-mortgage$1,827$17,077,1100.04 %$24,388$14,404,3630.68 %
Asset-based2,9991,663,4810.72 (1)1,811,073— 
Commercial real estate19,73613,451,1600.59 4,68412,430,0260.15 
Multi-family7,163,174— 2016,073,0510.01 
Equipment financing2,5061,479,8210.68 6711,741,2140.15 
Warehouse lending282,845— 635,203— 
Residential(129)8,200,938(0.01)(515)7,384,704(0.03)
Home equity1,0871,539,8240.28 (1,285)1,673,477(0.31)
Other consumer1,28653,8359.56 38376,5672.00 
Total$29,312$50,912,1880.23 %$28,526$46,229,6780.25 %
At or for the nine months ended September 30,
20232022
(Dollars in thousands)Net
Charge-offs (Recoveries)
Average Balance
% (1)
Net
Charge-offs (Recoveries)
Average Balance
% (1)
Commercial non-mortgage$5,808$16,936,9540.05 %$42,023$12,917,6150.43 %
Asset-based16,1881,736,3741.24 (48)1,735,435— 
Commercial real estate48,12913,407,0470.48 7,41010,850,8950.09 
Multi-family1,0336,962,9830.02 4045,830,6300.01 
Equipment financing1,6671,556,0900.14 1,0301,645,4530.08 
Warehouse lending417,950— 518,941— 
Residential(963)8,088,625(0.02)(1,067)6,874,793(0.02)
Home equity(146)1,572,045(0.01)(3,652)1,668,474(0.29)
Other consumer2,36955,6235.68 95583,2901.53 
Total $74,085$50,733,6910.19 %$47,055$42,125,5260.15 %
(1)Percentage represents annualized year-to-date net charge-offs (recoveries) to average loans and leases within the comparable category.
Net charge-offs for both the three months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, reflect the effects of the Company's commercial portfolio optimization charges. Although total net charge-offs modestly increased for the three months ended September 30, 2023, as compared to 2022, net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases respectively decreased from 0.25% to 0.23%, due to the higher average loans and leases balance in 2023.
Net charge-offs as a percentage of average loans and leases were 0.19% and 0.15% for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively. The increased level of net charge-offs is primarily due to the impact of the current macroeconomic environment on credit performance and higher commercial portfolio optimization charges in 2023.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company manages its cash flow requirements through proactive liquidity measures at both the Holding Company and the Bank. In order to maintain stable, cost-effective funding, and to promote overall balance sheet strength, the liquidity position of the Company is continuously monitored, and adjustments are made to balance sources and uses of funds, as appropriate.
At September 30, 2023, management is not aware of any events that are reasonably likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s liquidity position, capital resources, or operating activities. Although regulatory agencies have not issued formal guidance mandating more stringent liquidity and capital requirements, the Company is anticipating a greater focus on the liquidity and capital adequacy of financial institutions in response to the high-profile bank failures that occurred during the first and second quarters of 2023, and has taken appropriate measures to mitigate the risk that such requirements, if implemented, may have on its business, financial positions, and results of operations.
25


Cash inflows are provided through a variety of sources, including principal and interest payments on loans and investments, unpledged securities that can be sold or utilized to secure funding, and new deposits. The Company is committed to maintaining a strong base of core deposits, which consists of demand, interest-bearing checking, savings, health savings, and money market accounts, to support growth in its loan portfolios. Management actively monitors the interest rate environment and makes adjustments to its deposit strategy in response to evolving market conditions, bank funding needs, and client relationship dynamics.
Holding Company Liquidity. The primary source of liquidity at the Holding Company is dividends from the Bank. To a lesser extent, investment income, net proceeds from investment sales, borrowings, and public offerings may provide additional liquidity. The Holding Company generally uses its funds for principal and interest payments on senior notes, subordinated notes, and junior subordinated debt, dividend payments to preferred and common stockholders, repurchases of its common stock, and purchases of investment securities, as applicable.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Bank paid $250.0 million and $500.0 million in dividends to the Holding Company, respectively. At September 30, 2023, there was $693.9 million of retained earnings available for the payment of dividends by the Bank to the Holding Company. On October 24, 2023, the Bank was approved to pay the Holding Company $100.0 million in dividends for the fourth quarter of 2023.
There are certain restrictions on the Bank's payment of dividends to the Holding Company, which can be found within
Note 10: Regulatory Capital and Restrictions in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements of this report, and in the section captioned "Supervision and Regulation" in Part I - Item 1. Business of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
The quarterly cash dividend to common stockholders remained at $0.40 per common share during the three months ended
September 30, 2023. On October 24, 2023, it was announced that the Holding Company’s Board of Directors had declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.40 per share on Webster common stock. For the Series F Preferred Stock and Series G Preferred Stock, quarterly cash dividends of $328.125 per share and $16.25 per share were declared, respectively. The Company continues to monitor economic forecasts, anticipated earnings, and its capital position in the determination of its dividend payments.
The Holding Company maintains a common stock repurchase program, which was approved by the Board of Directors, that authorizes management to purchase shares of its common stock in open market or privately negotiated transactions, through block trades, and pursuant to any adopted predetermined trading plan, subject to certain conditions. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Holding Company repurchased 1,201,476 shares under the program at a weighted-average price of $41.60 per share, totaling $50.0 million. At September 30, 2023, the Holding Company's remaining purchase authority was $293.4 million. In addition, the Company will periodically acquire common shares outside of the repurchase program related to employee stock compensation plan activity. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 8,777 shares at a weighted-average price of $41.18 per share, totaling $0.4 million, for this purpose.
The IRA imposes a 1% excise tax on the value of net stock repurchased by certain publicly traded corporations, including the Company, after December 31, 2022. At September 30, 2023, the Company recorded a $0.8 million liability for such excise tax owed, with an offset to Treasury stock on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Webster Bank Liquidity. The Bank's primary source of funding is core deposits. Including time deposits, the Bank had a loan to total deposit ratio of 83.0% and 92.1% at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
The Bank is required by OCC regulations to maintain a sufficient level of liquidity to ensure safe and sound operations. The adequacy of liquidity, as assessed by the OCC, depends on factors such as overall asset and liability structure, market conditions, competition, and the nature of the institution’s deposit and loan customers. At September 30, 2023, the Bank exceeded all regulatory liquidity requirements. The Company has designed a detailed contingency plan in order to respond to any liquidity concerns in a prompt and comprehensive manner, including early detection of potential problems and corrective action to address liquidity stress scenarios.
Capital Requirements. The Holding Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory actions by regulators that could have a direct material effect on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, both the Holding Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items calculated pursuant to regulatory directives. Capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.
26


Quantitative measures established by Basel III to ensure capital adequacy require financial institutions to maintain minimum ratios of CET1 capital, Tier 1 capital, Total capital to risk-weighted assets, and Tier 1 capital to average tangible assets (as defined in the regulations). At September 30, 2023, both the Holding Company and the Bank were classified as well-capitalized. Management believes that no events or changes have occurred subsequent to quarter-end that would change this designation.
In accordance with regulatory capital rules, the Company elected an option to delay the estimated impact of the adoption of CECL on its regulatory capital over a two-year deferral period, which ended on January 1, 2022, and subsequent three-year transition period ending on December 31, 2024. During the three-year transition period, capital ratios will phase out the aggregate amount of the regulatory capital benefit provided from the delayed CECL adoption in the initial two years. For 2022, 2023, and 2024, the Company is allowed 75%, 50%, and 25%, respectively, of the regulatory capital benefit as of
December 31, 2021, with full absorption occurring in 2025. At September 30, 2023, the regulatory capital benefit allowed from the delayed CECL adoption resulted in a 6, 6, and 4 basis point increase to the Holding Company's and the Bank's CET1 capital to total risk-weighted assets (CET1 risk-based capital), Tier 1 capital to total risk-weighted assets (Tier 1 risk-based capital), and Tier 1 capital to average tangible assets (Tier 1 leverage capital), respectively, and a 1 basis point decrease to Total capital to total risk-weighted assets (Total risk-based capital). Both the Holding Company's and the Bank's regulatory ratios remain in excess of being well-capitalized, even without the regulatory capital benefit of the delayed CECL adoption impact.
Additional information regarding the required regulatory capital levels and ratios applicable to the Holding Company and the Bank can be found within Note 10: Regulatory Capital and Restrictions in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements.
27


Sources and Uses of Funds
Sources of Funds. Deposits are the primary source of cash flows for the Bank’s lending activities and general operational needs. Loan and securities repayments, proceeds from loans and securities held for sale, and maturities also provide cash flows. While scheduled loan and securities repayments are a relatively stable source of funds, prepayments and other deposit inflows are influenced by economic conditions and prevailing interest rates, the timing of which is inherently uncertain. Additional sources of funds are provided by both short-term and long-term borrowings, and to a lesser extent, dividends received as part of the Bank's membership with the FHLB and FRB.
Deposits. The Bank offers a wide variety of checking and savings deposit products designed to meet the transactional and investment needs of both its consumer and business customers. The Bank’s deposit services include, but are not limited to, ATM and debit card use, direct deposit, ACH payments, mobile banking, internet-based banking, banking by mail, account transfers, and overdraft protection, among others. The Bank manages the flow of funds in its deposit accounts and interest rates consistent with FDIC regulations. The Bank’s Consumer and Digital Pricing Committee and its Commercial and Institutional Liability and Loan Pricing Committee both meet regularly to determine pricing and marketing initiatives.
With the acquisition of interLINK during the first quarter of 2023, the Bank received $5.2 billion of money market deposits at September 30, 2023, which added a unique source of core deposit funding and scalable liquidity to the Company's already differentiated, omnichannel deposit gathering capabilities.
Total deposits were $60.3 billion and $54.0 billion at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. The $6.3 billion increase was primarily due to the interLINK money market deposits, as well as time deposit and HSA deposit growth, partially offset by customers rebalancing their deposit concentrations as a result of the high-profile bank failures in the first and second quarters of 2023. Throughout 2023, customer preferences have shifted from checking and savings account products to certificates of deposit and money market products, which are currently more attractive in the higher interest rate environment.
The following table summarizes daily average balances of deposits by type and the weighted-average rates paid thereon:
Three months ended September 30,
20232022
(Dollars in thousands)Average
Balance
Average RateAverage
Balance
Average Rate
Non-interest-bearing:
Demand$11,335,734 — %$13,590,667 — %
Interest-bearing:
Checking8,762,995 1.57 9,274,538 0.37 
Health savings accounts8,235,632 0.15 7,854,425 0.06 
Money market17,088,597 3.85 11,287,581 0.71 
Savings6,822,307 0.83 9,236,443 0.22 
Time deposits7,342,757 4.10 2,716,885 0.37 
Total interest-bearing48,252,288 2.44 40,369,872 0.37 
Total average deposits$59,588,022 1.96 %$53,960,539 0.28 %
Nine months ended September 30,
20232022
(Dollars in thousands)Average
Balance
Average RateAverage
Balance
Average Rate
Non-interest-bearing:
Demand$11,775,500 — %$12,758,489 — %
Interest-bearing:
Checking8,826,074 1.37 8,797,586 0.19 
Health savings accounts8,259,408 0.15 7,809,082 0.06 
Money market15,154,298 3.42 10,609,705 0.37 
Savings7,461,886 0.69 8,480,071 0.10 
Time deposits6,192,415 3.66 2,649,328 0.25 
Total interest-bearing45,894,081 2.02 38,345,772 0.20 
Total average deposits$57,669,581 1.61 %$51,104,261 0.15 %
28


Uninsured deposits represent the portion of deposit accounts in U.S. offices that exceed the FDIC insurance limit or similar state deposit insurance regime, and amounts in any other uninsured investment or deposit accounts that are classified as deposits and not subject to any federal or state deposit insurance regimes. The Company calculates its uninsured deposit balances based on the methodologies and assumptions used for regulatory reporting requirements, which includes an estimated portion, and affiliate deposits. At September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, total uninsured deposits as per regulatory reporting requirements and reported on Schedule RC-O of the Bank's Call Report were $22.0 billion and $22.5 billion, respectively.
The following table summarizes uninsured deposits information at September 30, 2023, after certain exclusions:
(In thousands)At September 30, 2023
Uninsured deposits, per regulatory reporting requirements$22,032,100
Less: Affiliate deposits(2,909,761)
         Collateralized deposits(5,737,371)
Uninsured deposits, after exclusions$13,384,968
Immediately available liquidity (1)
$19,762,581
Uninsured deposits coverage147.6%
(1)Reflects $13.4 billion and $3.6 billion of additional borrowing capacity from the FHLB and the FRB, respectively, and $2.8 billion in unencumbered liquid assets.
Uninsured deposits, after adjusting for affiliate deposits and collateralized deposits, represented 22.2% of total deposits at September 30, 2023. Management believes that this presentation provides a more accurate view of deposits at risk given that affiliate deposits are not customer facing, and therefore are eliminated upon consolidation, and collateralized deposits are secured by other means. As of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company's uninsured deposits as a percentage of total deposits, adjusted for affiliate deposits and collateralized deposits, is consistent with the percentage reported at September 30, 2023.
The following table summarizes the portion of U.S. time deposits in excess of the FDIC insurance limit and time deposits otherwise uninsured by contractual maturity:
(In thousands)September 30, 2023
Portion of U.S. time deposits in excess of insurance limit$2,745,580
Time deposits otherwise uninsured with a maturity of:
3 months or less$1,977,398
Over 3 months through 6 months689,549
Over 6 months through 12 months70,944
Over 12 months7,689
Additional information regarding period-end deposit balances and rates can be found within Note 7: Deposits in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements.
Borrowings. The Bank's primary borrowing sources include securities sold under agreements to repurchase, federal funds purchased, FHLB advances, and long-term debt. Total borrowed funds were $3.0 billion and $7.7 billion at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, and represented 4.1% and 10.8% of total assets, respectively. The $4.7 billion decrease is primarily due to decreases of $3.7 billion, $0.9 billion, and $0.1 billion in FHLB advances, federal funds purchased, and securities sold under agreements to repurchase, respectively.
The Bank had additional borrowing capacity from the FHLB of $13.4 billion and $4.3 billion at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. The Bank also had additional borrowing capacity from the FRB of $3.6 billion and $1.2 billion at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Unpledged investment securities of $1.0 billion at September 30, 2023, could have been used for collateral on borrowings or to increase borrowing capacity by either $0.8 billion with the FHLB or $1.0 billion with the FRB.
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are generally a form of short-term funding for the Bank in which it sells securities to counterparties with an agreement to buy them back in the future at a fixed price. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase totaled $157.5 million and $282.0 million at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. The $124.5 million decrease is primarily due to fluctuations in customers' overnight account balances.
The Bank may also purchase term and overnight federal funds to meet its short-term liquidity needs. There were no federal funds purchased at September 30, 2023, whereas federal funds purchased totaled $0.9 billion at December 31, 2022. The additional liquidity generated from the interLINK deposit sweep program allowed for the paydown of higher rate federal funds purchased in the first quarter of 2023. There were no federal funds purchased in either the second or third quarter of 2023.
29


FHLB advances are not only utilized as a source of funding, but also for interest rate risk management purposes. FHLB advances totaled $1.8 billion and $5.5 billion at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. The $3.7 billion decrease is primarily due to the additional liquidity generated from the interLINK deposit sweep program, which allowed for the paydown of FHLB advances.
Long-term debt consists of senior fixed-rate notes maturing in 2024 and 2029, subordinated fixed-to-floating-rate notes maturing in 2029 and 2030, and floating-rate junior subordinated notes maturing in 2033. Long-term debt remained relatively flat on a comparative basis, totaling approximately $1.1 billion at both September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
The following table summarizes daily average balances of borrowings by type and the weighted-average rates paid thereon:
Three months ended September 30,
20232022
(Dollars in thousands)Average
Balance
Average RateAverage
Balance
Average Rate
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase$170,256 0.12 %$479,308 0.95 %
Federal funds purchased— — 889,818 2.24 
FHLB advances2,945,136 5.34 2,402,596 2.25 
Long-term debt1,051,380 3.70 1,075,683 3.47 
Total average borrowings$4,166,772 4.72 %$4,847,405 2.38 %
Nine months ended September 30,
20232022
(Dollars in thousands)Average
Balance
Average RateAverage
Balance
Average Rate
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase$209,723 0.11 %$528,353 0.88 %
Federal funds purchased221,266 4.62 478,038 1.75 
FHLB advances5,104,372 5.09 1,198,754 1.87 
Long-term debt1,061,643 3.68 1,017,120 3.40 
Total average borrowings$6,597,004 4.69 %$3,222,265 2.16 %
Additional information regarding period-end borrowings balances and rates can be found within Note 8: Borrowings in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements.
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Stock. The Bank is a member of the FHLB System, which consists of eleven district FHLBs, each of which is subject to the supervision and regulation of the Federal Housing Finance Agency. An activity-based capital stock investment in the FHLB is required in order for the Bank to maintain its membership and access to advances and other extensions of credit for sources of funds and liquidity purposes. The FHLB capital stock investment is restricted as there is no market for it, and it can only be redeemed by the FHLB. The Bank held FHLB capital stock of $78.7 million and $221.4 million at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. The most recent FHLB quarterly cash dividend was paid on November 2, 2023, in an amount equal to an annual yield of 8.31%.
The Bank is also required to hold FRB stock equal to 6% of its capital and surplus, of which 50% is paid. The remaining 50% is subject to call when deemed necessary by the Federal Reserve System. Similar to FHLB stock, the FRB capital stock investment is restricted as there is no market for it, and it can only be redeemed by the FRB. The Bank held FRB capital stock of $227.4 million and $224.5 million at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. The most recent FRB semi-annual cash dividend was paid on June 30, 2023, in an amount equal to an annual yield of 3.79%.
Uses of Funds. The Company enters into various contractual obligations in the normal course of business that require future cash payments and that could impact its short-term and long-term liquidity and capital resource needs. The following table summarizes significant fixed and determinable contractual obligations at September 30, 2023. The actual timing and amounts of future cash payments may differ from the amounts presented. Based on the Company's current liquidity position, it is expected that our sources of funds will be sufficient to fulfill these obligations when they come due.
30


  
Payments Due by Period (1)
(In thousands)20232024202520262027ThereafterTotal
Senior notes$— $132,550 $— $— $— $300,000 $432,550 
Subordinated notes— — — — — 499,000 499,000 
Junior subordinated debt— — — — — 77,320 77,320 
FHLB advances1,550,113 250,000 — — 239 9,866 1,810,218 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase157,491 — — — — — 157,491 
Time deposits3,454,002 3,790,109 137,311 54,969 34,419 16,709 7,487,519 
Operating lease liabilities7,438 42,527 39,423 35,413 29,978 99,347 254,126 
Contingent consideration— 12,500 4,826 — — — 17,326 
Royalty liabilities855 8,940 1,560 — — — 11,355 
Purchase obligations (2)
145,267 51,808 29,067 13,257 8,845 18,620 266,864 
Total contractual obligations$5,315,166 $4,288,434 $212,187 $103,639 $73,481 $1,020,862 $11,013,769 
(1)Interest payments on borrowings have been excluded.
(2)Purchase obligations represent agreements to purchase goods or services of $1.0 million or more that are enforceable and legally binding and specify all significant terms.
In addition, in the normal course of business, the Company offers financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk to meet the financing needs of its customers. These transactions include commitments to extend credit, and commercial and standby letters of credit, which involve to a varying degree, elements of credit risk. Since many of these commitments are expected to expire unused or be only partially funded, the total commitment amount of $11.6 billion at September 30, 2023, does not necessarily reflect future cash payments.
The Company also enters into commitments to invest in venture capital and private equity funds, as well as LIHTC investments to assist the Bank in meeting its responsibilities under the CRA. The total unfunded commitment for these alternative investments was $512.4 million at September 30, 2023. However, the timing of capital calls cannot be reasonably estimated, and depending on the nature of the contract, the entirety of the capital committed by the Company may not be called.
Pension obligations are funded by the Company, as needed, to provide for participant benefit payments as it relates to the Company's frozen, non-contributory, qualified defined benefit pension plan. Decisions to contribute to the defined benefit pension plan are made based upon pension funding requirements under the Pension Protection Act, the maximum amount deductible under the Internal Revenue Code, the actual performance of plan assets, and trends in the regulatory environment. There is no requirement for the Company to contribute to the defined benefit pension plan in 2023, nor does it currently anticipate that it will be required to contribute in 2024. The Company's non-qualified supplemental executive retirement plans and other post-employment benefit plans are unfunded.
At September 30, 2023, the Company's Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet reflects a liability for uncertain tax positions of $11.0 million and $2.5 million of accrued interest and penalties, respectively. The ultimate timing and amount of any related future cash settlements cannot be predicted with reasonable certainty.
On May 22, 2023, the FDIC published a proposed rule to charge certain banks a special assessment to recover losses incurred by protecting uninsured depositors of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank upon their failure in March 2023. The proposed rule would levy a special assessment to certain banks at an annual rate of 12.5 basis points based on their uninsured deposits balance as of December 31, 2022, payable in eight quarterly installments beginning in the first quarter of 2024. Based on the proposed rule, the Company estimates that its total special assessment charge would be approximately $44.0 million. The FDIC has the authority to make further changes to the proposed rule before finalization, including changes to the underlying data or calculation methodology used to determine the special assessment. However, since the final rule has not yet been published in the Federal Register, no legal obligation has been incurred, and therefore, no accrual has been recognized.
Additional information regarding credit-related financial instruments and alternative investments can be found within
Note 18: Commitments and Contingencies and Note 11: Variable Interest Entities, respectively, in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements of this report. Additional information regarding defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans and income taxes can be found within
Note 19: Retirement Benefit Plans and Note 9: Income Taxes, respectively, in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
31


Asset/Liability Management and Market Risk
An effective asset/liability management process must balance the risks and rewards from both short-term and long-term interest rate risk when determining the Company's strategy and action. To facilitate this process, interest rate sensitivity is monitored on an ongoing basis by the Company's ALCO, whose primary goal is to manage interest rate risk and maximize net income and net economic value over time in changing interest rate environments. The ALCO meets frequently to make decisions on the Company's investment and funding portfolios based on the economic outlook, its interest rate expectations, the risk position, and other factors.
Four main tools are used for managing interest rate risk:
the size, duration, and credit risk of the investment portfolio;
the size and duration of the wholesale funding portfolio;
interest rate contracts; and
the pricing and structure of loans and deposits.
Management measures interest rate risk using simulation analysis and asset/liability modeling software to calculate the Company's earnings at risk and equity at risk. Interest rates are generally assumed to change up or down in a parallel fashion, and the net interest income results in each scenario are compared to a flat rate base scenario. The flat rate base scenario holds the end of period yield curve constant over a twelve-month forecast horizon. At September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the flat rate base scenario assumed a federal funds rate of 5.50% and 4.50%, respectively. The federal funds rate target range was 5.25-5.50% at September 30, 2023, and 4.25-4.50% at December 31, 2022. Since interest rates rose sharply in 2022, and have continued to rise in 2023, management has incorporated the up and down 300 basis point rate scenarios back into its assessment of interest rate risk.
The following table summarizes the estimated impact that gradual parallel changes in interest rates of up and down 100, 200, and 300 basis points might have on the Company's net interest income over a twelve-month period starting at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, as compared to actual net interest income and assuming no changes in interest rates:
-300bp-200bp-100bp+100bp+200bp+300bp
September 30, 2023(6.0)%(3.6)%(1.6)%1.1%2.4%4.1%
December 31, 2022n/a(6.9)%(3.3)%3.2%6.5%n/a
Asset sensitivity in terms of net interest income decreased at September 30, 2023, as compared to December 31, 2022, primarily due to changes in the overall balance sheet composition, which included the addition of $5.2 billion in price-sensitive deposits from interLINK, an increase in interest paid on deposits, and the implementation of incremental asset sensitivity measures, such as hedges, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Loans at floors were $0.3 billion at September 30, 2023, and $0.4 billion at December 31, 2022. While loans with floors, which are considered “in the money”, have the impact of reducing overall asset sensitivity, as interest rates continue to rise, these loans will move through their floors and reprice accordingly.
The following table summarizes the estimated impact that yield curve twists or immediate non-parallel changes in interest rates of up and down 50 and 100 basis points might have on the Company's net interest income for the subsequent twelve-month period starting at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022:
Short End of the Yield CurveLong End of the Yield Curve
-100bp-50bp+50bp+100bp-100bp-50bp+50bp+100bp
September 30, 2023(1.0)%(0.4)%(0.1)%(0.2)%(2.4)%(1.2)%1.0%2.1%
December 31, 2022(4.2)%(2.0)%1.7%3.3%(2.4)%(1.2)%1.3%2.6%
These non-parallel scenarios are modeled with the short end of the yield curve moving up or down 50 and 100 basis points, while the long end of the yield curve remains unchanged, and vice versa. The short end of the yield curve is defined as terms less than eighteen months and the long end of the yield curve is defined as terms greater than eighteen months. The results reflect the annualized impact of immediate interest rate changes.
Sensitivity to both the short end and the long end of the yield curve for net interest income generally decreased at September 30, 2023, as compared to December 31, 2022, primarily due to changes in the overall balance sheet composition.
32


The following table summarizes the estimated economic value of financial assets, financial liabilities, and off-balance sheet financial instruments and the corresponding estimated change in economic value if interest rates were to instantaneously increase or decrease by 100 basis points at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022:
(Dollars in thousands)Book
Value
Estimated
Economic
Value
Estimated Economic Value Change
-100bp+100bp
September 30, 2023
Assets$73,130,851 $68,038,024 $969,732 $(1,495,766)
Liabilities64,931,650 58,803,372 1,816,456 (1,651,571)
Net$8,199,201 $9,234,652 $(846,724)$155,805 
Net change as % base net economic value(9.2)%1.7 %
December 31, 2022
Assets$71,277,521 $67,920,989 $1,161,794 $(1,247,083)
Liabilities63,221,335 55,951,495 1,959,399 (1,716,697)
Net$8,056,186 $11,969,494 $(797,605)$469,614 
Net change as % base net economic value(6.7)%3.9 %
Changes in economic value can best be described through duration, which is a measure of the price sensitivity of financial instruments due to changes in interest rates. For fixed-rate financial instruments, it can be thought of as the weighted-average expected time to receive future cash flows, whereas for floating-rate financial instruments, it can be thought of as the
weighted-average expected time until the next rate reset. Overall, the longer the duration, the greater the price sensitivity due to changes in interest rates. Generally, increases in interest rates reduce the economic value of fixed-rate financial assets as future discounted cash flows are worth less at higher interest rates. In a rising interest rate environment, the economic value of financial liabilities decreases for the same reason. A reduction in the economic value of financial liabilities is a benefit to the Company. Floating-rate financial instruments may have durations as short as one day, and therefore, may have very little price sensitivity due to changes in interest rates.
Duration gap represents the difference between the duration of financial assets and financial liabilities. A duration gap at or near zero would imply that the balance sheet is matched, and therefore, would exhibit no change in estimated economic value for changes in interest rates. At September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the Company's duration gap was negative 1.1 years and negative 1.4 years, respectively. A negative duration gap implies that the duration of financial liabilities is longer than the duration of financial assets, and therefore, liabilities have more price sensitivity than assets and will reset their interest rates at a slower pace. Consequently, the Company's net estimated economic value would generally be expected to increase when interest rates rise, as the benefit of the decreased value of financial liabilities would more than offset the decreased value of financial assets. The opposite would generally be expected to occur when interest rates fall. Earnings would also generally be expected to increase when interest rates rise, and decrease when interest rates fall over the long term, absent the effects of any new business booked in the future.
These earnings and net economic value estimates are subject to factors that could cause actual results to differ, and also assume that management does not take any additional action to mitigate any positive or negative effects from changing interest rates. Management believes that the Company's interest rate risk position at September 30, 2023, represents a reasonable level of risk given the current interest rate outlook. Management continues to monitor interest rates and other relevant factors given recent market volatility and is prepared to take additional action, as necessary.
Additional information regarding the Company's asset/liability management process can be found under the section captioned "Asset/Liability Management and Market Risk" contained in Part II - Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
33


Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of the Company's Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, and accompanying notes thereto, in accordance with GAAP and practices generally applicable to the financial services industry, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. While management's estimates are made based on historical experience, current available information, and other factors that are deemed to be relevant, actual results could significantly differ from those estimates.
Accounting estimates are necessary in the application of certain accounting policies and can be susceptible to significant change in the near term. Critical accounting estimates are those estimates made in accordance with GAAP that involve a significant level of estimation uncertainty and have had, or are reasonably likely to have, a material impact on the Company's financial condition or results of operations. Management has identified that the Company's most critical accounting estimates are those related to the ACL on loans and leases and business combinations accounting policies. These accounting policies and their underlying estimates are discussed directly with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Leases
The ACL on loans and leases is a reserve established through a provision for credit losses charged to expense, which represents management’s best estimate of expected lifetime credit losses within the Company's loan and lease portfolios at the balance sheet date. The calculation of expected credit losses is determined using predictive methods and models that follow a
PD/LGD/EAD, loss rate, or discounted cash flow framework, and include consideration of past events, current conditions, macroeconomic variables (i.e., unemployment, gross domestic product, property values, and interest rate spreads), and reasonable and supportable economic forecasts that affect the collectability of the reported amounts. Changes to the ACL on loans and leases, and therefore, to the related provision for credit losses, can materially affect financial results.
The determination of the appropriate level of ACL on loans and leases inherently involves a high degree of subjectivity and requires the Company to make significant estimates of current credit risks and trends using existing qualitative and quantitative information, and reasonable and supportable forecasts of future economic conditions, all of which may undergo frequent and material changes. Changes in economic conditions affecting borrowers and macroeconomic variables that the Company is more susceptible to, unforeseen events such as natural disasters and pandemics, along with new information regarding existing loans, identification of additional problem loans, the fair value of underlying collateral, and other factors, both within and outside the Company's control, may indicate the need for an increase or decrease in the ACL on loans and leases.
It is difficult to estimate the sensitivity of how potential changes in any one economic factor or input might affect the overall reserve because a wide variety of factors and inputs are considered in estimating the ACL and changes in those factors and inputs considered may not occur at the same rate and may not be consistent across all product types. Further, changes in factors and inputs may also be directionally inconsistent, such that improvement in one factor may offset deterioration in others.
Executive management reviews and advises on the adequacy of the ACL on loans and leases on a quarterly basis. Although the overall balance is determined based on specific portfolio segments and individually assessed assets, the entire balance is available to absorb credit losses for any of the loan and lease portfolios.
Additional information regarding the determination of the ACL on loans and leases, including the Company's valuation methodology, can be found under the section captioned "Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Leases" contained elsewhere in this Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, and within Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in
Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Business Combinations
The acquisition method of accounting generally requires that the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in business combinations are recorded at fair value as of the acquisition date. The determination of fair value often involves the use of internal or third-party valuation techniques, such as discounted cash flow analyses or appraisals. Particularly, the valuation techniques used to estimate the fair value of loans and leases and the core deposit intangible asset acquired in the Sterling merger include estimates related to discount rates, credit risk, and other relevant factors, which are inherently subjective. A description of the valuation methodologies used to estimate the fair values of the significant assets acquired and liabilities assumed from the Sterling merger can be found within Note 2: Mergers and Acquisitions in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
34


ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
WEBSTER FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
(In thousands, except share data)(Unaudited)
Assets:
Cash and due from banks$406,300 $264,118 
Interest-bearing deposits1,766,431 575,825 
Investment securities available-for-sale, at fair value7,653,391 7,892,697 
Investment securities held-to-maturity, net of allowance for credit losses of $203 and $182
6,875,772 6,564,697 
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock306,085 445,900 
Loans held for sale ($837 and $1,991 valued under fair value option)
46,267 1,991 
Loans and leases50,088,146 49,764,426 
Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases(635,438)(594,741)
Loans and leases, net49,452,708 49,169,685 
Deferred tax assets, net478,926 371,634 
Premises and equipment, net431,698 430,184 
Goodwill2,631,465 2,514,104 
Other intangible assets, net211,752 199,342 
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies1,242,648 1,229,169 
Accrued interest receivable and other assets1,627,408 1,618,175 
Total assets$73,130,851 $71,277,521 
Liabilities and stockholders' equity:
Deposits:
Non-interest-bearing$11,410,063 $12,974,975 
Interest-bearing48,921,704 41,079,365 
Total deposits60,331,767 54,054,340 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings157,491 1,151,830 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances1,810,218 5,460,552 
Long-term debt1,050,539 1,073,128 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities1,581,635 1,481,485 
Total liabilities64,931,650 63,221,335 
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: Authorized3,000,000 shares;
Series F issued and outstanding6,000 shares
145,037 145,037 
Series G issued and outstanding135,000 shares
138,942 138,942 
Common stock, $0.01 par value: Authorized400,000,000 shares;
Issued182,778,045 shares
1,828 1,828 
Paid-in capital6,164,846 6,173,240 
Retained earnings3,170,330 2,713,861 
Treasury stock, at cost10,721,945 and 8,770,472 shares
(506,003)(431,762)
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss), net of tax(915,779)(684,960)
Total stockholders' equity8,199,201 8,056,186 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$73,130,851 $71,277,521 
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
35


WEBSTER FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (Unaudited)
Three months endedNine months ended
September 30,September 30,
(In thousands, except per share data)2023202220232022
Interest Income:
Interest and fees on loans and leases$793,626 $525,960 $2,281,955 $1,303,774 
Taxable interest and dividends on investments123,635 77,570 371,974 200,832 
Non-taxable interest on investment securities13,511 13,999 40,730 36,465 
Loans held for sale17 40 454 73 
Total interest income930,789 617,569 2,695,113 1,541,144 
Interest Expense:
Deposits293,955 37,492 695,625 57,350 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings50 6,242 7,940 9,876 
Federal Home Loan Bank advances40,196 13,814 196,878 17,034 
Long-term debt9,452 9,018 28,422 24,973 
Total interest expense343,653 66,566 928,865 109,233 
Net interest income587,136 551,003 1,766,248 1,431,911 
Provision for credit losses36,500 36,531 114,747 237,619 
Net interest income after provision for credit losses550,636 514,472 1,651,501 1,194,292 
Non-interest Income:
Deposit service fees41,005 50,807 131,859 150,019 
Loan and lease related fees19,966 26,769 63,499 77,355 
Wealth and investment services7,254 11,419 21,232 33,260 
Mortgage banking activities42 86 230 616 
Cash surrender value of life insurance policies6,620 7,718 19,641 22,694 
(Loss) on sale of investment securities— (2,234)(16,795)(2,234)
Other income15,495 19,071 30,856 56,894 
Total non-interest income90,382 113,636 250,522 338,604 
Non-interest Expense:
Compensation and benefits180,333 173,983 526,838 545,641 
Occupancy18,617 23,517 59,042 93,725 
Technology and equipment55,261 45,283 151,442 142,182 
Intangible assets amortization8,899 8,511 27,589 23,700 
Marketing4,810 3,918 13,446 10,868 
Professional and outside services26,874 21,618 88,693 91,041 
Deposit insurance13,310 8,026 39,356 19,996 
Other expense54,474 45,215 132,728 120,930 
Total non-interest expense362,578 330,071 1,039,134 1,048,083 
Income before income taxes278,440 298,037 862,889 484,813 
Income tax expense51,965 64,069 180,442 85,281 
Net income226,475 233,968 682,447 399,532 
Preferred stock dividends4,162 4,162 12,487 11,756 
Net income available to common stockholders$222,313 $229,806 $669,960 $387,776 
Earnings per common share:
Basic$1.29 $1.31 $3.85 $2.32 
Diluted1.28 1.31 3.85 2.32 
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

36


WEBSTER FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (Unaudited)
Three months endedNine months ended
 September 30,September 30,
(In thousands)2023202220232022
Net income$226,475 $233,968 $682,447 $399,532 
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Investment securities available-for-sale(174,594)(242,231)(188,013)(692,383)
Derivative instruments(22,711)(13,699)(48,860)(21,851)
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans349 361 6,054 (87)
Other comprehensive (loss), net of tax(196,956)(255,569)(230,819)(714,321)
Comprehensive income (loss)$29,519 $(21,601)$451,628 $(314,789)
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

37


WEBSTER FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Unaudited)
At or for the three months ended September 30, 2023
(In thousands, except per share data)Preferred StockCommon
Stock
Paid-In
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Treasury
Stock,
at cost
Accumulated Other
Comprehensive (Loss), Net of Tax
Total
Stockholders'
Equity
Balance at June 30, 2023$283,979 $1,828 $6,150,713 $3,017,445 $(455,416)$(718,823)$8,279,726 
Net income— — — 226,475 — — 226,475 
Other comprehensive (loss), net of tax— — — — — (196,956)(196,956)
Common stock dividends and equivalents$0.40 per share
— — — (69,428)— — (69,428)
Series F preferred stock dividends$328.125 per share
— — — (1,968)— — (1,968)
Series G preferred stock dividends$16.25 per share
— — — (2,194)— — (2,194)
Stock-based compensation— — 14,133 — 250 — 14,383 
Common shares acquired from stock compensation plan activity— — — — (361)— (361)
Common stock repurchase program— — — — (50,476)— (50,476)
Balance at September 30, 2023$283,979 $1,828 $6,164,846 $3,170,330 $(506,003)$(915,779)$8,199,201 
At or for the three months ended September 30, 2022
(In thousands, except per share data)Preferred StockCommon
Stock
Paid-In
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Treasury
Stock,
at cost
Accumulated Other Comprehensive
(Loss), Net of Tax
Total
Stockholders'
Equity
Balance at June 30, 2022$283,979 $1,828 $6,148,853 $2,383,638 $(339,178)$(481,332)$7,997,788 
Net income— — — 233,968 — — 233,968 
Other comprehensive (loss), net of tax— — — — — (255,569)(255,569)
Common stock dividends and equivalents$0.40 per share
— — — (70,429)— — (70,429)
Series F preferred stock dividends$328.125 per share
— — — (1,968)— — (1,968)
Series G preferred stock dividends$16.25 per share
— — — (2,194)— — (2,194)
Common stock contribution to charitable foundation— — (1,701)— 12,201 — 10,500 
Stock-based compensation— — 14,307 — (1,545)— 12,762 
Exercise of stock options— — (162)— 300 — 138 
Common shares acquired from stock compensation plan activity— — — — (1,450)— (1,450)
Common stock repurchase program— — — — (97,136)— (97,136)
Balance at September 30, 2022$283,979 $1,828 $6,161,297 $2,543,015 $(426,808)$(736,901)$7,826,410 
38


At or for the nine months ended September 30, 2023
(In thousands, except per share data)Preferred
Stock
Common
Stock
Paid-In
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Treasury
Stock,
at cost
Accumulated Other Comprehensive
(Loss), Net of Tax
Total
Shareholders'
Equity
Balance at December 31, 2022$283,979 $1,828 $6,173,240 $2,713,861 $(431,762)$(684,960)$8,056,186 
Adoption of ASU No. 2022-02— — — (4,245)— — (4,245)
Net income— — — 682,447 — — 682,447 
Other comprehensive (loss), net of tax— — — — — (230,819)(230,819)
Common stock dividends and equivalents—$1.20 per share
— — — (209,246)— — (209,246)
Series F preferred stock dividends—$984.38 per share
— — — (5,906)— — (5,906)
Series G preferred stock dividends—$48.75 per share
— — — (6,581)— — (6,581)
Stock-based compensation— — (6,368)— 46,563 — 40,195 
Exercise of stock options— — (2,026)— 3,749 — 1,723 
Common shares acquired from stock compensation plan activity— — — — (15,765)— (15,765)
Common stock repurchase program— — — — (108,788)— (108,788)
Balance at September 30, 2023$283,979 $1,828 $6,164,846 $3,170,330 $(506,003)$(915,779)$8,199,201 
At or for the nine months ended September 30, 2022
(In thousands, except per share data)Preferred
Stock
Common
Stock
Paid-In
Capital
Retained
Earnings
Treasury
Stock,
at cost
Accumulated
Other Comprehensive Income, Net of Tax
Total
Shareholders'
Equity
Balance at December 31, 2021$145,037 $937 $1,108,594 $2,333,288 $(126,951)$(22,580)$3,438,325 
Net income— — — 399,532 — — 399,532 
Other comprehensive (loss), net of tax— — — — — (714,321)(714,321)
Common stock dividends and equivalents—$1.20 per share
— — — (178,049)— — (178,049)
Series F preferred stock dividends—$984.38 per share
— — — (5,906)— — (5,906)
Series G preferred stock dividends—$48.75 per share
— — — (5,850)— — (5,850)
Issued in business combination138,942 891 5,040,291 — — — 5,180,124 
Common stock contribution to charitable foundation — — (1,701)— 12,201 — 10,500 
Stock-based compensation— — 14,726 — 28,505 — 43,231 
Exercise of stock options— — (613)— 1,248 — 635 
Common shares acquired from stock compensation plan activity— — — — (22,545)— (22,545)
Common stock repurchase program— — — — (319,266)— (319,266)
Balance at September 30, 2022$283,979 $1,828 $6,161,297 $2,543,015 $(426,808)$(736,901)$7,826,410 
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
39


WEBSTER FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited)
 Nine months ended September 30,
(In thousands)20232022
Operating Activities:
Net income$682,447 $399,532 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses114,747 237,619 
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)(27,986)(49,239)
Stock-based compensation40,195 43,231 
Common stock contribution to charitable foundation— 10,500 
Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment and intangible assets58,649 62,403 
(Accretion) and amortization of interest-earning assets and borrowings(15,787)(27,025)
Amortization of low-income housing tax credit investments54,284 31,671 
Amortization of mortgage servicing assets1,061 2,151 
Reduction of right-of-use lease assets24,228 47,874 
Net (gain) on sale, net of write-downs, of foreclosed properties and repossessed assets(1,356)(1,010)
Net loss on sale, net of write-downs, of property and equipment3,862 6,507 
Loss on sale of investment securities16,795 2,234 
(Gain) on extinguishment of long-term debt(698)— 
Originations of loans held for sale(9,900)(29,628)
Proceeds from sale of loans held for sale11,250 33,886 
Net (gain) on mortgage banking activities(219)(529)
Net (gain) on sale of loans not originated for sale(723)(3,135)
(Increase) in cash surrender value of life insurance policies(19,641)(22,694)
(Gain) from life insurance policies(3,063)(2,494)
Net decrease in derivative contract assets and liabilities94,600 539,257 
Net (increase) in accrued interest receivable and other assets(3,183)(51,300)
Net (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities(128,728)(169,146)
Net cash provided by operating activities890,834 1,060,665 
Investing Activities:
Purchases of available-for-sale securities(930,546)(1,099,810)
Proceeds from principal payments, maturities, and calls of available-for-sale securities456,384 612,783 
Proceeds from sale of available-for-sale securities398,296 65,330 
Purchases of held-to-maturity securities(619,957)(963,655)
Proceeds from principal payments, maturities, and calls of held-to-maturity securities312,720 627,887 
Net decrease (increase) in Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank stock139,815 (150,706)
Alternative investments (capital calls), net of distributions(18,095)(7,811)
Net (increase) in loans(905,906)(5,526,220)
Proceeds from sale of loans not originated for sale512,622 648,573 
Proceeds from sale of foreclosed properties and repossessed assets4,443 2,071 
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment4,145 300 
Additions to property and equipment(33,980)(18,526)
Proceeds from life insurance policies17,207 17,002 
Net cash paid for acquisition of interLINK(157,646)— 
Net cash paid for acquisition of Bend— (54,407)
Net cash received in merger with Sterling— 513,960 
Net cash (used for) investing activities(820,498)(5,333,229)
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
40


WEBSTER FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited), continued
 Nine months ended September 30,
(In thousands)20232022
Financing Activities:
Net increase in deposits6,267,722 889,964 
Proceeds from Federal Home Loan Bank advances18,000,000 13,150,000 
Repayments of Federal Home Loan Bank advances(21,650,334)(9,650,280)
Proceeds from extinguishment of borrowings— 2,548 
Net (decrease) increase in securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings(994,339)560,786 
Repayment of long-term debt(16,752)— 
Dividends paid to common stockholders(209,333)(178,161)
Dividends paid to preferred stockholders(12,487)(9,562)
Exercise of stock options1,723 635 
Common stock repurchase program(107,983)(319,266)
Common shares acquired related to stock compensation plan activity(15,765)(22,545)
Net cash provided by financing activities1,262,452 4,424,119 
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents1,332,788 151,555 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period839,943 461,570 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period$2,172,731 $613,125 
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest paid$877,678 $114,542 
Income taxes paid213,796 129,926 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Transfer of loans and leases to foreclosed properties and repossessed assets$4,091 $163 
Transfer of loans and leases to loans held-for-sale557,462 621,922 
Merger with Sterling: (1)
Tangible assets acquired17,607 26,919,975 
Goodwill and other intangible assets(25,561)2,149,532 
Liabilities assumed(7,954)24,403,343 
Common stock issued— 5,041,182 
Preferred stock exchanged— 138,942 
Acquisition of Bend: (1)
Tangible assets acquired294 15,731 
Goodwill and other intangible assets(294)38,966 
Liabilities assumed— 290 
Acquisition of interLINK:
Tangible assets acquired6,417 — 
Goodwill and other intangible assets183,216 — 
Liabilities assumed15,948 — 
Contingent consideration16,039 — 
(1)The non-cash merger and acquisition activities presented for 2023 reflect adjustments recorded within the one-year measurement period, which were identified as a result of extended information gathering and new information that arose from integration activities during the first quarter of 2023. Additional information regarding these amounts can be found within Note 2: Mergers and Acquisitions and Note 6: Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets.
See accompanying Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
41


Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Operations
Webster Financial Corporation is a bank holding company and financial holding company under the BHC Act, incorporated under the laws of Delaware in 1986, and headquartered in Stamford, Connecticut. Webster Bank, along with its HSA Bank division, is a leading commercial bank in the Northeast that delivers a wide range of digital and traditional financial solutions to businesses, individuals, families, and partners across its three differentiated lines of business: Commercial Banking, HSA Bank, and Consumer Banking. While its core footprint spans from New York to Rhode Island and Massachusetts, certain businesses operate in extended geographies. HSA Bank is one of the largest providers of employee benefit solutions in the United States.
Basis of Presentation
The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with GAAP for interim financial information and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Certain information and footnote disclosures required by GAAP for complete financial statements have been omitted or condensed. Therefore, the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. The results of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, are not necessarily indicative of the future results that may be attained for the entire year or other interim periods.
In the opinion of management, all necessary adjustments have been reflected to present fairly the financial position, results of operations, and cash flows for the reporting periods presented. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. Assets under administration or assets under management that the Company holds or manages in a fiduciary or agency capacity for customers are not included in the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Accounting Standards Adopted in the Current Period
ASU No. 2022-02—Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures
In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, which eliminates the accounting guidance for TDRs by creditors in Subtopic 310-40, Receivables—Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors, while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. Specifically, rather than applying the recognition and measurement guidance for TDRs, an entity must apply the loan refinancing and restructuring guidance in paragraphs 310-20-35-9 through 35-11 to determine whether a modification results in a new loan or a continuation of an existing loan. In addition, the Update requires that an entity disclose current-period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases within the scope of Subtopic 326-20, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses—Measured at Amortized Cost in the vintage disclosures required by paragraph 326-20-50-6.
Modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty include principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, payment delays, term extensions, or combinations thereof. Expected losses or recoveries on loans where modifications have been granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty have been factored into the ACL on loans and leases. Upon adoption of ASU 2022-02, the Company is no longer required to use a discounted cash flow (or reconcilable) method to measure the ACL resulting from a modification with a borrower experiencing financial difficulty. Accordingly, the Company now applies the same credit loss methodology it uses for similar loans that were not modified.
The Company adopted the Update on January 1, 2023. The Company elected the option to apply the modified retrospective transition method related to the recognition and measurement of TDRs, which resulted in a $5.9 million increase to the Allowance for credit losses on loans and leases and a $1.7 million decrease to DTAs, net, with a corresponding $4.2 million cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the adoption date. The enhanced disclosure requirements provided for by the Update were adopted on a prospective basis. Reporting periods prior to the adoption of the Update are accounted for and presented in accordance with the applicable GAAP.
Refer to Note 4: Loans and Leases for additional information regarding modifications granted to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty.

42


ASU No. 2022-01—Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Fair Value Hedging—Portfolio Layer Method
In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-01—Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Fair Value Hedging—Portfolio Layer Method, which expands the current last-of-layer method of hedge accounting that permits only one hedged layer to allow multiple hedged layers of a single closed portfolio. To reflect that expansion, the last-of-layer method is renamed the portfolio layer method. Additionally, the amendments in this Update: (i) expand the scope of the portfolio layer method to include non-prepayable assets; (ii) specify eligible hedging instruments in a single-layer hedge; (iii) provide additional guidance on the accounting for and disclosure of hedge basis adjustments; and (iv) specify how hedge basis adjustments should be considered when determining credit losses for the assets included in the closed portfolio. An entity may also reclassify debt securities classified in the held-to-maturity category at the date of adoption to the available-for-sale category only if the entity applies portfolio layer method hedging to one or more closed portfolios that include those debt securities within a 30-day period.
The Company adopted the Update on January 1, 2023 on a prospective basis. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements. The Company did not reclassify any debt securities from the held-to-maturity category to the available-for-sale category as permitted upon adoption.
ASU No. 2021-08—Business Combinations (Topic 805)—Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers
In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021-08—Business Combinations (Topic 805)—Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers, which requires that an acquirer recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination in accordance with Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. At the acquisition date, an acquirer should account for the related revenue contracts in accordance with Topic 606 as if it had originated the contracts.
The Company adopted the Update on January 1, 2023 on a prospective basis. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.
Relevant Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted
ASU No. 2023-02—Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force)
In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-02—Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323): Accounting for Investments in Tax Credit Structures Using the Proportional Amortization Method (a consensus of the Emerging Issues Task Force), which permits reporting entities to elect to account for their tax equity investments, regardless of the program from which the income tax credits are received, using the proportional amortization method if certain conditions are met. A reporting entity may make an accounting policy election to apply the proportional amortization method in accordance with paragraph 323-740-25-4 on a tax-credit-program-by-tax-credit-program basis rather than electing to apply the proportional amortization method at the reporting entity level or to individual investments.
A reporting entity that applies the proportional amortization method to qualifying tax equity investments must account for the receipt of the investment tax credits using the flow-through method under Topic 740, Income Taxes, even if the entity applies the deferral method for other investment tax credit received. The amendments also remove certain guidance for Qualified Affordable Housing Project Investments, require the application of the delayed equity contribution guidance to all tax equity investments, and require specific disclosures that must be applied to all investments that generate income tax credits and other income tax benefits from a tax credit program for which the entity has elected to apply the proportional amortization method in accordance with Subtopic 323-740.
The Update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The amendments generally must be applied on either a modified retrospective or retrospective basis with a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings reflecting the difference between the previous method used to account for the tax equity investment and the application of the proportional amortization method since the investment was entered into. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements as the Company's investments in tax credit structures are currently limited to LIHTC investments, which are already being accounted for using the proportional amortization method.





43


ASU No. 2023-01—Leases (Topic 842): Common Control Arrangements
In March 2023, the FASB issued ASU No. 2023-01—Leases (Topic 842): Common Control Arrangements, which requires that leasehold improvements associated with leases between entities under common control be: (i) amortized by the lessee over the useful lives of the leasehold improvements to the common control group (regardless of the lease term) as long as the lessee controls the use of the underlying asset (the leased asset) through a lease; however, if the lessor obtained the right to control the use of the underlying asset through a lease with another entity not within the same common control group, the amortization period may not exceed the amortization period of the common control group; and (ii) accounted for as a transfer between entities under common control through an adjustment to equity, if, and when, the lessee no longer controls the use of the underlying asset. Additionally, those leasehold improvements are subject to the impairment guidance in Topic 360, Property, Plant, and Equipment.
The Update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The amendments either may be applied prospectively to all new and existing leasehold improvements recognized on or after the adoption date with any remaining unamortized balance of existing leasehold improvements amortized over their remaining useful life to the common control group determined at that date; or retrospectively to the beginning of the period in which the entity first applied Topic 842, with any leasehold improvements that otherwise would not have been amortized or impaired recognized through a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings at the beginning of the earliest period presented in accordance with Topic 842. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements as the Company's operating lease arrangements in which it is lessee are not between entities under common control.
ASU No. 2022-03—Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions
In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-03—Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions, which clarifies that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the equity security, and therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The amendments also clarify that an entity cannot, as a separate unit of account, recognize and measure a contractual sale restriction, and requires the following disclosures for equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions: (i) the fair value of equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions reflected on the balance sheet; (ii) the nature and remaining duration of the restriction(s); and (iii) the circumstances that could cause a lapse in the restriction(s).
The Update is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. For all entities except investment companies, the amendments should be applied prospectively with any adjustments from the adoption of the amendments recognized in earnings and disclosed on the date of adoption. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a material impact on the Consolidated Financial Statements and disclosures. The Company does not currently consider contractual restrictions on the sale of an equity security in measuring fair value.
44


Note 2: Mergers and Acquisitions
interLINK Acquisition
On January 11, 2023, Webster acquired 100% ownership of interLINK from StoneCastle Partners LLC. interLINK is a technology-enabled deposit management platform that administers over $9 billion of deposits from FDIC-insured cash sweep programs between banks and broker/dealers and clearing firms. The acquisition provides the Company with access to a unique source of core deposit funding and scalable liquidity and adds another technology-enabled channel to its already differentiated, omnichannel deposit gathering capabilities.
The total purchase price of the acquisition was $174.6 million, which included cash paid of $158.6 million and $16.0 million of contingent consideration measured at fair value. The contingent consideration is payable in cash upon the achievement of discrete customer and deposit growth events within three years of the acquisition date. Additional information regarding the determination of fair value for contingent consideration liabilities can be found within Note 14: Fair Value Measurements.
The transaction has been accounted for as a business combination, and resulted in the addition of $31.4 million in net assets measured at fair value, which primarily comprised $36.0 million of broker dealer relationship intangible assets, $6.0 million of developed technology, a $4.0 million non-competition agreement intangible asset, and $15.9 million of royalty liabilities. The $143.2 million of goodwill recognized is deductible for tax purposes. The Company's valuations of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the interLINK acquisition were considered final as of June 30, 2023.
Bend Financial, Inc. Acquisition
On February 18, 2022, Webster acquired 100% of the equity interests of Bend, a cloud-based platform solution provider for HSAs, in exchange for cash of $55.3 million. The transaction was accounted for as a business combination, and resulted in the addition of $19.6 million in net assets measured at fair value, which primarily comprised $15.9 million of internal use software and a $3.0 million customer relationship intangible asset. The Company's valuations of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Bend acquisition were considered final as of March 31, 2023.
Merger with Sterling Bancorp
On January 31, 2022, Webster completed its merger with Sterling. The transaction was accounted for as a business combination. Accordingly, the purchase price was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values as of the merger effective date. The determination of fair value requires management to make estimates about discount rates, future expected cash flows, market conditions, and other future events that are highly subjective in nature and are subject to change. Fair value estimates of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed were subject to adjustment during the one-year measurement period following the closing of the merger if new information was obtained about facts and circumstances that existed as of the merger effective date that, if known, would have affected the measurement of the amounts recognized as of that date. Measurement period adjustments made during the first quarter of 2023 totaled a net $25.6 million, which pertained to other assets and other liabilities and their related deferred tax impact. The Company's valuations of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the merger with Sterling were considered final as of March 31, 2023.
45


The following table summarizes the allocation of the purchase price to the fair value of the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Sterling as of January 31, 2022:
(In thousands)Unpaid Principal BalanceFair Value
Purchase price consideration$5,180,300 
Assets:
Cash and due from banks510,929 
Interest-bearing deposits3,207 
Investment securities available-for-sale4,429,948 
Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve Bank Stock150,502 
Loans held for sale23,517 
Loans and leases:
Commercial non-mortgage$5,570,782 5,527,657 
Asset-based694,137 683,958 
Commercial real estate6,790,600 6,656,405 
Multi-family4,303,381 4,255,906 
Equipment financing1,350,579 1,314,311 
Warehouse lending647,767 643,754 
Residential1,313,785 1,281,637 
Home equity132,758 122,553 
Other consumer12,559 12,525 
Total loans and leases$20,816,348 20,498,706 
Deferred tax assets, net(59,716)
Premises and equipment264,421 
Other intangible assets210,100 
Bank-owned life insurance policies645,510 
Accrued interest receivable and other assets986,729 
Total assets acquired$27,663,853 
Liabilities:
Non-interest-bearing deposits$6,620,248 
Interest-bearing deposits16,643,755 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings27,184 
Long-term debt516,881 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities589,689 
Total liabilities assumed$24,397,757 
Net assets acquired3,266,096 
Goodwill$1,914,204 
In connection with the merger with Sterling, the Company recorded $1.9 billion of goodwill, which represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Information regarding the allocation of goodwill to the Company's reportable segments can be found within Note 16: Segment Reporting. For a description of the valuation methodologies used to estimate the fair values of the significant assets acquired and liabilities assumed, refer to Note 2: Mergers and Acquisitions of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
46


Merger-Related Expenses and Exit Activities
The following table summarizes total merger-related expenses, which were primarily incurred in connection with the merger with Sterling:
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
(In thousands)2023202220232022
Compensation and benefits (1)
$9,583 $5,770 $27,370 $71,472 
Occupancy (2)
(79)4,389 1,151 35,744 
Technology and equipment (3)
9,652 1,478 14,780 21,375 
Professional and outside services (4)
18,171 10,792 57,119 59,073 
Marketing1,574 64 2,535 199 
Other expense (5)
22,724 3,043 28,883 12,808 
Total merger-related expenses$61,625 $25,536 $131,838 $200,671 
(1)Comprised primarily of severance and employee retention costs, and executive synergy stock awards.
(2)Comprised primarily of charges associated with the Company's corporate real estate consolidation plan in 2022.
(3)Comprised primarily of technology contract termination costs, and charges to support core conversion activities in 2023.
The amount for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, includes a reduction of $4.8 million to a previously recorded technology-related contract termination charge during the three months ended March 31, 2023, due to a change in the expected use of certain services after core conversion.
(4)Comprised primarily of advisory, accounting, and other professional fees, and charges to support core conversion activities in 2023. The amount for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, includes a reduction of $1.7 million to a previously recorded contract termination charge during the three months ended March 31, 2023, due to a decrease in volume usage.
(5)Comprised primarily of contract termination costs, disposals on property and equipment, and other miscellaneous expenses.
The following tables summarize the change in accrued expenses and other liabilities as it relates to severance and contract termination costs, which were primarily incurred in connection with the merger with Sterling:
Three months ended September 30,
20232022
(In thousands)SeveranceContract TerminationTotalSeveranceContract TerminationTotal
Balance, beginning of period$3,169 $23,775 $26,944 $24,514 $17,704 $42,218 
Additions charged to expense3,557 14,000 17,557 840 — 840 
Cash payments(971)(23,775)(24,746)(10,032)— (10,032)
Other(166)— (166)(9)— (9)
Balance, end of period$5,589 $14,000 $19,589 $15,313 $17,704 $33,017 
Nine months ended September 30,
20232022
(In thousands)SeveranceContract TerminationTotal
Severance (1)
Contract TerminationTotal
Balance, beginning of period$7,583 $30,362 $37,945 $10,835 $— $10,835 
Additions charged to expense11,741 14,000 25,741 35,619 17,704 53,323 
Cash payments(12,509)(23,775)(36,284)(26,827)— (26,827)
Other(1,226)(6,587)(7,813)(4,314)— (4,314)
Balance, end of period$5,589 $14,000 $19,589 $15,313 $17,704 $33,017 
(1)Other reflects the release of $4.3 million from the Company's severance accrual, as the Company re-evaluated its strategic priorities as a combined organization in connection with the Sterling merger, which resulted in modifications to the Company's strategic initiatives that were previously announced in December 2020.
47


Note 3: Investment Securities
Available-for-Sale
The following tables summarize the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale securities by major type:
 At September 30, 2023
(In thousands)
Amortized
Cost (1)
Unrealized
Gains
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
U.S. Treasury notes$407,891 $— $(20,870)$387,021 
Government agency debentures302,164 — (53,628)248,536 
Municipal bonds and notes1,646,582 (123,262)1,523,322 
Agency CMO55,718 — (5,813)49,905 
Agency MBS2,636,344 123 (383,832)2,252,635 
Agency CMBS2,152,871 — (397,740)1,755,131 
CMBS811,117 — (24,515)786,602 
Corporate debt706,110 (104,534)601,582 
Private label MBS46,921 — (7,043)39,878 
Other9,823 — (1,044)8,779 
Total available-for-sale securities$8,775,541 $131 $(1,122,281)$7,653,391 
At December 31, 2022
(In thousands)
Amortized
Cost (1)
Unrealized
Gains
Unrealized
Losses
Fair Value
U.S. Treasury notes$755,968 $— $(38,928)$717,040
Government agency debentures302,018 — (43,644)258,374
Municipal bonds and notes1,719,110 (85,913)1,633,202
Agency CMO64,984 — (5,019)59,965
Agency MBS2,461,337 26 (303,339)2,158,024
Agency CMBS1,664,600 — (258,114)1,406,486
CMBS929,588 — (32,948)896,640
CLO2,108 — (1)2,107
Corporate debt795,999 — (91,587)704,412
Private label MBS 48,895 — (4,646)44,249
Other12,548 — (350)12,198
Total available-for-sale securities$8,757,155 $31 $(864,489)$7,892,697 
(1)Accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale securities of $42.5 million and $36.9 million at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, is excluded from amortized cost and is included in Accrued interest receivable and other assets on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Unrealized Losses
The following tables summarize the gross unrealized losses and fair value of available-for-sale securities by length of time each major security type has been in a continuous unrealized loss position:
 At September 30, 2023
 Less Than 12 Months12 Months or MoreTotal
(Dollars in thousands)Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Number of
Holdings
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
U.S. Treasury notes$— $— $387,021 $(20,870)14$387,021 $(20,870)
Government agency debentures— — 248,536 (53,628)19248,536 (53,628)
Municipal bonds and notes34,562 (1,836)1,484,023 (121,426)4161,518,585 (123,262)
Agency CMO— — 49,905 (5,813)3649,905 (5,813)
Agency MBS339,979 (8,137)1,883,669 (375,695)4772,223,648 (383,832)
Agency CMBS490,774 (39,102)1,264,357 (358,638)1511,755,131 (397,740)
CMBS43,894 (1,004)742,708 (23,511)45786,602 (24,515)
Corporate debt— — 597,275 (104,534)90597,275 (104,534)
Private label MBS— — 39,878 (7,043)339,878 (7,043)
Other— — 8,779 (1,044)28,779 (1,044)
Total$909,209 $(50,079)$6,706,151 $(1,072,202)1,253$7,615,360 $(1,122,281)
48


 At December 31, 2022
 Less Than Twelve MonthsTwelve Months or LongerTotal
(Dollars in thousands)Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
Number of
Holdings
Fair
Value
Unrealized
Losses
U.S. Treasury notes$337,563 $(19,167)$379,477 $(19,761)23$717,040 $(38,928)
Government agency debentures258,374 (43,644)— — 19258,374 (43,644)
Municipal bonds and notes 1,616,771 (85,913)— — 4441,616,771 (85,913)
Agency CMO55,693 (4,640)4,272 (379)3959,965 (5,019)
Agency MBS1,641,544 (206,412)515,206 (96,927)4602,156,750 (303,339)
Agency CMBS485,333 (68,674)921,153 (189,440)1321,406,486 (258,114)
CMBS273,150 (8,982)598,490 (23,966)52871,640 (32,948)
CLO— — 2,107 (1)12,107 (1)
Corporate debt692,990 (89,692)8,421 (1,895)105701,411 (91,587)
Private label MBS44,249 (4,646)— — 344,249 (4,646)
Other12,198 (350)— — 412,198 (350)
Total$5,417,865 $(532,120)$2,429,126 $(332,369)1,282$7,846,991 $(864,489)
The $257.8 million increase in gross unrealized losses from December 31, 2022, to September 30, 2023, is primarily due to higher market rates. The Company assesses each available-for-sale security that is in an unrealized loss position to determine whether the decline in fair value below the amortized cost basis is a result from a credit loss or other factors. At both September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, no ACL was recorded on available-for-sale securities as each of the securities in the Company's portfolio are investment grade, current as to principal and interest, and their price changes are consistent with interest and credit spreads when adjusting for convexity, rating, and industry differences.
At September 30, 2023, based on current market conditions and the Company's current targeted balance sheet composition strategy, the Company intends to hold its available-for-sale securities with unrealized loss positions through the anticipated recovery period, and it is more-likely-than-not that the Company will not have to sell these available-for-sale securities before the recovery of the entire amortized cost basis. The issuers of these available-for-sale securities have not, to the Company’s knowledge, established any cause for default. Market prices are expected to approach par as the securities approach maturity.
Contractual Maturities
The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale securities by contractual maturity:
At September 30, 2023
(In thousands)Amortized CostFair Value
Maturing within 1 year$48,951 $47,286 
After 1 year through 5 years1,026,082 961,447 
After 5 through 10 years1,348,774 1,198,635 
After 10 years6,351,734 5,446,023 
Total available-for-sale securities$8,775,541 $7,653,391 
Available-for-sale securities that are not due at a single maturity date have been categorized based on the maturity date of the underlying collateral. Actual principal cash flows may differ from this categorization as borrowers have the right to repay their obligations with or without prepayment penalties.
Sales of Available-for Sale Securities
There were no sales of available-for-sale debt securities during the three months ended September 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company sold U.S. Treasury notes, Corporate debt securities, and Municipal bonds and notes classified as available-for-sale for proceeds of $398.3 million, which resulted in gross realized losses of $20.5 million, respectively. Because $3.8 million of the total loss recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, was attributed to a decline in credit quality, those portions of the charges have been included in the Provision for credit losses on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company sold Municipal bonds and notes classified as available-for-sale for proceeds of $65.3 million, which resulted in gross realized losses on sale of $2.2 million.
49


Other Information
The following table summarizes the carrying value of available-for-sale securities pledged for deposits, borrowings, and other purposes:
(In thousands)At September 30, 2023At December 31, 2022
Pledged for deposits$2,911,558$2,573,072
Pledged for borrowings and other3,991,2531,195,101
Total available-for-sale securities pledged$6,902,811$3,768,173
At September 30, 2023, the Company had callable available-for-sale securities with an aggregate carrying value of $2.5 billion.
Held-to-Maturity
The following tables summarize the amortized cost, fair value, and ACL on held-to-maturity securities by major type:
At September 30, 2023
(In thousands)
Amortized
Cost (1)
Unrealized
Gains
Unrealized
Losses
Fair ValueAllowanceNet Carrying Value
Agency CMO$24,406 $— $(2,482)$21,924 $— $24,406 
Agency MBS2,470,192 34 (428,971)2,041,255 — 2,470,192 
Agency CMBS3,363,390 — (662,950)2,700,440 — 3,363,390 
Municipal bonds and notes917,755 (96,878)820,879 203 917,552 
CMBS100,232 — (9,056)91,176 — 100,232 
Total held-to-maturity securities$6,875,975 $36 $(1,200,337)$5,675,674 $203 $6,875,772 
At December 31, 2022
(In thousands)
Amortized
Cost (1)
Unrealized
Gains
Unrealized
Losses
Fair ValueAllowanceNet Carrying Value
Agency CMO$28,358 $— $(2,060)$26,298 $— $28,358 
Agency MBS2,626,114 827 (339,592)2,287,349 — 2,626,114 
Agency CMBS2,831,949 845 (407,648)2,425,146 — 2,831,949 
Municipal bonds and notes928,845 1,098 (47,183)882,760 182 928,663 
CMBS149,613 — (9,713)139,900 — 149,613 
Total held-to-maturity securities$6,564,879 $2,770 $(806,196)$5,761,453 $182 $6,564,697 
(1)Accrued interest receivable on held-to-maturity securities of $19.7 million and $24.2 million at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, is excluded from amortized cost and is included in Accrued interest receivable and other assets on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
An ACL on held-to-maturity securities is recorded for certain Municipal bonds and notes to account for expected lifetime credit losses. Agency securities represent obligations issued by a U.S. government-sponsored enterprise or other federally-related entity and are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed and therefore, assumed to be zero loss. Held-to-maturity securities with gross unrealized losses and no ACL are considered to be high credit quality, and therefore, zero credit loss has been recorded.
The following table summarizes the activity in the ACL on held-to-maturity securities:
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
(In thousands)2023202220232022
Balance, beginning of period$216$210$182$214
(Benefit) provision for credit losses(13)(1)21(5)
Balance, end of period$203$209$203$209
Contractual Maturities
The following table summarizes the amortized cost and fair value of held-to-maturity securities by contractual maturity:
At September 30, 2023
(In thousands)Amortized CostFair Value
Maturing within 1 year$8,334 $8,308 
After 1 year through 5 years57,037 56,361 
After 5 through 10 years363,281 333,255 
After 10 years6,447,323 5,277,750 
Total held-to-maturity securities$6,875,975 $5,675,674 
50


Held-to-maturity securities that are not due at a single maturity date have been categorized based on the maturity date of the underlying collateral. Actual principal cash flows may differ from this categorization as borrowers have the right to prepay their obligations with or without prepayment penalties.
Credit Quality Information
The Company monitors the credit quality of held-to-maturity securities through credit ratings provided by Standard & Poor's Rating Services, Moody's Investor Services, Fitch Ratings, Inc., Kroll Bond Rating Agency, or DBRS Inc. Credit ratings express opinions about the credit quality of a security, and are updated at each quarter end. Investment grade securities are rated BBB- or higher by S&P, or Baa3 or higher by Moody's, and are generally considered by the rating agencies and market participants to be of low credit risk. Conversely, securities rated below investment grade, which are labeled as speculative grade by the rating agencies, are considered to have distinctively higher credit risk than investment grade securities. There were no speculative grade held-to-maturity securities at September 30, 2023, or December 31, 2022. Held-to-maturity securities that are not rated are collateralized with U.S. Treasury obligations.
The following tables summarize the amortized cost of held-to-maturity securities based on their lowest publicly available credit rating:
September 30, 2023
Investment Grade
(In thousands)AaaAa1Aa2Aa3A1A2A3Not Rated
Agency CMO$— $24,406 $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Agency MBS— 2,470,192 — — — — — — 
Agency CMBS— 3,363,390 — — — — — — 
Municipal bonds and notes333,985 162,790 254,061 115,800 32,908 — 4,165 14,046 
CMBS100,232 — — — — — — — 
Total held-to-maturity securities$434,217 $6,020,778 $254,061 $115,800 $32,908 $— $4,165 $14,046 
December 31, 2022
Investment Grade
(In thousands)AaaAa1Aa2Aa3A1A2A3Not Rated
Agency CMO$— $28,358 $— $— $— $— $— $— 
Agency MBS— 2,626,114 — — — — — — 
Agency CMBS— 2,831,949 — — — — — — 
Municipal bonds and notes336,035 163,312 255,235 116,870 38,177 4,165 — 15,051 
CMBS149,613 — — — — — — — 
Total held-to-maturity securities$485,648 $5,649,733 $255,235 $116,870 $38,177 $4,165 $— $15,051 
At September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, there were no held-to-maturity securities past due under the terms of their agreements nor in non-accrual status.
Other Information
The following table summarizes the carrying value of held-to-maturity securities pledged for deposits, borrowings, and other purposes:
(In thousands)At September 30, 2023At December 31, 2022
Pledged for deposits$1,623,674$1,596,777
Pledged for borrowings and other4,942,275260,735
Total held-to-maturity securities pledged$6,565,949$1,857,512
At September 30, 2023, the Company had callable held-to-maturity securities with an aggregate carrying value of $0.9 billion.
51


Note 4: Loans and Leases
The following table summarizes loans and leases by portfolio segment and class:
(In thousands)At September 30,
2023
At December 31, 2022
Commercial non-mortgage$16,508,188 $16,392,795 
Asset-based1,632,962 1,821,642 
Commercial real estate13,348,495 12,997,163 
Multi-family7,234,759 6,621,982 
Equipment financing1,431,858 1,628,393 
Warehouse lending118,478 641,976 
Commercial portfolio40,274,740 40,103,951 
Residential8,228,451 7,963,420 
Home equity1,533,046 1,633,107 
Other consumer51,909 63,948 
Consumer portfolio9,813,406 9,660,475 
Loans and leases$50,088,146 $49,764,426 
The carrying amount of loans and leases at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, includes net unamortized
(discounts)/premiums and net unamortized deferred (fees)/costs totaling $(34.9) million and $(68.7) million, respectively. Accrued interest receivable of $261.7 million and $226.3 million at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, is excluded from the carrying amount of loans and leases and is included in Accrued interest receivable and other assets on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. At September 30, 2023, the Company had pledged $16.6 billion of eligible loans as collateral to support borrowing capacity at the FHLB.
Non-Accrual and Past Due Loans and Leases
The following tables summarize the aging of accrual and non-accrual loans and leases by class:
 At September 30, 2023
(In thousands)30-59 Days
Past Due and
Accruing
60-89 Days
Past Due and
Accruing
90 or More Days Past Due
and Accruing
Non-accrualTotal Past Due and Non-accrual
Current (1)
Total Loans
and Leases
Commercial non-mortgage$4,209 $1,551 $138 $110,891 $116,789 $16,391,399 $16,508,188 
Asset-based— — — 10,325 10,325 1,622,637 1,632,962 
Commercial real estate1,404 — — 25,376 26,780 13,321,715 13,348,495 
Multi-family2,103 155 — 5,726 7,984 7,226,775 7,234,759 
Equipment financing32,271 765 — 7,972 41,008 1,390,850 1,431,858 
Warehouse lending— — — — — 118,478 118,478 
Commercial portfolio39,987 2,471 138 160,290 202,886 40,071,854 40,274,740 
Residential12,920 3,329 — 27,623 43,872 8,184,579 8,228,451 
Home equity8,145 3,372 — 26,042 37,559 1,495,487 1,533,046 
Other consumer451 119 — 110 680 51,229 51,909 
Consumer portfolio21,516 6,820 — 53,775 82,111 9,731,295 9,813,406 
Total$61,503 $9,291 $138 $214,065 $284,997 $49,803,149 $50,088,146 
 At December 31, 2022
(In thousands)30-59 Days
Past Due and
Accruing
60-89 Days
Past Due and
Accruing
90 or More Days Past Due
and Accruing
Non-accrualTotal Past Due and Non-accrualCurrentTotal Loans
and Leases
Commercial non-mortgage$8,434 $821 $645 $71,884 $81,784 $16,311,011 $16,392,795 
Asset-based5,921 — — 20,024 25,945 1,795,697 1,821,642 
Commercial real estate1,494 23,492 68 39,057 64,111 12,933,052 12,997,163 
Multi-family1,157 — — 636 1,793 6,620,189 6,621,982 
Equipment financing806 9,988 — 12,344 23,138 1,605,255 1,628,393 
Warehouse lending— — — — — 641,976 641,976 
Commercial portfolio17,812 34,301 713 143,945 196,771 39,907,180 40,103,951 
Residential8,246 3,083 — 25,424 36,753 7,926,667 7,963,420 
Home equity5,293 2,820 — 27,924 36,037 1,597,070 1,633,107 
Other consumer1,028 85 13 148 1,274 62,674 63,948 
Consumer portfolio14,567 5,988 13 53,496 74,064 9,586,411 9,660,475 
Total$32,379 $40,289 $726 $197,441 $270,835 $49,493,591 $49,764,426 
52


The following table provides additional information on non-accrual loans and leases:
At September 30, 2023At December 31, 2022
(In thousands)Non-accrualNon-accrual with No AllowanceNon-accrualNon-accrual with No Allowance
Commercial non-mortgage$110,891 $19,274 $71,884 $12,598 
Asset-based10,325 1,330 20,024 1,491 
Commercial real estate25,376 21,084 39,057 90 
Multi-family5,726 5,726 636 — 
Equipment financing7,972 1,543 12,344 2,240 
Commercial portfolio160,290 48,957 143,945 16,419 
Residential27,623 11,440 25,424 10,442 
Home equity26,042 13,995 27,924 15,193 
Other consumer110 148 
Consumer portfolio53,775 25,440 53,496 25,640 
Total $214,065 $74,397 $197,441 $42,059 
Interest income on non-accrual loans and leases that would have been recognized had the loans and leases been current in accordance with their contractual terms totaled $7.8 million and $7.6 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively, and $18.6 million and $14.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans and Leases
The following table summarizes the change in the ACL on loans and leases by portfolio segment:
At or for the three months ended September 30,
20232022
(In thousands)Commercial PortfolioConsumer PortfolioTotalCommercial PortfolioConsumer PortfolioTotal
ACL on loans and leases:
Balance, beginning of period$572,653 $56,258 $628,911 $511,745 $59,754 $571,499 
Provision (benefit)38,908 (3,069)35,839 34,513 (3,161)31,352 
Charge-offs(27,360)(3,642)(31,002)(31,356)(1,453)(32,809)
Recoveries292 1,398 1,690 1,413 2,870 4,283 
Balance, end of period$584,493 $50,945 $635,438 $516,315 $58,010 $574,325 
 At or for the nine months ended September 30,
20232022
(In thousands)Commercial PortfolioConsumer PortfolioTotalCommercial PortfolioConsumer PortfolioTotal
ACL on loans and leases:
Balance, beginning of period$533,125 $61,616 $594,741 $257,877 $43,310 $301,187 
Adoption of ASU No. 2022-027,704 (1,831)5,873 — — — 
Initial allowance for PCD loans and leases (1)
— — — 78,376 9,669 88,045 
Provision (benefit)116,489 (7,580)108,909 230,881 1,267 232,148 
Charge-offs(75,715)(5,825)(81,540)(61,361)(3,469)(64,830)
Recoveries2,890 4,565 7,455 10,542 7,233 17,775 
Balance, end of period$584,493 $50,945 $635,438 $516,315 $58,010 $574,325 
Individually evaluated for credit losses40,756 6,421 47,177 36,394 13,278 49,672 
Collectively evaluated for credit losses$543,737 $44,524 $588,261 $479,921 $44,732 $524,653 
(1)Represents the establishment of the initial reserve for PCD loans and leases, which is reported net of $48.3 million of day one charge-offs recognized at the date of acquisition in accordance with GAAP.
53


Credit Quality Indicators
To measure credit risk for the commercial portfolio, the Company employs a dual grade credit risk grading system for estimating the PD and LGD. The credit risk grade system assigns a rating to each borrower and to the facility, which together form a Composite Credit Risk Profile. The credit risk grade system categorizes borrowers by common financial characteristics that measure the credit strength of borrowers and facilities by common structural characteristics. The Composite Credit Risk Profile has ten grades, with each grade corresponding to a progressively greater risk of loss. Grades (1) to (6) are considered pass ratings, and grades (7) to (10) are considered criticized, as defined by the regulatory agencies. A (7) "Special Mention" rating has a potential weakness that, if left uncorrected, may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset. A (8) "Substandard" rating has a well-defined weakness that jeopardizes the full repayment of the debt. A (9) "Doubtful" rating has all of the same weaknesses as a substandard asset with the added characteristic that the weakness makes collection or liquidation in full given current facts, conditions, and values improbable. Assets classified as a (10) "Loss" rating are considered uncollectible and are charged-off. Risk ratings, which are assigned to differentiate risk within the portfolio, are reviewed on an ongoing basis and revised to reflect changes in a borrower's current financial position and outlook, risk profile, and the related collateral and structural position. Loan officers review updated financial information or other loan factors on at least an annual basis for all pass rated loans to assess the accuracy of the risk grade. Criticized loans undergo more frequent reviews and enhanced monitoring.
To measure credit risk for the consumer portfolio, the most relevant credit characteristic is the FICO score, which is a widely used credit scoring system that ranges from 300 to 850. A lower FICO score is indicative of higher credit risk and a higher FICO score is indicative of lower credit risk. FICO scores are updated on at least a quarterly basis.
54


The following tables summarize the amortized cost basis of commercial loans and leases by Composite Credit Risk Profile grade and origination year:
At September 30, 2023
(In thousands)20232022202120202019PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
Commercial non-mortgage:
Risk rating:
Pass$1,998,598 $4,377,097 $1,434,709 $765,133 $630,440 $981,671 $5,629,505 $15,817,153 
Special mention13,863 87,572 75,247 33,537 11,929 18,921 71,822 312,891 
Substandard49,664 114,769 25,383 35,778 44,531 19,772 88,247 378,144 
Total commercial non-mortgage2,062,125 4,579,438 1,535,339 834,448 686,900 1,020,364 5,789,574 16,508,188 
Current period gross write-offs324 2,007 647 511 241 3,782 — 7,512 
Asset-based:
Risk rating:
Pass11,188 1,223 — 1,374 7,776 43,633 1,395,893 1,461,087 
Special mention— — — — — — 75,025 75,025 
Substandard— 3,901 — — 1,330 896 90,723 96,850 
Total asset-based11,188 5,124 — 1,374 9,106 44,529 1,561,641 1,632,962 
Current period gross write-offs— — — — 13,189 3,000 — 16,189 
Commercial real estate:
Risk rating:
Pass1,606,944 3,505,510 1,940,429 1,330,879 1,268,342 3,252,414 167,848 13,072,366 
Special mention825 957 8,044 31,549 23,593 51,125 1,204 117,297 
Substandard23,411 17,455 16,681 15,426 37,360 48,499 — 158,832 
Total commercial real estate1,631,180 3,523,922 1,965,154 1,377,854 1,329,295 3,352,038 169,052 13,348,495 
Current period gross write-offs2,590 — 2,574 3,813 2,754 36,575 — 48,306 
Multi-family:
Risk rating:
Pass1,214,619 1,913,835 1,020,778 419,684 609,830 1,996,593 7,175,340 
Special mention— — — 9,251 359 36,135 — 45,745 
Substandard— — — 368 — 13,306 — 13,674 
Total multi-family1,214,619 1,913,835 1,020,778 429,303 610,189 2,046,034 7,234,759 
Current period gross write-offs— — — — — 1,033 — 1,033 
Equipment financing:
Risk rating:
Pass270,568 321,562 268,145 214,395 211,682 76,550 — 1,362,902 
Special mention— 1,436 1,589 — 10,642 6,850 — 20,517 
Substandard— 5,887 7,020 9,347 13,727 12,458 — 48,439 
Total equipment financing270,568 328,885 276,754 223,742 236,051 95,858 — 1,431,858 
Current period gross write-offs— — — 2,634 — 41 — 2,675 
Warehouse lending:
Risk rating:
Pass— — — — — — 118,478 118,478 
Total warehouse lending— — — — — — 118,478 118,478 
Current period gross write-offs— — — — — — — — 
Total commercial portfolio$5,189,680 $10,351,204 $4,798,025 $2,866,721 $2,871,541 $6,558,823 $7,638,746 $40,274,740 
Current period gross write-offs$2,914 $2,007 $3,221 $6,958 $16,184 $44,431 $— $75,715 
55


At December 31, 2022
(In thousands)20222021202020192018PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
Commercial non-mortgage:
Pass$5,154,781 $1,952,158 $965,975 $792,977 $593,460 $780,200 $5,670,532 $15,910,083 
Special mention104,277 15,598 21,168 263 14,370 7,770 40,142 203,588 
Substandard28,203 11,704 69,954 36,604 70,634 16,852 41,917 275,868 
Doubtful— — — — — 3,255 3,256 
Total commercial non-mortgage5,287,261 1,979,460 1,057,097 829,845 678,464 804,822 5,755,846 16,392,795 
Asset-based:
Pass19,659 3,901 9,424 14,413 5,163 55,553 1,551,250 1,659,363 
Special mention— — — — — — 80,476 80,476 
Substandard— — — 1,491 — — 80,312 81,803 
Total asset-based19,659 3,901 9,424 15,904 5,163 55,553 1,712,038 1,821,642 
Commercial real estate:
Pass3,420,635 2,246,672 1,556,185 1,605,869 1,058,730 2,681,052 97,832 12,666,975 
Special mention21,878 8,995 7,264 37,570 47,419 66,652 1,000 190,778 
Substandard519 2,459 216 31,163 47,021 57,997 — 139,375 
Doubtful— — — — 34 — 35 
Total commercial real estate3,443,032 2,258,126 1,563,665 1,674,603 1,153,170 2,805,735 98,832 12,997,163 
Multi-family:
Pass1,992,980 1,057,705 507,065 694,066 444,564 1,748,337 51,655 6,496,372 
Special mention37,677 — — 95 40,307 726 8,838 87,643 
Substandard— — 382 — 12,681 24,904 — 37,967 
Total multi-family2,030,657 1,057,705 507,447 694,161 497,552 1,773,967 60,493 6,621,982 
Equipment financing:
Pass388,641 345,792 331,419 308,441 98,874 83,264 — 1,556,431 
Special mention— 185 — 11,965 6,775 25 — 18,950 
Substandard314 16,711 18,436 5,016 5,307 7,228 — 53,012 
Total equipment financing388,955 362,688 349,855 325,422 110,956 90,517 — 1,628,393 
Warehouse lending:
Pass— — — — — — 641,976 641,976 
Total warehouse lending— — — — — — 641,976 641,976 
Total commercial portfolio$11,169,564 $5,661,880 $3,487,488 $3,539,935 $2,445,305 $5,530,594 $8,269,185 $40,103,951 
56


The following tables summarize the amortized cost basis of consumer loans by FICO score and origination year:
At September 30, 2023
(In thousands)20232022202120202019PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
Residential:
Risk rating:
800+$146,015 $783,183 $1,080,117 $439,900 $152,423 $927,801 $— $3,529,439 
740-799320,705 774,244 788,042 303,391 106,743 683,795 — 2,976,920 
670-739128,325 307,265 304,316 95,158 48,146 336,117 — 1,219,327 
580-66911,714 48,750 50,865 14,916 11,133 122,544 — 259,922 
579 and below1,322 51,996 8,697 189 116,917 63,722 — 242,843 
Total residential608,081 1,965,438 2,232,037 853,554 435,362 2,133,979 — 8,228,451 
Current period gross write-offs— — — — 348 — 351 
Home equity:
Risk rating:
800+20,653 27,163 34,930 25,418 7,914 59,074 409,133 584,285 
740-79920,009 22,878 31,037 15,529 5,887 35,482 351,533 482,355 
670-73913,299 15,757 14,689 5,940 3,418 31,292 250,737 335,132 
580-6692,083 3,261 1,875 1,281 1,266 11,419 66,901 88,086 
579 and below544 787 909 895 556 5,909 33,588 43,188 
Total home equity56,588 69,846 83,440 49,063 19,041 143,176 1,111,892 1,533,046 
Current period gross write-offs— 81 — — 2,312 — 2,396 
Other consumer:
Risk rating:
800+345 434 1,968 336 509 134 21,869 25,595 
740-7991,172 709 565 838 1,102 447 4,144 8,977 
670-739406 588 383 1,143 1,826 154 9,644 14,144 
580-66955 143 123 246 461 67 1,203 2,298 
579 and below59 91 54 11 43 30 607 895 
Total other consumer2,037 1,965 3,093 2,574 3,941 832 37,467 51,909 
Current period gross write-offs2,354 203 286 225 — 3,078 
Total consumer portfolio$666,706 $2,037,249 $2,318,570 $905,191 $458,344 $2,277,987 $1,149,359 $9,813,406 
Current period gross write-offs$2,354 $10 $87 $203 $286 $2,885 $— $5,825 
At December 31, 2022
(In thousands)20222021202020192018PriorRevolving Loans Amortized Cost BasisTotal
Residential:
800+$527,408 $954,568 $469,518 $160,596 $28,361 $997,409 $— $3,137,860 
740-799963,026 946,339 311,295 111,913 43,684 689,771 — 3,066,028 
670-739381,515 350,671 103,999 62,365 18,451 384,687 — 1,301,688 
580-66940,959 49,648 14,484 5,836 2,357 138,107 — 251,391 
579 and below52,464 3,693 2,057 84,032 1,299 62,908 — 206,453 
Total residential1,965,372 2,304,919 901,353 424,742 94,152 2,272,882 — 7,963,420 
Home equity:
800+25,475 35,129 25,612 7,578 12,545 55,352 465,318 627,009 
740-79926,743 35,178 17,621 8,111 7,765 32,270 398,692 526,380 
670-73918,396 16,679 8,175 3,635 7,614 30,060 259,646 344,205 
580-6692,848 3,068 1,520 1,456 1,163 13,607 76,614 100,276 
579 and below426 386 651 661 563 4,736 27,814 35,237 
Total home equity73,888 90,440 53,579 21,441 29,650 136,025 1,228,084 1,633,107 
Other consumer:
800+495 218 544 1,045 247 56 19,196 21,801 
740-799888 2,624 1,959 2,494 941 364 12,218 21,488 
670-739977 603 2,480 4,238 1,041 118 6,107 15,564 
580-669211 117 337 801 173 54 2,223 3,916 
579 and below169 101 29 116 36 21 707 1,179 
Total other consumer2,740 3,663 5,349 8,694 2,438 613 40,451 63,948 
Total consumer portfolio$2,042,000 $2,399,022 $960,281 $454,877 $126,240 $2,409,520 $1,268,535 $9,660,475 
57


Collateral Dependent Loans and Leases
A loan or lease is considered collateral dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is substantially expected to be provided through the operation or sale of collateral. At September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the carrying amount of collateral dependent commercial loans and leases totaled $35.9 million and $43.8 million, respectively, and the carrying amount of collateral dependent consumer loans totaled $41.0 million and $45.2 million, respectively. Commercial non-mortgage, asset-based, and equipment financing loans and leases are generally secured by machinery and equipment, inventory, receivables, or other non-real estate assets, whereas commercial real estate, multi-family, residential, home equity, and other consumer loans are secured by real estate. The ACL for collateral dependent loans and leases is individually assessed based on the fair value of the collateral less costs to sell. At September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the collateral value associated with collateral dependent loans and leases totaled $110.6 million and $108.0 million, respectively.
Modifications for Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty
On January 1, 2023, the Company adopted ASU 2022-02, which eliminates the accounting guidance for TDRs and enhances the disclosure requirements for certain loan modifications when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. For a description of the Company's accounting policies related to the accounting and reporting of TDRs, for which comparative period information is presented, refer to Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
In certain circumstances, the Company enters into agreements to modify the terms of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. A variety of solutions are offered to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, including loan modifications that may result in principal forgiveness, interest rate reductions, payment delays, term extension, or a combination thereof. The following is a description of each of these types of modifications:
Principal forgiveness – The outstanding principal balance of a loan may be reduced by a specified amount. Principal forgiveness may occur voluntarily as part of a negotiated agreement with a borrower, or involuntarily through a bankruptcy proceeding.
Interest rate reductions – Includes modifications where the contractual interest rate of the loan has been reduced.
Payment delays – Deferral arrangements which allow borrowers to delay a scheduled loan payment to a later date. Deferred loan payments do not affect the original contractual terms of the loan. Modifications that result in only an insignificant payment delay are not disclosed. The Company considers that a three month or less payment delay generally would be considered insignificant.
Term extensions – Extensions of the original contractual maturity date of the loan.
Combination – Combination includes loans that have undergone more than one of the above loan modification types.
Significant judgment is required to determine if a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. These considerations vary by portfolio class. The Company has identified modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that are included in its disclosures as follows:
Commercial: The Company evaluates modifications of loans to commercial borrowers that are rated substandard or worse, and includes the modifications in its disclosures to the extent that the modification is considered
other-than-insignificant.
Consumer: The Company generally evaluates modifications of loans to consumer borrowers subject to its loss mitigation program and includes them in its disclosures to the extent that the modification is considered other-than-insignificant.
58


The following table summarizes the amortized cost basis at September 30, 2023, of loans modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty, disaggregated by class and type of concession granted:
For the three months ended September 30, 2023
(In thousands)Interest Rate ReductionTerm ExtensionPayment DelayCombination Term Extension and Interest Rate ReductionCombination Term Extension and Payment DelayCombination Term Extension, Interest Rate Reduction, and Principal ForgivenessTotal
% of Total Class (2)
Commercial non-mortgage$$26,970$$940$17,798$$45,7080.3  %
Asset-based13,31789614,2130.9 
Commercial real estate76817,24750618,5210.1 
Residential257138395— 
Home equity1184308430— 
Total (1)
$375$41,193$4$18,495$18,304$896$79,2670.2  %
For the nine months ended September 30, 2023
(In thousands)Interest Rate ReductionTerm ExtensionPayment DelayCombination Term Extension and Interest Rate ReductionCombination Term Extension and Payment DelayCombination Term Extension, Interest Rate Reduction, and Principal ForgivenessTotal
% of Total Class (2)
Commercial non-mortgage$$65,470$9,409$1,253$29,314$$105,4460.6  %
Asset-based13,31789614,2130.9 
Commercial real estate3,92818217,24750621,8630.2 
Equipment financing1,3621,3620.1 
Residential2571,2871,6003,144— 
Home equity18110545168060.1 
Total (1)
$438$84,107$12,557$19,016$29,820$896$146,8340.3  %
(1)The total amortized cost excludes accrued interest receivable of $0.2 million and $0.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.
(2)Represents the total amortized cost of the loans modified as a percentage of the total period end loan balance by class.
The following table describes the financial effect of the modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty:
For the three months ended September 30, 2023
Financial Effect
Interest Rate Reduction:
Residential
Reduced weighted average interest rate by 2.3%
Home equity
Reduced weighted average interest rate by 0.3%
Term Extension:
Commercial non-mortgage
Extended term by a weighted average of 1.3 years
Asset-based
Extended term by a weighted average of 0.4 years
Commercial real estate
Extended term by a weighted average of 0.8 years
Residential
Extended term by a weighted average of 4.9 years
Payment Delay:
Home equity
Provided partial payment deferrals for a weighted average of 0.4 years
Combination Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction:
Commercial non-mortgage
Extended term by a weighted average of 0.6 years and reduced weighted average interest rate by 2.0%
Commercial real estate
Extended term by a weighted average of 3.0 years and reduced weighted average interest rate by 2.4%
Home equity
Extended term by a weighted average of 19.6 years and reduced weighted average interest rate by 2.5%
Combination Term Extension and Payment Delay:
Commercial non-mortgage
Extended term by a weighted average of 1.2 years and provided partial payment deferrals for a weighted average of 2.0 years
Commercial real estate
Extended term by a weighted average of 0.5 years and provided payment deferrals for a weighted average of 0.5 years
Combination Term Extension, Interest Rate Reduction, and Principal Forgiveness:
Asset-based
Extended term by a weighted average of 4.6 years, reduced weighted average interest rate by 10.8%, and provided 1/3 principal forgiveness contingent upon payment
59


For the nine months ended September 30, 2023
Financial Effect
Interest Rate Reduction:
Residential
Reduced weighted average interest rate by 2.3%
Home equity
Reduced weighted average interest rate by 0.3%
Term Extension:
Commercial non-mortgage
Extended term by a weighted average of 1.1 years
Asset-based
Extended term by a weighted average of 0.4 years
Commercial real estate
Extended term by a weighted average of 1.9 years
Residential
Extended term by a weighted average of 1.8 years
Home equity
Extended term by a weighted average of 11.5 years
Payment Delay:
Commercial non-mortgage
Provided partial payment deferrals for a weighted average of 0.5 years
Commercial real estate
Provided payment deferrals for a weighted average of 0.3 years to be received at contractual maturity
Equipment financing
Provided partial payment deferrals for a weighted average of 0.5 years
Residential
Provided payment deferrals for a weighted average of 1.0 year
Home equity
Provided partial payment deferrals for a weighted average of 0.4 years
Combination Term Extension and Rate Reduction:
Commercial non-mortgage
Extended term by a weighted average of 1.4 years and reduced weighted average interest rate by 1.8%
Commercial real estate
Extended term by a weighted average of 3.0 years and reduced weighted average interest rate by 2.4%
Home equity
Extended term by a weighted average of 16.8 years and reduced weighted average interest rate by 2.1%
Combination Term Extension and Payment Delay:
Commercial non-mortgage
Extended term by a weighted average of 1.1 years and provided partial payment deferrals for a weighted average of 1.9 years
Commercial real estate
Extended term by a weighted average of 0.5 years and provided payment deferrals for a weighted average of 0.5 years
Combination Term Extension, Interest Rate Reduction, and Principal Forgiveness:
Asset-based
Extended term by a weighted average of 4.6 years, reduced weighted average interest rate by 10.8%, and provided 1/3 principal forgiveness contingent upon payment
The Company closely monitors the performance of the loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty to understand the effectiveness of its modification efforts. The following table summarizes the aging of loans that have been modified in the nine months ended September 30, 2023:
At September 30, 2023
(In thousands)Current30-59 Days
Past Due
60-89 Days
Past Due
90+ Days
Past Due
Non-AccrualTotal
Commercial non-mortgage$51,613$$$$53,833$105,446
Asset-based13,31789614,213
Commercial real estate4,43517,42821,863
Equipment financing1,3621,362
Residential3272,8173,144
Home equity240566806
Total$71,294$$$$75,540$146,834
Loans made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty that were modified during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2023, and that subsequently defaulted were not significant. For the purposes of this disclosure, a payment default is defined as 90 or more days past due and still accruing. Non-accrual loans that are modified to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty remain on non-accrual status until the borrower has demonstrated performance under the modified terms. Commitments to lend additional funds to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose loans had been modified were not significant.
60


Troubled Debt Restructurings Prior to the Adoption of ASU 2022-02
The following table summarizes information related to TDRs:
(In thousands)At December 31, 2022
Accrual status$110,868 
Non-accrual status83,954 
Total TDRs$194,822 
Additional funds committed to borrowers in TDR status$1,724 
Specific reserves for TDRs included in the ACL on loans and leases:
Commercial portfolio$14,578 
Consumer portfolio3,559 
The following table summarizes loans and leases modified as TDRs by class and modification type during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022:
Three months ended September 30, 2022Nine months ended September 30, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)Number of
Contracts
Recorded
Investment (1)
Number of
Contracts
Recorded
Investment (1)
Commercial non-mortgage
Term extension1$243$121
Combination - Term extension and interest rate reduction33228765
Other (2)
1517,4081640,372
Equipment financing
Other (2)
11,157
Residential
Extended maturity1893
Maturity/rate combined11241124
Other (2)
129873,060
Home equity
Adjusted interest rate174
Combination - Term extension and interest rate reduction31,515142,239
Other (2)
6444301,777
Total TDRs30$20,13582$50,582
(1)Post-modification balances approximated pre-modification balances. The aggregate amount of charge-offs due to restructurings was not significant.
(2)Other included covenant modifications, forbearance, discharges under Chapter 7 bankruptcy, or other concessions.
The portion of TDRs deemed to be uncollectible and charged-off totaled zero for the commercial portfolio and $0.1 million for the consumer portfolio for the three months ended September 30, 2022, and $10.0 million for the commercial portfolio and $0.2 million for the consumer portfolio for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. There were 5 loans and leases with an aggregated amortized cost of $0.9 million that were modified as TDRs within the previous 12 months and for which there was a payment default during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022.
61


Note 5: Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets
The Company originates and sells residential mortgage loans in the normal course of business, primarily to government-sponsored entities through established programs and securitizations. Residential mortgage origination fees, adjustments for changes in fair value, and any gain or loss recognized on residential mortgage loans sold are included in Mortgage banking activities on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
The following table summarizes information related to mortgage banking activities:
 Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
(In thousands)2023202220232022
Net gain on sale$51 $26 $219 $529 
Origination fees22 52 194 
Fair value adjustment(16)38 (41)(107)
Mortgage banking activities$42 $86 $230 $616 
Proceeds from sale$2,590 $1,053 $11,250 $33,886 
Loans sold with servicing rights retained633 147 5,981 30,464 
Under certain circumstances, the Company may decide to sell loans that were not originated or otherwise acquired with the intent to sell. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, the Company sold commercial loans not originated for sale for proceeds of $71.5 million and $530.1 million, respectively, which resulted in net gains (losses) on sale that were not significant. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, the Company sold commercial loans not originated for sale for proceeds of $512.6 million and $648.6 million, respectively, which resulted in net gains on sale of $0.7 million and $3.1 million, respectively.
In addition, the Company may retain servicing rights on its residential mortgage loans sold in the normal course of business. At September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the aggregate principal balance of residential mortgage loans serviced for others totaled $1.8 billion and $2.0 billion, respectively. Mortgage servicing rights are held at the lower of cost, net of accumulated amortization, or fair market value, and are included in Accrued interest receivable and other assets on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company assesses mortgage servicing rights for impairment each quarter and establishes or adjusts the valuation allowance to the extent that amortized cost exceeds the estimated fair market value.
The following table presents the change in the carrying amount for mortgage servicing rights:
Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
(In thousands)2023202220232022
Balance, beginning of period$8,858 $8,592 $9,515 $9,237 
Acquired from Sterling— — — 859 
Additions13 1,627 65 1,892 
Amortization(352)(382)(1,061)(2,151)
Balance, end of period$8,519 $9,837 $8,519 $9,837 
Loan servicing fees, net of mortgage servicing rights amortization, were $1.2 million and $1.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively, and $3.8 million and $2.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively, and are included in Loan and lease related fees on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Information regarding the fair value of loans held for sale and mortgage servicing rights can be found within Note 14: Fair Value Measurements.
62


Note 6: Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill
The following table summarizes changes in the carrying amount of goodwill:
(In thousands)At September 30,
2023
At December 31,
2022
Balance, beginning of period$2,514,104 $538,373 
interLINK acquisition143,216 — 
Sterling merger (1)
(25,561)1,939,765 
Bend acquisition (1)
(294)35,966 
Balance, end of period$2,631,465 $2,514,104 
(1)The 2023 changes reflect adjustments recorded within the one-year measurement period, which were identified in the first quarter as a result of extended information gathering and new information that arose from integration activities. The allocation of the purchase price and goodwill calculations for both the Sterling merger and Bend acquisition were final as of March 31, 2023.
Information regarding goodwill by reportable segment can be found within Note 16: Segment Reporting.
Other Intangible Assets
The following table summarizes other intangible assets:
 At September 30, 2023At December 31, 2022
(In thousands)Gross Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net Carrying
Amount
Gross Carrying
Amount
Accumulated
Amortization
Net Carrying
Amount
Core deposits$146,037 $49,871 $96,166 $146,037 $36,710 $109,327 
Customer relationships (1)
151,000 38,814 112,186 115,000 24,985 90,015 
Non-competition agreement (1)
4,000 600 3,400 — — — 
Total other intangible assets$301,037 $89,285 $211,752 $261,037 $61,695 $199,342 
(1)The increase in the gross carrying amount is attributed to the acquisition of interLINK during the first quarter of 2023, in which the Company identified and recorded a $36.0 million intangible asset for broker dealer relationships, which is being amortized on an accelerated basis over an estimated useful life of 10 years, and a $4.0 million non-competition agreement, which is being amortized on a straight-line basis over an estimated useful life of 5 years.
The remaining estimated aggregate future amortization expense for other intangible assets is as follows:
(In thousands)At September 30,
2023
Remainder of 2023$8,617 
202429,618 
202525,956 
202625,565 
202725,565 
Thereafter96,431 

63


Note 7: Deposits
The following table summarizes deposits by type:
(In thousands)At September 30,
2023
At December 31,
2022
Non-interest-bearing:
Demand$11,410,063 $12,974,975 
Interest-bearing:
Health savings accounts8,229,889 7,944,892 
Checking8,826,265 9,237,529 
Money market17,755,198 11,062,652 
Savings6,622,833 8,673,343 
Time deposits7,487,519 4,160,949 
Total interest-bearing$48,921,704 $41,079,365 
Total deposits$60,331,767 $54,054,340 
Time deposits, money market, and interest-bearing checking obtained through brokers (1)
$3,050,332 $1,964,873 
Aggregate amount of time deposit accounts that exceeded the FDIC limit3,467,080 1,894,950 
Demand deposit overdrafts reclassified as loan balances9,867 8,721 
(1)Excludes $5.2 billion of money market sweep deposits received through interLINK at September 30, 2023.
The following table summarizes the scheduled maturities of time deposits:
(In thousands)At September 30,
2023
Remainder of 2023$3,454,002 
20243,790,109 
2025137,311 
202654,969 
202734,419 
Thereafter16,709 
Total time deposits$7,487,519 
Note 8: Borrowings
The following table summarizes securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings:
At September 30, 2023At December 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)Total OutstandingRateTotal OutstandingRate
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (1)
$157,491 0.12 %$282,005 0.11 %
Federal funds purchased— — 869,825 4.44 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings$157,491 0.12 %$1,151,830 3.38 %
(1)The Company has the right of offset with respect to all repurchase agreement assets and liabilities. Total securities sold under agreements to repurchase are presented as gross transactions, as only liabilities are outstanding for the periods presented.
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase, all of which have an original maturity of one year or less for the periods presented, are used as a source of borrowed funds and are collateralized by Agency MBS and Corporate debt. The Company's repurchase agreement counterparties are limited to primary dealers in government securities, and commercial and municipal customers through the Corporate Treasury function. The Company may also purchase unsecured term and overnight federal funds to satisfy its short-term liquidity needs.
64


The following table summarizes information for FHLB advances:
At September 30, 2023At December 31, 2022
(Dollars in thousands)Total OutstandingWeighted-
Average Contractual Coupon Rate
Total OutstandingWeighted-
Average Contractual Coupon Rate
Maturing within 1 year$1,800,113 5.55 %$5,450,187 4.40 %
After 1 but within 2 years— — — — 
After 2 but within 3 years— — — — 
After 3 but within 4 years— — — — 
After 4 but within 5 years471 1.35 252 — 
After 5 years9,634 2.07 10,113 2.09 
Total FHLB advances$1,810,218 5.53 %$5,460,552 4.39 %
Aggregate carrying value of assets pledged as collateral$20,943,861 $13,692,379 
Remaining borrowing capacity at FHLB13,380,838 4,291,326 
The Bank may borrow up to the amount of eligible mortgages and securities that have been pledged as collateral to secure FHLB advances, which includes certain residential and commercial real estate loans, home equity lines of credit, CMBS, Agency MBS, Agency CMO, U.S. Treasury notes, and MBS. The Bank was in compliance with its FHLB collateral requirements at both September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022.
The following table summarizes long-term debt:
(Dollars in thousands)At September 30,
2023
At December 31,
2022
4.375%
Senior fixed-rate notes due February 15, 2024 (2)
$132,550 $150,000 
4.100%
Senior fixed-rate notes due March 25, 2029 (3)
329,443 333,458 
4.000%Subordinated fixed-to-floating rate notes due December 30, 2029274,000 274,000 
3.875%Subordinated fixed-to-floating rate notes due November 1, 2030225,000 225,000 
Junior subordinated debt Webster Statutory Trust I floating-rate notes due September 17, 2033 (4)
77,320 77,320 
Total senior and subordinated debt1,038,313 1,059,778 
Discount on senior fixed-rate notes(592)(756)
Debt issuance cost on senior fixed-rate notes(1,516)(1,824)
Premium on subordinated fixed-to-floating rate notes14,334 15,930 
Long-term debt (1)
$1,050,539 $1,073,128 
(1)The classification of debt as long-term is based on the initial terms of greater than one year as of the date of issuance.
(2)The Company repurchased and retired $17.5 million of these senior notes at 96 cents on the dollar in May 2023. The resulting
$0.7 million gain recognized on extinguishment is included in Other income on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
(3)The Company de-designated its fair value hedging relationship on these senior notes in 2020. A basis adjustment of $29.4 million and $33.5 million at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, is included in the carrying value and is being amortized over the remaining life of the senior notes.
(4)The interest rate on the Webster Statutory Trust I floating-rate notes, which varies quarterly based on 3-month SOFR (previously
3-month LIBOR prior to the July 1, 2023 publication cessation date) plus 2.95%, which yielded 8.62% and 7.69% at
September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
65


Note 9: Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net of Tax
The following tables summarize the changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Three months ended September 30, 2023Nine months ended September 30, 2023
(In thousands)Securities Available For SaleDerivative InstrumentsDefined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit PlansTotalSecurities Available
For Sale
Derivative InstrumentsDefined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit PlansTotal
Balance, beginning of period$(644,579)$(35,023)$(39,221)$(718,823)$(631,160)$(8,874)$(44,926)$(684,960)
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications(174,594)(23,132)— (197,726)(203,031)(50,473)3,553 (249,951)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss)— 421 349 770 15,018 1,613 2,501 19,132 
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax(174,594)(22,711)349 (196,956)(188,013)(48,860)6,054 (230,819)
Balance, end of period$(819,173)$(57,734)$(38,872)$(915,779)$(819,173)$(57,734)$(38,872)$(915,779)
Three months ended September 30, 2022Nine months ended September 30, 2022
(In thousands)Securities Available For SaleDerivative InstrumentsDefined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit PlansTotalSecurities Available
For Sale
Derivative InstrumentsDefined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit PlansTotal
Balance, beginning of period$(445,616)$(2,082)$(33,634)$(481,332)$4,536 $6,070 $(33,186)$(22,580)
Other comprehensive (loss)
before reclassifications
(243,872)(14,416)(248)(258,536)(694,024)(24,099)(1,295)(719,418)
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss)1,641 717 609 2,967 1,641 2,248 1,208 5,097 
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax(242,231)(13,699)361 (255,569)(692,383)(21,851)(87)(714,321)
Balance, end of period$(687,847)$(15,781)$(33,273)$(736,901)$(687,847)$(15,781)$(33,273)$(736,901)
The following table further summarizes the amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income:
Accumulated Other Comprehensive
(Loss) Income Components
Three months endedNine months endedAssociated Line Item on the
Condensed Consolidated
Statements of Income
September 30,September 30,
2023202220232022
(In thousands)
Investment securities available-for-sale:
Net holding (losses)$— $(2,234)$(20,531)$(2,234)(Loss) on sale of investment securities
Tax benefit— 593 5,513 593 Income tax expense
Net of tax$— $(1,641)$(15,018)$(1,641)
Derivative instruments:
Hedge terminations$(67)$(76)$(242)$(229)Interest expense
Premium amortization(510)(909)(1,970)(2,856)Interest income
Tax benefit156 268 599 837 Income tax expense
Net of tax$(421)$(717)$(1,613)$(2,248)
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans:
Actuarial net loss amortization$(479)$(835)$(1,562)$(1,657)Other expense
Other— — (1,869)— Other expense
Tax benefit130 226 930 449 Income tax expense
Net of tax$(349)$(609)$(2,501)$(1,208)

66


Note 10: Regulatory Capital and Restrictions
Capital Requirements
The Holding Company and the Bank are subject to various regulatory capital requirements administered by the federal banking agencies. Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory actions by regulators that could have a direct material effect on the Company’s financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and/or the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action (such provisions apply to the Bank only), both the Holding Company and the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance sheet items calculated pursuant to regulatory directives. Capital amounts and classification are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk weightings, and other factors.
Quantitative measures established by Basel III to ensure capital adequacy require the Company to maintain minimum ratios of CET1 capital to total risk-weighted assets (CET1 risk-based capital), Tier 1 capital to total risk-weighted assets (Tier 1 risk-based capital), Total capital to total risk-weighted assets (Total risk-based capital), and Tier 1 capital to average tangible assets (Tier 1 leverage capital), as defined in the regulations. CET1 capital consists of common stockholders’ equity less deductions for goodwill and other intangible assets, and certain deferred tax adjustments. Upon adoption of Basel III, the Company elected to opt-out of the requirement to include certain components of AOCI in CET1 capital. Tier 1 capital consists of CET1 capital plus preferred stock. Total capital consists of Tier 1 capital and Tier 2 capital, as defined in the regulations. Tier 2 capital includes permissible portions of subordinated debt and the ACL.
At September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, both the Holding Company and the Bank were classified as well-capitalized. Management believes that no events or changes have occurred subsequent to year-end that would change this designation.
The following tables provides information on the capital ratios for the Holding Company and the Bank:
At September 30, 2023
 
Actual (1)
Minimum RequirementWell Capitalized
(Dollars in thousands)AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
Webster Financial Corporation
CET1 risk-based capital$6,048,469 11.12 %$2,447,347 4.5 %$3,535,056 6.5 %
Total risk-based capital7,497,339 13.79 4,350,838 8.0 5,438,548 10.0 
Tier 1 risk-based capital6,332,448 11.64 3,263,129 6.0 4,350,838 8.0 
Tier 1 leverage capital 6,332,448 8.83 2,869,002 4.0 3,586,253 5.0 
Webster Bank
CET1 risk-based capital$6,790,765 12.51 %$2,443,048 4.5 %$3,528,848 6.5 %
Total risk-based capital7,365,002 13.57 4,343,197 8.0 5,428,997 10.0 
Tier 1 risk-based capital6,790,765 12.51 3,257,398 6.0 4,343,197 8.0 
Tier 1 leverage capital 6,790,765 9.48 2,866,587 4.0 3,583,234 5.0 
At December 31, 2022
 
Actual (1)
Minimum RequirementWell Capitalized
(Dollars in thousands)AmountRatioAmountRatioAmountRatio
Webster Financial Corporation
CET1 risk-based capital$5,822,369 10.71 %$2,446,344 4.5 %$3,533,608 6.5 %
Total risk-based capital7,203,029 13.25 4,349,056 8.0 5,436,320 10.0 
Tier 1 risk-based capital6,106,348 11.23 3,261,792 6.0 4,349,056 8.0 
Tier 1 leverage capital 6,106,348 8.95 2,730,212 4.0 3,412,765 5.0 
Webster Bank
CET1 risk-based capital$6,661,504 12.28 %$2,442,058 4.5 %$3,527,417 6.5 %
Total risk-based capital7,165,935 13.20 4,341,437 8.0 5,426,796 10.0 
Tier 1 risk-based capital6,661,504 12.28 3,256,078 6.0 4,341,437 8.0 
Tier 1 leverage capital 6,661,504 9.77 2,727,476 4.0 3,409,345 5.0 
(1)In accordance with regulatory capital rules, the Company elected an option to delay the estimated impact of the adoption of CECL on its regulatory capital over a two-year deferral period, which ended on January 1, 2022, and a subsequent three-year transition period ending on December 31, 2024. During the three-year transition period, regulatory capital ratios will phase out the aggregate amount of the regulatory capital benefit provided from the delayed CECL adoption in the initial two years. For 2022, 2023, and 2024, the Company is allowed 75%, 50%, and 25%, respectively, of the regulatory capital benefit as of December 31, 2021, with full absorption occurring in 2025.
67


Dividend Restrictions
The Holding Company is dependent upon dividends from the Bank to provide funds for the payment of dividends to stockholders and for other cash requirements. Dividends paid by the Bank are subject to various federal and state regulatory limitations. Express approval by the OCC is required if the effect of dividends declared would cause the regulatory capital of the Bank to fall below specified minimum levels or if the amount would exceed net income for that year combined with undistributed net income for the preceding two years.
The Bank paid dividends to the Holding Company totaling $250.0 million and $500.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $250.0 million and $375.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, for which no express approval from the OCC was required.
Cash Restrictions
The Bank is required under Federal Reserve regulations to maintain cash reserve balances in the form of vault cash or deposits held at a FRB to ensure that it is able to meet customer demands. The reserve requirement ratio is subject to adjustment as economic conditions warrant. Effective March 26, 2020, the Federal Reserve reset the requirement to zero in order to address liquidity concerns resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Pursuant to this action, the Bank has not been required to hold cash reserve balances since that date.
Note 11: Variable Interest Entities
The Company has an investment interest in the following entities that each meet the definition of a variable interest entity. Information regarding the Company's consolidation of variable interest entities can be found within Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part II - Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Consolidated
Rabbi Trusts. The Company established a Rabbi Trust to meet its obligations due under the Webster Bank Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors and Officers and to mitigate expense volatility. The funding of the Rabbi Trust and the discontinuation of the Webster Bank Deferred Compensation Plan for Directors and Officers occurred during 2012. In connection with the Sterling merger in 2022, the Company acquired assets held in a separate Rabbi Trust that had been previously established to fund obligations due under the Greater New York Savings Bank Directors' Retirement Plan.
Investments held in the Rabbi Trusts consist primarily of mutual funds that invest in equity and fixed income securities. The Company is considered the primary beneficiary of these Rabbi Trusts as it has the power to direct the activities of the Rabbi Trusts that most significantly impact its economic performance and it has the obligation to absorb losses and/or the right to receive benefits of the Rabbi Trusts that could potentially be significant.
The Rabbi Trusts' assets are included in Accrued interest receivable and other assets on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Investment earnings and any changes in fair value are included in Other income on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Additional information regarding the Rabbi Trusts' investments can be found within Note 14: Fair Value Measurements.
Non-Consolidated
Low-Income Housing Tax Credit Investments. The Company makes non-marketable equity investments in entities that sponsor affordable housing and other community development projects that qualify for the LIHTC Program pursuant to Section 42 of the Internal Revenue Code. The purpose of these investments is not only to assist the Bank in meeting its responsibilities under the CRA, but also to provide a return, primarily through the realization of tax benefits. While the Company's investment in an entity may exceed 50% of its outstanding equity interests, the entity is not consolidated as the Company is not the primary beneficiary. The Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary due to its inability to direct the activities that most significantly impact economic performance. The Company applies the proportional amortization method to subsequently measure its investments in qualified affordable housing projects.
The following table summarizes the Company's LIHTC investments and related unfunded commitments:
(In thousands)September 30, 2023December 31, 2022
Gross investment in LIHTC investments$921,100 $797,453 
Accumulated amortization(123,708)(69,424)
Net investment in LIHTC investments$797,392 $728,029 
Unfunded commitments for LIHTC investments$391,896 $335,959 
68


The aggregate carrying value of the Company's LIHTC investments is included in Accrued interest receivable and other assets on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and represents the Company's maximum exposure to loss. The related unfunded commitments are included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. There were $120.9 million and $123.4 million of net commitments approved to fund LIHTC investments during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
Webster Statutory Trust. The Company owns all the outstanding common stock of Webster Statutory Trust, a financial vehicle that has issued, and in the future may issue, trust preferred securities. The Company is not the primary beneficiary of Webster Statutory Trust. Webster Statutory Trust's only assets are junior subordinated debentures that are issued by the Company, which were acquired using the proceeds from the issuance of trust preferred securities and common stock. The junior subordinated debentures are included in Long-term debt on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the related interest expense is included in Long-term debt on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. Additional information regarding these junior subordinated debentures can be found within Note 8: Borrowings.
Other Non-Marketable Investments. The Company invests in alternative investments comprising interests in non-public entities that cannot be redeemed since the underlying equity is distributed as the investment is liquidated. The ultimate timing and amount of these distributions cannot be predicted with reasonable certainty. For each of these alternative investments that is classified as a variable interest entity, the Company has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary due to its inability to direct the activities that most significantly impact economic performance. The aggregate carrying value of the Company's other non-marketable investments was $179.5 million and $144.9 million at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, which is included in Accrued interest receivable and other assets on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, and its maximum exposure to loss, including unfunded commitments, was $299.9 million and $243.9 million, respectively. Additional information regarding the fair value of other non-marketable investments can be found within
Note 14: Fair Value Measurements.
Note 12: Earnings Per Common Share
The following table summarizes the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per common share:
 Three months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
(In thousands, except per share data)2023202220232022
Net income$226,475 $233,968 $682,447 $399,532 
Less: Preferred stock dividends4,162 4,162 12,487 11,756 
Net income available to common stockholders222,313 229,806 669,960 387,776 
Less: Earnings allocated to participating securities2,146 2,128 6,211 3,562 
Earnings applicable to common stockholders$220,167 $227,678 $663,749 $384,214 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - basic171,210 173,868 172,233 165,743 
Add: Effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock140 76 93 70 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding - diluted171,350 173,944 172,326 165,813 
Basic earnings per common share$1.29 $1.31 $3.85 $2.32 
Diluted earnings per common share1.28 1.31 3.85 2.32 
Earnings per common share is calculated under the two-class method in which all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated to common stock and participating securities based on their respective rights to receive dividends. The Company may grant restricted stock, restricted stock units, non-qualified stock options, incentive stock options, or stock appreciation rights to certain employees and directors under its stock-based compensation programs, which entitle recipients to receive
non-forfeitable dividends during the vesting period on a basis equivalent to the dividends paid to holders of common stock. These unvested awards meet the definition of participating securities.
Potential common shares from performance-based restricted stock that were not included in the computation of dilutive earnings per common share because they were anti-dilutive under the treasury stock method were 96,415 and 187,349 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and 97,294 and 330,688 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively.
69


Note 13: Derivative Financial Instruments
Derivative Positions and Offsetting
Derivatives Designated as Hedging Instruments. Interest rate swaps allow the Company to change the fixed or variable nature of an interest rate without the exchange of the underlying notional amount. Certain pay fixed/receive variable interest rate swaps are designated as cash flow hedges to effectively convert variable-rate debt into fixed-rate debt, whereas certain receive fixed/pay variable interest rate swaps are designated as fair value hedges to effectively convert fixed-rate long-term debt into variable-rate debt. Certain purchased options are also designated as cash flow hedges. Purchased options allow the Company to limit the potential adverse impact of variable interest rates by establishing a cap rate or floor rate in exchange for an upfront premium. The purchased options designated as cash flow hedges represent interest rate caps where payment is received from the counterparty if interest rates rise above the cap rate, and interest rate floors where payment is received from the counterparty when interest rates fall below the floor rate.
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments. The Company also enters into other derivative transactions to manage economic risks, but does not designate the instruments in hedge relationships. In addition, the Company enters into derivative contracts to accommodate customer needs. Derivative contracts with customers are offset with dealer counterparty transactions structured with matching terms to ensure minimal impact on earnings.
The following tables present the notional amounts and fair values, including accrued interest, of derivative positions:
At September 30, 2023
Asset DerivativesLiability Derivatives
(In thousands)Notional AmountsFair ValueNotional AmountsFair Value
Designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate derivatives (1)
$450,000 $$5,400,000 $77,384 
Not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate derivatives (1)
7,580,155 472,844 7,546,167 479,766 
Mortgage banking derivatives (2)
1,113 — — 
Other (3)
264,524 749 684,520 118 
Total not designated as hedging instruments7,845,792 473,601 8,230,687 479,884 
Gross derivative instruments, before netting$8,295,792 473,609 $13,630,687 557,268 
Less: Master netting agreements78,044 78,044 
Cash collateral392,408 — 
Total derivative instruments, after netting$3,157 $479,224 
At December 31, 2022
Asset DerivativesLiability Derivatives
(In thousands)Notional AmountsFair ValueNotional AmountsFair Value
Designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate derivatives (1)
$1,350,000 $1,515 $1,750,000 $9,632 
Not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate derivatives (1)
7,024,507 221,225 7,022,844 403,952 
Mortgage banking derivatives (2)
3,283 32 — — 
Other (3)
161,934 134 606,478 915 
Total not designated as hedging instruments7,189,724 221,391 7,629,322 404,867 
Gross derivative instruments, before netting$8,539,724 222,906 $9,379,322 414,499 
Less: Master netting agreements16,129 16,129 
Cash collateral184,095 — 
Total derivative instruments, after netting$22,682 $398,370 
(1)Balances related to clearing houses are presented as a single unit of account. In accordance with their rule books, clearing houses legally characterize variation margin payments as settlement of derivatives rather than collateral against derivative positions. At September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, notional amounts of interest rate swaps cleared through clearing houses include $0.1 billion and $2.7 billion for asset derivatives, respectively, and $0.4 billion and zero for liability derivatives, respectively. The related fair values approximate zero.
(2)Notional amounts related to residential loans exclude approved floating rate commitments of $2.2 million and $2.4 million at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively.
(3)Other derivatives include foreign currency forward contracts related to lending arrangements, a Visa equity swap transaction, and risk participation agreements. Notional amounts of risk participation agreements include $206.4 million and $125.6 million for asset derivatives and $667.6 million and $559.2 million for liability derivatives at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively, which have insignificant related fair values.
70


The following tables present fair value positions transitioned from gross to net upon applying counterparty netting agreements:
At September 30, 2023
(In thousands)Gross Amount RecognizedDerivative Offset AmountCash Collateral Received/PledgedNet Amount PresentedAmounts Not Offset
Asset derivatives$472,969 $78,044 $392,408 $2,517 $2,538 
Liability derivatives78,044 78,044 — — 6,442 
At December 31, 2022
(In thousands)Gross Amount RecognizedDerivative Offset AmountCash Collateral Received/PledgedNet Amount PresentedAmounts Not Offset
Asset derivatives$217,246 $16,129 $184,095 $17,022 $17,392 
Liability derivatives16,129 16,129 — — 1,545 
Derivative Activity
The following table summarizes the income statement effect of derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Recognized InThree months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
(In thousands)Net Interest Income2023202220232022
Fair value hedges:
Interest rate derivativesDeposits interest expense$7,393 $— $8,086 $— 
Hedged itemDeposits interest expense(6,145)— (5,870)— 
Net recognized on fair value hedges$(1,248)$— $(2,216)$— 
Cash flow hedges:
Interest rate derivativesLong-term debt interest expense$68 $76 $243 $229 
Interest rate derivativesInterest and fees on loans and leases(4,197)(483)(5,657)3,320 
Net recognized on cash flow hedges$(4,265)$(559)$(5,900)$3,091 
The following table summarizes information related to fair value hedging adjustments:
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet Line Item in Which Hedged Item is LocatedNotional Amount of Hedged ItemCarrying Amount of Hedged ItemCumulative Amount of Fair Value Hedging Adjustment Included in Carrying Amount
(In thousands)At September 30,
2023
At December 31,
2022
At September 30,
2023
At December 31,
2022
At September 30,
2023
At December 31,
2022
Deposits$400,000 $— $394,130 $— $(5,870)$— 
Long-term debt (1)
300,000 300,000 329,443 333,458 29,443 33,458 
(1)The Company de-designated its fair value hedging relationship on its long-term debt in 2020. The basis adjustment included in the carrying amount is being amortized into interest expense over the remaining life of the long-term debt.
Time-value premiums, which are amortized on a straight-line basis, are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness for purchased options designated as cash flow hedges. At September 30, 2023, the remaining unamortized balance of time-value premiums was $0.9 million. Over the next twelve months, an estimated decrease to interest income of $42.0 million will be reclassified from AOCI relating to cash flow hedge gain/loss, and an estimated increase to interest expense of $0.1 million will be reclassified from AOCI relating to cash flow hedge terminations. At September 30, 2023, the remaining unamortized loss on terminated cash flow hedges was $0.1 million. The maximum length of time over which forecasted transactions are hedged is 4.4 years. Additional information regarding cash flow hedge activity impacting AOCI and the related amounts reclassified to net income can be found within Note 9: Accumulated Other Comprehensive (Loss) Income, Net of Tax.
The following table summarizes the income statement effect of derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Recognized InThree months ended September 30,Nine months ended September 30,
(In thousands)Non-interest Income2023202220232022
Interest rate derivativesOther income$1,474 $6,032 $(2,407)$25,291 
Mortgage banking derivativesMortgage banking activities31 (24)(47)
OtherOther income1,552 3,196 (104)4,620 
Total not designated as hedging instruments$3,030 $9,259 $(2,535)$29,864 
71


Derivative Exposure. At September 30, 2023, the Company had $6.5 million in initial margin collateral posted at clearing houses. In addition, $398.9 million of cash collateral received is included in Cash and due from banks on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company regularly evaluates the credit risk of its derivative customers, taking into account the likelihood of default, net exposures, and remaining contractual life, among other related factors. Credit risk exposure is mitigated as transactions with customers are generally secured by the same collateral of the underlying transactions. Current net credit exposure relating to derivatives with the Bank's customers was $0.6 million at September 30, 2023. In addition, the Company monitors potential future exposure, representing its best estimate of exposure to remaining contractual maturity. The potential future exposure relating to derivatives with the Bank's customers totaled $102.4 million at September 30, 2023. The Company has incorporated a valuation adjustment to reflect non-performance risk in the fair value measurement of its derivatives, which totaled $10.4 million and $8.4 million at September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, respectively. Various factors impact changes in the valuation adjustment over time, such as changes in the credit spreads of the contracted parties, and changes in market rates and volatilities, which affect the total expected exposure of the derivative instruments.
Note 14: Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. The determination of fair value may require the use of estimates when quoted market prices are not available. Fair value estimates made at a specific point in time are based on management’s judgments regarding future expected losses, current economic conditions, the risk characteristics of each financial instrument, and other subjective factors that cannot be determined with precision.
The framework for measuring fair value provides a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs. The three levels within the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
Level 1: Inputs to the valuation methodology are unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets that the Company has the ability to access at the measurement date.
Level 2: Inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in inactive markets, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (i.e., interest rates, rate volatility, prepayment speeds, and credit ratings), or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market data, correlation, or other means.
Level 3: Inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement. This includes certain pricing models or other similar techniques that require significant management judgment or estimation.
Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
Available-for-Sale Securities. When unadjusted quoted prices are available in an active market, the Company classifies its available-for-sale investment securities within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. U.S. Treasury notes have a readily determinable fair value, and accordingly, are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
When quoted market prices are not available, the Company employs an independent pricing service that utilizes matrix pricing to calculate fair value. These fair value measurements consider observable data, such as dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, yield curves, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayments speeds, credit information, and the respective terms and conditions for debt instruments. Management maintains procedures to monitor the pricing service's results and has a process in place to challenge their valuations and methodologies that appear unusual or unexpected. Government agency debentures, Municipal bonds and notes, Agency CMO, Agency MBS, Agency CMBS, CMBS, CLO, Corporate debt, Private label MBS, and Other available-for-sale securities are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Derivative Instruments. The fair values presented for derivative instruments include any accrued interest. Foreign exchange contracts are valued based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets, and accordingly, are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. Except for mortgage banking derivatives, all other derivative instruments are valued using third-party valuation software, which considers the present value of cash flows discounted using observable forward rate assumptions. The resulting fair value is then validated against valuations performed by independent third parties. These derivative instruments are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
72


Mortgage Banking Derivatives. The Company uses forward sales of mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities to manage the risk of loss associated with its mortgage loan commitments and mortgage loans held for sale. Prior to closing and funding certain single-family residential mortgage loans, an interest rate lock commitment is generally extended to the borrower. During this in-between time period, the Company is subject to the risk that market interest rates may change. If rates rise, investors generally will pay less to purchase mortgage loans, which would result in a reduction in the gain on sale of the loans, or possibly a loss. In an effort to mitigate this risk, forward delivery sales commitments are established in which the Company agrees to either deliver whole mortgage loans to various investors or issue mortgage-backed securities. The fair value of mortgage banking derivatives is determined based on current market prices for similar assets in the secondary market. Accordingly, mortgage banking derivatives are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Originated Loans Held For Sale. The Company has elected to measure originated loans held for sale at fair value under the fair value option per ASC Topic 825, Financial Instruments. Electing to measure originated loans held for sale at fair value reduces certain timing differences and better reflects the price the Company would expect to receive from the sale of these loans. The fair value of originated loans held for sale is based on quoted market prices of similar loans sold in conjunction with securitization transactions. Accordingly, originated loans held for sale are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
The following table compares the fair value to the unpaid principal balance of originated loans held for sale:
At September 30, 2023At December 31, 2022
(In thousands)Fair ValueUnpaid Principal BalanceDifferenceFair ValueUnpaid Principal BalanceDifference
Originated loans held for sale$837 $1,319 $(482)$1,991 $1,631 $360 
Rabbi Trust Investments. Investments held in each of the Company's Rabbi Trusts consist primarily of mutual funds that invest in equity and fixed income securities. Shares of these mutual funds are valued based on the NAV as reported by the trustee of the funds, which represents quoted prices in active markets. The Company has elected to measure the Rabbi Trusts' investments at fair value. Accordingly, the Rabbi Trusts' investments are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. At September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the total cost basis of the investments held in the Rabbi Trusts was $10.3 million and $10.0 million, respectively.
Alternative Investments. Equity investments have a readily determinable fair value when unadjusted quoted prices are available in an active market for identical assets. Accordingly, these alternative investments are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. At September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, equity investments with a readily determinable fair value had a total carrying amount of $0.9 million and $0.4 million, respectively, with no remaining unfunded commitment. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, there were total write-ups in fair value of $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively, associated with these alternative investments.
Equity investments that do not have a readily determinable fair value may qualify for the NAV practical expedient if they meet certain requirements. The Company's alternative investments measured at NAV consist of investments in non-public entities that cannot be redeemed since investments are distributed as the underlying equity is liquidated. Alternative investments measured at NAV are not classified within the fair value hierarchy. At September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, these alternative investments had a total carrying amount of $31.3 million and $89.2 million, respectively, and a remaining unfunded commitment of $29.9 million and $82.7 million, respectively.
Contingent Consideration. The Company recorded $16.0 million of contingent consideration at fair value related to two earn-out agreements associated with the acquisition of interLINK on January 11, 2023. The terms of the purchase agreement specified that the seller would receive earn-outs based on the ability of the Company to: (i) re-sign the existing broker dealers under contract, and (ii) generate $2.5 billion in new broker dealer deposit programs within three years of the acquisition date. The estimated fair values of the contingent consideration liabilities are measured on a recurring basis and determined using an income approach considering management’s evaluation of the probability of achievement, forecasted achievement date (payment term), and a discount rate equivalent to the counterparty cost of debt. These significant inputs, which are the responsibility of management and calculated with the assistance of a third-party valuation specialist, are not observable and accordingly, are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
The following table summarizes the unobservable inputs used to derive the estimated fair value of the Company’s contingent consideration liabilities at September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands):
AgreementMaximum AmountProbability of AchievementPayment Term
(in years)
Discount RateFair Value
(i) Re-sign broker dealers$4,82699.0 %2.136.40 %$4,231
(ii) Deposit program growth$12,500100.0 %1.256.40 %$11,568

73


Contingent consideration liabilities are included within Accrued expenses and other liabilities on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Any fair value adjustments to contingent consideration liabilities are included in Other expense on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
The following tables summarize the fair values of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
 At September 30, 2023
(In thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Financial Assets:
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. Treasury notes$387,021 $— $— $387,021 
Government agency debentures— 248,536 — 248,536 
Municipal bonds and notes— 1,523,322 — 1,523,322 
Agency CMO— 49,905 — 49,905 
Agency MBS— 2,252,635 — 2,252,635 
Agency CMBS— 1,755,131 — 1,755,131 
CMBS— 786,602 — 786,602 
Corporate debt— 601,582 — 601,582 
Private label MBS— 39,878 — 39,878 
Other— 8,779 — 8,779 
Total available-for-sale securities387,021 7,266,370 — 7,653,391 
Gross derivative instruments, before netting (1)
713 472,896 — 473,609 
Originated loans held for sale— 837 — 837 
Investments held in Rabbi Trusts12,837 — — 12,837 
Alternative investments (2)
891 — — 32,206 
Total financial assets$401,462 $7,740,103 $— $8,172,880 
Financial Liabilities:
Gross derivative instruments, before netting (1)
$64 $557,204 $— $557,268 
Contingent consideration— — 15,799 15,799 
Total financial liabilities$64 $557,204 $15,799 $573,067 
 At December 31, 2022
(In thousands)Level 1Level 2Level 3Total
Financial Assets:
Available-for-sale securities:
U.S. Treasury notes$717,040 $— $— $717,040 
Government agency debentures— 258,374 — 258,374 
Municipal bonds and notes— 1,633,202 — 1,633,202 
Agency CMO— 59,965 — 59,965 
Agency MBS— 2,158,024 — 2,158,024 
Agency CMBS— 1,406,486 — 1,406,486 
CMBS— 896,640 — 896,640 
CLO— 2,107 — 2,107 
Corporate debt— 704,412 — 704,412 
Private label MBS— 44,249 — 44,249 
Other— 12,198 — 12,198 
Total available-for-sale securities717,040 7,175,657 — 7,892,697 
Gross derivative instruments, before netting (1)
79 222,827 — 222,906 
Originated loans held for sale— 1,991 — 1,991 
Investments held in Rabbi Trusts12,103 — — 12,103 
Alternative investments (2)
430 — — 89,678 
Total financial assets$729,652 $7,400,475 $— $8,219,375 
Financial Liabilities:
Gross derivative instruments, before netting (1)
$843 $413,656 $— $414,499 
(1)Additional information regarding the impact of netting derivative assets and derivative liabilities, as well as the impact from offsetting cash collateral paid to the same derivative counterparties, can be found within Note 13: Derivative Financial Instruments.
(2)Certain alternative investments are recorded at NAV. Assets measured at NAV are not classified within the fair value hierarchy.
74


Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis
The Company measures certain assets at fair value on a non-recurring basis. The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used for assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis.
Alternative Investments. The measurement alternative has been elected for alternative investments without readily determinable fair values that do not qualify for the NAV practical expedient. The measurement alternative requires investments to be measured at cost minus impairment, if any, plus or minus adjustments resulting from observable price changes in orderly transactions for an identical or similar investment of the same issuer. Accordingly, these alternative investments are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. At September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the carrying amount of these alternative investments was $50.0 million and $42.8 million, respectively, of which $4.8 million and $5.9 million, respectively, were considered to be measured at fair value. There were $0.9 million and $1.2 million in total write-ups due to observable price changes during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, and $1.0 million in write-downs due to impairment.
Loans Transferred to Held for Sale. Once a decision has been made to sell loans not previously classified as held for sale, these loans are transferred into the held for sale category and carried at the lower of cost or fair value, less estimated costs to sell. At the time of transfer into held for sale classification, any amount by which cost exceeds fair value is accounted for as a valuation allowance. This activity generally pertains to loans with observable inputs, and therefore, are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. However, should these loans include adjustments for changes in loan characteristics based on unobservable inputs, the loans would then be classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. At September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, there were $45.4 million and zero loans that were transferred to held for sale on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Collateral Dependent Loans and Leases. Loans and leases for which repayment is substantially expected to be provided through the operation or sale of collateral are considered collateral dependent, and are valued based on the estimated fair value of the collateral, less estimated costs to sell at the reporting date, using customized discounting criteria. Accordingly, collateral dependent loans and leases are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Other Real Estate Owned and Repossessed Assets. OREO and repossessed assets are held at the lower of cost or fair value and are considered to be measured at fair value when recorded below cost. The fair value of OREO is calculated using independent appraisals or internal valuation methods, less estimated selling costs, and may consider available pricing guides, auction results, and price opinions. Certain repossessed assets may also require assumptions about factors that are not observable in an active market when determining fair value. Accordingly, OREO and repossessed assets are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. At September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the total book value of OREO and repossessed assets was $3.3 million and $2.3 million, respectively. In addition, the amortized cost of consumer loans secured by residential real estate property that were in process of foreclosure at September 30, 2023, was $16.3 million.
Estimated Fair Values of Financial Instruments and Mortgage Servicing Assets
The Company is required to disclose the estimated fair values of certain financial instruments and mortgage servicing rights. The following is a description of the valuation methodologies used to estimate fair value for those assets and liabilities.
Cash and Cash Equivalents. Given the short time frame to maturity, the carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents, which comprises cash and due from banks and interest-bearing deposits, approximates fair value. Cash and cash equivalents are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
Held-to-Maturity Securities. When quoted market prices are not available, the Company employs an independent pricing service that utilizes matrix pricing to calculate fair value. These fair value measurements consider observable data, such as dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, yield curves, live trading levels, trade execution data, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information, and the respective terms and conditions for debt instruments. Management maintains procedures to monitor the pricing service's results and has a process in place to challenge their valuations and methodologies that appear unusual or unexpected. Held-to-maturity securities, which include Agency CMO, Agency MBS, Agency CMBS, Municipal bonds and notes, and CMBS, are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Loans and Leases, net. Except for collateral dependent loans and leases, the fair value of loans and leases held for investment is estimated using a discounted cash flow methodology, based on future prepayments and market interest rates inclusive of an illiquidity discount for comparable loans and leases. The associated cash flows are then adjusted for associated credit risks and other potential losses, as appropriate. Loans and leases are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
75


Mortgage Servicing Rights. Mortgage servicing rights are initially measured at fair value and subsequently measured using the amortization method. The Company assesses mortgage servicing rights for impairment each quarter and establishes or adjusts the valuation allowance to the extent that amortized cost exceeds the estimated fair market value. Fair value is calculated as the present value of estimated future net servicing income and relies on market based assumptions for loan prepayment speeds, servicing costs, discount rates, and other economic factors. Accordingly, the primary risk inherent in valuing mortgage servicing rights is the impact of fluctuating interest rates on the related servicing revenue stream. Mortgage servicing rights are classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Deposit Liabilities. The fair value of deposit liabilities, which comprises demand deposits, interest-bearing checking, savings, health savings, and money market accounts, reflects the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. Deposit liabilities are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Time Deposits. The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit is estimated using rates that are currently offered for deposits with similar remaining maturities. Time deposits are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase and Other Borrowings. The fair value of securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings that mature within 90 days approximates their carrying value. The fair value of securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings that mature after 90 days is estimated using a discounted cash flow methodology based on current market rates and adjusted for associated credit risks, as appropriate. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Federal Home Loan Bank Advances and Long-Term Debt. The fair value of FHLB advances and long-term debt is estimated using a discounted cash flow methodology in which discount rates are matched with the time period of the expected cash flows and adjusted for associated credit risks, as appropriate. FHLB advances and long-term debt are classified within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
The following table summarizes the carrying amounts, estimated fair values, and classifications within the fair value hierarchy of selected financial instruments and mortgage servicing rights:
 At September 30, 2023At December 31, 2022
(In thousands)Carrying
Amount
Fair
Value
Carrying
Amount
Fair
Value
Assets:
Level 1
Cash and cash equivalents$2,172,731 $2,172,731 $839,943 $839,943 
Level 2
Held-to-maturity investment securities6,875,772 5,675,674 6,564,697 5,761,453 
Level 3
Loans and leases, net49,452,708 47,196,492 49,169,685 47,604,463 
Mortgage servicing assets8,519 24,822 9,515 27,043 
Liabilities:
Level 2
Deposit liabilities$52,844,248 $52,844,248 $49,893,391 $49,893,391 
Time deposits7,487,519 7,452,837 4,160,949 4,091,979 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings157,491 157,474 1,151,830 1,151,797 
FHLB advances1,810,218 1,810,810 5,460,552 5,459,218 
Long-term debt (1)
1,050,539 995,176 1,073,128 1,001,779 
(1)Any unamortized premiums/discounts, debt issuance costs, or basis adjustments to long-term debt, as applicable, are excluded from the determination of fair value.
76


Note 15: Retirement Benefit Plans
Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
The following tables summarize the components of net periodic benefit cost (income):
Three months ended September 30,
20232022
(In thousands)PensionSERPOPEBPensionSERPOPEB
Service cost$— $— $$— $— $
Interest cost2,164 48 263 1,441 17 194 
Expected return on plan assets(3,435)— — (3,669)— — 
Amortization of actuarial loss (gain)1,153 (676)821 
Net periodic benefit (income) cost$(118)$50 $(407)$(1,407)$24 $210 
Nine months ended September 30,
20232022
(In thousands)PensionSERPOPEBPensionSERPOPEB
Service cost$— $— $20 $— $— $24 
Interest cost6,586 162 906 4,198 49 551 
Expected return on plan assets(8,833)— — (11,006)— — 
Amortization of actuarial loss (gain)3,585 (2,028)1,667 20 (30)
Net periodic benefit cost (income)$1,338 $167 $(1,102)$(5,141)$69 $545 
The components of net periodic benefit cost (income) are included in Other expense on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income. The weighted-average expected long-term rate of return on plan assets determined as of the beginning of the year was 5.50%, and was subsequently remeasured at 6.00% during the September 30, 2023 interim period.
Note 16: Segment Reporting
The Company's operations are organized into three reportable segments that represent its primary businesses: Commercial Banking, HSA Bank, and Consumer Banking. These segments reflect how executive management responsibilities are assigned, how discrete financial information is evaluated, the type of customer served, and how products and services are provided. Certain Treasury activities, including the operations of interLINK, along with the amounts required to reconcile profitability metrics to those reported in accordance with GAAP, are included in the Corporate and Reconciling category.
In connection with the acquisition of interLINK on January 11, 2023, the $143.2 million of goodwill recorded was allocated entirely to Commercial Banking. In addition, as previously discussed in Note 2: Mergers and Acquisitions and
Note 6: Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, the allocation of the purchase price for both the Sterling merger and Bend acquisition was final as of March 31, 2023. As a result, of the total $1.9 billion in goodwill recorded in connection with the Sterling merger, $1.7 billion and $0.2 billion was allocated to Commercial Banking and Consumer Banking, respectively. The $35.7 million of goodwill recorded in connection with the Bend acquisition was allocated entirely to HSA Bank.
Segment Reporting Methodology
The Company uses an internal profitability reporting system to generate information by reportable segment, which is based on a series of management estimates for FTP, and allocations for non-interest expense, provision for credit losses, income taxes, and equity capital. These estimates and allocations, certain of which are subjective in nature, are periodically reviewed and refined. Changes in estimates and allocations that affect the results of any reportable segment do not affect the consolidated financial position or results of operations of the Company as a whole. The full profitability measurement reports, which are prepared for each reportable segment, reflect non-GAAP reporting methodologies. The differences between full profitability and GAAP results are reconciled in the Corporate and Reconciling category.
The Company allocates interest income and interest expense to each business through an internal matched maturity FTP process. The goal of the FTP allocation is to encourage loan and deposit growth consistent with the Company’s overall profitability objectives. The FTP process considers the specific interest rate risk and liquidity risk of financial instruments and other assets and liabilities in each line of business. Loans are assigned an FTP rate for funds used and deposits are assigned an FTP rate for funds provided. The allocation considers the origination date and the earlier of the maturity date or the repricing date of a financial instrument to assign an FTP rate for loans and deposits originated each day. The FTP process transfers the corporate interest rate risk exposure to the Treasury function included within the Corporate and Reconciling category where such exposures are centrally managed.
77


The Company allocates a majority of non-interest expense to each reportable segment using an activity and driver-based costing process. Costs, including shared services and back-office support areas, are analyzed, pooled by process, and assigned to the appropriate reportable segment. The combination of direct revenue, direct expenses, FTP, and allocations of non-interest expense produces PPNR, which is the basis the segments are reviewed by executive management. The Company also allocates the provision for credit losses to each reportable segment based on management's estimate of the expected loss content in each of the specific loan and lease portfolios. The ACL on loans and leases is included in total assets within the Corporate and Reconciling category. Business development expenses, such as merger-related and strategic initiatives costs, are also generally included in the Corporate and Reconciling category.
The following tables present balance sheet information, including the appropriate allocations, for the Company's reportable segments and the Corporate and Reconciling category:
At September 30, 2023
(In thousands)Commercial BankingHSA BankConsumer BankingCorporate and ReconcilingConsolidated Total
Goodwill$2,029,204 $57,485 $544,776 $— $2,631,465 
Total assets42,802,857 118,313 10,803,140 19,406,541 73,130,851 
At December 31, 2022
(In thousands)Commercial BankingHSA BankConsumer BankingCorporate and ReconcilingConsolidated Total
Goodwill$1,904,291 $57,779 $552,034 $— $2,514,104 
Total assets44,380,582 122,729 10,625,334 16,148,876 71,277,521 
The following tables present operating results, including the appropriate allocations, for the Company’s reportable segments and the Corporate and Reconciling category:
 Three months ended September 30, 2023
(In thousands)Commercial BankingHSA BankConsumer BankingCorporate and ReconcilingConsolidated Total
Net interest income$391,386 $77,669 $195,315 $(77,234)$587,136 
Non-interest income30,605 20,799 26,886 12,092 90,382 
Non-interest expense110,306 39,870 105,703 106,699 362,578 
Pre-tax, pre-provision net revenue311,685 58,598 116,498 (171,841)314,940 
Provision (benefit) for credit losses39,477 — (3,638)661 36,500 
Income before income taxes272,208 58,598 120,136 (172,502)278,440 
Income tax expense68,324 15,822 31,716 (63,897)51,965 
Net income$203,884 $42,776 $88,420 $(108,605)$226,475 
 Three months ended September 30, 2022
(In thousands)Commercial BankingHSA BankConsumer BankingCorporate and ReconcilingConsolidated Total
Net interest income$333,554 $58,567 $195,748 $(36,866)$551,003 
Non-interest income40,497 25,842 33,842 13,455 113,636 
Non-interest expense102,415 36,725 109,588 81,343 330,071 
Pre-tax, pre-provision net revenue271,636 47,684 120,002 (104,754)334,568 
Provision (benefit) for credit losses33,341 — (1,989)5,179 36,531 
Income before income taxes238,295 47,684 121,991 (109,933)298,037 
Income tax expense59,574 12,779 31,718 (40,002)64,069 
Net income$178,721 $34,905 $90,273 $(69,931)$233,968 
78


Nine months ended September 30, 2023
(In thousands)Commercial BankingHSA BankConsumer BankingCorporate and ReconcilingConsolidated Total
Net interest income$1,159,306 $224,820 $610,353 $(228,231)$1,766,248 
Non-interest income98,257 67,889 81,722 2,654 250,522 
Non-interest expense329,397 126,213 321,462 262,062 $1,039,134 
Pre-tax, pre-provision net revenue928,166 $166,496 370,613 (487,639)977,636 
Provision (benefit) for credit losses109,994 — (1,085)5,838 114,747 
Income before income tax expense818,172 166,496 371,698 (493,477)862,889 
Income tax expense205,361 44,954 98,128 (168,001)180,442 
Net income$612,811 $121,542 $273,570 $(325,476)$682,447 
Nine months ended September 30, 2022
(In thousands)Commercial BankingHSA BankConsumer BankingCorporate and ReconcilingConsolidated Total
Net interest income$954,044 $152,702 $511,712 $(186,547)$1,431,911 
Non-interest income128,670 79,352 92,541 38,041 338,604 
Non-interest expense294,375 110,674 312,464 330,570 1,048,083 
Pre-tax, pre-provision net revenue788,339 121,380 291,789 (479,076)722,432 
Provision (benefit) for credit losses238,054 — (5,906)5,471 237,619 
Income before income tax expense550,285 121,380 297,695 (484,547)484,813 
Income tax expense133,966 32,530 77,352 (158,567)85,281 
Net income$416,319 $88,850 $220,343 $(325,980)$399,532 
79


Note 17: Revenue from Contracts with Customers
The following tables summarize revenues recognized in accordance with ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. These disaggregated amounts, together with sources of other non-interest income that are subject to other GAAP topics, have been reconciled to non-interest income by reportable segment as presented within Note 16: Segment Reporting.
Three months ended September 30, 2023
(In thousands)Commercial BankingHSA BankConsumer BankingCorporate and
Reconciling
Consolidated
Total
Non-interest Income:
Deposit service fees$5,056 $19,573 $15,251 $1,125 $41,005 
Loan and lease related fees (1)
4,274 — — — 4,274 
Wealth and investment services (2)
2,861 — 4,393 — 7,254 
Other income— 1,226 3,541 1,092 5,859 
Revenue from contracts with customers12,191 20,799 23,185 2,217 58,392 
Other sources of non-interest income18,414 — 3,701 9,875 31,990 
Total non-interest income$30,605 $20,799 $26,886 $12,092 $90,382 
Three months ended September 30, 2022
(In thousands)Commercial BankingHSA BankConsumer BankingCorporate and
Reconciling
Consolidated
Total
Non-interest Income:
Deposit service fees$7,573 $24,008 $18,728 $498 $50,807 
Loan and lease related fees (1)
5,623 — — — 5,623 
Wealth and investment services2,672 — 8,756 (9)11,419 
Other income— 1,834 413 — 2,247 
Revenue from contracts with customers15,868 25,842 27,897 489 70,096 
Other sources of non-interest income24,629 — 5,945 12,966 43,540 
Total non-interest income$40,497 $25,842 $33,842 $13,455 $113,636 
Nine months ended September 30, 2023
(In thousands)Commercial BankingHSA BankConsumer BankingCorporate and
Reconciling
Consolidated
Total
Non-interest Income:
Deposit service fees$16,028 $62,651 $52,456 $724 $131,859 
Loan and lease related fees (1)
13,024 — — — 13,024 
Wealth and investment services (2)
8,501 — 12,746 (15)21,232 
Other income— 5,238 5,097 3,146 13,481 
Revenue from contracts with customers37,553 67,889 70,299 3,855 179,596 
Other sources of non-interest income60,704 — 11,423 (1,201)70,926 
Total non-interest income$98,257 $67,889 $81,722 $2,654 $250,522 
Nine months ended September 30, 2022
(In thousands)Commercial BankingHSA BankConsumer BankingCorporate and
Reconciling
Consolidated
Total
Non-interest Income:
Deposit service fees$21,905 $74,091 $53,057 $966 $150,019 
Loan and lease related fees (1)
16,198 — — — 16,198 
Wealth and investment services8,576 — 24,706 (22)33,260 
Other income— 5,261 1,083 — 6,344 
Revenue from contracts with customers46,679 79,352 78,846 944 205,821 
Other sources of non-interest income81,991 — 13,695 37,097 132,783 
Total non-interest income$128,670 $79,352 $92,541 $38,041 $338,604 
(1)A portion of loan and lease related fees comprises income generated from factored receivables and payroll financing activities that is within the scope of ASC Topic 606.
(2)Effective as of the fourth quarter of 2022, the wealth and investment services revenue stream was impacted by the restructuring of a process in which the Company offers brokerage, investment advisory, and certain insurance-related services to customers. The staff providing these services, who had previously been employees of the Bank, are now employees of a third-party service provider. As a result, the Company now recognizes income from this program on a net basis, which thereby reduces gross reported wealth and investment services non-interest income and the related compensation and benefits non-interest expense on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income.
80


Contracts with customers did not generate significant contract assets and liabilities at September 30, 2023, or December 31, 2022.
Major Revenue Streams
Deposit service fees consist of fees earned from commercial and consumer customer deposit accounts, such as account maintenance and cash management/analysis fees, as well as other transactional service charges (i.e., insufficient funds, wire transfers, stop payment fees, etc.). Performance obligations for account maintenance services and cash management/analysis fees are satisfied on a monthly basis at a fixed transaction price, whereas performance obligations for other deposit service charges that result from various customer-initiated transactions are satisfied at a point-in-time when the service is rendered. Payment for deposit service fees is generally received immediately or in the following month through a direct charge to the customers' accounts. Certain commercial customer contracts include credit clauses, whereby the Company will grant credit upon the customer meeting pre-determined conditions, which can be used to offset fees. On occasion, the Company may also waive certain fees. Fee waivers are recognized as a reduction to revenue in the period the waiver is granted to the customer.
The deposit service fees revenue stream also includes interchange fees earned from debit and credit card transactions. The transaction price for interchange services is based on the transaction value and the interchange rate set by the card network. Performance obligations for interchange fees are satisfied at a point-in-time when the cardholder's transaction is authorized and settled. Payment for interchange fees is generally received immediately or in the following month.
Factored receivables non-interest income consists of fees earned from accounts receivable management services. The Company factors accounts receivable, with and without recourse, for customers whereby the Company purchases their accounts receivable at a discount and assumes the risk, as applicable, and ownership of the assets through direct cash receipt from the end consumer. Factoring services are performed in exchange for a non-refundable fee at a transaction price based on a percentage of the gross invoice amount of each receivable purchased, subject to a minimum required amount. The performance obligation for factoring services is generally satisfied at a point-in-time when the receivable is assigned to the Company. However, should the commission earned not meet or exceed the minimum required annual amount, the difference between that and the actual amount is recognized at the end of the contract term. Other fees associated with factoring receivables may include wire transfer and technology fees, field examination fees, and Uniform Commercial Code fees, where the performance obligations are satisfied at a point-in-time when the services are rendered. Payment from the customer for factoring services is generally received immediately or within the following month.
Payroll finance non-interest income consists of fees earned from performing payroll financing and business process outsourcing services, including full back-office technology and tax accounting services, along with payroll preparation, making payroll tax payments, invoice billings, and collections for independently-owned temporary staffing companies nationwide. Performance obligations for payroll finance and business processing activities are either satisfied upon completion of the support services or as payroll remittances are made on behalf of customers to fund their employee payroll, which generally occurs on a weekly basis. The agreed-upon transaction price is based on a fixed-percentage per the terms of the contract, which could be subject to a hold-back reserve to provide for any balances that are assessed to be at risk of collection. When the Company collects on amounts due from end consumers on behalf of its customers and at the time of financing payroll, the Company retains the agreed-upon transaction price payable for the performance of its services and remits an amount to the customer net of any advances and payroll tax withholdings, as applicable.
Wealth and investment services consist of fees earned from asset management, trust administration, and investment advisory services, and through facilitating securities transactions. Performance obligations for asset management and trust administration services are satisfied on a monthly or quarterly basis at a transaction price based on a percentage of the period-end market value of the assets under administration. Payment for asset management and trust administration services is generally received a few days after period-end through a direct charge to the customers' accounts. Performance obligations for investment advisory services are satisfied over the period in which the services are provided through a time-based measurement of progress, and the agreed-upon transaction price with the customer varies depending on the nature of the services performed. Performance obligations for facilitating securities transactions are satisfied at a point-in-time when the securities are sold at a transaction price that is based on a percentage of the contract value. Payment for both investment advisory services and facilitating securities transactions may be received in advance of the service, but generally is received immediately or in the following period, in arrears.
Note 18: Commitments and Contingencies
Credit-Related Financial Instruments
In the normal course of business, the Company offers financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk to meet the financing needs of its customers. These transactions include commitments to extend credit, standby letters of credit, and commercial letters of credit, which involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit risk.
81


The following table summarizes the outstanding amounts of credit-related financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk:
(In thousands)At September 30,
2023
At December 31, 2022
Commitments to extend credit$11,130,936 $11,237,496 
Standby letters of credit402,120 380,655 
Commercial letters of credit56,464 53,512 
Total credit-related financial instruments with off-balance sheet risk$11,589,520 $11,671,663 
The Company enters into contractual commitments to extend credit to its customers (i.e., revolving credit arrangements, term loan commitments, and short-term borrowing agreements), generally with fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and that require payment of a fee. Substantially all of the Company's commitments to extend credit are contingent upon its customers maintaining specific credit standards at the time of loan funding, and are often secured by real estate collateral. Since the majority of the Company's commitments typically expire without being funded, the total contractual amount does not necessarily represent the Company's future payment requirements.
Standby letters of credit are written conditional commitments issued by the Company to guarantee its customers' performance to a third party. In the event the customer does not perform in accordance with the terms of its agreement with a third-party, the Company would be required to fund the commitment. The contractual amount of each standby letter of credit represents the maximum amount of potential future payments the Company could be required to make. Historically, the majority of the Company's standby letters of credit expire without being funded. However, if the commitment were funded, the Company has recourse against the customer. The Company's standby letter of credit agreements are often secured by cash or other collateral.
Commercial letters of credit are issued to finance either domestic or foreign customer trade arrangements. As a general rule, drafts are committed to be drawn when the goods underlying the transaction are in transit. Similar to standby letters of credit, the Company's commercial letter of credit agreements are often secured by the underlying goods subject to trade.
Allowance for Credit Losses on Unfunded Loan Commitments
An ACL is recorded under the CECL methodology and included in Accrued expenses and other liabilities on the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets to provide for the unused portion of commitments to lend that are not unconditionally cancellable by the Company. At September 30, 2023, and December 31, 2022, the ACL on unfunded loan commitments totaled $23.0 million and $27.7 million, respectively.
Litigation
The Company is subject to certain legal proceedings and unasserted claims and assessments in the ordinary course of business. Legal contingencies are evaluated based on information currently available, including advice of counsel and assessment of available insurance coverage. The Company establishes an accrual for specific legal matters when it determines that the likelihood of an unfavorable outcome is probable and the loss is reasonably estimable. Once established, each accrual is adjusted to reflect any subsequent developments. Legal contingencies are subject to inherent uncertainties, and unfavorable rulings may occur that could cause the Company to either adjust its litigation accrual or incur actual losses that exceed the current estimate, which ultimately could have a material adverse effect, either individually or in the aggregate, on its business, financial condition, or operating results. The Company will consider settlement of cases when it is in the best interests of the Company and its stakeholders. The Company intends to defend itself in all claims asserted against it, and management currently believes that the outcome of these contingencies will not be material, either individually or in the aggregate, to the Company or its consolidated financial position.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Special Assessment
On May 22, 2023, the FDIC published a proposed rule to charge certain banks a special assessment to recover losses incurred by protecting uninsured depositors of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank upon their failure in March 2023. The proposed rule would levy a special assessment to certain banks at an annual rate of 12.5 basis points based on their uninsured deposits balance as of December 31, 2022, payable in eight quarterly installments beginning in the first quarter of 2024. Based on the proposed rule, the Company estimates that its total special assessment charge would be approximately $44.0 million.
The FDIC has the authority to make further changes to the proposed rule before finalization, including changes to the underlying data and calculation methodology used to determine the special assessment. The comment period on the proposed rule expired on July 21, 2023, and no final rule has been published in the Federal Register as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Accordingly, no legal obligation has been incurred, and therefore, no accrual has been recognized.
82


Note 19: Subsequent Events
The Company has evaluated subsequent events from the date of the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, and accompanying Notes thereto, through the date of issuance, and determined that no significant events were identified requiring recognition or disclosure.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Information regarding quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk can be found in Part I within Note 13: Derivative Financial Instruments in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Item 1. Financial Statements, and under the section captioned "Asset/Liability Management and Market Risk" contained in Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, which are incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer (who is our principal executive officer) and Chief Financial Officer (who is our principal financial officer), evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures, as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), as of September 30, 2023. The term "disclosure controls and procedures" means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the issuer's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of September 30, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective due to the un-remediated material weaknesses in internal control over financial reporting related to certain general information technology controls specific to logical access, which was previously disclosed in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022. Prior to the filing of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this "Form 10-Q"), we completed substantive procedures for the quarter ended September 30, 2023. Based on these procedures, management believes that our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-Q have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. For additional information, please refer to Part II - Item 9A. of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Remediation
Management is in process of implementing measures designed to ensure that the control deficiencies contributing to the material weaknesses are remediated, such that these controls are designed, implemented, and operating effectively. The remediation actions include: (i) designing and implementing controls related to deprovisioning, privileged access, and user access reviews, (ii) developing an enhanced risk assessment process to evaluate logical access, and (iii) improving the existing training program associated with control design and implementation. We believe that these actions will remediate the material weaknesses. The material weaknesses will not be considered remediated, however, until the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively. We expect that the remediation of these material weaknesses will be completed prior to the end of 2023.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
In July 2023, the Company executed and completed its core conversion in connection with the merger with Sterling.
Other than changes made related to such core conversion, as well as the ongoing material weakness remediation efforts described above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act), during the quarter ended September 30, 2023, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
83


Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures
Because of its inherent limitations, management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all error and fraud. Any control system, no matter how well designed and operated, is based upon certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that its objectives will be met. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Further, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, within the Company have been detected.
84


PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Information regarding legal proceedings can be found within Note 18: Commitments and Contingencies in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I - Item 1. Financial Statements, which is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, or subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table provides information with respect to any purchase of equity securities for the Company's common stock made by or on behalf of the Company or any “affiliated purchaser,” as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, during the three months ended September 30, 2023:
Period
Total
Number of
Shares
Purchased (1)
Average Price
Paid Per Share (2)
Total Number of
Shares Purchased
as Part of Publicly Announced Plans
or Programs
Maximum Dollar Amount Available for Purchase Under the Plans or Programs (3)
July 1, 2023 - July 31, 20232,249$41.05$343,340,118
August 1, 2023 - August 31, 2023720,66441.65720,351313,340,201
September 1, 2023 - September 30, 2023487,34041.53481,125293,356,942
Total1,210,25341.601,201,476293,356,942
(1)During the three months ended September 30, 2023, 8,777 of the total number of shares purchased were acquired at market prices outside of the Company's common stock repurchase program and related to employee share-based compensation plan activity.
(2)The average price paid per share is calculated on a trade date basis and excludes commissions and other transaction costs.
(3)The Company maintains a common stock repurchase program, which was approved by the Board of Directors on October 24, 2017, that authorizes management to purchase shares of Webster common stock in open market or privately negotiated transactions, through block trades, and pursuant to any adopted predetermined trading plan, subject to the availability and trading price of stock, general market conditions, alternative uses for capital, regulatory considerations, and the Company's financial performance. On April 27, 2022, the Board of Directors increased management's authority to repurchase shares of Webster common stock under the repurchase program by $600.0 million in shares. This existing repurchase program will remain in effect until fully utilized or until modified, superseded, or terminated.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not applicable
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
During the three months ended September 30, 2023, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement, as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.
85


ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
A list of exhibits to this Form 10-Q is set forth below.
Exhibit Number
Exhibit Description
Exhibit Included
Incorporated by Reference
Form
Exhibit
Filing Date
2.18-K2.14/23/2021
3.1
10-Q
3.1
8/9/2016
3.28-K3.22/1/2022
3.3
8-K
3.1
4/28/2023
3.4
8-K
3.1
6/11/2008
3.5
8-K
3.1
11/24/2008
3.6
8-K
3.1
7/31/2009
3.7
8-K
3.2
7/31/2009
3.8
8-A12B
3.3
12/4/2012
3.98-A12B3.312/12/2017
3.10
8-A12B
3.42/1/2022
3.11
8-K
3.1
3/17/2020
3.128-K3.52/1/2022
10.1DEF 14AA3/15/2023
31.1X
31.2X
32.1
X (1)
32.2
X (1)
101
The following financial information from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL) includes: (i) Cover Page, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Income, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Comprehensive Income, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Stockholders' Equity, (vi) Condensed Consolidated Statements Of Cash Flows, and (vii) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged in summary and in detail.
X
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)X
(1)Exhibit is furnished herewith and shall not be deemed filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, and shall not be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
86


SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
WEBSTER FINANCIAL CORPORATION
(Registrant)
Date: November 7, 2023By:/s/ John R. Ciulla
John R. Ciulla
President, Chief Executive Officer, and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: November 7, 2023By:/s/ Glenn I. MacInnes
Glenn I. MacInnes
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
Date: November 7, 2023By:/s/ Albert J. Wang
Albert J. Wang
Executive Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)

87