WELLTOWER INC. - Quarter Report: 2020 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)



☑						QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020



☐						TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 1-8923

WELLTOWER INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

34-1096634

(State or other jurisdiction
of Incorporation)

(IRS Employer
Identification No.)

4500 Dorr Street

Toledo,

Ohio

43615

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(419)

247-2800

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act
Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $1.00 par value per share	WELL	New York Stock Exchange
4.800% Notes due 2028	WELL28	New York Stock Exchange
4.500% Notes due 2034	WELL34	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No þ

As of October 23, 2020, the registrant had 417,304,860 shares of common stock outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


			Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)			3

Consolidated Balance Sheets			3

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income			4

Consolidated Statements of Equity			6

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows			8

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements			9

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			30

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk			55

Item 4. Controls and Procedures			56

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings			57

Item 1A. Risk Factors			57

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			57

Item 5. Other Information			57

Item 6. Exhibits			58

Signatures			58

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

WELLTOWER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

(In thousands)


	September 30, 2020 (Unaudited)		December 31, 2019 (Note)
Assets:
Real estate investments:
Real property owned:
Land and land improvements	$	3,386,072	$	3,486,620
Buildings and improvements	27,782,471		29,163,305
Acquired lease intangibles	1,509,053		1,617,051
Real property held for sale, net of accumulated depreciation	362,886		1,253,008
Construction in progress	414,833		507,931
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(6,002,775)		(5,715,459)
Net real property owned	27,452,540		30,312,456
Right of use assets, net	480,861		536,433
Real estate loans receivable, net of credit allowance	414,706		270,382
Net real estate investments	28,348,107		31,119,271
Other assets:
Investments in unconsolidated entities	822,586		583,423
Goodwill	68,321		68,321
Cash and cash equivalents	1,603,740		284,917
Restricted cash	551,593		100,849
Straight-line rent receivable	334,203		466,222
Receivables and other assets	813,047		757,748
Total other assets	4,193,490		2,261,480
Total assets	$	32,541,597	$	33,380,751

Liabilities and equity
Liabilities:
Unsecured credit facility and commercial paper	$	—	$	1,587,597
Senior unsecured notes	11,321,573		10,336,513
Secured debt	2,459,659		2,990,962
Lease liabilities	427,842		473,693
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	1,041,368		1,009,482
Total liabilities	15,250,442		16,398,247
Redeemable noncontrolling interests	330,053		475,877
Equity:
Common stock	418,361		411,005
Capital in excess of par value	20,835,022		20,190,107
Treasury stock	(94,022)		(78,955)
Cumulative net income	8,163,869		7,353,966
Cumulative dividends	(13,088,891)		(12,223,534)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(126,469)		(112,157)
Other equity	4		12
Total Welltower Inc. stockholders’ equity	16,107,874		15,540,444
Noncontrolling interests	853,228		966,183
Total equity	16,961,102		16,506,627
Total liabilities and equity	$	32,541,597	$	33,380,751

Note: The consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2019 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

WELLTOWER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

(In thousands, except per share data)


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenues:
Resident fees and services	$	740,956	$	834,121	$	2,360,488	$	2,616,491
Rental income	275,046		412,147		1,061,311		1,178,817
Interest income	16,750		15,637		48,060		48,112
Other income	4,122		4,228		14,092		15,064
Total revenues	1,036,874		1,266,133		3,483,951		3,858,484

Expenses:
Property operating expenses	634,717		655,588		1,977,262		2,027,522
Depreciation and amortization	255,532		272,445		795,704		764,429
Interest expense	124,851		137,343		393,215		423,911
General and administrative expenses	31,003		31,019		100,546		100,042
Loss (gain) on derivatives and financial instruments, net	1,395		1,244		10,480		670
Loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt, net	33,004		65,824		33,253		81,543
Provision for loan losses	2,857		—		11,351		18,690
Impairment of assets	23,313		18,096		126,291		28,035
Other expenses	11,544		6,186		37,247		36,570
Total expenses	1,118,216		1,187,745		3,485,349		3,481,412

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and other items	(81,342)		78,388		(1,398)		377,072
Income tax (expense) benefit	(2,003)		(3,968)		(9,678)		(7,789)
Income (loss) from unconsolidated entities	(5,981)		3,262		(8,341)		(14,986)
Gain (loss) on real estate dispositions, net	484,304		570,250		902,991		735,977
Income (loss) from continuing operations	394,978		647,932		883,574		1,090,274

Net income	394,978		647,932		883,574		1,090,274
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests(1)	69,393		58,056		68,459		82,166
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	325,585	$	589,876	$	815,115	$	1,008,108

Average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic	417,027		405,023		414,822		400,441
Diluted	418,987		406,891		416,860		402,412

Earnings per share:
Basic:
Income (loss) from continuing operations	$	0.95	$	1.60	$	2.13	$	2.72
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	0.78	$	1.46	$	1.96	$	2.52

Diluted:
Income (loss) from continuing operations	$	0.94	$	1.59	$	2.12	$	2.71
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders(2)	$	0.77	$	1.45	$	1.94	$	2.51

Dividends declared and paid per common share	$	0.61	$	0.87	$	2.09	$	2.61

(1) Includes amounts attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests.

(2) Includes adjustment to the numerator for income (loss) attributable to OP unitholders.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

WELLTOWER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

(In thousands)


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net income	$	394,978	$	647,932	$	883,574	$	1,090,274

Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation gain (loss)	143,353		(100,837)		(109,209)		(76,241)
Derivative and financial instruments designated as hedges gain (loss)	(145,512)		78,947		86,429		91,672
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	(2,159)		(21,890)		(22,780)		15,431

Total comprehensive income (loss)	392,819		626,042		860,794		1,105,705
Less: Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests(1)	76,847		53,220		59,991		85,504
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	315,972	$	572,822	$	800,803	$	1,020,201

(1) Includes amounts attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

WELLTOWER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

(In thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Common Stock		Capital in Excess of Par Value		Treasury Stock		Cumulative Net Income		Cumulative Dividends		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Other Equity		Noncontrolling Interests		Total
Balances at January 1, 2020	$	411,005	$	20,190,107	$	(78,955)	$	7,353,966	$	(12,223,534)	$	(112,157)	$	12	$	966,183	$	16,506,627
Cumulative change in accounting principle (Note 2)							(5,212)										(5,212)
Balances at January 1, 2020 (as adjusted for change in accounting principle)	411,005		20,190,107		(78,955)		7,348,754		(12,223,534)		(112,157)		12		966,183		16,501,415
Comprehensive income:
Net income (loss)							310,284								18,988		329,272
Other comprehensive income (loss)											15,944				(21,955)		(6,011)
Total comprehensive income																	323,261
Net change in noncontrolling interests			37,625												(29,662)		7,963
Amounts related to stock incentive plans, net of forfeitures	246		6,608		(8,020)												(1,166)
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock	6,975		583,890														590,865
Dividends paid:
Common stock dividends									(356,001)								(356,001)
Balances at March 31, 2020	$	418,226	$	20,818,230	$	(86,975)	$	7,659,038	$	(12,579,535)	$	(96,213)	$	12	$	933,554	$	17,066,337
Comprehensive income:
Net income (loss)							179,246								18,659		197,905
Other comprehensive income (loss)											(20,643)				6,298		(14,345)
Total comprehensive income																	183,560
Net change in noncontrolling interests			7,299												(70,124)		(62,825)
Amounts related to stock incentive plans, net of forfeitures	28		7,412		832								(8)				8,264
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock	89		3,604														3,693
Repurchase of common stock					(7,656)												(7,656)
Dividends paid:
Common stock dividends									(254,846)								(254,846)
Balances at June 30, 2020	$	418,343	$	20,836,545	$	(93,799)	$	7,838,284	$	(12,834,381)	$	(116,856)	$	4	$	888,387	$	16,936,527
Comprehensive income:
Net income (loss)							325,585								67,650		393,235
Other comprehensive income											(9,613)				7,338		(2,275)
Total comprehensive income																	390,960
Net change in noncontrolling interests			(7,894)												(110,147)		(118,041)
Amounts related to stock incentive plans, net of forfeitures	18		6,569		(223)												6,364
Proceeds from issuance of common stock			(198)														(198)

Dividends paid:
Common stock dividends									(254,510)								(254,510)
Balances at September 30, 2020	$	418,361	$	20,835,022	$	(94,022)	$	8,163,869	$	(13,088,891)	$	(126,469)	$	4	$	853,228	$	16,961,102

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

WELLTOWER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

(In thousands)


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Preferred Stock		Common Stock		Capital in Excess of Par Value		Treasury Stock		Cumulative Net Income		Cumulative Dividends		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Other Equity		Noncontrolling Interests		Total
Balances at January 1, 2019	$	718,498	$	384,465	$	18,424,368	$	(68,499)	$	6,121,534	$	(10,818,557)	$	(129,769)	$	294	$	954,265	$	15,586,599
Comprehensive income:
Net income (loss)									280,470								10,785		291,255
Other comprehensive income (loss)													(14,849)				5,787		(9,062)
Total comprehensive income																			282,193
Net change in noncontrolling interests					(8,845)												(1,497)		(10,342)
Amounts related to stock incentive plans, net of forfeitures			120		7,420		(5,993)								(26)				1,521
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock			7,212		525,408														532,620
Conversion of preferred stock	(718,498)		12,712		705,786														—
Dividends paid:
Common stock dividends											(344,760)								(344,760)
Balances at March 31, 2019	$	—	$	404,509	$	19,654,137	$	(74,492)	$	6,402,004	$	(11,163,317)	$	(144,618)	$	268	$	969,340	$	16,047,831
Comprehensive income:
Net income (loss)									137,762								11,349		149,111
Other comprehensive income (loss)													43,996				2,387		46,383
Total comprehensive income																			195,494
Net change in noncontrolling interests					(23,672)												(7,959)		(31,631)
Amounts related to stock incentive plans, net of forfeitures			18		7,959		450								(80)				8,347
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock			1,487		101,721														103,208
Dividends paid:
Common stock dividends											(353,677)								(353,677)
Balances at June 30, 2019	$	—	$	406,014	$	19,740,145	$	(74,042)	$	6,539,766	$	(11,516,994)	$	(100,622)	$	188	$	975,117	$	15,969,572
Comprehensive income:
Net income (loss)									589,876								29,948		619,824
Other comprehensive income													(17,054)				(4,836)		(21,890)
Total comprehensive income																			597,934
Net change in noncontrolling interests					13,038												(40,565)		(27,527)
Amounts related to stock incentive plans, net of forfeitures			4		5,100		(4,801)								(176)				127
Proceeds from issuance of common stock			480		38,393														38,873
Dividends paid:
Common stock dividends											(353,250)								(353,250)
Balances at September 30, 2019	$	—	$	406,498	$	19,796,676	$	(78,843)	$	7,129,642	$	(11,870,244)	$	(117,676)	$	12	$	959,664	$	16,225,729

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

WELLTOWER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

(In thousands)


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2020		2019
Operating activities:
Net income	$	883,574	$	1,090,274
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided from (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	795,704		764,429
Other amortization expenses	9,613		13,474
Provision for loan losses	11,351		18,690
Impairment of assets	126,291		28,035
Stock-based compensation expense	20,938		20,501
Loss (gain) on derivatives and financial instruments, net	10,480		670
Loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt, net	33,253		81,543
Loss (income) from unconsolidated entities	8,341		14,986
Rental income less than (in excess of) cash received	66,874		(78,980)
Amortization related to above (below) market leases, net	(1,373)		(335)
Loss (gain) on real estate dispositions, net	(902,991)		(735,977)
Distributions by unconsolidated entities	7,835		—
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities	40,443		845
Decrease (increase) in receivables and other assets	(749)		(8,255)
Net cash provided from (used in) operating activities	1,109,584		1,209,900

Investing activities:
Cash disbursed for acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(393,374)		(3,004,768)
Cash disbursed for capital improvements to existing properties	(183,324)		(206,413)
Cash disbursed for construction in progress	(126,699)		(258,113)
Capitalized interest	(13,234)		(10,404)
Investment in loans receivable	(216,307)		(90,856)
Principal collected on loans receivable	14,345		57,125
Other investments, net of payments	(2,145)		(29,788)
Contributions to unconsolidated entities	(301,031)		(194,490)
Distributions by unconsolidated entities	41,884		98,880
Proceeds from (payments on) derivatives	(13,319)		(20,569)
Proceeds from sales of real property	3,522,949		2,601,071
Net cash provided from (used in) investing activities	2,329,745		(1,058,325)

Financing activities:
Net increase (decrease) under unsecured credit facility and commercial paper	(1,587,597)		187,586
Proceeds from issuance of senior unsecured notes	1,588,549		3,253,516
Payments to extinguish senior unsecured notes	(566,248)		(3,107,500)
Net proceeds from the issuance of secured debt	44,921		318,854
Payments on secured debt	(538,091)		(233,952)
Net proceeds from the issuance of common stock	595,313		686,105
Repurchase of common stock	(7,656)		—
Payments for deferred financing costs and prepayment penalties	(35,925)		(82,249)
Contributions by noncontrolling interests(1)	14,267		42,988
Distributions to noncontrolling interests(1)	(298,369)		(138,270)

Cash distributions to stockholders	(864,115)		(1,047,968)
Other financing activities	(11,244)		(11,643)
Net cash provided from (used in) financing activities	(1,666,195)		(132,533)
Effect of foreign currency translation on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	(3,566)		(4,436)
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	1,769,568		14,606
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	385,765		316,129
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	2,155,333	$	330,735

Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	362,130	$	416,523
Income taxes paid (received), net	(485)		4,784

(1) Includes amounts attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests.

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Business

Welltower Inc. (the "Company"), an S&P 500 company headquartered in Toledo, Ohio, is driving the transformation of health care infrastructure. The Company invests with leading seniors housing operators, post-acute providers and health systems to fund the real estate and infrastructure needed to scale innovative care delivery models and improve people’s wellness and overall health care experience. Welltower™, a real estate investment trust (“REIT”), owns interests in properties concentrated in major, high-growth markets in the United States (“U.S.”), Canada and the United Kingdom (“U.K.”), consisting of seniors housing and post-acute communities and outpatient medical properties.

2. Accounting Policies and Related Matters

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with instructions to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (such as normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily an indication of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020. For further information, refer to the financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic

The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our operations and those of our operators and tenants will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, including the scope, severity and duration of the pandemic, the actions taken to contain the pandemic or mitigate its impact and the direct and indirect economic effects of the pandemic and containment measures, among others. The COVID-19 pandemic could have material and adverse effects on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows in the future, including but not limited to, the following:

•Our Seniors Housing Operating revenues are dependent on occupancy. Declines in occupancy are expected due to heightened move-in criteria and screening, as well as increased mortality rates among seniors. Occupancy within our total Seniors Housing Operating portfolio has declined as follows:


	February		March		April		May		June		July		August		September
Spot occupancy (1)	85.6	%	84.8	%	82.5	%	80.8	%	79.9	%	79.2	%	78.7	%	78.4	%
Sequential occupancy change			(0.8)	%	(2.3)	%	(1.7)	%	(0.9)	%	(0.7)	%	(0.5)	%	(0.3)	%

(1) Spot occupancy represents approximate month end occupancy for properties in operation as of February 29, 2020, including unconsolidated properties but excluding acquisitions, dispositions and development conversions since this date.

Increased Seniors Housing Operating expenses are expected to continue until the pandemic subsides. We experienced incremental operational costs, net of reimbursements, of $18,192,000 and $68,628,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, included in property operating expenses. These expenses were incurred as a result of the introduction of public health measures and other regulations affecting our properties, as well as additional health and safety measures adopted by us and our operators related to the COVID-19 pandemic, including increases in labor and property cleaning expenses and expenditures related to our efforts to procure personal protective equipment ("PPE") and supplies, net of reimbursements. Certain new expenses incurred since the start of the pandemic may continue on an ongoing basis as part of new health and safety protocols.

In September, applications were made for Provider Relief Funds related to our Seniors Housing Operating portfolio following the announcement from the Department of Health and Human Services that it expanded the eligibility of the Coronavirus Aid Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) Provider Relief Fund to include assisted living facilities. Our share of the Phase 2 general distribution is expected to be approximately $46 million and we anticipate receiving and recognizing these funds as an offset to property operating expenses in the fourth quarter. However, we continue to expect total portfolio expenses to remain elevated during the pandemic and potentially beyond as these additional health and safety measures become standard practice.

•Our Triple-net operators are experiencing similar occupancy declines and expense increases, however, long-term/post-acute care facilities are generally experiencing a higher degree of occupancy declines. These factors may impact our Triple-net operators' ability to pay rent and contractual obligations. Many of our Triple-net operators have received

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

funds under the CARES Act Paycheck Protection Program. In addition, operators of long-term/post-acute care facilities have generally received funds from Phase 1 of the Provider Relief Fund and operators of assisted living facilities are generally expecting funds from Phase 2 of the Provider Relief Fund. Accordingly, collection of Triple-net rent due during the COVID-19 pandemic to date (from March to September) has generally been consistent with historical collection rates and no significant rent concessions or deferrals have been made.

We have either collected or approved short term deferrals for over 99% of Outpatient Medical rent due in the third quarter, consisting of 97% cash collections and 2% of short term deferrals. In most cases, unless local ordinances mandate otherwise, the deferred rent represents two months of rent with repayment expected by the end of the year. Furthermore, collections of deferred rent due in the third quarter under executed deferrals was over 99%. To the extent that deferred rent is not repaid as expected, or the prolonged impact of the COVID-19 pandemic causes operators or tenants to seek further modifications of their lease agreements, we may recognize reductions in revenue and increases in uncollectible receivables.

•Assessing properties for potential impairment involves subjectivity in determining if impairment indicators are present and in estimating the future undiscounted cash flows or estimated fair value of the asset. Key assumptions are made in these assessments including the estimation of future rental revenues, occupancy, operating expenses, capitalization rates and the ability and intent to hold the respective asset. All of these assumptions are significantly affected by our expectations of future market or economic conditions and can be highly impacted by the uncertainty of the COVID-19 pandemic. We will continue to evaluate the assumptions used in these analyses, changes to which may result in impairments in future periods.

•The determination of the allowance for credit losses is based on our evaluation of collectability of our loans receivable and includes review of factors such as delinquency status, historical loan charge-offs, financial strength of the borrower and guarantors and the value of the underlying collateral. Reduced economic activity severely impacts our borrowers' businesses, financial conditions and liquidity and may hinder their ability to make contractual payments to us, leading to an increase in loans deemed to have deteriorated credit which could result in an increase in the provision for loan losses.

New Accounting Standards

•On January 1, 2020, we adopted ASU 2016-13, “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments" ("ASU 2016-13"). This standard requires a new forward-looking “expected loss” model to be used for receivables, held-to-maturity debt, loans, and other instruments. In November 2018, the FASB issued an amendment excluding operating lease receivables accounted for under the new leases standard from the scope of the new credit losses standard. ASU 2016-13 primarily impacts our measurement for credit losses related to our real estate and non-real estate loans receivable. In conjunction with our adoption of ASU 2016-13, we recorded a $5,212,000 increase to our allowance for credit losses on loans receivable (both real estate and non-real estate) with a corresponding adjustment to cumulative net income related to the change in accounting principle. See Note 7 for further details.

•At the FASB's April 8, 2020 Board meeting, the staff acknowledged that the economics of lease concessions that result from a global pandemic may not be aligned with the underlying premise of the modification framework in ASC 842, under which the concession would be recognized over the remainder of the lease term. In a Q&A document, the FASB provided entities with COVID-19 related lease concessions an option to either (1) apply the modification framework for these concessions in accordance with ASC 842 as applicable or (2) account for concessions as if they were made under the enforceable rights included in the original agreement as long as total cash flows resulting from the modified contract are substantially the same or less than cash flows in the original contract. Due to the continuing adverse economic conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, certain tenants and operators have requested rent relief, most often in the form of a short-term rent deferral. Not all requests result in modification of agreements, nor do we intend to forgo our contractual rights under our lease agreements. We evaluate each rent relief request on an individual basis. To date, the majority of rent deferral agreements result in two months of full or partial rent relief to repaid by the end of the year and we generally expect this to continue to be the case unless local ordinances mandate otherwise. We have elected to apply the accounting relief provided by the FASB to such short-term rent deferrals, and will account for such deferrals as if no change had been made to the original lease contract.

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

3. Real Property Acquisitions and Development

The total purchase price for all properties acquired has been allocated to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities at cost on a relative fair value basis. Liabilities assumed and any associated noncontrolling interests are reflected at fair value. The results of operations for these acquisitions have been included in our consolidated results of operations since the date of acquisition and are a component of the appropriate segments. Transaction costs primarily represent costs incurred with acquisitions, including due diligence costs, fees for legal and valuation services, termination of pre-existing relationships computed based on the fair value of the assets acquired, lease termination fees and other acquisition-related costs. Transaction costs related to asset acquisitions are capitalized as a component of purchase price and all other non-capitalizable costs are reflected in other expenses on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

The following is a summary of our real property investment activity by segment for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020								September 30, 2019
	Seniors Housing Operating		Triple-net		Outpatient Medical		Totals		Seniors Housing Operating		Triple-net		Outpatient Medical		Totals
Land and land improvements	$	15,758	$	—	$	43,252	$	59,010	$	107,945	$	14,172	$	187,301	$	309,418
Buildings and improvements	132,481		765		171,630		304,876		1,138,484		125,763		1,324,371		2,588,618
Acquired lease intangibles	10,810		—		23,823		34,633		61,163		—		104,309		165,472
Construction in progress	—		—		—		—		36,174		—		—		36,174
Real property held for sale	—		—		—		—		17,435		—		—		17,435
Right of use assets, net	—		—		—		—		—		—		58,377		58,377
Total net real estate assets	159,049		765		238,705		398,519		1,361,201		139,935		1,674,358		3,175,494
Receivables and other assets	257		—		139		396		6,742		—		419		7,161
Total assets acquired (1)	159,306		765		238,844		398,915		1,367,943		139,935		1,674,777		3,182,655
Secured debt	—		—		—		—		(43,209)		—		—		(43,209)
Lease liabilities	—		—		—		—		—		—		(47,740)		(47,740)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	(671)		—		(2,043)		(2,714)		(9,639)		(100)		(23,483)		(33,222)
Total liabilities acquired	(671)		—		(2,043)		(2,714)		(52,848)		(100)		(71,223)		(124,171)
Noncontrolling interests (2)	(2,827)		—		—		(2,827)		(39,570)		(1,056)		(1,201)		(41,827)
Non-cash acquisition related activity(3)	—		—		—		—		(11,889)		—		—		(11,889)
Cash disbursed for acquisitions	155,808		765		236,801		393,374		1,263,636		138,779		1,602,353		3,004,768
Construction in progress additions	75,617		33,021		33,593		142,231		188,178		37,978		42,316		268,472
Less: Capitalized interest	(7,760)		(2,569)		(2,905)		(13,234)		(5,972)		(1,565)		(2,867)		(10,404)
Accruals (4)	(1,376)		—		(922)		(2,298)		—		—		45		45
Cash disbursed for construction in progress	66,481		30,452		29,766		126,699		182,206		36,413		39,494		258,113
Capital improvements to existing properties	130,465		5,971		46,888		183,324		160,260		10,337		35,816		206,413
Total cash invested in real property, net of cash acquired	$	352,754	$	37,188	$	313,455	$	703,397	$	1,606,102	$	185,529	$	1,677,663	$	3,469,294

(1) Excludes $580,000 and $1,910,000 of unrestricted and restricted cash acquired during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

(2) Includes amounts attributable to both redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests.

(3) Relates to the acquisition of assets previously recognized as investments in unconsolidated entities.

(4) Represents non-cash accruals for amounts to be paid in future periods for properties that converted, off-set by amounts paid in the current period.

Construction Activity

The following is a summary of the construction projects that were placed into service and began generating revenues during the periods presented (in thousands):

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
Development projects:
Seniors Housing Operating	$	93,188	$	28,117
Triple-net	59,201		—
Outpatient Medical	43,493		—
Total development projects	195,882		28,117
Expansion projects	48,600		—
Total construction in progress conversions	$	244,482	$	28,117

4. Real Estate Intangibles

The following is a summary of our real estate intangibles, excluding those classified as held for sale, as of the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):


	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Assets:
In place lease intangibles	$	1,410,935	$	1,513,836
Above market tenant leases	55,437		59,540
Lease commissions	42,681		43,675
Gross historical cost	1,509,053		1,617,051
Accumulated amortization	(1,171,721)		(1,181,158)
Net book value	$	337,332	$	435,893

Weighted-average amortization period in years	10.9		10.3

Liabilities:
Below market tenant leases	$	81,385	$	99,035
Accumulated amortization	(41,662)		(49,390)
Net book value	$	39,723	$	49,645

Weighted-average amortization period in years	8.3		8.6

The following is a summary of real estate intangible amortization income (expense) for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Rental income related to (above)/below market tenant leases, net	$	327	$	291	$	1,252	$	210
Amortization related to in place lease intangibles and lease commissions	(28,948)		(48,414)		(98,241)		(101,837)

The future estimated aggregate amortization of intangible assets and liabilities is as follows for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Assets		Liabilities
2020	$	23,561	$	2,146
2021	63,988		8,135
2022	43,080		7,448
2023	34,711		5,228
2024	27,088		3,082
Thereafter	144,904		13,684
Total	$	337,332	$	39,723

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

5. Dispositions and Assets Held for Sale

We periodically sell properties for various reasons, including favorable market conditions, the exercise of tenant purchase options or reduction of concentrations (i.e., property type, relationship or geography). At September 30, 2020, eight Seniors Housing Operating, two Triple-net, and 11 Outpatient Medical properties with an aggregate real estate balance of $362,886,000 were classified as held for sale. In addition to the real property balances held for sale, secured debt of $12,737,000 and net other assets and (liabilities) of $21,063,000 are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet related to the held for sale properties. Expected gross sales proceeds related to the held for sale properties is approximately $437,116,000.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded $79,905,000 of impairment charges related to 13 Seniors Housing Operating and one Triple-net properties which were disposed of or classified as held for sale for which the carrying value exceeded the estimated fair value less cost to sell. Additionally, during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded $46,386,000 of impairment charges related to four Seniors Housing Operating and four Triple-net properties that were held for use in which the carrying value exceeded the estimated fair value.

The following is a summary of our real property disposition activity for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019
Real estate dispositions:
Seniors Housing Operating	$	1,093,477	$	1,204,084
Triple-net	33,445		660,885
Outpatient Medical	1,394,971		482
Total dispositions	2,521,893		1,865,451
Gain (loss) on real estate dispositions, net	902,991		735,977
Net other assets/liabilities disposed	98,065		(357)
Proceeds from real estate dispositions	$	3,522,949	$	2,601,071

Operating results attributable to properties sold or classified as held for sale which do not meet the definition of discontinued operations, are not reclassified on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The following represents the activity related to these properties for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenues:
Total revenues	$	36,820	$	133,661	$	207,918	$	554,744
Expenses:
Interest expense	584		4,593		6,579		14,801
Property operating expenses	22,485		68,848		117,069		305,598
Provision for depreciation	5,907		23,627		37,254		94,694
Total expenses	28,976		97,068		160,902		415,093
Income (loss) from real estate dispositions, net	$	7,844	$	36,593	$	47,016	$	139,651

6. Leases

We lease land, buildings, office space and certain equipment. Many of our leases include a renewal option to extend the term from one to 25 years or more. Renewal options that we are reasonably certain to exercise are recognized in our right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.

The components of lease expense were as follows for the period presented (in thousands):

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


		Nine Months Ended
	Classification	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
Operating lease cost: (1)
Real estate lease expense	Property operating expenses	$	17,397	$	18,326
Non-real estate investment lease expense	General and administrative expenses	3,673		1,286
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of leased assets	Property operating expenses	6,229		6,549
Interest on lease liabilities	Interest expense	4,693		3,497
Sublease income	Rental income	(3,130)		(3,130)
Total		$	28,862	$	26,528

(1) Includes short-term leases which are immaterial.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows (in thousands):


	Classification	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Right of use assets:
Operating leases - real estate	Right of use assets, net	$	323,200	$	374,217
Finance leases - real estate	Right of use assets, net	157,661		162,216
Real estate right of use assets, net		480,861		536,433
Operating leases - non-real estate investments	Receivables and other assets	10,328		12,474
Total right of use assets, net		$	491,189	$	548,907

Lease liabilities:
Operating leases		$	320,044	$	364,803
Financing leases		107,798		108,890
Total		$	427,842	$	473,693

Substantially all of our operating leases in which we are the lessor contain escalating rent structures. Leases with fixed annual rental escalators are generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the initial lease period, subject to a collectability assessment. Rental income related to leases with contingent rental escalators is generally recorded based on the contractual cash rental payments due for the period. During the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020, we wrote off straight-line rent receivable balances of $112,398,000 and $146,508,000, respectively, relating to leases for which collection of substantially all contractual lease payments was no longer deemed probable. Included in such amounts was $91,025,000 relating to Genesis Healthcare whom noted substantial doubt as to their ability to continue as a going concern in August.

Leases in our Triple-net and Outpatient Medical portfolios typically include some form of operating expense reimbursement by the tenant. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized $1,061,311,000 of rental income related to operating leases, of which $153,217,000 was for variable lease payments which primarily represents the reimbursement of operating costs such as common area maintenance expenses, utilities, insurance and real estate taxes. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recognized $1,178,817,000 of rental income related to operating leases, of which $147,815,000 was for variable lease payments.

7. Loans Receivable

Loans receivable are recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets in real estate loans receivable, net of allowance for credit losses, or for non-real estate loans receivable, in receivables and other assets, net of allowance for credit losses. Real estate loans receivable consists of mortgage loans and other real estate loans which are primarily collateralized by a first, second or third mortgage lien, a leasehold mortgage on, or an assignment of the partnership interest in, the related properties, corporate guarantees and/or personal guarantees. Non-real estate loans are generally corporate loans with no real estate backing. Interest income on loans is recognized as earned based upon the principal amount outstanding subject to an evaluation of the risk of credit loss. Accrued interest receivable was $12,039,000 and $6,897,000 as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, and is included in receivables and other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following is a summary of our loans receivable (in thousands):

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Mortgage loans	$	293,351	$	188,062
Other real estate loans	127,988		124,696
Allowance for credit losses on real estate loans receivable	(6,633)		(42,376)
Real estate loans receivable, net of credit allowance	414,706		270,382
Non-real estate loans	460,411		362,850
Allowance for credit losses on non-real estate loans receivable	(78,262)		(25,996)
Non-real estate loans receivable, net of credit allowance	382,149		336,854
Total loans receivable, net of credit allowance	$	796,855	$	607,236

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the real estate collateral associated with one loan was released, therefore, the principal balance of $86,411,000 and related allowance for credit losses of $42,376,000 was reclassified to non-real estate loans.

The following is a summary of our loan activity for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
Advances on loans receivable:
Investments in new loans	$	194,942	$	36,024
Draws on existing loans	21,365		54,832

Net cash advances on loans receivable	216,307		90,856

Receipts on loans receivable:
Loan payoffs	—		37,686
Principal payments on loans	14,345		19,439


Net cash receipts on loans receivable	14,345		57,125
Net cash advances (receipts) on loans receivable	$	201,962	$	33,731

The allowance for credit loss on loans receivable is maintained at a level believed adequate to absorb potential losses in our loans receivable. The determination of the credit allowance is based on a quarterly evaluation of each of these loans, including general economic conditions and estimated collectability of loan payments. We evaluate the collectability of our loans receivable based on a combination of credit quality indicators, including, but not limited to, payment status, historical loan charge-offs, financial strength of the borrower and guarantors, and nature, extent, and value of the underlying collateral.

A loan is considered to have deteriorated credit quality when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due as scheduled according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. For those loans we identified as having deteriorated credit quality we determine the amount of credit loss on an individual basis. Placement on non-accrual status may be required. Consistent with this definition, all loans on non-accrual are deemed to have deteriorated credit quality. To the extent circumstances improve and the risk of collectability is diminished, we will return these loans to income accrual status. While a loan is on non-accrual status, any cash receipts are applied against the outstanding principal balance.

For the remaining loans we assess credit loss on a collective pool basis and use our historical loss experience for similar loans to determine the reserve for credit losses. The following is a summary of our loans by credit loss category (in thousands):

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


	September 30, 2020
Loan category	Years of Origination	Loan Carrying Value		Allowance for Credit Loss		Net Loan Balance		No. of Loans
Deteriorated loans (1)	2007 - 2018	$	249,314	$	(76,695)	$	172,619	7
Collective loan pool	2007 - 2015	129,949		(1,886)		128,063		15
Collective loan pool	2016	124,599		(1,612)		122,987		4
Collective loan pool	2017	124,840		(1,074)		123,766		7
Collective loan pool	2018	17,314		(251)		17,063		1
Collective loan pool	2019	49,274		(684)		48,590		7
Collective loan pool	2020	186,460		(2,693)		183,767		6
Total loans		$	881,750	$	(84,895)	$	796,855	47

(1) During the three months ended September 30, 2020, two loans receivable originated in 2016 to Genesis Healthcare with an aggregate carrying value of $62,753,000 were transferred to the deteriorated loan pool. The carrying value is exclusive of deferred gains of $62,819,000 recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

In March 2019, we recognized a provision for loan losses of $18,690,000 to fully reserve for certain Triple-net real estate loans receivable that were no longer deemed collectible. During the quarter ended June 30, 2019, these loans were written off. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized a provision for credit losses of $6,898,000 to fully reserve for one Triple-net non-real estate loan receivable and $1,303,000 to fully reserve for one Triple-net real estate loan receivable that were no longer deemed collectible. The following is a summary of the allowance for credit losses on loans receivable for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
Balance at beginning of period	$	68,372	$	68,372
Adoption of ASU 2016-13	5,212		—
Provision for loan losses	11,351		18,690
Loan write-offs	—		(18,690)
Foreign currency translation	(40)		—

Balance at end of period	$	84,895	$	68,372

The following is a summary of our deteriorated loans (in thousands):


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
Balance of deteriorated loans at end of period (1)	$	249,314	$	188,043
Allowance for credit losses	(76,695)		(68,372)
Balance of deteriorated loans not reserved	$	172,619	$	119,671
Interest recognized on deteriorated loans (2)	$	13,847	$	12,082

(1) Current year amounts include $10,686,000 and $2,534,000 of loans on non-accrual as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Prior year amounts include $2,534,000 and $2,567,000 as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

(2) Represents cash interest recognized in the period.

8. Investments in Unconsolidated Entities

We participate in a number of joint ventures, which generally invest in seniors housing and health care real estate. The results of operations for these properties have been included in our consolidated results of operations from the date of acquisition by the joint ventures and are reflected in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income as income or loss from unconsolidated entities. The following is a summary of our investments in unconsolidated entities (dollars in thousands):


	Percentage Ownership (1)	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Seniors Housing Operating	10% to 65%	$	582,378	$	463,741
Triple-net	10% to 25%	160		7,740
Outpatient Medical	15% to 50%	240,048		111,942
Total		$	822,586	$	583,423

(1) Excludes ownership of in substance real estate.

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

At September 30, 2020, the aggregate unamortized basis difference of our joint venture investments of $113,217,000 is primarily attributable to the difference between the amount for which we purchase our interest in the entity, including transaction costs, and the historical carrying value of the net assets of the joint venture. This difference is being amortized over the remaining useful life of the related properties and included in the reported amount of income from unconsolidated entities.

We have made loans totaling $285,369,000 related to eight properties as of September 30, 2020 for the development and construction of certain properties which are classified as in substance real estate investments. We believe that such borrowers typically represent variable interest entities ("VIE" or "VIEs") in accordance with ASC 810 Consolidation. VIEs are required to be consolidated by their primary beneficiary ("PB") which is the enterprise that has both: (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impacts the entity's economic performance; and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the VIE that could be significant to the entity. We have concluded that we are not the PB of such borrowers, therefore, the loan arrangements were assessed based on among other factors, the amount and timing of expected residual profits, the estimated fair value of the collateral and the significance of the borrower's equity in the project. Based on these assessments, the arrangements have been classified as in substance real estate investments. We expect to fund an additional $172,169,000 related to these investments.

9. Credit Concentration

We use consolidated net operating income (“NOI”) as our credit concentration metric. See Note 18 for additional information and reconciliation. The following table summarizes certain information about our credit concentration for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, excluding our share of NOI in unconsolidated entities (dollars in thousands):


Concentration by relationship: (1)	Number of Properties	Total NOI		Percent of NOI (2)
Sunrise Senior Living (3)	165	$	194,952	13%
ProMedica	215	159,562		11%
Revera (3)	94	81,317		5%
Avery Healthcare	59	56,192		4%
Sagora Senior Living	31	50,539		3%
Remaining portfolio	924	964,127		64%
Totals	1,488	$	1,506,689	100%

(1) Sunrise Senior Living and Revera are in our Seniors Housing Operating segment. ProMedica is in our Triple-net segment. Avery Healthcare and Sagora Senior Living are in both the Triple-net and Seniors Housing Operating segments.

(2) NOI with our top five relationships comprised 37% of total NOI for the year ended December 31, 2019.

(3) Revera owns a controlling interest in Sunrise Senior Living.

10. Borrowings Under Credit Facilities and Commercial Paper Program

At September 30, 2020, we had a primary unsecured credit facility with a consortium of 31 banks that includes a $3,000,000,000 unsecured revolving credit facility (none outstanding at September 30, 2020), a $500,000,000 unsecured term credit facility and a $250,000,000 Canadian-denominated unsecured term credit facility. We have an option, through an accordion feature, to upsize the unsecured revolving credit facility and the $500,000,000 unsecured term credit facility by up to an additional $1,000,000,000, in the aggregate, and the $250,000,000 Canadian-denominated unsecured term credit facility by up to an additional $250,000,000. The primary unsecured credit facility also allows us to borrow up to $1,000,000,000 in alternate currencies (none outstanding at September 30, 2020). Borrowings under the unsecured revolving credit facility are subject to interest payable at the applicable margin over LIBOR interest rate. The applicable margin is based on our debt ratings and was 0.825% at September 30, 2020. In addition, we pay a facility fee quarterly to each bank based on the bank’s commitment amount. The facility fee depends on our debt ratings and was 0.15% at September 30, 2020. The term credit facilities mature on July 19, 2023. The revolving credit facility is scheduled to mature on July 19, 2022 and can be extended for two successive terms of six months each at our option.

In January 2019, we established an unsecured commercial paper program. Under the terms of the program, we may issue unsecured commercial paper notes with maturities that vary, but do not exceed 397 days from the date of issue, up to a maximum aggregate face or principal amount outstanding at any time of $1,000,000,000 (none outstanding at September 30, 2020).

The following information relates to aggregate borrowings under the unsecured revolving credit facility and commercial paper program for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Balance outstanding at quarter end	$	—		$	1,335,000		$	—		$	1,335,000
Maximum amount outstanding at any month end	$	—		$	1,335,000		$	2,100,000		$	2,880,000
Average amount outstanding (total of daily
principal balances divided by days in period)	$	—		$	1,296,185		$	663,895		$	1,299,963
Weighted average interest rate (actual interest
expense divided by average borrowings outstanding)	—		%	2.82		%	2.09		%	3.02		%

11. Senior Unsecured Notes and Secured Debt

We may repurchase, redeem or refinance senior unsecured notes from time to time, taking advantage of favorable market conditions when available. We may purchase senior notes for cash through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, a tender offer or, in some cases, through the early redemption of such securities pursuant to their terms. The senior unsecured notes are redeemable at our option, at any time in whole or from time to time in part, at a redemption price equal to the sum of: (i) the principal amount of the notes (or portion of such notes) being redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon up to the redemption date and (ii) any “make-whole” amount due under the terms of the notes in connection with early redemptions. Redemptions and repurchases of debt, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. At September 30, 2020, the annual principal payments due on these debt obligations were as follows (in thousands):


	Senior Unsecured Notes (1,2)		Secured Debt (1,3)		Totals
2020	$	—	$	75,915	$	75,915
2021	—		433,616		433,616
2022 (4)	870,000		449,248		1,319,248
2023 (5,6)	1,361,397		329,650		1,691,047
2024	1,350,000		178,285		1,528,285
Thereafter (7,8,9)	7,831,880		1,002,474		8,834,354
Totals	$	11,413,277	$	2,469,188	$	13,882,465

(1) Amounts represent principal amounts due and do not include unamortized premiums/discounts, debt issuance costs, or other fair value adjustments as reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(2) Annual interest rates range from 0.86% to 6.50%.

(3) Annual interest rates range from 0.10% to 12.00%. Carrying value of the properties securing the debt totaled $5,315,000,000 at September 30, 2020.

(4) Includes a $860,000,000 unsecured term credit facility. The loan matures on April 1, 2022 and bears interest at LIBOR plus 1.20% (1.34% at September 30, 2020).

(5) Includes a $250,000,000 Canadian-denominated unsecured term credit facility (approximately $187,645,000 based on the Canadian/U.S. Dollar exchange rate on September 30, 2020). The loan matures on July 19, 2023 and bears interest at the Canadian Dealer Offered Rate plus 0.9% (1.38% at September 30, 2020).

(6) Includes a $500,000,000 unsecured term credit facility. The loan matures on July 19, 2023 and bears interest at LIBOR plus 0.9% (1.06% at September 30, 2020).

(7) Includes a $300,000,000 Canadian-denominated 2.95% senior unsecured notes due 2027 (approximately $225,175,000 based on the Canadian/U.S. Dollar exchange rate on September 30, 2020).

(8) Includes a £550,000,000 4.80% senior unsecured notes due 2028 (approximately $710,655,000 based on the Sterling/U.S. Dollar exchange rate in effect on September 30, 2020).

(9) Includes a £500,000,000 4.50% senior unsecured notes due 2034 (approximately $646,050,000 based on the Sterling/U.S. Dollar exchange rate in effect on September 30, 2020).

The following is a summary of our senior unsecured notes principal activity during the periods presented (dollars in thousands):


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019
			Weighted Avg.			Weighted Avg.
	Amount		Interest Rate	Amount		Interest Rate
Beginning balance	$	10,427,562	4.03%	$	9,699,984	4.48%
Debt issued	1,600,000		1.89%	3,260,000		3.47%
Debt extinguished	(566,248)		3.26%	(3,107,500)		4.47%

Foreign currency	(48,037)		4.14%	(35,208)		4.35%
Ending balance	$	11,413,277	3.67%	$	9,817,276	4.12%

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following is a summary of our secured debt principal activity for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020			September 30, 2019
			Weighted Avg.			Weighted Avg.
	Amount		Interest Rate	Amount		Interest Rate
Beginning balance	$	2,993,342	3.63%	$	2,485,711	3.90%

Debt issued	44,921		2.58%	318,854		3.51%
Debt assumed	—		—%	42,000		4.62%
Debt extinguished	(491,506)		2.61%	(193,604)		4.37%


Principal payments	(46,585)		3.60%	(40,348)		3.69%
Foreign currency	(30,984)		3.19%	26,402		3.20%
Ending balance	$	2,469,188	3.16%	$	2,639,015	3.66%

In October of 2020, we extinguished $20,790,000 of secured bonds due 2038, $17,640,000 of secured bonds due 2040 and $73,140,000 of secured bonds due 2041 that were defeased in September of 2020. We recognized a loss on extinguishment of $12,204,000 in conjunction with the transaction.

Our debt agreements contain various covenants, restrictions and events of default. Certain agreements require us to maintain certain financial ratios and minimum net worth and impose certain limits on our ability to incur indebtedness, create liens and make investments or acquisitions. As of September 30, 2020, we were in compliance with all of the covenants under our debt agreements.

12. Derivative Instruments

We are exposed to, among other risks, the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates as a result of our non-U.S. investments and interest rate risk related to our capital structure. Our risk management program is designed to manage the exposure and volatility arising from these risks, and utilizes foreign currency forward contracts, cross currency swap contracts, interest rate swaps, interest rate locks and debt issued in foreign currencies to offset a portion of these risks.

Foreign Currency Forward Contracts Designated as Cash Flow Hedges

For instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative is deferred as a component of other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Gains and losses on the derivative representing either hedge ineffectiveness or hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized in earnings.

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

We enter into interest rate swaps in order to maintain a capital structure containing targeted amounts of fixed and floating-rate debt and manage interest rate risk. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for our fixed-rate payments. These interest rate swap agreements were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with variable-rate debt.

Periodically, we enter into and designate interest rate locks to partially hedge the risk of changes in interest payments attributable to increases in the benchmark interest rate during the period leading up to the probable issuance of fixed-rate debt. We designate our interest rate locks as cash flow hedges. Gains and losses when we settle our interest rate locks are amortized into income over the life of the related debt, except where a material amount is deemed to be ineffective, which would be immediately reclassified to the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Approximately $1,557,000 of losses, which are included in OCI, are expected to be reclassified into earnings in the next 12 months.

Foreign Currency Forward Contracts and Cross Currency Swap Contracts Designated as Net Investment Hedges

We use foreign currency forward and cross currency forward swap contracts to hedge a portion of the net investment in foreign subsidiaries against fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. For instruments that are designated and qualify as net investment hedges, the variability in the foreign currency to U.S. Dollar of the instrument is recorded as a cumulative translation adjustment component of OCI.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, we settled certain net investment hedges generating cash proceeds of $3,485,000 and $6,716,000, respectively. The balance of the cumulative translation adjustment will be reclassified to earnings if the hedged investment is sold or substantially liquidated.

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Derivative Contracts Undesignated

We use foreign currency exchange contracts to manage existing exposures to foreign currency exchange risk. Gains and losses resulting from the changes in fair value of these instruments are recorded in interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and are substantially offset by net revaluation impacts on foreign currency denominated balance sheet exposures. In addition, we have several interest rate cap contracts related to variable rate secured debt agreements. Gains and losses resulting from the changes in fair values of these instruments are also recorded in interest expense.

The following presents the notional amount of derivatives and other financial instruments as of the dates indicated (in thousands):


	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges:
Denominated in Canadian Dollars	$	650,000	$	725,000
Denominated in Pound Sterling	£	1,340,708	£	1,340,708

Financial instruments designated as net investment hedges:
Denominated in Canadian Dollars	$	250,000	$	250,000
Denominated in Pound Sterling	£	1,050,000	£	1,050,000

Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges:
Denominated in U.S Dollars (1)	$	450,000	$	1,188,250

Derivative instruments not designated:
Interest rate caps denominated in U.S. Dollars	$	95,086	$	405,819

Forward sales contracts denominated in Canadian Dollars	$	80,000	$	—
Forward purchase contracts denominated in Pound Sterling	£	—	£	(125,000)
Forward sales contracts denominated in Pound Sterling	£	—	£	125,000

(1) At September 30, 2020 the maximum maturity date was July 15, 2021.

The following presents the impact of derivative instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the periods presented (in thousands):


		Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Description	Location	2020		2019		2020		2019
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments designated as hedges recognized in income	Interest expense	$	5,724	$	7,478	$	16,475	$	19,945
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments not designated as hedges recognized in income	Interest expense	$	(1,159)	$	600	$	(3,207)	$	(2,065)
Gain (loss) on derivative and financial instruments designated as hedges recognized in OCI	OCI	$	(145,512)	$	78,947	$	86,429	$	91,672

13. Commitments and Contingencies

At September 30, 2020, we had 8 outstanding letter of credit obligations totaling $14,200,000 and expiring between 2020 and 2024. At September 30, 2020, we had outstanding construction in progress of $414,833,000 and were committed to providing additional funds of approximately $342,232,000 to complete construction. Additionally, at September 30, 2020, we had outstanding investments classified as in substance real estate of $285,369,000 and were committed to provide additional funds of $172,169,000 (see Note 8 for additional information). Purchase obligations at September 30, 2020 also include $18,488,000 of contingent purchase obligations to fund capital improvements. Rents due from the tenant are increased to reflect the additional investment in the property.

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

14. Stockholders’ Equity

The following is a summary of our stockholders’ equity capital accounts as of the dates indicated:


	September 30, 2020	December 31, 2019
Preferred Stock:
Authorized shares	50,000,000	50,000,000
Issued shares	—	—
Outstanding shares	—	—

Common Stock, $1.00 par value:
Authorized shares	700,000,000	700,000,000
Issued shares	418,877,323	411,550,857
Outstanding shares	417,305,044	410,256,615

Preferred Stock The following is a summary of our preferred stock activity during the periods indicated:


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
		Weighted Avg.		Weighted Avg.
	Shares	Dividend Rate	Shares	Dividend Rate
Beginning balance	—	—%	14,369,965	6.50%

Shares converted	—	—%	(14,369,965)	6.50%
Ending balance	—	—%	—	—%

During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we converted all of the outstanding Series I Preferred Stock. Each share was converted into 0.8857 shares of common stock.

Common Stock In February 2019, we entered into an amended and restated equity distribution agreement whereby we can offer and sell up to $1,500,000,000 aggregate amount of our common stock ("Equity Shelf Program"). The Equity Shelf Program also allows us to enter into forward sale agreements. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we physically settled all of our outstanding forward sales agreements for cash proceeds of $576,196,000. As of September 30, 2020, we had $499,341,000 of remaining capacity under the Equity Shelf Program.

On May 1, 2020, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program whereby we may repurchase up to $1 billion of common stock through December 31, 2021 (the "Repurchase Program"). Under this authorization, we are not required to purchase shares but may choose to do so in the open market or through private transactions at times and amounts based on our evaluation of market conditions and other factors. We expect to finance any share repurchases under the Repurchase Program using available cash and may use proceeds from borrowings or debt offerings. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we repurchased 201,947 shares at an average price of $37.89 per share.

The following is a summary of our common stock issuances during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 (dollars in thousands, except shares and average price amounts):


	Shares Issued	Average Price		Gross Proceeds		Net Proceeds
2019 Dividend reinvestment plan issuances	4,438,787	$	75.59	$	335,535	$	332,054
2019 Option exercises	10,736	51.32		551		551
2019 Equity shelf program issuances	4,729,045	75.24		355,803		353,500
2019 Preferred stock conversions	12,712,452			—		—
2019 Stock incentive plans, net of forfeitures	192,237			—		—
2019 Totals	22,083,257			$	691,889	$	686,105

2020 Dividend reinvestment plan issuances	264,153	$	72.33	$	19,105	$	19,105
2020 Option exercises	251	47.81		12		12
2020 Equity shelf program issuances	6,799,978	86.48		588,072		576,196

2020 Stock incentive plans, net of forfeitures	185,994			—		—
2020 Totals	7,250,376			$	607,189	$	595,313

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Dividends The decrease in dividends is attributable to the declaration of a reduced cash dividend beginning with the quarter ending March 31, 2020. The following is a summary of our dividend payments (in thousands, except per share amounts):


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020				September 30, 2019
	Per Share		Amount		Per Share		Amount
Common stock	$	2.09	$	865,357	$	2.61	$	1,051,687

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income The following is a summary of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the periods presented (in thousands):


	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Foreign currency translation	$	(820,555)	$	(719,814)
Derivative and financial instruments designated as hedges	694,086		607,657

Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(126,469)	$	(112,157)

15. Stock Incentive Plans

Our 2016 Long-Term Incentive Plan (“2016 Plan”) authorizes up to 10,000,000 shares of common stock to be issued at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Our non-employee directors, officers and key employees are eligible to participate in the 2016 Plan. The 2016 Plan allows for the issuance of, among other things, stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, deferred stock units, performance units and dividend equivalent rights. Vesting periods for options, deferred stock units and restricted shares generally range from three to five years. Options expire ten years from the date of grant. Stock-based compensation expense totaled $6,565,000 and $20,938,000 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectfully, and $5,309,000 and $20,501,000 for the same periods in 2019.

16. Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except per share data):


	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Numerator for basic earnings per share - net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	325,585	$	589,876	$	815,115	$	1,008,108


Adjustment for net income (loss) attributable to OP units	(1,716)		492		(4,470)		580
Numerator for diluted earnings per share	$	323,869	$	590,368	$	810,645	$	1,008,688

Denominator for basic earnings per share - weighted average shares	417,027		405,023		414,822		400,441
Effect of dilutive securities:

Non-vested restricted shares	542		757		620		860
Redeemable OP units	1,396		1,096		1,396		1,096
Employee stock purchase program	22		15		22		15
Dilutive potential common shares	1,960		1,868		2,038		1,971
Denominator for diluted earnings per share - adjusted weighted average shares	418,987		406,891		416,860		402,412

Basic earnings per share	$	0.78	$	1.46	$	1.96	$	2.52
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.77	$	1.45	$	1.94	$	2.51

17. Disclosure about Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. A three-level valuation hierarchy exists for disclosures of fair value measurements based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. A financial instrument's categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Please see Note 2 to the financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 for additional information. The three levels are defined below:

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

•Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2 - Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

•Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value.

Mortgage Loans, Other Real Estate Loans and Non-real Estate Loans Receivable — The fair value of mortgage loans, other real estate loans and non-real estate loans receivable is generally estimated by using Level 2 and Level 3 inputs such as discounting the estimated future cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities.

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash — The carrying amount approximates fair value.

Equity Securities — Equity securities are recorded at their fair value based on Level 1 publicly available trading prices.

Borrowings Under Primary Unsecured Credit Facility and Commercial Paper Program — The carrying amount of the primary unsecured credit facility and commercial paper program approximates fair value because the borrowings are interest rate adjustable.

Senior Unsecured Notes — The fair value of the senior unsecured notes payable was estimated based on Level 1 publicly available trading prices. The carrying amount of the variable rate senior unsecured notes approximates fair value because they are interest rate adjustable.

Secured Debt — The fair value of fixed rate secured debt is estimated using Level 2 inputs by discounting the estimated future cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities. The carrying amount of variable rate secured debt approximates fair value because the borrowings are interest rate adjustable.

Foreign Currency Forward Contracts, Interest Rate Swaps and Cross Currency Swaps — Foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and cross currency swaps are recorded in other assets or other liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value that is derived from observable market data, including yield curves and foreign exchange rates (all of our derivatives are Level 2).

Redeemable OP Unitholder Interests — Our redeemable OP unitholder interests are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value using Level 2 inputs unless the fair value is below the initial amount in which case the redeemable OP unitholder interests are recorded at the initial amount adjusted for distributions to the unitholders and income or loss attributable to the unitholders. The fair value is measured using the closing price of our common stock, as units may be redeemed at the election of the holder for cash or, at our option, one share of our common stock per unit, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances.

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our financial instruments are as follows (in thousands):

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


	September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Financial assets:
Mortgage loans receivable	$	289,082	$	295,597	$	145,686	$	150,217
Other real estate loans receivable	125,624		129,069		124,696		128,512
Equity securities	5,205		5,205		15,685		15,685
Cash and cash equivalents	1,603,740		1,603,740		284,917		284,917
Restricted cash	551,593		551,593		100,849		100,849
Non-real estate loans receivable	382,149		430,558		336,854		379,239
Foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and cross currency swaps	81,964		81,964		18,554		18,554

Financial liabilities:
Borrowings under unsecured credit facility and commercial paper program	$	—	$	—	$	1,587,597	$	1,587,597
Senior unsecured notes	11,321,573		12,603,853		10,336,513		11,400,571
Secured debt	2,459,659		2,541,260		2,990,962		3,041,893
Foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and cross currency swaps	64,100		64,100		53,601		53,601

Redeemable OP unitholder interests	$	100,513	$	98,335	$	121,440	$	121,440

Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The market approach is utilized to measure fair value for our financial assets and liabilities reported at fair value on a recurring basis. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The following summarizes items measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):


	Fair Value Measurements as of September 30, 2020
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Equity securities	$	5,205	$	5,205	$	—	$	—
Foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and cross currency swaps, net asset (liability) (1)	17,864		—		17,864		—

Totals	$	23,069	$	5,205	$	17,864	$	—

(1) Please see Note 12 for additional information.

Items Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

In addition to items that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, we also have assets and liabilities in our balance sheet that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis that are not included in the tables above. Assets, liabilities and noncontrolling interests that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include those acquired or assumed. Asset impairments (if applicable, see Note 5 for impairments of real property and Note 7 for impairments of loans receivable) are also measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. We have determined that the fair value measurements included in each of these assets and liabilities rely primarily on company-specific inputs and our assumptions about the use of the assets and settlement of liabilities, as observable inputs are not available. As such, we have determined that each of these fair value measurements generally resides within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. We estimate the fair value of real estate and related intangibles using the income approach and unobservable data such as net operating income and estimated capitalization and discount rates. We also consider local and national industry market data including comparable sales, and commonly engage an external real estate appraiser to assist us in our estimation of fair value. We estimate the fair value of assets held for sale based on current sales price expectations or, in the absence of such price expectations, Level 3 inputs described above. We estimate the fair value of loans receivable using projected payoff valuations based on the expected future cash flows and/or the estimated fair value of collateral, net of sales costs, if the repayment of the loan is expected to be provided solely by the collateral. We estimate the fair value of secured debt assumed in asset acquisitions using current interest rates at which similar borrowings could be obtained on the transaction date.

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

18. Segment Reporting

We invest in seniors housing and health care real estate. We evaluate our business and make resource allocations on our three operating segments: Seniors Housing Operating, Triple-net and Outpatient Medical. Our Seniors Housing Operating properties include seniors apartments, assisted living, independent living/continuing care retirement communities, independent supportive living communities (Canada), care homes with and without nursing (U.K.) and combinations thereof that are owned and/or operated through RIDEA structures (see Note 19). Our Triple-net properties include the property types described above as well as long-term/post-acute care facilities. Under the Triple-net segment, we invest in seniors housing and health care real estate through acquisition and financing of primarily single tenant properties. Properties acquired are primarily leased under triple-net leases and we are not involved in the management of the property. Our Outpatient Medical properties are typically leased to multiple tenants and generally require a certain level of property management by us.

We evaluate performance based upon consolidated NOI of each segment. We define NOI as total revenues, including tenant reimbursements, less property operating expenses. We believe NOI provides investors relevant and useful information as it measures the operating performance of our properties at the property level on an unleveraged basis. We use NOI to make decisions about resource allocations and to assess the property level performance of our properties.

Non-segment revenue consists mainly of interest income on certain non-real estate investments and other income. Non-segment assets consist of corporate assets including cash, deferred loan expenses and corporate offices and equipment among others. Non-property specific revenues and expenses are not allocated to individual segments in determining NOI.

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies (see Note 2 to the financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019). The results of operations for all acquisitions described in Note 3 are included in our consolidated results of operations from the acquisition dates and are components of the appropriate segments. All intersegment transactions are eliminated.

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Summary information for the reportable segments (which excludes unconsolidated entities) is as follows (in thousands):


Three Months Ended September 30, 2020:	Seniors Housing Operating		Triple-net		Outpatient Medical		Non-segment / Corporate		Total
Resident fees and services	$	740,956	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	740,956
Rental income	—		103,938		171,108		—		275,046
Interest income	113		15,877		760		—		16,750
Other income	996		1,113		836		1,177		4,122
Total revenues	742,065		120,928		172,704		1,177		1,036,874

Property operating expenses	567,704		12,567		52,728		1,718		634,717
Consolidated net operating income	174,361		108,361		119,976		(541)		402,157

Depreciation and amortization	133,224		58,157		64,151		—		255,532
Interest expense	12,728		2,070		4,287		105,766		124,851
General and administrative expenses	—		—		—		31,003		31,003
Loss (gain) on derivatives and financial instruments, net	—		1,395		—		—		1,395
Loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt, net	—		—		—		33,004		33,004
Provision for loan losses	86		372		2,399		—		2,857
Impairment of assets	12,778		10,535		—		—		23,313
Other expenses	6,488		2,805		781		1,470		11,544
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and other items	9,057		33,027		48,358		(171,784)		(81,342)
Income tax (expense) benefit	—		—		—		(2,003)		(2,003)
Income (loss) from unconsolidated entities	(7,678)		(423)		2,120		—		(5,981)
Gain (loss) on real estate dispositions, net	313,319		(619)		171,604		—		484,304
Income (loss) from continuing operations	314,698		31,985		222,082		(173,787)		394,978
Net income (loss)	$	314,698	$	31,985	$	222,082	$	(173,787)	$	394,978

Total assets	$	15,063,405	$	9,075,910	$	6,892,502	$	1,509,780	$	32,541,597


Three Months Ended September 30, 2019:	Seniors Housing Operating		Triple-net		Outpatient Medical		Non-segment / Corporate		Total
Resident fees and services	$	834,121	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	834,121
Rental income	—		227,499		184,648		—		412,147
Interest income	—		15,279		358		—		15,637
Other income	1,375		1,829		183		841		4,228
Total revenues	835,496		244,607		185,189		841		1,266,133

Property operating expenses	581,341		13,922		60,325		—		655,588
Consolidated net operating income	254,155		230,685		124,864		841		610,545

Depreciation and amortization	148,126		57,147		67,172		—		272,445
Interest expense	16,356		3,076		3,363		114,548		137,343
General and administrative expenses	—		—		—		31,019		31,019
Loss (gain) on derivatives and financial instruments, net	—		1,244		—		—		1,244
Loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt, net	1,450		—		—		64,374		65,824

Impairment of assets	2,599		12,314		3,183		—		18,096
Other expenses	4,274		(2,496)		524		3,884		6,186
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and other items	81,350		159,400		50,622		(212,984)		78,388
Income tax (expense) benefit	—		—		—		(3,968)		(3,968)
Income (loss) from unconsolidated entities	(3,859)		5,276		1,845		—		3,262
Gain (loss) on real estate dispositions, net	519,203		51,529		(482)		—		570,250
Income (loss) from continuing operations	596,694		216,205		51,985		(216,952)		647,932
Net income (loss)	$	596,694	$	216,205	$	51,985	$	(216,952)	$	647,932

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020	Seniors Housing Operating		Triple-net		Outpatient Medical		Non-segment / Corporate		Total
Resident fees and services	$	2,360,488	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	2,360,488
Rental income	—		512,815		548,496		—		1,061,311
Interest income	305		46,068		1,687		—		48,060
Other income	6,050		3,393		2,681		1,968		14,092
Total revenues	2,366,843		562,276		552,864		1,968		3,483,951

Property operating expenses	1,771,088		39,432		165,024		1,718		1,977,262
Consolidated net operating income	595,755		522,844		387,840		250		1,506,689

Depreciation and amortization	419,161		173,989		202,554		—		795,704
Interest expense	43,191		7,668		13,421		328,935		393,215
General and administrative expenses	—		—		—		100,546		100,546
Loss (gain) on derivatives and financial instruments, net	—		10,480		—		—		10,480
Loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt, net	(492)		—		741		33,004		33,253
Provision for loan losses	86		8,895		2,370		—		11,351
Impairment of assets	91,424		34,867		—		—		126,291
Other expenses	13,463		6,818		8,244		8,722		37,247
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and other items	28,922		280,127		160,510		(470,957)		(1,398)
Income tax (expense) benefit	—		—		—		(9,678)		(9,678)
Income (loss) from unconsolidated entities	(25,489)		11,776		5,372		—		(8,341)
Gain (loss) on real estate dispositions, net	327,635		51,166		524,190		—		902,991
Income (loss) from continuing operations	331,068		343,069		690,072		(480,635)		883,574
Net income (loss)	$	331,068	$	343,069	$	690,072	$	(480,635)	$	883,574


Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019	Seniors Housing Operating			Triple-net			Outpatient Medical			Non-segment / Corporate		Total
Resident fees and services	$	2,616,491		$	—		$	—		$	—	$	2,616,491
Rental income	—			681,893			496,924			—		1,178,817
Interest income	—			47,343			769			—		48,112
Other income	6,920			4,370			322			3,452		15,064
Total revenues	2,623,411			733,606			498,015			3,452		3,858,484

Property operating expenses	1,826,344			41,700			159,478			—		2,027,522
Consolidated net operating income	797,067			691,906			338,537			3,452		1,830,962

Depreciation and amortization	416,252			174,551			173,626			—		764,429
Interest expense	52,179			9,741			10,097			351,894		423,911
General and administrative expenses	—			—			—			100,042		100,042
Loss (gain) on derivatives and financial instruments, net	—			670			—			—		670
Loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt, net	1,450			—			—			80,093		81,543
Provision for loan losses	—		18.69	18,690		—	—		18.69	—		18,690
Impairment of assets	2,599			11,374			14,062			—		28,035
Other expenses	19,077			6,093			1,274			10,126		36,570
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and other items	305,510			470,787			139,478			(538,703)		377,072
Income tax (expense) benefit	—			—			—			(7,789)		(7,789)
Income (loss) from unconsolidated entities	(37,892)			17,512			5,394			—		(14,986)
Gain (loss) on real estate dispositions, net	518,493			217,973			(489)			—		735,977
Income (loss) from continuing operations	786,111			706,272			144,383			(546,492)		1,090,274
Net income (loss)	$	786,111		$	706,272		$	144,383		$	(546,492)	$	1,090,274

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Our portfolio of properties and other investments are located in the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada. Revenues and assets are attributed to the country in which the property is physically located. The following is a summary of geographic information for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020				September 30, 2019				September 30, 2020				September 30, 2019
Revenues:	Amount(1)		%		Amount		%		Amount(1)		%		Amount		%
United States	$	819,057	79.0	%	$	1,039,016	82.1	%	$	2,820,609	81.0	%	$	3,175,059	82.3	%
United Kingdom	110,281		10.6	%	110,303		8.7	%	337,601		9.7	%	335,368		8.7	%
Canada	107,536		10.4	%	116,814		9.2	%	325,741		9.3	%	348,057		9.0	%
Total	$	1,036,874	100.0	%	$	1,266,133	100.0	%	$	3,483,951	100.0	%	$	3,858,484	100.0	%

	As of
	September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
Assets:	Amount		%		Amount		%
United States	$	26,988,613	83.0	%	$	27,513,911	82.4	%
United Kingdom	3,200,439		9.8	%	3,405,388		10.2	%
Canada	2,352,545		7.2	%	2,461,452		7.4	%
Total	$	32,541,597	100.0	%	$	33,380,751	100.0	%

(1) The United States, United Kingdom and Canada represent 76%, 11% and 13%, respectively, of our resident fees and services revenue stream for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.

19. Income Taxes and Distributions

We elected to be taxed as a REIT commencing with our first taxable year. To qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, at least 90% of taxable income (excluding 100% of net capital gains) must be distributed to stockholders. REITs that do not distribute a certain amount of taxable income in the current year are also subject to a 4% federal excise tax. The main differences between undistributed net income for federal income tax purposes and financial statement purposes are the recognition of straight-line rent for reporting purposes, basis differences in acquisitions, recording of impairments, differing useful lives and depreciation and amortization methods for real property and the provision for loan losses for reporting purposes versus bad debt expense for tax purposes.

Under the provisions of the REIT Investment Diversification and Empowerment Act of 2007 (“RIDEA”), for taxable years beginning after July 30, 2008, a REIT may lease “qualified health care properties” on an arm’s-length basis to a taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”) if the property is operated on behalf of such TRS by a person who qualifies as an “eligible independent contractor”. Generally, the rent received from the TRS will meet the related party rent exception and will be treated as “rents from real property”. A “qualified health care property” includes real property and any personal property that is, or is necessary or incidental to the use of, a hospital, nursing facility, assisted living facility, congregate care facility, qualified continuing care facility, or other licensed facility which extends medical or nursing or ancillary services to patients. We have entered into various joint ventures that were structured under RIDEA. Resident level rents and related operating expenses for these facilities are reported in the unaudited consolidated financial statements and are subject to federal and state income taxes as the operations of such facilities are included in TRS entities. Certain net operating loss carryforwards could be utilized to offset taxable income in future years.

Income taxes reflected in the financial statements primarily represents U.S. federal, state and local income taxes as well as non-U.S. income based or withholding taxes on certain investments located in jurisdictions outside the U.S. The provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, was primarily due to operating income or losses, offset by certain discrete items at our TRS entities. In 2014, we established certain wholly-owned direct and indirect subsidiaries in Luxembourg and Jersey and transferred interests in certain foreign investments into this holding company structure. The structure includes a property holding company that is tax resident in the United Kingdom. No material adverse current tax consequences in Luxembourg, Jersey or the United Kingdom resulted from the creation of this holding company structure and most of the subsidiary entities in the structure are treated as disregarded entities of the company for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Subsequent to 2014 we transferred certain subsidiaries to the United Kingdom, while some wholly-owned direct and indirect subsidiaries remain in Luxembourg and Jersey. The company reflects current and deferred tax liabilities for any such withholding taxes incurred from this holding company structure in its consolidated financial statements. Generally, given current statutes of limitations, we are subject to audit by the foreign, federal, state and local taxing authorities under applicable local laws.

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The CARES Act, among its economic stimulus provisions, includes a number of tax provisions relating to refundable payroll tax credits, deferment of employer side social security payments, net operating loss carrybacks, alternative minimum tax credit refunds, modifications to the net interest deduction limitations and technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property. Certain of these provisions may impact the provision for taxes in our consolidated financial statements, including in particular the provision allowing for the carryback of net operating losses which would be applicable to our TRSs. We have made a reasonable estimate of the tax impact to us of the CARES Act in our consolidated financial statements, and while we do not believe that there will be further material impacts to the consolidated financial statements related to the CARES Act tax provisions, we will continue to evaluate the impact of the CARES Act and any guidance provided by the U.S. Treasury and the IRS on our consolidated financial statements. It is possible our estimates could differ materially from the actual tax impact to us of the CARES Act.

20. Variable Interest Entities

We have entered into joint ventures to own certain seniors housing and outpatient medical assets which are deemed to be VIEs. We have concluded that we are the primary beneficiary of these VIEs based on a combination of operational control of the joint venture and the rights to receive residual returns or the obligation to absorb losses arising from the joint ventures. Except for capital contributions associated with the initial joint venture formations, the joint ventures have been and are expected to be funded from the ongoing operations of the underlying properties. Accordingly, such joint ventures have been consolidated, and the table below summarizes the balance sheets of consolidated VIEs in the aggregate (in thousands):


	September 30, 2020		December 31, 2019
Assets:
Net real estate investments	$	456,006	$	960,093
Cash and cash equivalents	22,958		27,522
Receivables and other assets	13,169		14,586
Total assets (1)	$	492,133	$	1,002,201

Liabilities and equity:
Secured debt	$	166,122	$	460,117
Lease liabilities	1,325		1,326
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	18,910		22,215
Total equity	305,776		518,543
Total liabilities and equity	$	492,133	$	1,002,201

(1) Note that assets of the consolidated VIEs can only be used to settle obligations relating to such VIEs. Liabilities of the consolidated VIEs represent claims against the specific assets of the VIEs.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


			EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

			Company Overview			31
			Business Strategy			32
			Key Transactions			33
			Key Performance Indicators, Trends and Uncertainties			34
			Corporate Governance			36

			LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

			Sources and Uses of Cash			36
			Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements			37
			Contractual Obligations			37
			Capital Structure			38

			RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

			Summary			38
			Seniors Housing Operating			39
			Triple-net			41
			Outpatient Medical			43
			Non-Segment/Corporate			45

			OTHER

			Non-GAAP Financial Measures			46
			Critical Accounting Policies			54
			Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements			55

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis is based primarily on the unaudited consolidated financial statements of Welltower Inc. for the periods presented and should be read together with the notes thereto contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Other important factors are identified in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, including factors identified under the headings “Business,” “Risk Factors,” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and updated risk factors in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020. References herein to “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company” refer to Welltower Inc. and its subsidiaries unless specifically noted otherwise.

Executive Summary

Company Overview

Welltower Inc. (NYSE:WELL), an S&P 500 company headquartered in Toledo, Ohio, is driving the transformation of health care infrastructure. The Company invests with leading seniors housing operators, post-acute providers and health systems to fund the real estate and infrastructure needed to scale innovative care delivery models and improve people’s wellness and overall health care experience. Welltower™, a real estate investment trust (“REIT”), owns interests in properties concentrated in major, high-growth markets in the United States (U.S.), Canada and the United Kingdom (U.K.), consisting of seniors housing and post-acute communities and outpatient medical properties.

The following table summarizes our consolidated portfolio for the three months ended September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):


			Percentage of		Number of
Type of Property	NOI (1)		NOI		Properties
Seniors Housing Operating	$	174,361	43.3	%	515
Triple-net	108,361		26.9	%	652
Outpatient Medical	119,976		29.8	%	321
Totals	$	402,698	100.0	%	1,488


(1) Represents consolidated NOI and excludes our share of investments in unconsolidated entities. Entities in which we have a joint venture with a minority partner are shown at 100% of the joint venture amount. See Non-GAAP Financial Measures for additional information and reconciliation.

The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our operations and those of our operators and tenants will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, including the scope, severity and duration of the pandemic, the actions taken to contain the pandemic or mitigate its impact and the direct and indirect economic effects of the pandemic and containment measures, among others. The COVID-19 pandemic has had and may continue to have material and adverse effects on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows in the future.

Our Seniors Housing Operating revenues are dependent on occupancy. While admission bans were lifted across our portfolio during the second quarter and in July, move-out activity continued to outpace move-ins, resulting in occupancy losses throughout the period. Month-to-date, through October 23, 2020, total SHO portfolio occupancy declined by approximately 30 basis points. Consequently, we anticipate total SHO portfolio spot occupancy to decline 75 to 125 basis points in the fourth quarter relative to September 30, 2020.

We have incurred increased operational costs as a result of the introduction of public health measures and other regulations affecting our properties, as well as additional health and safety measures adopted by us and our operators related to the COVID-19 pandemic, including increases in labor and property cleaning expenses and expenditures related to our efforts to procure PPE and supplies. We expect total Seniors Housing Operating expenses to remain elevated during the pandemic and potentially beyond as these additional health and safety measures become standard practice.

Our Triple-net operators are experiencing similar occupancy declines and operating costs as described above with respect to our Seniors Housing Operating properties. However, long-term/post-acute care facilities are generally experiencing a higher degree of occupancy declines. These factors may continue to impact the ability of our Triple-net operators to make contractual rent payments to us in the future. Many of our Triple-net operators received funds under the Coronavirus Aid Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) Paycheck Protection Program. In addition, operators of long-term/post-acute care facilities have generally received funds from Phase 1 of the Provider Relief Fund and operators of assisted living facilities are generally expecting funds from Phase 2 of the Provider Relief Fund. Accordingly, collection of Triple-net rent due during the COVID-19 pandemic to date (from March to September) has generally been consistent with historical collection rates and no significant rent concessions or deferrals have been made.

Our Outpatient Medical tenants are experiencing temporary medical practice closures or decreases in revenue due to government-imposed restrictions on elective medical procedures, stay at home orders or decisions by patients to delay

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

treatments which may continue to adversely affect their ability to make contractual rent payments. These factors have and may continue to cause operators or tenants to seek modifications of such obligations, resulting in reductions in revenue and increases in uncollectible receivables. We will evaluate each request on a case-by-case basis and determine if a form of rent relief is warranted following an examination of the tenant’s financial health, rent coverage, current operating situation and other factors.

We have either collected or approved short term deferrals for over 99% of Outpatient Medical rent due in the third quarter, consisting of 97% cash collections and 2% of short term deferrals. In most cases, unless local ordinances mandate otherwise, the deferred rent represents two months of rent with expected repayment by the end of the year. Furthermore, collections of deferred rent due in the third quarter under executed deferrals was over 99%. To the extent that deferred rent is not repaid as expected, or the prolonged impact of the COVID-19 pandemic causes operators or tenants to seek further modifications of their lease agreements, we may recognize reductions in revenue and increases in uncollectible receivables.

As a result of uncertainty regarding the length and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of the pandemic on our business and related industries, our investments in and acquisitions of senior housing and health care properties, as well as our ability to transition or sell properties with profitable results, may be limited. We have a significant development portfolio as of September 30, 2020. To date we have only experienced minor construction and licensing delays with respect to our development portfolio, but may experience more significant delays in the future. Such disruptions to acquisition, disposition and development activity may negatively impact our long-term competitive position.

Business Strategy

Our primary objectives are to protect stockholder capital and enhance stockholder value. We seek to pay consistent cash dividends to stockholders and create opportunities to increase dividend payments to stockholders as a result of annual increases in NOI and portfolio growth. To meet these objectives, we invest across the full spectrum of seniors housing and health care real estate and diversify our investment portfolio by property type, relationship and geographic location.

Substantially all of our revenues are derived from operating lease rentals, resident fees and services and interest earned on outstanding loans receivable. These items represent our primary sources of liquidity to fund distributions and depend upon the continued ability of our obligors to make contractual rent and interest payments to us and the profitability of our operating properties. To the extent that our obligors/partners experience operating difficulties and become unable to generate sufficient cash to make payments or operating distributions to us, there could be a material adverse impact on our consolidated results of operations, liquidity and/or financial condition. To mitigate this risk, we monitor our investments through a variety of methods determined by the type of property. Our asset management process for seniors housing properties generally includes review of monthly financial statements and other operating data for each property, review of obligor/partner creditworthiness, property inspections and review of covenant compliance relating to licensure, real estate taxes, letters of credit and other collateral. Our internal property management division manages and monitors the outpatient medical portfolio with a comprehensive process including review of tenant relations, lease expirations, the mix of health service providers, hospital/health system relationships, property performance, capital improvement needs and market conditions among other things. We evaluate the operating environment in each property’s market to determine the likely trend in operating performance of the facility. When we identify unacceptable trends, we seek to mitigate, eliminate or transfer the risk. Through these efforts, we generally aim to intervene at an early stage to address any negative trends, and in so doing, support both the collectability of revenue and the value of our investment.

In addition to our asset management and research efforts, we also aim to structure our relevant investments to mitigate payment risk. Operating leases and loans are normally credit enhanced by guarantees and/or letters of credit. In addition, operating leases are typically structured as master leases and loans are generally cross-defaulted and cross-collateralized with other real estate loans, operating leases or agreements between us and the obligor and its affiliates.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, resident fees and services and rental income represented 68% and 30%, respectively, of total revenues. Substantially all of our operating leases are designed with escalating rent structures. Leases with fixed annual rental escalators are generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the initial lease period, subject to a collectability assessment. Rental income related to leases with contingent rental escalators is generally recorded based on the contractual cash rental payments due for the period. Our yield on loans receivable depends upon a number of factors, including the stated interest rate, the average principal amount outstanding during the term of the loan and any interest rate adjustments.

Our primary sources of cash include resident fees and services, rent and interest receipts, borrowings under our unsecured revolving credit facility and commercial paper program, public issuances of debt and equity securities, proceeds from investment dispositions and principal payments on loans receivable. Our primary uses of cash include dividend distributions, debt service payments (including principal and interest), real property investments (including acquisitions, capital expenditures, construction advances and transaction costs), loan advances, property operating expenses and general and administrative

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

expenses. Depending upon the availability and cost of external capital, we believe our liquidity is sufficient to fund these uses of cash.

We also continuously evaluate opportunities to finance future investments. New investments are generally funded from temporary borrowings under our unsecured revolving credit facility and commercial paper program, internally generated cash and the proceeds from investment dispositions. Our investments generate cash from NOI and principal payments on loans receivable. Permanent financing for future investments, which replaces funds drawn under our unsecured revolving credit facility and commercial paper program, has historically been provided through a combination of the issuance of public debt and equity securities and the incurrence or assumption of secured debt.

Depending upon market conditions, we believe that new investments will be available in the future with spreads over our cost of capital that will generate appropriate returns to our stockholders. It is also likely that investment dispositions may occur in the future. To the extent that investment dispositions exceed new investments, our revenues and cash flows from operations could be adversely affected. We expect to reinvest the proceeds from any investment dispositions in new investments. To the extent that new investment requirements exceed our available cash on-hand, we expect to borrow under our unsecured revolving credit facility and commercial paper program. At September 30, 2020, we had $1,603,740,000 of cash and cash equivalents, $551,593,000 of restricted cash and $3,000,000,000 of available borrowing capacity under our unsecured revolving credit facility.

Key Transactions

Capital The following summarizes key capital transaction that occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and subsequent events:

•During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we extinguished $491,506,000 of secured debt at a blended average interest rate of 2.61%.

•During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we sold 2,128,000 shares of common stock under our ATM and DRIP programs, via both cash settle and forward sale agreements, generating gross proceeds of approximately $175,484,000. The sale of these shares and settlement of previously outstanding forward sales resulted in gross proceeds of approximately $607,177,000 which were used to reduce borrowings under our unsecured revolving credit facility.

•In April, we closed on a $1.0 billion two-year unsecured term loan. The term loan bears interest at a rate of 1-month LIBOR + 1.20%, based on our credit rating.

•On June 30, 2020, we completed the issuance of $600,000,000 senior unsecured notes bearing interest at 2.75% with a maturity date of January 2031. Net proceeds were used to fund tender offers for $426,248,000 of our 3.75% senior unsecured notes due 2023 and our 3.95% senior unsecured notes due 2023 which settled on July 1, 2020. The remaining proceeds were used to reduce borrowings under our term loan by $140 million.

Investments The following summarizes our property acquisitions and joint venture investments completed during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):


	Properties	Investment Amount (1)		Capitalization Rates (2)		Book Amount (3)
Seniors Housing Operating	6	$	168,725	4.9	%	$	159,049
Triple-net (4)	—	—		—	%	765
Outpatient Medical	16	235,387		6.1	%	238,705
Totals	22	$	404,112	5.6	%	$	398,519

(1) Represents stated pro rata purchase price including cash and any assumed debt but excludes fair value adjustments pursuant to U.S. GAAP.
(2) Represents annualized contractual or projected net operating income to be received in cash divided by investment amounts.
(3) Represents amounts recorded in net real estate investments including fair value adjustments pursuant to U.S. GAAP. See Note 3 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.
(4) Represents the acquisition of a condo unit at a previously acquired property.

Dispositions The following summarizes property dispositions completed during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


	Properties	Proceeds (1)		Capitalization Rates (2)		Book Amount (3)
Seniors Housing Operating	25	$	1,099,585	5.0	%	$	1,093,477
Triple-net	6	78,439		6.5	%	33,445
Outpatient Medical	82	1,863,719		5.6	%	1,394,971
Totals	113	$	3,041,743	5.4	%	$	2,521,893

(1) Represents pro rata proceeds received upon disposition including any seller financing.
(2) Represents annualized contractual income that was being received in cash at date of disposition divided by disposition proceeds.
(3) Represents carrying value of net real estate assets at time of disposition. See Note 5 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Dividends Our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend for the quarter ended September 30, 2020 of $0.61 per share. On November 19, 2020, we will pay our 198th consecutive quarterly cash dividend to stockholders of record on November 10, 2020.

Key Performance Indicators, Trends and Uncertainties

We utilize several key performance indicators to evaluate the various aspects of our business. These indicators are discussed below and relate to operating performance, credit strength and concentration risk. Management uses these key performance indicators to facilitate internal and external comparisons to our historical operating results, in making operating decisions and for budget planning purposes.

Operating Performance We believe that net income and net income attributable to common stockholders (“NICS”) per the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income are the most appropriate earnings measures. Other useful supplemental measures of our operating performance include funds from operations attributable to common stockholders (“FFO”) and consolidated net operating income (“NOI”); however, these supplemental measures are not defined by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). Please refer to the section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for further discussion and reconciliations. These earnings measures are widely used by investors and analysts in the valuation, comparison and investment recommendations of companies. The following table reflects the recent historical trends of our operating performance measures for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended
	September 30,		June 30,		March 31,		December 31,		September 30,		June 30,		March 31,
	2020		2020		2020		2019		2019		2019		2019
Net income (loss)	$	394,978	$	159,216	$	329,380	$	240,136	$	647,932	$	150,040	$	292,302
NICS	325,585		179,246		310,284		224,324		589,876		137,762		280,470
FFO	185,014		335,597		356,124		476,298		352,378		390,021		358,383
NOI	402,157		527,711		576,821		600,302		610,545		618,979		601,438

Credit Strength We measure our credit strength both in terms of leverage ratios and coverage ratios. The leverage ratios indicate how much of our balance sheet capitalization is related to long-term debt, net of cash and Internal Revenue Code section 1031 deposits. The coverage ratios indicate our ability to service interest and fixed charges (interest, secured debt principal amortization and preferred dividends). We expect to maintain capitalization ratios and coverage ratios sufficient to maintain a capital structure consistent with our current profile. The coverage ratios are based on earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”). Please refer to the section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for further discussion and reconciliation of these measures. Leverage ratios and coverage ratios are widely used by investors, analysts and rating agencies in the valuation, comparison, investment recommendations and rating of companies. The following table reflects the recent historical trends for our credit strength measures for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended
	September 30,	June 30,	March 31,	December 31,	September 30,	June 30,	March 31,
	2020	2020	2020	2019	2019	2019	2019

Net debt to book capitalization ratio	41%	43%	44%	46%	45%	48%	43%
Net debt to undepreciated book capitalization ratio	34%	35%	37%	39%	38%	41%	36%
Net debt to market capitalization ratio	33%	36%	40%	30%	26%	30%	28%

Interest coverage ratio	6.23x	4.29x	5.42x	4.64x	7.61x	3.74x	4.80x
Fixed charge coverage ratio	5.52x	3.84x	4.88x	4.20x	6.96x	3.42x	4.38x

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Concentration Risk We evaluate our concentration risk in terms of NOI by property mix, relationship mix and geographic mix. Concentration risk is a valuable measure in understanding what portion of our NOI could be at risk if certain sectors were to experience downturns. Property mix measures the portion of our NOI that relates to our various property types. Relationship mix measures the portion of our NOI that relates to our current top five relationships. Geographic mix measures the portion of our NOI that relates to our current top five states (or international equivalents). The following table reflects our recent historical trends of concentration risk by NOI for the periods indicated below:


	Three Months Ended
	September 30,	June 30,	March 31,	December 31,	September 30,	June 30,	March 31,
	2020	2020	2020	2019	2019	2019	2019
Property mix:(1)
Seniors Housing Operating	43%	34%	42%	40%	42%	45%	44%
Triple-net	27%	42%	34%	38%	38%	37%	39%
Outpatient Medical	30%	24%	24%	22%	20%	18%	17%

Relationship mix: (1)
Sunrise Senior Living (2)	15%	10%	14%	14%	14%	14%	15%
ProMedica	13%	10%	9%	9%	9%	9%	9%
Revera (2)	6%	5%	6%	6%	6%	6%	6%
Avery Healthcare	5%	3%	3%	3%	3%	3%	3%
Sagora Senior Living	4%	3%	3%	3%	3%	3%	3%
Remaining relationships	57%	69%	65%	65%	65%	65%	64%

Geographic mix:(1)
California	17%	14%	15%	13%	14%	13%	13%
United Kingdom	12%	8%	9%	9%	8%	8%	9%
Texas	12%	10%	7%	9%	8%	8%	8%
Canada	8%	6%	7%	7%	7%	7%	7%
Florida	6%	5%	6%	6%	5%	5%	5%
Remaining geographic areas	45%	57%	56%	56%	58%	59%	58%

(1) Excludes our share of investments in unconsolidated entities and non-segment/corporate NOI. Entities in which we have a joint venture with a minority partner are shown at 100% of the joint venture amount.
(2) Revera owns a controlling interest in Sunrise Senior Living.

Lease Expirations The following table sets forth information regarding lease expirations for certain portions of our portfolio as of September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):


	Expiration Year (1)
	2020			2021			2022			2023			2024			2025			2026			2027			2028			2029			Thereafter
Triple-net:
Properties	26			7			10			2			4			28			72			18			15			15			440
Base rent (2)	$	26,447		$	12,550		$	7,881		$	840		$	11,262		$	25,687		$	87,128		$	35,574		$	22,557		$	31,309		$	506,445
% of base rent	3.4		%	1.6		%	1.0		%	0.1		%	1.5		%	3.3		%	11.3		%	4.6		%	2.9		%	4.1		%	66.2		%
Units/beds	1,987			1,316			1,102			1,337			692			1,759			5,451			2,350			1,633			1,429			45,984
% of Units/beds	3.1		%	2.0		%	1.7		%	2.1		%	1.1		%	2.7		%	8.4		%	3.6		%	2.5		%	2.2		%	70.6		%

Outpatient Medical:
Square feet	550,600			1,413,849			1,935,563			2,028,635			2,084,623			1,223,469			1,113,705			1,057,247			940,345			784,443			5,386,478
Base rent (2)	$	14,992		$	42,122		$	54,741		$	55,591		$	62,579		$	33,639		$	30,609		$	27,399		$	24,754		$	21,626		$	113,948
% of base rent	3.1		%	8.7		%	11.4		%	11.5		%	13.0		%	7.0		%	6.4		%	5.7		%	5.1		%	4.5		%	23.6		%
Leases	137			360			387			413			342			250			163			141			121			83			212
% of Leases	5.3		%	13.8		%	14.8		%	15.8		%	13.1		%	9.6		%	6.2		%	5.4		%	4.6		%	3.2		%	8.2		%

(1) Excludes investments in unconsolidated entities, developments, land parcels, loans receivable and sub-leases. Investments classified as held for sale are included in the current year.
(2) The most recent monthly cash base rent annualized. Base rent does not include tenant recoveries or amortization of above and below market lease intangibles or other non-cash income.

We evaluate our key performance indicators in conjunction with current expectations to determine if historical trends are indicative of future results. Our expected results may not be achieved and actual results may differ materially from our expectations. Factors that may cause actual results to differ from expected results are described in more detail in “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and other sections of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Management

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

regularly monitors economic and other factors to develop strategic and tactical plans designed to improve performance and maximize our competitive position. Our ability to achieve our financial objectives is dependent upon our ability to effectively execute these plans and to appropriately respond to emerging economic and company-specific trends. Please refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, under the headings “Business,” “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 for updated risk factors.

Corporate Governance

Maintaining investor confidence and trust is important in today’s business environment. Our Board of Directors and management are strongly committed to policies and procedures that reflect the highest level of ethical business practices. Our corporate governance guidelines provide the framework for our business operations and emphasize our commitment to increase stockholder value while meeting all applicable legal requirements. These guidelines meet the listing standards adopted by the New York Stock Exchange and are available on the Internet at www.welltower.com/investors/governance. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and our web address is included as an inactive textual reference only.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources and Uses of Cash


	Nine Months Ended				Change
	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		$		%
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	$	385,765	$	316,129	$	69,636	22	%
Cash provided from (used in) operating activities	1,109,584		1,209,900		(100,316)		-8	%
Cash provided from (used in) investing activities	2,329,745		(1,058,325)		3,388,070		320	%
Cash provided from (used in) financing activities	(1,666,195)		(132,533)		(1,533,662)		-1,157	%
Effect of foreign currency translation	(3,566)		(4,436)		870		20	%
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	2,155,333	$	330,735	$	1,824,598	552	%

Operating Activities The changes in net cash provided from operating activities are primarily attributable to declines in revenue and increases in property operating expenses, as well as the impact of short-term rent deferrals granted as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Please see “Results of Operations” for discussion of net income fluctuations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, cash flows provided from operations exceeded cash distributions to stockholders.

Investing Activities The changes in net cash provided from/used in investing activities are primarily attributable to net changes in real property investments and dispositions, loans receivable and investments in unconsolidated entities, which are summarized above in “Key Transactions” and Notes 3 and 5 of our unaudited consolidated financial statements. The following is a summary of cash used in non-acquisition capital improvement activities for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):


	Nine Months Ended				Change
	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		$
New development	$	126,699	$	258,113	$	(131,414)
Recurring capital expenditures, tenant improvements and lease commissions	61,047		86,488		(25,441)
Renovations, redevelopments and other capital improvements	122,277		119,925		2,352
Total	$	310,023	$	464,526	$	(154,503)

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The change in new development is primarily due to the number and size of construction projects on-going during the relevant periods. Renovations, redevelopments and other capital improvements include expenditures to maximize property value, increase net operating income, maintain a market-competitive position and/or achieve property stabilization.

Financing Activities The changes in net cash provided from/used in financing activities are primarily attributable to changes related to our long-term debt arrangements, the issuances of common stock and dividend payments which are summarized above in "Key Transactions". Please refer to Notes 10, 11 and 14 of our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.

On April 1, 2020, in response to uncertain financial market conditions arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, we undertook steps to strengthen our balance sheet and to enhance our liquidity by entering into a $1.0 billion two-year unsecured term loan. Additionally, on June 30, 2020, we completed the issuance of $600 million senior unsecured notes with a maturity date of January 2031. Net proceeds were used to fund tender offers for $426 million of our 3.75% senior unsecured notes due 2023 and our 3.95% senior unsecured notes due 2023, which settled on July 1, 2020. The remaining proceeds were used to reduce borrowings under the term loan by $140 million. As of September 30, 2020, we have total near-term available liquidity of approximately $4.6 billion. However, we are unable to accurately predict the full impact that the pandemic will have on our results from operations, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows due to numerous factors discussed in Part II Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

At September 30, 2020, we had investments in unconsolidated entities with our ownership generally ranging from 10% to 65%. We use financial derivative instruments to hedge interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate exposure. At September 30, 2020, we had 8 outstanding letter of credit obligations. Please see Notes 8, 12 and 13 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our payment requirements under contractual obligations as of September 30, 2020 (in thousands):


	Payments Due by Period
Contractual Obligations	Total		2020		2021-2022		2023-2024		Thereafter
Unsecured credit facility and commercial paper (1,2)	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Senior unsecured notes and term credit facilities: (2)
U.S. Dollar senior unsecured notes	8,273,752		—		—		2,023,752		6,250,000
Canadian Dollar senior unsecured notes (3)	225,175		—		—		—		225,175
Pounds Sterling senior unsecured notes (3)	1,356,705		—		—		—		1,356,705
U.S. Dollar term credit facility	1,370,000		—		870,000		500,000		—
Canadian Dollar term credit facility (3)	187,645		—		—		187,645		—
Secured debt: (2,3)
Consolidated	2,469,188		75,915		882,864		507,935		1,002,474
Unconsolidated	952,930		20,915		87,265		132,023		712,727
Contractual interest obligations: (4)
Unsecured credit facility and commercial paper	—		—		—		—		—
Senior unsecured notes and term loans (3)	3,954,897		123,819		829,951		745,026		2,256,101
Consolidated secured debt (3)	340,237		19,445		128,546		75,153		117,093
Unconsolidated secured debt (3)	194,536		7,987		60,686		54,609		71,254
Financing lease liabilities (5)	200,179		2,972		17,195		70,880		109,132
Operating lease liabilities (5)	1,032,932		5,305		40,848		38,607		948,172
Purchase obligations (6)	532,889		143,987		303,629		72,868		12,405

Total contractual obligations	$	21,091,065	$	400,345	$	3,220,984	$	4,408,498	$	13,061,238

(1) Relates to our unsecured credit facility and commercial paper with an aggregate commitment of $3,000,000,000. See Note 10 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.
(2) Amounts represent principal amounts due and do not reflect unamortized premiums/discounts or other fair value adjustments as reflected on the balance sheet.
(3) Based on foreign currency exchange rates in effect as of balance sheet date.
(4) Based on variable interest rates in effect as of balance sheet date.
(5) See Note 6 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.
(6) See Note 13 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Capital Structure

Please refer to “Credit Strength” above for a discussion of our leverage and coverage ratio trends. Our debt agreements contain various covenants, restrictions and events of default. Certain agreements require us to maintain financial ratios and minimum net worth and impose certain limits on our ability to incur indebtedness, create liens and make investments or acquisitions. As of September 30, 2020, we were in compliance with all of the covenants under our debt agreements. None of our debt agreements contain provisions for acceleration which could be triggered by our debt ratings. However, under our primary unsecured credit facility, the ratings on our senior unsecured notes are used to determine the fees and interest charged. We plan to manage the company to maintain compliance with our debt covenants and with a capital structure consistent with our current profile. Any downgrades in terms of ratings or outlook by any or all of the rating agencies could have a material adverse impact on our cost and availability of capital, which could have a material adverse impact on our consolidated results of operations, liquidity and/or financial condition.

On May 17, 2018, we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (1) an open-ended automatic or “universal” shelf registration statement covering an indeterminate amount of future offerings of debt securities, common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares, warrants and units and (2) a registration statement in connection with our enhanced dividend reinvestment plan (“DRIP”) under which we may issue up to 15,000,000 shares of common stock. As of October 23, 2020, 2,541,750 shares of common stock remained available for issuance under the DRIP registration statement. On February 25, 2019, we entered into separate amended and restated equity distribution agreements with each of Barclays Capital Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Credit Agricole Securities (USA) Inc., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, MUFG Securities Americas Inc., RBC Capital Markets, LLC, UBS Securities LLC and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC relating to the offer and sale from time to time of up to $1,500,000,000 aggregate amount of our common stock (“Equity Shelf Program”). The Equity Shelf Program also allows us to enter into forward sale agreements. As of October 23, 2020, we had $499,341,000 of remaining capacity under the Equity Shelf Program and there were no outstanding forward sales agreements. Depending upon market conditions, we anticipate issuing securities under our registration statements to invest in additional properties and to repay borrowings under our unsecured revolving credit facility and commercial paper program.

Results of Operations

Summary

Our primary sources of revenue include resident fees and services, rent and interest income. Our primary expenses include property operating expenses, depreciation and amortization, interest expense, general and administrative expenses and other expenses. We evaluate our business and make resource allocations on our three business segments: Seniors Housing Operating, Triple-net and Outpatient Medical. The primary performance measures for our properties are NOI and same store NOI ("SSNOI"), and other supplemental measures include FFO and EBITDA, which are further discussed below. Please see Non-GAAP Financial Measures for additional information and reconciliations. The following is a summary of our results of operations (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):


	Three Months Ended						Change					Nine Months Ended						Change
	September 30,			September 30,								September 30,			September 30,
	2020			2019			Amount			%		2020			2019			Amount			%
Net income	$	394,978		$	647,932		$	(252,954)		-39	%	$	883,574		$	1,090,274		$	(206,700)		-19	%
NICS	325,585			589,876			(264,291)			-45	%	815,115			1,008,108			(192,993)			-19	%
FFO	185,014			352,378			(167,364)			-47	%	876,735			1,100,782			(224,047)			-20	%
EBITDA	777,364			1,061,688			(284,324)			-27	%	2,082,171			2,286,403			(204,232)			-9	%
NOI	402,157			610,545			(208,388)			-34	%	1,506,689			1,830,962			(324,273)			-18	%
SSNOI	421,974			480,230			(58,256)			-12	%	1,142,628			1,270,094			(127,466)			-10	%
Per share data (fully diluted):
NICS	$	0.77		$	1.45		$	(0.68)		-47	%	$	1.94		$	2.51		$	(0.55)		-22	%
FFO	$	0.44		$	0.87		$	(0.43)		-49	%	$	2.10		$	2.74		$	(0.64)		-23	%

Interest coverage ratio	6.23		x	7.61		x	(1.38)		x	-18	%	5.31		x	5.36		x	(0.05)		x	-1	%
Fixed charge coverage ratio	5.52		x	6.96		x	(1.44)		x	-21	%	4.74		x	4.90		x	(0.16)		x	-3	%

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Seniors Housing Operating

The following is a summary of our SSNOI at Welltower's Share for the Seniors Housing Operating segment (dollars in thousands):


	QTD Pool								YTD Pool
	Three Months Ended				Change				Nine Months Ended				Change
	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		$		%		September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		$		%
SSNOI (1)	$	161,601	$	220,797	$	(59,196)	-26.8	%	$	461,268	$	577,971	$	(116,703)	-20.2	%

(1) For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, amounts relate to 512 and 402 same store properties, respectively. Please see Non-GAAP Financial Measures for additional information and reconciliations.

The following is a summary of our results of operations for the Seniors Housing Operating segment (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Change				Nine Months Ended				Change
	September 30,		September 30,						September 30,		September 30,
	2020		2019		$		%		2020		2019		$		%
Revenues:
Resident fees and services	$	740,956	$	834,121	$	(93,165)	-11	%	$	2,360,488	$	2,616,491	$	(256,003)	-10	%
Interest income	113		—		113		n/a		305		—		305		n/a
Other income	996		1,375		(379)		-28	%	6,050		6,920		(870)		-13	%
Total revenues	742,065		835,496		(93,431)		-11	%	2,366,843		2,623,411		(256,568)		-10	%
Property operating expenses	567,704		581,341		(13,637)		-2	%	1,771,088		1,826,344		(55,256)		-3	%
NOI (1)	174,361		254,155		(79,794)		-31	%	595,755		797,067		(201,312)		-25	%
Other expenses:
Depreciation and amortization	133,224		148,126		(14,902)		-10	%	419,161		416,252		2,909		1	%
Interest expense	12,728		16,356		(3,628)		-22	%	43,191		52,179		(8,988)		-17	%
Loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt, net	—		1,450		(1,450)		-100	%	(492)		1,450		(1,942)		-134	%
Provision for loan losses	86		—		86		n/a		86		—		86		n/a
Impairment of assets	12,778		2,599		10,179		392	%	91,424		2,599		88,825		3,418	%
Other expenses	6,488		4,274		2,214		52	%	13,463		19,077		(5,614)		-29	%
	165,304		172,805		(7,501)		-4	%	566,833		491,557		75,276		15	%
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and other items	9,057		81,350		(72,293)		-89	%	28,922		305,510		(276,588)		-91	%

Income (loss) from unconsolidated entities	(7,678)		(3,859)		(3,819)		-99	%	(25,489)		(37,892)		12,403		33	%
Gain (loss) on real estate dispositions, net	313,319		519,203		(205,884)		n/a		327,635		518,493		(190,858)		n/a
Income from continuing operations	314,698		596,694		(281,996)		-47	%	331,068		786,111		(455,043)		-58	%
Net income (loss)	314,698		596,694		(281,996)		-47	%	331,068		786,111		(455,043)		-58	%
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	60,642		46,849		13,793		n/a		32,554		50,826		(18,272)		n/a
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	254,056	$	549,845	$	(295,789)	-54	%	$	298,514	$	735,285	$	(436,771)	-59	%

(1) See Non-GAAP Financial Measures below.

Decreases in resident fees and services and property operating expenses are primarily a result of dispositions and decreases in occupancy across the portfolio due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Occupancy within our Seniors Housing Operating portfolio has declined as follows:


	February		March		April		May		June		July		August		September
Spot occupancy (1)	85.6	%	84.8	%	82.5	%	80.8	%	79.9	%	79.2	%	78.7	%	78.4	%
Sequential occupancy change			(0.8)	%	(2.3)	%	(1.7)	%	(0.9)	%	(0.7)	%	(0.5)	%	(0.3)	%

In addition, we have experienced increased operational costs, net of reimbursements, of $18,192,000 and $68,327,000 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, included in property operating expenses as a result of the introduction of public health measures and other regulations affecting our properties, as well as additional health and safety measures adopted by us and our operators related to the COVID-19 pandemic, including increases in labor and property cleaning expenses and expenditures related to our efforts to procure PPE and supplies, net of reimbursements.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The fluctuations in depreciation and amortization are due to acquisitions and dispositions and variations in amortization of short-lived intangible assets. To the extent that we acquire or dispose of additional properties in the future, these amounts will change accordingly.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded impairment charges of $91,424,000 related to 13 held for sale or sold properties and four held for use properties. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded impairment charges of $2,599,000 related to four held for use properties. Transaction costs related to asset acquisitions are capitalized as a component of the purchase price. Changes in the gain on sales of properties are related to the volume and timing of property sales and the sales prices. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized a gain on real estate disposition of $313 million related to an 11 property U.S. portfolio. During the three months ended September 30, 2019 we recognized a gain on real estate disposition of $520 million related to the Benchmark portfolio. The fluctuation in other expenses is primarily due to the timing of noncapitalizable transaction costs associated with acquisitions and operator transitions.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we completed three Seniors Housing Operating construction projects representing $93,188,000 or $300,606 per unit. The following is a summary of our Seniors Housing Operating construction projects, excluding expansions, pending as of September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):


Location	Units	Commitment		Balance		Est. Completion
Potomac, MD	120	$	56,720	$	45,938	4Q20
Beckenham, UK	100	60,858		36,990		3Q21
Barnet, UK	100	66,543		35,200		4Q21
Hendon, UK	102	72,099		41,585		1Q22
	422	$	256,220	159,713
Toronto, ON	Project in planning stage			44,402
Brookline, MA	Project in planning stage			21,987
Washington, DC	Project in planning stage			22,437
				$	248,539

Interest expense represents secured debt interest expense which fluctuates based on the net effect and timing of assumptions, segment transitions, fluctuations in foreign currency rates, extinguishments and principal amortizations. The following is a summary of our Seniors Housing Operating segment property secured debt principal activity (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020				September 30, 2019				September 30, 2020				September 30, 2019
			Wtd. Avg.				Wtd. Avg.				Wtd. Avg.				Wtd. Avg.
	Amount		Interest Rate		Amount		Interest Rate		Amount		Interest Rate		Amount		Interest Rate
Beginning balance	$	1,779,625	2.91	%	$	2,018,180	3.80	%	$	2,115,037	3.54	%	$	1,810,587	3.87	%

Debt issued	—		—	%	22,885		3.95	%	44,921		2.58	%	318,854		3.51	%
Debt assumed	—		—	%	—		—	%	—		—	%	42,000		4.62	%
Debt extinguished	—		—	%	(42,131)		4.15	%	(306,238)		2.90	%	(193,604)		4.37	%
Debt transferred	—		—	%	(12,072)		3.89	%	—		—	%	(12,072)		3.89	%

Principal payments	(12,249)		3.15	%	(10,556)		3.49	%	(36,025)		3.25	%	(32,987)		3.38	%
Foreign currency	22,609		2.94	%	(12,614)		3.34	%	(27,710)		3.15	%	30,914		3.21	%
Ending balance	$	1,789,985	2.91	%	$	1,963,692	3.58	%	$	1,789,985	2.91	%	$	1,963,692	3.58	%

Monthly averages	$	1,794,932	2.91	%	$	1,980,216	3.67	%	$	1,971,507	3.21	%	$	1,955,651	3.76	%

The majority of our Seniors Housing Operating properties are formed through partnership interests. Losses from unconsolidated entities are largely attributable to depreciation and amortization of short-lived intangible assets related to certain investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, as well as the disposal of an investment in an unconsolidated entity during the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests represents our partners’ share of net income (loss) related to joint ventures. The increase during the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, relates primarily to our partner's share of the gains recognized on the sale of the 11 property U.S. portfolio and the sale of the Benchmark portfolio, respectively. During the nine month period ended September 30, 2020, these gains in partners' share of gains on dispositions are partially offset by our partners' share of impairment charges recognized.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Triple-net

The following is a summary of our SSNOI at Welltower's Share for the Triple-net segment (dollars in thousands):


	QTD Pool								YTD Pool
	Three Months Ended				Change				Nine Months Ended				Change
	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		$		%		September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		$		%
SSNOI (1)	$	175,436	$	175,185	$	251	0.1	%	$	478,577	$	494,328	$	(15,751)	-3.2	%

(1) For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, amounts relate to 649 and 630 same store properties, respectively. Please see Non-GAAP Financial Measures for additional information and reconciliations.

The following is a summary of our results of operations for the Triple-net segment (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Change				Nine Months Ended				Change
	September 30,		September 30,						September 30,		September 30,
	2020		2019		$		%		2020		2019		$		%
Revenues:
Rental income	$	103,938	$	227,499	$	(123,561)	-54	%	$	512,815	$	681,893	$	(169,078)	-25	%
Interest income	15,877		15,279		598		4	%	46,068		47,343		(1,275)		-3	%
Other income	1,113		1,829		(716)		-39	%	3,393		4,370		(977)		-22	%
Total revenues	120,928		244,607		(123,679)		-51	%	562,276		733,606		(171,330)		-23	%
Property operating expenses	12,567		13,922		(1,355)		-10	%	39,432		41,700		(2,268)		-5	%
NOI (1)	108,361		230,685		(122,324)		-53	%	522,844		691,906		(169,062)		-24	%
Other expenses:
Depreciation and amortization	58,157		57,147		1,010		2	%	173,989		174,551		(562)		—	%
Interest expense	2,070		3,076		(1,006)		-33	%	7,668		9,741		(2,073)		-21	%
Loss (gain) on derivatives and financial instruments, net	1,395		1,244		151		12	%	10,480		670		9,810		n/a

Provision for loan losses	372		—		372		n/a		8,895		18,690		(9,795)		-52	%
Impairment of assets	10,535		12,314		(1,779)		-14	%	34,867		11,374		23,493		n/a
Other expenses	2,805		(2,496)		5,301		212	%	6,818		6,093		725		12	%
	75,334		71,285		4,049		6	%	242,717		221,119		21,598		10	%
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and other items	33,027		159,400		(126,373)		-79	%	280,127		470,787		(190,660)		-40	%

Income (loss) from unconsolidated entities	(423)		5,276		(5,699)		-108	%	11,776		17,512		(5,736)		-33	%
Gain (loss) on real estate dispositions, net	(619)		51,529		(52,148)		-101	%	51,166		217,973		(166,807)		-77	%
Income from continuing operations	31,985		216,205		(184,220)		-85	%	343,069		706,272		(363,203)		-51	%
Net income	31,985		216,205		(184,220)		-85	%	343,069		706,272		(363,203)		-51	%
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	8,597		9,096		(499)		-5	%	36,275		27,422		8,853		32	%
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	23,388	$	207,109	$	(183,721)	-89	%	$	306,794	$	678,850	$	(372,056)	-55	%

(1) See Non-GAAP Financial Measures below.

The decrease in rental income is primarily attributable to the write off of straight-line rent receivables balances of $112,398,000 and $146,508,000 during the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2020, respectively, relating to leases for which collection of substantially all contractual lease payments was no longer deemed probable. Included in such amounts was $91,025,000 relating to Genesis Healthcare whom noted substantial doubt as to their ability to continue as a going concern in August. Certain of our leases contain annual rental escalators that are contingent upon changes in the Consumer Price Index and/or changes in the gross operating revenues of the tenant’s properties. These escalators are not fixed, so no straight-line rent is recorded; however, rental income is recorded based on the contractual cash rental payments due for the period. If gross operating revenues at our facilities and/or the Consumer Price Index do not increase, a portion of our revenues may not continue to increase. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, we had 17 leases with rental rate increases ranging from 0.10% to 0.66% in our Triple-net portfolio. Our Triple-net operators are experiencing similar impacts on occupancy and operating costs due to the COVID-19 pandemic as described above with respect to our Seniors Housing Operating properties. However, long-term/post-acute facilities are generally experiencing a higher degree of occupancy declines which may impact the ability of our Triple-net operators to make contractual rent payments to us in the future. Many of our Triple-net operators received funds under the CARES Act Paycheck Protection Program. In addition, operators of long-term/post-acute facilities have generally received funds from Phase 1 of the Provider Relief Fund and operators of assisted living facilities are generally expecting funds from Phase 2 of the Provider Relief Fund. Accordingly, collection of rent due during the

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

COVID-19 pandemic to date (from March to September) have generally been consistent with historical collection rates and no significant rent concessions or deferrals have been made to date.

Depreciation and amortization fluctuates as a result of the acquisitions, dispositions and transitions of triple-net properties. To the extent we acquire or dispose of additional properties in the future, our provision for depreciation and amortization will change accordingly.

In March 2019, we recognized a provision for loan losses of $18,690,000 to fully reserve for certain real estate loans receivable that were no longer deemed collectible. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recognized a provision for loan losses of $8,201,000 to fully reserve for one real estate loan receivable and one non-real estate loan receivable that were no longer deemed collectible. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we recorded impairment charges of $34,867,000 related to one held for sale and four held for use properties. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recorded impairment charges of $11,374,000 related to two properties. Changes in the gain on sales of properties are related to the volume and timing of property sales and the sales prices. Transaction costs related to asset acquisitions are capitalized as a component of purchase price. The fluctuation in other expenses is primarily due to noncapitalizable transaction costs from acquisitions and segment transitions.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we completed two Triple-net construction project representing $59,201,000 or $224,246 per unit. The following is a summary of Triple-net construction projects, excluding expansions, pending as of September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):


Location	Units/Beds	Commitment		Balance		Est. Completion
Thousand Oaks, CA	82	$	24,870	$	18,157	4Q20
Droitwich, UK	70	16,364		14,339		4Q20
Redhill, UK	76	20,544		11,118		2Q21
Leicester, UK	60	14,472		4,491		1Q22
Wombourne, UK	66	15,505		4,062		2Q22
	354	$	91,755	$	52,167

The fluctuation in loss (gain) on derivatives and financial instruments, net is primarily attributable to the mark-to-market adjustment recorded on our Genesis Healthcare available-for-sale investment. Interest expense represents secured debt interest expense and related fees. The change in secured debt interest expense is due to the net effect and timing of assumptions, segment transitions, fluctuations in foreign currency rates, extinguishments and principal amortizations. The following is a summary of our Triple-net secured debt principal activity for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020				September 30, 2019				September 30, 2020				September 30, 2019
			Wtd. Avg.				Wtd. Avg.				Wtd. Avg.				Wtd. Avg.
	Amount		Interest Rate		Amount		Interest Rate		Amount		Interest Rate		Amount		Interest Rate
Beginning balance	$	289,321	3.27	%	$	287,952	3.63	%	$	306,038	3.60	%	$	288,386	3.63	%



Debt extinguished	(176,875)		2.03	%	—		—	%	(176,875)		2.03	%	—		—	%
Debt transferred	—		—	%	12,072		3.89	%	—		—	%	12,072		3.89	%

Principal payments	(1,101)		5.16	%	(1,037)		5.17	%	(3,203)		5.16	%	(2,945)		5.22	%
Foreign currency	11,341		2.35	%	(5,986)		2.95	%	(3,274)		3.53	%	(4,512)		3.23	%
Ending balance	$	122,686	4.91	%	$	293,001	3.64	%	$	122,686	4.91	%	$	293,001	3.64	%
			0.0355003165979432
Monthly averages	$	164,836	4.19	%	$	291,300	3.64	%	$	242,312	3.69	%	$	291,475	3.63	%

A portion of our Triple-net properties were formed through partnerships. Income or loss from unconsolidated entities represents our share of net income or losses from partnerships where we are the noncontrolling partner. The decrease in income from unconsolidated entities during the three months ended September 30, 2020 is primarily related to the write-off of Genesis Healthcare straight-line rent receivable balances at unconsolidated entities. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests represents our partners’ share of net income relating to those partnerships where we are the controlling partner. The increase during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, relates primarily to our partner's share of gains on disposal of properties.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Outpatient Medical

The following is a summary of our SSNOI at Welltower Share for the Outpatient Medical segment (dollars in thousands):


	QTD Pool								YTD Pool
	Three Months Ended				Change				Nine Months Ended				Change
	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		$		%		September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		$		%
SSNOI (1)	$	84,937	$	84,248	$	689	0.8	%	$	202,783	$	197,795	$	4,988	2.5	%

(1) For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, amounts relate to 294 and 232 same store properties, respectively. Please see Non-GAAP Financial Measures for additional information and reconciliations.

The following is a summary of our results of operations for the Outpatient Medical segment for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Change				Nine Months Ended				Change
	September 30,		September 30,						September 30,		September 30,
	2020		2019		$		%		2020		2019		$		%
Revenues:
Rental income	$	171,108	$	184,648	$	(13,540)	-7	%	$	548,496	$	496,924	$	51,572	10	%
Interest income	760		358		402		112	%	1,687		769		918		119	%
Other income	836		183		653		357	%	2,681		322		2,359		733	%
Total revenues	172,704		185,189		(12,485)		-7	%	552,864		498,015		54,849		11	%
Property operating expenses	52,728		60,325		(7,597)		-13	%	165,024		159,478		5,546		3	%
NOI (1)	119,976		124,864		(4,888)		-4	%	387,840		338,537		49,303		15	%
Other expenses:
Depreciation and amortization	64,151		67,172		(3,021)		-4	%	202,554		173,626		28,928		17	%
Interest expense	4,287		3,363		924		27	%	13,421		10,097		3,324		33	%
Loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt, net	—		—		—		n/a		741		—		741		n/a
Provision for loan losses	2,399		—		2,399		n/a		2,370		—		2,370		n/a
Impairment of assets	—		3,183		(3,183)		-100	%	—		14,062		(14,062)		-100	%
Other expenses	781		524		257		49	%	8,244		1,274		6,970		547	%
	71,618		74,242		(2,624)		-4	%	227,330		199,059		28,271		14	%
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and other items	48,358		50,622		(2,264)		-4	%	160,510		139,478		21,032		15	%

Income (loss) from unconsolidated entities	2,120		1,845		275		15	%	5,372		5,394		(22)		—	%
Gain (loss) on real estate dispositions, net	171,604		(482)		172,086		n/a		524,190		(489)		524,679		n/a
Income from continuing operations	222,082		51,985		170,097		327	%	690,072		144,383		545,689		378	%
Net income (loss)	222,082		51,985		170,097		327	%	690,072		144,383		545,689		378	%
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	154		2,111		(1,957)		-93	%	(370)		3,918		(4,288)		-109	%
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	221,928	$	49,874	$	172,054	345	%	$	690,442	$	140,465	$	549,977	392	%

(1) See Non-GAAP Financial Measures.

Rental income has decreased for the three month period ending September 30, 2020 due primarily to significant dispositions that have closed during second and third quarters of the current year. The increase in rental income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 is primarily attributable to acquisitions of new properties and the conversion of newly constructed outpatient medical properties, particularly the $1.25 billion CNL Healthcare Properties portfolio acquisition that closed in May 2019, partially offset by 2020 dispositions. Certain of our leases contain annual rental escalators that are contingent upon changes in the Consumer Price Index. These escalators are not fixed, so no straight-line rent is recorded; however, rental income is recorded based on the contractual cash rental payments due for the period. If the Consumer Price Index does not increase, a portion of our revenues may not continue to increase. Our leases could renew above or below current rental rates, resulting in an increase or decrease in rental income. For the three months ended September 30, 2020, our consolidated outpatient medical portfolio signed 146,538 square feet of new leases and 411,113 square feet of renewals. The weighted-average term of these leases was six years, with a rate of $32.71 per square foot and tenant improvement and lease commission costs of $18.01 per square foot. Substantially all of these leases contain an annual fixed or contingent escalation rent structure ranging from 1.5% to 3.5%. In addition, our Outpatient Medical tenants are experiencing temporary medical practice closures or decreases in revenue due to government imposed restrictions on elective medical procedures or decisions by patients to delay treatments which may adversely effect their ability to make contractual rent payments. We have either collected or approved

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

short term deferrals for over 99% of rent due in the third quarter, consisting of 97% cash collections and 2% of short term deferrals. In most cases, unless local ordinances mandate otherwise, the deferred rent represents two months of rent with expected repayment by the end of the year. Furthermore, collections of deferred rent due in the third quarter under executed deferrals was over 99%.

The fluctuation in property operating expenses and depreciation and amortization are primarily attributable to acquisitions and construction conversions of outpatient medical facilities, offset by dispositions. To the extent that we acquire or dispose of additional properties in the future, these amounts will change accordingly. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we recognized impairment charges $14,062,000 related to three held for sale properties as the carrying values exceeded the estimated fair values less costs to sell. Changes in gains/losses on sales of properties are related to volume of property sales and the sales prices. The increase in other expense during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 is primarily due to noncapitalizable transaction costs from acquisitions no longer expected to be consummated.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we completed three Outpatient Medical construction projects representing $43,493,000 or $306 per square foot. The following is a summary of the Outpatient Medical construction projects, excluding expansions, pending as of September 30, 2020 (dollars in thousands):


Location	Square Feet	Commitment		Balance		Est. Completion
Brooklyn, NY	140,955	$	105,306	$	99,616	1Q21
Kalamazoo, MI	40,607	14,267		946		3Q21
	181,562	$	119,573	$	100,562

Total interest expense represents secured debt interest expense. The change in secured debt interest expense is primarily due to the net effect and timing of assumptions, extinguishments and principal amortizations. The following is a summary of our outpatient medical secured debt principal activity (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended								Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020				September 30, 2019				September 30, 2020				September 30, 2019
			Wtd. Ave				Wtd. Ave				Wtd. Ave				Wtd. Ave
	Amount		Interest Rate		Amount		Interest Rate		Amount		Interest Rate		Amount		Interest Rate
Beginning balance	$	559,043	3.59	%	$	383,850	4.22	%	$	572,267	3.97	%	$	386,738	4.20	%



Debt extinguished	—		—	%	—		—	%	(8,393)		4.40	%	—		—	%


Principal payments	(2,526)		4.62	%	(1,528)		4.97	%	(7,357)		4.63	%	(4,416)		5.03	%

Ending balance	$	556,517	3.58	%	$	382,322	4.09	%	$	556,517	3.58	%	$	382,322	4.09	%

Monthly averages	$	557,773	3.58	%	$	383,084	4.17	%	$	565,331	3.77	%	$	384,590	4.21	%

A portion of our Outpatient Medical properties were formed through partnerships. Income or loss from unconsolidated entities represents our share of net income or losses from partnerships where we are the noncontrolling partner. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests represents our partners’ share of net income or loss relating to those partnerships where we are the controlling partner.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Non-Segment/Corporate

The following is a summary of our results of operations for the Non-Segment/Corporate activities for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Change				Nine Months Ended				Change
	September 30,		September 30,						September 30,		September 30,
	2020		2019		$		%		2020		2019		$		%
Revenues:

Other income	$	1,177	$	841	$	336	40	%	$	1,968	$	3,452	$	(1,484)	-43	%
Total revenue	1,177		841		336		40	%	1,968		3,452		(1,484)		-43	%
Property operating expenses	1,718		—		1,718		n/a		1,718		—		1,718		n/a
NOI (1)	(541)		841		(1,382)		-164	%	250		3,452		(3,202)		-93	%
Expenses:
Interest expense	105,766		114,548		(8,782)		-8	%	328,935		351,894		(22,959)		-7	%
General and administrative expenses	31,003		31,019		(16)		—	%	100,546		100,042		504		1	%
Loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt, net	33,004		64,374		(31,370)		-49	%	33,004		80,093		(47,089)		-59	%
Other expenses	1,470		3,884		(2,414)		-62	%	8,722		10,126		(1,404)		-14	%
	171,243		213,825		(42,582)		-20	%	471,207		542,155		(70,948)		-13	%
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes and other items	(171,784)		(212,984)		41,200		19	%	(470,957)		(538,703)		67,746		13	%
Income tax (expense) benefit	(2,003)		(3,968)		1,965		50	%	(9,678)		(7,789)		(1,889)		-24	%

Loss from continuing operations	(173,787)		(216,952)		43,165		20	%	(480,635)		(546,492)		65,857		12	%


Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(173,787)	$	(216,952)	$	43,165	20	%	$	(480,635)	$	(546,492)	$	65,857	12	%

(1) See Non-GAAP Financial Measures.

Property operating expenses represent insurance costs related to our captive insurance company formed as of July 1, 2020 which acts as a direct insurer of property level insurance coverage for our portfolio.

The following is a summary of our Non-Segment/Corporate interest expense or the periods presented (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Change				Nine Months Ended				Change
	September 30,		September 30,						September 30,		September 30,
	2020		2019		$		%		2020		2019		$		%
Senior unsecured notes	$	100,354	$	100,356	$	(2)	—	%	$	302,029	$	307,587	$	(5,558)	-2	%

Unsecured credit facility and commercial paper program	1,156		10,300		(9,144)		-89	%	14,140		32,978		(18,838)		-57	%
Loan expense	4,256		3,892		364		9	%	12,766		11,329		1,437		13	%
Totals	$	105,766	$	114,548	$	(8,782)	-8	%	$	328,935	$	351,894	$	(22,959)	-7	%

The change in interest expense on senior unsecured notes is due to the net effect of issuances and extinguishments, as well as the movement in foreign exchange rates and related hedge activity. Please refer to Note 11 for additional information. The change in interest expense on our unsecured revolving credit facility and commercial paper program is due primarily to the net effect and timing of draws, paydowns and variable interest rate changes. Please refer to Note 10 for additional information regarding our unsecured revolving credit facility and commercial paper program. The loss on extinguishment recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 is due primarily to the early extinguishment of $160,872,000 of our 3.75% senior unsecured notes due March 2023 and $265,376,000 of our 3.95% senior unsecured notes due September 2023. The loss on extinguishment recognized during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 is due primarily to the early extinguishment of the $600,000,000 of 4.125% senior unsecured notes due 2019 and the $450,000,000 of 6.125% senior unsecured notes due 2020 in March 2019, and the early extinguishment of the $450,000,000 of 4.95% senior unsecured notes due 2021 and $600,000,000 of 5.25% senior unsecured notes due 2022 in September 2019.

General and administrative expenses as a percentage of consolidated revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 were 2.99% and 2.45%, respectively. The provision for income taxes primarily relates to state taxes, foreign taxes and taxes based on income generated by entities that are structured as TRSs.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We believe that net income and net income attributable to common stockholders (“NICS”), as defined by U.S. GAAP, are the most appropriate earnings measurements. However, we consider FFO, NOI, SSNOI, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to be useful supplemental measures of our operating performance. Historical cost accounting for real estate assets in accordance with U.S. GAAP implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time as evidenced by the provision for depreciation. However, since real estate values have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, many industry investors and analysts have considered presentations of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting to be insufficient. In response, the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) created funds from operations attributable to common stockholders (“FFO”) as a supplemental measure of operating performance for REITs that excludes historical cost depreciation from net income. FFO, as defined by NAREIT, means NICS, computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP, excluding gains (or losses) from sales of real estate and impairment of depreciable assets, plus depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated entities and noncontrolling interests.

Consolidated net operating income (“NOI”) is used to evaluate the operating performance of our properties. We define NOI as total revenues, including tenant reimbursements, less property operating expenses. Property operating expenses represent costs associated with managing, maintaining and servicing tenants for our properties. These expenses include, but are not limited to, property-related payroll and benefits, property management fees paid to operators, marketing, housekeeping, food service, maintenance, utilities, property taxes and insurance. General and administrative expenses represent costs unrelated to property operations. These expenses include, but are not limited to, payroll and benefits, professional services, office expenses and depreciation of corporate fixed assets. Same store NOI (“SSNOI”) is used to evaluate the operating performance of our properties using a consistent population which controls for changes in the composition of our portfolio. We believe the drivers of property level NOI for both consolidated properties and unconsolidated properties are generally the same and therefore, we evaluate SSNOI based on our ownership interest in each property ("Welltower Share"). To arrive at Welltower's Share, NOI is adjusted by adding our minority ownership share related to unconsolidated properties and by subtracting the minority partners' noncontrolling ownership interests for consolidated properties. We do not control investments in unconsolidated properties and while we consider disclosures at Welltower Share to be useful, they may not accurately depict the legal and economic implications of our joint venture arrangements and should be used with caution. As used herein, same store is generally defined as those revenue-generating properties in the portfolio for the relevant year-over-year reporting periods. Acquisitions and development conversions are included in SSNOI five full quarters or seven full quarters after acquisition or being placed into service for the QTD Pool and the YTD Pool, respectively. Land parcels, loans and sub-leases, as well as any properties sold or classified as held for sale during the respective periods are excluded from SSNOI. Redeveloped properties (including major refurbishments of a Seniors Housing Operating property where 20% or more of units are simultaneously taken out of commission for 30 days or more or Outpatient Medical properties undergoing a change in intended use) are excluded from SSNOI until five full quarters or seven full quarters post completion of the redevelopment for the QTD Pool and YTD Pool, respectively. Properties undergoing operator transitions and/or segment transitions are also excluded from SSNOI until five full quarters or seven full quarters post completion of the transition for the QTD Pool and YTD Pool, respectively. In addition, properties significantly impacted by force majeure, acts of God, or other extraordinary adverse events are excluded from SSNOI until five full quarters or seven full quarters after the properties are placed back into service for the QTD Pool and YTD Pool, respectively. SSNOI excludes non-cash NOI and includes adjustments to present consistent ownership percentages and to translate Canadian properties and UK properties using a consistent exchange rate. We believe NOI and SSNOI provide investors relevant and useful information because they measure the operating performance of our properties at the property level on an unleveraged basis. We use NOI and SSNOI to make decisions about resource allocations and to assess the property level performance of our properties.

EBITDA is defined as earnings (net income) before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA excluding unconsolidated entities and including adjustments for stock-based compensation expense, provision for loan losses, gains/losses on extinguishment of debt, gains/loss/impairments on properties, gains/losses on derivatives and financial instruments, other expense, additional other income and other impairment charges. We believe that EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, along with net income, are important supplemental measures because they provide additional information to assess and evaluate the performance of our operations. We primarily use these measures to determine our interest coverage ratio, which represents EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA divided by total interest, and our fixed charge coverage ratio, which represents EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA divided by fixed charges. Fixed charges include total interest and secured debt principal amortization. Covenants in our unsecured senior notes and primary credit facility contain financial ratios based on a definition of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA that is specific to those agreements. Our leverage ratios are defined as the proportion of net debt to total capitalization and include book capitalization, undepreciated book capitalization and market capitalization. Book capitalization represents the sum of net debt (defined as total long-term debt, excluding operating lease liabilities, less cash and cash equivalents and any IRC Section 1031 deposits), total equity and redeemable noncontrolling

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

interests. Undepreciated book capitalization represents book capitalization adjusted for accumulated depreciation and amortization. Market capitalization represents book capitalization adjusted for the fair market value of our common stock.

Our supplemental reporting measures and similarly entitled financial measures are widely used by investors, equity and debt analysts and rating agencies in the valuation, comparison, rating and investment recommendations of companies. Management uses these financial measures to facilitate internal and external comparisons to our historical operating results and in making operating decisions. Additionally, these measures are utilized by the Board of Directors to evaluate management. None of our supplemental measures represent net income or cash flow provided from operating activities as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP and should not be considered as alternative measures of profitability or liquidity. Finally, the supplemental measures, as defined by us, may not be comparable to similarly entitled items reported by other real estate investment trusts or other companies.


	Three Months Ended
	September 30,		June 30,		March 31,		December 31,		September 30,		June 30,		March 31,
NOI Reconciliations:	2020		2020		2020		2019		2019		2019		2019
Net income (loss)	$	394,978	$	159,216	$	329,380	$	240,136	$	647,932	$	150,040	$	292,302
Loss (gain) on real estate dispositions, net	(484,304)		(155,863)		(262,824)		(12,064)		(570,250)		1,682		(167,409)
Loss (income) from unconsolidated entities	5,981		(1,332)		3,692		(57,420)		(3,262)		9,049		9,199
Income tax expense (benefit)	2,003		2,233		5,442		(4,832)		3,968		1,599		2,222
Other expenses	11,544		19,411		6,292		16,042		6,186		21,628		8,756
Impairment of assets	23,313		75,151		27,827		98		18,096		9,939		—
Provision for loan losses	2,857		1,422		7,072		—		—		—		18,690
Loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt, net	33,004		249		—		2,612		65,824		—		15,719
Loss (gain) on derivatives and financial instruments, net	1,395		1,434		7,651		(5,069)		1,244		1,913		(2,487)
General and administrative expenses	31,003		34,062		35,481		26,507		31,019		33,741		35,282
Depreciation and amortization	255,532		265,371		274,801		262,644		272,445		248,052		243,932
Interest expense	124,851		126,357		142,007		131,648		137,343		141,336		145,232
Consolidated net operating income (NOI)	$	402,157	$	527,711	$	576,821	$	600,302	$	610,545	$	618,979	$	601,438

NOI by segment:
Seniors Housing Operating	$	174,361	$	178,137	$	243,257	$	242,453	$	254,155	$	278,212	$	264,700
Triple-net	108,361		220,056		194,427		226,837		230,685		227,935		233,286
Outpatient Medical	119,976		129,143		138,721		130,498		124,864		112,378		101,295
Non-segment/corporate	(541)		375		416		514		841		454		2,157
Total NOI	$	402,157	$	527,711	$	576,821	$	600,302	$	610,545	$	618,979	$	601,438

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019
NOI Reconciliations:
Net income (loss)	$	883,574	$	1,090,274
Loss (gain) on real estate dispositions, net	(902,991)		(735,977)
Loss (income) from unconsolidated entities	8,341		14,986
Income tax expense (benefit)	9,678		7,789
Other expenses	37,247		36,570
Impairment of assets	126,291		28,035
Provision for loan losses	11,351		18,690
Loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt, net	33,253		81,543
Loss (gain) on derivatives and financial instruments, net	10,480		670
General and administrative expenses	100,546		100,042
Depreciation and amortization	795,704		764,429
Interest expense	393,215		423,911
Consolidated net operating income (NOI)	$	1,506,689	$	1,830,962

NOI by segment:
Seniors Housing Operating	$	595,755	$	797,067
Triple-net	522,844		691,906
Outpatient Medical	387,840		338,537
Non-segment/corporate	250		3,452
Total NOI	$	1,506,689	$	1,830,962

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


	QTD Pool				YTD Pool
	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
SSNOI Reconciliations:	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019		September 30, 2020		September 30, 2019

Seniors Housing Operating:
Consolidated NOI	$	174,361	$	254,155	$	595,755	$	797,067
NOI attributable to unconsolidated investments	12,323		16,434		40,554		48,896
NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests	(11,306)		(20,120)		(40,804)		(61,990)

NOI attributable to non-same store properties	(13,227)		(27,331)		(135,172)		(208,045)
Non-cash NOI attributable to same store properties	(1,008)		(3,880)		(2,872)		(3,462)
Currency and ownership adjustments (1)	458		1,539		3,807		5,505
SSNOI at Welltower Share	161,601		220,797		461,268		577,971

Triple-net:
Consolidated NOI	108,361		230,685		522,844		691,906
NOI attributable to unconsolidated investments	(1,288)		5,133		8,978		15,399
NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests	(14,328)		(14,581)		(44,080)		(43,717)

NOI attributable to non-same store properties	(26,916)		(31,053)		(91,869)		(123,923)
Non-cash NOI attributable to same store properties	109,451		(16,015)		81,605		(46,137)
Currency and ownership adjustments (1)	156		1,016		1,099		800
SSNOI at Welltower Share	175,436		175,185		478,577		494,328

Outpatient Medical:
Consolidated NOI	119,976		124,864		387,840		338,537
NOI attributable to unconsolidated investments	2,624		390		6,148		1,007
NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests	(4,179)		(7,526)		(11,923)		(20,784)

NOI attributable to non-same store properties	(27,305)		(20,252)		(157,432)		(85,441)
Non-cash NOI attributable to same store properties	(1,438)		(1,912)		(1,043)		(1,834)
Currency and ownership adjustments (1)	(4,741)		(11,316)		(20,807)		(33,690)
SSNOI at Welltower Share	84,937		84,248		202,783		197,795

SSNOI at Welltower Share:
Seniors Housing Operating	161,601		220,797		461,268		577,971
Triple-net	175,436		175,185		478,577		494,328
Outpatient Medical	84,937		84,248		202,783		197,795
Total	$	421,974	$	480,230	$	1,142,628	$	1,270,094

(1) Includes adjustments to reflect consistent property ownership percentages, to translate Canadian properties at a USD/CAD rate of 1.32 and to translate UK properties at a GBP/USD rate of 1.30.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


	QTD Pool				YTD Pool
SSNOI Property Reconciliations:	Seniors Housing Operating	Triple-net	Outpatient Medical	Total	Seniors Housing Operating	Triple-net	Outpatient Medical	Total
Consolidated properties	515	652	321	1,488	515	652	321	1,488
Unconsolidated properties	84	39	49	172	84	39	49	172
Total properties	599	691	370	1,660	599	691	370	1,660
Recent acquisitions/development conversions(1)	(25)	(8)	(60)	(93)	(70)	(12)	(122)	(204)
Under development	(25)	(5)	(2)	(32)	(25)	(5)	(2)	(32)
Under redevelopment(2)	(10)	(1)	(2)	(13)	(11)	(1)	(2)	(14)
Current held for sale	(8)	(2)	(4)	(14)	(8)	(2)	(4)	(14)
Land parcels, loans and subleases	(10)	(17)	(8)	(35)	(10)	(17)	(8)	(35)
Transitions(3)	(9)	(9)	—	(18)	(72)	(24)	—	(96)
Other	—	—	—	—	(1)	—	—	(1)
Same store properties	512	649	294	1,455	402	630	232	1,264

(1) Acquisitions and development conversions will enter the QTD Pool and YTD Pool five full quarters and seven full quarters after acquisition or certificate of occupancy, respectively.

(2) Redevelopment properties will enter the QTD Pool and YTD Pool after five full quarters and seven full quarters of operations post redevelopment completion, respectively.
(3) Transitioned properties will enter the QTD Pool and YTD Pool after five full quarters and seven full quarters of operations with the new operator in place or under the new structure, respectively.

The table below reflects the reconciliation of FFO to NICS, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, for the periods presented. Noncontrolling interest and unconsolidated entity amounts represent adjustments to reflect our share of depreciation and amortization, gains/loss on real estate dispositions and impairment of assets. Amounts are in thousands except for per share data.


	Three Months Ended
	September 30,		June 30,		March 31,		December 31,		September 30,		June 30,		March 31,
FFO Reconciliation:	2020		2020		2020		2019		2019		2019		2019
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	325,585	$	179,246	$	310,284	$	224,324	$	589,876	$	137,762	$	280,470
Depreciation and amortization	255,532		265,371		274,801		262,644		272,445		248,052		243,932
Impairment of assets	23,313		75,151		27,827		98		18,096		9,939		—
Loss (gain) on real estate dispositions, net	(484,304)		(155,863)		(262,824)		(12,064)		(570,250)		1,682		(167,409)
Noncontrolling interests	48,559		(42,539)		(9,409)		(14,895)		31,347		(18,889)		(17,760)
Unconsolidated entities	16,329		14,231		15,445		16,191		10,864		11,475		19,150
FFO	$	185,014	$	335,597	$	356,124	$	476,298	$	352,378	$	390,021	$	358,383

Average diluted shares outstanding	418,987		419,121		412,420		407,904		406,891		406,673		393,452

Per diluted share data:
Net income attributable to common stockholders(1)	$	0.77	$	0.42	$	0.75	$	0.55	$	1.45	$	0.34	$	0.71
FFO	$	0.44	$	0.80	$	0.86	$	1.17	$	0.87	$	0.96	$	0.91

(1) Includes adjustment to the numerator for income (loss) attributable to OP unitholders.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,		September 30,
FFO Reconciliations:	2020		2019
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	815,115	$	1,008,108
Depreciation and amortization	795,704		764,429
Impairment of assets	126,291		28,035
Loss (gain) on real estate dispositions, net	(902,991)		(735,977)
Noncontrolling interests	(3,389)		(5,302)
Unconsolidated entities	46,005		41,489
FFO	$	876,735	$	1,100,782

Average diluted common shares outstanding:	416,860		402,412

Per diluted share data:
Net income attributable to common stockholders(1)	$	1.94	$	2.51
FFO	$	2.10	$	2.74

(1) Includes adjustment to the numerator for income (loss) attributable to OP unitholders.

The tables below reflects the reconciliation of EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, for the periods presented. Dollars are in thousands.


	Three Months Ended
	September 30,			June 30,			March 31,			December 31,			September 30,			June 30,			March 31,
EBITDA Reconciliations:	2020			2020			2020			2019			2019			2019			2019
Net income (loss)	$	394,978		$	159,216		$	329,380		$	240,136		$	647,932		$	150,040		$	292,302
Interest expense	124,851			126,357			142,007			131,648			137,343			141,336			145,232
Income tax expense (benefit)	2,003			2,233			5,442			(4,832)			3,968			1,599			2,222
Depreciation and amortization	255,532			265,371			274,801			262,644			272,445			248,052			243,932
EBITDA	$	777,364		$	553,177		$	751,630		$	629,596		$	1,061,688		$	541,027		$	683,688

Interest Coverage Ratio:
Interest expense	$	124,851		$	126,357		$	142,007		$	131,648		$	137,343		$	141,336		$	145,232
Non-cash interest expense	(3,973)			(1,914)			(8,125)			(734)			(1,988)			(752)			(5,171)
Capitalized interest	3,947			4,541			4,746			4,868			4,148			3,929			2,327
Total interest	124,825			128,984			138,628			135,782			139,503			144,513			142,388
EBITDA	$	777,364		$	553,177		$	751,630		$	629,596		$	1,061,688		$	541,027		$	683,688
Interest coverage ratio	6.23		x	4.29		x	5.42		x	4.64		x	7.61		x	3.74		x	4.80		x

Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio:
Total interest	$	124,825		$	128,984		$	138,628		$	135,782		$	139,503		$	144,513		$	142,388
Secured debt principal payments	15,876			15,183			15,526			13,977			13,121			13,684			13,543

Total fixed charges	140,701			144,167			154,154			149,759			152,624			158,197			155,931
EBITDA	$	777,364		$	553,177		$	751,630		$	629,596		$	1,061,688		$	541,027		$	683,688
Fixed charge coverage ratio	5.52		x	3.84		x	4.88		x	4.20		x	6.96		x	3.42		x	4.38		x

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,			September 30,
EBITDA Reconciliations:	2020			2019
Net income (loss)	$	883,574		$	1,090,274
Interest expense	393,215			423,911
Income tax expense (benefit)	9,678			7,789
Depreciation and amortization	795,704			764,429
EBITDA	$	2,082,171		$	2,286,403

Interest Coverage Ratio:
Interest expense	$	393,215		$	423,911
Non-cash interest expense	(14,012)			(7,911)
Capitalized interest	13,234			10,404
Total interest	392,437			426,404
EBITDA	$	2,082,171		$	2,286,403
Interest coverage ratio	5.31		x	5.36		x

Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio:
Total interest	$	392,437		$	426,404
Secured debt principal payments	46,585			40,348

Total fixed charges	439,022			466,752
EBITDA	$	2,082,171		$	2,286,403
Fixed charge coverage ratio	4.74		x	4.90		x

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The table below reflects the reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, for the periods presented. Dollars are in thousands.


	Twelve Months Ended
	September 30,			June 30,			March 31,			December 31,			September 30,			June 30,			March 31,
Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliations:	2020			2020			2020			2019			2019			2019			2019
Net income	$	1,123,710		$	1,376,664		$	1,367,488		$	1,330,410		$	1,214,970		$	651,264		$	668,497
Interest expense	524,863			537,355			552,334			555,559			568,280			568,969			549,049
Income tax expense (benefit)	4,846			6,811			6,177			2,957			9,293			7,066			9,308
Depreciation and amortization	1,058,348			1,075,261			1,057,942			1,027,073			1,007,263			977,967			966,190
EBITDA	2,711,767			2,996,091			2,983,941			2,915,999			2,799,806			2,205,266			2,193,044
Loss (income) from unconsolidated entities	(49,079)			(58,322)			(47,941)			(42,434)			14,791			17,709			7,411
Stock-based compensation expense (1)	25,485			24,229			24,601			25,047			25,347			26,113			23,618
Loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt, net	35,865			68,685			68,436			84,155			81,596			19,810			20,109
Loss (gain) on real estate dispositions, net	(915,055)			(1,001,001)			(843,456)			(748,041)			(777,890)			(232,363)			(244,800)
Impairment of assets	126,389			121,172			55,960			28,133			104,057			92,701			87,394
Provision for loan losses	11,351			8,494			7,072			18,690			18,690			18,690			18,690
Loss (gain) on derivatives and financial instruments, net	5,411			5,260			5,739			(4,399)			2,296			10,043			670
Other expenses (1)	52,630			46,971			48,327			51,052			45,512			126,994			117,942
Other impairment (2)	146,508			34,110			32,268			—			—			—			—
Additional other income	—			—			—			—			(4,027)			(4,027)			(14,832)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	2,151,272		$	2,245,689		$	2,334,947		$	2,328,202		$	2,310,178		$	2,280,936		$	2,209,246

Adjusted Interest Coverage Ratio:
Interest expense	$	524,863		$	537,355		$	552,334		$	555,559		$	568,280		$	568,969		$	549,049
Capitalized interest	18,102			18,303			17,691			15,272			11,952			9,725			7,896
Non-cash interest expense	(14,746)			(12,761)			(11,599)			(8,645)			(11,218)			(10,888)			(11,852)
Total interest	528,219			542,897			558,426			562,186			569,014			567,806			545,093
Adjusted EBITDA	$	2,151,272		$	2,245,689		$	2,334,947		$	2,328,202		$	2,310,178		$	2,280,936		$	2,209,246
Adjusted interest coverage ratio	4.07		x	4.14		x	4.18		x	4.14		x	4.06		x	4.02		x	4.05		x

Adjusted Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio:
Total interest	$	528,219		$	542,897		$	558,426		$	562,186		$	569,014		$	567,806		$	545,093
Secured debt principal payments	60,562			57,807			56,308			54,325			54,342			55,129			55,584
Preferred dividends	—			—			—			—			11,676			23,352			35,028
Total fixed charges	588,781			600,704			614,734			616,511			635,032			646,287			635,705
Adjusted EBITDA	$	2,151,272		$	2,245,689		$	2,334,947		$	2,328,202		$	2,310,178		$	2,280,936		$	2,209,246
Adjusted fixed charge coverage ratio	3.65		x	3.74		x	3.80		x	3.78		x	3.64		x	3.53		x	3.48		x

(1) Certain severance-related costs are included in stock-based compensation and excluded from other expenses.
(2) Represents write-off of straight-line rent receivable deemed uncollectible.

Our leverage ratios include book capitalization, undepreciated book capitalization and market capitalization. Book capitalization represents the sum of net debt (defined as total long-term debt less cash and cash equivalents and any IRC section 1031 deposits), total equity and redeemable noncontrolling interests. Undepreciated book capitalization represents book capitalization adjusted for accumulated depreciation and amortization. Market capitalization represents book capitalization adjusted for the fair market value of our common stock. Our leverage ratios are defined as the proportion of net debt to total capitalization. The table below reflects the reconciliation of our leverage ratios to our balance sheets for the periods presented. Amounts are in thousands, except share price.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


	As of
	September 30,			June 30,			March 31,			December 31,			September 30,			June 30,			March 31,
	2020			2020			2020			2019			2019			2019			2019
Book capitalization:
Unsecured credit facility and commercial paper	$	—		$	—		$	844,985		$	1,587,597		$	1,334,586		$	1,869,188		$	419,293
Long-term debt obligations (1)	13,889,030			14,543,485			13,228,433			13,436,365			12,463,680			13,390,344			12,371,729
Cash and cash equivalents (2)	(2,096,571)			(1,766,819)			(303,423)			(284,917)			(265,788)			(268,666)			(249,127)
Total net debt	11,792,459			12,776,666			13,769,995			14,739,045			13,532,478			14,990,866			12,541,895
Total equity and noncontrolling interests(3)	17,291,155			17,263,672			17,495,696			16,982,504			16,696,070			16,452,806			16,498,376
Book capitalization	$	29,083,614		$	30,040,338		$	31,265,691		$	31,721,549		$	30,228,548		$	31,443,672		$	29,040,271
Net debt to book capitalization ratio	41		%	43		%	44		%	46		%	45		%	48		%	43		%

Undepreciated book capitalization:
Total net debt	$	11,792,459		$	12,776,666		$	13,769,995		$	14,739,045		$	13,532,478		$	14,990,866		$	12,541,895
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	6,002,775			6,001,177			5,910,979			5,715,459			5,769,843			5,539,435			5,670,111
Total equity and noncontrolling interests(3)	17,291,155			17,263,672			17,495,696			16,982,504			16,696,070			16,452,806			16,498,376
Undepreciated book capitalization	$	35,086,389		$	36,041,515		$	37,176,670		$	37,437,008		$	35,998,391		$	36,983,107		$	34,710,382
Net debt to undepreciated book capitalization ratio	34		%	35		%	37		%	39		%	38		%	41		%	36		%

Market capitalization:
Common shares outstanding	417,305			417,302			417,391			410,257			405,758			405,254			403,740
Period end share price	$	55.09		$	51.75		$	45.78		$	81.78		$	90.65		$	81.53		$	77.60
Common equity market capitalization	$	22,989,332		$	21,595,379		$	19,108,160		$	33,550,817		$	36,781,963		$	33,040,359		$	31,330,224
Total net debt	11,792,459			12,776,666			13,769,995			14,739,045			13,532,478			14,990,866			12,541,895
Noncontrolling interests(3)	1,183,281			1,215,532			1,362,913			1,442,060			1,430,005			1,458,351			1,419,885

Market capitalization	$	35,965,072		$	35,587,577		$	34,241,068		$	49,731,922		$	51,744,446		$	49,489,576		$	45,292,004
Net debt to market capitalization ratio	33		%	36		%	40		%	30		%	26		%	30		%	28		%

(1) Amounts include senior unsecured notes, secured debt and lease liabilities related to financing leases, as reflected on our Consolidated Balance Sheet. Operating lease liabilities related to the ASC 842 adoption are excluded.
(2) Inclusive of IRC section 1031 deposits of $381 million at September 30, 2020 and $88 million at June 30, 2020. September 30, 2020 also includes $112 million of restricted cash related to secured debt that was defeased in September and subsequently extinguished in October 2020.
(3) Includes amounts attributable to both redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests as reflected on our Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our unaudited consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make estimates and assumptions. Management considers an accounting estimate or assumption critical if:

•the nature of the estimates or assumptions is material due to the levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain matters or the susceptibility of such matters to change; and

•the impact of the estimates and assumptions on financial condition or operating performance is material.

Management has discussed the development and selection of its critical accounting policies with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. Management believes the current assumptions and other considerations used to estimate amounts reflected in our unaudited consolidated financial statements are appropriate and are not reasonably likely to change in the future. However, since these estimates require assumptions to be made that were uncertain at the time the estimate was made, they bear the risk of change. If actual experience differs from the assumptions and other considerations used in estimating amounts reflected in our unaudited consolidated financial statements, the resulting changes could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, liquidity and/or financial condition. Please refer to Note 2 to the financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 for further information regarding significant accounting policies that impact us. There have been no material changes to these policies in 2020, except the adoption of ASC 2016-13. See Notes 2 and 7 to the unaudited consolidated financial statements for details.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may contain “forward-looking statements” as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. When Welltower uses words such as “may,” “will,” “intend,” “should,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “pro forma,” “estimate” or similar expressions that do not relate solely to historical matters, Welltower is making forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties that may cause Welltower’s actual results to differ materially from Welltower’s expectations discussed in the forward-looking statements. This may be a result of various factors, including, but not limited to: the duration and scope of the COVID-19 pandemic; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on occupancy rates and on the operations of Welltower and its operators/tenants; actions governments take in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including the introduction of public health measures and other regulations affecting Welltower’s properties and the operations of Welltower and its operators/tenants; the effects of health and safety measures adopted by Welltower and its operators/tenants related to the COVID-19 pandemic; increased operational costs as a result of health and safety measures related to COVID-19; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the business and financial condition of operators/tenants and their ability to make payments to Welltower; disruptions to Welltower's property acquisition and disposition activity due to economic uncertainty caused by COVID-19; general economic uncertainty in key markets as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and a worsening of global economic conditions or low levels of economic growth; the status of capital markets, including availability and cost of capital; uncertainty from the expected discontinuance of LIBOR and the transition to any other interest rate benchmark; issues facing the health care industry, including compliance with, and changes to, regulations and payment policies, responding to government investigations and punitive settlements and operators’/tenants’ difficulty in cost effectively obtaining and maintaining adequate liability and other insurance; changes in financing terms; competition within the health care and seniors housing industries; negative developments in the operating results or financial condition of operators/tenants, including, but not limited to, their ability to pay rent and repay loans; Welltower’s ability to transition or sell properties with profitable results; the failure to make new investments or acquisitions as and when anticipated; natural disasters and other acts of God affecting Welltower’s properties; Welltower’s ability to re-lease space at similar rates as vacancies occur; Welltower’s ability to timely reinvest sale proceeds at similar rates to assets sold; operator/tenant or joint venture partner bankruptcies or insolvencies; the cooperation of joint venture partners; government regulations affecting Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement rates and operational requirements; liability or contract claims by or against operators/tenants; unanticipated difficulties and/or expenditures relating to future investments or acquisitions; environmental laws affecting Welltower’s properties; changes in rules or practices governing Welltower’s financial reporting; the movement of U.S. and foreign currency exchange rates; Welltower’s ability to maintain Welltower’s qualification as a REIT; key management personnel recruitment and retention; and other risks described in Welltower’s reports filed from time to time with the SEC. Other important factors are identified in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, including factors identified under the headings “Business,” “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Finally, the Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether because of new information, future events or otherwise, or to update the reasons why actual results could differ from those projected in any forward-looking statements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to various market risks, including the potential loss arising from adverse changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. We seek to mitigate the underlying foreign currency exposures with gains and losses on derivative contracts hedging these exposures. We seek to mitigate the effects of fluctuations in interest rates by matching the terms of new investments with new long-term fixed rate borrowings to the extent possible. We may or may not elect to use financial derivative instruments to hedge interest rate exposure. These decisions are principally based on our policy to match our variable rate investments with comparable borrowings, but are also based on the general trend in interest rates at the applicable dates and our perception of the future volatility of interest rates. This section is presented to provide a discussion of the risks associated with potential fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.

We historically borrow on our unsecured revolving credit facility and commercial paper program to acquire, construct or make loans relating to health care and seniors housing properties. Then, as market conditions dictate, we will issue equity or long-term fixed rate debt to repay the borrowings under our unsecured revolving credit facility and commercial paper program. We are subject to risks associated with debt financing, including the risk that existing indebtedness may not be refinanced or that the terms of refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of current indebtedness. The majority of our borrowings were completed under indentures or contractual agreements that limit the amount of indebtedness we may incur. Accordingly, in the event that we are unable to raise additional equity or borrow money because of these limitations, our ability to acquire additional properties may be limited.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

A change in interest rates will not affect the interest expense associated with our fixed rate debt. Interest rate changes, however, will affect the fair value of our fixed rate debt. Changes in the interest rate environment upon maturity of this fixed rate debt could have an effect on our future cash flows and earnings, depending on whether the debt is replaced with other fixed rate debt, variable rate debt or equity or repaid by the sale of assets. To illustrate the impact of changes in the interest rate markets, we performed a sensitivity analysis on our fixed rate debt instruments whereby we modeled the change in net present values arising from a hypothetical 1% increase in interest rates to determine the instruments’ change in fair value. The following table summarizes the analysis performed as of the dates indicated (in thousands):


	September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Principal		Change in		Principal		Change in
	balance		fair value		balance		fair value
Senior unsecured notes	$	9,855,632	$	(732,347)	$	9,724,691	$	(751,848)
Secured debt	1,707,919		(60,007)		1,814,229		(69,756)
Totals	$	11,563,551	$	(792,354)	$	11,538,920	$	(821,604)

Our variable rate debt, including our unsecured revolving credit facility and commercial paper program, is reflected at fair value. At September 30, 2020, we had $2,318,914,000 outstanding related to our variable rate debt. Assuming no changes in outstanding balances, a 1% increase in interest rates would result in increased annual interest expense of $23,189,000. At December 31, 2019, we had $3,470,584,000 outstanding under our variable rate debt. Assuming no changes in outstanding balances, a 1% increase in interest rates would have resulted in increased annual interest expense of $34,706,000.

We are subject to currency fluctuations that may, from time to time, affect our financial condition and results of operations. Increases or decreases in the value of the Canadian Dollar or British Pounds Sterling relative to the U.S. Dollar impact the amount of net income we earn from our investments in Canada and the United Kingdom. Based solely on our results for the three months ended September 30, 2020, including the impact of existing hedging arrangements, if these exchange rates were to increase or decrease by 10%, our net income from these investments would increase or decrease, as applicable, by less than $5,000,000. We will continue to mitigate these underlying foreign currency exposures with non-U.S. denominated borrowings and gains and losses on derivative contracts. If we increase our international presence through investments in, or acquisitions or development of, seniors housing and health care properties outside the U.S., we may also decide to transact additional business or borrow funds in currencies other than U.S. Dollars, Canadian Dollars or British Pounds Sterling. To illustrate the impact of changes in foreign currency markets, we performed a sensitivity analysis on our derivative portfolio whereby we modeled the change in net present values arising from a hypothetical 1% increase in foreign currency exchange rates to determine the instruments’ change in fair value. The following table summarizes the results of the analysis performed (dollars in thousands):


	September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Carrying		Change in		Carrying		Change in
	Value		fair value		Value		fair value
Foreign currency forward contracts	$	76,244	$	11,786	$	26,767	$	12,136
Debt designated as hedges	1,544,350		15,444		1,586,116		15,861
Totals	$	1,620,594	$	27,230	$	1,612,883	$	27,997

For additional information regarding fair values of financial instruments, see “Item 2 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Policies” and Notes 12 and 17 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file with or submit to the SEC under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. No changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the fiscal quarter covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, there are various legal proceedings pending against us that arise in the ordinary course of our business. Management does not believe that the resolution of any of these legal proceedings either individually or in the aggregate will have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. Further, from time to time, we are party to certain legal proceedings for which third parties, such as tenants, operators and/or managers are contractually obligated to indemnify, defend and hold us harmless. In some of these matters, the indemnitors have insurance for the potential damages. In other matters, we are being defended by tenants and other obligated third parties and these indemnitors may not have sufficient insurance, assets, income or resources to satisfy their defense and indemnification obligations to us. The unfavorable resolution of such legal proceedings could, individually or in the aggregate, materially adversely affect the indemnitors’ ability to satisfy their respective obligations to us, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. It is management’s opinion that there are currently no such legal proceedings pending that will, individually or in the aggregate, have such a material adverse effect. Despite management’s view of the ultimate resolution of these legal proceedings, we may have significant legal expenses and costs associated with the defense of such matters. Further, management cannot predict the outcome of these legal proceedings and if management’s expectation regarding such matters is not correct, such proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes from the risk factors identified under the heading "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and updated in our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ending March 31, 2020.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we acquired shares of our common stock held by employees who tendered shares to satisfy tax withholding obligations upon the vesting of previously issued restricted stock awards. Specifically, the number of shares of common stock acquired from employees and the average prices paid per share for each month in the third quarter ended September 30, 2020 are as shown in the table below.

On May 1, 2020, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program whereby we may repurchase up to $1 billion of common stock through December 31, 2021 (the "Repurchase Program"). Under this authorization, we are not required to purchase shares but may choose to do so in the open market or through private transactions at times and amounts based on our evaluation of market conditions and other factors. We expect to finance any share repurchases under the Repurchase Program using available cash and may use proceeds from borrowings or debt offerings. We did not repurchase any shares of our common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2020.


Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Repurchase Program	Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Repurchase Program
July 1, 2020 through July 31, 2020	2,094	$	51.26	—	$	—
August 1, 2020 through August 31, 2020	3,076	51.54		—	—
September 1, 2020 through September 30, 2020	176	56.59		—	—
Totals	5,346	$	51.59	—	$	992,348,000

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits


10.1						Settlement Agreement by and between Thomas J. DeRosa and Welltower Inc. *
31.1						Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
31.2						Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
32.1						Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 by Chief Executive Officer.
32.2						Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 by Chief Financial Officer.
101.INS						XBRL Instance Document. The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
104						The cover page from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2020, formatted in Inline XBRL

*						Management contract or Compensatory Plan or Arrangement.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

WELLTOWER INC.

Date:

October 29, 2020

By:

/s/ SHANKH MITRA

Shankh Mitra,

Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

Date:

October 29, 2020

By:

/s/ TIMOTHY G. MCHUGH

Timothy G. McHugh,

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)

Date:

October 29, 2020

By:

/s/ JOSHUA T. FIEWEGER

Joshua T. Fieweger,

Senior Vice President and Controller
(Principal Accounting Officer)