WELLTOWER INC. - Quarter Report: 2021 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)



☑						QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021



☐						TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 1-8923

WELLTOWER INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

34-1096634

(State or other jurisdiction
of Incorporation)

(IRS Employer
Identification No.)

4500 Dorr Street

Toledo,

Ohio

43615

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

(419)

247-2800

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act
Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $1.00 par value per share	WELL	New York Stock Exchange
4.800% Notes due 2028	WELL28	New York Stock Exchange
4.500% Notes due 2034	WELL34	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No þ

As of April 23, 2021, the registrant had 417,520,500 shares of common stock outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


			Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (Unaudited)			3

Consolidated Balance Sheets			3

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income			4

Consolidated Statements of Equity			6

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows			7

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements			8

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			26

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk			48

Item 4. Controls and Procedures			49

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings			50

Item 1A. Risk Factors			50

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			50

Item 5. Other Information			50

Item 6. Exhibits			51

Signatures			51

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

WELLTOWER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

(In thousands)


	March 31, 2021 (Unaudited)		December 31, 2020 (Note)
Assets:
Real estate investments:
Real property owned:
Land and land improvements	$	3,397,055	$	3,440,650
Buildings and improvements	27,667,188		28,024,971
Acquired lease intangibles	1,506,823		1,500,030
Real property held for sale, net of accumulated depreciation	564,062		216,613
Construction in progress	542,302		487,742
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization	(6,212,432)		(6,104,297)
Net real property owned	27,464,998		27,565,709
Right of use assets, net	454,787		465,866
Real estate loans receivable, net of credit allowance	487,674		443,372
Net real estate investments	28,407,459		28,474,947
Other assets:
Investments in unconsolidated entities	1,020,010		946,234
Goodwill	68,321		68,321
Cash and cash equivalents	2,131,846		1,545,046
Restricted cash	426,976		475,997
Straight-line rent receivable	312,721		344,066
Receivables and other assets	624,918		629,031
Total other assets	4,584,792		4,008,695
Total assets	$	32,992,251	$	32,483,642

Liabilities and equity
Liabilities:

Senior unsecured notes	$	12,183,710	$	11,420,790
Secured debt	2,329,474		2,377,930
Lease liabilities	408,916		418,266
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	1,023,219		1,041,594
Total liabilities	15,945,319		15,258,580
Redeemable noncontrolling interests	355,915		343,490
Equity:
Common stock	418,866		418,691
Capital in excess of par value	20,814,196		20,823,145
Treasury stock	(106,519)		(104,490)
Cumulative net income	8,399,144		8,327,598
Cumulative dividends	(13,598,673)		(13,343,721)
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(128,136)		(148,504)
Total Welltower Inc. stockholders’ equity	15,798,878		15,972,719
Noncontrolling interests	892,139		908,853
Total equity	16,691,017		16,881,572
Total liabilities and equity	$	32,992,251	$	32,483,642

Note: The consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2020 has been derived from the audited financial statements at that date but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

WELLTOWER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

(In thousands, except per share data)


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021		2020
Revenues:
Resident fees and services	$	723,464	$	849,972
Rental income	302,843		389,960
Interest income	19,579		15,241
Other income	6,176		3,429
Total revenues	1,052,062		1,258,602

Expenses:
Property operating expenses	617,326		681,781
Depreciation and amortization	244,426		274,801
Interest expense	123,142		142,007
General and administrative expenses	29,926		35,481
Loss (gain) on derivatives and financial instruments, net	1,934		7,651
Loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt, net	(4,643)		—
Provision for loan losses	1,383		7,072
Impairment of assets	23,568		27,827
Other expenses	10,994		6,292
Total expenses	1,048,056		1,182,912

Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and other items	4,006		75,690
Income tax (expense) benefit	(3,943)		(5,442)
Income (loss) from unconsolidated entities	13,049		(3,692)
Gain (loss) on real estate dispositions, net	59,080		262,824
Income (loss) from continuing operations	72,192		329,380

Net income	72,192		329,380
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests(1)	646		19,096
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	71,546	$	310,284

Average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic	417,241		410,306
Diluted	419,079		412,420

Earnings per share:
Basic:
Income (loss) from continuing operations	$	0.17	$	0.80
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	0.17	$	0.76

Diluted:
Income (loss) from continuing operations	$	0.17	$	0.80
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders(2)	$	0.17	$	0.75

Dividends declared and paid per common share	$	0.61	$	0.87

(1) Includes amounts attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests.

(2) Includes adjustment to the numerator for income (loss) attributable to OP unitholders.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)

WELLTOWER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

(In thousands)


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021		2020
Net income	$	72,192	$	329,380

Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation gain (loss)	44,210		(265,577)
Derivative and financial instruments designated as hedges gain (loss)	(20,037)		259,112
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	24,173		(6,465)

Total comprehensive income (loss)	96,365		322,915
Less: Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests(1)	4,451		(3,313)
Total comprehensive income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	91,914	$	326,228

(1) Includes amounts attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY (UNAUDITED)

WELLTOWER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

(In thousands)


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
	Common Stock		Capital in Excess of Par Value		Treasury Stock		Cumulative Net Income		Cumulative Dividends		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Noncontrolling Interests		Total
Balances at January 1, 2021	$	418,691	$	20,823,145	$	(104,490)	$	8,327,598	$	(13,343,721)	$	(148,504)	$	908,853	$	16,881,572
Comprehensive income:
Net income (loss)							71,546						(177)		71,369
Other comprehensive income (loss)											20,368		3,729		24,097
Total comprehensive income															95,466
Net change in noncontrolling interests			(14,250)										(20,266)		(34,516)
Amounts related to stock incentive plans, net of forfeitures	175		5,393		(2,029)										3,539
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock			(92)												(92)
Dividends paid:
Common stock dividends									(254,952)						(254,952)
Balances at March 31, 2021	$	418,866	$	20,814,196	$	(106,519)	$	8,399,144	$	(13,598,673)	$	(128,136)	$	892,139	$	16,691,017


	Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
	Common Stock		Capital in Excess of Par Value		Treasury Stock		Cumulative Net Income		Cumulative Dividends		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Noncontrolling Interests		Total
Balances at January 1, 2020	$	411,005	$	20,190,119	$	(78,955)	$	7,353,966	$	(12,223,534)	$	(112,157)	$	966,183	$	16,506,627
Cumulative change in accounting principle (Note 2)							(5,212)								(5,212)
Balances at January 1, 2020 (as adjusted for change in accounting principle)	411,005		20,190,119		(78,955)		7,348,754		(12,223,534)		(112,157)		966,183		16,501,415
Comprehensive income:
Net income (loss)							310,284						18,988		329,272
Other comprehensive income (loss)											15,944		(21,955)		(6,011)
Total comprehensive income															323,261
Net change in noncontrolling interests			37,625										(29,662)		7,963
Amounts related to stock incentive plans, net of forfeitures	246		6,608		(8,020)										(1,166)
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock	6,975		583,890												590,865

Dividends paid:
Common stock dividends									(356,001)						(356,001)
Balances at March 31, 2020	$	418,226	$	20,818,242	$	(86,975)	$	7,659,038	$	(12,579,535)	$	(96,213)	$	933,554	$	17,066,337

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)

WELLTOWER INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

(In thousands)


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,
	2021		2020
Operating activities:
Net income	$	72,192	$	329,380
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided from (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	244,426		274,801
Other amortization expenses	4,197		3,220
Provision for loan losses	1,383		7,072
Impairment of assets	23,568		27,827
Stock-based compensation expense	5,576		7,083
Loss (gain) on derivatives and financial instruments, net	1,934		7,651
Loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt, net	(4,643)		—
Loss (income) from unconsolidated entities	(13,049)		3,692
Rental income less than (in excess of) cash received	30,563		(2,119)
Amortization related to above (below) market leases, net	(460)		(565)
Loss (gain) on real estate dispositions, net	(59,080)		(262,824)
Distributions by unconsolidated entities	3,036		3,385
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities	(4,406)		(30,030)
Decrease (increase) in receivables and other assets	(1,579)		43,284
Net cash provided from (used in) operating activities	303,658		411,857

Investing activities:
Cash disbursed for acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(203,107)		(390,802)
Cash disbursed for capital improvements to existing properties	(28,780)		(69,382)
Cash disbursed for construction in progress	(73,605)		(48,775)
Capitalized interest	(4,496)		(4,746)
Investment in loans receivable	(43,148)		(10,441)
Principal collected on loans receivable	2,852		10,045
Other investments, net of payments	664		(3,612)
Contributions to unconsolidated entities	(94,095)		(137,129)
Distributions by unconsolidated entities	36,934		3,555
Proceeds from (payments on) derivatives	(6,567)		(357)
Proceeds from sales of real property	274,208		801,392
Net cash provided from (used in) investing activities	(139,140)		149,748

Financing activities:
Net increase (decrease) under unsecured credit facility and commercial paper	—		(742,612)
Net proceeds from issuance of senior unsecured notes	713,907		—

Net proceeds from the issuance of secured debt	—		44,921
Payments on secured debt	(57,888)		(31,566)
Net proceeds from the issuance of common stock	—		591,001

Payments for deferred financing costs and prepayment penalties	(1,221)		(722)
Contributions by noncontrolling interests(1)	5,073		9,084
Distributions to noncontrolling interests(1)	(30,117)		(50,124)

Cash distributions to stockholders	(254,915)		(354,678)
Other financing activities	(2,936)		(9,599)
Net cash provided from (used in) financing activities	371,903		(544,295)
Effect of foreign currency translation on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash	1,358		(10,010)
Increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	537,779		7,300
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	2,021,043		385,766
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	2,558,822	$	393,066

Supplemental cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	135,947	$	140,216
Income taxes paid (received), net	(852)		471

(1) Includes amounts attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests.

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

1. Business

Welltower Inc. (the "Company"), an S&P 500 company headquartered in Toledo, Ohio, is driving the transformation of health care infrastructure. The Company invests with leading seniors housing operators, post-acute providers and health systems to fund the real estate and infrastructure needed to scale innovative care delivery models and improve people’s wellness and overall health care experience. Welltower™, a real estate investment trust (“REIT”), owns interests in properties concentrated in major, high-growth markets in the United States (“U.S.”), Canada and the United Kingdom (“U.K.”), consisting of seniors housing and post-acute communities and outpatient medical properties.

2. Accounting Policies and Related Matters

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial information and with instructions to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (such as normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three months ended March 31, 2021 are not necessarily an indication of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2021. For further information, refer to the financial statements and notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic

The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our operations and those of our operators and tenants will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, including the scope, severity and duration of the pandemic, the actions taken to contain the pandemic or mitigate its impact and the direct and indirect economic effects of the pandemic and containment measures, among others. The COVID-19 pandemic could have material and adverse effects on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows in the future, including but not limited to, the following:

•Our Seniors Housing Operating revenues are dependent on occupancy. Spot occupancy has continued to decline since the beginning of the pandemic, dropping to 73.6% as of March 31, 2021 compared to 75.9% as of December 31, 2020. Approximately 99% of communities are currently accepting new residents, resulting in an acceleration in move-in activity and an increase in occupancy of approximately 60 basis points from a pandemic-low on March 12, 2021 to 73.8% on April 23, 2021. Additionally, rapid distribution and a high acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccinations by residents within assisted living and memory care facilities in the U.S. and U.K. has resulted in a significant decrease in total resident case counts since mid-January 2021 across the portfolio. Spot occupancy rates from the start of the pandemic through March 31, 2021 are as follows:


	February 2020		December 2020		January 2021		February 2021		March 2021
Spot occupancy (1)	85.4	%	75.9	%	74.4	%	73.6	%	73.6	%
Sequential occupancy change					(1.5)	%	(0.8)	%	—	%

(1) Spot occupancy represents approximate month end occupancy at our share for properties in operation as of February 29, 2020, including unconsolidated properties but excluding acquisitions, dispositions and development conversions since this date.

Increased Seniors Housing Operating expenses are expected to continue until the pandemic subsides. Property-level operating expenses associated with the COVID-19 pandemic relating to our Seniors Housing Operating portfolio, net of reimbursements including Provider Relief Funds and similar programs in the U.K. and Canada, resulted in a benefit of approximately $21,204,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 as compared to an expense of $7,294,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2020. These expenses were incurred as a result of the introduction of public health measures and other regulations affecting our properties, as well as additional health and safety measures adopted by us and our operators related to the COVID-19 pandemic, including increases in labor and property cleaning expenses and expenditures related to our efforts to procure personal protective equipment ("PPE") and supplies, net of reimbursements. Certain new expenses incurred since the start of the pandemic may continue on an ongoing basis as part of new health and safety protocols.

In 2020 applications were made for amounts under Phase 2 and Phase 3 of the Provider Relief Fund related to our Seniors Housing Operating portfolio. During the first quarter, we received total Provider Relief Funds of approximately $35,682,000, which was recognized as a reduction to COVID-19 costs within property operating expenses.

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

•Our Triple-net operators are experiencing similar occupancy declines and operating costs as described above with respect to our Seniors Housing Operating properties. Additionally, long-term/post-acute care facilities are generally experiencing a higher degree of occupancy declines. These factors may continue to impact the ability of our Triple-net operators to make contractual rent payments to us in the future. Many of our Triple-net operators received funds under the Coronavirus Aid Relief and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) Paycheck Protection Program. In addition, operators of long-term/post-acute care facilities have generally received funds from Phase 1 of the Provider Relief Fund and operators of assisted living facilities have generally received funds from Phases 2 and 3 of the Provider Relief Fund.

During the first quarter, we collected approximately 96% of rent due from operators under Triple-net lease agreements (primarily seniors housing and post-acute care facilities). No significant rent deferrals or rent concessions have been made. In the Outpatient Medical segment we collected 99% of rent due in the first quarter, with uncollected amounts primarily attributable to local jurisdictions with COVID-19 related ordinances providing temporary rent relief to tenants. Virtually all rent subject to approved deferral agreements has been repaid in full. For both our Triple-net operators and Outpatient Medical tenants, we evaluate leases individually and recognize rent on a cash basis if collectibility of substantially all contractual rent payments is not probable. To the extent the prolonged impact of the COVID-19 pandemic causes operators or tenants to seek further modifications of their lease agreements, we may recognize reductions in revenue and increases in uncollectible receivables.

New Accounting Standards

•In August 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-06, “Debt-Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging-Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40) Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity”. This ASU simplifies accounting for convertible instruments and removes certain settlement conditions that are required for equity contracts to qualify for the derivative scope exception. This ASU also simplifies the diluted earnings per share calculation in certain areas and provides updated disclosure requirements. The ASU is effective for public business entities beginning after December 15, 2021 including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the guidance and the impact it may have on our consolidated financial statements.

•In March 2020, the FASB issued an amendment to the reference rate reform standard which provides the option for a limited period of time to ease the potential burden in accounting for, or recognizing the effects of, reference rate reform on contract modifications and hedge accounting. An example of such reform is the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates. Entities that make this optional expedient election would not have to remeasure the contracts at the modification date or reassess the accounting treatment if certain criteria are met and would continue applying hedge accounting for relationships affected by reference rate reform. The new standard was effective for us upon issuance and elections can be made through December 31, 2022. We are currently evaluating our options with regards to existing contracts and hedging relationships and the impact of adopting this update on our consolidated financial statements.

3. Real Property Acquisitions and Development

The total purchase price for all properties acquired has been allocated to the tangible and identifiable intangible assets and liabilities at cost on a relative fair value basis. Liabilities assumed and any associated noncontrolling interests are reflected at fair value. The results of operations for these acquisitions have been included in our consolidated results of operations since the date of acquisition and are a component of the appropriate segments. Transaction costs primarily represent costs incurred with acquisitions, including due diligence costs, fees for legal and valuation services, termination of pre-existing relationships computed based on the fair value of the assets acquired, lease termination fees and other acquisition-related costs. Transaction costs related to asset acquisitions are capitalized as a component of purchase price and all other non-capitalizable costs are reflected in other expenses on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

The following is a summary of our real property investment activity by segment for the periods presented (in thousands):

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2021								March 31, 2020
	Seniors Housing Operating		Triple-net		Outpatient Medical		Totals		Seniors Housing Operating		Triple-net		Outpatient Medical		Totals
Land and land improvements	$	1,240	$	24,154	$	2,273	$	27,667	$	15,758	$	—	$	40,847	$	56,605
Buildings and improvements	3,491		170,362		10,570		184,423		132,480		765		171,457		304,702
Acquired lease intangibles	339		—		1,439		1,778		10,810		—		23,823		34,633




Receivables and other assets	34		—		—		34		257		—		139		396
Total assets acquired (1)	5,104		194,516		14,282		213,902		159,305		765		236,266		396,336


Accrued expenses and other liabilities	—		(8,703)		(36)		(8,739)		(671)		—		(2,036)		(2,707)
Total liabilities acquired	—		(8,703)		(36)		(8,739)		(671)		—		(2,036)		(2,707)
Noncontrolling interests (2)	—		(2,056)		—		(2,056)		(2,827)		—		—		(2,827)

Cash disbursed for acquisitions	5,104		183,757		14,246		203,107		155,807		765		234,230		390,802
Construction in progress additions	38,373		31,809		7,601		77,783		29,841		13,929		13,645		57,415
Less: Capitalized interest	(2,980)		(524)		(992)		(4,496)		(2,812)		(941)		(993)		(4,746)
Accruals (3)	7		—		311		318		(2,600)		—		(1,294)		(3,894)
Cash disbursed for construction in progress	35,400		31,285		6,920		73,605		24,429		12,988		11,358		48,775
Capital improvements to existing properties	(3,159)		25,295		6,644		28,780		52,503		3,248		13,631		69,382
Total cash invested in real property, net of cash acquired	$	37,345	$	240,337	$	27,810	$	305,492	$	232,739	$	17,001	$	259,219	$	508,959

(1) Excludes $580,000 of unrestricted and restricted cash acquired during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

(2) Includes amounts attributable to both redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests.

(3) Represents non-cash accruals for amounts to be paid in future periods for properties that converted, off-set by amounts paid in the current period.

Construction Activity

The following is a summary of the construction projects that were placed into service and began generating revenues during the periods presented (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2021		March 31, 2020
Development projects:
Seniors Housing Operating	$	—	$	93,188
Triple-net	22,990		—
Outpatient Medical	—		19,369


Total construction in progress conversions	$	22,990	$	112,557

4. Real Estate Intangibles

The following is a summary of our real estate intangibles, excluding those classified as held for sale, as of the dates indicated (dollars in thousands):


	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Assets:
In place lease intangibles	$	1,411,060	$	1,406,705
Above market tenant leases	53,066		52,621
Lease commissions	42,697		40,704
Gross historical cost	1,506,823		1,500,030
Accumulated amortization	(1,204,529)		(1,177,513)
Net book value	$	302,294	$	322,517

Weighted-average amortization period in years	10.7		10.5

Liabilities:
Below market tenant leases	$	75,451	$	77,851
Accumulated amortization	(40,542)		(40,871)
Net book value	$	34,909	$	36,980

Weighted-average amortization period in years	8.2		8.3

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following is a summary of real estate intangible amortization income (expense) for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Rental income related to (above)/below market tenant leases, net	$	425	$	524
Amortization related to in place lease intangibles and lease commissions	(22,779)		(35,976)

The future estimated aggregate amortization of intangible assets and liabilities is as follows for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Assets		Liabilities
2021	$	55,162	$	5,945
2022	44,266		7,304
2023	34,588		5,153
2024	26,981		3,047
2025	21,712		2,482
Thereafter	119,585		10,978
Total	$	302,294	$	34,909

5. Dispositions, Real Property Held for Sale and Impairment

We periodically sell properties for various reasons, including favorable market conditions, the exercise of tenant purchase options or reduction of concentrations (i.e., property type, relationship or geography). At March 31, 2021, three Seniors Housing Operating, 61 Triple-net, and one Outpatient Medical properties with an aggregate real estate balance of $564,062,000 were classified as held for sale. In addition to the real property balances held for sale, net other assets and (liabilities) of $37,389,000 are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheet related to the held for sale properties. Expected gross sales proceeds related to the held for sale properties is approximately $716,835,000.

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we recorded $12,098,000 of impairment charges related to one Triple-net property which was classified as held for sale for which the carrying value exceeded the estimated fair value less cost to sell. Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2021, we recorded $11,470,000 of impairment charges related to one Seniors Housing Operating property and two Triple-net properties that were held for use in which the carrying value exceeded the estimated fair value. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we recorded $3,495,000 of impairment charges related to one Seniors Housing Operating property which was classified as held for sale for which the carrying value exceeded the estimated fair value less cost to sell. Additionally, during the three months ended March 31, 2020, we recorded $24,332,000 of impairment charges related to two Triple-net properties that were held for use in which the carrying value exceeded the estimated fair value.

The following is a summary of our real property disposition activity for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Real estate dispositions:
Seniors Housing Operating	$	74,326	$	—
Triple-net	—		33,445
Outpatient Medical	137,890		495,003
Total dispositions	212,216		528,448
Gain (loss) on real estate dispositions, net	59,080		262,824
Net other assets/liabilities disposed	2,912		10,120
Proceeds from real estate dispositions	$	274,208	$	801,392

Operating results attributable to properties sold or classified as held for sale which do not meet the definition of discontinued operations are not reclassified on our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The following represents the activity related to these properties for the periods presented (in thousands):

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Revenues:
Total revenues	$	21,024	$	136,452
Expenses:
Interest expense	17		3,806
Property operating expenses	(1,102)		61,315
Provision for depreciation	4,567		23,708
Total expenses	3,482		88,829
Income (loss) from real estate dispositions, net	$	17,542	$	47,623

6. Leases

We lease land, buildings, office space and certain equipment. Many of our leases include a renewal option to extend the term from one to 25 years or more. Renewal options that we are reasonably certain to exercise are recognized in our right-of-use assets and lease liabilities.

The components of lease expense were as follows for the period presented (in thousands):


		Three Months Ended
	Classification	March 31, 2021		March 31, 2020
Operating lease cost: (1)
Real estate lease expense	Property operating expenses	$	5,358	$	6,492
Non-real estate investment lease expense	General and administrative expenses	1,185		1,267
Finance lease cost:
Amortization of leased assets	Property operating expenses	2,035		2,243
Interest on lease liabilities	Interest expense	1,663		1,379
Sublease income	Rental income	(1,043)		(1,043)
Total		$	9,198	$	10,338

(1) Includes short-term leases which are immaterial.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases is as follows (in thousands):


	Classification	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Right of use assets:
Operating leases - real estate	Right of use assets, net	$	301,505	$	310,017
Finance leases - real estate	Right of use assets, net	153,282		155,849
Real estate right of use assets, net		454,787		465,866
Operating leases - non-real estate investments	Receivables and other assets	7,886		9,624
Total right of use assets, net		$	462,673	$	475,490

Lease liabilities:
Operating leases		$	303,387	$	311,164
Financing leases		105,529		107,102
Total		$	408,916	$	418,266

Substantially all of our operating leases in which we are the lessor contain escalating rent structures. Leases with fixed annual rental escalators are generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the initial lease period, subject to a collectability assessment. Rental income related to leases with contingent rental escalators is generally recorded based on the contractual cash rental payments due for the period. During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we reserved for straight-line rent receivable balances of $49,241,000 and $32,268,000 through rental income, relating to leases for which collection of substantially all contractual lease payments was no longer deemed probable.

Leases in our Triple-net and Outpatient Medical portfolios typically include some form of operating expense reimbursement by the tenant. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, we recognized $302,843,000 of rental income related to operating leases, of which $46,026,000 was for variable lease payments which primarily represents the reimbursement of operating costs such as common area maintenance expenses, utilities, insurance and real estate taxes. For the three months ended March 31, 2020, we recognized $389,960,000 of rental income related to operating leases, of which $55,754,000 was for variable lease payments.

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

7. Loans Receivable

Loans receivable are recorded on our Consolidated Balance Sheets in real estate loans receivable, net of allowance for credit losses, or for non-real estate loans receivable, in receivables and other assets, net of allowance for credit losses. Real estate loans receivable consists of mortgage loans and other real estate loans which are primarily collateralized by a first, second or third mortgage lien, a leasehold mortgage on, or an assignment of the partnership interest in, the related properties, corporate guarantees and/or personal guarantees. Non-real estate loans are generally corporate loans with no real estate backing. Interest income on loans is recognized as earned based upon the principal amount outstanding subject to an evaluation of the risk of credit loss. Accrued interest receivable was $15,981,000 and $15,615,000 as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, and is included in receivables and other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The following is a summary of our loans receivable (in thousands):


	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Mortgage loans	$	338,291	$	299,430
Other real estate loans	158,066		152,739
Allowance for credit losses on real estate loans receivable	(8,683)		(8,797)
Real estate loans receivable, net of credit allowance	487,674		443,372
Non-real estate loans	458,391		455,508
Allowance for credit losses on non-real estate loans receivable	(215,463)		(215,239)
Non-real estate loans receivable, net of credit allowance	242,928		240,269
Total loans receivable, net of credit allowance	$	730,602	$	683,641

The following is a summary of our loan activity for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2021		March 31, 2020
Advances on loans receivable:
Investments in new loans	$	30,999	$	—
Draws on existing loans	12,149		10,441
Net cash advances on loans receivable	43,148		10,441

Receipts on loans receivable:
Loan payoffs	1,620		—
Principal payments on loans	1,232		10,045
Net cash receipts on loans receivable	2,852		10,045
Net cash advances (receipts) on loans receivable	$	40,296	$	396

Subsequent to quarter end, we provided £540 million of senior loan financing and a £30 million delayed facility to affiliates of Safanad, a global real estate and private equity firm, as part of the recapitalization of its investment in HC-One Group. The loan has a 5-year term and is fully collateralized by the shares and assets of the HC-One Group, including its underlying property portfolio of owned assets across the U.K. Additionally, we will have the ability to participate in the recovery in the U.K. seniors housing sector through both warrants and a £55 million equity investment.

The allowance for credit loss on loans receivable is maintained at a level believed adequate to absorb potential losses in our loans receivable. The determination of the credit allowance is based on a quarterly evaluation of each of these loans, including general economic conditions and estimated collectability of loan payments. We evaluate the collectability of our loans receivable based on a combination of credit quality indicators, including, but not limited to, payment status, historical loan charge-offs, financial strength of the borrower and guarantors, and nature, extent, and value of the underlying collateral.

A loan is considered to have deteriorated credit quality when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will be unable to collect all amounts due as scheduled according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. For those loans we identified as having deteriorated credit quality we determine the amount of credit loss on an individual basis. Placement on non-accrual status may be required. Consistent with this definition, all loans on non-accrual are deemed to have deteriorated credit quality. To the extent circumstances improve and the risk of collectability is diminished, we will return these loans to income accrual status. While a loan is on non-accrual status, any cash receipts are applied against the outstanding principal balance.

For the remaining loans we assess credit loss on a collective pool basis and use our historical loss experience for similar loans to determine the reserve for credit losses. The following is a summary of our loans by credit loss category (in thousands):

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


	March 31, 2021
Loan category	Years of Origination	Loan Carrying Value		Allowance for Credit Loss		Net Loan Balance		No. of Loans
Deteriorated loans	2007 - 2018	$	241,012	$	(211,191)	$	29,821	6
Collective loan pool	2007-2016	259,913		(5,061)		254,852		18
Collective loan pool	2017	126,746		(1,488)		125,258		7
Collective loan pool	2018	20,620		(404)		20,216		1
Collective loan pool	2019	47,045		(923)		46,122		7
Collective loan pool	2020	229,219		(4,488)		224,731		11
Collective loan pool	2021	30,193		(591)		29,602		2
Total loans		$	954,748	$	(224,146)	$	730,602	52

In March 2020, we recognized a provision for loan losses of $6,898,000 to fully reserve for one Triple-net non-real estate loan receivable that was no longer deemed collectible. The following is a summary of the allowance for credit losses on loans receivable for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2021		March 31, 2020
Balance at beginning of period	$	224,036	$	68,372
Adoption of ASU 2016-13	—		5,212
Provision for loan losses	1,383		7,072
Loan write-offs	(1,322)		—
Foreign currency translation	49		(85)
Balance at end of period	$	224,146	$	80,571

The following is a summary of our deteriorated loans (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2021		March 31, 2020
Balance of deteriorated loans at end of period (1)	$	241,012	$	185,982
Allowance for credit losses	(211,191)		(75,372)
Balance of deteriorated loans not reserved	$	29,821	$	110,610
Interest recognized on deteriorated loans (2)	$	3,079	$	4,046

(1) Current year amounts include $2,250,000 and $3,623,000 of loans on non-accrual as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Prior year amounts include $9,534,000 and $2,534,000 as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

(2) Represents cash interest recognized in the period.

8. Investments in Unconsolidated Entities

We participate in a number of joint ventures, which generally invest in seniors housing and health care real estate. The results of operations for these properties have been included in our consolidated results of operations from the date of acquisition by the joint ventures and are reflected in our Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income as income or loss from unconsolidated entities. The following is a summary of our investments in unconsolidated entities (dollars in thousands):


	Percentage Ownership (1)	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Seniors Housing Operating	10% to 65%	$	709,727	$	653,057
Triple-net	10% to 25%	5,575		5,629
Outpatient Medical	15% to 50%	304,708		287,548
Total		$	1,020,010	$	946,234

(1) Includes ownership of investments classified as liabilities and excludes ownership of in substance real estate.

At March 31, 2021, the aggregate unamortized basis difference of our joint venture investments of $119,392,000 is primarily attributable to the difference between the amount for which we purchase our interest in the entity, including transaction costs, and the historical carrying value of the net assets of the joint venture. This difference is being amortized over the remaining useful life of the related properties and included in the reported amount of income from unconsolidated entities.

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

We have made loans totaling $365,488,000 related to eight properties as of March 31, 2021 for the development and construction of certain properties which are classified as in substance real estate investments. We believe that such borrowers typically represent variable interest entities ("VIE" or "VIEs") in accordance with ASC 810 Consolidation. VIEs are required to be consolidated by their primary beneficiary ("PB") which is the enterprise that has both: (i) the power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impacts the entity's economic performance; and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the VIE that could be significant to the entity. We have concluded that we are not the PB of such borrowers, therefore, the loan arrangements were assessed based on among other factors, the amount and timing of expected residual profits, the estimated fair value of the collateral and the significance of the borrower's equity in the project. Based on these assessments, the arrangements have been classified as in substance real estate investments. We expect to fund an additional $36,059,000 during 2021 related to these investments.

9. Credit Concentration

We use consolidated net operating income (“NOI”) as our credit concentration metric. See Note 18 for additional information and reconciliation. The following table summarizes certain information about our credit concentration for the three months ended March 31, 2021, excluding our share of NOI in unconsolidated entities (dollars in thousands):


Concentration by relationship: (1)	Number of Properties	Total NOI		Percent of NOI (2)
Sunrise Senior Living (3)	165	$	60,933	14%
ProMedica	216	53,031		13%
Genesis Healthcare	52	26,871		7%
Revera (3)	92	20,865		5%
Avery Healthcare	61	20,623		5%
Remaining portfolio	912	252,413		56%
Totals	1,498	$	434,736	100%

(1) Sunrise Senior Living and Revera are in our Seniors Housing Operating segment. Genesis Healthcare and ProMedica are in our Triple-net segment. Avery Healthcare is in both the Triple-net and Seniors Housing Operating segments.

(2) NOI with our top five relationships comprised 36% of total NOI for the year ended December 31, 2020.

(3) Revera owns a controlling interest in Sunrise Senior Living.

During the quarter ended March 31, 2021, we entered into definitive agreements to substantially exit our operating relationship with Genesis Healthcare ("Genesis"). In April 2021, we contributed nine Triple-net properties operated by Genesis into an 80/20 joint venture with ProMedica and such properties were added to the existing master lease with ProMedica. Additionally, we have entered into definitive agreements to sell 35 Genesis properties for $496 million to a joint venture with Aurora Health Network and Peace Capital. These property dispositions and the transfer of operations of these properties is expected to occur in the second and third quarters. Additionally, we currently lease seven properties which we sublease to Genesis. We have entered into an agreement to transition the operations of these properties into a new lease agreement with a regional operator. To effectuate the transition of all 51 properties, we agreed to provide Genesis a lease termination fee of $86 million upon successful transition of all properties, which will be used to immediately repay indebtedness to Welltower. Additionally, upon achievement of certain restructuring milestones, we will reduce Genesis' indebtedness by an additional $170 million in exchange for an equity interest in Genesis. Upon conclusion of the aforementioned loan transactions, Genesis will have $167 million of indebtedness to Welltower, exclusive of additional PIK interest, which will carry a maturity date of January 1, 2024. As of March 31, 2021, our total carrying value of Genesis loans receivable was $139,332,000.

10. Borrowings Under Credit Facilities and Commercial Paper Program

At March 31, 2021, we had a primary unsecured credit facility with a consortium of 31 banks that includes a $3,000,000,000 unsecured revolving credit facility (none outstanding at March 31, 2021), a $500,000,000 unsecured term credit facility and a $250,000,000 Canadian-denominated unsecured term credit facility. We have an option, through an accordion feature, to upsize the unsecured revolving credit facility and the $500,000,000 unsecured term credit facility by up to an additional $1,000,000,000, in the aggregate, and the $250,000,000 Canadian-denominated unsecured term credit facility by up to an additional $250,000,000. The primary unsecured credit facility also allows us to borrow up to $1,000,000,000 in alternate currencies (none outstanding at March 31, 2021). Borrowings under the unsecured revolving credit facility are subject to interest payable at the applicable margin over LIBOR interest rate. The applicable margin is based on our debt ratings and was 0.825% at March 31, 2021. In addition, we pay a facility fee quarterly to each bank based on the bank’s commitment amount. The facility fee depends on our debt ratings and was 0.15% at March 31, 2021. The term credit facilities mature on July 19, 2023. The revolving credit facility is scheduled to mature on July 19, 2022 and can be extended for two successive terms of six months each at our option.

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

In January 2019, we established an unsecured commercial paper program. Under the terms of the program, we may issue unsecured commercial paper notes with maturities that vary, but do not exceed 397 days from the date of issue, up to a maximum aggregate face or principal amount outstanding at any time of $1,000,000,000 (none outstanding at March 31, 2021).

The following information relates to aggregate borrowings under the unsecured revolving credit facility and commercial paper program for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021			2020
Balance outstanding at quarter end	$	—		$	845,000
Maximum amount outstanding at any month end	$	—		$	2,100,000
Average amount outstanding (total of daily
principal balances divided by days in period)	$	—		$	1,593,816
Weighted average interest rate (actual interest
expense divided by average borrowings outstanding)	—		%	2.21		%

11. Senior Unsecured Notes and Secured Debt

We may repurchase, redeem or refinance senior unsecured notes from time to time, taking advantage of favorable market conditions when available. We may purchase senior notes for cash through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions, a tender offer or, in some cases, through the early redemption of such securities pursuant to their terms. The senior unsecured notes are redeemable at our option, at any time in whole or from time to time in part, at a redemption price equal to the sum of: (i) the principal amount of the notes (or portion of such notes) being redeemed plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon up to the redemption date and (ii) any “make-whole” amount due under the terms of the notes in connection with early redemptions. Redemptions and repurchases of debt, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual restrictions and other factors. At March 31, 2021, the annual principal payments due on these debt obligations were as follows (in thousands):


	Senior Unsecured Notes (1,2)		Secured Debt (1,3)		Totals
2021	$	—	$	438,772	$	438,772
2022 (4)	870,000		463,891		1,333,891
2023 (5,6)	1,372,602		373,613		1,746,215
2024	1,350,000		183,982		1,533,982
2025	1,250,000		180,595		1,430,595
Thereafter (7,8,9)	7,436,990		695,319		8,132,309
Totals	$	12,279,592	$	2,336,172	$	14,615,764

(1) Amounts represent principal amounts due and do not include unamortized premiums/discounts, debt issuance costs, or other fair value adjustments as reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(2) Annual interest rates range from 0.81% to 6.50%.

(3) Annual interest rates range from 0.04% to 7.93%. Carrying value of the properties securing the debt totaled $5,330,000,000 at March 31, 2021.

(4) Includes a $860,000,000 unsecured term credit facility. The loan matures on April 1, 2022 and bears interest at LIBOR plus 1.20% (1.31% at March 31, 2021).

(5) Includes a $250,000,000 Canadian-denominated unsecured term credit facility (approximately $198,850,000 based on the Canadian/U.S. Dollar exchange rate on March 31, 2021). The loan matures on July 19, 2023 and bears interest at the Canadian Dealer Offered Rate plus 0.9% (1.31% at March 31, 2021).

(6) Includes a $500,000,000 unsecured term credit facility. The loan matures on July 19, 2023 and bears interest at LIBOR plus 0.9% (1.01% at March 31, 2021).

(7) Includes a $300,000,000 Canadian-denominated 2.95% senior unsecured notes due 2027 (approximately $238,620,000 based on the Canadian/U.S. Dollar exchange rate on March 31, 2021).

(8) Includes a £550,000,000 4.80% senior unsecured notes due 2028 (approximately $758,670,000 based on the Sterling/U.S. Dollar exchange rate in effect on March 31, 2021).

(9) Includes a £500,000,000 4.50% senior unsecured notes due 2034 (approximately $689,700,000 based on the Sterling/U.S. Dollar exchange rate in effect on March 31, 2021).

The following is a summary of our senior unsecured notes principal activity during the periods presented (dollars in thousands):

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2021			March 31, 2020
			Weighted Avg.			Weighted Avg.
	Amount		Interest Rate	Amount		Interest Rate
Beginning balance	$	11,509,533	3.67%	$	10,427,562	4.03%
Debt issued	750,000		2.80%	—		—%


Foreign currency	20,059		3.90%	(120,689)		4.15%
Ending balance	$	12,279,592	3.62%	$	10,306,873	3.97%

The following is a summary of our secured debt principal activity for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2021			March 31, 2020
			Weighted Avg.			Weighted Avg.
	Amount		Interest Rate	Amount		Interest Rate
Beginning balance	$	2,378,073	3.27%	$	2,993,342	3.63%

Debt issued	—		—%	44,921		2.58%

Debt extinguished	(41,933)		7.60%	(16,040)		4.51%


Principal payments	(15,955)		3.59%	(15,526)		3.78%
Foreign currency	15,987		2.92%	(102,059)		3.27%
Ending balance	$	2,336,172	3.14%	$	2,904,638	3.63%

On March 25, 2021, we completed the issuance of $750,000,000 senior unsecured notes bearing interest at 2.80% with a maturity date of June 2031. On April 15, 2021 net proceeds were used to redeem $339,128,000 of our 3.75% senior unsecured notes due March 2023 and $334,624,000 of our 3.95% senior unsecured notes due September 2023. We expect to recognize a loss on extinguishment of approximately $51 million in April in conjunction with the transaction.

Our debt agreements contain various covenants, restrictions and events of default. Certain agreements require us to maintain certain financial ratios and minimum net worth and impose certain limits on our ability to incur indebtedness, create liens and make investments or acquisitions. As of March 31, 2021, we were in compliance with all of the covenants under our debt agreements.

12. Derivative Instruments

We are exposed to, among other risks, the impact of changes in foreign currency exchange rates as a result of our non-U.S. investments and interest rate risk related to our capital structure. Our risk management program is designed to manage the exposure and volatility arising from these risks, and utilizes foreign currency forward contracts, cross currency swap contracts, interest rate swaps, interest rate locks and debt issued in foreign currencies to offset a portion of these risks.

Foreign Currency Forward Contracts Designated as Cash Flow Hedges

For instruments that are designated and qualify as a cash flow hedge, the effective portion of the gain or loss on the derivative is deferred as a component of other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and reclassified into earnings in the same period or periods during which the hedged transaction affects earnings. Gains and losses on the derivative representing either hedge ineffectiveness or hedge components excluded from the assessment of effectiveness are recognized in earnings.

Cash Flow Hedges of Interest Rate Risk

We enter into interest rate swaps in order to maintain a capital structure containing targeted amounts of fixed and floating-rate debt and manage interest rate risk. Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for our fixed-rate payments. These interest rate swap agreements were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with variable-rate debt.

Periodically, we enter into and designate interest rate locks to partially hedge the risk of changes in interest payments attributable to increases in the benchmark interest rate during the period leading up to the probable issuance of fixed-rate debt. We designate our interest rate locks as cash flow hedges. Gains and losses when we settle our interest rate locks are amortized into income over the life of the related debt, except where a material amount is deemed to be ineffective, which would be immediately reclassified to the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. Approximately $2,562,000 of losses, which are included in OCI, are expected to be reclassified into earnings in the next 12 months.

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Foreign Currency Forward Contracts and Cross Currency Swap Contracts Designated as Net Investment Hedges

We use foreign currency forward and cross currency forward swap contracts to hedge a portion of the net investment in foreign subsidiaries against fluctuations in foreign exchange rates. For instruments that are designated and qualify as net investment hedges, the variability in the foreign currency to U.S. Dollar of the instrument is recorded as a cumulative translation adjustment component of OCI.

Derivative Contracts Undesignated

We use foreign currency exchange contracts to manage existing exposures to foreign currency exchange risk. Gains and losses resulting from the changes in fair value of these instruments are recorded in interest expense on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income and are substantially offset by net revaluation impacts on foreign currency denominated balance sheet exposures. In addition, we have several interest rate cap contracts related to variable rate secured debt agreements. Gains and losses resulting from the changes in fair values of these instruments are also recorded in interest expense.

The following presents the notional amount of derivatives and other financial instruments as of the dates indicated (in thousands):


	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Derivatives designated as net investment hedges:
Denominated in Canadian Dollars	$	625,000	$	625,000
Denominated in Pound Sterling	£	1,340,708	£	1,340,708

Financial instruments designated as net investment hedges:
Denominated in Canadian Dollars	$	250,000	$	250,000
Denominated in Pound Sterling	£	1,050,000	£	1,050,000

Interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges:
Denominated in U.S Dollars (1)	$	25,000	$	450,000

Derivative instruments not designated:
Interest rate caps denominated in U.S. Dollars	$	26,137	$	26,137

Forward sales contracts denominated in Canadian Dollars	$	80,000	$	80,000
Forward purchase contracts denominated in Pound Sterling	£	(32,157)	£	—

(1) At March 31, 2021 the maximum maturity date was November 1, 2023.

The following presents the impact of derivative instruments on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the periods presented (in thousands):


		Three Months Ended March 31,
Description	Location	2021		2020
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments designated as hedges recognized in income	Interest expense	$	6,024	$	6,644
Gain (loss) on derivative instruments not designated as hedges recognized in income	Interest expense	$	(719)	$	(95)
Gain (loss) on derivative and financial instruments designated as hedges recognized in OCI	OCI	$	(20,037)	$	259,112

13. Commitments and Contingencies

At March 31, 2021, we had 10 outstanding letter of credit obligations totaling $20,288,000 and expiring between 2021 and 2024. At March 31, 2021, we had outstanding construction in progress of $542,302,000 and were committed to providing additional funds of approximately $715,955,000 to complete construction. Additionally, at March 31, 2021, we had outstanding investments classified as in substance real estate of $365,488,000 and were committed to provide additional funds of $36,059,000 (see Note 8 for additional information). Purchase obligations at March 31, 2021 also include $40,815,000 of contingent purchase obligations to fund capital improvements. Rents due from the tenant are increased to reflect the additional investment in the property.

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

14. Stockholders’ Equity

The following is a summary of our stockholders’ equity capital accounts as of the dates indicated:


	March 31, 2021	December 31, 2020
Preferred Stock:
Authorized shares	50,000,000	50,000,000
Issued shares	—	—
Outstanding shares	—	—

Common Stock, $1.00 par value:
Authorized shares	700,000,000	700,000,000
Issued shares	419,306,453	419,124,469
Outstanding shares	417,520,420	417,400,602

Common Stock In February 2019, we entered into an amended and restated equity distribution agreement whereby we can offer and sell up to $1,500,000,000 aggregate amount of our common stock ("Equity Shelf Program"). The Equity Shelf Program also allows us to enter into forward sale agreements. As of March 31, 2021, we had $499,341,000 of remaining capacity under the Equity Shelf Program, which excludes forward sales agreements outstanding for the sale of 2,214,760 shares with maturity dates in 2022. We expect to physically settle the forward sales for cash proceeds.

On May 1, 2020, our Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program whereby we may repurchase up to $1 billion of common stock through December 31, 2021 (the "Repurchase Program"). Under this authorization, we are not required to purchase shares but may choose to do so in the open market or through private transactions at times and amounts based on our evaluation of market conditions and other factors. We expect to finance any share repurchases under the Repurchase Program using available cash and may use proceeds from borrowings or debt offerings. We did not repurchase any shares of our common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2021.

The following is a summary of our common stock issuances during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 (dollars in thousands, except shares and average price amounts):


	Shares Issued	Average Price		Gross Proceeds		Net Proceeds
2020 Dividend reinvestment plan issuances	175,129	$	84.54	$	14,805	$	14,805

2020 Equity shelf program issuances	6,799,978	86.48		588,072		576,196

2020 Stock incentive plans, net of forfeitures	158,818			—		—
2020 Totals	7,133,925			$	602,877	$	591,001





2021 Stock incentive plans, net of forfeitures	119,818			—		—
2021 Totals	119,818			$	—	$	—

Dividends The decrease in dividends is attributable to the declaration of a reduced cash dividend beginning with the quarter ending March 31, 2020. The following is a summary of our dividend payments (in thousands, except per share amounts):


	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2021				March 31, 2020
	Per Share		Amount		Per Share		Amount
Common stock	$	0.61	$	254,952	$	0.87	$	356,001

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income The following is a summary of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for the periods presented (in thousands):


	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Foreign currency translation	$	(581,387)	$	(621,792)
Derivative and financial instruments designated as hedges	453,251		473,288

Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	$	(128,136)	$	(148,504)

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

15. Stock Incentive Plans

Our 2016 Long-Term Incentive Plan (“2016 Plan”) authorizes up to 10,000,000 shares of common stock to be issued at the discretion of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. Our non-employee directors, officers and key employees are eligible to participate in the 2016 Plan. The 2016 Plan allows for the issuance of, among other things, stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, deferred stock units, performance units and dividend equivalent rights. Vesting periods for options, deferred stock units and restricted shares generally range from three to five years. Options expire ten years from the date of grant. Stock-based compensation expense totaled $5,576,000 and $7,083,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectfully.

16. Earnings Per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except per share data):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
Numerator for basic earnings per share - net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	71,546	$	310,284


Adjustment for net income (loss) attributable to OP units	(1,353)		(1,388)
Numerator for diluted earnings per share	$	70,193	$	308,896

Denominator for basic earnings per share - weighted average shares	417,241		410,306
Effect of dilutive securities:

Non-vested restricted shares	421		702
Redeemable OP units	1,396		1,396
Employee stock purchase program	21		16
Dilutive potential common shares	1,838		2,114
Denominator for diluted earnings per share - adjusted weighted average shares	419,079		412,420

Basic earnings per share	$	0.17	$	0.76
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.17	$	0.75

As of March 31, 2021, forward sales agreements outstanding for the sale of 2,214,760 shares of common stock were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because such forward sales were anti-dilutive for the period.

17. Disclosure about Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Fair value is defined as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. A three-level valuation hierarchy exists for disclosures of fair value measurements based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date. A financial instrument's categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Please see Note 2 to the financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 for additional information. The three levels are defined below:

•Level 1 - Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

•Level 2 - Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

•Level 3 - Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.

The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of each class of financial instruments for which it is practicable to estimate that value.

Mortgage Loans, Other Real Estate Loans and Non-real Estate Loans Receivable — The fair value of mortgage loans, other real estate loans and non-real estate loans receivable is generally estimated by using Level 2 and Level 3 inputs such as discounting the estimated future cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities.

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash — The carrying amount approximates fair value.

Equity Securities — Equity securities are recorded at their fair value based on Level 1 publicly available trading prices.

Borrowings Under Primary Unsecured Credit Facility and Commercial Paper Program — The carrying amount of the primary unsecured credit facility and commercial paper program approximates fair value because the borrowings are interest rate adjustable.

Senior Unsecured Notes — The fair value of the senior unsecured notes payable was estimated based on Level 1 publicly available trading prices. The carrying amount of the variable rate senior unsecured notes approximates fair value because they are interest rate adjustable.

Secured Debt — The fair value of fixed rate secured debt is estimated using Level 2 inputs by discounting the estimated future cash flows using the current rates at which similar loans would be made with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining maturities. The carrying amount of variable rate secured debt approximates fair value because the borrowings are interest rate adjustable.

Foreign Currency Forward Contracts, Interest Rate Swaps and Cross Currency Swaps — Foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and cross currency swaps are recorded in other assets or other liabilities on the balance sheet at fair value that is derived from observable market data, including yield curves and foreign exchange rates (all of our derivatives are Level 2).

Redeemable OP Unitholder Interests — Our redeemable OP unitholder interests are recorded on the balance sheet at fair value using Level 2 inputs unless the fair value is below the initial amount in which case the redeemable OP unitholder interests are recorded at the initial amount adjusted for distributions to the unitholders and income or loss attributable to the unitholders. The fair value is measured using the closing price of our common stock, as units may be redeemed at the election of the holder for cash or, at our option, one share of our common stock per unit, subject to adjustment in certain circumstances.

The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our financial instruments are as follows (in thousands):


	March 31, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Carrying Amount		Fair Value		Carrying Amount		Fair Value
Financial assets:
Mortgage loans receivable	$	331,648	$	331,710	$	293,752	$	297,207
Other real estate loans receivable	156,026		157,310		149,620		152,211
Equity securities	2,702		2,702		4,636		4,636
Cash and cash equivalents	2,131,846		2,131,846		1,545,046		1,545,046
Restricted cash	426,976		426,976		475,997		475,997
Non-real estate loans receivable	242,928		260,351		240,269		255,724
Foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and cross currency swaps	753		753		4,668		4,668

Financial liabilities:

Senior unsecured notes	$	12,183,710	$	13,377,367	$	11,420,790	$	13,093,926
Secured debt	2,329,474		2,410,790		2,377,930		2,451,782
Foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and cross currency swaps	84,985		84,985		118,054		118,054

Redeemable OP unitholder interests	$	127,859	$	127,859	$	116,240	$	115,346

Items Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The market approach is utilized to measure fair value for our financial assets and liabilities reported at fair value on a recurring basis. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The following summarizes items measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):


	Fair Value Measurements as of March 31, 2021
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Equity securities	$	2,702	$	2,702	$	—	$	—
Foreign currency forward contracts, interest rate swaps and cross currency swaps, net asset (liability) (1)	(84,232)		—		(84,232)		—
Totals	$	(81,530)	$	2,702	$	(84,232)	$	—

(1) Please see Note 12 for additional information.

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Items Measured at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

In addition to items that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis, we also have assets and liabilities in our balance sheet that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis that are not included in the tables above. Assets, liabilities and noncontrolling interests that are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis include those acquired or assumed. Asset impairments (if applicable, see Note 5 for impairments of real property and Note 7 for impairments of loans receivable) are also measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. We have determined that the fair value measurements included in each of these assets and liabilities rely primarily on company-specific inputs and our assumptions about the use of the assets and settlement of liabilities, as observable inputs are not available. As such, we have determined that each of these fair value measurements generally resides within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. We estimate the fair value of real estate and related intangibles using the income approach and unobservable data such as net operating income and estimated capitalization and discount rates. We also consider local and national industry market data including comparable sales, and commonly engage an external real estate appraiser to assist us in our estimation of fair value. We estimate the fair value of assets held for sale based on current sales price expectations or, in the absence of such price expectations, Level 3 inputs described above. We estimate the fair value of loans receivable using projected payoff valuations based on the expected future cash flows and/or the estimated fair value of collateral, net of sales costs, if the repayment of the loan is expected to be provided solely by the collateral. We estimate the fair value of secured debt assumed in asset acquisitions using current interest rates at which similar borrowings could be obtained on the transaction date.

18. Segment Reporting

We invest in seniors housing and health care real estate. We evaluate our business and make resource allocations on our three operating segments: Seniors Housing Operating, Triple-net and Outpatient Medical. Our Seniors Housing Operating properties include seniors apartments, assisted living, independent living/continuing care retirement communities, independent supportive living communities (Canada), care homes with and without nursing (U.K.) and combinations thereof that are owned and/or operated through RIDEA structures (see Note 19). Our Triple-net properties include the property types described above as well as long-term/post-acute care facilities. Under the Triple-net segment, we invest in seniors housing and health care real estate through acquisition and financing of primarily single tenant properties. Properties acquired are primarily leased under triple-net leases and we are not involved in the management of the property. Our Outpatient Medical properties are typically leased to multiple tenants and generally require a certain level of property management by us.

We evaluate performance based upon consolidated NOI of each segment. We define NOI as total revenues, including tenant reimbursements, less property operating expenses. We believe NOI provides investors relevant and useful information as it measures the operating performance of our properties at the property level on an unleveraged basis. We use NOI to make decisions about resource allocations and to assess the property level performance of our properties.

Non-segment revenue consists mainly of interest income on certain non-real estate investments and other income. Non-segment assets consist of corporate assets including cash, deferred loan expenses and corporate offices and equipment among others. Non-property specific revenues and expenses are not allocated to individual segments in determining NOI.

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies (see Note 2 to the financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020). The results of operations for all acquisitions described in Note 3 are included in our consolidated results of operations from the acquisition dates and are components of the appropriate segments. All inter-segment transactions are eliminated.

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Summary information for the reportable segments (which excludes unconsolidated entities) is as follows (in thousands):


Three Months Ended March 31, 2021:	Seniors Housing Operating		Triple-net		Outpatient Medical		Non-segment / Corporate		Total
Resident fees and services	$	723,464	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	723,464
Rental income	—		152,463		150,380		—		302,843
Interest income	1,119		14,922		3,538		—		19,579
Other income	1,819		1,097		2,305		955		6,176
Total revenues	726,402		168,482		156,223		955		1,052,062

Property operating expenses	555,968		12,841		46,863		1,654		617,326
Consolidated net operating income	170,434		155,641		109,360		(699)		434,736

Depreciation and amortization	132,586		56,667		55,173		—		244,426
Interest expense	11,418		1,882		4,015		105,827		123,142
General and administrative expenses	—		—		—		29,926		29,926
Loss (gain) on derivatives and financial instruments, net	—		1,934		—		—		1,934
Loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt, net	(4,643)		—		—		—		(4,643)
Provision for loan losses	251		853		279		—		1,383
Impairment of assets	4,604		18,964		—		—		23,568
Other expenses	3,459		4,983		712		1,840		10,994
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and other items	22,759		70,358		49,181		(138,292)		4,006
Income tax (expense) benefit	—		—		—		(3,943)		(3,943)
Income (loss) from unconsolidated entities	5,234		4,907		2,908		—		13,049
Gain (loss) on real estate dispositions, net	5,195		2,042		51,843		—		59,080
Income (loss) from continuing operations	33,188		77,307		103,932		(142,235)		72,192
Net income (loss)	$	33,188	$	77,307	$	103,932	$	(142,235)	$	72,192

Total assets	$	16,032,225	$	8,660,043	$	6,380,835	$	1,919,148	$	32,992,251


Three Months Ended March 31, 2020:	Seniors Housing Operating		Triple-net		Outpatient Medical		Non-segment / Corporate		Total
Resident fees and services	$	849,972	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	849,972
Rental income	—		191,385		198,575		—		389,960
Interest income	104		14,671		466		—		15,241
Other income	1,052		1,673		288		416		3,429
Total revenues	851,128		207,729		199,329		416		1,258,602

Property operating expenses	607,871		13,302		60,608		—		681,781
Consolidated net operating income	243,257		194,427		138,721		416		576,821

Depreciation and amortization	146,774		57,694		70,333		—		274,801
Interest expense	16,434		2,852		4,808		117,913		142,007
General and administrative expenses	—		—		—		35,481		35,481
Loss (gain) on derivatives and financial instruments, net	—		7,651		—		—		7,651

Provision for loan losses	—		7,072		—		—		7,072
Impairment of assets	3,495		24,332		—		—		27,827
Other expenses	2,989		513		1,007		1,783		6,292
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and other items	73,565		94,313		62,573		(154,761)		75,690
Income tax (expense) benefit	—		—		—		(5,442)		(5,442)
Income (loss) from unconsolidated entities	(11,024)		5,796		1,536		—		(3,692)
Gain (loss) on real estate dispositions, net	(149)		49,637		213,336		—		262,824
Income (loss) from continuing operations	62,392		149,746		277,445		(160,203)		329,380
Net income (loss)	$	62,392	$	149,746	$	277,445	$	(160,203)	$	329,380

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Our portfolio of properties and other investments are located in the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada. Revenues and assets are attributed to the country in which the property is physically located. The following is a summary of geographic information for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2021				March 31, 2020
Revenues:	Amount(1)		%		Amount		%
United States	$	825,648	78.5	%	$	1,027,781	81.6	%
United Kingdom	118,874		11.3	%	117,882		9.4	%
Canada	107,540		10.2	%	112,939		9.0	%
Total	$	1,052,062	100.0	%	$	1,258,602	100.0	%

	As of
	March 31, 2021				December 31, 2020
Assets:	Amount		%		Amount		%
United States	$	27,112,760	82.1	%	$	26,658,659	82.1	%
United Kingdom	3,415,851		10.4	%	3,352,549		10.3	%
Canada	2,463,640		7.5	%	2,472,434		7.6	%
Total	$	32,992,251	100.0	%	$	32,483,642	100.0	%

(1) The United States, United Kingdom and Canada represent 72%, 14% and 14%, respectively, of our resident fees and services revenue stream for the three months ended March 31, 2021.

19. Income Taxes and Distributions

We elected to be taxed as a REIT commencing with our first taxable year. To qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, at least 90% of taxable income (excluding 100% of net capital gains) must be distributed to stockholders. REITs that do not distribute a certain amount of taxable income in the current year are also subject to a 4% federal excise tax. The main differences between undistributed net income for federal income tax purposes and financial statement purposes are the recognition of straight-line rent for reporting purposes, basis differences in acquisitions, recording of impairments, differing useful lives and depreciation and amortization methods for real property and the provision for loan losses for reporting purposes versus bad debt expense for tax purposes.

Under the provisions of the REIT Investment Diversification and Empowerment Act of 2007 (“RIDEA”), for taxable years beginning after July 30, 2008, a REIT may lease “qualified health care properties” on an arm’s-length basis to a taxable REIT subsidiary (“TRS”) if the property is operated on behalf of such TRS by a person who qualifies as an “eligible independent contractor”. Generally, the rent received from the TRS will meet the related party rent exception and will be treated as “rents from real property”. A “qualified health care property” includes real property and any personal property that is, or is necessary or incidental to the use of, a hospital, nursing facility, assisted living facility, congregate care facility, qualified continuing care facility, or other licensed facility which extends medical or nursing or ancillary services to patients. We have entered into various joint ventures that were structured under RIDEA. Resident level rents and related operating expenses for these facilities are reported in the unaudited consolidated financial statements and are subject to federal and state income taxes as the operations of such facilities are included in TRS entities. Certain net operating loss carryforwards could be utilized to offset taxable income in future years.

Income taxes reflected in the financial statements primarily represents U.S. federal, state and local income taxes as well as non-U.S. income based or withholding taxes on certain investments located in jurisdictions outside the U.S. The provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, was primarily due to operating income or losses, offset by certain discrete items at our TRS entities. In 2014, we established certain wholly-owned direct and indirect subsidiaries in Luxembourg and Jersey and transferred interests in certain foreign investments into this holding company structure. The structure includes a property holding company that is tax resident in the United Kingdom. No material adverse current tax consequences in Luxembourg, Jersey or the United Kingdom resulted from the creation of this holding company structure and most of the subsidiary entities in the structure are treated as disregarded entities of the company for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Subsequent to 2014 we transferred certain subsidiaries to the United Kingdom, while some wholly-owned direct and indirect subsidiaries remain in Luxembourg and Jersey. The company reflects current and deferred tax liabilities for any such withholding taxes incurred from this holding company structure in its consolidated financial statements. Generally, given current statutes of limitations, we are subject to audit by the foreign, federal, state and local taxing authorities under applicable local laws.

WELLTOWER INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The CARES Act, among its economic stimulus provisions, includes a number of tax provisions relating to refundable payroll tax credits, deferment of employer side social security payments, net operating loss carrybacks, alternative minimum tax credit refunds, modifications to the net interest deduction limitations and technical corrections to tax depreciation methods for qualified improvement property. Certain of these provisions may impact the provision for taxes in our consolidated financial statements, including in particular the provision allowing for the carryback of net operating losses which would be applicable to our TRSs. We have made a reasonable estimate of the tax impact to us of the CARES Act in our consolidated financial statements, and while we do not believe that there will be further material impacts to the consolidated financial statements related to the CARES Act tax provisions, we will continue to evaluate the impact of the CARES Act and any guidance provided by the U.S. Treasury and the IRS on our consolidated financial statements. It is possible our estimates could differ materially from the actual tax impact to us of the CARES Act.

20. Variable Interest Entities

We have entered into joint ventures to own certain seniors housing and outpatient medical assets which are deemed to be VIEs. We have concluded that we are the primary beneficiary of these VIEs based on a combination of operational control of the joint venture and the rights to receive residual returns or the obligation to absorb losses arising from the joint ventures. Except for capital contributions associated with the initial joint venture formations, the joint ventures have been and are expected to be funded from the ongoing operations of the underlying properties. Accordingly, such joint ventures have been consolidated, and the table below summarizes the balance sheets of consolidated VIEs in the aggregate (in thousands):


	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
Assets:
Net real estate investments	$	451,975	$	454,333
Cash and cash equivalents	13,760		15,547
Receivables and other assets	12,669		11,171
Total assets (1)	$	478,404	$	481,051

Liabilities and equity:
Secured debt	$	165,225	$	165,671
Lease liabilities	1,325		1,325
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	16,860		14,997
Total equity	294,994		299,058
Total liabilities and equity	$	478,404	$	481,051

(1) Note that assets of the consolidated VIEs can only be used to settle obligations relating to such VIEs. Liabilities of the consolidated VIEs represent claims against the specific assets of the VIEs.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


			EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

			Company Overview			27
			Business Strategy			28
			Key Transactions			29
			Key Performance Indicators, Trends and Uncertainties			30
			Corporate Governance			32

			LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

			Sources and Uses of Cash			32
			Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements			33
			Contractual Obligations			33
			Capital Structure			33

			RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

			Summary			34
			Seniors Housing Operating			34
			Triple-net			36
			Outpatient Medical			38
			Non-Segment/Corporate			40

			OTHER

			Non-GAAP Financial Measures			41
			Critical Accounting Policies			47
			Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements			48

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis is based primarily on the unaudited consolidated financial statements of Welltower Inc. for the periods presented and should be read together with the notes thereto contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Other important factors are identified in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, including factors identified under the headings “Business,” “Risk Factors,” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations". References herein to “we,” “us,” “our,” or the “Company” refer to Welltower Inc. and its subsidiaries unless specifically noted otherwise.

Executive Summary

Company Overview

Welltower Inc. (NYSE:WELL), an S&P 500 company headquartered in Toledo, Ohio, is driving the transformation of health care infrastructure. The Company invests with leading seniors housing operators, post-acute providers and health systems to fund the real estate and infrastructure needed to scale innovative care delivery models and improve people’s wellness and overall health care experience. Welltower™, a real estate investment trust (“REIT”), owns interests in properties concentrated in major, high-growth markets in the United States (U.S.), Canada and the United Kingdom (U.K.), consisting of seniors housing and post-acute communities and outpatient medical properties.

The following table summarizes our consolidated portfolio for the three months ended March 31, 2021 (dollars in thousands):


			Percentage of		Number of
Type of Property	NOI (1)		NOI		Properties
Seniors Housing Operating	$	170,434	39.2	%	559
Triple-net	155,641		35.7	%	649
Outpatient Medical	109,360		25.1	%	290
Totals	$	435,435	100.0	%	1,498

(1) Represents consolidated NOI and excludes our share of investments in unconsolidated entities. Entities in which we have a joint venture with a minority partner are shown at 100% of the joint venture amount. See Non-GAAP Financial Measures for additional information and reconciliation.

The COVID-19 pandemic has had and may continue to have material and adverse effects on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows in the future. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic impacts our operations and those of our operators and tenants will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and cannot be predicted with confidence, including the scope, severity and duration of the pandemic, the effectiveness of vaccines, the actions taken to contain the pandemic or mitigate its impact and the direct and indirect economic effects of the pandemic and containment measures, among others.

Our Seniors Housing Operating revenues are dependent on occupancy. Spot occupancy has continued to decline since the beginning of the pandemic, dropping to 73.6% as of March 31, 2021 compared to 75.9% as of December 31, 2020. Approximately 99% of communities are currently accepting new residents, resulting in an acceleration in move-in activity and an increase in occupancy of approximately 60 basis points from a pandemic-low on March 12, 2021 to 73.8% on April 23, 2021. Additionally, rapid distribution and a high acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccinations by residents within assisted living and memory care facilities in the U.S. and U.K. has resulted in a significant decrease in total resident case counts since mid-January 2021 across the portfolio.

We have incurred increased operational costs as a result of the introduction of public health measures and other regulations affecting our properties, as well as additional health and safety measures adopted by us and our operators related to the COVID-19 pandemic, including increases in labor, personal protective equipment and sanitation. We expect total Seniors Housing Operating expenses to remain elevated during the pandemic and potentially beyond as these additional health and safety measures become standard practice.

Our Triple-net operators are experiencing similar occupancy declines and operating costs as described above with respect to our Seniors Housing Operating properties. However, long-term/post-acute care facilities are generally experiencing a higher degree of occupancy declines. These factors may continue to impact the ability of our Triple-net operators to make contractual rent payments to us in the future. Many of our Triple-net operators received funds under the Coronavirus Aid Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) Paycheck Protection Program. In addition, operators of long-term/post-acute care facilities have generally received funds from Phase 1 of the Provider Relief Fund and operators of assisted living facilities have generally received funds from Phase 2 and Phase 3 of the Provider Relief Fund.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

During the early stages of the pandemic in 2020, our Outpatient Medical tenants experienced temporary medical practice closures or decreases in revenue due to government-imposed restrictions on elective medical procedures, stay at home orders or decisions by patients to delay treatments. These factors caused operators or tenants, in certain circumstances, to seek modifications of rent obligations. We evaluated each request on a case-by-case basis to determine if a form of rent relief was warranted following an examination of the tenant’s financial health, rent coverage, current operating situation and other factors. Virtually all deferred rent has been repaid as of March 31, 2021.

During the first quarter, we collected approximately 96% of rent due from operators under Triple-net lease agreements (primarily seniors housing and post-acute care facilities). No significant rent deferrals or rent concessions have been made. In the Outpatient Medical segment we collected 99% of rent due in the first quarter, with uncollected amounts primarily attributable to local jurisdictions with COVID-19 related ordinances providing temporary rent relief to tenants. For both our Triple-net operators and Outpatient Medical tenants, we evaluate leases individually and recognize rent on a cash basis if collectibility of substantially all contractual rent payments is not probable. To the extent the prolonged impact of the COVID-19 pandemic causes operators or tenants to seek further modifications of their lease agreements, we may recognize reductions in revenue and increases in uncollectible receivables.

Business Strategy

Our primary objectives are to protect stockholder capital and enhance stockholder value. We seek to pay consistent cash dividends to stockholders and create opportunities to increase dividend payments to stockholders as a result of annual increases in NOI and portfolio growth. To meet these objectives, we invest across the full spectrum of seniors housing and health care real estate and diversify our investment portfolio by property type, relationship and geographic location.

Substantially all of our revenues are derived from operating lease rentals, resident fees and services and interest earned on outstanding loans receivable. These items represent our primary sources of liquidity to fund distributions and depend upon the continued ability of our obligors to make contractual rent and interest payments to us and the profitability of our operating properties. To the extent that our obligors/partners experience operating difficulties and become unable to generate sufficient cash to make payments or operating distributions to us, there could be a material adverse impact on our consolidated results of operations, liquidity and/or financial condition. To mitigate this risk, we monitor our investments through a variety of methods determined by the type of property. Our asset management process for seniors housing properties generally includes review of monthly financial statements and other operating data for each property, review of obligor/partner creditworthiness, property inspections and review of covenant compliance relating to licensure, real estate taxes, letters of credit and other collateral. Our internal property management division manages and monitors the outpatient medical portfolio with a comprehensive process including review of tenant relations, lease expirations, the mix of health service providers, hospital/health system relationships, property performance, capital improvement needs and market conditions among other things. We evaluate the operating environment in each property’s market to determine the likely trend in operating performance of the facility. When we identify unacceptable trends, we seek to mitigate, eliminate or transfer the risk. Through these efforts, we generally aim to intervene at an early stage to address any negative trends, and in so doing, support both the collectability of revenue and the value of our investment.

In addition to our asset management and research efforts, we also aim to structure our relevant investments to mitigate payment risk. Operating leases and loans are normally credit enhanced by guarantees and/or letters of credit. In addition, operating leases are typically structured as master leases and loans are generally cross-defaulted and cross-collateralized with other real estate loans, operating leases or agreements between us and the obligor and its affiliates.

For the three months ended March 31, 2021, resident fees and services and rental income represented 69% and 29%, respectively, of total revenues. Substantially all of our operating leases are designed with escalating rent structures. Leases with fixed annual rental escalators are generally recognized on a straight-line basis over the initial lease period, subject to a collectability assessment. Rental income related to leases with contingent rental escalators is generally recorded based on the contractual cash rental payments due for the period. Our yield on loans receivable depends upon a number of factors, including the stated interest rate, the average principal amount outstanding during the term of the loan and any interest rate adjustments.

Our primary sources of cash include resident fees and services, rent and interest receipts, borrowings under our unsecured revolving credit facility and commercial paper program, public issuances of debt and equity securities, proceeds from investment dispositions and principal payments on loans receivable. Our primary uses of cash include dividend distributions, debt service payments (including principal and interest), real property investments (including acquisitions, capital expenditures, construction advances and transaction costs), loan advances, property operating expenses and general and administrative expenses. Depending upon the availability and cost of external capital, we believe our liquidity is sufficient to fund these uses of cash.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

We also continuously evaluate opportunities to finance future investments. New investments are generally funded from temporary borrowings under our unsecured revolving credit facility and commercial paper program, internally generated cash and the proceeds from investment dispositions. Our investments generate cash from NOI and principal payments on loans receivable. Permanent financing for future investments, which replaces funds drawn under our unsecured revolving credit facility and commercial paper program, has historically been provided through a combination of the issuance of public debt and equity securities and the incurrence or assumption of secured debt.

Depending upon market conditions, we believe that new investments will be available in the future with spreads over our cost of capital that will generate appropriate returns to our stockholders. It is also likely that investment dispositions may occur in the future. To the extent that investment dispositions exceed new investments, our revenues and cash flows from operations could be adversely affected. We expect to reinvest the proceeds from any investment dispositions in new investments. To the extent that new investment requirements exceed our available cash on-hand, we expect to borrow under our unsecured revolving credit facility and commercial paper program. At March 31, 2021, we had $2,131,846,000 of cash and cash equivalents, $426,976,000 of restricted cash and $3,000,000,000 of available borrowing capacity under our unsecured revolving credit facility.

Key Transactions

Capital The following summarizes key capital transaction that occurred during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and subsequent events:

•During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we extinguished $41,933,000 of secured debt at a blended average interest rate of 7.60%.

•During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we sold 2,214,760 shares of common stock under our ATM program via forward sale agreements, generating future expected gross proceeds of approximately $160,375,000.

•On March 25, 2021, we completed the issuance of $750,000,000 senior unsecured notes bearing interest at 2.80% with a maturity date of June 2031. On April 15, 2021, net proceeds were used to redeem $339,128,000 of our 3.75% senior unsecured notes due March 2023 and $334,624,000 of our 3.95% senior unsecured notes due September 2023. We expect to recognize a loss on extinguishment of approximately $51 million in April in conjunction with the transaction.

Investments The following summarizes our property acquisitions and joint venture investments completed during the three months ended March 31, 2021 (dollars in thousands):


	Properties	Investment Amount (1)		Capitalization Rates (2)		Book Amount (3)
Seniors Housing Operating	1	$	5,000	9.6	%	$	5,070
Triple-net	11	190,416		6.1	%	194,516
Outpatient Medical	1	13,997		5.9	%	14,282
Totals	13	$	209,413	6.2	%	$	213,868

(1) Represents stated pro rata purchase price including cash and any assumed debt but excludes fair value adjustments pursuant to U.S. GAAP.
(2) Represents annualized contractual or projected net operating income to be received in cash divided by investment amounts.
(3) Represents amounts recorded in net real estate investments including fair value adjustments pursuant to U.S. GAAP. See Note 3 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Dispositions The following summarizes property dispositions completed during the three months ended March 31, 2021 (dollars in thousands):


	Properties	Proceeds (1)		Capitalization Rates (2)		Book Amount (3)
Seniors Housing Operating	4	$	57,501	6.1	%	$	74,326

Outpatient Medical	8	158,878		5.2	%	137,890
Totals	12	$	216,379	5.5	%	$	212,216

(1) Represents pro rata proceeds received upon disposition including any seller financing.
(2) Represents annualized contractual income that was being received in cash at date of disposition divided by disposition proceeds.
(3) Represents carrying value of net real estate assets at time of disposition. See Note 5 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Dividends Our Board of Directors declared a cash dividend for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 of $0.61 per share. On May 20, 2021, we will pay our 200th consecutive quarterly cash dividend to stockholders of record on May 11, 2021.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Key Performance Indicators, Trends and Uncertainties

We utilize several key performance indicators to evaluate the various aspects of our business. These indicators are discussed below and relate to operating performance, credit strength and concentration risk. Management uses these key performance indicators to facilitate internal and external comparisons to our historical operating results, in making operating decisions and for budget planning purposes.

Operating Performance We believe that net income and net income attributable to common stockholders (“NICS”) per the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income are the most appropriate earnings measures. Other useful supplemental measures of our operating performance include funds from operations attributable to common stockholders (“FFO”) and consolidated net operating income (“NOI”); however, these supplemental measures are not defined by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”). Please refer to the section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for further discussion and reconciliations. These earnings measures are widely used by investors and analysts in the valuation, comparison and investment recommendations of companies. The following table reflects the recent historical trends of our operating performance measures for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,		December 31,		September 30,		June 30,		March 31,
	2021		2020		2020		2020		2020
Net income (loss)	$	72,192	$	155,278	$	394,978	$	159,216	$	329,380
NICS	71,546		163,729		325,585		179,246		310,284
FFO	287,167		225,827		185,014		335,597		356,124
NOI	434,736		501,455		402,157		527,711		576,821

Credit Strength We measure our credit strength both in terms of leverage ratios and coverage ratios. The leverage ratios indicate how much of our balance sheet capitalization is related to long-term debt, net of cash and Internal Revenue Code Section 1031 deposits. The coverage ratios indicate our ability to service interest and fixed charges (interest and secured debt principal amortization). We expect to maintain capitalization ratios and coverage ratios sufficient to maintain a capital structure consistent with our current profile. The coverage ratios are based on earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”). Please refer to the section entitled “Non-GAAP Financial Measures” for further discussion and reconciliation of these measures. Leverage ratios and coverage ratios are widely used by investors, analysts and rating agencies in the valuation, comparison, investment recommendations and rating of companies. The following table reflects the recent historical trends for our credit strength measures for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,	December 31,	September 30,	June 30,	March 31,
	2021	2020	2020	2020	2020

Net debt to book capitalization ratio	42%	41%	41%	43%	44%
Net debt to undepreciated book capitalization ratio	34%	34%	34%	35%	37%
Net debt to market capitalization ratio	28%	30%	33%	36%	40%

Interest coverage ratio	3.56x	4.20x	6.23x	4.29x	5.42x
Fixed charge coverage ratio	3.16x	3.72x	5.52x	3.84x	4.88x

Concentration Risk We evaluate our concentration risk in terms of NOI by property mix, relationship mix and geographic mix. Concentration risk is a valuable measure in understanding what portion of our NOI could be at risk if certain sectors were to experience downturns. Property mix measures the portion of our NOI that relates to our various property types. Relationship mix measures the portion of our NOI that relates to our current top five relationships. Geographic mix measures the portion of our NOI that relates to our current top five states (or international equivalents). The following table reflects our recent historical trends of concentration risk by NOI for the periods indicated below:

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,	December 31,	September 30,	June 30,	March 31,
	2021	2020	2020	2020	2020
Property mix:(1)
Seniors Housing Operating	39%	32%	43%	34%	42%
Triple-net	36%	45%	27%	42%	34%
Outpatient Medical	25%	23%	30%	24%	24%

Relationship mix: (1)
Sunrise Senior Living (2)	14%	12%	15%	10%	14%
ProMedica	12%	11%	13%	10%	9%
Genesis Healthcare (3)	6%	6%	(16)%	6%	5%
Revera (2)	5%	4%	6%	5%	6%
Avery Healthcare	5%	4%	5%	3%	3%
Remaining relationships	58%	63%	77%	66%	63%

Geographic mix:(1)
California	15%	12%	17%	14%	15%
United Kingdom	10%	11%	12%	8%	9%
New Jersey(3)	7%	7%	(5)%	7%	8%
Texas	7%	10%	12%	10%	7%
Canada	7%	5%	8%	6%	7%
Remaining geographic areas	54%	55%	56%	55%	54%

(1) Excludes our share of investments in unconsolidated entities and non-segment/corporate NOI. Entities in which we have a joint venture with a minority partner are shown at 100% of the joint venture amount.
(2) Revera owns a controlling interest in Sunrise Senior Living.
(3) During the three months ended September 30, 2020, we reserved for straight-line rent receivable balances of $91,025,000 relating to Genesis Healthcare.

Lease Expirations The following table sets forth information regarding lease expirations for certain portions of our portfolio as of March 31, 2021 (dollars in thousands):


	Expiration Year (1)
	2021			2022			2023			2024			2025			2026			2027			2028			2029			2030			Thereafter
Triple-net:
Properties	67			8			10			4			28			66			18			15			14			23			385
Base rent (2)	$	—		$	2,913		$	2,482		$	11,431		$	6,147		$	75,872		$	32,044		$	16,797		$	31,393		$	42,135		$	342,413
% of base rent	—		%	0.5		%	0.4		%	2.0		%	1.1		%	13.5		%	5.7		%	3.0		%	5.6		%	7.5		%	60.7		%
Units/beds	8,858			862			1,419			777			1,759			5,032			2,350			1,633			1,214			2,439			38,128
% of Units/beds	13.7		%	1.3		%	2.2		%	1.2		%	2.7		%	7.8		%	3.6		%	2.5		%	1.9		%	3.8		%	59.3		%

Outpatient Medical:
Square feet	1,099,300			1,588,578			1,749,388			1,944,154			1,025,052			1,212,424			993,193			897,601			718,767			1,391,512			3,848,566
Base rent (2)	$	33,421		$	47,751		$	49,075		$	59,119		$	28,696		$	32,311		$	25,537		$	23,587		$	20,824		$	34,873		$	83,241
% of base rent	7.6		%	10.9		%	11.2		%	13.5		%	6.5		%	7.4		%	5.8		%	5.4		%	4.7		%	8.0		%	19.0		%
Leases	280			335			362			308			213			203			129			113			71			90			144
% of Leases	12.5		%	14.9		%	16.1		%	13.7		%	9.5		%	9.0		%	5.7		%	5.0		%	3.2		%	4.0		%	6.4		%

(1) Excludes investments in unconsolidated entities, developments, land parcels, loans receivable and sub-leases. Investments classified as held for sale are included in the current year.
(2) The most recent monthly cash base rent annualized. Base rent does not include tenant recoveries or amortization of above and below market lease intangibles or other non-cash income.

We evaluate our key performance indicators in conjunction with current expectations to determine if historical trends are indicative of future results. Our expected results may not be achieved and actual results may differ materially from our expectations. Factors that may cause actual results to differ from expected results are described in more detail in “Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and other sections of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Management regularly monitors economic and other factors to develop strategic and tactical plans designed to improve performance and maximize our competitive position. Our ability to achieve our financial objectives is dependent upon our ability to effectively execute these plans and to appropriately respond to emerging economic and company-specific trends. Please refer to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, under the headings “Business,” “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Corporate Governance

Maintaining investor confidence and trust is important in today’s business environment. Our Board of Directors and management are strongly committed to policies and procedures that reflect the highest level of ethical business practices. Our corporate governance guidelines provide the framework for our business operations and emphasize our commitment to increase stockholder value while meeting all applicable legal requirements. These guidelines meet the listing standards adopted by the New York Stock Exchange and are available on the Internet at www.welltower.com/investors/governance. The information on our website is not incorporated by reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and our web address is included as an inactive textual reference only.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Sources and Uses of Cash

Our primary sources of cash include resident fees and services, rent and interest receipts, borrowings under our unsecured revolving credit facility and commercial paper program, public issuances of debt and equity securities, proceeds from investment dispositions and principal payments on loans receivable. Our primary uses of cash include dividend distributions, debt service payments (including principal and interest), real property investments (including acquisitions, capital expenditures, construction advances and transaction costs), loan advances, property operating expenses and general and administrative expenses. These sources and uses of cash are reflected in our Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and are discussed in further detail below. The following is a summary of our sources and uses of cash flows for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Change
	March 31, 2021		March 31, 2020		$		%
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	$	2,021,043	$	385,766	$	1,635,277	424	%
Cash provided from (used in) operating activities	303,658		411,857		(108,199)		(26)	%
Cash provided from (used in) investing activities	(139,140)		149,748		(288,888)		(193)	%
Cash provided from (used in) financing activities	371,903		(544,295)		916,198		168	%
Effect of foreign currency translation	1,358		(10,010)		11,368		114	%
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period	$	2,558,822	$	393,066	$	2,165,756	551	%

Operating Activities The changes in net cash provided from operating activities are primarily attributable to declines in revenue as a result of decreased occupancy at our Seniors Housing Operating properties, straight-line receivable reserves related to Triple-net leases during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and dispositions. Please see “Results of Operations” for discussion of net income fluctuations. For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, cash flows provided from operations exceeded cash distributions to stockholders.

Investing Activities The changes in net cash provided from/used in investing activities are primarily attributable to net changes in real property investments and dispositions, loans receivable and investments in unconsolidated entities, which are summarized above in “Key Transactions” and Notes 3 and 5 of our unaudited consolidated financial statements. The following is a summary of cash used in non-acquisition capital improvement activities for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Change
	March 31, 2021		March 31, 2020		$
New development	$	73,605	$	48,775	$	24,830
Recurring capital expenditures, tenant improvements and lease commissions	10,754		22,566		(11,812)
Renovations, redevelopments and other capital improvements	18,026		46,816		(28,790)
Total	$	102,385	$	118,157	$	(15,772)

The change in new development is primarily due to the number and size of construction projects on-going during the relevant periods. Renovations, redevelopments and other capital improvements include expenditures to maximize property value, increase net operating income, maintain a market-competitive position and/or achieve property stabilization.

Financing Activities The changes in net cash provided from/used in financing activities are primarily attributable to changes related to our long-term debt arrangements, the issuances of common stock and dividend payments which are summarized above in "Key Transactions". Please refer to Notes 10, 11 and 14 of our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

On March 25, 2021, we completed the issuance of $750,000,000 senior unsecured notes with a maturity date of June 2031. On April 15, 2021, net proceeds were used to redeem the remaining $339,128,000 of our 3.75% senior unsecured notes due 2023 and $334,624,000 of our 3.95% senior unsecured notes due 2023. As of March 31, 2021, we have total near-term available liquidity of approximately $5.1 billion. However, we are unable to accurately predict the full impact that the pandemic will have on our results from operations, financial condition, liquidity and cash flows due to numerous factors discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, including factors identified under the heading “Risk Factors".

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

At March 31, 2021, we had investments in unconsolidated entities with our ownership generally ranging from 10% to 65%. We use financial derivative instruments to hedge interest rate and foreign currency exchange rate exposure. At March 31, 2021, we had 10 outstanding letter of credit obligations. Please see Notes 8, 12 and 13 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our payment requirements under contractual obligations as of March 31, 2021 (in thousands):


	Payments Due by Period
Contractual Obligations	Total		2021		2022-2023		2024-2025		Thereafter

Senior unsecured notes and term credit facilities: (1)
U.S. Dollar senior unsecured notes	$	9,023,752	$	—	$	673,752	$	2,600,000	$	5,750,000
Canadian Dollar senior unsecured notes (2)	238,620		—		—		—		238,620
Pounds Sterling senior unsecured notes (2)	1,448,370		—		—		—		1,448,370
U.S. Dollar term credit facility	1,370,000		—		1,370,000		—		—
Canadian Dollar term credit facility (2)	198,850		—		198,850		—		—
Secured debt: (1,2)
Consolidated	2,336,172		438,772		837,504		364,577		695,319
Unconsolidated	1,139,839		16,407		238,886		608,952		275,594
Contractual interest obligations: (3)

Senior unsecured notes and term loans (2)	3,977,707		320,376		862,041		694,592		2,100,698
Consolidated secured debt (2)	296,984		52,586		97,575		58,678		88,145
Unconsolidated secured debt (2)	204,961		28,292		70,570		45,104		60,995
Financing lease liabilities (4)	193,288		6,551		77,850		2,864		106,023
Operating lease liabilities (4)	981,936		14,985		37,538		33,341		896,072
Purchase obligations (5)	792,829		363,539		372,211		49,804		7,275

Total contractual obligations	$	22,203,308	$	1,241,508	$	4,836,777	$	4,457,912	$	11,667,111


(1) Amounts represent principal amounts due and do not reflect unamortized premiums/discounts or other fair value adjustments as reflected on the balance sheet.
(2) Based on foreign currency exchange rates in effect as of balance sheet date.
(3) Based on variable interest rates in effect as of balance sheet date.
(4) See Note 6 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.
(5) See Note 13 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements for additional information.

Capital Structure

Please refer to “Credit Strength” above for a discussion of our leverage and coverage ratio trends. Our debt agreements contain various covenants, restrictions and events of default. Certain agreements require us to maintain financial ratios and minimum net worth and impose certain limits on our ability to incur indebtedness, create liens and make investments or acquisitions. As of March 31, 2021, we were in compliance with all covenants under our primary unsecured credit facilities and senior note agreements. None of our debt agreements contain provisions for acceleration which could be triggered by our debt ratings. However, under our primary unsecured credit facility, the ratings on our senior unsecured notes are used to determine the fees and interest charged. We plan to manage the company to maintain compliance with our debt covenants and with a capital structure consistent with our current profile. Any downgrades in terms of ratings or outlook by any or all of the rating agencies could have a material adverse impact on our cost and availability of capital, which could have a material adverse impact on our consolidated results of operations, liquidity and/or financial condition.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

On May 17, 2018, we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (1) an open-ended automatic or “universal” shelf registration statement covering an indeterminate amount of future offerings of debt securities, common stock, preferred stock, depositary shares, warrants and units and (2) a registration statement in connection with our enhanced dividend reinvestment plan (“DRIP”) under which we may issue up to 15,000,000 shares of common stock. As of April 23, 2021, 2,541,750 shares of common stock remained available for issuance under the DRIP registration statement. On February 25, 2019, we entered into separate amended and restated equity distribution agreements with each of Barclays Capital Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Credit Agricole Securities (USA) Inc., Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC, J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, MUFG Securities Americas Inc., RBC Capital Markets, LLC, UBS Securities LLC and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC relating to the offer and sale from time to time of up to $1,500,000,000 aggregate amount of our common stock (“Equity Shelf Program”). The Equity Shelf Program also allows us to enter into forward sale agreements. As of April 23, 2021, we had $499,341,000 of remaining capacity under the Equity Shelf Program, which excludes forward sales agreements outstanding for the sale of 3,704,787 shares or approximately $272,059,000 with maturity dates in 2022. We expect to physically settle the forward sales for cash proceeds. Depending upon market conditions, we anticipate issuing securities under our registration statements to invest in additional properties and to repay borrowings under our unsecured revolving credit facility and commercial paper program.

Results of Operations

Summary

Our primary sources of revenue include resident fees and services, rent and interest income. Our primary expenses include property operating expenses, depreciation and amortization, interest expense, general and administrative expenses and other expenses. We evaluate our business and make resource allocations on our three business segments: Seniors Housing Operating, Triple-net and Outpatient Medical. The primary performance measures for our properties are NOI and same store NOI ("SSNOI"), and other supplemental measures include FFO and EBITDA, which are further discussed below. Please see Non-GAAP Financial Measures for additional information and reconciliations. The following is a summary of our results of operations (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):


	Three Months Ended						Change
	March 31,			March 31,
	2021			2020			Amount			%
Net income	$	72,192		$	329,380		$	(257,188)		(78)	%
NICS	71,546			310,284			(238,738)			(77)	%
FFO	287,167			356,124			(68,957)			(19)	%
EBITDA	443,703			751,630			(307,927)			(41)	%
NOI	434,736			576,821			(142,085)			(25)	%
SSNOI	395,076			461,491			(66,415)			(14)	%
Per share data (fully diluted):
NICS	$	0.17		$	0.75		$	(0.58)		(77)	%
FFO	$	0.69		$	0.86		$	(0.17)		(20)	%

Interest coverage ratio	3.56		x	5.42		x	(1.86)		x	(34)	%
Fixed charge coverage ratio	3.16		x	4.88		x	(1.72)		x	(35)	%

Seniors Housing Operating

The following is a summary of our SSNOI at Welltower's Share for the Seniors Housing Operating segment (dollars in thousands):


	QTD Pool
	Three Months Ended				Change
	March 31, 2021		March 31, 2020		$		%
SSNOI (1)	$	156,791	$	219,756	$	(62,965)	(28.7)	%

(1) For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, amounts relate to 526 same store properties, respectively. Please see Non-GAAP Financial Measures for additional information and reconciliations.

The following is a summary of our results of operations for the Seniors Housing Operating segment (dollars in thousands):

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


	Three Months Ended				Change
	March 31,		March 31,
	2021		2020		$		%
Revenues:
Resident fees and services	$	723,464	$	849,972	$	(126,508)	(15)	%
Interest income	1,119		104		1,015		976	%
Other income	1,819		1,052		767		73	%
Total revenues	726,402		851,128		(124,726)		(15)	%
Property operating expenses	555,968		607,871		(51,903)		(9)	%
NOI (1)	170,434		243,257		(72,823)		(30)	%
Other expenses:
Depreciation and amortization	132,586		146,774		(14,188)		(10)	%
Interest expense	11,418		16,434		(5,016)		(31)	%
Loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt, net	(4,643)		—		(4,643)		n/a
Provision for loan losses	251		—		251		n/a
Impairment of assets	4,604		3,495		1,109		32	%
Other expenses	3,459		2,989		470		16	%
	147,675		169,692		(22,017)		(13)	%
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and other items	22,759		73,565		(50,806)		(69)	%

Income (loss) from unconsolidated entities	5,234		(11,024)		16,258		147	%
Gain (loss) on real estate dispositions, net	5,195		(149)		5,344		n/a
Income from continuing operations	33,188		62,392		(29,204)		(47)	%
Net income (loss)	33,188		62,392		(29,204)		(47)	%
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(4,924)		(1,932)		(2,992)		n/a
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	38,112	$	64,324	$	(26,212)	(41)	%

(1) See Non-GAAP Financial Measures below.

Decreases in resident fees and services and property operating expenses are primarily a result of decreases in occupancy across the portfolio due to the COVID-19 pandemic and property dispositions. Spot occupancy has continued to decline since the beginning of the pandemic, dropping to 73.6% as of March 31, 2021 compared to 75.9% as of December 31, 2020. Spot occupancy rates from the start of the pandemic through March 31, 2021 are as follows:


	February 2020		December 2020		January 2021		February 2021		March 2021
Spot occupancy (1)	85.4	%	75.9	%	74.4	%	73.6	%	73.6	%
Sequential occupancy change					(1.5)	%	(0.8)	%	—	%

Property-level operating expenses associated with the COVID-19 pandemic relating to our Seniors Housing Operating portfolio, net of reimbursements including Provider Relief Funds and similar programs in the U.K. and Canada, resulted in a benefit of approximately $21,204,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 as compared to an expense of $7,294,000 during the three months ended March 31, 2020. These costs included higher labor expenses, coupled with expenditures related to procurement of personal protective equipment and other supplies, net of any reimbursements.

In 2020 applications were made for amounts under Phase 2 and Phase 3 of the Provider Relief Fund related to our Seniors Housing Operating portfolio. During the first quarter, we received Provider Relief Funds of approximately $35,682,000, which was recognized as a reduction to COVID-19 costs within property operating expenses.

The fluctuations in depreciation and amortization are due to acquisitions, dispositions and transitions. To the extent that we acquire or dispose of additional properties in the future, these amounts will change accordingly.

During the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, we recorded impairment charges of $4,604,000 and $3,495,000, respectively, related to held for use properties in which the carrying values exceed the estimated fair value. Transaction costs related to asset acquisitions are capitalized as a component of the purchase price. Changes in the gain on sales of properties are related to the volume and timing of property sales and the sales prices. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we recognized a gain on real estate disposition of $5,195,000 related to four properties. The fluctuation in other expenses is primarily due to the timing of noncapitalizable transaction costs associated with acquisitions and operator transitions.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, there were no Seniors Housing Operating construction projects completed. The following is a summary of our Seniors Housing Operating construction projects, excluding expansions, pending as of March 31, 2021 (dollars in thousands):


Location	Units	Commitment		Balance		Est. Completion
Potomac, MD	120	$	56,720	$	55,657	2Q21
Beckenham, UK	100	64,970		50,660		4Q21
Barnet, UK	100	71,453		45,194		4Q21
Hendon, UK	102	76,557		54,698		4Q21
Georgetown, TX	188	36,215		5,308		4Q21
Princeton, NJ	80	29,780		18,559		3Q22
Berea, OH	120	14,934		2,344		4Q22
Painesville, OH	119	14,462		1,857		4Q22
Beaver, PA	116	14,184		2,390		4Q22
	1,045	$	379,275	236,667
Toronto, ON	Project in planning stage			47,970
Brookline, MA	Project in planning stage			24,632
Washington, DC	Project in planning stage			24,467
Columbus, OH	Project in planning stage			11,634
Brookhaven, GA	Project in planning stage			6,804
Raleigh, NC	Project in planning stage			3,407
				$	355,581

Interest expense represents secured debt interest expense which fluctuates based on the net effect and timing of assumptions, segment transitions, fluctuations in foreign currency rates, extinguishments and principal amortizations. The fluctuations in loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt is primarily attributable to the volume of extinguishments and terms of the related secured debt. The following is a summary of our Seniors Housing Operating segment property secured debt principal activity (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2021				March 31, 2020
			Wtd. Avg.				Wtd. Avg.
	Amount		Interest Rate		Amount		Interest Rate
Beginning balance	$	1,706,189	3.05	%	$	2,115,037	3.54	%

Debt issued	—		—	%	44,921		2.58	%

Debt extinguished	(41,933)		7.60	%	(16,040)		4.51	%


Principal payments	(12,261)		3.26	%	(12,174)		3.49	%
Foreign currency	15,283		2.81	%	(86,818)		3.25	%
Ending balance	$	1,667,278	2.89	%	$	2,044,926	3.56	%

Monthly averages	$	1,688,213	2.99	%	$	2,080,448	3.54	%

The majority of our Seniors Housing Operating properties are formed through partnership interests. Income from unconsolidated entities recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2021 is primarily due to a gain on sale recognized from the sale of a home health business owned by one of our unconsolidated entities, offset by losses from unconsolidated entities largely attributable to depreciation and amortization of short-lived intangible assets related to certain investments in unconsolidated joint ventures. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests represents our partners’ share of net income (loss) related to joint ventures.

Triple-net

The following is a summary of our SSNOI at Welltower's Share for the Triple-net segment (dollars in thousands):


	QTD Pool
	Three Months Ended				Change
	March 31, 2021		March 31, 2020		$		%



SSNOI (1)	$	141,089	$	147,527	$	(6,438)	(4.4)	%

(1) For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, amounts relate to 553 same store properties, respectively. Please see Non-GAAP Financial Measures for additional information and reconciliations.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following is a summary of our results of operations for the Triple-net segment (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Change
	March 31,		March 31,
	2021		2020		$		%
Revenues:
Rental income	$	152,463	$	191,385	$	(38,922)	(20)	%
Interest income	14,922		14,671		251		2	%
Other income	1,097		1,673		(576)		(34)	%
Total revenues	168,482		207,729		(39,247)		(19)	%
Property operating expenses	12,841		13,302		(461)		(3)	%
NOI (1)	155,641		194,427		(38,786)		(20)	%
Other expenses:
Depreciation and amortization	56,667		57,694		(1,027)		(2)	%
Interest expense	1,882		2,852		(970)		(34)	%
Loss (gain) on derivatives and financial instruments, net	1,934		7,651		(5,717)		(75)	%

Provision for loan losses	853		7,072		(6,219)		(88)	%
Impairment of assets	18,964		24,332		(5,368)		(22)	%
Other expenses	4,983		513		4,470		871	%
	85,283		100,114		(14,831)		(15)	%
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and other items	70,358		94,313		(23,955)		(25)	%

Income (loss) from unconsolidated entities	4,907		5,796		(889)		(15)	%
Gain (loss) on real estate dispositions, net	2,042		49,637		(47,595)		(96)	%
Income from continuing operations	77,307		149,746		(72,439)		(48)	%
Net income	77,307		149,746		(72,439)		(48)	%
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	3,400		18,575		(15,175)		(82)	%
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	73,907	$	131,171	$	(57,264)	(44)	%

(1) See Non-GAAP Financial Measures below.

Continued decreases in rental income are primarily attributable to the reserve for straight-line rent receivables balances of $49,241,000 and $32,268,000 during the three month periods ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, relating to leases for which collection of substantially all contractual lease payments was no longer deemed probable. Certain of our leases contain annual rental escalators that are contingent upon changes in the Consumer Price Index and/or changes in the gross operating revenues of the tenant’s properties. These escalators are not fixed, so no straight-line rent is recorded; however, rental income is recorded based on the contractual cash rental payments due for the period. If gross operating revenues at our facilities and/or the Consumer Price Index do not increase, a portion of our revenues may not continue to increase. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, we had 16 leases with rental rate increases ranging from 0.25% to 10.00% in our Triple-net portfolio. Our Triple-net operators are experiencing similar impacts on occupancy and operating costs due to the COVID-19 pandemic as described above with respect to our Seniors Housing Operating properties. However, long-term/post-acute facilities are generally experiencing a higher degree of occupancy declines which may impact the ability of our Triple-net operators to make contractual rent payments to us in the future. Many of our Triple-net operators received funds under the CARES Act Paycheck Protection Program. In addition, operators of long-term/post-acute facilities have generally received funds from Phase 1 of the Provider Relief Fund and operators of assisted living facilities have received funds from Phase 2 and Phase 3 of the Provider Relief Fund. During the first quarter, we collected approximately 96% of rent due from operators under Triple-net lease agreements (primarily seniors housing and post-acute care facilities). No significant rent deferrals or rent concessions have been made. We evaluate leases individually and recognize rent on a cash basis if collectibility of substantially all contractual rent payments is not probable.

Depreciation and amortization fluctuates as a result of the acquisitions, dispositions and transitions of triple-net properties. To the extent we acquire or dispose of additional properties in the future, our provision for depreciation and amortization will change accordingly.

In March 2020, we recognized a provision for loan losses of $6,898,000 to fully reserve for a non-real estate loans receivable that was no longer deemed collectible. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we recorded impairment charges of $18,964,000 related to one held for sale property and two held for use properties. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we recorded impairment charges of $24,332,000 related to two held for use properties. Changes in the gain on sales of properties are related to the volume and timing of property sales and the sales prices. Transaction costs related to asset acquisitions are capitalized as a component of purchase price. The fluctuation in other expenses is primarily due to noncapitalizable transaction costs from acquisitions and segment transitions.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we completed one Triple-net construction project representing $22,990,000 or $280,366 per unit. The following is a summary of Triple-net construction projects, excluding expansions, pending as of March 31, 2021 (dollars in thousands):


Location	Units/Beds	Commitment		Balance		Est. Completion
Redhill, UK	76	$	21,932	$	12,097	2Q21
Leicester, UK	60	15,449		6,495		1Q22
London, UK	82	44,508		22,738		2Q22
Wombourne, UK	66	16,553		6,434		2Q22
Rugby, UK	76	21,123		3,782		4Q22
Raleigh, NC	191	154,256		20,185		2Q23
	551	$	273,821	$	71,731

Loss (gain) on derivatives and financial instruments, net is primarily attributable to the mark-to-market adjustment recorded on our Genesis Healthcare available-for-sale investment. Interest expense represents secured debt interest expense and related fees. The change in secured debt interest expense is due to the net effect and timing of assumptions, segment transitions, fluctuations in foreign currency rates, extinguishments and principal amortizations. The following is a summary of our Triple-net secured debt principal activity for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2021				March 31, 2020
			Wtd. Avg.				Wtd. Avg.
	Amount		Interest Rate		Amount		Interest Rate
Beginning balance	$	123,652	4.91	%	$	306,038	3.60	%






Principal payments	(1,220)		5.15	%	(1,059)		5.17	%
Foreign currency	707		5.43	%	(15,240)		3.40	%
Ending balance	$	123,139	4.91	%	$	289,739	3.55	%

Monthly averages	$	123,126	4.96	%	$	299,111	3.59	%

A portion of our Triple-net properties were formed through partnerships. Income or loss from unconsolidated entities represents our share of net income or losses from partnerships where we are the noncontrolling partner. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests represents our partners’ share of net income relating to those partnerships where we are the controlling partner. The decrease during the three months ended March 31, 2021, relates primarily to our partner's share of a gain on sale of certain properties in the prior year.

Outpatient Medical

The following is a summary of our SSNOI at Welltower Share for the Outpatient Medical segment (dollars in thousands):


	QTD Pool
	Three Months Ended				Change
	March 31, 2021		March 31, 2020		$		%
SSNOI (1)	$	97,196	$	94,208	$	2,988	3.2	%

(1) For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, amounts relate to 334 same store properties, respectively. Please see Non-GAAP Financial Measures for additional information and reconciliations.

The following is a summary of our results of operations for the Outpatient Medical segment for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


	Three Months Ended				Change
	March 31,		March 31,
	2021		2020		$		%
Revenues:
Rental income	$	150,380	$	198,575	$	(48,195)	(24)	%
Interest income	3,538		466		3,072		659	%
Other income	2,305		288		2,017		700	%
Total revenues	156,223		199,329		(43,106)		(22)	%
Property operating expenses	46,863		60,608		(13,745)		(23)	%
NOI (1)	109,360		138,721		(29,361)		(21)	%
Other expenses:
Depreciation and amortization	55,173		70,333		(15,160)		(22)	%
Interest expense	4,015		4,808		(793)		(16)	%

Provision for loan losses	279		—		279		n/a

Other expenses	712		1,007		(295)		(29)	%
	60,179		76,148		(15,969)		(21)	%
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes and other items	49,181		62,573		(13,392)		(21)	%

Income (loss) from unconsolidated entities	2,908		1,536		1,372		89	%
Gain (loss) on real estate dispositions, net	51,843		213,336		(161,493)		n/a
Income from continuing operations	103,932		277,445		(173,513)		(63)	%
Net income (loss)	103,932		277,445		(173,513)		(63)	%
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	2,170		2,453		(283)		(12)	%
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders	$	101,762	$	274,992	$	(173,230)	(63)	%

(1) See Non-GAAP Financial Measures.

Rental income has decreased for the three month period ending March 31, 2021 due primarily to significant dispositions that have closed subsequent to March 31, 2020. Certain of our leases contain annual rental escalators that are contingent upon changes in the Consumer Price Index. These escalators are not fixed, so no straight-line rent is recorded; however, rental income is recorded based on the contractual cash rental payments due for the period. If the Consumer Price Index does not increase, a portion of our revenues may not continue to increase. Our leases could renew above or below current rental rates, resulting in an increase or decrease in rental income. For the three months ended March 31, 2021, our consolidated outpatient medical portfolio signed 89,863 square feet of new leases and 541,434 square feet of renewals. The weighted-average term of these leases was six years, with a rate of $36.84 per square foot and tenant improvement and lease commission costs of $12.57 per square foot. Substantially all of these leases contain an annual fixed or contingent escalation rent structure ranging from 1.0% to 3.5%.

We have collected 99% of rent due in the first quarter, with uncollected amounts primarily attributable to local jurisdictions with COVID-19 related ordinances providing temporary rent relief to tenants. We evaluate leases individually and recognize rent on a cash basis if collectibility of substantially all contractual rent payments is not probable.

The fluctuation in property operating expenses and depreciation and amortization are primarily attributable to the significant dispositions that occurred in 2020. To the extent that we acquire or dispose of additional properties in the future, these amounts will change accordingly. Changes in gains/losses on sales of properties are related to volume of property sales and the sales prices. Transaction costs related to asset acquisitions are capitalized as a component of purchase price. The fluctuation in other expenses is primarily due to noncapitalizable transaction costs from acquisitions and segment transitions.

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, there were no Outpatient Medical construction projects completed. The following is a summary of the Outpatient Medical construction projects, excluding expansions, pending as of March 31, 2021 (dollars in thousands):


Location	Square Feet	Commitment		Balance		Est. Completion
Brooklyn, NY	140,955	$	110,306	$	106,692	2Q21
Kalamazoo, MI	40,607	14,267		5,917		3Q21
College Station, TX	25,200	9,025		1,111		1Q22
	206,762	$	133,598	$	113,720

Total interest expense represents secured debt interest expense. The change in secured debt interest expense is primarily due to the net effect and timing of assumptions, extinguishments and principal amortizations. The following is a summary of our outpatient medical secured debt principal activity (dollars in thousands):

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


	Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2021				March 31, 2020
			Wtd. Ave				Wtd. Ave
	Amount		Interest Rate		Amount		Interest Rate
Beginning balance	$	548,229	3.55	%	$	572,267	3.97	%






Principal payments	(2,474)		4.46	%	(2,293)		4.65	%

Ending balance	$	545,755	3.54	%	$	569,974	3.94	%

Monthly averages	$	546,613	3.54	%	$	571,200	3.97	%

A portion of our Outpatient Medical properties were formed through partnerships. Income or loss from unconsolidated entities represents our share of net income or losses from partnerships where we are the noncontrolling partner. Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests represents our partners’ share of net income or loss relating to those partnerships where we are the controlling partner.

Non-Segment/Corporate

The following is a summary of our results of operations for the Non-Segment/Corporate activities for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Change
	March 31,		March 31,
	2021		2020		$		%
Revenues:

Other income	$	955	$	416	$	539	130	%
Total revenue	955		416		539		130	%
Property operating expenses	1,654		—		1,654		n/a
NOI (1)	(699)		416		(1,115)		(268)	%
Expenses:
Interest expense	105,827		117,913		(12,086)		(10)	%
General and administrative expenses	29,926		35,481		(5,555)		(16)	%

Other expenses	1,840		1,783		57		3	%
	137,593		155,177		(17,584)		(11)	%
Loss from continuing operations before income taxes and other items	(138,292)		(154,761)		16,469		11	%
Income tax (expense) benefit	(3,943)		(5,442)		1,499		28	%

Loss from continuing operations	(142,235)		(160,203)		17,968		11	%


Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(142,235)	$	(160,203)	$	17,968	11	%

(1) See Non-GAAP Financial Measures.

Property operating expenses represent insurance costs related to our captive insurance company formed as of July 1, 2020 which acts as a direct insurer of property level insurance coverage for our portfolio.

The following is a summary of our Non-Segment/Corporate interest expense for the periods presented (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended				Change
	March 31,		March 31,
	2021		2020		$		%
Senior unsecured notes	$	100,213	$	103,533	$	(3,320)	(3)	%

Unsecured credit facility and commercial paper program	1,180		10,169		(8,989)		(88)	%
Loan expense	4,434		4,211		223		5	%
Totals	$	105,827	$	117,913	$	(12,086)	(10)	%

The change in interest expense on senior unsecured notes is due to the net effect of issuances and extinguishments, as well as the movement in foreign exchange rates and related hedge activity. Please refer to Note 11 for additional information. The change in interest expense on our unsecured revolving credit facility and commercial paper program is due primarily to the net effect and timing of draws, paydowns and variable interest rate changes. Please refer to Note 10 for additional information regarding our unsecured revolving credit facility and commercial paper program.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

General and administrative expenses as a percentage of consolidated revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 were 2.84% and 2.82%, respectively. The provision for income taxes primarily relates to state taxes, foreign taxes and taxes based on income generated by entities that are structured as TRSs.

Other

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We believe that net income and net income attributable to common stockholders (“NICS”), as defined by U.S. GAAP, are the most appropriate earnings measurements. However, we consider FFO, NOI, SSNOI, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA to be useful supplemental measures of our operating performance. Historical cost accounting for real estate assets in accordance with U.S. GAAP implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time as evidenced by the provision for depreciation. However, since real estate values have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, many industry investors and analysts have considered presentations of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting to be insufficient. In response, the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) created funds from operations attributable to common stockholders (“FFO”) as a supplemental measure of operating performance for REITs that excludes historical cost depreciation from net income. FFO, as defined by NAREIT, means NICS, computed in accordance with U.S. GAAP, excluding gains (or losses) from sales of real estate and impairment of depreciable assets, plus depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated entities and noncontrolling interests.

Consolidated net operating income (“NOI”) is used to evaluate the operating performance of our properties. We define NOI as total revenues, including tenant reimbursements, less property operating expenses. Property operating expenses represent costs associated with managing, maintaining and servicing tenants for our properties. These expenses include, but are not limited to, property-related payroll and benefits, property management fees paid to operators, marketing, housekeeping, food service, maintenance, utilities, property taxes and insurance. General and administrative expenses represent costs unrelated to property operations. These expenses include, but are not limited to, payroll and benefits, professional services, office expenses and depreciation of corporate fixed assets. Same store NOI (“SSNOI”) is used to evaluate the operating performance of our properties using a consistent population which controls for changes in the composition of our portfolio. We believe the drivers of property level NOI for both consolidated properties and unconsolidated properties are generally the same and therefore, we evaluate SSNOI based on our ownership interest in each property ("Welltower Share"). To arrive at Welltower's Share, NOI is adjusted by adding our minority ownership share related to unconsolidated properties and by subtracting the minority partners' noncontrolling ownership interests for consolidated properties. We do not control investments in unconsolidated properties and while we consider disclosures at Welltower Share to be useful, they may not accurately depict the legal and economic implications of our joint venture arrangements and should be used with caution. As used herein, same store is generally defined as those revenue-generating properties in the portfolio for the relevant year-over-year reporting periods. Acquisitions and development conversions are included in SSNOI five full quarters after acquisition or being placed into service for the QTD Pool. Land parcels, loans and sub-leases, as well as any properties sold or classified as held for sale during the respective periods are excluded from SSNOI. Redeveloped properties (including major refurbishments of a Seniors Housing Operating property where 20% or more of units are simultaneously taken out of commission for 30 days or more or Outpatient Medical properties undergoing a change in intended use) are excluded from SSNOI until five full quarters post completion of the redevelopment for the QTD Pool. Properties undergoing operator transitions and/or segment transitions are also excluded from SSNOI until five full quarters post completion of the transition for the QTD Pool. In addition, properties significantly impacted by force majeure, acts of God, or other extraordinary adverse events are excluded from SSNOI until five full quarters after the properties are placed back into service for the QTD Pool. SSNOI excludes non-cash NOI and includes adjustments to present consistent ownership percentages and to translate Canadian properties and UK properties using a consistent exchange rate. We believe NOI and SSNOI provide investors relevant and useful information because they measure the operating performance of our properties at the property level on an unleveraged basis. We use NOI and SSNOI to make decisions about resource allocations and to assess the property level performance of our properties.

EBITDA is defined as earnings (net income) before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. Adjusted EBITDA is defined as EBITDA excluding unconsolidated entities and including adjustments for stock-based compensation expense, provision for loan losses, gains/losses on extinguishment of debt, gains/loss/impairments on properties, gains/losses on derivatives and financial instruments, other expense, additional other income and other impairment charges. We believe that EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA, along with net income, are important supplemental measures because they provide additional information to assess and evaluate the performance of our operations. We primarily use these measures to determine our interest coverage ratio, which represents EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA divided by total interest, and our fixed charge coverage ratio, which represents EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA divided by fixed charges. Fixed charges include total interest and secured debt principal amortization. Covenants in our unsecured senior notes and primary credit facility contain financial ratios based on a definition of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA that is specific to those agreements. Our leverage ratios are defined as the proportion of net debt to total capitalization and include book capitalization, undepreciated book capitalization and market capitalization. Book capitalization represents the sum of net debt (defined as total long-term debt, excluding operating lease

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

liabilities, less cash and cash equivalents and any IRC Section 1031 deposits), total equity and redeemable noncontrolling interests. Undepreciated book capitalization represents book capitalization adjusted for accumulated depreciation and amortization. Market capitalization represents book capitalization adjusted for the fair market value of our common stock.

Our supplemental reporting measures and similarly entitled financial measures are widely used by investors, equity and debt analysts and rating agencies in the valuation, comparison, rating and investment recommendations of companies. Management uses these financial measures to facilitate internal and external comparisons to our historical operating results and in making operating decisions. Additionally, these measures are utilized by the Board of Directors to evaluate management. None of our supplemental measures represent net income or cash flow provided from operating activities as determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP and should not be considered as alternative measures of profitability or liquidity. Finally, the supplemental measures, as defined by us, may not be comparable to similarly entitled items reported by other real estate investment trusts or other companies.

The table below reflects the reconciliation of FFO to NICS, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, for the periods presented. Noncontrolling interest and unconsolidated entity amounts represent adjustments to reflect our share of depreciation and amortization, gains/loss on real estate dispositions and impairment of assets. Amounts are in thousands except for per share data.



	March 31,		December 31,		September 30,		June 30,		March 31,
FFO Reconciliation:	2021		2020		2020		2020		2020
Net income attributable to common stockholders	$	71,546	$	163,729	$	325,585	$	179,246	$	310,284
Depreciation and amortization	244,426		242,733		255,532		265,371		274,801
Impairment of assets	23,568		9,317		23,313		75,151		27,827
Loss (gain) on real estate dispositions, net	(59,080)		(185,464)		(484,304)		(155,863)		(262,824)
Noncontrolling interests	(12,516)		(20,579)		48,559		(42,539)		(9,409)
Unconsolidated entities	19,223		16,091		16,329		14,231		15,445
FFO	$	287,167	$	225,827	$	185,014	$	335,597	$	356,124

Average diluted shares outstanding	419,079		418,753		418,987		419,121		412,420

Per diluted share data:
Net income attributable to common stockholders(1)	$	0.17	$	0.39	$	0.77	$	0.42	$	0.75
FFO	$	0.69	$	0.54	$	0.44	$	0.80	$	0.86

(1) Includes adjustment to the numerator for income (loss) attributable to OP unitholders.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,		December 31,		September 30,		June 30,		March 31,
NOI Reconciliations:	2021		2020		2020		2020		2020
Net income (loss)	$	72,192	$	155,278	$	394,978	$	159,216	$	329,380
Loss (gain) on real estate dispositions, net	(59,080)		(185,464)		(484,304)		(155,863)		(262,824)
Loss (income) from unconsolidated entities	(13,049)		(258)		5,981		(1,332)		3,692
Income tax expense (benefit)	3,943		290		2,003		2,233		5,442
Other expenses	10,994		33,088		11,544		19,411		6,292
Impairment of assets	23,568		9,317		23,313		75,151		27,827
Provision for loan losses	1,383		83,085		2,857		1,422		7,072
Loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt, net	(4,643)		13,796		33,004		249		—
Loss (gain) on derivatives and financial instruments, net	1,934		569		1,395		1,434		7,651
General and administrative expenses	29,926		27,848		31,003		34,062		35,481
Depreciation and amortization	244,426		242,733		255,532		265,371		274,801
Interest expense	123,142		121,173		124,851		126,357		142,007
Consolidated net operating income (NOI)	$	434,736	$	501,455	$	402,157	$	527,711	$	576,821

NOI by segment:
Seniors Housing Operating	$	170,434	$	159,797	$	174,361	$	178,137	$	243,257
Triple-net	155,641		225,277		108,361		220,056		194,427
Outpatient Medical	109,360		117,231		119,976		129,143		138,721
Non-segment/corporate	(699)		(850)		(541)		375		416
Total NOI	$	434,736	$	501,455	$	402,157	$	527,711	$	576,821


	QTD Pool
SSNOI Property Reconciliations:	Seniors Housing Operating	Triple-net	Outpatient Medical	Total
Consolidated properties	559	649	290	1,498
Unconsolidated properties	90	39	79	208
Total properties	649	688	369	1,706
Recent acquisitions/development conversions(1)	(34)	(26)	(21)	(81)
Under development	(28)	(5)	(3)	(36)
Under redevelopment(2)	(11)	(1)	(2)	(14)
Current held for sale	(9)	(61)	(1)	(71)
Land parcels, loans and subleases	(12)	(17)	(8)	(37)
Transitions(3)	(27)	(23)	—	(50)
Other(4)	(2)	(2)	—	(4)
Same store properties	526	553	334	1,413

(1) Acquisitions and development conversions will enter the QTD Pool five full quarters after acquisition or certificate of occupancy, respectively.

(2) Redevelopment properties will enter the QTD Pool five full quarters of operations post redevelopment completion, respectively.
(3) Transitioned properties will enter the QTD Pool five full quarters of operations with the new operator in place or under the new structure, respectively.
(4) Represents properties that are either closed or being closed.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


	QTD Pool
	Three Months Ended
SSNOI Reconciliations:	March 31, 2021		March 31, 2020

Seniors Housing Operating:
Consolidated NOI	$	170,434	$	243,257
NOI attributable to unconsolidated investments	11,904		14,954
NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests	(10,278)		(18,754)

NOI attributable to non-same store properties	(14,428)		(22,515)
Non-cash NOI attributable to same store properties	(822)		(879)
Currency and ownership adjustments (1)	(19)		3,693
SSNOI at Welltower Share	156,791		219,756

Triple-net:
Consolidated NOI	155,641		194,427
NOI attributable to unconsolidated investments	4,888		5,133
NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests	(8,037)		(14,783)

NOI attributable to non-same store properties	(48,126)		(26,394)
Non-cash NOI attributable to same store properties	36,711		(12,257)
Currency and ownership adjustments (1)	12		1,401
SSNOI at Welltower Share	141,089		147,527

Outpatient Medical:
Consolidated NOI	109,360		138,721
NOI attributable to unconsolidated investments	4,724		1,063
NOI attributable to noncontrolling interests	(4,686)		(4,358)

NOI attributable to non-same store properties	(8,604)		(20,235)
Non-cash NOI attributable to same store properties	(2,447)		(3,762)
Currency and ownership adjustments (1)	(1,151)		(17,221)
SSNOI at Welltower Share	97,196		94,208

SSNOI at Welltower Share:
Seniors Housing Operating	156,791		219,756
Triple-net	141,089		147,527
Outpatient Medical	97,196		94,208
Total	$	395,076	$	461,491

(1) Includes adjustments to reflect consistent property ownership percentages, to translate Canadian properties at a USD/CAD rate of 1.2658 and to translate UK properties at a GBP/USD rate of 1.38.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The tables below reflects the reconciliation of EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, for the periods presented. Dollars are in thousands.


	Three Months Ended
	March 31,			December 31,			September 30,			June 30,			March 31,
EBITDA Reconciliations:	2021			2020			2020			2020			2020
Net income (loss)	$	72,192		$	155,278		$	394,978		$	159,216		$	329,380
Interest expense	123,142			121,173			124,851			126,357			142,007
Income tax expense (benefit)	3,943			290			2,003			2,233			5,442
Depreciation and amortization	244,426			242,733			255,532			265,371			274,801
EBITDA	$	443,703		$	519,474		$	777,364		$	553,177		$	751,630

Interest Coverage Ratio:
Interest expense	$	123,142		$	121,173		$	124,851		$	126,357		$	142,007
Non-cash interest expense	(2,991)			(1,739)			(3,973)			(1,914)			(8,125)
Capitalized interest	4,496			4,238			3,947			4,541			4,746
Total interest	124,647			123,672			124,825			128,984			138,628
EBITDA	$	443,703		$	519,474		$	777,364		$	553,177		$	751,630
Interest coverage ratio	3.56		x	4.20		x	6.23		x	4.29		x	5.42		x

Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio:
Total interest	$	124,647		$	123,672		$	124,825		$	128,984		$	138,628
Secured debt principal payments	15,955			16,122			15,876			15,183			15,526

Total fixed charges	140,602			139,794			140,701			144,167			154,154
EBITDA	$	443,703		$	519,474		$	777,364		$	553,177		$	751,630
Fixed charge coverage ratio	3.16		x	3.72		x	5.52		x	3.84		x	4.88		x

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The table below reflects the reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA to net income, the most directly comparable U.S. GAAP measure, for the periods presented. Dollars are in thousands.


	Twelve Months Ended
	March 31,			December 31,			September 30,			June 30,			March 31,
Adjusted EBITDA Reconciliations:	2021			2020			2020			2020			2020
Net income	$	781,664		$	1,038,852		$	1,123,710		$	1,376,664		$	1,367,488
Interest expense	495,523			514,388			524,863			537,355			552,334
Income tax expense (benefit)	8,469			9,968			4,846			6,811			6,177
Depreciation and amortization	1,008,062			1,038,437			1,058,348			1,075,261			1,057,942
EBITDA	2,293,718			2,601,645			2,711,767			2,996,091			2,983,941
Loss (income) from unconsolidated entities	(8,658)			8,083			(49,079)			(58,322)			(47,941)
Stock-based compensation expense (1)	26,811			28,318			25,485			24,229			24,601
Loss (gain) on extinguishment of debt, net	42,406			47,049			35,865			68,685			68,436
Loss (gain) on real estate dispositions, net	(884,711)			(1,088,455)			(915,055)			(1,001,001)			(843,456)
Impairment of assets	131,349			135,608			126,389			121,172			55,960
Provision for loan losses	88,747			94,436			11,351			8,494			7,072
Loss (gain) on derivatives and financial instruments, net	5,332			11,049			5,411			5,260			5,739
Other expenses (1)	68,939			64,171			52,630			46,971			48,327
Other impairment (2)	163,481			146,508			146,508			34,110			32,268

Adjusted EBITDA	$	1,927,414		$	2,048,412		$	2,151,272		$	2,245,689		$	2,334,947

Adjusted Interest Coverage Ratio:
Interest expense	$	495,523		$	514,388		$	524,863		$	537,355		$	552,334
Capitalized interest	17,222			17,472			18,102			18,303			17,691
Non-cash interest expense	(10,617)			(15,751)			(14,746)			(12,761)			(11,599)
Total interest	502,128			516,109			528,219			542,897			558,426
Adjusted EBITDA	$	1,927,414		$	2,048,412		$	2,151,272		$	2,245,689		$	2,334,947
Adjusted interest coverage ratio	3.84		x	3.97		x	4.07		x	4.14		x	4.18		x

Adjusted Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio:
Total interest	$	502,128		$	516,109		$	528,219		$	542,897		$	558,426
Secured debt principal payments	63,136			62,707			60,562			57,807			56,308

Total fixed charges	565,264			578,816			588,781			600,704			614,734
Adjusted EBITDA	$	1,927,414		$	2,048,412		$	2,151,272		$	2,245,689		$	2,334,947
Adjusted fixed charge coverage ratio	3.41		x	3.54		x	3.65		x	3.74		x	3.80		x

(1) Certain severance-related costs are included in stock-based compensation and excluded from other expenses.
(2) Represents reserve for straight-line rent receivable balances relating to leases placed on cash recognition.

Our leverage ratios include book capitalization, undepreciated book capitalization and market capitalization. Book capitalization represents the sum of net debt (defined as total long-term debt less cash and cash equivalents and any IRC Section 1031 deposits), total equity and redeemable noncontrolling interests. Undepreciated book capitalization represents book capitalization adjusted for accumulated depreciation and amortization. Market capitalization represents book capitalization adjusted for the fair market value of our common stock. Our leverage ratios are defined as the proportion of net debt to total capitalization. The table below reflects the reconciliation of our leverage ratios to our balance sheets for the periods presented. Amounts are in thousands, except share price.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


	As of
	March 31,			December 31,			September 30,			June 30,			March 31,
	2021			2020			2020			2020			2020
Book capitalization:
Unsecured credit facility and commercial paper	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	844,985
Long-term debt obligations (1)	14,618,713			13,905,822			13,889,030			14,543,485			13,228,433
Cash and cash equivalents (2)	(2,513,156)			(1,968,765)			(2,096,571)			(1,766,819)			(303,423)
Total net debt	12,105,557			11,937,057			11,792,459			12,776,666			13,769,995
Total equity and noncontrolling interests(3)	17,046,932			17,225,062			17,291,155			17,263,672			17,495,696
Book capitalization	$	29,152,489		$	29,162,119		$	29,083,614		$	30,040,338		$	31,265,691
Net debt to book capitalization ratio	42		%	41		%	41		%	43		%	44		%

Undepreciated book capitalization:
Total net debt	$	12,105,557		$	11,937,057		$	11,792,459		$	12,776,666		$	13,769,995
Accumulated depreciation and amortization	6,212,432			6,104,297			6,002,775			6,001,177			5,910,979
Total equity and noncontrolling interests(3)	17,046,932			17,225,062			17,291,155			17,263,672			17,495,696
Undepreciated book capitalization	$	35,364,921		$	35,266,416		$	35,086,389		$	36,041,515		$	37,176,670
Net debt to undepreciated book capitalization ratio	34		%	34		%	34		%	35		%	37		%

Market capitalization:
Common shares outstanding	417,520			417,401			417,305			417,302			417,391
Period end share price	$	71.63		$	64.62		$	55.09		$	51.75		$	45.78
Common equity market capitalization	$	29,906,958		$	26,972,453		$	22,989,332		$	21,595,379		$	19,108,160
Total net debt	12,105,557			11,937,057			11,792,459			12,776,666			13,769,995
Noncontrolling interests(3)	1,248,054			1,252,343			1,183,281			1,215,532			1,362,913
Market capitalization	$	43,260,569		$	40,161,853		$	35,965,072		$	35,587,577		$	34,241,068
Net debt to market capitalization ratio	28		%	30		%	33		%	36		%	40		%

(1) Amounts include senior unsecured notes, secured debt and lease liabilities related to financing leases, as reflected on our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Operating lease liabilities related to the ASC 842 adoption are excluded.
(2) Inclusive of IRC Section 1031 deposits, if any.
(3) Includes amounts attributable to both redeemable noncontrolling interests and noncontrolling interests as reflected on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Critical Accounting Policies

Our unaudited consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires us to make estimates and assumptions. Management considers an accounting estimate or assumption critical if:

•the nature of the estimates or assumptions is material due to the levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain matters or the susceptibility of such matters to change; and

•the impact of the estimates and assumptions on financial condition or operating performance is material.

Management has discussed the development and selection of its critical accounting policies with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. Management believes the current assumptions and other considerations used to estimate amounts reflected in our unaudited consolidated financial statements are appropriate and are not reasonably likely to change in the future. However, since these estimates require assumptions to be made that were uncertain at the time the estimate was made, they bear the risk of change. If actual experience differs from the assumptions and other considerations used in estimating amounts reflected in our unaudited consolidated financial statements, the resulting changes could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated results of operations, liquidity and/or financial condition. Please refer to Note 2 to the financial statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 for further information regarding significant accounting policies that impact us. There have been no material changes to these policies in 2021.

Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may contain “forward-looking statements” as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. When Welltower uses words such as “may,” “will,” “intend,” “should,” “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “project,” “pro forma,” “estimate” or similar expressions that do not relate solely to historical matters, Welltower is making forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties that may cause Welltower’s actual results to differ materially from Welltower’s expectations discussed in the forward-looking statements. This may be a result of various factors, including, but not limited to: the duration and scope of the COVID-19 pandemic; uncertainty regarding the implementation and impact of the CARES Act and future stimulus or other COVID-19 relief legislation; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on occupancy rates and on the operations of Welltower and its operators/tenants; actions governments take in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including the introduction of public health measures and other regulations affecting Welltower’s properties and the operations of Welltower and its operators/tenants; the effects of health and safety measures adopted by Welltower and its operators/tenants related to the COVID-19 pandemic; increased operational costs as a result of health and safety measures related to COVID-19; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the business and financial condition of operators/tenants and their ability to make payments to Welltower; disruptions to Welltower's property acquisition and disposition activity due to economic uncertainty caused by COVID-19; general economic uncertainty in key markets as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and a worsening of global economic conditions or low levels of economic growth; the status of capital markets, including availability and cost of capital; uncertainty from the expected discontinuance of LIBOR and the transition to any other interest rate benchmark; issues facing the health care industry, including compliance with, and changes to, regulations and payment policies, responding to government investigations and punitive settlements and operators’/tenants’ difficulty in cost effectively obtaining and maintaining adequate liability and other insurance; changes in financing terms; competition within the health care and seniors housing industries; negative developments in the operating results or financial condition of operators/tenants, including, but not limited to, their ability to pay rent and repay loans; Welltower’s ability to transition or sell properties with profitable results; the failure to make new investments or acquisitions as and when anticipated; natural disasters and other acts of God affecting Welltower’s properties; Welltower’s ability to re-lease space at similar rates as vacancies occur; Welltower’s ability to timely reinvest sale proceeds at similar rates to assets sold; operator/tenant or joint venture partner bankruptcies or insolvencies; the cooperation of joint venture partners; government regulations affecting Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement rates and operational requirements; liability or contract claims by or against operators/tenants; unanticipated difficulties and/or expenditures relating to future investments or acquisitions; environmental laws affecting Welltower’s properties; changes in rules or practices governing Welltower’s financial reporting; the movement of U.S. and foreign currency exchange rates; Welltower’s ability to maintain Welltower’s qualification as a REIT; key management personnel recruitment and retention; and other risks described in Welltower’s reports filed from time to time with the SEC. Other important factors are identified in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, including factors identified under the headings “Business,” “Risk Factors” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Finally, the Company undertakes no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether because of new information, future events or otherwise, or to update the reasons why actual results could differ from those projected in any forward-looking statements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We are exposed to various market risks, including the potential loss arising from adverse changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. We seek to mitigate the underlying foreign currency exposures with gains and losses on derivative contracts hedging these exposures. We seek to mitigate the effects of fluctuations in interest rates by matching the terms of new investments with new long-term fixed rate borrowings to the extent possible. We may or may not elect to use financial derivative instruments to hedge interest rate exposure. These decisions are principally based on our policy to match our variable rate investments with comparable borrowings, but are also based on the general trend in interest rates at the applicable dates and our perception of the future volatility of interest rates. This section is presented to provide a discussion of the risks associated with potential fluctuations in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates.

We historically borrow on our unsecured revolving credit facility and commercial paper program to acquire, construct or make loans relating to health care and seniors housing properties. Then, as market conditions dictate, we will issue equity or long-term fixed rate debt to repay the borrowings under our unsecured revolving credit facility and commercial paper program. We are subject to risks associated with debt financing, including the risk that existing indebtedness may not be refinanced or that the terms of refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of current indebtedness. The majority of our borrowings were completed under indentures or contractual agreements that limit the amount of indebtedness we may incur. Accordingly, in the event that we are unable to raise additional equity or borrow money because of these limitations, our ability to acquire additional properties may be limited.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

A change in interest rates will not affect the interest expense associated with our fixed rate debt. Interest rate changes, however, will affect the fair value of our fixed rate debt. Changes in the interest rate environment upon maturity of this fixed rate debt could have an effect on our future cash flows and earnings, depending on whether the debt is replaced with other fixed rate debt, variable rate debt or equity or repaid by the sale of assets. To illustrate the impact of changes in the interest rate markets, we performed a sensitivity analysis on our fixed rate debt instruments whereby we modeled the change in net present values arising from a hypothetical 1% increase in interest rates to determine the instruments’ change in fair value. The following table summarizes the analysis performed as of the dates indicated (in thousands):


	March 31, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Principal		Change in		Principal		Change in
	balance		fair value		balance		fair value
Senior unsecured notes	$	10,710,742	$	(760,313)	$	9,943,501	$	(761,581)
Secured debt	1,600,119		(53,176)		1,702,196		(57,756)
Totals	$	12,310,861	$	(813,489)	$	11,645,697	$	(819,337)

Our variable rate debt, including our unsecured revolving credit facility and commercial paper program, is reflected at fair value. At March 31, 2021, we had $2,304,903,000 outstanding related to our variable rate debt. Assuming no changes in outstanding balances, a 1% increase in interest rates would result in increased annual interest expense of $23,050,000. At December 31, 2020, we had $2,241,909,000 outstanding under our variable rate debt. Assuming no changes in outstanding balances, a 1% increase in interest rates would have resulted in increased annual interest expense of $22,420,000.

We are subject to currency fluctuations that may, from time to time, affect our financial condition and results of operations. Increases or decreases in the value of the Canadian Dollar or British Pounds Sterling relative to the U.S. Dollar impact the amount of net income we earn from our investments in Canada and the United Kingdom. Based solely on our results for the three months ended March 31, 2021, including the impact of existing hedging arrangements, if these exchange rates were to increase or decrease by 10%, our net income from these investments would increase or decrease, as applicable, by less than $2,000,000. We will continue to mitigate these underlying foreign currency exposures with non-U.S. denominated borrowings and gains and losses on derivative contracts. If we increase our international presence through investments in, or acquisitions or development of, seniors housing and health care properties outside the U.S., we may also decide to transact additional business or borrow funds in currencies other than U.S. Dollars, Canadian Dollars or British Pounds Sterling. To illustrate the impact of changes in foreign currency markets, we performed a sensitivity analysis on our derivative portfolio whereby we modeled the change in net present values arising from a hypothetical 1% increase in foreign currency exchange rates to determine the instruments’ change in fair value. The following table summarizes the results of the analysis performed (dollars in thousands):


	March 31, 2021				December 31, 2020
	Carrying		Change in		Carrying		Change in
	Value		fair value		Value		fair value
Foreign currency exchange contracts	$	84,219	$	12,367	$	61,851	$	12,731
Debt designated as hedges	1,647,220		16,472		1,630,542		16,305
Totals	$	1,731,439	$	28,839	$	1,692,393	$	29,036

For additional information regarding fair values of financial instruments, see “Item 2 — Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Policies” and Notes 12 and 17 to our unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures are effective in providing reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed by us in the reports we file with or submit to the SEC under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. No changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the fiscal quarter covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

From time to time, there are various legal proceedings pending against us that arise in the ordinary course of our business. Management does not believe that the resolution of any of these legal proceedings either individually or in the aggregate will have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. Further, from time to time, we are party to certain legal proceedings for which third parties, such as tenants, operators and/or managers are contractually obligated to indemnify, defend and hold us harmless. In some of these matters, the indemnitors have insurance for the potential damages. In other matters, we are being defended by tenants and other obligated third parties and these indemnitors may not have sufficient insurance, assets, income or resources to satisfy their defense and indemnification obligations to us. The unfavorable resolution of such legal proceedings could, individually or in the aggregate, materially adversely affect the indemnitors’ ability to satisfy their respective obligations to us, which, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition. It is management’s opinion that there are currently no such legal proceedings pending that will, individually or in the aggregate, have such a material adverse effect. Despite management’s view of the ultimate resolution of these legal proceedings, we may have significant legal expenses and costs associated with the defense of such matters. Further, management cannot predict the outcome of these legal proceedings and if management’s expectation regarding such matters is not correct, such proceedings could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes from the risk factors identified under the heading "Risk Factors" in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we acquired shares of our common stock held by employees who tendered shares to satisfy tax withholding obligations upon the vesting of previously issued restricted stock awards. Specifically, the number of shares of common stock acquired from employees and the average prices paid per share for each month in the first quarter ended March 31, 2021 are as shown in the table below.


Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid Per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Repurchase Program	Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Repurchase Program
January 1, 2021 through January 31, 2021	29,778	$	64.31	—	$	—
February 1, 2021 through February 28, 2021	24,080	67.30		—	—
March 1, 2021 through March 31, 2021	8,308	66.32		—	—
Totals	62,166	$	65.74	—	$	992,348,000

Item 5. Other Information

None.

Item 6. Exhibits


4.1						Supplemental Indenture No. 19, dated a s of March 25, 2021, between the Company and the Trustee (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Form 8-K filed on March 25, 2021).
31.1						Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
31.2						Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
32.1						Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 by Chief Executive Officer.
32.2						Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350 by Chief Financial Officer.
101.INS						XBRL Instance Document. The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF						XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
104						The cover page from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, formatted in Inline XBRL

*						Management contract or Compensatory Plan or Arrangement.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

WELLTOWER INC.

Date:

April 29, 2021

By:

/s/ SHANKH MITRA

Shankh Mitra,

Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

Date:

April 29, 2021

By:

/s/ TIMOTHY G. MCHUGH

Timothy G. McHugh,

Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)

Date:

April 29, 2021

By:

/s/ JOSHUA T. FIEWEGER

Joshua T. Fieweger,

Chief Accounting Officer
(Principal Accounting Officer)