WESTAMERICA BANCORPORATION - Annual Report: 2008 (Form 10-K)

 

 

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark one)

þ		ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008

o		TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     .

WESTAMERICA BANCORPORATION

(Exact name of the registrant as specified in its charter)

CALIFORNIA		94-2156203
(State or Other Jurisdiction		(I.R.S. Employer
of Incorporation or Organization)		Identification Number)

1108 FIFTH AVENUE, SAN RAFAEL, CALIFORNIA 94901
(Address of principal executive offices) (zip code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (707) 863-6000

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of class:		Name of each exchange on which registered:
Common Stock, no par value, and attached		The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
Common Stock Purchase Rights

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. YES þ NO o

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. YES o NO þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. YES þ NO o

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to item 405 of Regulation S-K (section 229.405) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of the registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer þ		Accelerated filer o		Non-accelerated filer o		Smaller reporting company o
				(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). YES o NO þ

The aggregate market value of the Common Stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2008 as reported on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, was $1,464,904,391.65. Shares of Common Stock held by each executive officer and director and by each person who owns 5% or more of the outstanding Common Stock have been excluded in that such persons may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.

Number of shares outstanding of each of the registrant’s classes of common stock, as of the close of business on February 23, 2009 28,875,157 Shares

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the definitive Proxy Statement relating to registrant’s Annual Meeting of Shareholders, to be held on April 23, 2009, are incorporated by reference in Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 of Part III to the extent described therein.

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I
Item 1 Business			2
Item 1A Risk Factors			10
Item 1B Unresolved Staff Comments			16
Item 2 Properties			17
Item 3 Legal Proceedings			17
Item 4 Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders			17
PART II
Item 5 Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities			18
Item 6 Selected Financial Data			22
Item 7 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			23
Item 7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk			47
Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data			48
Item 9 Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure			85
Item 9A Controls and Procedures			85
Item 9B Other Information			85
PART III
Item 10 Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance			86
Item 11 Executive Compensation			86
Item 12 Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters			87
Item 13 Certain Relationships, Related Transactions and Director Independence			87
Item 14 Principal Accountant Fees and Services			87
PART IV
Item 15 Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules			88
Signatures			89
Exhibit Index			90
EX-10.(I)
EX-10.(J)
EX-21
EX-23.(A)
EX-31.1
EX-31.2
EX-32.1
EX-32.2

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements about Westamerica Bancorporation for which it claims the protection of the safe harbor provisions contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Examples of forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: (i) projections of revenues, expenses, income or loss, earnings or loss per share, the payment or nonpayment of dividends, capital structure and other financial items; (ii) statements of plans, objectives and expectations of the Company or its management or board of directors, including those relating to products or services; (iii) statements of future economic performance; and (iv) statements of assumptions underlying such statements. Words such as “believes”, “anticipates”, “expects”, “intends”, “targeted”, “projected”, “continue”, “remain”, “will”, “should”, “may” and other similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements but are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements.

These forward-looking statements are based on Management’s current knowledge and belief and include information concerning the Company’s possible or assumed future financial condition and results of operations. A number of factors, some of which are beyond the Company’s ability to predict or control, could cause future results to differ materially from those contemplated. These factors include but are not limited to (1) the length and severity of current difficulties in the national and California economies and the effects of federal government efforts to address those difficulties; (2) continued low liquidity levels in capital markets; (3) fluctuations in asset prices including, but not limited to, stocks, bonds, real estate, and commodities; (4) the effect of acquisitions and integration of acquired businesses; (5) economic uncertainty created by terrorist threats and attacks on the United States, the actions taken in response, and the uncertain effect of these events on the national and regional economies; (6) changes in the interest rate environment; (7) changes in the regulatory environment; (8) significantly increasing competitive pressure in the banking industry; (9) operational risks including data processing system failures or fraud; (10) volatility of rate sensitive loans, deposits and investments; (11) asset/liability management risks and liquidity risks; and (12) changes in the securities markets. The Company undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements in this report. See also “Risk Factors” in Item 1A and other risk factors discussed elsewhere in this Report.

PART I

ITEM 1. BUSINESS

Westamerica Bancorporation (the “Company”) is a bank holding company registered under the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended (“BHCA”). Its legal headquarters are located at 1108 Fifth Avenue, San Rafael, California 94901. Principal administrative offices are located at 4550 Mangels Boulevard, Fairfield, California 94534 and its telephone number is (707) 863-6000. The Company provides a full range of banking services to individual and corporate customers in Northern and Central California through its subsidiary bank, Westamerica Bank (“WAB” or the “Bank”). The principal communities served are located in Northern and Central California, from Mendocino, Lake and Nevada Counties in the North to Kern County in the South. The Company’s strategic focus is on the banking needs of small businesses. In addition, the Company also owned 100% of the capital stock of Community Banker Services Corporation (“CBSC”), a company engaged in providing the Company and its subsidiaries with data processing services and other support functions. In February 2008, the Company contributed 100% of the capital stock of CBSC to the Bank, such that CBSC became a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Bank.

The Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of California in 1972 as “Independent Bankshares Corporation” pursuant to a plan of reorganization among three previously unaffiliated Northern California banks. The Company operated as a multi-bank holding company until mid-1983, at which time the then six subsidiary banks were merged into a single bank named Westamerica Bank and the name of the holding company was changed to Westamerica Bancorporation.

The Company acquired five additional banks within its immediate market area during the early to mid 1990’s. In April, 1997, the Company acquired ValliCorp Holdings, Inc., parent company of ValliWide Bank, the largest independent bank holding company headquartered in Central California. Under the terms of all of the merger agreements, the Company issued shares of its common stock in exchange for all of the outstanding shares of the acquired institutions. The subsidiary banks acquired were merged with and into WAB. These five aforementioned business combinations were accounted for as poolings-of-interests.

In August, 2000, the Company acquired First Counties Bank. The acquisition was valued at approximately $19.7 million and was accounted for using the purchase accounting method. The assets and liabilities of First Counties Bank were fully merged into WAB in September 2000. First Counties Bank had $91 million in assets and offices in Lake, Napa, and Colusa counties.

In June of 2002 the Company acquired Kerman State Bank. The acquisition was valued at approximately $14.6 million and was accounted for using the purchase accounting method. The assets and liabilities of Kerman State Bank were fully merged into WAB immediately upon consummation of the merger. Kerman State Bank had $95 million in assets and three offices in Fresno county.

On March 1, 2005, the Company acquired Santa Rosa based Redwood Empire Bancorp, the parent company of National Bank of the Redwoods (NBR). The acquisition was valued at approximately $150 million and was accounted for using the purchase accounting method. The assets and liabilities of NBR were fully merged into WAB as of close of business day on March 11, 2005. As of March 1, 2005, NBR had approximately $440 million in loans and $370 million in deposits.

On February 6, 2009, the Bank entered into a Purchase and Assumption Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) as Receiver (“Receiver”) of County Bank (“County”). At February 6, 2009, County’s accounting records reflected total assets and loans to be purchased by the Bank of approximately $1.6 billion and approximately $1.3 billion, respectively, and total deposits to be assumed by the Bank of approximately $1.2 billion. Under the terms of the Agreement, the Bank purchased substantially all assets of County, including loans, investment securities and other assets, excluding premises, equipment and company owned life insurance. The Bank has a short-term option to purchase certain premises and equipment from the Receiver. Under the terms of the Agreement, the Bank also assumed all the deposits, secured liabilities, and certain other liabilities of County. The Agreement also provided a loss sharing arrangement over certain assets, primarily loans and loan collateral received in satisfaction of loans receivable. Losses on covered assets up to $269 million are shared 80% by the Receiver and 20% by the Bank. Losses on covered assets exceeding $269 million are shared 95% by the Receiver and 5% by the Bank. The Company filed a Form 8-K on February 11, 2009 containing the Agreement.

On February 13, 2009, the Company entered into a Letter Agreement and related Securities Purchase Agreement (collectively the “Securities Purchase Agreement”) with the United States Treasury (“Treasury”) to issue 83,726 preferred shares at $1,000 per share, $83,726,000 in total issuance (“Treasury Preferred Stock”). The Treasury Preferred Stock qualifies as tier one capital under bank regulatory capital standards, requires five percent annual dividends in each of the initial five years, and nine percent annual dividends thereafter. The Treasury Preferred Stock places certain restrictions on the Company: dividends to common shareholders may not be increased, share repurchases are limited to repurchases related to employee benefit programs, the Treasury Preferred Stock cannot be redeemed for three years unless the participating bank raises high-quality private capital, and executive compensation exceeding $500,000 may not be deducted for federal income tax purposes. In addition, executive compensation programs must not be structured to reward excessive risk-taking. The Company filed Form 8-Ks on February 13, 2009 and February 19, 2009 related to the issuance of Treasury Preferred Stock. The Company also issued a warrant to purchase 246,640 shares of its common stock at an exercise price of $50.92 per share (“TARP Warrant”).

At December 31, 2008, the Company had consolidated assets of approximately $4.0 billion, deposits of approximately $3.1 billion and shareholders’ equity of approximately $409.9 million. The Company and its subsidiaries employed approximately 881 full-time equivalent staff as of December, 2008.

The Company makes available free of charge its annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and any amendments to those reports as well as beneficial ownership reports on Forms 3, 4 and 5 as soon as reasonably practicable after they are electronically filed with or furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) through its website (http://www.westamerica.com). Such documents are also available through the SEC’s website (http://www.sec.gov). Requests for the Form 10-K annual report, as well as the Company’s director, officer and employee Code of Conduct and Ethics, can also be submitted to:

Westamerica Bancorporation
Corporate Secretary A-2M
Post Office Box 1200
Suisun City, California 94585-1200

Supervision and Regulation

The following is not intended to be an exhaustive description of the statutes and regulations applicable to the Company’s or the Bank’s business. The description of statutory and regulatory provisions is qualified in its entirety by reference to the particular statutory or regulatory provisions. Moreover, major new legislation and other regulatory changes affecting the Company, the

Bank, banking, and the financial services industry in general have occurred in the last several years and can be expected to occur in the future. The nature, timing and impact of new and amended laws and regulations cannot be accurately predicted.

Regulation and Supervision of Bank Holding Companies

The Company is a bank holding company subject to the BHCA. The Company reports to, is registered with, and may be examined by, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (“FRB”). The FRB also has the authority to examine the Company’s subsidiaries. The costs of any examination by the FRB are payable by the Company. The Company is a bank holding company within the meaning of Section 3700 of the California Financial Code. As such, the Company and the Bank are subject to examination by, and may be required to file reports with, the California Commissioner of Financial Institutions (the “Commissioner”).

The FRB has significant supervisory and regulatory authority over the Company and its affiliates. The FRB requires the Company to maintain certain levels of capital. See “Capital Standards.” The FRB also has the authority to take enforcement action against any bank holding company that commits any unsafe or unsound practice, or violates certain laws, regulations or conditions imposed in writing by the FRB. Under the BHCA, the Company is required to obtain the prior approval of the FRB before it acquires, merges or consolidates with any bank or bank holding company. Any company seeking to acquire, merge or consolidate with the Company also would be required to obtain the prior approval of the FRB.

The Company is generally prohibited under the BHCA from acquiring ownership or control of more than 5% of any class of voting shares of any company that is not a bank or bank holding company and from engaging directly or indirectly in activities other than banking, managing banks, or providing services to affiliates of the holding company. However, a bank holding company, with the approval of the FRB, may engage, or acquire the voting shares of companies engaged, in activities that the FRB has determined to be closely related to banking or managing or controlling banks. A bank holding company must demonstrate that the benefits to the public of the proposed activity will outweigh the possible adverse effects associated with such activity.

The FRB generally prohibits a bank holding company from declaring or paying a cash dividend that would impose undue pressure on the capital of subsidiary banks or would be funded only through borrowing or other arrangements which might adversely affect a bank holding company’s financial position. Under the FRB policy, a bank holding company should not continue its existing rate of cash dividends on its common stock unless its net income is sufficient to fully fund each dividend and its prospective rate of earnings retention appears consistent with its capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition. See the section entitled “Restrictions on Dividends and Other Distributions” for additional restrictions on the ability of the Company and the Bank to pay dividends.

Transactions between the Company and the Bank are restricted under Regulation W, adopted in 2003. The regulation codifies prior interpretations of the FRB and its staff under Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act. In general, subject to certain specified exemptions, a bank or its subsidiaries are limited in their ability to engage in “covered transactions” with affiliates: (a) to an amount equal to 10% of the bank’s capital and surplus, in the case of covered transactions with any one affiliate; and (b) to an amount equal to 20% of the bank’s capital and surplus, in the case of covered transactions with all affiliates. The Company is considered to be an affiliate of the Bank.

A “covered transaction” includes, among other things, a loan or extension of credit to an affiliate; a purchase of securities issued by an affiliate; a purchase of assets from an affiliate, with some exceptions; and the issuance of a guarantee, acceptance or letter of credit on behalf of an affiliate.

Federal regulations governing bank holding companies and change in bank control (Regulation Y) provide for a streamlined and expedited review process for bank acquisition proposals submitted by well-run bank holding companies. These provisions of Regulation Y are subject to numerous qualifications, limitations and restrictions. In order for a bank holding company to qualify as “well-run,” both it and the insured depository institutions which it controls must meet the “well capitalized” and “well managed” criteria set forth in Regulation Y.

On March 11, 2000, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (the “GLBA”), or the Financial Services Act of 1999 became effective. The GLBA repealed provisions of the Glass-Steagall Act, which had prohibited commercial banks and securities firms from affiliating with each other and engaging in each other’s businesses. Thus, many of the barriers prohibiting affiliations between commercial banks and securities firms have been eliminated.

The BHCA was also amended by the GLBA to allow new “financial holding companies” (“FHCs”) to offer banking, insurance, securities and other financial products to consumers. Specifically, the GLBA amended section 4 of the BHCA in order to provide for a framework for the engagement in new financial activities. A bank holding company (“BHC”) may elect to become an FHC if all its subsidiary depository institutions are well capitalized and well managed. If these requirements are met, a BHC may file a certification to that effect with the FRB and declare that it elects to become an FHC. After the certification and declaration is filed, the FHC may engage either de novo or through an acquisition in any activity that has been determined by the FRB to be financial in nature or incidental to such financial activity. BHCs may engage in financial activities without prior notice to the FRB if those activities qualify under the list of permissible activities in section 4(k) of the BHCA. However, notice must be given to the FRB within 30 days after an FHC has commenced one or more of the financial activities. The Company has not elected to become an FHC.

Regulation and Supervision of Banks

The Bank is a California state-chartered bank and its deposits are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”). Prior to January 14, 2008, the Bank was also a member of the Federal Reserve System. The Bank is subject to regulation, supervision and regular examination by the California Department of Financial Institutions (“DFI”), and the FRB prior to January 14, 2008 and, upon becoming a non-member bank, by the FDIC after January 14, 2008. The regulations of these agencies affect most aspects of the Bank’s business and prescribe permissible types of loans and investments, the amount of required reserves, requirements for branch offices, the permissible scope of its activities and various other requirements.

In addition to federal banking law, the Bank is also subject to applicable provisions of California law. Under California law, the Bank is subject to various restrictions on, and requirements regarding, its operations and administration including the maintenance of branch offices and automated teller machines, capital requirements, deposits and borrowings, shareholder rights and duties, and investment and lending activities.

California law permits a state-chartered bank to invest in the stock and securities of other corporations, subject to a state-chartered bank receiving either general authorization or, depending on the amount of the proposed investment, specific authorization from the Commissioner. While a member of the Federal Reserve System, the Bank’s investment authority was limited by regulations promulgated by the FRB. In addition, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act (“FDICIA”) imposes limitations on the activities and equity investments of state chartered, federally insured banks. FDICIA also prohibits a state bank from making an investment or engaging in any activity as a principal that is not permissible for a national bank, unless the Bank is adequately capitalized and the FDIC approves the investment or activity after determining that such investment or activity does not pose a significant risk to the deposit insurance fund.

Capital Standards

The federal banking agencies have risk-based capital adequacy guidelines intended to provide a measure of capital adequacy that reflects the degree of risk associated with a banking organization’s operations for both transactions resulting in assets being recognized on the balance sheet as assets, and the extension of credit facilities such as letters of credit and recourse arrangements, which are recorded as off balance sheet items. Under these guidelines, nominal dollar amounts of assets and credit equivalent amounts of off balance sheet items are multiplied by one of several risk adjustment percentages, which range from 0% for assets with low credit risk, such as certain U.S. government securities, to 100% for assets with relatively higher credit risk, such as certain loans.

A banking organization’s risk-based capital ratios are obtained by dividing its qualifying capital by its total risk-adjusted assets and off balance sheet items.

The federal banking agencies take into consideration concentrations of credit risk and risks from nontraditional activities, as well as an institution’s ability to manage those risks, when determining the adequacy of an institution’s capital. This evaluation is made as a part of the institution’s regular safety and soundness examination. The federal banking agencies also consider interest rate risk (related to the interest rate sensitivity of an institution’s assets and liabilities, and its off balance sheet financial instruments) in the evaluation of a bank’s capital adequacy.

As of December 31, 2008, the Company’s and the Bank’s respective ratios exceeded applicable regulatory requirements. See Note 9 to the consolidated financial statements for capital ratios of the Company and the Bank, compared to the standards for well capitalized depository institutions and for minimum capital requirements.

Prompt Corrective Action and Other Enforcement Mechanisms

FDICIA requires each federal banking agency to take prompt corrective action to resolve the problems of insured depository institutions, including but not limited to those that fall below one or more prescribed minimum capital ratios.

An institution that, based upon its capital levels, is classified as “well capitalized,” “adequately capitalized” or “undercapitalized” may be treated as though it were in the next lower capital category if the appropriate federal banking agency, after notice and opportunity for hearing, determines that an unsafe or unsound condition or an unsafe or unsound practice warrants such treatment. At each successive lower capital category, an insured depository institution is subject to more restrictions. In addition to measures taken under the prompt corrective action provisions, commercial banking organizations may be subject to potential enforcement actions by the federal banking agencies for unsafe or unsound practices in conducting their businesses or for violations of any law, rule, regulation or any condition imposed in writing by the agency or any written agreement with the agency.

Safety and Soundness Standards

The Company’s ability to pay dividends to its shareholders is subject to the restrictions set forth in the California General Corporation Law or the CGCL. The CGCL provides that a corporation may make a distribution to its shareholders if the corporation’s retained earnings equal or exceed the amount of the proposed distribution. The CGCL further provides that, in the event that sufficient retained earnings are not available for the proposed distribution, a corporation may nevertheless make a distribution to its shareholders if the sum of the assets of the corporation (exclusive of goodwill, capitalized research and development expenses and deferred charges) would be at least equal to 1.25 times its liabilities (not including deferred taxes, deferred income and other deferred credits).

FDICIA also implemented certain specific restrictions on transactions and required federal banking regulators to adopt overall safety and soundness standards for depository institutions related to internal control, loan underwriting and documentation and asset growth. Among other things, FDICIA limits the interest rates paid on deposits by undercapitalized institutions, restricts the use of brokered deposits, limits the aggregate extensions of credit by a depository institution to an executive officer, director, principal shareholder or related interest, and reduces deposit insurance coverage for deposits offered by undercapitalized institutions for deposits by certain employee benefits accounts. The federal banking agencies may require an institution to submit to an acceptable compliance plan as well as have the flexibility to pursue other more appropriate or effective courses of action given the specific circumstances and severity of an institution’s noncompliance with one or more standards.

Federal banking agencies require banks to maintain adequate valuation allowances for potential credit losses. The Company has an internal staff that continually reviews loan quality and reports to the Board of Directors. This analysis includes a detailed review of the classification and categorization of problem loans, assessment of the overall quality and collectibility of the loan portfolio, consideration of loan loss experience, trends in problem loans, concentration of credit risk, and current economic conditions, particularly in the Bank’s market areas. Based on this analysis, management, with the review and approval of the Board, determines the adequate level of allowance required. The allowance is allocated to different segments of the loan portfolio, but the entire allowance is available for the loan portfolio in its entirety.

Restrictions on Dividends and Other Distributions

The power of the board of directors of an insured depository institution to declare a cash dividend or other distribution with respect to capital is subject to statutory and regulatory restrictions which limit the amount available for such distribution depending upon the earnings, financial condition and cash needs of the institution, as well as general business conditions. FDICIA prohibits insured depository institutions from paying management fees to any controlling persons or, with certain limited exceptions, making capital distributions, including dividends, if, after such transaction, the institution would be undercapitalized.

In addition to the restrictions imposed under federal law, banks chartered under California law generally may only pay cash dividends to the extent such payments do not exceed the lesser of retained earnings of the bank or the bank’s net income for its last three fiscal years (less any distributions to shareholders during this period). In the event a bank desires to pay cash dividends in excess of such amount, the bank may pay a cash dividend with the prior approval of the Commissioner in an amount not exceeding the greatest of the bank’s retained earnings, the bank’s net income for its last fiscal year or the bank’s net income for its current fiscal year.

The federal banking agencies also have the authority to prohibit a depository institution from engaging in business practices which are considered to be unsafe or unsound, possibly including payment of dividends or other payments under certain circumstances even if such payments are not expressly prohibited by statute. Under the terms of the Treasury Preferred Stock, the Company is restricted from increasing common dividends.

Premiums for Deposit Insurance and Assessments for Examinations

The Bank’s deposits are insured by the Deposit Insurance Fund (DIF) administered by the FDIC. FDICIA established several mechanisms to increase funds to protect deposits insured by the DIF. The FDIC is authorized to borrow up to $30 billion from the Treasury; up to 90% of the fair market value of assets of institutions acquired by the FDIC as receiver from the Federal Financing Bank; and from depository institutions which are members of the DIF. Any borrowings not repaid by asset sales are to be repaid through insurance premiums assessed to member institutions. Such premiums must be sufficient to repay any borrowed funds within 15 years and provide insurance fund reserves of $1.25 for each $100 of insured deposits. FDICIA also provides authority for special assessments against insured deposits.

Congress adopted the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005 as part of the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 and the President signed it on February 8, 2006 and a companion bill, the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Conforming Amendments Act of 2005, on February 15, 2006. This legislation provided for:

	•		merging the DIF and SAIF deposit insurance funds;
	•		annually adjusting the minimum insurance fund reserve ratio between $1.15 and $1.50 per $100 of insured deposits;
	•		increasing deposit coverage for retirement accounts to $250,000,
	•		indexing the insurance level for inflation, with any increases approved by the FDIC and National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) on a five-year cycle beginning in 2010 after review of the state of the deposit insurance fund and related factors;
	•		credits of up to $4.7 billion to offset premiums for banks that capitalized the FDIC by 1996; and
	•		a historical basis concept for distributing credits and dividends to reflect past contributions to the insurance funds.

In the fourth quarter of 2006, the FDIC adopted two final rules implementing the Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Act of 2005. One rule creates a new system for risk-based assessments and sets assessment rates beginning January 1, 2007. Assessment rates are three basis points above the base rates, ranging from 5 to 7 basis for Risk Category I institutions, 10 basis points for Risk Category II institutions, 28 basis points for Risk Category III institutions, and 43 basis points for Risk Category IV institutions. The Bank is categorized as a Risk Category I institution. The other rule sets the designated reserve ratio at 1.25%.

The FDIC has designated the DIF long-term target reserve ratio at 1.25% of insured deposits. Due to recent bank failures, the FDIC insurance fund reserve ratio has fallen below 1.15%, the statutory minimum. Effective January 1, 2009, the FDIC adopted a restoration plan that uniformly increased insurance assessments by 7 basis points (annualized) to the rates shown above. The FDIC has proposed changes to the deposit insurance assessment system beginning with the second quarter of 2009 to make the increase in assessments fairer by requiring riskier institutions to pay a larger share. Institutions would be classified into one of four risk categories. Within each category, the FDIC will be able to assess higher rates to institutions with a significant reliance on secured liabilities, which generally raises the FDIC’s loss in the event of failure without providing additional assessment revenue. The proposal also would assess higher rates for institutions with a significant reliance on brokered deposits but, for well-managed and well-capitalized institutions, only when accompanied by rapid asset growth. The proposal also would provide incentives in the form of a reduction in assessment rates for institutions to hold long-term unsecured debt and, for smaller institutions, high levels of Tier 1 capital. Together, the changes would improve the way the system differentiates risk among insured institutions and help ensure that the reserve ratio returns to at least 1.15% percent by the end of 2013. The increase in premium assessments will increase the Company’s expenses in 2009. The Company was assessed a $396 thousand quarterly premium for the fourth quarter 2008 at the 5 basis point assessment rate in effect at that time.

In October of 2006, FDIC’s Board adopted a final rule governing the distribution and use of the $4.7 billion one-time assessment credit. The Bank was allowed to apply assessment credits of $357 thousand to offset premiums assessed in the fourth quarter 2008. Application of such credits toward the $396 thousand assessed premium caused the Bank to pay assessments of $39 thousand in the fourth quarter 2008. At December 31, 2008, the Bank’s remaining assessment credits totaled $2.4 million.

Under the EESA, adopted on October 3, 2008, certain increases in FDIC deposit insurance have also been approved. From October 3, 2008, until December 31, 2009, the amount of deposit insurance provided by the FDIC is increased from $100,000 to $250,000. This temporary increase is automatic. In November 2008, the FDIC adopted the Transaction Account Guaranty

Program (“TAGP”) that provides unlimited deposit insurance on funds in noninterest-bearing transaction deposit accounts, certain attorney trust accounts, and NOW accounts paying not more than 50 basis points of interest regardless of dollar amount. These accounts are mainly payment-processing accounts, such as payroll accounts used by businesses. The Bank has elected to participate in the TAGP, and, as a result, will be assessed an additional 10 basis point surcharge on the insured deposit balances exceeding $250,000.

Community Reinvestment Act and Fair Lending Developments

The Bank is subject to certain fair lending requirements and reporting obligations involving home mortgage lending operations and Community Reinvestment Act (“CRA”) activities. The CRA generally requires the federal banking agencies to evaluate the record of financial institutions in meeting the credit needs of their local communities, including low and moderate income neighborhoods. In addition to substantive penalties and corrective measures that may be required for a violation of certain fair lending laws, the federal banking agencies may take compliance with such laws and CRA into account when regulating and supervising other activities.

Financial Privacy Legislation and Customer Information Security

The GLBA, in addition to the previously described changes in permissible nonbanking activities permitted to banks, BHCs and FHCs, also required the federal banking agencies, among other federal regulatory agencies, to adopt regulations governing the privacy of consumer financial information. The Bank is subject to the FRB’s regulations in this area. The federal bank regulatory agencies have established standards for safeguarding nonpublic personal information about customers that implement provisions of the GLBA (the “Guidelines”). Among other things, the Guidelines require each financial institution, under the supervision and ongoing oversight of its Board of Directors or an appropriate committee thereof, to develop, implement and maintain a comprehensive written information security program designed to ensure the security and confidentiality of customer information, to protect against any anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of such information, and to protect against unauthorized access to or use of such information that could result in substantial harm or inconvenience to any customer.

U.S.A. PATRIOT Act

On October 26, 2001, the President signed into law the Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 or the “USA Patriot Act.” Title III of the Act is the International Money Laundering Abatement and Anti-Terrorist Financing Act of 2001. It includes numerous provisions for fighting international money laundering and blocking terrorist access to the U.S. financial system. The goal of Title III is to prevent the U.S. financial system and the U.S. clearing mechanisms from being used by parties suspected of terrorism, terrorist financing and money laundering.

The provisions of Title III of the USA Patriot Act which affect banking organizations, including the Bank, are generally set forth as amendments to the Bank Secrecy Act. These provisions relate principally to U.S. banking organizations’ relationships with foreign banks and with persons who are resident outside the United States. The USA Patriot Act does not impose any filing or reporting obligations for banking organizations, but does require certain additional due diligence and recordkeeping practices.

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

On July 30, 2002, the U.S. Congress enacted the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley”). The stated goals of Sarbanes-Oxley are to increase corporate responsibility, to provide for enhanced penalties for accounting and auditing improprieties at publicly traded companies and to protect investors by improving the accuracy and reliability of corporate disclosures pursuant to the securities laws. Sarbanes-Oxley generally applies to all companies, both U.S. and non-U.S., that file or are required to file periodic reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”).

Sarbanes-Oxley includes very specific additional disclosure requirements and corporate governance rules, required the SEC and securities exchanges to adopt extensive additional disclosure, corporate governance and other related rules and mandates further studies of certain issues. Sarbanes-Oxley represents significant federal involvement in matters traditionally left to state regulatory systems, such as the regulation of the accounting profession, and to state corporate law, such as the relationship between a board of directors and management and between a board of directors and its committees and public company shareholders.

Sarbanes-Oxley addresses, among other matters: (i) independent audit committees for reporting companies whose securities are listed on national exchanges or automated quotation systems (the “Exchanges”) and expanded duties and responsibilities for audit committees; (ii) certification of financial statements by the chief executive officer and the chief financial officer; (iii) the forfeiture of bonuses or other incentive-based compensation and profits from the sale of an issuer’s securities by directors and senior officers in the twelve month period following initial publication of any financial statements that later require restatement; (iv) a prohibition on insider trading during pension plan black out periods; (v) disclosure of off-balance sheet transactions; (vi) a prohibition on personal loans to directors and officers under most circumstances with exceptions for certain normal course transactions by regulated financial institutions; (vii) expedited electronic filing requirements related to trading by insiders in an issuer’s securities on Form 4; (viii) disclosure of a code of ethics and filing a Form 8-K for a change or waiver of such code; (ix) accelerated filing of periodic reports; (x) the formation of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) to oversee public accounting firms and the audit of public companies that are subject to the securities laws; (xi) auditor independence; (xii) internal control evaluation and reporting; and (xiii) various increased criminal penalties for violations of securities laws.

Given the extensive role of the SEC, the PCAOB and the Exchanges in implementing rules relating to Sarbanes-Oxley’s requirements, the federalization of certain elements traditionally within the sphere of state corporate law, the impact of Sarbanes-Oxley on reporting companies has been and will continue to be significant.

Programs To Mitigate Identity Theft

In November 2007, federal banking agencies together with the NCUA and FTC adopted regulations under the Fair and Accurate Credit Transactions Act of 2003 to require financial institutions and other creditors to develop and implement a written identity theft prevention program to detect, prevent and mitigate identity theft in connection with certain new and existing accounts. Covered accounts generally include consumer accounts and other accounts that present a reasonably foreseeable risk of identity theft. Each institution’s program must include policies and procedures designed to: (i) identify indicators, or “red flags,” of possible risk of identity theft based; (ii) detect the occurrence of red flags; (iii) respond appropriately to red flags that are detected; and (iv) ensure that the program is updated periodically as appropriate to address changing circumstances. The regulations include guidelines that each institution must consider and, to the extent appropriate, include in its program.

Pending Legislation

Changes to state laws and regulations (including changes in interpretation or enforcement) can affect the operating environment of BHCs and their subsidiaries in substantial and unpredictable ways. From time to time, various legislative and regulatory proposals are introduced. These proposals, if codified, may change banking statutes and regulations and the Company’s operating environment in substantial and unpredictable ways. If codified, these proposals could increase or decrease the cost of doing business, limit or expand permissible activities or affect the competitive balance among banks, savings associations, credit unions and other financial institutions. The Company cannot accurately predict whether those changes in laws and regulations will occur, and, if those changes occur, the ultimate effect they would have upon our financial condition or results of operations. It is likely, however, that the current level of enforcement and compliance-related activities of federal and state authorities will continue and potentially increase.

Recent Developments

On October 3, 2008, Congress adopted the EESA, including a Troubled Asset Relief Program (“TARP”). TARP gave the Treasury authority to deploy up to $700 billion into the financial system for the purpose of improving liquidity in capital markets. On October 14, 2008, Treasury announced plans to direct $250 billion of this authority into preferred stock investments in banks and bank holding companies through a Capital Purchase Program (“CPP”). EESA includes certain limitations on executive compensation, including limits on deductibility of executive compensation in excess of $500,000, and imposes certification and disclosure requirements concerning compliance with these limitations.

In November 2008, the FDIC adopted a Temporary Liquidity Guarantee Program, which includes a Debt Guarantee Program, under which the FDIC will guarantee the payment of certain newly-issued senior unsecured debt of financial institutions, and the Transaction Account Guarantee Program, under which the FDIC will guarantee certain noninterest-bearing transaction accounts and certain other accounts, in each case for financial institutions that elect to participate.

On February 10, 2009, Treasury announced a Financial Stability Plan to address aspects of the economy’s difficulties. The plan intended to revise the form of capital injections into financial institutions, increases the size and scope of a previously announced non-recourse lending facility by the Federal Reserve’s non-recourse lending facility, facilitate the creation of a public-private investment fund to purchase troubled assets from financial institutions, and allocate $50 billion for homeowner/foreclosure assistance. The plan would substantially increase the amount of funds injected into the nation’s financial system.

On February 17, 2009, President Obama signed into law the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (“ARRA”). ARRA provides similar and additional limitations and requirements with respect to executive compensation and also amends Section 111 of EESA, which was the source of many of the executive compensation restrictions referenced above. The actual effect of the combination of the limitations in EESA, certain guidance issued by Treasury on February 4, 2009, and ARRA is not yet certain.

Competition

In the past, the Bank’s principal competitors for deposits and loans have been other banks (particularly major banks) and smaller community banks, savings and loan associations and credit unions. To a lesser extent, competition was also provided by thrift and loans, mortgage brokerage companies and insurance companies. Other institutions, such as brokerage houses, mutual fund companies, credit card companies, and certain retail establishments have offered investment vehicles which also compete with banks for deposit business. Federal legislation in recent years has encouraged competition between different types of financial institutions and fostered new entrants into the financial services market, and it is anticipated that this trend will continue.

The enactment of the Interstate Banking and Branching Act in 1994 and the California Interstate Banking and Branching Act of 1995 have increased competition within California. Regulatory reform, as well as other changes in federal and California law, will also affect competition. While the future impact of these changes, and of other proposed changes, cannot be predicted with certainty, it is clear that the business of banking will remain highly competitive.

Legislative changes, as well as technological and economic factors, can be expected to have an ongoing impact on competitive conditions within the financial services industry. As an active participant in the financial markets, the Company believes that it continually adapts to these changing competitive conditions.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Readers and prospective investors in the Company’s securities should carefully consider the following risk factors as well as the other information contained or incorporated by reference in this report.

The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones facing the Company. Additional risks and uncertainties that management is not aware of or focused on or that management currently deems immaterial may also impair the Company’s business operations. This report is qualified in its entirety by these risk factors.

If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company’s financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected. If this were to happen, the value of the company’s securities could decline significantly, and investors could lose all or part of their investment in the Company’s common stock.

Market and Interest Rate Risk

Changes in interest rates could reduce income and cash flow.

The discussion in this report under “Item 7 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Asset and Liability Management” and “- Liquidity” and “Item 7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk” is incorporated by reference in this paragraph. The Company’s income and cash flow depend to a great extent on the difference between the interest earned on loans and investment securities compared to the interest paid on deposits and other borrowings, and the Company’s success in competing for loans and deposits. The Company cannot control or prevent changes in the level of interest rates. They fluctuate in response to general economic conditions and the policies of various governmental and regulatory agencies, in particular, the Federal Open Market Committee of the FRB. Changes in monetary policy, including changes in interest rates, will influence the origination of loans, the purchase of investments, the generation of deposits and other borrowings, and the rates received on loans and investment securities and paid on deposits and other liabilities.

Changes in capital market conditions could reduce asset valuations.

Capital market conditions, including liquidity, investor confidence, perceived counter-party risk, the supply of and demand for financial instruments, the financial strength of market participants, and other factors, have materially deteriorated in the past 12 months. This deterioration could negatively impact the value of financial instruments. An impairment in the value of the Company’s assets could result in asset write-downs, reducing the Company’s asset values, earnings, and equity.

Current market developments may adversely affect the Company’s industry, business and results of operations.

Dramatic declines in the housing market during the prior year, with falling home prices and increasing foreclosures and unemployment, have resulted in significant write-downs of asset values by financial institutions, including government-sponsored entities and major commercial and investment banks. These write-downs, initially of mortgage-backed securities but spreading to credit default swaps and other derivative securities, have caused many financial institutions to seek additional capital, to merge with larger and stronger institutions and, in some cases, to fail. Many lenders and institutional investors, concerned about the stability of the financial markets generally and the strength of counterparties, have reduced or ceased to provide funding to borrowers, including other financial institutions. The resulting lack of available credit, lack of confidence in the financial sector, increased volatility in the financial markets and reduced business activity could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

The soundness of other financial institutions could adversely affect the Company.

Financial services institutions are interrelated as a result of trading, clearing, counterparty, or other relationships. The Company routinely executes transactions with counterparties in the financial services industry, including brokers and dealers, commercial banks, investment banks, and other institutional clients. Many of these transactions expose the Company to credit risk in the event of default of the Company’s counterparty or client. In addition, the Company’s credit risk may be increased when the collateral the Company holds cannot be realized or is liquidated at prices not sufficient to recover the full amount of the secured obligation. There is no assurance that any such losses would not materially and adversely affect the Company’s results of operations or earnings.

Current levels of market volatility are unprecedented.

The capital and credit markets have been experiencing volatility and disruption for more than 12 months. Recently, the volatility and disruption has reached unprecedented levels. In some cases, the markets have produced downward pressure on stock prices and credit availability for certain issuers without regard to those issuers’ underlying financial strength. If current levels of market disruption and volatility continue or worsen, there can be no assurance that the Company will not experience an adverse effect, which may be material, on the Company’s ability to access capital and on the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations.

There can be no assurance that the recently enacted legislation will help stabilize the U.S. financial system.

On October 3, 2008, President Bush signed into law the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (the “EESA”), which evolved from the Treasury’s initial proposal in response to the financial crises affecting the banking system and financial markets and going concern threats to investment banks and other financial institutions. On February 17, 2009, President Obama signed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (the “ARRA”) into law. The Treasury and banking regulators are implementing a number of programs under this legislation to address capital and liquidity issues in the banking system. There can be no assurance, however, as to the actual impact that the EESA or ARRA will have on the financial markets, including the extreme levels of volatility and limited credit availability currently being experienced. The failure of the EESA OR ARRA to help stabilize the financial markets and a continuation or worsening of current financial market conditions could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, access to credit or the trading price of the Company’s common stock.

Risks Related to the Nature and Geographical Location of the Company’s Business

The Company invests in loans that contain inherent credit risks that may cause the Company to incur losses.

The Company can provide no assurance that the credit quality of the loan portfolio will not deteriorate in the future and that such deterioration will not adversely affect the Company.

The Company’s operations are concentrated geographically in California, and poor economic conditions may cause the Company to incur losses.

Substantially all of the Company’s business is located in California. A portion of the loan portfolio of the Company is dependent on real estate. At December 31, 2008, real estate served as the principal source of collateral with respect to approximately 54% of the Company’s loan portfolio. The Company’s financial condition and operating results will be subject to changes in economic conditions in California. In the early to mid-1990s, California experienced a significant and prolonged downturn in its economy, which adversely affected financial institutions. The California economy is currently in a recession which may last for a prolonged period of time. Economic conditions in California are subject to various uncertainties at this time, including the decline in construction and real estate sectors, the California state government’s budgetary difficulties and continuing fiscal difficulties. The Company can provide no assurance that conditions in the California economy will not deteriorate in the future and that such deterioration will not adversely affect the Company. Many of the Company’s loans are secured by collateral that includes real estate located in California. In 2007 and throughout 2008, much of the California and national real estate market experienced a decline in values of varying degrees. This decline is having an adverse impact on the businesses of some of the Company’s borrowers and on the value of the collateral for many of the Company’s loans.

The markets in which the Company operates are subject to the risk of earthquakes and other natural disasters.

Most of the properties of the Company are located in California. Also, most of the real and personal properties which currently secure some of the Company’s loans are located in California. California is a state which is prone to earthquakes, brush fires, flooding and other natural disasters. In addition to possibly sustaining damage to its own properties, if there is a major earthquake, flood, fire or other natural disaster, the Company faces the risk that many of its borrowers may experience uninsured property losses, or sustained job interruption and/or loss which may materially impair their ability to meet the terms of their loan obligations. A major earthquake, flood, fire or other natural disaster in California could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.

As a financial services company, adverse changes in general business or economic conditions could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

A sustained or continuing weakness or weakening in business and economic conditions generally or specifically in the principal markets in which the Company does business could have one or more of the following adverse impacts on the Company’s business:

	•		a decrease in the demand for loans and other products and services offered by the Company;
	•		an increase or decrease in the usage of unfunded commitments;
	•		an impairment of certain intangible assets, such as goodwill;
	•		an increase in the number of clients and counterparties who become delinquent, file for protection under bankruptcy laws or default on their loans or other obligations to the Company.
	•		an increase in the number of delinquencies, bankruptcies or defaults could result in a higher level of nonperforming assets, net charge-offs, provision for loan losses, and valuation adjustments on loans held for sale.

The Company’s Business May Be Adversely Affected by Conditions in the Financial Markets and Economic Conditions Generally

Since December 2007, the United States has been in a recession. Business activity across a wide range of industries and regions is greatly reduced and local governments and many businesses are in serious difficulty due to the lack of consumer spending and the lack of liquidity in the credit markets. Unemployment has increased significantly.

Since mid-2007, and particularly during the second half of 2008, the financial services industry and the securities markets generally were materially and adversely affected by significant declines in the values of nearly all asset classes and by a serious lack of liquidity. This was initially triggered by declines in home prices and the values of subprime mortgages, but spread to all mortgage and real estate asset classes, to leveraged bank loans and to nearly all asset classes, including equities. The global markets have been characterized by substantially increased volatility and short-selling and an overall loss of investor confidence, initially in financial institutions, but more recently in companies in a number of other industries and in the broader markets.

Market conditions have also led to the failure or merger of a number of prominent financial institutions. Financial institution failures or near-failures have resulted in further losses as a consequence of defaults on securities issued by them and defaults under contracts entered into with such entities as counterparties. Furthermore, declining asset values, defaults on mortgages and consumer loans, and the lack of market and investor confidence, as well as other factors, have all combined to increase credit

default swap spreads, to cause rating agencies to lower credit ratings, and to otherwise increase the cost and decrease the availability of liquidity, despite very significant declines in Federal Reserve borrowing rates and other government actions. Some banks and other lenders have suffered significant losses and have become reluctant to lend, even on a secured basis, due to the increased risk of default and the impact of declining asset values on the value of collateral. The foregoing has significantly weakened the strength and liquidity of some financial institutions worldwide. In 2008, the U.S. government, the Federal Reserve and other regulators have taken numerous steps to increase liquidity and to restore investor confidence, including investing approximately $200 billion in the equity of other banking organizations, but asset values have continued to decline and access to liquidity continues to be very limited.

The Company’s financial performance generally, and in particular the ability of borrowers to pay interest on and repay principal of outstanding loans and the value of collateral securing those loans, is highly dependent upon on the business environment in the markets where the Company operates, in the State of California and in the United States as a whole. A favorable business environment is generally characterized by, among other factors, economic growth, efficient capital markets, low inflation, high business and investor confidence, and strong business earnings. Unfavorable or uncertain economic and market conditions can be caused by: declines in economic growth, business activity or investor or business confidence; limitations on the availability or increases in the cost of credit and capital; increases in inflation or interest rates; natural disasters; or a combination of these or other factors.

Overall, during 2008, the business environment has been adverse for many households and businesses in the United States and worldwide. It is expected that the business environment in the State of California, the United States and worldwide will continue to deteriorate for the foreseeable future. There can be no assurance that these conditions will improve in the near term. Such conditions could adversely affect the credit quality of the Company’s loans, results of operations and financial condition.

The Value of Securities in the Company’s Investment Securities Portfolio May be Negatively Affected by Continued Disruptions In Securities Markets

The market for some of the investment securities held in the Company’s portfolio has become extremely volatile over the past twelve months. Volatile market conditions may detrimentally affect the value of these securities, such as through reduced valuations due to the perception of heightened credit and liquidity risks. There can be no assurance that the declines in market value associated with these disruptions will not result in other than temporary impairments of these assets, which would lead to accounting charges that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s net income and capital levels.

Regulatory Risks

Restrictions on dividends and other distributions could limit amounts payable to the Company.

As a holding company, a substantial portion of the Company’s cash flow typically comes from dividends paid by the Bank. Various statutory provisions restrict the amount of dividends the Company’s subsidiaries can pay to the Company without regulatory approval. In addition, if any of the Company’s subsidiaries were to liquidate, that subsidiary’s creditors will be entitled to receive distributions from the assets of that subsidiary to satisfy their claims against it before the Company, as a holder of an equity interest in the subsidiary, will be entitled to receive any of the assets of the subsidiary.

Adverse effects of changes in banking or other laws and regulations or governmental fiscal or monetary policies could adversely affect the Company.

The Company is subject to significant federal and state regulation and supervision, which is primarily for the benefit and protection of the Company’s customers and not for the benefit of investors. In the past, the Company’s business has been materially affected by these regulations. This trend is likely to continue in the future. Laws, regulations or policies, including accounting standards and interpretations currently affecting the Company and the Company’s subsidiaries, may change at any time. Regulatory authorities may also change their interpretation of these statutes and regulations. Therefore, the Company’s business may be adversely affected by any future changes in laws, regulations, policies or interpretations or regulatory approaches to compliance and enforcement including future acts of terrorism, major U.S. corporate bankruptcies and reports of accounting irregularities at U.S. public companies.

Additionally, the Company’s business is affected significantly by the fiscal and monetary policies of the federal government and its agencies. The Company is particularly affected by the policies of the FRB, which regulates the supply of money and credit in the United States of America. Under long- standing policy of the FRB, a BHC is expected to act as a source of financial strength for its subsidiary banks. As a result of that policy, the Company may be required to commit financial and other resources to its

subsidiary bank in circumstances where the Company might not otherwise do so. Among the instruments of monetary policy available to the FRB are (a) conducting open market operations in U.S. government securities, (b) changing the discount rates of borrowings by depository institutions, and (c) imposing or changing reserve requirements against certain borrowings by banks and their affiliates. These methods are used in varying degrees and combinations to directly affect the availability of bank loans and deposits, as well as the interest rates charged on loans and paid on deposits. The policies of the FRB may have a material effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

Federal and state governments could pass legislation responsive to current credit conditions.

As an example, the Company could experience higher credit losses because of federal or state legislation or regulatory action that reduces the amount the Bank’s borrowers are otherwise contractually required to pay under existing loan contracts. Also, the Company could experience higher credit losses because of federal or state legislation or regulatory action that limits the Bank’s ability to foreclose on property or other collateral or makes foreclosure less economically feasible.

The FDIC insures deposits at insured financial institutions up to certain limits. The FDIC charges insured financial institutions premiums to maintain the Deposit Insurance Fund. Current economic conditions have increased expectations for bank failures, in which case the FDIC would take control of failed banks and ensure payment of deposits up to insured limits using the resources of the Deposit Insurance Fund. In such case, the FDIC may increase premium assessments to maintain adequate funding of the Deposit Insurance Fund.

The behavior of depositors in regard to the level of FDIC insurance could cause our existing customers to reduce the amount of deposits held at the Bank, and could cause new customers to open deposit accounts at the Bank. The level and composition of the Bank’s deposit portfolio directly impacts the Bank’s funding cost and net interest margin.

The Federal Reserve Bank has been providing vast amounts of liquidity into the banking system to compensate for weaknesses in short-term borrowing markets and other capital markets. A reduction in the Federal Reserve’s activities or capacity could reduce liquidity in the markets, thereby increasing funding costs to the Bank or reducing the availability of funds to the Bank to finance its existing operations.

As discussed in Item 1. Business, on February 13, 2009, the Company utilized the CPP of the EESA issuing Treasury Preferred Stock and a TARP Warrant. The term of the CPP could reduce investment returns to participating banks’ shareholders by restricting dividends to common shareholders, diluting existing shareholders’ interest, and restricting capital management practices.

Systems, Accounting and Internal Control Risks

The accuracy of the Company’s judgments and estimates about financial and accounting matters will impact operating results and financial condition.

The discussion under “Item 7 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations — Critical Accounting Policies” in this report and the information referred to in that discussion is incorporated by reference in this paragraph. The Company makes certain estimates and judgments in preparing its financial statements. The quality and accuracy of those estimates and judgments will have an impact on the Company’s operating results and financial condition.

The Company’s information systems may experience an interruption or breach in security.

The Company relies heavily on communications and information systems to conduct its business. Any failure, interruption or breach in security of these systems could result in failures or disruptions in the Company’s customer relationship management and systems. There can be no assurance that any such failures, interruptions or security breaches will not occur or, if they do occur, that they will be adequately corrected by the Company. The occurrence of any such failures, interruptions or security breaches could damage the Company’s reputation, result in a loss of customer business, subject the Company to additional regulatory scrutiny, or expose the Company to litigation and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition and results of operations.

The Company’s controls and procedures may fail or be circumvented.

Management regularly reviews and updates the Company’s internal control over financial reporting, disclosure controls and procedures, and corporate governance policies and procedures. The Company maintains controls and procedures to mitigate against risks such as processing system failures and errors, and customer or employee fraud, and maintains insurance coverage for certain of these risks. Any system of controls and procedures, however well designed and operated, is based in part on certain assumptions and can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurances that the objectives of the system are met. Events could occur which are not prevented or detected by the Company’s internal controls or are not insured against or are in excess of the Company’s insurance limits. Any failure or circumvention of the Company’s controls and procedures or failure to comply with regulations related to controls and procedures could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations and financial condition.

The Company may have difficulty integrating the branches and operations of the former County Bank.

On February 6, 2009, the Bank acquired approximately $1.6 billion in assets, including loans, and $1.2 billion in deposits of the former County Bank, of Merced, California, from the FDIC as its receiver. County Bank’s loan portfolio had suffered substantial deterioration over the previous year, and the Company can provide no assurance that it will not continue to deteriorate now that it is part of the Bank’s portfolio. If Management’s estimates of the losses are too low, the recorded fair values for the loans may need to be reduced with a corresponding charge to earnings. In addition, integrating County Bank’s 39 branches, employees and customers will require substantial expense and management efforts. If the Company consolidates branches, the Company risks attrition in deposits and customers.

Shares of Company common stock eligible for future sale could have a dilutive effect on the market for Company common stock and could adversely affect the market price.

The Articles of Incorporation of the Company authorize the issuance of 150 million shares of common stock (and two additional classes of 1 million shares each, denominated “Class B Common Stock” and “Preferred Stock”, respectively) of which approximately 28.9 million were outstanding at December 31, 2008. Pursuant to its stock option plans, at December 31, 2008, the Company had exercisable options outstanding of 2.1 million. As of December 31, 2008, 3.1 million shares of Company common stock remained available for grants under the Company’s stock option plans. Sales of substantial amounts of Company common stock in the public market could adversely affect the market price of its common stock. The Company repurchases and retires its common stock in accordance with Board of Directors approved share repurchase programs. At December 31, 2008, approximately 2.0 million shares remained available to repurchase under such plans.

The Agreement between the Company and the United States Treasury limits the Company’s ability to pay dividends on and repurchase the Company’s common stock.

The Securities Purchase Agreement between the Company and the Treasury pursuant to which the Company sold $83.7 million of the Company’s Series A Preferred Stock (the “Treasury Preferred Stock”) and issued a warrant to purchase up to 246,640 shares of the Company’s common stock (the “TARP Warrant”) provides that prior to the earlier of (i) February 13, 2012 and (ii) the date on which all of the shares of the Treasury Preferred Stock have been redeemed by the Company or transferred by the Treasury to third parties, the Company may not, without the consent of the Treasury, (a) increase the cash dividend on the Company’s common stock above $0.35 per share, the amount of the last quarterly cash dividend per share declared prior to October 14, 2008 or (b) subject to limited exceptions, redeem, repurchase or otherwise acquire shares of the Company’s common stock or preferred stock other than the Treasury Preferred Stock. In addition, the Company is unable to pay any dividends on the Company’s common stock unless the Company is current in the Company’s dividend payments on the Treasury Preferred Stock. These restrictions, together with the potentially dilutive impact of the TARP Warrant described in the next risk factor, could have a negative effect on the value of the Company’s common stock. Moreover, holders of the Company’s common stock are entitled to receive dividends only when, as and if declared by the Company’s Board of Directors. Although the Company has historically paid cash dividends on the Company’s common stock, the Company is not required to do so and the Company’s Board of Directors could reduce or eliminate the Company’s common stock dividend in the future.

The Treasury Preferred Stock impacts net income available to the Company’s common stockholders and earnings per common share, and the TARP Warrant may be dilutive to holders of the Company’s common stock.

The dividends declared and the accretion of the discount on the Treasury Preferred Stock will reduce the net income available to common stockholders and the Company’s earnings per common share. The Treasury Preferred Stock will also receive preferential treatment in the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company. Additionally, the ownership interest of the

existing holders of the Company’s common stock will be diluted to the extent the TARP Warrant is exercised. The shares of common stock underlying the TARP Warrant represent approximately 0.85% of the shares of the Company’s common stock outstanding as of February 13, 2009 (including the shares issuable upon exercise of the TARP Warrant in total shares outstanding). Although the Treasury has agreed not to vote any of the shares of common stock it receives upon exercise of the TARP Warrant, a transferee of any portion of the TARP Warrant or of any shares of common stock acquired upon exercise of the TARP Warrant is not bound by this restriction.

Because of the Company’s participation in the Troubled Asset Relief Program, the Company is subject to several restrictions including restrictions on compensation paid to the Company’s executives.

Pursuant to the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company adopted certain standards for executive compensation and corporate governance for the period during which the Initial Selling Shareholder holds the equity issued pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, including the common stock which may be issued pursuant to the TARP Warrant. These standards generally apply to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and the three next most highly compensated senior executive officers. The standards include (1) ensuring that incentive compensation for senior executives does not encourage unnecessary and excessive risks that threaten the value of the financial institution; (2) required clawback of any bonus or incentive compensation paid to a senior executive based on statements of earnings, gains or other criteria that are later proven to be materially inaccurate; (3) prohibition on making golden parachute payments to senior executives; and (4) agreement not to deduct for tax purposes executive compensation in excess of $500,000 for each senior executive. In particular, the change to the deductibility limit on executive compensation will likely increase the overall cost of the Company’s compensation programs in future periods. Since the TARP Warrant has a ten year term, the Company could potentially be subject to the executive compensation and corporate governance restrictions for a ten year time period. Pursuant to the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, further compensation restrictions, including significant limitations on incentive compensation and “golden parachute” payments, have been imposed on the Company’s most highly compensated employees, which may make it more difficult for the Company to retain and recruit qualified personnel.

ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None

ITEM 2. PROPERTIES

Branch Offices and Facilities

WAB is engaged in the banking business through 86 offices in 21 counties in Northern and Central California including 13 offices in Fresno County, 11 each in Marin and Sonoma Counties, seven in Napa County, five each in Stanislaus, Lake, Contra Costa and Solano Counties, four in Kern, County, three each in Alameda and Sacramento Counties, two each in Mendocino, Nevada, Placer and Tulare Counties, and one each in Merced, San Francisco, Tuolumne, Kings, Madera, and Yolo Counties. WAB believes all of its offices are constructed and equipped to meet prescribed security requirements.

The Company owns 26 branch office locations and one administrative facility and leases 70 facilities. Most of the leases contain multiple renewal options and provisions for rental increases, principally for changes in the cost of living index, property taxes and maintenance.

On February 6, 2009, in connection with the acquisition of assets and deposits of County Bank, the Company acquired a short-term option to acquire its branch premises located in Merced and throughout the Central Valley. The Company has not yet determined the extent to which the Company will exercise this option.

ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

During 2007, Visa announced that it completed restructuring transactions in preparation for an initial public offering planned for early 2008, and, as part of those transactions, the Bank’s membership interest in Visa was exchanged for an equity interest in Visa Inc. In accordance with Visa’s by-laws, the Bank and other Visa U.S.A. member banks are obligated to share in Visa’s litigation obligations which existed at the time of the restructuring transactions. On November 7, 2007, Visa announced that it had reached a settlement with American Express related to an antitrust lawsuit. Visa has disclosed other antitrust lawsuits which existed at the time of the restructuring transactions. In consideration of the American Express settlement and other antitrust lawsuits filed against Visa, the Company recorded in the fourth quarter of 2007 a liability and corresponding expense of $2,338 thousand. In the first quarter 2008, Visa funded a litigation settlement escrow using proceeds from its initial public offering. Upon the escrow funding, the Company relieved its liability with a corresponding expense reversal in the amount of $2,338 thousand.

On October 27, 2008, Visa announced that it had reached a settlement with Discover Financial Services related to an antitrust lawsuit that existed at the time of Visa’s restructuring requiring the payment of the settlement to be funded from the litigation settlement escrow. On December 22, 2008, Visa announced that it had funded its litigation settlement escrow in an amount sufficient to meet such litigation obligation pursuant to Visa’s amended and restated Certificate of Incorporation approved by Visa’s shareholders on December 16, 2008. As such, the Company has not recorded a liability for this settlement.

Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is a party to any material pending legal proceeding, nor is their property the subject of any material pending legal proceeding, ordinary routine legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of the Company’s business. None of these proceedings is expected to have a material adverse impact upon the Company’s business, financial position or results of operations.

ITEM 4. SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS

There were no matters submitted to a vote of the shareholders during the fourth quarter of 2008.

PART II

ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDERS MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The Company’s common stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) under the symbol “WABC”. The following table shows the high and the low sales prices for the common stock, for each quarter, as reported by NASDAQ:

		High				Low
2008:
First quarter		$	56.49			$	39.00
Second quarter			61.49				50.55
Third quarter			69.00				35.50
Fourth quarter			60.00				41.17
2007:
First quarter		$	51.47			$	46.43
Second quarter			48.61				44.23
Third quarter			50.49				39.77
Fourth quarter			53.29				42.11

As of February 2, 2009, there were approximately 8,000 shareholders of record of the Company’s common stock.

The Company has paid cash dividends on its common stock in every quarter since its formation in 1972, and it is currently the intention of the Board of Directors of the Company to continue payment of cash dividends on a quarterly basis. There is no assurance, however, that any dividends will be paid since they are dependent upon earnings, cash balances, financial condition and capital requirements of the Company and its subsidiaries as well as policies of the FRB pursuant to the BHCA. See Item 1, “Business — Supervision and Regulation.” As of December 31, 2008, $54 million was allowable for payment of dividends by the Company to its shareholders, under applicable laws and regulations.

The notes to the consolidated financial statements included in this report contain additional information regarding the Company’s capital levels, regulations affecting subsidiary bank dividends paid to the Company, the Company’s earnings, financial condition and cash flows, and cash dividends declared and paid on common stock.

As discussed in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements, in December 1986, the Company declared a dividend distribution of one common share purchase right (the “Right”) for each outstanding share of common stock. The terms of the Rights were most recently amended and restated in 2004. The amended plan is very similar in purpose and effect to the plan as it existed prior to this amendment, aimed at helping the Board of Directors to maximize shareholder value in the event of a change of control of the Company and otherwise resist actions that the Board considers likely to injure the Company or its shareholders.

The Company also issued to Treasury a warrant to purchase 246,640 shares of its common stock at an exercise price of $50.92 per share.

Stock performance

The following chart compares the cumulative return on the Company’s stock during the ten years ended December 31, 2008 with the cumulative return on the S&P 500 composite stock index and NASDAQ’S Bank Index. The comparison assumes $100 invested in each on December 31, 1998 and reinvestment of all dividends.

			Period ending
				1998					1999					2000					2001					2002					2003
	Westamerica Bancorporation (WABC)			$	100.00				$	77.50				$	122.67				$	115.38				$	119.73				$	151.71
	S&P 500 (SPX)				100.00					121.04					109.99					96.99					75.55					97.22
	NASDAQ Bank Index (CBNK)				100.00					94.17					110.92					124.76					133.43					177.52

			Period ending
				2004					2005					2006					2007					2008
	Westamerica Bancorporation (WABC)			$	181.40				$	168.89				$	165.34				$	150.89				$	177.66
	S&P 500 (SPX)				107.77					113.08					130.99					138.18					87.17
	NASDAQ Bank Index (CBNK)				201.71					197.80					225.21					180.38					141.61

The following chart compares the cumulative return on the Company’s stock during the five years ended December 31, 2008 with the cumulative return on the S&P 500 composite stock index and NASDAQ’S Bank Index. The comparison assumes $100 invested in each on December 31, 2003 and reinvestment of all dividends.

			Period ending
				2003					2004					2005					2006					2007					2008
	Westamerica Bancorporation (WABC)			$	100.00				$	119.57				$	111.33				$	108.98				$	99.46				$	117.11
	S&P 500 (SPX)				100.00					110.85					116.30					134.73					142.13					89.66
	NASDAQ Bank Index (CBNK)				100.00					113.63					111.43					126.87					101.61					79.78

ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The table below sets forth the information with respect to purchases made by or on behalf of Westamerica Bancorporation or any “affiliated purchaser” (as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), of common stock during the quarter ended December 31, 2008 (in thousands, except per share data).

(c)

(d)

Total Number

Maximum

of Shares

Number of

(b)

Purchased

Shares that

(a)

Average

as Part of

May Yet Be

Total

Price

Publicly

Purchased

Number of

Paid

Announced

Under the

Shares

per

Plans or

Plans or

Period

Purchased

Share

Programs*

Programs

October 1 through October 31

12

$

50.41

12

1,981

November 1 through November 30

1

51.77

1

1,980

December 1 through December 31

3

51.99

3

1,977

Total

16

$

50.74

16

1,977

*		Includes 12 thousand, 1 thousand and 3 thousand shares purchased in October, November and December, respectively, by the Company in private transactions with the independent administrator of the Company’s Tax Deferred Savings/Retirement Plan (ESOP). The Company includes the shares purchased in such transactions within the total number of shares authorized for purchase pursuant to the currently existing publicly announced program.

The Company repurchases shares of its common stock in the open market to optimize the Company’s use of equity capital and enhance shareholder value and with the intention of lessening the dilutive impact of issuing new shares to meet stock performance, option plans, and other ongoing requirements.

Shares were repurchased during the fourth quarter of 2008 pursuant to a program approved by the Board of Directors on August 28, 2008 authorizing the purchase of up to 2 million shares of the Company’s common stock from time to time prior to September 1, 2009.

On February 13, 2009, the Company utilized the Troubled Asset Relief Program and issued 83,726 preferred shares to the United States Treasury at $1,000 per share (“Treasury Preferred Stock”). Under the terms of the Treasury Preferred Stock, share repurchases are limited to repurchase related to employee benefit programs.

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The following financial information for the five years ended December 31, 2008 has been derived from the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements. This information should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere herein.

WESTAMERICA BANCORPORATION
FINANCIAL SUMMARY
(In thousands, except per share data)

Year ended December 31:		2008				2007				2006				2005*				2004*
Interest income		$	208,469			$	235,872			$	246,515			$	242,797			$	216,337
Interest expense			33,243				72,555				65,268				43,649				21,106
Net interest income			175,226				163,317				181,247				199,148				195,231
Provision for credit losses			2,700				700				445				900				2,700
Noninterest income:
Net losses from securities			(56,955	)			––				––				(4,903	)			(5,011	)
Loss on extinguishment of debt			––				––				––				––				(2,204	)
Deposit service charges and other			54,899				59,278				55,347				59,443				45,798
Total noninterest income			(2,056	)			59,278				55,347				54,540				38,583
Noninterest expense
Visa Litigation			(2,338	)			2,338				––				––				––
Other noninterest expense			103,099				99,090				101,724				107,250				102,099
Total noninterest expense			100,761				101,428				101,724				107,250				102,099
Income before income taxes			69,709				120,467				134,425				145,538				129,015
Provision for income taxes			9,874				30,691				35,619				39,497				35,756
Net income		$	59,835			$	89,776			$	98,806			$	106,041			$	93,259
Earnings per share:
Basic		$	2.07			$	3.02			$	3.17			$	3.28			$	2.93
Diluted			2.04				2.98				3.11				3.22				2.87
Per share:
Dividends paid		$	1.39			$	1.36			$	1.30			$	1.22			$	1.10
Book value at December 31			14.19				13.60				13.89				13.65				11.59
Average common shares outstanding			28,892				29,753				31,202				32,291				31,821
Average diluted common shares outstanding			29,273				30,165				31,739				32,897				32,461
Shares outstanding at December 31			28,880				29,018				30,547				31,882				31,640
At December 31:
Loans, net		$	2,337,956			$	2,450,470			$	2,476,404			$	2,616,372			$	2,246,078
Investments			1,237,779				1,578,109				1,780,617				1,999,604				2,192,542
Intangible assets and goodwill			136,907				140,148				143,801				148,077				21,890
Total assets			4,032,934				4,558,959				4,769,335				5,157,559				4,745,318
Total deposits			3,095,054				3,264,790				3,516,734				3,846,101				3,583,619
Short-term borrowed funds			457,275				798,599				731,977				775,173				735,423
Debt financing and notes payable			26,631				36,773				36,920				40,281				21,429
Shareholders’ equity			409,852				394,603				424,235				435,064				366,659
Financial Ratios:
For the year:
Return on assets			1.42	%			1.93	%			2.01	%			2.09	%			2.06	%
Return on equity			14.77	%			22.11	%			23.38	%			25.70	%			28.23	%
Net interest margin **			5.13	%			4.40	%			4.57	%			4.82	%			5.14	%
Net loan losses to average loans			0.44	%			0.14	%			0.04	%			0.03	%			0.11	%
Efficiency ratio ***			51.88	%			41.46	%			39.12	%			38.52	%			39.79	%
At December 31:
Equity to assets			10.16	%			8.66	%			8.90	%			8.44	%			7.73	%
Total capital to risk-adjusted assets			11.76	%			10.64	%			11.09	%			10.40	%			12.46	%
Allowance for loan losses to loans			1.87	%			2.10	%			2.19	%			2.09	%			2.35	%

The above financial summary has been derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements. This information should be read in conjunction with those statements, notes and the other information included elsewhere herein.

*		Adjusted to adopt Financial Accounting Standard 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment.” See Note 8.
**		Yields on securities and certain loans have been adjusted upward to a “fully taxable equivalent” (“FTE”) basis in order to reflect the effect of income which is exempt from federal income taxation at the current statutory tax rate.
***		The efficiency ratio is defined as noninterest expense divided by total revenue (net interest income on a tax-equivalent basis and noninterest income).

ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion addresses information pertaining to the financial condition and results of operations of Westamerica Bancorporation and Subsidiaries (the “Company”) that may not be otherwise apparent from a review of the consolidated financial statements and related footnotes. It should be read in conjunction with those statements and notes found on pages 51 through 83, as well as with the other information presented throughout the Report.

Critical Accounting Policies

The Company’s consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and follow general practices within the banking industry. Application of these principles requires management to make certain estimates, assumptions, and judgments that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates, assumptions, and judgments are based on information available as of the date of the financial statements; accordingly, as this information changes, the financial statements could reflect different estimates, assumptions, and judgments. Certain policies inherently have a greater reliance on the use of estimates, assumptions and judgments and as such have a greater possibility of producing results that could be materially different than originally reported. Estimates, assumptions and judgments are necessary when assets and liabilities are required to be recorded at fair value, when a decline in the value of an asset not carried on the financial statements at fair value warrants an impairment writedown or valuation reserve to be established, or when an asset or liability needs to be recorded contingent upon a future event. Carrying assets and liabilities at fair value inherently results in more financial statement volatility. The fair values and the information used to record valuation adjustments for certain assets and liabilities are based either on quoted market prices or are provided by other third-party sources, when available. When third-party information is not available, valuation adjustments are estimated in good faith by management.

The most significant accounting policies followed by the Company are presented in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements. These policies, along with the disclosures presented in the other financial statement notes and in this discussion, provide information on how significant assets and liabilities are valued in the financial statements and how those values are determined. Based on the valuation techniques used and the sensitivity of financial statement amounts to the methods, assumptions, and estimates underlying those amounts, management has identified the Allowance for Loan Losses accounting to be the accounting areas that require the most subjective or complex judgments, and as such could be most subject to revision as new information becomes available.

The Allowance for Loan Losses represents management’s estimate of the amount of loss in the loan portfolio that can be reasonably estimated as of the balance sheet date. Determining the amount of the Allowance for Loan Losses is considered a critical accounting estimate because it requires significant judgment and the use of estimates related to the amount and timing of expected future cash flows on impaired loans, estimated losses on pools of homogeneous loans based on historical loss experience, and interpretation of current economic trends, uncertainties and conditions, all of which may be susceptible to significant change. A discussion of the factors driving changes in the amount of the Allowance for Loan losses is included in the “Credit Quality” discussion below.

Acquisition

On February 6, 2009, the Bank entered a Purchase and Assumption Agreement (the “Agreement”) with the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation) as Receiver (“Receiver”) of County Bank (“County”). At February 6, 2009, County’s accounting records reflected total assets to be purchased by the Bank of approximately $1.6 billion, total loans to be purchased by the Bank of approximately $1.3 billion, and total deposits to be assumed by the Bank of approximately $1.2 billion. Under the terms of the Agreement, the Bank purchased substantially all assets of County, including loans, investment securities and other assets, excluding premises, equipment and company owned life insurance. The Bank has a short-term option to purchase certain premises and equipment from the Receiver. Under the terms of the Agreement, the Bank also assumed all the deposits, secured liabilities, and certain other liabilities of County. The Agreement also provided a loss sharing arrangement over certain assets, primarily loans and loan collateral received in satisfaction of loans receivable. Losses on covered assets up to $269 million are shared 80% by the Receiver and 20% by the Bank. Losses on covered assets exceeding $269 million are shared 95% by the Receiver and 5% by the Bank. The loss sharing agreement has a term of three years for all loans other than residential loans which have a term of ten years. The agreement covers only the assets and liabilities of County Bank. Assets, liabilities and trust preferred debt of County Bank’s former parent company Capital Corp of the West have not been purchased or assumed by Westamerica Bank or the Company.

The Company will apply the mark-to-market provisions of FAS 141R to account for the purchase of assets and assumption of liabilities, including recognition of a core deposit intangible asset. Accounting rules also require recognition of the FDIC’s estimated loss assistance with respect to the loans and other real estate owned.

Net Income

The Company reported net income for 2008 of $59.8 million or $2.04 diluted earnings per share, compared with $89.8 million or $2.98 diluted earnings per share for 2007. The 2008 results included a $62.7 million charge for securities losses and “other than temporary impairment” securities losses in the value of FHLMC and FNMA preferred stock and other common stock. At December 31, 2008, the recorded value of FHLMC and FNMA stock was $822 thousand. Additionally, results for 2008 included a $5.7 million gain on the sale of VISA common stock from Visa’s initial public offering (“IPO”), $2.3 million in reduced expenses as known litigation contingencies were satisfied as a part of the VISA IPO, and approximately $1.0 million reduction in the tax provision primarily due to adjusting the estimated tax provision to actual amounts on the filed 2007 federal tax return. The securities gains and losses, satisfaction of litigation contingencies, and tax provision adjustment combined to reduce 2008 net income by $30.7 million or diluted earnings per share by $1.05. The 2007 results included a $2.3 million litigation expense for the Bank’s proportionate share of Visa’s litigation exposure for which Visa’s members are responsible. The 2007 period also included $822 thousand in company-owned life insurance proceeds and a $700 thousand income tax refund, derived from an amended 2003 tax return, which reduced income tax expense. The expense for Visa litigation, insurance proceeds and the income tax refund combined to increase 2007 net income by $232 thousand.

Components of Net Income

Year ended December 31,
($ in thousands except per share amounts)		2008				2007				2006
Net interest and fee income *		$	196,257			$	185,348			$	204,703
Provision for loan losses			(2,700	)			(700	)			(445	)
Noninterest income			(2,056	)			59,278				55,347
Noninterest expense			(100,761	)			(101,428	)			(101,724	)
Income before income taxes *			90,740				142,498				157,881
Taxes *			(30,905	)			(52,722	)			(59,075	)
Net income		$	59,835			$	89,776			$	98,806
Net income per average fully-diluted share		$	2.04			$	2.98			$	3.11
Net income as a percentage of average shareholders’ equity			14.77	%			22.11	%			23.38	%
Net income as a percentage of average total assets			1.42	%			1.93	%			2.01	%

*		Fully taxable equivalent (FTE)

Comparing 2008 to the prior year, net income decreased $29.9 million, due to securities losses and “other than temporary impairment” charges on FHLMC and FNMA preferred stock and other common stock and a higher loan loss provision, partially offset by higher net interest income (FTE), a gain on sale of VISA common stock and lower tax provision (FTE). The higher net interest income (FTE) was mainly caused by lower funding costs, partially offset by a lower volume of average interest-earning assets and lower yields on loans. The provision for loan losses increased $2.0 million to reflect Management’s assessment of increased credit risk and the appropriate level of the allowance for loan losses. Noninterest income in 2008 was a loss of $2.1 million compared with $59.3 million in 2007 mainly due to the losses and impairment charges on FHLMC and FNMA preferred stock and other common stock, $822 thousand gain from life insurance proceeds in 2007 and a $950 thousand decrease in fees on the issuance of official checks, partially offset by the $5.7 million gain on sale of VISA common stock. Noninterest expense decreased $667 thousand or 0.7%, primarily the net result of the reversal of a $2.3 million accrual for known Visa related litigation and lower amortization of identifiable intangible assets, partially offset by higher data processing and personnel costs and legal fees. The income tax provision (FTE) decreased $21.8 million largely due to lower pretax income and the $1 million tax adjustment for the filed 2007 federal income tax return.

Net income for 2007 decreased $9.0 million, or 9.1%, compared to net income for 2006 primarily due to lower net interest income (FTE) and an increased provision for credit losses, partially offset by higher noninterest income, lower noninterest expense and a lower tax provision. The lower net interest income (FTE) was mainly caused by a lower volume of average interest-earning assets and higher funding costs, partially offset by higher yields on earning assets. The provision for loan losses increased $255 thousand to reflect Management’s assessment of credit risk for the loan portfolio. Noninterest income increased $3.9 million or 7.1% largely due to higher service charges on deposits, merchant credit card processing fees, debit card income and company-owned life insurance proceeds. Noninterest expense declined $296 thousand or 0.3% primarily due to lower personnel costs and

intangible asset amortization, decreases in equipment costs, professional fees, a reduction in the reserve for unfunded commitments, partially offset by the $2.3 million Visa litigation charge and an increase in data processing costs. The tax provision (FTE) decreased $6.4 million primarily due to lower pretax income and a $700 thousand refund from an amended tax return.

The Company’s return on average total assets was 1.42% in 2008, compared to 1.93% and 2.01% in 2007 and 2006, respectively. Return on average equity in 2008 was 14.77%, compared to 22.11% and 23.38% in 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Net Interest Income

The Company’s primary source of revenue is net interest income, or the difference between interest income earned on loans and investment securities and interest expense on interest-bearing deposits and other borrowings. Net interest income (FTE) in 2008 increased $10.9 million or 5.9% from 2007, to $196.3 million. Comparing 2007 to 2006, net interest income (FTE) declined $19.4 million or 9.5%.

Components of Net Interest Income

Year ended December 31,
(in thousands)		2008				2007				2006
Interest and fee income		$	208,469			$	235,872			$	246,515
Interest expense			(33,243	)			(72,555	)			(65,268	)
FTE adjustment			21,031				22,031				23,456
Net interest income (FTE)		$	196,257			$	185,348			$	204,703
Net interest margin (FTE)			5.13	%			4.40	%			4.57	%

The Company’s net interest margin expanded in 2008 compared with 2007. The Federal Reserve’s Open Market Committee (FOMC) reduced the target federal funds rate from 5.25% in August 2007 to between zero and 0.25% in December 2008 in ten increments. As a result, short-term interest rates declined and the Company managed to reduce the interest rates paid on deposits and other interest-bearing liabilities during 2008 compared with 2007. In 2008, the Company’s loan and investment yields were less sensitive to changes in interest rates resulting in a lesser reduction in such yields compared with the rates paid on deposits and other funding sources. Offsetting some of the benefit of the expanding margin was the reduction in the level of average interest-earning assets and lower yields on loans resulting in a reduction of interest and fee income (FTE) of $28.4 million or 11.0% in 2008 relative to 2007.

Comparing 2008 with 2007, average earning assets decreased $390.8 million or 9.3% in 2008 compared with 2007, due to a $311.6 million decline in the investment portfolio and a $79.2 million decrease in the loan portfolio. Lower average investment balances were largely attributable to U.S. government sponsored entity obligations (down $138 million), mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations (down $105 million), municipal securities (down $41 million) and corporate and other securities (down $30 million). The average balance of corporate and other securities declined largely due to sales and impairment of FHLMC and FNMA preferred stock. The loan portfolio decline was primarily due to decreases in the average balances of commercial real estate loans (down $44 million), residential real estate loans (down $25 million), tax-exempt commercial loans (down $17 million), partly offset by an $8 million increase in the average balance of consumer loans, primarily automobile loans.

The average yield on the Company’s earning assets decreased from 6.12% in 2007 to 6.00% in 2008. The composite yield on loans fell 35 basis points (“bp”) to 6.30% due to decreases in yields on taxable commercial loans (down 155 bp), real estate construction loans (down 332 bp), consumer loans (down 21 bp) and commercial real estate loans (down 9 bp), partially offset by higher yields on tax-exempt commercial loans (up 10 bp) and residential real estate loans (up 10 bp). Real estate construction loans and commercial lines of credit have variable interest rates based on the prime lending rate. The prime lending rate averaged 8.11% in 2007 compared to 5.70% in 2008, reducing the yields earned on real estate construction loans and commercial lines of credit. The investment portfolio yield increased 14 bp to 5.48%, mainly due to higher yields on U.S. Government sponsored entity obligations (up 9 bp), mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations (up 6 bp) and municipal securities (up 5 bp), partially offset by corporate and other securities (down 105 bp). Other securities yields declined mostly due to reduced dividends on FHLMC preferred stock. As investment portfolio balances have declined over the past year, municipal security balances have declined at a slower rate than the remainder of the investment portfolio. As a result, average municipal securities represented 52% of total average investment security balances during 2008, compared with 45% during 2007. This migration in the composition of the investment portfolio has improved the overall yield of the investment portfolio since municipal security yields exceed the yield of the overall investment portfolio.

In Management’s opinion, current economic conditions are not conducive for generating profitable loan growth. Recent downward pressure on real estate values create a cautious view toward real estate lending, and economic pressure on consumers has reduced demand for automobile and other consumer loans. Additionally, yields available on the highest quality investment securities do not offer an adequate profit margin over the cost of funding. As a result, the Company has not taken an aggressive posture relative to current loan and investment portfolio growth.

Net interest income in 2008 included $2.1 million in dividends on FNMA and FHLMC preferred stock, however, there will be no dividend income from such preferred stock in 2009. Seventy percent of such dividends are excludable from taxable income for federal income tax purposes.

Interest expense in 2008 decreased $39.3 million or 54.2% compared with 2007. The decrease was attributable to lower rates paid on the interest-bearing liabilities and lower average balances of those liabilities. The average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities decreased from 2.50% in 2007 to 1.29% in 2008. Rates paid on most interest-bearing liabilities moved with general market conditions. Rates on deposits decreased 72 bp to 1.07% primarily due to decreases in rates paid on CDs over $100 thousand (down 239 bp), preferred money market savings (down 121 bp) and retail CDs (down 62 bp). Rates on short-term borrowings also decreased 246 bp mostly due to lower rates on federal funds purchased (down 296 bp) and line of credit and repurchase facilities (down 189 bp). Interest-bearing liabilities declined $337.4 million or 11.6% in 2008 over 2007. Short-term borrowings declined $210 million primarily due to a $185 million decrease in federal funds purchased. Most categories of deposits declined including money market savings (down $68 million), money market checking accounts (down $28 million), regular savings (down $18 million), Retail CDs (down $16 million) and CDs over $100 thousand (down $14 million). The decline was partially offset by a $20 million increase in preferred money market savings.

Interest and fee income (FTE) decreased in 2007 by $12.1 million or 4.5% from 2006, the net result of a lower volume of average earning assets, partially mitigated by higher yields on earning assets. Average earning assets declined by $264 million. Management allowed the investment portfolio to liquidate in 2007 as, in Management’s opinion, rates available on high quality securities did not provide yields adequate to support long-term profitability. Average investment security balances decreased $198 million due to declines in the average balances of mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations (down $125 million), municipal securities (down $34 million), U.S. government sponsored entity obligations (down $22 million) and other securities (down $17 million). The decline in loans is due to heightened competition with reduced yields and liberalized underwriting standards. Management maintained more conservative underwriting standards and higher pricing relative to competitors, which limited loan origination volumes. The loan portfolio declined $65 million mainly due to decreases in the average volumes of commercial loans (down $51 million), commercial real estate loans (down $37 million), residential real estate loans (down $17 million) and consumer credit lines (down $10 million), offset in part by a $45 million increase in indirect automobile loans. Management grew indirect automobile loan volumes as rates on loan originations exceeded the average existing portfolio rates, causing the yield to increase on such loans.

The average yield on the Company’s earning assets increased from 6.03% in 2006 to 6.12% in 2007. The composite yield on loans rose 5 bp to 6.65% due to increases in rates earned on indirect auto and other consumer loans (up 30 bp), residential real estate loans (up 11 bp) and construction loans (up 36 bp), partially offset by decreases in yields on taxable commercial loans (down 4 bp) and tax-exempt commercial loans (down 5 bp). The investment portfolio yield increased 8 bp to 5.34%, mainly caused by increases in the yield on US. Government sponsored entity obligations (up 16 bp) and mortgage backed securities and collateralized mortgage obligations (up 4 bp) and corporate and other securities (up 33 bp), partially offset by a 5 bp decline in municipal securities. The decline in the yield on municipal securities was attributable to yields on maturities, calls and serial payments exceeding yields on securities remaining in the portfolio.

Interest expense in 2007 increased $7.3 million or 11.2% compared 2006. The increase was attributable to higher rates paid on the interest- bearing liabilities, partially offset by lower average balances of interest-bearing deposits. Competition for deposits was heightened in 2007 due to loan growth exceeding deposit growth in the banking industry. The level of short-term interest rates also supported consumer demand for interest-bearing deposit products. Due to both of these general conditions, interest rates rose on deposits and banks competed fiercely for deposit balances. The average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities increased from 2.11% in 2006 to 2.50% in 2007. Rates on deposits increased 34 bp to 1.79% primarily due to increases in rates paid on preferred money market savings (up 169 bp), non-public CDs over $100 thousand (up 67 bp) and CDs less than $100 thousand (up 58 bp). Rates on short-term borrowings also increased 27 bp mostly due to higher rates on federal funds (up 11 bp) and line of credit and repurchase facilities (up 59 bp). Interest-bearing liabilities declined $186 million in 2007 compared with 2006. Interest- bearing deposits decreased $210 million primarily due to decreases in money market savings (down $132 million), regular savings (down $45 million), money market checking accounts (down $49 million), non-public CDs over $100 thousand (down $29 million). The decline was partially offset by increases in preferred money market savings (up $47 million) and public CDs (up $27 million).

The following tables present information regarding the consolidated average assets, liabilities and shareholders’ equity, the amounts of interest income earned from average earning assets and the resulting yields, and the amount of interest expense paid on average interest-bearing liabilities and the resulting rates paid. Average loan balances include nonperforming loans. Interest income includes proceeds from loans on nonaccrual status only to the extent cash payments have been received and applied as interest income. Yields on securities and certain loans have been adjusted upward to reflect the effect of income exempt from federal income taxation at the current statutory tax rate.

Distribution of Assets, Liabilities & Shareholders’ Equity and Yields, Rates & Interest Margin

		Year Ended December 31, 2008
						Interest				Rates
		Average				Income/				Earned/
(dollars in thousands)		Balance				Expense				Paid
Assets
Money market assets and funds sold		$	817			$	3				0.37	%
Investment securities:
Available for sale
Taxable			205,138				8,854				4.32	%
Tax-exempt (1)			196,993				13,795				7.00	%
Held to maturity
Taxable			436,041				19,237				4.41	%
Tax-exempt (1)			551,120				34,328				6.23	%
Loans:
Commercial
Taxable			318,075				22,341				7.02	%
Tax-exempt (1)			208,155				13,575				6.52	%
Commercial real estate			835,925				58,913				7.05	%
Real estate construction			76,086				4,863				6.39	%
Real estate residential			468,140				22,683				4.85	%
Consumer			526,175				30,908				5.87	%
Total Loans (1)			2,432,556				153,283				6.30	%
Earning assets (1)			3,822,665				229,500				6.00	%
Other assets			397,098
Total assets		$	4,219,763
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing demand		$	1,181,679				––				––
Savings and interest-bearing transaction			1,301,556				5,642				0.43	%
Time less than $100,000			193,889				5,209				2.69	%
Time $100,000 or more			489,326				10,331				2.11	%
Total interest-bearing deposits			1,984,771				21,182				1.07	%
Short-term borrowed funds			549,438				9,958				1.81	%
Debt financing and notes payable			33,807				2,103				6.22	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities			2,568,016				33,243				1.29	%
Other liabilities			64,992
Shareholders’ equity			405,076
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity		$	4,219,763
Net interest spread (2)											4.71	%
Net interest income and interest margin (1)(3)						$	196,257				5.13	%

(1)		Amounts calculated on a fully taxable equivalent basis using the current statutory federal tax rate.
(2)		Net interest spread represents the average yield earned on interest-earning assets less the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities.
(3)		Net interest margin is computed by dividing net interest income by total average earning assets.

Distribution of Assets, Liabilities & Shareholders’ Equity and Yields, Rates & Interest Margin

		Year Ended December 31, 2007
						Interest				Rates
		Average				Income/				Earned/
(dollars in thousands)		Balance				Expense				Paid
Assets
Money market assets and funds sold		$	671			$	7				1.04	%
Investment securities:
Available for sale
Taxable			361,851				15,639				4.32	%
Tax-exempt (1)			232,047				16,888				7.28	%
Held to maturity
Taxable			538,089				23,361				4.34	%
Tax-exempt (1)			569,090				34,973				6.15	%
Loans:
Commercial
Taxable			314,428				26,936				8.57	%
Tax-exempt (1)			225,320				14,469				6.42	%
Commercial real estate			879,952				62,833				7.14	%
Real estate construction			81,093				7,878				9.71	%
Real estate residential			493,126				23,422				4.75	%
Consumer			517,844				31,497				6.08	%
Total Loans (1)			2,511,763				167,035				6.65	%
Earning assets (1)			4,213,511				257,903				6.12	%
Other assets			427,949
Total assets		$	4,641,460
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing demand		$	1,262,723				––				––
Savings and interest-bearing transaction			1,395,622				8,237				0.59	%
Time less than $100,000			210,039				6,956				3.31	%
Time $100,000 or more			503,469				22,656				4.50	%
Total interest-bearing deposits			2,109,130				37,849				1.79	%
Short-term borrowed funds			759,390				32,393				4.27	%
Debt financing and notes payable			36,850				2,313				6.28	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities			2,905,370				72,555				2.50	%
Other liabilities			67,339
Shareholders’ equity			406,028
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity		$	4,641,460
Net interest spread (2)											3.62	%
Net interest income and interest margin (1)(3)						$	185,348				4.40	%

(1)		Amounts calculated on a fully taxable equivalent basis using the current statutory federal tax rate.
(2)		Net interest spread represents the average yield earned on interest-earning assets less the average rate paid on interest-bearing liabilities.
(3)		Net interest margin is computed by dividing net interest income by total average earning assets.

Distribution of Assets, Liabilities & Shareholders’ Equity and Yields, Rates & Interest Margin

		Year Ended December 31, 2006
						Interest				Rates
		Average				Income/				Earned/
(dollars in thousands)		Balance				Expense				Paid
Assets
Money market assets and funds sold		$	853			$	5				0.59	%
Investment securities:
Available for sale
Taxable			394,070				16,844				4.27	%
Tax-exempt (1)			251,783				18,312				7.27	%
Held to maturity
Taxable			671,475				28,809				4.29	%
Tax-exempt (1)			582,075				35,987				6.18	%
Loans:
Commercial
Taxable			347,163				29,407				8.47	%
Tax-exempt (1)			243,232				15,729				6.47	%
Commercial real estate			916,677				66,163				7.22	%
Real estate construction			75,019				7,017				9.35	%
Real estate residential			510,345				23,690				4.64	%
Consumer			484,355				28,008				5.78	%
Total Loans (1)			2,576,791				170,014				6.60	%
Earning assets (1)			4,477,047				269,971				6.03	%
Other assets			433,624
Total assets		$	4,910,671
Liabilities and shareholders’ equity
Deposits:
Noninterest bearing demand		$	1,329,107				—				—
Savings and interest-bearing transaction			1,574,655				5,969				0.38	%
Time less than $100,000			239,361				6,535				2.73	%
Time $100,000 or more			504,980				21,043				4.17	%
Total interest-bearing deposits			2,318,996				33,547				1.45	%
Short-term borrowed funds			734,970				29,389				4.00	%
Debt financing and notes payable			37,265				2,332				6.26	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities			3,091,231				65,268				2.11	%
Other liabilities			67,792
Shareholders’ equity			422,541
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity		$	4,910,671
Net interest spread (2)											3.92	%
Net interest income and interest margin (1)(3)						$	204,703				4.57	%

The following tables set forth a summary of the changes in interest income and interest expense due to changes in average assets and liability balances (volume) and changes in average interest rates for the periods indicated. Changes not solely attributable to volume or rates have been allocated in proportion to the respective volume and rate components.

Summary of Changes in Interest Income and Expense

Years Ended December 31,		2008 Compared with 2007
(dollars in thousands)		Volume				Rate				Total
Increase (decrease) in interest and fee income:
Money market assets and funds sold		$	1				($5	)			($4	)
Investment securities:
Available for sale Taxable			(6,764	)			(21	)			(6,785	)
Tax- exempt (1)			(2,466	)			(627	)			(3,093	)
Held to maturity Taxable			(4,492	)			368				(4,124	)
Tax- exempt (1)			(1,088	)			443				(645	)
Loans:
Commercial:
Taxable			365				(4,960	)			(4,595	)
Tax- exempt (1)			(1,110	)			216				(894	)
Commercial real estate			(3,079	)			(841	)			(3,920	)
Real estate construction			(449	)			(2,566	)			(3,015	)
Real estate residential			(1,187	)			448				(739	)
Consumer			555				(1,144	)			(589	)
Total loans (1)			(4,905	)			(8,847	)			(13,752	)
Total decrease in interest and fee income (1)			(19,714	)			(8,689	)			(28,403	)
Decrease in interest expense:
Deposits:
Savings/ interest-bearing			(512	)			(2,083	)			(2,595	)
Time less than $100,000			(495	)			(1,252	)			(1,747	)
Time $100,000 or more			(592	)			(11,733	)			(12,325	)
Total interest-bearing			(1,599	)			(15,068	)			(16,667	)
Short-term borrowed funds			(7,262	)			(15,173	)			(22,435	)
Notes and mortgages payable			(189	)			(21	)			(210	)
Total decrease in interest expense			(9,050	)			(30,262	)			(39,312	)
(Increase) decrease in net interest income (1)			($10,664	)		$	21,573			$	10,909

(1)

Amounts calculated on a fully taxable equivalent basis using the current statutory federal tax rate.

Summary of Changes in Interest Income and Expense

Years Ended December 31,		2007 Compared with 2006
(dollars in thousands)		Volume				Rate				Total
Increase (decrease) in interest and fee income:
Money market assets and funds sold			($1	)		$	3			$	2
Investment securities:
Available for sale Taxable			(1,391	)			186				(1,205	)
Tax- exempt (1)			(1,436	)			12				(1,424	)
Held to maturity Taxable			(5,787	)			339				(5,448	)
Tax- exempt (1)			(799	)			(215	)			(1,014	)
Loans:
Commercial:
Taxable			(2,801	)			330				(2,471	)
Tax- exempt (1)			(1,151	)			(109	)			(1,260	)
Commercial real estate			(2,628	)			(702	)			(3,330	)
Real estate construction			583				278				861
Real estate residential			(810	)			542				(268	)
Consumer			1,994				1,495				3,489
Total loans (1)			(4,813	)			1,834				(2,979	)
Total (decrease) increase in interest and fee income (1)			(14,227	)			2,159				(12,068	)
Increase (decrease) in interest expense:
Deposits:
Savings/ interest-bearing			(743	)			3,011				2,268
Time less than $100,000			(863	)			1,284				421
Time $100,000 or more			(63	)			1,676				1,613
Total interest-bearing			(1,669	)			5,971				4,302
Short-term borrowed funds			998				2,006				3,004
Notes and mortgages payable			(26	)			7				(19	)
Total (decrease) increase in interest expense			(697	)			7,984				7,287
Decrease in net interest income (1)			($13,530	)			($5,825	)			($19,355	)

(1)

Amounts calculated on a fully taxable equivalent basis using the current statutory federal tax rate.

Provision for Loan Losses

The Company manages credit costs by consistently enforcing conservative underwriting and administration procedures and aggressively pursuing collection efforts with troubled debtors. In 2008, the provision for loan losses was $2.7 million, compared to $700 thousand for 2007, and $445 thousand for 2006. The provision reflects management’s assessment of credit risk in the loan portfolio for each of the periods presented. For further information regarding net loan losses and the allowance for credit losses, see the “Credit Quality” and “Allowance for Credit Losses” sections of this report.

Investment Portfolio

The Company maintains a securities portfolio consisting of securities issued by U.S. Government sponsored entities, state and political subdivisions, and asset-backed and other securities. Investment securities are held in safekeeping by an independent custodian.

Securities assigned to the held to maturity portfolio earn a prudent yield, provide liquidity from maturities and paydowns, and provide collateral to pledge for federal, state and local government deposits and other borrowing facilities. The held to maturity investment portfolio had a duration of 3.2 years at December 31, 2008 and, on the same date, those investments included $921.0 million in fixed-rate and $28.3 million in adjustable-rate securities. If Management determines depreciation in any held to maturity security is “other than temporary,” a securities loss will be recognized as a charge to earnings.

Investment securities assigned to the available for sale portfolio are generally used to supplement the Company’s liquidity, provide a prudent yield, and provide collateral for public deposits and other borrowing facilities. Unrealized net gains and losses on available for sale securities are recorded as an adjustment to equity, net of taxes, but are not reflected in the current earnings of the Company. If Management determines depreciation in any available for sale security is “other than temporary,” a securities loss will be recognized as a charge to earnings. If a security is sold, any gain or loss is recorded as a credit or charge to earnings and the equity adjustment is reversed. At December 31, 2008, the Company held $288.5 million in securities classified as investments available for sale with a duration of 2.3 years. At December 31, 2008, an unrealized gain of $1.4 million, net of taxes of $1 million, related to these securities, was included in shareholders’ equity.

The Company had no trading securities at December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006.

For more information on investment securities, see the notes accompanying the consolidated financial statements.

The following table shows the fair value carrying amount of the Company’s investment securities available for sale as of the dates indicated:

Available for Sale Portfolio

At December 31,
(dollars in thousands)		2008				2007				2006
U.S. Treasury securities		$	3,082			$	—			$	—
U.S. Government sponsored entities			11,077				123,062				151,147
Mortgage backed securities			41,240				68,393				45,145
States and political subdivisions			161,046				183,307				207,580
Collateralized mortgage obligations			59,851				90,986				127,971
Asset-backed securities			6,447				9,700				10,273
FHLMC and FNMA stock			821				49,671				65,948
Other			4,890				7,702				7,461
Total		$	288,454			$	532,821			$	615,525

The following table sets forth the relative maturities and contractual yields of the Company’s available for sale securities (stated at fair value) at December 31, 2008. Yields on state and political subdivision securities have been calculated on a fully taxable equivalent basis using the current federal statutory rate.

Available for Sale Maturity Distribution

						After one				After five
At December 31, 2008,		Within				but within				but within				After ten				Mortgage-
(Dollars in thousands)		one year				five years				ten years				years				backed				Other				Total
U.S. Treasury securities		$	3,082			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	3,082
Interest rate			2.77	%			—	%			—	%			—	%			—	%			—	%			2.77	%
U.S. Government sponsored entities			9,987				—				1,090				—				—				—				11,077
Interest rate			6.04	%			—				5.59	%			—				—				—				6.00	%
States and political subdivisions			4,459				71,664				74,341				10,582				—				—				161,046
Interest rate (FTE)			7.28	%			7.21	%			7.16	%			5.99	%			—				—				7.16	%
Asset-backed securities			—				—				—				6,447				—				—				6,447
Interest rate			—				—				—				2.25	%			—				—				2.25	%
Subtotal			17,528				71,664				75,431				17,029				—				—				181,652
Interest rate			5.79	%			7.21	%			7.14	%			4.20	%			—				—				6.74	%
Mortgage backed securities			—				—				—				—				101,091				—				101,091
Interest rate			—				—				—				—				4.29	%			—				4.29	%
Other without set maturities			—				—				—				—				—				5,711				5,711
Interest rate			—				—				—				—				—				4.79	%			4.79	%
Total		$	17,528			$	71,664			$	75,431			$	17,029			$	101,091			$	5,711			$	288,454
Interest rate			5.79	%			7.21	%			7.14	%			4.20	%			4.29	%			4.79	%			5.83	%

     The following table shows the carrying amount (amortized cost) and fair value of the Company’s investment securities held to maturity as of the dates indicated:

Held to Maturity Portfolio

At December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)		2008				2007				2006
U.S. Government sponsored entities		$	110,000			$	130,000			$	160,000
Mortgage backed securities			85,676				107,162				131,137
States and political subdivisions			545,237				566,351				579,747
Collateralized mortgage obligations			208,412				241,775				294,208
Total		$	949,325			$	1,045,288			$	1,165,092
Fair value		$	950,210			$	1,049,442			$	1,155,736

The following table sets forth the relative maturities and contractual yields of the Company’s held to maturity securities at December 31, 2008. Yields on state and political subdivision securities have been calculated on a fully taxable equivalent basis using the current federal statutory rate.

Held to Maturity Maturity Distribution

						After one				After five
At December 31, 2008,		Within				but within				but within				After ten				Mortgage-
(Dollars in thousands)		One year				five years				ten years				years				backed				Total
U.S. Government sponsored entities		$	110,000			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	—			$	110,000
Interest rate			4.03	%			—	%			—	%			—	%			—	%			4.03	%
States and political subdivisions			5,593				39,972				396,275				103,396				—				545,236
Interest rate (FTE)			6.65	%			6.49	%			6.09	%			6.25	%			—				6.17	%
—
Subtotal			115,593				39,972				396,275				103,396				—				655,236
Interest rate			4.16	%			6.49	%			6.09	%			6.25	%			—				5.81	%
Mortgage backed			—				—				—				—				294,089				294,089
Interest rate			—				—				—				—				4.61	%			4.61	%
Total		$	115,593			$	39,972			$	396,275			$	103,396			$	294,089			$	949,325
Interest rate			4.16	%			6.49	%			6.09	%			6.25	%			4.61	%			5.44	%

Loan Portfolio

The following table shows the composition of the loan portfolio of the Company by type of loan and type of borrower, on the dates indicated:

Loan Portfolio Distribution

At December 31,
(dollars in thousands)		2008				2007				2006				2005				2004
Commercial and commercial real estate		$	1,342,209			$	1,389,231			$	1,463,823			$	1,594,925			$	1,388,639
Real estate construction			52,664				97,464				70,650				72,095				29,724
Real estate residential			458,447				484,549				507,553				508,174				375,532
Consumer			529,106				531,732				489,708				497,027				506,335
Total loans		$	2,382,426			$	2,502,976			$	2,531,734			$	2,672,221			$	2,300,230