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Whitestone REIT - Annual Report: 2017 (Form 10-K)



UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
____________________________________

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)
x     ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017
OR
o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from ____________ to ____________
Commission File Number: 001-34855
______________________________

WHITESTONE REIT

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Maryland
 
76-0594970
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or
 
(I.R.S. Employer
Organization)
 
Identification No.)
 
 
 
2600 South Gessner, Suite 500, Houston, Texas
 
77063
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
 
(Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (713) 827-9595
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
 
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares of Beneficial Interest, par value $0.001 per share
 
New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§229.405 of this chapter) is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. x
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer o        Accelerated filer x        Non-accelerated filer o        Smaller reporting company o
Emerging growth company o
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No x
The aggregate market value of the common shares held by nonaffiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2017 (the last business day of the registrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter) was $465,386,087.
As of March 1, 2018, the registrant had 39,223,591 common shares of beneficial interest, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE: We incorporate by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K portions of our definitive proxy statement for our 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which proxy statement will be filed no later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2017.





WHITESTONE REIT
FORM 10-K
Year Ended December 31, 2017


 
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Table of Contents

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” are to Whitestone REIT and its consolidated subsidiaries.


Forward-Looking Statements

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. 

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, including discussion and analysis of our financial condition, anticipated capital expenditures required to complete projects, amounts of anticipated cash distributions to our shareholders in the future and other matters. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts but are the intent, belief or current expectations of our management based on its knowledge and understanding of our business and industry. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by the use of terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “potential,” “predicts,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates” or the negative of such terms and variations of these words and similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements include these words. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control, are difficult to predict and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements.
 
Forward-looking statements that were true at the time made may ultimately prove to be incorrect or false. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which reflect our management’s view only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We undertake no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or changes to future operating results. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K include:
 
the imposition of federal taxes if we fail to qualify as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) in any taxable year or forego an opportunity to ensure REIT status;
 
uncertainties related to the national economy, the real estate industry in general and in our specific markets;
 
legislative or regulatory changes, including changes to laws governing REITs and the impact of the Tax Reform Legislation (as defined below);
 
adverse economic or real estate developments or conditions in Texas, Arizona or Illinois;
 
increases in interest rates, operating costs or general and administrative expenses, including those incurred in connection with the nomination of trustees by a shareholder;
 
availability and terms of capital and financing, both to fund our operations and to refinance our indebtedness as it matures;

decreases in rental rates or increases in vacancy rates;
 
litigation risks;
 
lease-up risks, including leasing risks arising from exclusivity and consent provisions in leases with significant tenants;
 
our inability to renew tenants or obtain new tenants upon the expiration of existing leases;
 
our inability to generate sufficient cash flows due to market conditions, competition, uninsured losses, changes in tax or other applicable laws; and
 
the need to fund tenant improvements or other capital expenditures out of operating cash flow.
 
The forward-looking statements should be read in light of these factors and the factors identified in the “Risk Factors” section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.



Table of Contents

PART I
 
Item 1.  Business.
 
General
 
We are a Maryland Real Estate Investment Trust (“REIT”) engaged in owning and operating commercial properties in culturally diverse markets in major metropolitan areas. Founded in 1998, we changed our state of organization from Texas to Maryland in December 2003.  We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).
 
We are internally managed and, as of December 31, 2017, we wholly-owned a real estate portfolio of 59 properties that meet our Community Centered Property® strategy containing approximately 5.0 million square feet of gross leasable area (“GLA”), located in Texas, Arizona and Illinois.  Further, as of December 31, 2017, we, through our majority interest in our consolidated subsidiary, Pillarstone Capital REIT Operating Partnership LP (“Pillarstone” or the “Consolidated Partnership”), owned a majority interest in 14 properties that do not meet our Community Centered Property® strategy containing approximately 1.5 million square feet of GLA (the “Pillarstone Properties”). Our consolidated property portfolio has a gross book value of approximately $1,149 million and book equity, including noncontrolling interests, of approximately $358 million as of December 31, 2017.

We own 81.4% of the Consolidated Partnership and fully consolidate it on our financial statements. We also manage the day-to-day operations of the Consolidated Partnership.
 
Our common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.001 per share, are traded on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the ticker symbol “WSR.”  Our offices are located at 2600 South Gessner, Suite 500, Houston, Texas 77063.  Our telephone number is (713) 827-9595 and we maintain a website at www.whitestonereit.com. The contents of our website are not incorporated into this filing.
 
Our Strategy
 
In October 2006, our current management team joined the Company and adopted a strategic plan to acquire, redevelop, own and operate Community Centered Properties®. We define Community Centered Properties® as visibly located properties in established or developing culturally diverse neighborhoods in our target markets. We market, lease and manage our centers to match tenants with the shared needs of the surrounding neighborhood. Those needs may include specialty retail, grocery, restaurants and medical, educational and financial services. Our goal is for each property to become a Whitestone-branded retail community that serves a neighboring five-mile radius around our property. We employ and develop a diverse group of associates who understand the needs of our multicultural communities and tenants.

Our primary business objective is to increase shareholder value by acquiring, owning and operating Community Centered Properties®. The key elements of our strategy include:
 
Strategically Acquiring Properties.

Seeking High Growth Markets. We seek to strategically acquire commercial properties in high-growth markets. Our acquisition targets are located in densely populated, culturally diverse neighborhoods, primarily in and around Austin, Chicago, Dallas-Fort Worth, Houston, Phoenix and San Antonio.

Diversifying Geographically. Our current portfolio is concentrated in Houston and Phoenix. We believe that continued geographic diversification in markets where we have substantial knowledge and experience will help offset the economic risk from a single market concentration. We intend to continue to focus our expansion efforts on the Austin, Chicago, Dallas-Fort Worth, Houston, Phoenix and San Antonio markets. We believe our management infrastructure and capacity can accommodate substantial growth in those markets. We may also pursue opportunities in other regions that are consistent with our Community Centered Property® strategy. Markets in which we have developed some knowledge and contacts include Orlando, Florida and Denver, Colorado, both of which have economic, demographic and cultural profiles similar to our Arizona and Texas markets.


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Capitalizing on Availability of Reasonably Priced Acquisition Opportunities. We believe that currently and during the next several years there will continue to be excellent opportunities in our target markets to acquire quality properties at historically attractive prices. We intend to acquire assets in off-market transactions negotiated directly with owners or financial institutions holding foreclosed real estate and debt instruments that are either in default or on bank watch lists. Many of these assets may benefit from our Community Centered Property® strategy and our management team’s experience in turning around distressed properties, portfolios and companies. We have extensive relationships with community banks, attorneys, title companies and others in the real estate industry with whom we regularly work to identify properties for potential acquisition.
 
Redeveloping and Re-tenanting Existing Properties. We have substantial experience in repositioning underperforming properties and seek to add value through renovating and re-tenanting our properties to create Whitestone-branded Community Centered Properties®. We seek to accomplish this by (1) stabilizing occupancy, with per property occupancy goals of 90% or higher; (2) adding leasable square footage to existing structures; (3) developing and building new leasable square footage on excess land; (4) upgrading and renovating existing structures; and (5) investing significant effort in recruiting tenants whose goods and services meet the needs of the surrounding neighborhood.
 
Recycling Capital for Greater Returns. We seek to continually upgrade our portfolio by opportunistically selling properties that do not have the potential to meet our Community Centered Property® strategy and redeploying the sale proceeds into properties that better fit our strategy. Some of our properties that we owned at the time our current management team assumed the management of the Company (the “Legacy Portfolio” or “Non-Core Properties”) may not fit our Community Centered Property® strategy, and we may look for opportunities to dispose of these properties as we continue to execute our strategy. For example, in December 2014, we sold three suburban office properties in Clear Lake, Texas that were part of the Legacy Portfolio, and, on December 31, 2016, we contributed to Pillarstone the 14 Pillarstone Properties located in Dallas and Houston that were part of the Legacy Portfolio.
 
Prudent Management of Capital Structure. We currently have 53 properties that are unencumbered. We may seek to add mortgage indebtedness to existing and newly acquired unencumbered properties to provide additional capital for acquisitions. As a general policy, we intend to maintain a ratio of total indebtedness to undepreciated book value of real estate assets that is at or less than 60%. As of December 31, 2017, our ratio of total indebtedness to undepreciated book value of real estate assets was 57%.
 
Investing in People. We believe that our people are the heart of our culture, philosophy and strategy. We continually focus on developing associates who are self-disciplined and motivated and display, at all times, a high degree of character and competence. We provide them with equity incentives to align their interests with those of our shareholders.
 
Our Structure
 
Substantially all of our business is conducted through Whitestone REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership organized in 1998 (the “Operating Partnership”).  We are the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership.  As of December 31, 2017, we owned a 97.3% interest in the Operating Partnership.

As of December 31, 2017, we wholly-owned a real estate portfolio consisting of 59 properties located in three states.  The aggregate occupancy rate of our wholly-owned portfolio was 90% based on GLA as of December 31, 2017. Additionally, we, through our majority interest in Pillarstone, owned a majority interest in 14 properties located in Dallas and Houston, Texas. The aggregate occupancy rate of the Pillarstone properties was 81% based on GLA as of December 31, 2017.

We are hands-on owners who directly manage the operations and leasing of our properties.  Substantially all of our revenues consist of base rents received under varying term leases.  For the year ended December 31, 2017, our total revenues were approximately $126.0 million.  
 
Our largest property, BLVD Place (“BLVD”), a retail community purchased on May 26, 2017 and located in Houston, Texas, accounted for 7.4% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2017. BLVD also accounted for 16.2% of our consolidated real estate assets, net of accumulated depreciation, as of the year ended December 31, 2017. Of our 59 wholly-owned properties, 17 and 27 are located in the Houston, Texas and Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan areas, respectively. Of our 14 properties in which we hold a majority interest, two are in Dallas, Texas and 12 are in Houston, Texas.
 

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Economic Environment

Low interest rates and desire for higher yielding investments with moderate risk has resulted in lower capitalization rates and higher prices for commercial real estate acquisitions. Each of these factors could negatively impact the value of public real estate companies, including ours.  However, the majority of our retail properties are located in densely populated metropolitan areas and are occupied by tenants that generally provide basic necessity-type items and services which have tended to be less affected by economic changes.  Furthermore, a substantial portion of our portfolio is in metropolitan areas in Texas that have been impacted less by the economic slowdown compared to other metropolitan areas.

Competition
 
All of our properties are located in areas that include competing properties.  The amount of competition in a particular area could impact our ability to acquire additional real estate, sell current real estate, lease space and the amount of rent we are able to charge.  We may be competing with owners, developers and operators, including, but not limited to, real estate investors, other REITs, insurance companies and pension funds.

Should we decide to dispose of a property, we may compete with third-party sellers of similar types of commercial properties for suitable purchasers, which may result in our receiving lower net proceeds from a sale or in our not being able to dispose of such property at a time of our choosing due to the lack of an acceptable return. In operating and managing our properties, we compete for tenants based upon a number of factors including, but not limited to, location, rental rates, security, flexibility, expertise to design space to meet prospective tenants' needs and the manner in which the property is operated, maintained and marketed. We may be required to provide rent concessions, incur charges for tenant improvements and other inducements, or we may not be able to timely lease vacant space, all of which could adversely impact our results of operations.

Many of our competitors have greater financial and other resources than us and also may have more operating experience. Generally, there are other neighborhood and community retail centers within relatively close proximity to each of our properties. There is, however, no dominant competitor in the Austin, Chicago, Dallas-Fort Worth, Houston, Phoenix and San Antonio metropolitan areas. Our retail tenants also face increasing competition from outlet malls, internet retailers, catalog companies, direct mail and telemarketing.
 
Compliance with Governmental Regulations
 
Under various federal and state environmental laws and regulations, as an owner or operator of real estate, we may be required to investigate and clean up certain hazardous or toxic substances, asbestos-containing materials, or petroleum product releases at our properties. We may also be held liable to a governmental entity or to third parties for property damage and for investigation and cleanup costs incurred by those parties in connection with any such contamination. In addition, some environmental laws create a lien on a contaminated site in favor of the government for damages and costs the government incurs in connection with contamination on the site. The presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination at any of our properties may adversely affect our ability to sell or lease the properties or to borrow using the properties as collateral. We could also be liable under common law to third parties for damages and injuries resulting from environmental contamination coming from our properties.

We will not purchase any property unless we are generally satisfied with the environmental status of the property. We typically obtain a Phase I environmental site assessment for each new acquisition, which includes a visual survey of the building and the property in an attempt to identify areas of potential environmental concerns, visually observing neighboring properties to assess surface conditions or activities that may have an adverse environmental impact on the property, and contacting local governmental agency personnel and performing a regulatory agency file search in an attempt to determine any known environmental concerns in the immediate vicinity of the property. A Phase I environmental site assessment does not include any sampling or testing of soil, groundwater or building materials from the property.
 
We believe that our properties are in compliance in all material respects with all applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations regarding the handling, discharge and emission of hazardous or toxic substances. Because release of chlorinated solvents can occur as a result of dry cleaning operations, we participate in the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Dry Cleaner Remediation Program (“DCRP”) with respect to four of our properties that currently or previously had a dry cleaning facility as a tenant. The DCRP administers the Dry Cleaning Remediation fund to assist with remediation of contamination caused by dry cleaning solvents.

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We have not been notified by any governmental authority, and are not otherwise aware of any material noncompliance, liability or claim relating to hazardous or toxic substances in connection with any of our present or former properties. Nevertheless, it is possible that the environmental assessments conducted thus far and currently available to us do not reveal all potential environmental liabilities. It is also possible that subsequent investigations will identify material contamination or other adverse conditions, that adverse environmental conditions have arisen subsequent to the performance of the environmental assessments, or that there are material environmental liabilities of which management is unaware.
 
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”), all places of public accommodation are required to meet certain federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. Our properties must comply with the ADA to the extent that they are considered “public accommodations” as defined by the ADA. The ADA may require removal of structural barriers to access by persons with disabilities in public areas of our properties where such removal is readily achievable. We believe that our properties are in substantial compliance with the ADA and that we will not be required to make substantial capital expenditures to address the requirements of the ADA. In addition, we will continue to assess our compliance with the ADA and to make alterations to our properties as required.
 
Employees
 
As of December 31, 2017, we had 103 employees.

Materials Available on Our Website

Copies of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports, proxy statements with respect to meetings of our shareholders, as well as Reports on Forms 3, 4 and 5 regarding our officers, trustees or 10% beneficial owners, filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a), 15(d) or 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), are available free of charge through our website (www.whitestonereit.com) as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file the material with, or furnish it to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).  We have also made available on our website copies of our Audit Committee Charter, Compensation Committee Charter, Nominating and Governance Committee Charter, Corporate Governance Guidelines, Insider Trading Compliance Policy, and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics Policy.  In the event of any changes to these documents, revised copies will also be made available on our website.  You may also read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549.  Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC as we do. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. Materials on our website are not part of our Annual Report on Form 10-K. The contents of these websites are not incorporated into this filing.

Financial Information
 
Additional financial information related to the Company is included in Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

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Item 1A.  Risk Factors.
 
In addition to the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the following risk factors should be considered carefully in evaluating our business.  Our business, financial condition, results of operations or the trading price of our common shares could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks.  Please note that additional risks not presently known to us or which we currently consider immaterial may also impair our business and operations.
 
Risks Associated with Real Estate
 
Market disruptions may significantly and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
 
World financial markets have, from time to time, experienced significant disruption. While many U.S. real estate markets have generally stabilized since the pervasive and fundamental disruptions associated with the last recession, which resulted in increased unemployment, weakening of tenant financial condition, large-scale business failures and tight credit markets, the financial markets have been volatile recently, and oil prices have declined dramatically over the past year. Our results of operations may be sensitive to changes in overall economic conditions that impact tenants of our properties or tenant leasing practices. Adverse economic conditions affecting tenant income, such as employment levels, business conditions, interest rates, tax rates, fuel and energy costs and other matters, could reduce overall tenant leasing or cause tenants to shift their leasing practices. In addition, periods of economic slowdown or recession, rising interest rates or declining demand for real estate, or the public perception that any of these events may occur, could result in a general decline in rents or an increased incidence of defaults under existing leases. Although the U.S. economy generally appears to have emerged from the worst aspects of the last recession, rental rates and valuations for retail space have not fully recovered to pre-recession levels and may not for a number of years. In addition, financial markets may again experience significant and prolonged disruption, including as a result of unanticipated events, or as a result of recent uncertainty regarding legislative and regulatory shifts relating to, among other things, taxation and trade, which could adversely affect our tenants and our business in general. For example, a general reduction in consumer spending and the level of tenant leasing could adversely affect our ability to maintain our current tenants and gain new tenants, affecting our growth and profitability. Accordingly, if financial and macroeconomic conditions deteriorate, or if financial markets experience significant disruption, it could have a significant adverse effect on our cash flows, profitability, results of operations and the trading price of our common shares.

Real estate property investments are illiquid due to a variety of factors and therefore we may not be able to dispose of properties when appropriate or on favorable terms.
 
Our strategy includes opportunistically selling properties that do not have the potential to meet our Community Centered Property® strategy. However, real estate property investments generally cannot be disposed of quickly. In addition, the Code imposes certain restrictions on the ability of a REIT to dispose of properties that are not applicable to other types of real estate companies. Therefore, we may not be able to vary our portfolio in response to economic or other conditions promptly or on favorable terms, which could cause us to incur extended losses, reduce our cash flows and adversely affect distributions to shareholders.
 
We cannot predict whether we will be able to sell any property for the price or on the terms set by us or whether any price or other terms offered by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us. We also cannot predict the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to close the sale of a property. To the extent we are unable to sell any properties for our book value, we may be required to take a non-cash impairment charge or loss on the sale, either of which would reduce our net income.
 
We may be required to expend funds and time to correct defects or to make improvements before a property can be sold. We cannot assure you that we will have funds available to correct those defects or to make those improvements, which may impede our ability to sell a property. Further, we may agree to transfer restrictions that materially restrict us from selling a property for a period of time or impose other restrictions, such as a limitation on the amount of debt that can be placed or repaid on that property. These transfer restrictions could impede our ability to sell a property even if we deem it necessary or appropriate. These facts and any others that would further contribute to the illiquid character of real estate properties and impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our properties may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, our ability to make distributions to our shareholders and the trading price of our common shares.
 

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Our business is dependent upon our tenants successfully operating their businesses, and their failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our ability to successfully and profitably operate our business.
 
We depend on our tenants to operate their businesses in a manner that generates revenues sufficient to allow them to meet their obligations to us, including their obligations to pay rent, maintain certain insurance coverage, pay real estate taxes and maintain the properties in a manner so as not to jeopardize their operating licenses or regulatory status. The ability of our tenants to fulfill their obligations under our leases may depend, in part, upon the overall profitability of their operations. Cash flow generated by the businesses of certain tenants may not be sufficient for such tenants to meet their obligations to us. Our financial position could be weakened and our ability to fulfill our obligations under our indebtedness and make distributions to our shareholders could be limited if a number of our tenants were unable to meet their obligations to us or failed to renew or extend their relationships with us as their lease terms expire, or if we were unable to lease or re-lease our properties on economically favorable terms.
 
Disruption in capital markets could adversely impact acquisition activities and pricing of real estate assets.
 
Volatility or other disruption in capital markets could adversely affect our access to or the cost of debt and equity capital, which could adversely affect our acquisition and other investment activities. Disruptions could include price volatility or decreased demand in equity markets, as seen in recent months, rising interest rates, tightening of underwriting standards by lenders and credit rating agencies and the significant inventory of unsold collateralized mortgage backed securities in the market. As a result, we may not be able to obtain favorable equity and debt financing in the future or at all. This may impair our ability to acquire properties at favorable returns or adversely affect our returns on investments in development and re-development projects, which may adversely affect our results of operations and distributions to shareholders. Furthermore, any turmoil in the capital markets could adversely impact the overall amount of capital available to invest in real estate, which may result in price or value decreases of real estate assets.
 
The value of investments in our common shares will be directly affected by general economic and regulatory factors we cannot control or predict.
 
Investments in real estate typically involve a high level of risk as the result of factors we cannot control or predict. One of the risks of investing in real estate is the possibility that our properties will not generate income sufficient to meet operating expenses or will generate income and capital appreciation, if any, at rates lower than those anticipated or available through investments in comparable real estate or other investments. The following factors may affect income from properties and yields from investments in properties and are generally outside of our control:
 
conditions in financial markets;

continuing deterioration of the brick-and-mortar retail industry;
 
over-building in our markets;
 
a reduction in rental income as the result of the inability to maintain occupancy levels;
 
adverse changes in applicable tax, real estate, environmental or zoning laws;
 
changes in general economic conditions or economic conditions in our markets;
 
a taking of any of our properties by eminent domain;
 
adverse local conditions (such as changes in real estate zoning laws that may reduce the desirability of real estate in the area);
 
acts of God, such as hurricanes, earthquakes or floods and other uninsured losses;
 
changes in supply of or demand for similar or competing properties in an area;
 
changes in interest rates and availability of permanent debt capital, which may render the sale of a property difficult or unattractive; and
 
periods of high interest rates, inflation or tight money supply.

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Some or all of these factors may affect our properties, which could adversely affect our operations and ability to make distributions to shareholders.

All of our properties are subject to property taxes that may increase in the future, which could adversely affect our cash flow.
 
Our properties are subject to property taxes that may increase as property tax rates change and as the properties are assessed or reassessed by taxing authorities. As the owner of the properties we are ultimately responsible for payment of the taxes to the government. If property taxes increase, our tenants may be unable to make the required tax payments, ultimately requiring us to pay the taxes. In addition, we will generally be responsible for property taxes related to any vacant space in our properties.

Our assets may be subject to impairment charges.
 
We periodically evaluate our real estate investments and other assets for impairment indicators. The judgment regarding the existence of impairment indicators is based on factors such as market conditions, tenant performance and legal structure. If we determine that a significant impairment has occurred, we would be required to make an adjustment to the net carrying value of the asset, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and funds from operations in the period in which the write-off occurs.
 
Compliance or failure to comply with laws requiring access to our properties by disabled persons could result in substantial cost.
 
The ADA and other federal, state and local laws generally require public accommodations be made accessible to disabled persons. Noncompliance with these laws could result in the imposition of fines by the government or the award of damages to private litigants. These laws may require us to modify our existing properties, which could require a significant investment of our cash resources that could otherwise be invested in more productive assets. These laws may also restrict renovations by requiring improved access to such buildings by disabled persons or may require us to add other structural features which increase our construction costs. Legislation or regulations adopted in the future may impose further obligations, restrictions or increased compliance costs on us with respect to improved access by disabled persons. We may incur unanticipated expenses that may be material to our financial condition or results of operations to comply with ADA and other federal, state and local laws, or in connection with lawsuits brought by private litigants.
 
We face intense competition, which may decrease, or prevent increases of, the occupancy and rental rates of our properties.
 
We compete with a number of developers, owners and operators of commercial real estate, many of whom own properties similar to ours in the same markets in which our properties are located. If our competitors offer space at rental rates below current market rates, or below the rental rates we currently charge our tenants, we may lose existing or potential tenants and we may be pressured to reduce our rental rates below those we currently charge or to offer more substantial rent abatements, tenant improvements, early termination rights or below-market renewal options in order to retain tenants when our tenants' leases expire. This competitive environment could have a material adverse effect on our ability to lease our properties or any newly developed or acquired property, as well as on the rents charged.

Our acquisition strategy includes acquiring distressed commercial real estate, and we could face significant competition from other investors, REITs, hedge funds, private equity funds and other private real estate investors with greater financial resources and access to capital than us. Therefore, we may not be able to compete successfully for investments. In addition, the number of entities and the amount of purchasers competing for suitable investments may increase, all of which could result in competition for accretive acquisition opportunities and adversely affect our business plan and our ability to maintain our current dividend rate.

 

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Risks Associated with Our Operations
 
Because a majority of our GLA is in the Houston and Phoenix metropolitan areas, an economic downturn in either area could adversely impact our operations and ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
 
The majority of our assets and revenues are currently derived from properties located in the Houston and Phoenix metropolitan areas. As of December 31, 2017, 28% and 47% of our wholly-owned GLA was located in Houston and Phoenix, respectively. Our results of operations are directly affected by our ability to attract financially sound commercial tenants. A significant economic downturn in the Houston, including as a result of the recent significant decline in oil prices, or Phoenix metropolitan area may adversely impact our ability to locate and retain financially sound tenants, could have an adverse impact on our existing tenants' revenues, costs and results of operations and may adversely affect their ability to meet their obligations to us. Likewise, we may be required to lower our rental rates to attract desirable tenants in such an environment. Consequently, because of the geographic concentration among our current assets, if either the Houston or Phoenix metropolitan area experiences an economic downturn, our operations and ability to make distributions to our shareholders could be adversely impacted. In addition, a substantial component of the Houston economy is the oil and gas industry, and the current low prices of oil and natural gas could adversely affect companies in that industry and their employees, which could adversely affect the businesses of our Houston tenants.
 
We lease our wholly-owned properties to approximately 1,300 tenants and leases for approximately 10% to 20% of our GLA expire annually. Each year we face the risk of non-renewal of a significant percentage of our leases and the cost of re-leasing a significant amount of our available space, and our failure to meet leasing targets and control the cost of re-leasing our properties could adversely affect our rental revenue, operating expenses and results of operations.
 
Our Community Centered Property® business model produces shorter term leases to smaller, non-national tenants, and substantially all of our revenues consist of base rents received under these leases. As of December 31, 2017, approximately 29% of the aggregate GLA of our properties is subject to leases that expire prior to December 31, 2019. We are subject to the risk that:
 
tenants may choose not to, or may not have the financial resources to, renew these leases;
 
we may experience significant costs associated with re-leasing a significant amount of our available space;
 
we may experience difficulties and significant time lags re-leasing vacated space, which may cause us to fail to meet our occupancy and average base rent targets and experience increased costs of re-leasing; and
 
the terms of any renewal or re-lease may be less favorable than the terms of the current leases.
 
We routinely seek to renew leases with our existing tenants prior to their expiration and typically begin discussions with tenants as early as 18 months prior to the expiration date of the existing lease. While our early renewal program and other leasing and marketing efforts provide early focus on expiring leases, and have generally been effective in producing lease renewals prior to expiration of the leases at rates comparable to or slightly in excess of the current rates, market conditions, including new supply of properties, and macroeconomic conditions in our markets and nationally could adversely impact our renewal rate and/or the rental rates we are able to negotiate. If any of these risks materialize, our rental revenue, operating expenses and results of operations could be adversely affected.
 
Many of our tenants are small businesses, which may have a higher risk of bankruptcy or insolvency.
 
Many of our tenants are small businesses that depend primarily on cash flows from their operations to pay their rent and without other resources could be at a higher risk of bankruptcy or insolvency than larger, national tenants. If tenants are unable to comply with the terms of our leases, we may be forced to modify the leases in ways that are unfavorable to us. Alternatively, the failure of a tenant to perform under a lease could require us to declare a default, repossess the space and find a suitable replacement tenant. There is no assurance that we would be able to lease the space on substantially equivalent or better terms than the prior lease, or at all, or successfully reposition the space for other uses. If one or more of our tenants files for bankruptcy relief, the Bankruptcy Code provides that a debtor has the option to assume or reject the unexpired lease within a certain period of time.


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Any bankruptcy filing by or relating to one or more of our tenants could bar all efforts by us to collect pre-bankruptcy debts from that tenant or seize its property. A tenant bankruptcy could also delay our efforts to collect past due balances under the lease and could ultimately preclude collection of all or a portion of these sums. It is possible that we may recover substantially less than the full value of any unsecured claims we hold, if any. Furthermore, dealing with a tenant's bankruptcy or other default may divert management's attention and cause us to incur substantial legal and other costs. The bankruptcy or insolvency of a number of smaller tenants may have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations, our ability to make distributions to our shareholders and the trading price of our common shares.
  
Uninsured losses relating to real property or excessively expensive premiums for insurance coverage may adversely affect our returns.
 
We attempt to adequately insure all of our properties to cover casualty losses. However, there are types of losses, generally catastrophic in nature, such as losses due to wars, acts of terrorism, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, pollution or environmental matters, which are uninsurable or not economically insurable, or may be insured subject to limitations, such as large deductibles or co-payments. Our current geographic concentration in the Houston metropolitan area potentially increases the risk of damage to our portfolio due to hurricanes. Insurance risks associated with potential terrorism acts could sharply increase the premiums we pay for coverage against property and casualty claims. In some instances, we may be required to provide other financial support, either through financial assurances or self-insurance, to cover potential losses. We cannot assure you that we will have adequate coverage for these losses. Also, to the extent we must pay unexpectedly large insurance premiums, we could suffer reduced earnings that would result in less cash to be distributed to shareholders.
 
Discovery of previously undetected environmentally hazardous conditions may adversely affect our operating results.
 
Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous owner or operator of real property may be liable for the cost of removal or remediation of hazardous or toxic substances on, under or in its property. The costs of removal or remediation could be substantial. These laws often impose liability whether or not the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of any hazardous or toxic substances. Environmental laws also may impose restrictions on the manner in which a property may be used or businesses may be operated, and these restrictions may require substantial expenditures. Environmental laws provide for sanctions in the event of noncompliance and may be enforced by governmental agencies or, in certain circumstances, by private parties. Certain environmental laws and common law principles could be used to impose liability for release of and exposure to hazardous substances, including asbestos containing materials into the air. In addition, third parties may seek recovery from owners or operators of real properties for personal injury or property damage associated with exposure to released hazardous substances. The cost of defending against claims of liability, of compliance with environmental regulatory requirements, of remediating any contaminated property, or of paying personal injury claims could materially adversely affect our business, assets or results of operations and, consequently, amounts available for distributions to our shareholders.

Certain of our properties currently include or have in the past included a dry cleaning facility as a tenant. See “Business - Compliance with Governmental Regulations.”
 
We may not be successful in consummating suitable acquisitions or investment opportunities, which may impede our growth and adversely affect the trading price of our common shares.
 
Our ability to expand through acquisitions is integral to our business strategy and requires us to consummate suitable acquisition or investment opportunities that meet our criteria and are compatible with our growth strategy. We may not be successful in consummating acquisitions or investments in properties that meet our acquisition criteria on satisfactory terms or at all. Failure to consummate acquisitions or investment opportunities, the failure of an acquired property to perform as expected, or the failure to integrate successfully any acquired properties without substantial expense, delay or other operational or financial problems, would slow our growth, which could in turn adversely affect the trading price of our common shares.
 
Our ability to acquire properties on favorable terms may be constrained by the following significant risks:
 
competition from other real estate investors with significant capital, including other REITs and institutional investment funds;
 
competition from other potential acquirers which may significantly increase the purchase price for a property we acquire, which could reduce our growth prospects;
 
unsatisfactory results of our due diligence investigations or failure to meet other customary closing conditions;

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the failure of an acquired property to perform as expected; and
 
failure to finance an acquisition on favorable terms or at all.
 
If any of these risks are realized, our business, financial condition and results of operations, our ability to make distributions to our shareholders and the trading price of our common shares may be materially and adversely affected.
 
Our success depends in part on our ability to execute our Community Centered Property® strategy.
 
Our Community Centered Property® strategy requires intensive management of a large number of small spaces and small tenant relationships. Our success depends in part upon our management's ability to identify potential Community Centered Properties® and find and maintain the appropriate tenants to create such a property. Lack of market acceptance of our Community Centered Property® strategy or our inability to successfully attract and manage a large number of tenant relationships could adversely affect our occupancy rates, operating results and dividend rate.

Our business is significantly influenced by demand for retail space generally, and a decrease in such demand may have a greater adverse effect on our business than if we owned a more diversified real estate portfolio.

Because our portfolio of properties consists primarily of community and neighborhood shopping centers, a decrease in the demand for retail space, due to the economic factors discussed above or otherwise, may have a greater adverse effect on our business and financial condition than if we owned a more diversified real estate portfolio. The market for retail space has been, and could continue to be, adversely affected by weakness in the national, regional and local economies, the adverse financial conditions of some retailing companies, the ongoing consolidation in the retail sector, the excess amount of retail space in a number of markets and increasing online consumer purchases.
 
Loss of our key personnel, particularly our senior managers, could threaten our ability to execute our strategy and operate our business successfully.
 
We are dependent on the experience and knowledge of our key executive personnel, particularly certain of our senior managers who have been instrumental in setting our strategic direction, operating our business, identifying, recruiting and training key personnel and arranging necessary financing. Losing the services of any of these individuals could adversely affect our business until qualified replacements could be found. We also believe that they could not quickly be replaced with managers of equal experience and capabilities and their successors may not be as effective.
 
Our systems may not be adequate to support our growth, and our failure to successfully oversee our portfolio of properties could adversely affect our results of operations.
 
We make no assurances that we will be able to adapt our portfolio management, administrative, accounting and operational systems, or hire and retain sufficient operational staff, to support our growth. Our failure to successfully oversee our current portfolio of properties or any future acquisitions or developments could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition and our ability to make distributions.

We face risks relating to cybersecurity attacks, loss of confidential information and other business disruptions.

Our business is at risk from and may be impacted by cybersecurity attacks, including attempts to gain unauthorized access to our confidential data and other electronic security breaches. Such cyber-attacks can range from individual attempts to gain unauthorized access to our information technology systems to more sophisticated security threats. While we employ a number of measures to prevent, detect and mitigate these threats, there is no guarantee such efforts will be successful in preventing a cyber-attack. Cybersecurity incidents could compromise the confidential information of our tenants, employees and third party vendors and affect the efficiency of our business operations, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, competitiveness and results of operations.
 

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There can be no assurance that we will be able to pay or maintain cash distributions or that distributions will increase over time.
 
There are many factors that can affect the availability and timing of cash distributions to shareholders. Distributions are based upon our funds from operations, financial condition, cash flows and liquidity, debt service requirements, capital expenditure requirements for our properties and other matters our board of trustees may deem relevant from time to time. If we do not have sufficient cash available for distributions, we may need to fund the shortage out of working capital or borrow to provide funds for such distributions, which would reduce the amount of capital available for real estate investments and increase our future interest costs.

We can give no assurance that we will be able to continue to pay distributions or that distributions will increase over time. In addition, we can give no assurance that rents from our properties will increase, or that future acquisitions of real properties, mortgage loans or our investments in securities will increase our cash available for distributions to shareholders. Our actual results may differ significantly from the assumptions used by our board of trustees in establishing the distribution rate to shareholders. Our inability to make distributions, or to make distributions at expected levels, could result in a decrease in the trading price of our common shares.

Any weaknesses identified in our system of internal controls by us and our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 could have an adverse effect on our business.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires that public companies evaluate and report on their systems of internal control over financial reporting. In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm must report on management's evaluation of those controls. In future periods, we may identify deficiencies in our system of internal controls over financial reporting that may require remediation. There can be no assurances that any such future deficiencies identified may not be material weaknesses that would be required to be reported in future periods. Any deficiencies or material weaknesses could result in significant time and expense to remediate, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and ability to make distributions to our shareholders.

Risks Associated with Our Indebtedness and Financing
 
Current market conditions could adversely affect our ability to refinance existing indebtedness or obtain additional financing for growth on acceptable terms or at all, which could adversely affect our ability to grow, our interest cost and our results of operations.
 
The United States credit markets have experienced significant dislocations and liquidity disruptions, including the bankruptcy, insolvency or restructuring of certain financial institutions. These circumstances have materially impacted liquidity in the debt markets, making financing terms for borrowers less attractive, and in certain cases have resulted in the unavailability of various types of debt financing. Reductions in our available borrowing capacity, or inability to refinance our revolving credit facility when required or when business conditions warrant, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we mortgage many of our properties to secure payment of indebtedness. If we are not successful in refinancing our mortgage debt upon maturity, then the property could be foreclosed upon or transferred to the mortgagee, or we might be forced to dispose of some of our properties upon disadvantageous terms, with a consequent loss of income and asset value. A foreclosure or disadvantageous disposal on one or more of our properties could adversely affect our ability to grow, financial condition, interest cost, results of operations, cash flow and ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
 
Furthermore, if prevailing interest rates or other factors at the time of refinancing result in higher interest rates upon refinancing, then the interest expense relating to that refinanced indebtedness would increase. Higher interest rates on newly incurred debt may negatively impact us as well. If interest rates increase, our interest costs and overall costs of capital will increase, which could adversely affect our transaction and development activity, financial condition, results of operation, cash flow, our ability to pay principal and interest on our debt and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
 
Our failure to hedge effectively against interest rate changes may adversely affect results of operations.
 
We currently have mortgages that bear interest at variable rates and we may incur additional variable rate debt in the future. Accordingly, increases in interest rates on variable rate debt would increase our interest expense, which could reduce net earnings and cash available for payment of our debt obligations and distributions to our shareholders.
 

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We may seek to manage our exposure to interest rate volatility by using interest rate hedging arrangements, such as interest cap agreements and interest rate swap agreements. These agreements involve risks, such as the risk that counterparties may fail to honor their obligations under these arrangements, that these arrangements may not be effective in reducing our exposure to interest rate changes and that a court could rule that such an agreement is not legally enforceable. In the past, we have used derivative financial instruments to hedge interest rate risks related to our variable rate borrowings. We will not use derivatives for speculative or trading purposes and intend only to enter into contracts with major financial institutions based on their credit rating and other factors, but we may choose to change this practice in the future. As of December 31, 2017, we had fixed rate hedges on $209.7 million of our variable rate debt, including $200 million of our unsecured credit facility. We may enter into additional interest rate swap agreements for our variable rate debt not currently subject to hedges, which totaled $232.2 million as of December 31, 2017. Hedging may reduce the overall returns on our investments. Failure to hedge effectively against interest rate changes may materially and adversely affect our results of operations.
 
We currently have and may incur additional mortgage indebtedness and other borrowings, which may increase our business risks and may adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
 
If we determine it to be in our best interests, we may, in some instances, acquire real properties by using either existing financing or borrowing new funds. In addition, we may incur or increase our current mortgage debt to obtain funds to acquire additional properties. We may also borrow funds if necessary to satisfy the REIT distribution requirement described above, or otherwise as may be necessary or advisable to ensure that we maintain our qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.

On November 7, 2014, we, through our Operating Partnership, entered into an unsecured credit facility (the “2014 Facility”) with the lenders party thereto, with BMO Capital Markets Corp., Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and U.S. Bank, National Association, as co-lead arrangers and joint book runners, and Bank of Montreal, as administrative agent (the “Agent”). On October 30, 2015, we, through our Operating Partnership, entered into the first amendment to the 2014 Facility (the “First Amendment”) with the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and the Agent. We refer to the 2014 Facility, as amended by the First Amendment, as the “Facility.” Proceeds from the Facility were used for general corporate purposes, including property acquisitions, debt repayment, capital expenditures, the expansion, redevelopment and re-tenanting of properties in our portfolio and working capital. We intend to use the additional proceeds from the Facility for general corporate purposes, including property acquisitions, debt repayment, capital expenditures, the expansion, redevelopment and re-tenanting of properties in our portfolio and working capital.

The Facility is comprised of the following four tranches:

$300 million unsecured revolving credit facility with a maturity date of October 30, 2019;

$50 million unsecured term loan with a maturity date of October 30, 2020;

$50 million unsecured term loan with a maturity date of January 29, 2021; and

$100 million unsecured term loan with a maturity date of October 30, 2022.
    
The Facility includes an accordion feature that will allow the Operating Partnership to increase the borrowing capacity to $700 million, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions. As of December 31, 2017, $432.2 million was drawn on the Facility and our unused borrowing capacity was $67.8 million, assuming that we use the proceeds of the Facility to acquire properties, or to repay debt on properties, that are eligible to be included in the unsecured borrowing base. The Facility contains customary terms and conditions, including, without limitation, affirmative and negative covenants such as information reporting requirements, maximum secured indebtedness to total asset value, minimum EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization or extraordinary items) to fixed charges and maintenance of a minimum net worth. The Facility also contains customary events of default with customary notice and cure, including, without limitation, nonpayment, breach of covenant, misrepresentation of representations and warranties in a material respect, cross-default to other major indebtedness, change of control, bankruptcy and loss of REIT status. The amount available to us and our ability to borrow under the Facility is subject to our compliance with these requirements. Maintaining compliance with these covenants could limit our ability to implement our business plan effectively, or at all.
    


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We may also incur mortgage debt on a particular property if we believe the property's projected cash flow is sufficient to service the mortgage debt. As of December 31, 2017, we had approximately $228.7 million of mortgage debt secured by 20 of our wholly-owned or majority interest held properties. If there is a shortfall in cash flow, however, the amount available for distributions to shareholders may be affected. In addition, incurring mortgage debt increases the risk of loss because defaults on such indebtedness may result in loss of property in foreclosure actions initiated by lenders. For tax purposes, a foreclosure of any of our properties would be treated as a sale of the property for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage. If the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage exceeds our tax basis in the property, we would recognize taxable income on foreclosure, but would not receive any cash proceeds. We may give lenders full or partial guarantees for mortgage debt incurred by the entities that own our properties. When we give a guaranty on behalf of an entity that owns one of our properties, we will be responsible to the lender for satisfaction of the debt if it is not paid by that entity. If any mortgages contain cross-collateralization or cross-default provisions, there is a risk that more than one property may be affected by a default. If any of our properties are foreclosed upon due to a default, our ability to pay cash distributions to our shareholders may be adversely affected. For more discussion, see “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

If we set aside insufficient working capital or are unable to secure funds for future tenant improvements, we may be required to defer necessary property improvements, which could adversely impact the quality of our properties and our results of operations.

When tenants do not renew their leases or otherwise vacate their space, it is possible that, in order to attract replacement tenants, we may be required to expend substantial funds for tenant improvements and refurbishments to the vacated space. If we have insufficient working capital reserves, we will have to obtain financing from other sources. Because most of our leases provide for tenant reimbursement of operating expenses, we have not established a permanent reserve for maintenance and repairs for our properties. However, to the extent that we have insufficient funds for such purposes, we may establish reserves for maintenance and repairs of our properties out of cash flow generated by operating properties or out of non-liquidating net sale proceeds. If these reserves or any reserves otherwise established are insufficient to meet our cash needs, we may have to obtain financing from either affiliated or unaffiliated sources to fund our cash requirements. We cannot assure you that sufficient financing will be available or, if available, will be available on economically feasible terms or on terms acceptable to us. Additional borrowing for working capital purposes will increase our interest expense, and therefore our financial condition and our ability to pay cash distributions to our shareholders may be adversely affected. In addition, we may be required to defer necessary improvements to our properties that may cause our properties to suffer from a greater risk of obsolescence or a decline in value, or a greater risk of decreased cash flow as a result of fewer potential tenants being attracted to our properties. If this happens, we may not be able to maintain projected rental rates for affected properties, and our results of operations may be negatively impacted.

We have in the past and may continue to structure acquisitions of property in exchange for limited partnership units in our Operating Partnership on terms that could limit our liquidity or our flexibility.
 
We have in the past and may continue to acquire properties by issuing limited partnership units in our Operating Partnership (“OP units”) in exchange for a property owner contributing property to the Operating Partnership. If we enter into such transactions, in order to induce the contributors of such properties to accept OP units, rather than cash, in exchange for their properties, it may be necessary for us to provide them with additional incentives. For instance, our Operating Partnership's limited partnership agreement provides that any holder of OP units may redeem such units for cash, or, at our option, common shares on a one-for-one basis. We may, however, enter into additional contractual arrangements with contributors of property under which we would agree to redeem a contributor's OP units for our common shares or cash, at the option of the contributor, at set times. If the contributor required us to redeem OP units for cash pursuant to such a provision, it would limit our liquidity and thus our ability to use cash to make other investments, satisfy other obligations or pay distributions. Moreover, if we were required to redeem OP units for cash at a time when we did not have sufficient cash to fund the redemption, we might be required to sell one or more properties to raise funds to satisfy this obligation. Furthermore, we might agree that if distributions the contributor received as a limited partner in our Operating Partnership did not provide the contributor with a defined return, then upon redemption of the contributor's OP units, we would pay the contributor an additional amount necessary to achieve that return. Such a provision could further negatively impact our liquidity and flexibility. Finally, in order to allow a contributor of a property to defer taxable gain on the contribution of property to our Operating Partnership, we might agree not to sell a contributed property for a defined period of time or until the contributor redeemed the contributor's OP units for cash or our common shares. Such an agreement would prevent us from selling those properties, even if market conditions made such a sale favorable to us.
 

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We may issue preferred shares with a preference in distributions over our common shares, and our ability to issue preferred shares and additional common shares may deter or prevent a sale of our common shares in which you could profit.
 
Our declaration of trust authorizes our board of trustees to issue up to 400,000,000 common shares and 50,000,000 preferred shares. Our board of trustees may amend our declaration of trust from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares or the number of any class or series that we have authority to issue. In addition, our board of trustees may classify or reclassify any unissued common shares or preferred shares and may set the preferences, rights and other terms of the classified or reclassified shares. The terms of preferred shares could include a preference in distributions senior to our common shares. If we authorize and issue preferred shares with a distribution preference senior to our common shares, payment of any distribution preferences of outstanding preferred shares would reduce the amount of funds available for the payment of distributions on our common shares. Further, holders of preferred shares are normally entitled to receive a preference payment in the event we liquidate, dissolve or wind up before any payment is made to our common shareholders, likely reducing the amount our common shareholders would otherwise receive upon such an occurrence. In addition, under certain circumstances, the issuance of preferred shares or a separate class or series of common shares may render more difficult or tend to discourage:
 
a merger, tender offer or proxy contest;
 
assumption of control by a holder of a large block of our shares; or
 
removal of incumbent management.
 
Risks Associated with Income Tax Laws
 
If we fail to qualify as a REIT, our operations and distributions to shareholders would be adversely impacted.
 
We intend to continue to be organized and to operate so as to qualify as a REIT under the Code. A REIT generally is not taxed at the corporate level on income it currently distributes to its shareholders. Qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex rules for which there are only limited judicial or administrative interpretations. The determination of various factual matters and circumstances not entirely within our control may affect our ability to continue to qualify as a REIT. In addition, new legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions could significantly change the tax laws, possibly with retroactive effect, with respect to qualification as a REIT or the federal income tax consequences of such qualification.
 
If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year:
 
we would not be allowed to deduct our distributions to shareholders when computing our taxable income;
 
we would be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates;
 
we would be disqualified from being taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost, unless entitled to relief under certain statutory provisions;
 
our cash available for distributions to shareholders would be reduced; and
 
we may be required to borrow additional funds or sell some of our assets in order to pay corporate tax obligations that we may incur as a result of our disqualification.
  
We may need to incur additional borrowings to meet the REIT minimum distribution requirement and to avoid excise tax.
 
In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are required to distribute to our shareholders at least 90% of our annual real estate investment trust taxable income (excluding any net capital gain and before application of the dividends paid deduction). In addition, we are subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which certain distributions paid by us with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (i) 85% of our ordinary income for that year, (ii) 95% of our net capital gain for that year and (iii) 100% of our undistributed taxable income from prior years. Although we intend to pay distributions to our shareholders in a manner that allows us to meet the 90% distribution requirement and avoid this 4% excise tax, we cannot assure you that we will always be able to do so.
 

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Our income consists almost solely of our share of our Operating Partnership's income, and the cash available for distribution by us to our shareholders consists of our share of cash distributions made by our Operating Partnership. Because we are the sole general partner of our Operating Partnership, our board of trustees determines the amount of any distributions made by our Operating Partnership. Our board of trustees may consider a number of factors in authorizing distributions, including:
 
the amount of cash available for distribution;
 
our Operating Partnership's financial condition;
 
our Operating Partnership's capital expenditure requirements; and
 
our annual distribution requirements necessary to maintain our qualification as a REIT.
 
Differences in timing between the actual receipt of income and actual payment of deductible expenses and the inclusion of income and deduction of expenses when determining our taxable income, as well as the effect of nondeductible capital expenditures and the creation of reserves or required debt amortization payments could require us to borrow funds on a short-term or long-term basis or make taxable distributions to our shareholders of our shares or debt securities to meet the REIT distribution requirement and to avoid the 4% excise tax described above. In these circumstances, we may need to borrow funds to avoid adverse tax consequences even if our management believes that the then prevailing market conditions generally are not favorable for borrowings or that borrowings would not be advisable in the absence of the tax consideration.
 
If our Operating Partnership were classified as a “publicly traded partnership” taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes under the Code, we would cease to qualify as a REIT and would suffer other adverse tax consequences.
 
We structured our Operating Partnership so that it would be classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. In this regard, the Code generally classifies “publicly traded partnerships” (as defined in Section 7704 of the Code) as associations taxable as corporations (rather than as partnerships), unless substantially all of their taxable income consists of specified types of passive income. In order to minimize the risk that the Code would classify our Operating Partnership as a “publicly traded partnership” for tax purposes, we placed certain restrictions on the transfer and/or redemption of partnership units in our Operating Partnership. If the Internal Revenue Service were to assert successfully that our Operating Partnership is a “publicly traded partnership,” and substantially all of its gross income did not consist of the specified types of passive income, the Code would treat our Operating Partnership as an association taxable as a corporation.
 
In such event, the character of our assets and items of gross income would change and would prevent us from continuing to qualify as a REIT. In addition, the imposition of a corporate tax on our Operating Partnership would reduce our amount of cash available for payment of distributions by us to our shareholders.
 
Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to forego otherwise attractive opportunities or liquidate otherwise attractive investments.
 
To qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our assets, the amounts we distribute to our shareholders and the ownership of our shares. In order to meet these tests, we may be required to forego investments we might otherwise make. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our performance.
 
In particular, we must ensure that at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and qualified real estate assets. The remainder of our investment in securities (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our assets (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) can consist of the securities of any one issuer, and no more than 20% of the value of our total assets can be represented by the securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to liquidate otherwise attractive investments. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to our shareholders.


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Recent changes to the U.S. federal income tax laws, including the enactment of certain tax reform measures, could have an adverse impact on the economy, our tenants and our business and financial results.

On December 22, 2017, President Trump signed the legislation (the “Tax Reform Legislation”) commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act into law, which, among other changes:

Reduces the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% (including with respect to our taxable REIT subsidiaries);

Reduces the rate of U.S. federal withholding tax on distributions made to non-U.S. shareholders by a REIT that are attributable to gains from the sale or exchange of U.S. real property interests from 35% to 21%;

Allows an immediate 100% deduction of the cost of certain capital asset investments (generally excluding real estate assets), subject to a phase-down of the deduction percentage over time;

Changes the recovery periods for certain real property and building improvements (for example, to 15 years for qualified improvement property under the modified accelerated cost recovery system, and to 30 years (previously 40 years) for residential real property and 20 years (previously 40 years) for qualified improvement property under the alternative depreciation system);

Restricts the deductibility of interest expense by businesses (generally, to 30% of the business’ adjusted taxable income) except, among others, real property businesses electing out of such restriction; generally, we expect our business to qualify as such a real property business, but businesses conducted by our taxable REIT subsidiaries may not qualify and we have not yet determined whether we will make such election;

Requires the use of the less favorable alternative depreciation system to depreciate real property in the event a real property business elects to avoid the interest deduction restriction above;

Restricts the benefits of like-kind exchanges that defer capital gains for tax purposes to exchanges of real property;

Requires accrual method taxpayers to take certain amounts in income no later than the taxable year in which such income is taken into account as revenue in an applicable financial statement prepared under U.S generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), which, with respect to certain leases, could accelerate the inclusion of rental income;

Eliminates the corporate alternative minimum tax;

Reduces the highest marginal income tax rate for individuals to 37% from 39.6% (excluding, in each case, the 3.8% Medicare tax on net investment income);

Generally allows a deduction for individuals equal to 20% of certain income from pass-through entities, including ordinary dividends distributed by a REIT (excluding capital gain dividends and qualified dividend income), generally resulting in a maximum effective federal income tax rate applicable to such dividends of 29.6% compared to 37% (excluding, in each case, the 3.8% Medicare tax on net investment income); and

Limits certain deductions for individuals, including deductions for state and local income taxes, and eliminates deductions for miscellaneous itemized deductions (including certain investment expenses).

Many of the provisions in the Tax Reform Legislation expire in seven years (at the end of 2025). As a result of the changes to U.S. federal tax laws implemented by the Tax Reform Legislation, our taxable income and the amount of distributions to our stockholders required in order to maintain our REIT status, and our relative tax advantage as a REIT, may significantly change.


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Table of Contents

The Tax Reform Legislation is a far-reaching and complex revision to the U.S. federal income tax laws with disparate and, in some cases, countervailing impacts on different categories of taxpayers and industries, and will require subsequent rulemaking and interpretation in a number of areas. The long-term impact of the Tax Reform Legislation on the economy, us, our investors, our tenants, the real estate industry and government revenues cannot be reliably predicted at this early stage of the new law’s implementation. Furthermore, the Tax Reform Legislation may negatively impact certain of our tenants’ operating results, financial condition, and future business plans. The Tax Reform Legislation may also result in reduced government revenues, and therefore reduced government spending, which may negatively impact tenants that directly or indirectly rely on government funding. There can be no assurance that the Tax Reform Legislation will not negatively impact our operating results, financial condition, and future business operations. Additionally, the Tax Reform Legislation may be adverse to certain of our stockholders and other investors. Prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the effect of the changes to the U.S. federal tax laws on an investment in our shares and other securities.
 
Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends.
 
For non-corporate taxpayers the maximum tax rate applicable to “qualified dividend income” paid by regular “C” corporations to U.S. shareholders generally is 20%. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the reduced rates on qualified dividend income. Instead, our ordinary dividends generally are taxed at the higher tax rates applicable to ordinary income, the current maximum rate of which is 37%. However, for taxable years prior to 2026, individual stockholders are generally allowed to deduct 20% of the aggregate amount of ordinary dividends distributed by us, subject to certain limitations, which would reduce the maximum marginal effective tax rate for individuals on the receipt of such ordinary dividends to 29.6%.
 
Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge effectively and may cause us to incur tax liabilities.
 
The REIT provisions of the Code substantially limit our ability to hedge our liabilities. Any income from a hedging transaction that we enter into to manage risk of interest rate changes, price changes or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made to acquire or carry real estate assets does not constitute “gross income” for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests. To the extent that we enter into other types of hedging transactions, the income from those transactions is likely to be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of both of the gross income tests. As a result of these rules, we may need to limit our use of advantageous hedging techniques or implement those hedges through taxable REIT subsidiaries. This could increase the cost of our hedging activities because any taxable REIT subsidiary that we may form would be subject to tax on gains or expose us to greater risks associated with changes in interest rates than we would otherwise want to bear. In addition, losses in taxable REIT subsidiaries will generally not provide any tax benefit, except for being carried forward against future taxable income in the taxable REIT subsidiaries.

Pursuant to the Tax Protection Agreement, the amount that Pillarstone is required to indemnify the Operating Partnership for certain tax liabilities reduces over the term of the Tax Protection Agreement.

In connection with the Contribution (as defined below), on December 8, 2016, the Operating Partnership entered into a Tax Protection Agreement (the “Tax Protection Agreement”) with Pillarstone Capital REIT (“Pillarstone REIT”), the general partner of Pillarstone, and Pillarstone pursuant to which Pillarstone agreed to indemnify the Operating Partnership for certain tax liabilities resulting from its recognition of income or gain prior to December 8, 2021 (a) if such liabilities result from a transaction involving a direct or indirect taxable disposition of all or a portion of the Pillarstone Properties or (b) if Pillarstone fails to maintain and allocate to the Operating Partnership for taxation purposes minimum levels of liabilities as specified in the Tax Protection Agreement, the result of which causes such recognition of income or gain and the Company incurs taxes that must be paid to maintain its REIT status for federal tax purposes.  However, the Tax Protection Agreement expires on the earlier of (x) December 8, 2021 and (y) the date on which the Operating Partnership disposes of 50% or more of the Pillarstone OP Units (as defined below) issued in connection with the Contribution.  Further, the amount that Pillarstone is required to indemnify the Operating Partnership reduces over the term of the Tax Protection Agreement as follows: on December 8th of each year, the amount of tax liability recognized by the Operating Partnership during that year that Pillarstone is required to indemnify is reduced by 20 percentage points.  Once the Tax Protection Agreement has expired, the Company could be subject to additional taxes upon the occurrence of certain events that must be paid to maintain its REIT status for federal tax purposes.
 

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Table of Contents

Risks Related to Ownership of our Common Shares
 
Increases in market interest rates may result in a decrease in the value of our common shares.

One of the factors that may influence the price of our common shares will be the dividend distribution rate on the common shares (as a percentage of the price of our common shares) relative to market interest rates. If market interest rates rise, prospective purchasers of shares of our common shares may expect a higher distribution rate. Higher interest rates would not, however, result in more funds being available for distribution and, in fact, would likely increase our borrowing costs and might decrease our funds available for distribution. We therefore may not be able, or we may not choose, to provide a higher distribution rate. As a result, prospective purchasers may decide to purchase other securities rather than our common shares, which would reduce the demand for, and result in a decline in the market price of, our common shares.

Broad market fluctuations could negatively impact the market price of our common shares.

The stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market price of many companies in industries similar or related to ours and that have been unrelated to these companies' operating performances. These broad market fluctuations could reduce the market price of our common shares. Furthermore, our operating results and prospects may be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors or may be lower than those of companies with comparable market capitalizations. Either of these factors could lead to a material decline in the market price of our common shares.

Maryland takeover statutes may deter others from seeking to acquire us and prevent shareholders from making a profit in such transactions.

The Maryland General Corporation Law (“MGCL”) contains many provisions, such as the business combination statute and the control share acquisition statute, that are designed to prevent, or have the effect of preventing, someone from acquiring control of us. The business combination statute, subject to limitations, prohibits certain business combinations between us and an “interested shareholder” (defined generally as any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of our outstanding voting shares or an affiliate or associate of our Company who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of our then outstanding shares) or an affiliate of an interested shareholder for five years after the most recent date on which the person becomes an interested shareholder and thereafter imposes super-majority voting requirements on these combinations. The control share acquisition statute provides that “control shares” of our Company (defined as shares which, when aggregated with other shares controlled by the shareholder (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), entitle the shareholder to exercise one of three increasing ranges of voting power in electing trustees) acquired in a “control share acquisition” (defined as the direct or indirect acquisition of ownership or control of issued and outstanding control shares) have no voting rights except to the extent approved by our shareholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding all interested shares.

We are currently subject to the control share acquisition statute, although our board of trustees may amend our Amended and Restated Bylaws, or our bylaws, without shareholder approval, to exempt any acquisition of our shares from the statute. Our board of trustees has adopted a resolution exempting any business combination with any person from the business combination statute. The business combination statute (if our board of trustees revokes the foregoing exemption) and the control share acquisition statute could delay or prevent offers to acquire us and increase the difficulty of consummating any such offers, even if such a transaction would be in our shareholders' best interest.
 
The MGCL, the Maryland REIT Law and our organizational documents limit shareholders' rights to bring claims against our officers and trustees.
 
The MGCL and the Maryland REIT Law provide that a trustee will not have any liability as a trustee so long as he performs his duties in good faith, in a manner he reasonably believes to be in our best interests, and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. In addition, our declaration of trust provides that no trustee or officer will be liable to us or to any shareholder for money damages except to the extent that (a) the trustee or officer actually received an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services, for the amount of the benefit or profit in money, property, or services actually received; or (b) a judgment or the final adjudication adverse to the trustee or officer is entered in a proceeding based on a finding in the proceeding the trustee's or officer's action or failure to act was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty and was material to the cause of action adjudicated in the proceeding. Finally, our declaration of trust authorizes our Company to obligate itself, and our bylaws obligate us, to indemnify and advance expenses to our trustees and officers to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.

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Table of Contents

 
Our classified board of trustees may prevent others from effecting a change in the control of our board of trustees.

We believe that classification of our board of trustees will help to assure the continuity and stability of our business strategies and policies as determined by the board of trustees. However, the classified board provision could have the effect of making the replacement of incumbent trustees more time-consuming and difficult. At least two annual meetings of shareholders, instead of one, will generally be required to effect a change in a majority of our board of trustees. Thus, the classified board provision could increase the likelihood that incumbent trustees will retain their positions. The staggered terms of trustees may delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for our common shares or otherwise be in the best interest of the shareholders.
 
The terms of our employment agreements with our executive officers and severance arrangements with other employees and the terms of certain equity awards granted to our employees may deter others from seeking to acquire us or reduce the price of any such acquisition.

We have entered into employment agreements with our executive officers and severance arrangements with other of our employees, and have granted equity awards to a number of our employees. In certain cases, upon a change of control acquisition of us, such agreements and awards would entitle the officer or employee to severance payments and vesting of otherwise unvested awards. The cost of these payments and the impact of the vesting of such awards could deter a third party from seeking to acquire us or could cause the price payable to shareholders in connection with any such acquisition to be lower than it otherwise may have been. These effects could delay or prevent offers to acquire us and increase the difficulty in consummating any such offers, even if such a transaction would be in our shareholders’ best interests.

Future offerings of debt, which would be senior to our common shares upon liquidation, and/or preferred equity securities that may be senior to our common shares for purposes of distributions or upon liquidation, may adversely affect the market price of our common shares.

In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by making additional offerings of debt or preferred equity securities, including medium-term notes, trust preferred securities, senior or subordinated notes and preferred shares. Upon liquidation, holders of our debt securities and preferred shares and lenders with respect to other borrowings will receive distributions of our available assets prior to the holders of our common shares. Additional equity offerings may dilute the holdings of our existing shareholders or reduce the market price of our common shares, or both. Holders of our common shares are not entitled to preemptive rights or other protections against dilution. Our preferred shares, if issued, could have a preference on liquidating distributions or a preference on distribution payments that could limit our ability to pay distributions to the holders of our common shares. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. Thus, our common shareholders bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the market price of our common shares and diluting their share holdings in us.

Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments.
 
None.
 

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Table of Contents

Item 2.  Properties.
 
General
 
As of December 31, 2017, we wholly-owned or held a majority interest in 73 commercial properties, including 17 properties in Houston, seven properties in Dallas-Fort Worth, three properties in San Antonio, four properties in Austin, 27 properties in the Scottsdale and Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan areas, one property in Buffalo Grove, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago and the 14 Pillarstone Properties.
 
Our tenants consist of national, regional and local businesses. Our properties generally attract a mix of tenants who provide basic staples, convenience items and services tailored to the specific cultures, needs and preferences of the surrounding community. These types of tenants are the core of our strategy of creating Whitestone-branded Community Centered Properties®. We also believe daily sales of these basic items are less sensitive to fluctuations in the business cycle than higher priced retail items. Our largest tenant represented only 2.5% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2017.
 
We directly manage the operations and leasing of our wholly-owned properties and the 14 Pillarstone Properties pursuant to management agreements. Substantially all of our revenues consist of base rents received under leases that generally have terms that range from less than one year to 15 years. The following table summarizes certain information relating to our properties as of December 31, 2017:
 
Commercial Properties
 
GLA
 
Average
Occupancy as of 
12/31/17
 
Annualized Base
Rental Revenue 
(in thousands) (1)
 
Average
Annualized Base
Rental Revenue
Per Sq. Ft. (2)
Whitestone
 
4,897,822

 
91
%
 
$
79,612

 
$
17.86

Pillarstone (3)
 
1,531,737

 
81
%
 
14,106

 
11.37

Development, New Acquisitions (4)
 
125,393

 
79
%
 
3,193

 
32.23

Total
 
6,554,952

 
88
%
 
$
96,911

 
$
16.80

 
(1)   
Calculated as the tenant's actual December 31, 2017 base rent (defined as cash base rents including abatements) multiplied by 12.  Excludes vacant space as of December 31, 2017.  Because annualized base rental revenue is not derived from historical results that were accounted for in accordance with GAAP, historical results differ from the annualized amounts. Total abatements for leases in effect as of December 31, 2017 equaled approximately $190,000 for the month ended December 31, 2017.
 
(2)   
Calculated as annualized base rent divided by GLA leased as of December 31, 2017.  Excludes vacant space as of December 31, 2017.

(3) 
As of December 31, 2017, we own 81.4% of Pillarstone and fully consolidate it on our financial statements.

(4)
Includes (i) new acquisitions, through the earlier of attainment of 90% occupancy or 18 months of ownership, and (ii) properties that are undergoing significant development, redevelopment or re-tenanting.

Our largest property, BLVD Place, a retail community purchased on May 26, 2017 and located in Houston, Texas, accounted for 7.4% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2017. BLVD also accounted for 16.2% of our consolidated real estate assets, net of accumulated depreciation, for the year ended December 31, 2017.

As of December 31, 2017, approximately $228.7 million of our total debt of $660.9 million was secured by 20 of our wholly-owned or majority interest held properties with a combined net book value of $340.6 million.

Location of Properties
 
Of our 59 wholly-owned properties, 17 are located in the greater Houston metropolitan statistical area.  These 17 properties represent 23% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017. An additional 27 of our wholly-owned properties are located in the greater Phoenix metropolitan statistical area and represent 39% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2017.
 
According to the United States Census Bureau, Houston and Phoenix ranked fifth and twelfth, respectively, in the largest United States metropolitan statistical areas as of July 1, 2016. The following table sets forth information about the unemployment rate in Houston, Phoenix and nationally during the last six months of 2017.
 

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Table of Contents

 
 
July
 
Aug.
 
Sept.
 
Oct.
 
Nov.
 
Dec.
 
National (1)
 
4.3
%
 
4.4
%
 
4.2
%
 
4.1
%
 
4.1
%
 
4.1
%
 
Houston (2)
 
4.9
%
 
5.2
%
 
4.8
%
 
4.1
%
 
4.3
%
 
4.3
%
(3) 
Phoenix (2)
 
4.6
%
 
4.3
%
 
4.0
%
 
3.7
%
 
3.7
%
 
3.9
%
(3) 

(1) 
Seasonally adjusted.
(2) 
Not seasonally adjusted.
(3) 
Represents estimate.
 
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics


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Table of Contents

General Physical and Economic Attributes

The following table sets forth certain information relating to each of our properties owned as of December 31, 2017.
Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries
Property Details
As of December 31, 2017

 
 
Community Name
 
 
 
Location
 
 
Year Built/
Renovated
 
GLA
 
Percent
Occupied at
12/31/2017
 
Annualized Base
Rental Revenue 
(in thousands) (1)
 
Average
Base Rental
Revenue Per
Sq. Ft. (2)
 
Average Net Effective Annual Base Rent Per Leased Sq. Ft.(3)
Whitestone Properties:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ahwatukee Plaza
 
Phoenix
 
1979
 
72,650

 
91
%
 
$
887

 
$
13.42

 
$
12.99

Anthem Marketplace
 
Phoenix
 
2000
 
113,293

 
95
%
 
1,770

 
16.45

 
16.06

Bellnott Square
 
Houston
 
1982
 
73,930

 
36
%
 
318

 
11.95

 
11.91

Bissonnet Beltway
 
Houston
 
1978
 
29,205

 
81
%
 
312

 
13.19

 
13.10

BLVD Place
 
Houston
 
2014
 
216,944

 
100
%
 
8,448

 
38.94

 
41.74

The Citadel
 
Phoenix
 
2013
 
28,547

 
91
%
 
469

 
18.05

 
17.13

City View Village
 
San Antonio
 
2005
 
17,870

 
93
%
 
457

 
27.50

 
29.42

Davenport Village
 
Austin
 
1999
 
128,934

 
93
%
 
3,059

 
25.51

 
25.67

Desert Canyon
 
Phoenix
 
2000
 
62,533

 
87
%
 
766

 
14.08

 
13.90

Eldorado Plaza
 
Dallas
 
2004
 
221,577

 
96
%
 
3,076

 
14.46

 
15.89

Fountain Hills
 
Phoenix
 
2009
 
111,289

 
87
%
 
1,686

 
17.41

 
17.50

Fountain Square
 
Phoenix
 
1986
 
118,209

 
91
%
 
1,854

 
17.24

 
16.75

Fulton Ranch Towne Center
 
Phoenix
 
2005
 
120,575

 
83
%
 
1,654

 
16.53

 
18.29

Gilbert Tuscany Village
 
Phoenix
 
2009
 
49,415

 
95
%
 
842

 
17.94

 
19.00

Gilbert Tuscany Village Hard Corner
 
Phoenix
 
2009
 
14,603

 

 

 

 

Heritage Trace Plaza
 
Dallas
 
2006
 
70,431

 
98
%
 
1,517

 
21.98

 
22.64

Headquarters Village
 
Dallas
 
2009
 
89,134

 
93
%
 
2,374

 
28.64

 
30.06

Keller Place
 
Dallas
 
2001
 
93,541

 
94
%
 
910

 
10.35

 
10.71

Kempwood Plaza
 
Houston
 
1974
 
93,161

 
82
%
 
909

 
11.90

 
11.79

La Mirada
 
Phoenix
 
1997
 
147,209

 
80
%
 
2,412

 
20.48

 
21.59

Lion Square
 
Houston
 
2014
 
117,592

 
96
%
 
1,433

 
12.69

 
12.74

The Marketplace at Central
 
Phoenix
 
2012
 
111,130

 
99
%
 
978

 
8.89

 
8.63

Market Street at DC Ranch
 
Phoenix
 
2003
 
242,459

 
92
%
 
4,425

 
19.84

 
19.76

Mercado at Scottsdale Ranch
 
Phoenix
 
1987
 
118,730

 
84
%
 
1,369

 
13.73

 
16.56

Paradise Plaza
 
Phoenix
 
1983
 
125,898

 
94
%
 
1,511

 
12.77

 
13.22

Parkside Village North
 
Austin
 
2005
 
27,045

 
100
%
 
797

 
29.47

 
29.84

Parkside Village South
 
Austin
 
2012
 
90,101

 
100
%
 
2,307

 
25.60

 
26.65

Pima Norte
 
Phoenix
 
2007
 
35,110

 
66
%
 
400

 
17.26

 
18.08

Pinnacle of Scottsdale
 
Phoenix
 
1991
 
113,108

 
100
%
 
2,366

 
20.92

 
21.58

Pinnacle Phase II
 
Phoenix
 
2017
 
27,063

 
91
%
 
673

 
27.33

 
28.99

The Promenade at Fulton Ranch
 
Phoenix
 
2007
 
98,792

 
64
%
 
1,110

 
17.56

 
17.81

Providence
 
Houston
 
1980
 
90,327

 
96
%
 
820

 
9.46

 
9.62

Quinlan Crossing
 
Austin
 
2012
 
109,892

 
88
%
 
2,068

 
21.38

 
22.44

Shaver
 
Houston
 
1978
 
21,926

 
100
%
 
307

 
14.00

 
14.05

Shops at Pecos Ranch
 
Phoenix
 
2009
 
78,767

 
100
%
 
1,620

 
20.57

 
20.59

Shops at Starwood
 
Dallas
 
2006
 
55,385

 
87
%
 
1,351

 
28.04

 
30.18

The Shops at Williams Trace
 
Houston
 
1985
 
132,991

 
96
%
 
1,898

 
14.87

 
15.11

South Richey
 
Houston
 
1980
 
69,928

 
95
%
 
693

 
10.43

 
10.42

Spoerlein Commons
 
Chicago
 
1987
 
41,455

 
77
%
 
687

 
21.52

 
21.12

The Strand at Huebner Oaks
 
San Antonio
 
2000
 
73,920

 
96
%
 
1,536

 
21.65

 
21.93

SugarPark Plaza
 
Houston
 
1974
 
95,032

 
100
%
 
1,151

 
12.11

 
11.83

Sunridge
 
Houston
 
1979
 
49,359

 
83
%
 
458

 
11.18

 
11.96

Sunset at Pinnacle Peak
 
Phoenix
 
2000
 
41,530

 
89
%
 
636

 
17.21

 
16.53

Terravita Marketplace
 
Phoenix
 
1997
 
102,733

 
95
%
 
1,412

 
14.47

 
14.36


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Table of Contents

 Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries
Property Details
As of December 31, 2017
(continued)

 
 
Community Name
 
 
 
Location
 
 
Year Built/
Renovated
 
GLA
 
Percent
Occupied at
12/31/2017
 
Annualized Base
Rental Revenue 
(in thousands) (1)
 
Average
Base Rental
Revenue Per
Sq. Ft. (2)
 
Average Net Effective Annual Base Rent Per Leased Sq. Ft.(3)
Torrey Square
 
Houston
 
1983
 
105,766

 
83
%
 
749

 
8.53

 
8.79

Town Park
 
Houston
 
1978
 
43,526

 
100
%
 
913

 
20.98

 
20.65

Village Square at Dana Park
 
Phoenix
 
2009
 
323,026

 
91
%
 
6,152

 
20.93

 
20.89

Westchase
 
Houston
 
1978
 
50,332

 
84
%
 
624

 
14.76

 
14.10

Williams Trace Plaza
 
Houston
 
1983
 
129,222

 
92
%
 
1,763

 
14.83

 
14.85

Windsor Park
 
San Antonio
 
2012
 
196,458

 
97
%
 
2,123

 
11.14

 
10.69

Woodlake Plaza
 
Houston
 
1974
 
106,169

 
88
%
 
1,562

 
16.72

 
16.56

Total/Weighted Average - Whitestone Properties
 
 
 
 
 
4,897,822

 
91
%
 
79,612

 
17.86

 
18.31

Whitestone Development Properties:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Seville
 
Phoenix
 
1990
 
90,042

 
82
%
 
$
2,442

 
$
33.07

 
$
34.05

Shops at Starwood Phase III
 
Dallas
 
2016
 
35,351

 
71
%
 
751

 
29.92

 
38.33

Total/Weighted Average - Whitestone Development Properties (5)
 
 
 
 
 
125,393

 
79
%
 
3,193

 
32.23

 
35.09

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total/Weighted Average - Whitestone Properties
 
 
 
 
 
5,023,215

 
90
%
 
82,805

 
18.32

 
18.82

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pillarstone Properties:(4)
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
  
 
  
 
 
9101 LBJ Freeway
 
Dallas
 
1985
 
125,874

 
75
%
 
$
1,401

 
$
14.84

 
$
14.02

Corporate Park Northwest
 
Houston
 
1981
 
174,359

 
79
%
 
1,805

 
13.10

 
13.12

Corporate Park West
 
Houston
 
1999
 
175,665

 
78
%
 
1,540

 
11.24

 
11.27

Corporate Park Woodland
 
Houston
 
2000
 
99,937

 
97
%
 
1,003

 
10.35

 
10.76

Corporate Park Woodland II
 
Houston
 
2000
 
16,220

 
88
%
 
167

 
11.70

 
15.55

Dairy Ashford
 
Houston
 
1981
 
42,902

 
37
%
 
110

 
6.93

 
7.56

Holly Hall Industrial Park
 
Houston
 
1980
 
90,000

 
91
%
 
642

 
7.84

 
7.34

Holly Knight
 
Houston
 
1984
 
20,015

 
100
%
 
375

 
18.74

 
18.94

Interstate 10 Warehouse
 
Houston
 
1980
 
151,000

 
86
%
 
579

 
4.46

 
4.60

Main Park
 
Houston
 
1982
 
113,410

 
79
%
 
540

 
6.03

 
6.69

Plaza Park
 
Houston
 
1982
 
105,530

 
64
%
 
580

 
8.59

 
8.28

Uptown Tower
 
Dallas
 
1982
 
253,981

 
81
%
 
4,152

 
20.18

 
20.12

Westbelt Plaza
 
Houston
 
1978
 
65,619

 
67
%
 
492

 
11.19

 
10.78

Westgate Service Center
 
Houston
 
1984
 
97,225

 
99
%
 
720

 
7.48

 
7.46

Total/Weighted Average - Pillarstone Properties
 
 
 
 
 
1,531,737

 
81
%
 
14,106

 
11.37

 
11.39

Properties Held for Development:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Anthem Marketplace
 
Phoenix
 
N/A
 

 

 
$

 
$

 
$

BLVD Phase II-B
 
Houston
 
N/A
 

 

 

 

 

Dana Park Development
 
Phoenix
 
N/A
 

 

 

 

 

Eldorado Plaza Development
 
Dallas
 
N/A
 

 

 

 

 

Fountain Hills
 
Phoenix
 
N/A
 

 

 

 

 

Market Street at DC Ranch
 
Phoenix
 
N/A
 

 

 

 

 

Total/Weighted Average - Properties Held For Development (6)
 
 
 
 
 

 

 

 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Grand Total/Weighted Average
 
 
 
 
 
6,554,952

 
88
%
 
$
96,911

 
$
16.80

 
$
17.20

 
(1)   
Calculated as the tenant's actual December 31, 2017 base rent (defined as cash base rents including abatements) multiplied by 12. Excludes vacant space as of December 31, 2017. Because annualized base rental revenue is not derived from historical results that were accounted for in accordance with GAAP, historical results differ from the annualized amounts. Total abatements for leases in effect as of December 31, 2017 equaled approximately $190,000 for the month ended December 31, 2017.
 

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(2)   
Calculated as annualized base rent divided by GLA leased as of December 31, 2017.  Excludes vacant space as of December 31, 2017.

(3) 
Represents (i) the contractual base rent for leases in place as of December 31, 2017, adjusted to a straight-line basis to reflect changes in rental rates throughout the lease term and amortize free rent periods and abatements, but without regard to tenant improvement allowances and leasing commissions, divided by (ii) square footage under commenced leases as of December 31, 2017.

(4) 
As of December 31, 2017, we own 81.4% of Pillarstone and fully consolidate it on our financial statements.

(5) 
Includes (i) new acquisitions, through the earlier of attainment of 90% occupancy or 18 months of ownership, and (ii) properties that are undergoing significant development, redevelopment or re-tenanting.

(6) 
As of December 31, 2017, these parcels of land were held for development and, therefore, had no GLA.

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Table of Contents

Significant Tenants
 
The following table sets forth information about our 15 largest tenants as of December 31, 2017, based upon consolidated annualized rental revenues at December 31, 2017.

Tenant Name
 
Location
 
Annualized Rental Revenue (in thousands)
 
Percentage of Total Annualized Base Rental Revenues (1)
 
Initial Lease Date
 
Year Expiring
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Safeway Stores Incorporated (2)
 
Austin, Houston and Phoenix
 
$
2,447

 
2.5
%
 
11/14/1982, 5/8/1991, 7/1/2000, 4/1/2014, 4/1/2014 and 10/19/16
 
2020, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2024 and 2034
Whole Foods Market
 
Houston
 
2,042

 
2.1
%
 
9/3/2014
 
2035
Frost Bank
 
Houston
 
1,845

 
1.9
%
 
7/1/2014
 
2024
Newmark Real Estate of Houston LLC
 
Houston
 
1,164

 
1.2
%
 
10/1/2015
 
2026
Bashas' Inc. (3)
 
Phoenix
 
936

 
1.0
%
 
10/9/2004 and 4/1/2009
 
2024 and 2029
Walgreens & Co. (4)
 
Houston and Phoenix
 
927

 
1.0
%
 
11/14/1982, 11/2/1987, 8/24/1996 and 11/3/1996
 
2022, 2027, 2049 and 2056
Verizon Wireless (5)
 
Houston and Phoenix
 
870

 
0.9
%
 
8/16/1994, 2/1/2004, 5/10/2004, 1/27/2006 and 5/1/2014
 
2018, 2018, 2019, 2022 and 2024
Dollar Tree (6)
 
Houston and Phoenix
 
729

 
0.8
%
 
3/1/1998, 8/10/1999, 6/29/2001, 11/8/2009, 12/17/2009, 4/4/2011 and 5/21/2013
 
2020, 2020, 2021, 2021, 2022, 2023 and 2027
Alamo Drafthouse Cinema
 
Austin
 
690

 
0.7
%
 
2/1/2012
 
2027
Wells Fargo & Company (7)
 
Phoenix
 
681

 
0.7
%
 
10/24/1996 and 4/16/1999
 
2018 and 2022
University of Phoenix
 
San Antonio
 
541

 
0.6
%
 
10/18/2010
 
2018
Kroger Co.
 
Dallas
 
483

 
0.5
%
 
12/15/2000
 
2022
Ross Dress for Less, Inc. (8)
 
Houston, Phoenix and San Antonio
 
472

 
0.5
%
 
2/11/2009, 6/18/2012 and 2/7/2013
 
2020, 2023 and 2023
Ruth's Chris Steak House Inc.
 
Phoenix
 
466

 
0.5
%
 
1/1/1991
 
2020
Paul's Ace Hardware
 
Phoenix
 
460

 
0.5
%
 
3/1/2008
 
2023
 
 
 
 
$
14,753

 
15.4
%
 
 
 
 

 (1) 
Annualized Base Rental Revenues represents the monthly base rent as of December 31, 2017 for each applicable tenant multiplied by 12.


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Table of Contents

(2) 
As of December 31, 2017, we had six leases with the same tenant occupying space at properties located in Phoenix, Houston and Austin. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on April 1, 2014, and is scheduled to expire in 2034, was $997,000, which represents approximately 1.0% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on April 1, 2014, and is scheduled to expire in 2024, was $42,000, which represents less than 0.1% of our annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on May 8, 1991, and is scheduled to expire in 2021, was $344,000, which represents approximately 0.4% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on July 1, 2000, and is scheduled to expire in 2020, was $321,000, which represents approximately 0.3% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on November 14, 1982, and is scheduled to expire in 2022, was $318,000, which represents approximately 0.3% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on October 19, 2016, and is scheduled to expire in 2020, was $425,000, which represents approximately 0.4% of our total annualized base rental revenue.

(3) 
As of December 31, 2017, we had two leases with the same tenant occupying space at properties located in Phoenix. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on October 9, 2004, and is scheduled to expire in 2024, was $232,000, which represents approximately 0.3% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on April 1, 2009, and is scheduled to expire in 2029, was $704,000, which represents approximately 0.7% of our total annualized base rental revenue.

(4) 
As of December 31, 2017, we had four leases with the same tenant occupying space at properties located in Phoenix and Houston. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on November 3, 1996, and is scheduled to expire in 2049, was $279,000, which represents approximately 0.3% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on November 2, 1987, and is scheduled to expire in 2027, was $169,000, which represents approximately 0.2% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on November 14, 1982, and is scheduled to expire in 2022, was $181,000, which represents approximately 0.2% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on August 24, 1996, and is scheduled to expire in 2056, was $298,000, which represents approximately 0.3% of our total annualized rental revenue.

(5) 
As of December 31, 2017, we had five leases with the same tenant occupying space at properties located in Phoenix and Houston. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on August 16, 1994, and is scheduled to expire in 2018, was $21,000, which represents less than 0.1% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on January 27, 2006, and is scheduled to expire in 2018, was $126,000, which represents approximately 0.1% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on February 1, 2004, and is scheduled to expire in 2019, was $36,000, which represents less than 0.1% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on May 1, 2014, and is scheduled to expire in 2024, was $681,000, which represents approximately 0.7% of our total annualized rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on May 10, 2004, and is scheduled to expire in 2022, was $6,000, which represents less than 0.1% of our total annualized base rental revenue.

(6) 
As of December 31, 2017, we had seven leases with the same tenant occupying space at properties in Houston and Phoenix. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on March 1, 1998, and is scheduled to expire in 2022, was $59,000, which represents less than 0.1% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on August 10, 1999, and is scheduled to expire in 2020, was $77,000, which represents approximately 0.1% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on December 17, 2009, and is scheduled to expire in 2020, was $110,000, which represents approximately 0.1% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on June 29, 2001, and is scheduled to expire in 2021, was $145,000, which represents approximately 0.2% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on April 4, 2011, and is scheduled to expire in 2021, was $77,000, which represents approximately 0.1% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on May 21, 2013, and is scheduled to expire in 2023, was $110,000, which represents approximately 0.1% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on November 8, 2009, and is scheduled to expire in 2027, was $151,000, which represents approximately 0.2% of our total annualized base rental revenue.

(7) 
As of December 31, 2017, we had two leases with the same tenant occupying space at properties located in Phoenix. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on October 24, 1996, and is scheduled to expire in 2022, was $131,000, which represents approximately 0.1% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on April 16, 1999, and is scheduled to expire in 2018, was $550,000, which represents approximately 0.6% of our total annualized base rental revenue.

(8) 
As of December 31, 2017, we had three leases with the same tenant occupying space at properties located in San Antonio, Phoenix and Houston. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on June 18, 2012, and is scheduled to expire in 2023, was $175,000, which represents approximately 0.2% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on February 11, 2009, and is scheduled to expire in 2020, was $187,000, which represents approximately 0.2% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on February 7, 2013, and is scheduled to expire in 2023, was $110,000, which represents approximately 0.1% of our total annualized base rental revenue.

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Table of Contents



Lease Expirations
 
The following table lists, on an aggregate basis, all of our consolidated scheduled lease expirations over the next 10 years.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Annualized Base Rent
 
 
 
 
GLA
 
as of December 31, 2017
Year
 
Number of
Leases
 
Approximate
Square Feet
 
Percent of
Total
 
Amount
(in thousands)
 
Percent of
Total
2018
 
490

 
1,144,870

 
17.5
%
 
$
17,419

 
18.0
%
2019
 
281

 
760,124

 
11.6
%
 
13,637

 
14.1
%
2020
 
262

 
983,868

 
15.0
%
 
15,022

 
15.5
%
2021
 
205

 
631,290

 
9.6
%
 
10,945

 
11.3
%
2022
 
192

 
736,363

 
11.2
%
 
11,987

 
12.4
%
2023
 
72

 
308,493

 
4.7
%
 
4,421

 
4.6
%
2024
 
51

 
416,292

 
6.4
%
 
7,468

 
7.7
%
2025
 
35

 
148,490

 
2.3
%
 
3,093

 
3.2
%
2026
 
21

 
164,033

 
2.5
%
 
3,199

 
3.3
%
2027
 
31

 
201,148

 
3.1
%
 
3,970

 
4.1
%
Total
 
1,640

 
5,494,971

 
83.9
%
 
$
91,161

 
94.2
%

Insurance
 
We believe that we have property and liability insurance with reputable, commercially rated companies.  We also believe that our insurance policies contain commercially reasonable deductibles and limits, adequate to cover our properties.  We expect to maintain this type of insurance coverage and to obtain similar coverage with respect to any additional properties we acquire in the near future.  Further, we have title insurance relating to our properties in an aggregate amount that we believe to be adequate.
 
Item 3.  Legal Proceedings.
 
We are a participant in various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of our business.  These matters are generally covered by insurance.  While the resolution of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that the final outcome of these matters will not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
 
Item 4.  Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.


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Table of Contents

PART II
 
Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
 
Market Information
 
Common Shares

Our common shares are traded on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “WSR.” As of March 1, 2018, we had 39,223,591 common shares of beneficial interest outstanding held by a total of 1,221 shareholders of record.

The following table sets forth the quarterly high, low and closing prices per share of our common shares for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 as reported on the NYSE.

For the Year Ended December 31, 2017
 
High
 
Low
 
Close
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
First Quarter
 
$
14.78

 
$
12.89

 
$
13.84

Second Quarter
 
$
14.50

 
$
10.80

 
$
12.25

Third Quarter
 
$
13.96

 
$
11.82

 
$
13.05

Fourth Quarter
 
$
15.15

 
$
12.97

 
$
14.41

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the Year Ended December 31, 2016
 
High
 
Low
 
Close
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
First Quarter
 
$
12.74

 
$
9.44

 
$
12.57

Second Quarter
 
$
15.15

 
$
12.35

 
$
15.08

Third Quarter
 
$
16.30

 
$
13.41

 
$
13.88

Fourth Quarter
 
$
14.41

 
$
12.13

 
$
14.38


On March 2, 2018, the closing price of our common shares reported on the NYSE was $10.86 per share.

Distributions
 
U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute annually to its shareholders at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and that it pay tax at regular corporate rates on any taxable income that it does not distribute. We currently, and intend to continue to, accrue distributions quarterly and make distributions in three monthly installments following the end of each quarter. For a discussion of our cash flow as compared to dividends, see “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

The timing and frequency of our distributions are authorized and declared by our board of trustees in exercise of its business judgment based upon a number of factors, including:

our funds from operations;
our debt service requirements;
our capital expenditure requirements for our properties;
our taxable income, combined with the annual distribution requirements necessary to maintain REIT qualification;
requirements of Maryland law;
our overall financial condition; and
other factors deemed relevant by our board of trustees.

Any distributions we make will be at the discretion of our board of trustees and we cannot provide assurance that our distributions will be made or sustained in the future.


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Table of Contents

The following table reflects the total distributions we have paid (including the total amount paid and the amount paid per share/unit) in each indicated quarter (in thousands, except per share/unit data):

 
 
Common Shares
 
Noncontrolling OP Unit Holders
 
Total
Quarter Paid
 
Distributions Per Common Share
 
Total Amount Paid
 
Distributions Per OP Unit
 
Total Amount Paid
 
Total Amount Paid
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fourth Quarter
 
$
0.2850

 
$
11,002

 
$
0.2850

 
$
309

 
$
11,311

Third Quarter
 
0.2850

 
10,948

 
0.2850

 
309

 
11,257

Second Quarter
 
0.2850

 
10,093

 
0.2850

 
310

 
10,403

First Quarter
 
0.2850

 
8,429

 
0.2850

 
313

 
8,742

Total
 
$
1.1400

 
$
40,472

 
$
1.1400

 
$
1,241

 
$
41,713

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fourth Quarter
 
$
0.2850

 
$
8,305

 
$
0.2850

 
$
314

 
$
8,619

Third Quarter
 
0.2850

 
8,109

 
0.2850

 
138

 
8,247

Second Quarter
 
0.2850

 
7,786

 
0.2850

 
138

 
7,924

First Quarter
 
0.2850

 
7,711

 
0.2850

 
139

 
7,850

Total
 
$
1.1400

 
$
31,911

 
$
1.1400

 
$
729

 
$
32,640


Equity Compensation Plan Information
 
Please refer to Item 12 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information concerning securities authorized under our equity incentive plan.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

During the three months ended December 31, 2017, certain of our employees tendered owned common shares to satisfy the tax withholding on the lapse of certain restrictions on restricted common shares issued under our 2008 Long-Term Equity Incentive Ownership Plan (the “2008 Plan”). The following table summarized all of these repurchases during the three months ended December 31, 2017.

Period
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased (1)
 
Average Price Paid for Shares
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
 
Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
October 1, 2017 through October 31, 2017
 
84,195

 
$
13.05

 
N/A
 
N/A
November 1, 2017 through November 30, 2017
 

 

 
N/A
 
N/A
December 1, 2017 through December 31, 2017
 
86,917

 
14.41

 
N/A
 
N/A
      Total
 
171,112

 
$
13.74

 
 
 
 

(1)    The number of shares purchased represents common shares held by employees who tendered owned common shares to satisfy the tax withholding on the lapse of certain restrictions on restricted common shares issued under the 2008 Plan. With respect to these shares, the price paid per share is based on the fair market value at the time of tender.


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Table of Contents


Performance Graph

The following graph compares the total shareholder returns of the Company's common shares to the Standard & Poor's 500 Index (“S&P 500 Index”) and to the Morgan Stanley Capital International US REIT Index (“REIT Index”) from December 31, 2012 to December 31, 2017. The graph assumes that the value of the investment in our common shares and in the S&P 500 Index and REIT Index was $100 at December 31, 2012 and that all dividends were reinvested. The closing price of our common shares on December 31, 2012 (on which the graph is based) was $14.05. The past shareholder return shown on the following graph is not necessarily indicative of future performance. The performance graph and related information shall not be deemed “filed” with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing, except to the extent the Company specifically incorporates it by reference into such filing.

a2017totalreturna01.jpg

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Table of Contents

Item 6.  Selected Financial Data.
 
The following table sets forth our selected consolidated financial information and should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, both of which appear elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Operating Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
$
125,959

 
$
104,437

 
$
93,416

 
$
72,382

 
$
60,492

Property expenses
 
42,110

 
34,092

 
31,335

 
25,152

 
22,678

General and administrative
 
23,949

 
23,922

 
20,312

 
15,274

 
10,912

Depreciation and amortization
 
27,240

 
22,457

 
19,761

 
15,725

 
13,100

Interest expense
 
23,651

 
19,239

 
14,910

 
10,579

 
9,975

Interest, dividend and other investment income
 
(410
)
 
(429
)
 
(313
)
 
(90
)
 
(136
)
Income from continuing operations before loss on disposal of assets and income taxes
 
9,419

 
5,156

 
7,411


5,742

 
3,963

Provision for income taxes
 
(386
)
 
(289
)
 
(372
)
 
(282
)
 
(293
)
Gain on sale of property
 
16

 
3,357

 

 

 

Loss on disposal of assets
 
(183
)
 
(96
)
 
(185
)
 
(111
)
 
(49
)
Income from continuing operations
 
8,866

 
8,128

 
6,854

 
5,349

 
3,621

Income from discontinued operations
 

 

 
11

 
510

 
298

Gain on sale of properties from discontinued operations
 

 

 

 
1,887

 

Net income
 
8,866

 
8,128

 
6,865

 
7,746

 
3,919

Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
532

 
197

 
116

 
160

 
125

Net income attributable to Whitestone REIT
 
$
8,334

 
$
7,931

 
$
6,749

 
$
7,586

 
$
3,794

 

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Table of Contents

 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Earnings per share - basic
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations attributable to Whitestone REIT excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares
 
$
0.22

 
$
0.26

 
$
0.25

 
$
0.23

 
$
0.19

Income from discontinued operations attributable to Whitestone REIT
 
0.00

 
0.00

 
0.00

 
0.10

 
0.02

Net income attributable to common shareholders excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares
 
$
0.22

 
$
0.26

 
$
0.25

 
$
0.33

 
$
0.21

Earnings per share - diluted
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Income from continuing operations attributable to Whitestone REIT excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares
 
$
0.22

 
$
0.26

 
$
0.24

 
$
0.22

 
$
0.19

Income from discontinued operations attributable to Whitestone REIT
 
0.00

 
0.00

 
0.00

 
0.10

 
0.01

Net income attributable to common shareholders excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares
 
$
0.22

 
$
0.26

 
$
0.24

 
$
0.32

 
$
0.20

Balance Sheet Data:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Real estate (net)
 
$
1,018,420

 
$
813,052

 
$
745,958

 
$
602,068

 
$
474,760

Real estate (net), discontinued operations
 

 

 

 

 
5,506

Other assets
 
53,312

 
42,157

 
36,127

 
30,137

 
26,446

Total assets
 
$
1,071,732

 
$
855,209

 
$
782,085

 
$
632,205

 
$
506,712

Liabilities
 
$
713,414

 
$
587,566

 
$
535,094

 
$
418,882

 
$
285,797

Whitestone REIT shareholders' equity
 
347,604

 
255,687

 
242,974

 
210,072

 
215,818

Noncontrolling interest in subsidiary
 
10,714

 
11,956

 
4,017

 
3,251

 
5,097

 
 
$
1,071,732


$
855,209

 
$
782,085

 
$
632,205

 
$
506,712

Other Data:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proceeds from issuance of common shares
 
$
118,412

 
$
30,014

 
$
49,649

 
$
6,458

 
$
63,887

Acquisitions of and additions to real estate (1)
 
231,120

 
91,785

 
163,050

 
142,065

 
137,024

Distributions per share (2)
 
1.13

 
1.13

 
1.13

 
1.13

 
1.12

Funds from operations (3)
 
35,039

 
27,031

 
26,696

 
21,920

 
17,314

Total occupancy at year end
 
88
%
 
87
%
 
87
%
 
87
%
 
87
%
Average aggregate GLA
 
6,403

 
5,837

 
5,734

 
5,075

 
4,537

Average rent per square foot
 
$
16.81

 
$
15.45

 
$
14.62

 
$
13.57

 
$
12.60

(1)  Including amounts for discontinued operations.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(2)  The distributions per share represent total cash payments divided by weighted average common shares.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(3)  We believe that Funds From Operations (“FFO”) is an appropriate supplemental measure of operating performance because it helps our investors compare our operating performance relative to other REITs.  The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) defines FFO as net income (loss) available to common shareholders computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses from sales of operating properties and extraordinary items, plus depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, including our share of unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures.  We calculate FFO in a manner consistent with the NAREIT definition. For more information, see “Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”
    

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Table of Contents

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of net income to FFO, the nearest GAAP measure, for the periods presented:
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
2014
 
2013
Net income attributable to Whitestone REIT
 
$
8,334

 
$
7,931

 
$
6,749

 
$
7,586

 
$
3,794

  Adjustments to reconcile to FFO:(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Depreciation and amortization of real estate assets (2)
 
26,290

 
22,179

 
19,646

 
15,950

 
13,339

     Loss (gain) on sale or disposal of assets (2)
 
161

 
(3,261
)
 
185

 
(1,776
)
 
56

     Net income attributable to redeemable operating partnership units (2)
 
254

 
182

 
116

 
160

 
125

FFO
 
$
35,039

 
$
27,031

 
$
26,696

 
$
21,920

 
$
17,314


(1) Includes pro-rata share attributable to Pillarstone in 2017.
 
(2) Including amounts for discontinued operations.


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Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
 
You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.  For more detailed information regarding the basis of presentation for the following information, you should read the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
Overview of Our Company
 
We are a fully integrated real estate company that owns and operates commercial properties in culturally diverse markets in major metropolitan areas.  Founded in 1998, we are internally managed with a portfolio of commercial properties in Texas, Arizona and Illinois.
 
In October 2006, our current management team joined the Company and adopted a strategic plan to acquire, redevelop, own and operate Community Centered Properties®.  We define Community Centered Properties® as visibly located properties in established or developing culturally diverse neighborhoods in our target markets.  We market, lease, and manage our centers to match tenants with the shared needs of the surrounding neighborhood.  Those needs may include specialty retail, grocery, restaurants and medical, educational and financial services.  Our goal is for each property to become a Whitestone-branded retail community that serves a neighboring five-mile radius around our property.  We employ and develop a diverse group of associates who understand the needs of our multicultural communities and tenants.

As of December 31, 2017, we owned or had a majority interest in 73 commercial properties consisting of:

Consolidated Operating Portfolio
51 wholly-owned properties that meet our Community Centered Properties® strategy containing approximately 4.9 million square feet of GLA and having a total carrying amount (net of accumulated depreciation) of $898.9 million; and
as a result of the Contribution (as defined below), a majority interest in 14 consolidated properties that do not meet our Community Centered Properties® strategy containing approximately 1.5 million square feet of GLA and having a total carrying amount (net of accumulated depreciation) of $59.5 million; and
Redevelopment, New Acquisitions Portfolio
two retail properties that meet our Community Centered Properties® strategy containing approximately 0.1 million square feet of GLA and having a total carrying amount (net of accumulated depreciation) of $43.0 million; and
six parcels of land held for future development that meet our Community Centered Properties® strategy having a total carrying amount of $17.0 million.
As of December 31, 2017, we had an aggregate of 1,664 tenants.  We have a diversified tenant base with our largest tenant comprising only 2.5% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2017.  Lease terms for our properties range from less than one year for smaller tenants to more than 15 years for larger tenants.  Our leases generally include minimum monthly lease payments and tenant reimbursements for taxes, insurance and maintenance.  We completed 366 new and renewal leases during 2017, totaling 991,308 square feet and $71.2 million in total lease value.
 
We employed 103 full-time employees as of December 31, 2017.  As an internally managed REIT, we bear our own expenses of operations, including the salaries, benefits and other compensation of our employees, office expenses, legal, accounting and investor relations expenses and other overhead costs.
 

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How We Derive Our Revenue
 
Substantially all of our revenue is derived from rents received from leases at our properties. We had rental income and tenant reimbursements of approximately $125,959,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $104,437,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of $21,522,000, or 21%. The year ended December 31, 2017 included $17,057,000 in increased revenues from Non-Same Store operations and $181,000 in increased revenues from our Consolidated Partnership. We define “Non-Same Stores” as properties acquired since the beginning of the period being compared and properties that have been sold, but not classified as discontinued operations. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, Same Store revenues increased $4,284,000. We define “Same Stores” as properties owned during the entire period being compared. For purposes of comparing the year ended December 31, 2017 to the year ended December 31, 2016, Same Stores include properties owned from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016. Same Store average occupancy increased from 89.0% for the year ended December 31, 2016 to 89.5% for the year ended December 31, 2017. Same Store revenue rate per average leased square foot increased $0.81 for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $23.49 per average leased square foot as compared to the year ended December 31, 2016 revenue rate per average leased square foot of $22.68, increasing Same Store revenue by $3,143,000. The revenue rate per average leased square feet is calculated by dividing the total revenue by the average square feet leased during the period.

Known Trends in Our Operations; Outlook for Future Results
 
Rental Income
 
We expect our rental income to increase year-over-year due to the addition of properties and rent increases on renewal leases. The amount of net rental income generated by our properties depends principally on our ability to maintain the occupancy rates of currently leased space and to lease currently available space, newly acquired properties with vacant space, and space available from unscheduled lease terminations. The amount of rental income we generate also depends on our ability to maintain or increase rental rates in our submarkets. Over the past three years, we have seen modest improvement in the overall economy in our markets, which has allowed us to maintain overall occupancy rates, with slight increases in occupancy at certain of our properties, and to recognize modest increases in rental rates. We expect this trend to continue in 2018.
 
Scheduled Lease Expirations
 
We tend to lease space to smaller businesses that desire shorter term leases. As of December 31, 2017, approximately 29% of our GLA was subject to leases that expire prior to December 31, 2019.  Over the last three years, we have renewed expiring leases with respect to approximately 78% of our GLA. We routinely seek to renew leases with our existing tenants prior to their expiration and typically begin discussions with tenants as early as 18 months prior to the expiration date of the existing lease. Inasmuch as our early renewal program and other leasing and marketing efforts target these expiring leases, we hope to re-lease most of that space prior to expiration of the leases. In the markets in which we operate, we obtain and analyze market rental rates through review of third-party publications, which provide market and submarket rental rate data and through inquiry of property owners and property management companies as to rental rates being quoted at properties that are located in close proximity to our properties and we believe display similar physical attributes as our nearby properties. We use this data to negotiate leases with new tenants and renew leases with our existing tenants at rates we believe to be competitive in the markets for our individual properties. Due to the short term nature of our leases, and based upon our analysis of market rental rates, we believe that, in the aggregate, our current leases are at market rates. Market conditions, including new supply of properties, and macroeconomic conditions in our markets and nationally affecting tenant income, such as employment levels, business conditions, interest rates, tax rates, fuel and energy costs and other matters, could adversely impact our renewal rate and/or the rental rates we are able to negotiate. We continue to monitor our tenants' operating performances as well as overall economic trends to evaluate any future negative impact on our renewal rates and rental rates, which could adversely affect our cash flow and ability to make distributions to our shareholders.
 
Acquisitions
 
We have continued to successfully grow our GLA through the acquisition of additional properties, and we expect to actively pursue and consummate additional acquisitions in the foreseeable future. We believe that over the next few years we will continue to have excellent opportunities to acquire quality properties at historically attractive prices. We have extensive relationships with community banks, attorneys, title companies and others in the real estate industry, which we believe enables us to take advantage of these market opportunities and maintain an active acquisition pipeline.


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General and Administrative Expenses

On December 29, 2017, a shareholder of the Company notified us of its intention to nominate three trustees to our board of trustees at our 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders. Our board of trustees and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee continue to evaluate the proposed nominees. The process of this evaluation and any potential outcome could result in an increase in our general and administrative expenses compared to prior periods.

Property Acquisitions and Dispositions
 
We seek to acquire commercial properties in high-growth markets. Our acquisition targets are properties that fit our Community Centered Properties® strategy.  We define Community Centered Properties® as visibly located properties in established or developing, culturally diverse neighborhoods in our target markets, primarily in and around Phoenix, Chicago, Dallas, Fort Worth, San Antonio and Houston.  We may acquire properties in other high growth cities in the future. We market, lease and manage our centers to match tenants with the shared needs of the surrounding neighborhood.  Those needs may include specialty retail, grocery, restaurants and medical, educational and financial services.  Our goal is for each property to become a Whitestone-branded business center or retail community that serves a neighboring five-mile radius around our property.

Property Dispositions. We seek to continually upgrade our portfolio by opportunistically selling properties that do not have the potential to meet our Community Centered Property® strategy and redeploying the sale proceeds into properties that better fit our strategy. Some of our properties that we owned at the time our current management team assumed the management of the Company may not fit our Community Centered Property® strategy, and we may look for opportunities to dispose of these properties as we continue to execute our strategy. For example, in December 2014, we sold three suburban office properties in Clear Lake, Texas that were part of the Legacy Portfolio, and in 2016, we sold three additional properties in the greater Houston area.
 
On December 8, 2016, we, through our Operating Partnership, entered into a Contribution Agreement (the “Contribution Agreement”) with Pillarstone and Pillarstone REIT pursuant to which we contributed all of the equity interests in four of our wholly-owned subsidiaries: Whitestone CP Woodland Ph. 2, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“CP Woodland”); Whitestone Industrial-Office, LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“Industrial-Office”); Whitestone Offices, LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“Whitestone Offices”); and Whitestone Uptown Tower, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Uptown Tower”, and together with CP Woodland, Industrial-Office and Whitestone Offices, the “Entities”) that own 14 Non-Core Properties that do not fit our Community Centered Property® strategy, to Pillarstone for aggregate consideration of approximately $84.0 million, consisting of (1) approximately $18.1 million Class A units representing limited partnership interests in Pillarstone (“Pillarstone OP Units”), issued at a price of $1.331 per Pillarstone OP Unit; and (2) the assumption of approximately $65.9 million of liabilities, consisting of (a) approximately $15.5 million of our liability under the Facility (see Note 9 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements); (b) an approximately $16.3 million promissory note of Uptown Tower under the Loan Agreement, dated as of September 26, 2013, between Uptown Tower, as borrower, and U.S. Bank, National Association, as successor to Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC, as lender; and (c) an approximately $34.1 million promissory note (the “Industrial-Office Promissory Note”) of Industrial-Office issued under the Loan Agreement, dated as of November 26, 2013 (the “Industrial-Office Loan Agreement”), between Industrial-Office, as borrower, and Jackson National Life Insurance Company, as lender (collectively, the “Contribution”).

In connection with the Contribution, on December 8, 2016, the Operating Partnership entered into an OP Unit Purchase Agreement (the “OP Unit Purchase Agreement”) with Pillarstone REIT and Pillarstone pursuant to which the Operating Partnership agreed to purchase up to an aggregate of $3.0 million of Pillarstone OP Units at a price of $1.331 per Pillarstone OP Unit over the two-year term of the OP Unit Purchase Agreement on the terms set forth therein. The OP Unit Purchase Agreement contains customary closing conditions and the parties have made certain customary representations, warranties and indemnifications to each other in the OP Unit Purchase Agreement. In addition, pursuant to the OP Unit Purchase Agreement, in the event of a Change of Control (as defined therein) of the Company, Pillarstone shall have the right, but not the obligation, to repurchase the Pillarstone OP Units issued thereunder from the Operating Partnership at their initial issue price of $1.331 per Pillarstone OP Unit.


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In connection with the Contribution, (1) with respect to each Non-Core Property (other than Uptown Tower), Whitestone TRS, Inc., a subsidiary of the Company (“Whitestone TRS”), entered into a Management Agreement with the Entity that owns such Non-Core Property and (2) with respect to Uptown Tower, Whitestone TRS entered into a Management Agreement with Pillarstone (collectively, the “Management Agreements”). Pursuant to the Management Agreements with respect to each Non-Core Property (other than Uptown Tower), Whitestone TRS agreed to provide certain property management, leasing and day-to-day advisory and administrative services to such Non-Core Property in exchange for (x) a monthly property management fee equal to 5.0% of the monthly revenues of such Non-Core Property and (y) a monthly asset management fee equal to 0.125% of GAV (as defined in each Management Agreement as, generally, the purchase price of the respective Non-Core Property based upon the purchase price allocations determined pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, excluding all indebtedness, liabilities or claims of any nature) of such Non-Core Property. Pursuant to the Management Agreement with respect to Uptown Tower, Whitestone TRS agreed to provide certain property management, leasing and day-to-day advisory and administrative services to Pillarstone in exchange for (x) a monthly property management fee equal to 3.0% of the monthly revenues of Uptown Tower and (y) a monthly asset management fee equal to 0.125% of GAV of Uptown Tower.

In connection with the Contribution, on December 8, 2016, the Operating Partnership entered into a Tax Protection Agreement with Pillarstone REIT and Pillarstone pursuant to which Pillarstone agreed to indemnify the Operating Partnership for certain tax liabilities resulting from its recognition of income or gain prior to December 8, 2021 if such liabilities result from a transaction involving a direct or indirect taxable disposition of all or a portion of the Pillarstone Properties or if Pillarstone fails to maintain and allocate to the Operating Partnership for taxation purposes minimum levels of liabilities as specified in the Tax Protection Agreement, the result of which causes such recognition of income or gain and the Company incurs taxes that must be paid to maintain its REIT status for federal tax purposes.

As of December 31, 2017, we owned approximately 81.4% of the total outstanding Pillarstone OP Units. Accordingly, we have consolidated Pillarstone in our consolidated balance sheets and related consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive income.

Property Acquisitions. On December 29, 2017, we acquired a 1.83 acre parcel of undeveloped land for $0.9 million in cash and net prorations. The undeveloped land parcel is the hard corner at our Eldorado Plaza property.

On May 26, 2017, we acquired BLVD Place, a property that meets our Community Centered Property® strategy, for $158.0 million, including $80.0 million of asset level mortgage financing and $78.0 million in cash and net prorations. BLVD Place, a 216,944 square foot property, was 99% leased at the time of purchase and is located in Houston, Texas. Included in the purchase of BLVD Place is approximately 1.43 acres of developable land. Revenue and net income attributable to BLVD Place of $9.3 million and $5.1 million, respectively, have been included in our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017.

On May 3, 2017, we acquired Eldorado Plaza, a property that meets our Community Centered Property® strategy, for $46.6 million in cash and net prorations. Eldorado Plaza, a 221,577 square foot property, was 96% leased at the time of purchase and is located in McKinney, Texas, a suburb of Dallas, Texas. Revenue and net income attributable to Eldorado Plaza of $3.0 million and $1.6 million, respectively, have been included in our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Hurricane Harvey. In August 2017, Hurricane Harvey impacted the South Texas region, including Houston, Texas. The majority of our Houston properties incurred minor damage and as a result, we recorded approximately $0.5 million in Harvey related repairs recorded in property operation and maintenance expense for the year ended December 31, 2017, with no insurance recoveries expected.

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Leasing Activity

As of December 31, 2017, we owned or held a majority interest in 73 properties with 6,554,952 square feet of GLA, which were approximately 88% occupied. Our occupancy rate for all properties was approximately 87% occupied as of December 31, 2016. The following is a summary of the Company's leasing activity for the year ended December 31, 2017:

 
 
Number of Leases Signed
 
GLA Signed
 
Weighted Average Lease Term (2)
 
TI and Incentives per Sq. Ft. (3)
 
Contractual Rent Per Sq. Ft (4)
 
Prior Contractual Rent Per Sq. Ft. (5)
 
Straight-lined Basis Increase (Decrease) Over Prior Rent
Comparable (1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Renewal Leases
 
213

 
548,695

 
3.1

 
$
1.53

 
$
15.58

 
$
15.38

 
7.2
%
   New Leases
 
46

 
125,450

 
4.0

 
4.19

 
14.93

 
15.61

 
6.6
%
   Total
 
259

 
674,145

 
3.3

 
$
2.02

 
$
15.46

 
$
15.42

 
7.1
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of Leases Signed
 
GLA Signed
 
Weighted Average Lease Term (2)
 
TI and Incentives per Sq. Ft. (3)
 
Contractual Rent Per Sq. Ft (4)
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Renewal Leases
 
220

 
574,186

 
3.2

 
$
1.90

 
$
15.79

 
 
 
 
   New Leases
 
146

 
424,549

 
5.6

 
9.52

 
15.46

 
 
 
 
   Total
 
366

 
998,735

 
4.2

 
$
5.14

 
$
15.65

 
 
 
 

(1)
Comparable leases represent leases signed on spaces for which there was a former tenant within the last twelve months and the new or renewal square footage was within 25% of the expired square footage.

(2) 
Weighted average lease term (in years) is determined on the basis of square footage.

(3) 
Estimated amount per signed leases. Actual cost of construction may vary. Does not include first generation costs for tenant improvements (“TI”) and leasing commission costs needed for new acquisitions, developement or redevelopment of a property to bring to operating standards for its intended use.

(4) 
Contractual minimum rent under the new lease for the first month, excluding concessions.

(5) 
Contractual minimum rent under the prior lease for the final month.

Capital Expenditures

The following is a summary of the Company's capital expenditures for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):
 
2017
 
2016
Capital expenditures:
 
 
 
    Tenant improvements and allowances
$
6,646

 
$
5,708

    Developments / redevelopments
6,519

 
13,702

    Leasing commissions and costs
3,118

 
2,199

    Maintenance capital expenditures
4,410

 
2,626

      Total capital expenditures
$
20,693

 
$
24,235



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Summary of Critical Accounting Policies
 
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements.  We prepared these financial statements in conformity with GAAP.  The preparation of these financial statements required us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.  We based our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances.  Our results may differ from these estimates.  Currently, we believe that our accounting policies do not require us to make estimates using assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain.  For a better understanding of our accounting policies, you should read Note 2 to our accompanying consolidated financial statements in conjunction with this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
 
We have described below the critical accounting policies that we believe could impact our consolidated financial statements most significantly.
 
Revenue Recognition.  All leases on our properties are classified as operating leases, and the related rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the related leases.  Differences between rental income earned and amounts due per the respective lease agreements are capitalized or charged, as applicable, to accrued rents and accounts receivable.  Percentage rents are recognized as rental income when the thresholds upon which they are based have been met.  Recoveries from tenants for taxes, insurance, and other operating expenses are recognized as revenues in the period the corresponding costs are incurred.  We have established an allowance for doubtful accounts against the portion of tenant accounts receivable which is estimated to be uncollectible.
 
Development Properties.  Land, buildings and improvements are recorded at cost. Expenditures related to the development of real estate are carried at cost which includes capitalized carrying charges and development costs. Carrying charges (interest and real estate taxes) are capitalized as part of construction in progress. The capitalization of such costs ceases when the property, or any completed portion, becomes available for occupancy. For the year ended December 31, 2017, approximately $439,000 and $277,000 in interest expense and real estate taxes, respectively, were capitalized. For the year ended December 31, 2016, approximately $324,000 and $71,000 in interest expense and real estate taxes, respectively, were capitalized. For the year ended December 31, 2015, approximately $106,000 and $69,000 in interest expense and real estate taxes, respectively, were capitalized. 
 
Acquired Properties and Acquired Lease Intangibles.  We allocate the purchase price of the acquired properties to land, building and improvements, identifiable intangible assets and to the acquired liabilities based on their respective fair values at the time of purchase. Identifiable intangibles include amounts allocated to acquired out-of-market leases, the value of in-place leases and customer relationship value, if any. We determine fair value based on estimated cash flow projections that utilize appropriate discount and capitalization rates and available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including the historical operating results, known trends and specific market and economic conditions that may affect the property. Factors considered by management in our analysis of determining the as-if-vacant property value include an estimate of carrying costs during the expected lease-up periods considering market conditions, and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, management includes real estate taxes, insurance and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up periods, tenant demand and other economic conditions. Management also estimates costs to execute similar leases including leasing commissions, tenant improvements, legal and other related expenses. Intangibles related to out-of-market leases and in-place lease value are recorded as acquired lease intangibles and are amortized as an adjustment to rental revenue or amortization expense, as appropriate, over the remaining terms of the underlying leases. Premiums or discounts on acquired out-of-market debt are amortized to interest expense over the remaining term of such debt.
 
Depreciation.  Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of 5 to 39 years for improvements and buildings, respectively.  Tenant improvements are depreciated using the straight-line method over the life of the improvement or remaining term of the lease, whichever is shorter.
 
Impairment.  We review our properties for impairment at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets, including accrued rental income, may not be recoverable through operations.  We determine whether an impairment in value has occurred by comparing the estimated future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges), including the estimated residual value of the property, with the carrying cost of the property.  If impairment is indicated, a loss will be recorded for the amount by which the carrying value of the property exceeds its fair value.  Management has determined that there has been no impairment in the carrying value of our real estate assets as of December 31, 2017.
 

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Accrued Rents and Accounts Receivable.  Included in accrued rent and accounts receivable are base rents, tenant reimbursements and receivables attributable to recording rents on a straight-line basis. An allowance for the uncollectible portion of accrued rents and accounts receivable is determined based upon customer credit-worthiness (including expected recovery of our claim with respect to any tenants in bankruptcy), historical bad debt levels, and current economic trends.  As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had an allowance for uncollectible accounts of $9.1 million and $7.3 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, we recorded bad debt expense in the amount of $2.3 million, $1.6 million and $2.0 million, respectively, related to tenant receivables that we specifically identified as potentially uncollectible based on our assessment of each tenant’s credit-worthiness.  Bad debt expenses and any related recoveries are included in property operation and maintenance expense.
 
Unamortized Lease Commissions and Loan Costs.  Leasing commissions are amortized using the straight-line method over the terms of the related lease agreements.  Loan costs are amortized on the straight-line method over the terms of the loans, which approximates the interest method.  Costs allocated to in-place leases whose terms differ from market terms related to acquired properties are amortized over the remaining life of the respective leases.

Prepaids and Other Assets.  Prepaids and other assets include escrows established pursuant to certain mortgage financing arrangements for real estate taxes and insurance and acquisition deposits which include earnest money deposits on future acquisitions.

Federal Income Taxes.  We elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code beginning with our taxable year ended December 31, 1999.  As a REIT, we generally are not subject to federal income tax on income that we distribute to our shareholders.  If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates.  We believe that we are organized and operate in such a manner as to qualify to be taxed as a REIT, and we intend to operate so as to remain qualified as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.

State Taxes.  We are subject to the Texas Margin Tax which is computed by applying the applicable tax rate (1% for us) to the profit margin, which, generally, will be determined for us as total revenue less a 30% standard deduction.  Although the Texas Margin Tax is not an income tax, Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”) applies to the Texas Margin Tax.  As of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, we recorded a margin tax provision of $0.4 million, $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments.  Our financial instruments consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts and notes payable and investments in marketable securities.  The carrying value of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable are representative of their respective fair values due to their short-term nature.  The fair value of our long-term debt, consisting of fixed rate secured notes, variable rate secured notes and an unsecured revolving credit facility aggregate to approximately $659.6 million and $540.0 million as compared to the book value of approximately $660.9 million and $545.5 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The fair value of our long-term debt is estimated on a Level 2 basis (as provided by ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”), using a discounted cash flow analysis based on the borrowing rates currently available to us for loans with similar terms and maturities, discounting the future contractual interest and principal payments.

Disclosure about fair value of financial instruments is based on pertinent information available to management as of December 31, 2017 and 2016. Although management is not aware of any factors that would significantly affect the fair value amounts, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued for purposes of these financial statements since December 31, 2017 and current estimates of fair value may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. We occasionally utilize derivative financial instruments, principally interest rate swaps, to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. We have established policies and procedures for risk assessment, and the approval, reporting and monitoring of derivative financial instruments. We recognize our interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges with the effective portion of the changes in fair value recorded in comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged transaction affects earnings. Any ineffective portion of a cash flow hedge's change in fair value is recorded immediately into earnings. Our cash flow hedges are determined using Level 2 inputs under ASC 820. Level 2 inputs represent quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable. As of December 31, 2017, we consider our cash flow hedges to be highly effective.


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Recent Accounting Pronouncements. In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance, as amended in subsequent updates, establishing a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most of the existing revenue recognition guidance. The standard also requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services and also requires certain additional disclosures. This guidance became effective for the reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We have adopted this guidance on a modified retrospective basis beginning January 1, 2018 and do not expect this standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance requiring lessees to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for all leases. Lessor accounting will remain largely unchanged with the exception of changes related to costs which qualify as initial direct costs. The guidance will also require new qualitative and quantitative disclosures to help financial statement users better understand the timing, amount and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. This guidance will be effective for reporting periods on or after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We will adopt this guidance on a modified retrospective basis beginning January 1, 2019, and such adoption will result in certain costs (primarily legal costs related to lease negotiations) being expensed rather than capitalized. We capitalized $436,000 in legal related costs for the year ended December 31, 2017.

In March 2016, the FASB issued guidance simplifying the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, balance sheet classification of awards and the classification on the statement of cash flows. We have adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2017. The main provision regarding excess tax benefits did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements due to our status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. We have elected to continue estimating the number of shares expected to vest in order to determine compensation cost, and we will continue to classify cash paid by us for employee taxes when common shares were repurchased to cover minimum statutory requirements under cash flows from financing activities.

In November 2016, the FASB issued guidance requiring that the statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. This guidance became effective for the reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We have adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2018, and we will reconcile cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents on a retrospective basis, whereas under the previous guidance, we reported restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents under cash flows from financing activities.

In January 2017, the FASB issued guidance clarifying the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or dispositions) of assets or businesses. This guidance became effective for the reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We have adopted this guidance on a prospective basis beginning January 1, 2018 and believe the majority of our future acquisitions will qualify as asset acquisitions and the associated transaction costs will be capitalized as opposed to expensed under previous guidance.

In February 2017, the FASB issued guidance clarifying the scope of asset derecognition guidance, adds guidance for partial sales of nonfinancial assets and clarifies recognizing gains and losses from the transfer of nonfinancial assets in contracts with noncustomers. This guidance became effective for the reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We have adopted this guidance on a modified retrospective basis beginning January 1, 2018 and do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

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Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Our short-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of distributions to holders of our common shares and OP units, including those required to maintain our REIT status and satisfy our current quarterly distribution target of $0.2850 per share and OP unit, recurring expenditures, such as repairs and maintenance of our properties, non-recurring expenditures, such as capital improvements and tenant improvements, debt service requirements, and, potentially, acquisitions of additional properties.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, our cash provided from operating activities was $40,959,000 and our total dividends and distributions paid were $42,092,000. Therefore, we had distributions in excess of cash flow from operations of approximately $1,133,000. The Facility includes a $300 million unsecured borrowing capacity under a revolving credit facility, two $50 million term loans and one $100 million term loan. The Facility also includes an accordion feature that will allow the Operating Partnership to increase the borrowing capacity to $700 million, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions. We anticipate that cash flows from operating activities and our borrowing capacity under the Facility will provide adequate capital for our distributions working capital requirements, anticipated capital expenditures and scheduled debt payments in the short term. We also believe that cash flows from operating activities and our borrowing capacity will allow us to make all distributions required for us to continue to qualify to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.

Our long-term capital requirements consist primarily of maturities under our longer-term debt agreements, development and redevelopment costs, and potential acquisitions. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements with net cash from operations, long-term indebtedness, sales of common shares, issuance of OP units, sales of underperforming and Non-Core Properties and other financing opportunities, including debt financing. We believe we have access to multiple sources of capital to fund our long-term liquidity requirements, including the incurrence of additional debt and the issuance of additional equity. However, our ability to incur additional debt will be dependent on a number of factors, including our degree of leverage, the value of our unencumbered assets and borrowing restrictions that may be imposed by lenders. Our ability to access the equity markets will be dependent on a number of factors as well, including general market conditions for REITs and market perceptions about our Company.

We expect that our rental income will increase as we continue to acquire additional properties, subsequently increasing our cash flows generated from operating activities. We intend to finance the continued acquisition of such additional properties through equity issuances and through debt financing.

Our capital structure includes non-recourse secured debt that we assumed or originated on certain properties. We may hedge the future cash flows of certain debt transactions principally through interest rate swaps with major financial institutions.

As discussed in Note 2 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, pursuant to the term of our $15.1 million 4.99% Note, due January 6, 2024 (see Note 9 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements), which is collateralized by our Anthem Marketplace property, we were required by the lenders thereunder to establish a cash management account controlled by the lenders to collect all amounts generated by our Anthem Marketplace property in order to collateralize such promissory note. Amounts in the cash management account are classified as restricted cash.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
 
We had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $7,817,000 at December 31, 2017, as compared to $4,168,000 at December 31, 2016.  The increase of $3,649,000 was primarily the result of the following:
 
Sources of Cash
 
Cash flow from operations of $40,959,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017;

Net proceeds of $118,412,000 from issuance of common shares;

Net proceeds of $45,600,000 from the Facility;

Proceeds of $26,000 from sales of properties;

Proceeds of $513,000 from sales of marketable securities;


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Uses of Cash

Payment of dividends and distributions to common shareholders and OP unit holders of $42,092,000;

Real estate acquisitions of $125,468,000;

Additions to real estate of $17,575,000;

Change in restricted cash of $149,000;

Payments of loan origination costs of $695,000;

Payments of loans of $11,543,000; and

Repurchase of common shares of $4,339,000.

We place all cash in short-term, highly liquid investments that we believe provide appropriate safety of principal. 
    
Equity Offerings

On April 25, 2017, we completed the sale of 8,018,500 common shares, including 1,018,500 common shares purchased by the underwriters upon exercise of their option to purchase additional common shares, at a public offering price per share of $13.00 (the “April Offering”). Total net proceeds from the April Offering, after deducting offering expenses, were approximately $99.9 million, which we contributed to the Operating Partnership in exchange for OP units. The Operating Partnership used the net proceeds from the April Offering to repay a portion of the Facility and for general corporate purposes, including funding a portion of the purchase price of BLVD Place and Eldorado Plaza.
        
On June 4, 2015, we entered into nine amended and restated equity distribution agreements (the “2015 equity distribution agreements”) for an at-the-market distribution program. Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the 2015 equity distribution agreements, we can issue and sell up to an aggregate of $50 million of our common shares. Actual sales will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by us from time to time, including (among others) market conditions, the trading price of our common shares, capital needs and our determinations of the appropriate sources of funding for us, and will be made in transactions that will be deemed to be “at-the-market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act. We have no obligation to sell any of our common shares, and can at any time suspend offers under the 2015 equity distribution agreements or terminate the 2015 equity distribution agreements. For the year ended December 31, 2017, we sold 1,324,038 common shares under the 2015 equity distribution agreements, with net proceeds to us of approximately $18.6 million. In connection with such sales, we paid compensation of approximately $0.3 million to the sales agents. For the year ended December 31, 2016, we sold 2,063,697 common shares under the 2015 equity distribution agreements, with net proceeds to us of approximately $30.0 million. In connection with such sales, we paid compensation of approximately $0.5 million to the sales agents.


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Debt

Mortgages and other notes payable consist of the following (in thousands):

 
 
December 31,
Description
 
2017
 
2016
Fixed rate notes
 
 
 
 
$10.5 million, LIBOR plus 2.00% Note, due September 24, 2018 (1)
 
$
9,740

 
$
9,980

$50.0 million, 1.75% plus 1.35% to 1.90% Note, due October 30, 2020 (2)
 
50,000

 
50,000

$50.0 million, 1.50% plus 1.35% to 1.90% Note, due January 29, 2021 (3)
 
50,000

 
50,000

$100.0 million, 1.73% plus 1.65% to 2.25% Note, due October 30, 2022 (4)
 
100,000

 
100,000

$80.0 million, 3.72% Note, due June 1, 2027
 
80,000

 

$37.0 million 3.76% Note, due December 1, 2020 (5)
 
33,148

 
34,166

$6.5 million 3.80% Note, due January 1, 2019
 
5,842

 
6,019

$19.0 million 4.15% Note, due December 1, 2024
 
19,000

 
19,000

$20.2 million 4.28% Note, due June 6, 2023
 
19,360

 
19,708

$14.0 million 4.34% Note, due September 11, 2024
 
13,944

 
14,000

$14.3 million 4.34% Note, due September 11, 2024
 
14,300

 
14,300

$16.5 million 4.97% Note, due September 26, 2023 (5)
 
16,058

 
16,298

$15.1 million 4.99% Note, due January 6, 2024
 
14,865

 
15,060

$9.2 million, Prime Rate less 2.00% Note, due December 29, 2017 (6)
 

 
7,869

$2.6 million 5.46% Note, due October 1, 2023
 
2,472

 
2,512

Floating rate notes
 
 
 
 
Unsecured line of credit, LIBOR plus 1.40% to 1.95%, due October 30, 2019 (7)
 
232,200

 
186,600

Total notes payable principal
 
660,929

 
545,512

Less deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization
 
(1,861
)
 
(1,492
)
 
 
$
659,068

 
$
544,020


(1)
Promissory note includes an interest rate swap that fixed the interest rate at 3.55% for the duration of the term.

(2)
Promissory note includes an interest rate swap that fixed the LIBOR portion of Term Loan 1 (as defined below) at 0.84% through February 3, 2017 and 1.75% beginning February 3, 2017 through October 30, 2020.

(3) 
Promissory note includes an interest rate swap that fixed the LIBOR portion of Term Loan 2 (as defined below) at 1.50%.

(4) 
Promissory note includes an interest rate swap that fixed the LIBOR portion of Term Loan 3 (as defined below) at 1.73%.

(5) 
Promissory notes were assumed by Pillarstone in December 2016 (see Note 5 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements).

(6) 
Promissory note includes an interest rate swap that fixed the interest rate at 5.72% for the duration of the term. As part of our acquisition of Paradise Plaza in August 2012, we recorded a discount on the note of $1.3 million, which amortizes into interest expense over the life of the loan and results in an imputed interest rate of 4.13%.

(7) 
Unsecured line of credit includes certain Pillarstone Properties.



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Our mortgage debt was collateralized by 20 operating properties as of December 31, 2017 with a combined net book value of $340.6 million and 19 operating properties as of December 31, 2016 with a combined net book value of $189.4 million.  Our loans contain restrictions that would require the payment of prepayment penalties for the acceleration of outstanding debt and are secured by deeds of trust on certain of our properties and the assignment of certain rents and leases associated with those properties. 

On May 26, 2017, we, through our subsidiary, Whitestone BLVD Place LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, issued a $80.0 million promissory note to American General Life Insurance Company (the “BLVD Note”). The BLVD Note has a fixed interest rate of 3.72% and a maturity date of June 1, 2027. Proceeds from the BLVD Note were used to fund a portion of the purchase price of the acquisition of BLVD Place (see Note 4 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements).

On November 7, 2014, we, through our Operating Partnership, entered into an unsecured revolving credit facility (the “2014 Facility”) with the lenders party thereto, with BMO Capital Markets Corp., Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, and U.S. Bank, National Association, as co-lead arrangers and joint book runners, and Bank of Montreal, as administrative agent (the “Agent”). The 2014 Facility amended and restated our previous unsecured revolving credit facility. On October 30, 2015, we, through our Operating Partnership, entered into the First Amendment to the 2014 Facility (the “First Amendment”) with the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and the Agent. We refer to the 2014 Facility, as amended by the First Amendment, as the “Facility.”

Pursuant to the First Amendment, the Company made the following amendments to the 2014 Facility:

extended the maturity date of the $300.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility under the 2014 Facility (the “Revolver”) to October 30, 2019 from November 7, 2018;

converted $100.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Revolver to a new $100 million unsecured term loan under the 2014 Facility (“Term Loan 3”) with a maturity date of October 30, 2022;

extended the maturity date of the first $50.0 million unsecured term loan under the 2014 Facility (“Term Loan 1”) to October 30, 2020 from February 17, 2017; and

extended the maturity date of the second $50.0 million unsecured term loan under the 2014 Facility (“Term Loan 2” and together with Term Loan 1 and Term Loan 3, the “Term Loans”) to January 29, 2021 from November 7, 2019.

Borrowings under the Facility accrue interest (at the Operating Partnership's option) at a Base Rate or an Adjusted LIBOR plus an applicable margin based upon our then existing leverage. As of December 31, 2017, the interest rate was 3.30%. The applicable margin for Adjusted LIBOR borrowings ranges from 1.40% to 1.95% for the Revolver and 1.35% to 2.25% for the Term Loans. Base Rate means the higher of: (a) the Agent's prime commercial rate, (b) the sum of (i) the average rate quoted by the Agent by two or more federal funds brokers selected by the Agent for sale to the Agent at face value of federal funds in the secondary market in an amount equal or comparable to the principal amount for which such rate is being determined, plus (ii) 1/2 of 1.00%, and (c) the LIBOR rate for such day plus 1.00%. Adjusted LIBOR means LIBOR divided by one minus the Eurodollar Reserve Percentage. The Eurodollar Reserve Percentage means the maximum reserve percentage at which reserves are imposed by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on eurocurrency liabilities.

We serve as the guarantor for funds borrowed by the Operating Partnership under the Facility. The Facility contains customary terms and conditions, including, without limitation, affirmative and negative covenants such as information reporting requirements, maximum secured indebtedness to total asset value, minimum EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization or extraordinary items) to fixed charges, and maintenance of a minimum net worth. The Facility also contains customary events of default with customary notice and cure, including, without limitation, nonpayment, breach of covenant, misrepresentation of representations and warranties in a material respect, cross-default to other major indebtedness, change of control, bankruptcy and loss of REIT tax status.


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The Facility includes an accordion feature that will allow the Operating Partnership to increase the borrowing capacity to $700.0 million, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions. The Facility, which is available to us for acquisitions of properties and working capital, is our primary source of additional credit. As of December 31, 2017, $432.2 million was drawn on the Facility and our unused borrowing capacity was $67.8 million, assuming that we use the proceeds of the Facility to acquire properties, or to repay debt on properties, that are eligible to be included in the unsecured borrowing base. Proceeds from the Facility were used for general corporate purposes, including property acquisitions, debt repayment, capital expenditures, the expansion, redevelopment and re-tenanting of properties in our portfolio and working capital. We intend to use the additional proceeds from the Facility for general corporate purposes, including property acquisitions, debt repayment, capital expenditure, the expansion, redevelopment and re-tenanting of properties in our portfolio and working capital.

On December 8, 2016, in connection with the Contribution, the Operating Partnership entered into the Second Amendment to the Facility and Reaffirmation of Guaranties (the “Second Amendment”) with Pillarstone, the Company and the other Guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and the Agent. Pursuant to the Second Amendment, following the Contribution, Whitestone Offices, LLC and Whitestone CP Woodland Ph. 2, LLC were permitted to remain Material Subsidiaries (as defined in the Facility) and Guarantors under the Facility and their respective Pillarstone Properties were each permitted to remain an Eligible Property (as defined in the Facility) and be included in the Borrowing Base (as defined in the Facility) under the Facility. In addition, on December 8, 2016, Pillarstone entered into the Limited Guarantee (the “Limited Guarantee”) with the Agent, pursuant to which Pillarstone agreed to be joined as a party to the Facility to provide a limited guarantee up to the amount of availability generated by the Pillarstone Properties owned by Whitestone Offices, LLC and Whitestone CP Woodland Ph. 2, LLC. As of December 31, 2017, Pillarstone accounted for approximately $15.5 million of the total amount drawn on the Facility.

Certain other of our loans are subject to customary covenants.  As of December 31, 2017, we were in compliance with all loan covenants.

Annual maturities of notes payable as of December 31, 2017 are due during the following years:

 
 
Amount Due
Year
 
(in thousands)
 
 
 
2018
 
$
12,208

2019
 
240,249

2020
 
82,827

2021
 
51,918

2022
 
102,007

Thereafter
 
171,720

Total
 
$
660,929

 
Capital Expenditures
 
We continually evaluate our properties’ performance and value. We may determine it is in our shareholders’ best interest to invest capital in properties we believe have potential for increasing value. We also may have unexpected capital expenditures or improvements for our existing assets. Additionally, we intend to continue investing in similar properties outside of Texas in cities with exceptional demographics to diversify market risk, and we may incur significant capital expenditures or make improvements in connection with any properties we may acquire.


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Contractual Obligations
 
As of December 31, 2017, we had the following contractual obligations (see Note 9 of our accompanying consolidated financial statements for further discussion regarding the specific terms of our debt):
 
 
 
 
 
Payment due by period (in thousands)
 
 
Consolidated Contractual Obligations
 
 
Total
 
Less than 1
year (2018)
 
1 - 3 years
(2019 - 2020)
 
3 - 5 years
(2021 - 2022)
 
More than
5 years
(after 2022)
Long-Term Debt - Principal
 
$
660,929

 
$
12,208

 
$
323,076

 
$
153,925

 
$
171,720

Long-Term Debt - Fixed Interest
 
80,790

 
15,223

 
28,954

 
18,200

 
18,413

Long-Term Debt - Variable Interest (1)
 
14,049

 
7,663

 
6,386

 

 

Unsecured Credit Facility - Unused commitment fee (2)
 
249

 
136

 
113

 

 

Operating Lease Obligations
 
57

 
33

 
20

 
4

 

Total
 
$
756,074

 
$
35,263

 
$
358,549

 
$
172,129

 
$
190,133


As of December 31, 2017, Pillarstone had the following contractual obligations included in the consolidated contractual obligations:
 
 
 
 
Payment due by period (in thousands)
 
 
Pillarstone Contractual Obligations
 
 
Total
 
Less than 1
year (2018)
 
1 - 3 years
(2019 - 2020)
 
3 - 5 years
(2021 - 2022)
 
More than
5 years
(after 2022)
Long-Term Debt - Principal
 
$
49,206

 
$
1,343

 
$
32,662

 
$
631

 
$
14,570

Long-Term Debt - Fixed Interest
 
7,921

 
2,019

 
3,882

 
1,481

 
539

Long-Term Debt - Variable Interest (3)
 
937

 
511

 
426

 

 

Total
 
$
58,064

 
$
3,873

 
$
36,970

 
$
2,112

 
$
15,109

 
(1)  
As of December 31, 2017, we had one loan totaling $232.2 million which bore interest at a floating rate.  The variable interest rate payments are based on LIBOR plus 1.40% to LIBOR plus 1.95%, which reflects our new interest rates under our 2014 Facility.  The information in the table above reflects our projected interest rate obligations for the floating rate payments based on one-month LIBOR as of December 31, 2017, of 1.37%.

(2) 
The unused commitment fees on our unsecured credit facility, payable quarterly, are based on the average daily unused amount of our unsecured credit facility. The fees are 0.20% for facility usage greater than 50% or 0.25% for facility usage less than 50%. The information in the table above reflects our projected obligations for our unsecured credit facility based on our December 31, 2017 balance of $432.2 million.

(3) 
The variable interest relates to Pillarstone Properties remaining in the Facility. As of December 31, 2017, Pillarstone accounted for approximately $15.5 million of the total amount drawn on the Facility.



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Table of Contents


Distributions
 
During 2017, we paid distributions to our common shareholders and OP unit holders of $42.1 million, compared to $32.6 million in 2016.  Common shareholders and OP unit holders receive monthly distributions.  Payments of distributions are declared quarterly and paid monthly.  The distributions paid to common shareholders and OP unit holders were as follows (in thousands, except per share data) for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016

 
 
Common Shares
 
Noncontrolling OP Unit Holders
 
Total
Quarter Paid
 
Distributions Per Common Share
 
Total Amount Paid
 
Distributions Per OP Unit
 
Total Amount Paid
 
Total Amount Paid
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fourth Quarter
 
$
0.2850

 
$
11,002

 
$
0.2850

 
$
309

 
$
11,311

Third Quarter
 
0.2850

 
10,948

 
0.2850

 
309

 
11,257

Second Quarter
 
0.2850

 
10,093

 
0.2850

 
310

 
10,403

First Quarter
 
0.2850

 
8,429

 
0.2850

 
313

 
8,742

Total
 
$
1.1400

 
$
40,472

 
$
1.1400

 
$
1,241

 
$
41,713

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fourth Quarter
 
$
0.2850

 
$
8,305

 
$
0.2850

 
$
314

 
$
8,619

Third Quarter
 
0.2850

 
8,109

 
0.2850

 
138

 
8,247

Second Quarter
 
0.2850

 
7,786

 
0.2850

 
138

 
7,924

First Quarter
 
0.2850

 
7,711

 
0.2850

 
139

 
7,850

Total
 
$
1.1400

 
$
31,911

 
$
1.1400

 
$
729

 
$
32,640




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Table of Contents

Results of Operations

Year Ended December 31, 2017 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2016 

The following table provides a general comparison of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (dollars in thousands, except per share data):
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
Number of properties wholly-owned and operated
 
59

 
55

Aggregate GLA (sq. ft.)(1)
 
5,023,215

 
4,557,425

Ending occupancy rate - wholly-owned operating portfolio(1)
 
91
%
 
90
%
Ending occupancy rate - all wholly-owned properties
 
90
%
 
89
%
 
 
 
 
 
Number of properties managed and consolidated
 
14

 
14

Aggregate GLA (sq. ft.)
 
1,531,737

 
1,531,737

Ending occupancy rate - managed and consolidated operating portfolio
 
81
%
 
81
%
 
 
 
 
 
Total property revenues
 
$
125,959

 
$
104,437

Total property expenses
 
42,110

 
34,092

Total other expenses
 
74,430

 
65,189

Provision for income taxes
 
386

 
289

Gain on sale of properties
 
(16
)
 
(3,357
)
Loss on disposal of assets
 
183

 
96

Income from continuing operations
 
8,866

 
8,128

Income from discontinued operations
 

 

Net income
 
8,866

 
8,128

Less:  Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
532

 
197

Net income attributable to Whitestone REIT
 
$
8,334

 
$
7,931

 
 
 
 
 
Funds from operations core(2)
 
$
47,090

 
$
39,379

Property net operating income (3)
 
83,849

 
70,345

Distributions paid on common shares and OP units
 
41,713

 
32,640

Distributions per common share and OP unit
 
$
1.1400

 
$
1.1400

Distributions paid as a % of funds from operations
 
89
%
 
83
%
 
(1)  
Excludes (i) new acquisitions, through the earlier of attainment of 90% occupancy or 18 months of ownership, and (ii) properties that are undergoing significant redevelopment or re-tenanting.
(2)  
For an explanation and reconciliation of funds from operations to net income, see “Funds From Operations” below.
(3)  
For an explanation and reconciliation of property net operating income to net income, see “Property Net Operating Income” below.


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Property revenues. We had rental income and tenant reimbursements of approximately $125,959,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to $104,437,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of $21,522,000, or 21%. The year ended December 31, 2017 included $17,057,000 in increased revenues from Non-Same Store operations and $181,000 in increased revenues from our Consolidated Partnership. We define “Non-Same Stores” as properties acquired since the beginning of the period being compared and properties that have been sold, but not classified as discontinued operations. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, Same Store revenues increased $4,284,000. We define “Same Stores” as properties owned during the entire period being compared. For purposes of comparing the year ended December 31, 2017 to the year ended December 31, 2016, Same Stores include properties owned from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2017. Same Store average occupancy increased from 89.0% for the year ended December 31, 2016 to 89.5% for the year ended December 31, 2017. Same Store revenue rate per average leased square foot increased $0.81 for the year ended December 31, 2017 to $23.49 per average leased square foot as compared to the year ended December 31, 2016 revenue rate per average leased square foot of $22.68, increasing Same Store revenue by $3,143,000. The revenue rate per average leased square feet is calculated by dividing the total revenue by the average square feet leased during the period.

Property expenses.  Our property expenses were $42,110,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $34,092,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of $8,018,000, or 24%. Property expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017 included Same Store, Non-Same Store and Consolidated Partnership amounts of $29,809,000, $5,126,000 and $7,175,000, respectively. Property expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 included Same Store, Non-Same Store and Consolidated Partnership amounts of $27,078,000, $607,000 and $6,407,000, respectively. The primary components of total property expenses, Same Store property expenses and Non-Same Store property expenses are detailed in the tables below (in thousands):
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
 
Overall Property Expenses
 
2017
 
2016
 
Increase
 
% Increase
Real estate taxes
 
$
17,897

 
$
14,383

 
$
3,514

 
24
%
Utilities
 
5,514

 
4,868

 
646

 
13
%
Contract services
 
7,186

 
5,941

 
1,245

 
21
%
Repairs and maintenance
 
5,052

 
3,802

 
1,250

 
33
%
Bad debt
 
2,356

 
1,589

 
767

 
48
%
Labor and other
 
4,105

 
3,509

 
596

 
17
%
Total
 
$
42,110

 
$
34,092

 
$
8,018

 
24
%
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
 
Same Store Property Expenses
 
2017
 
2016
 
Increase
 
% Increase
Real estate taxes
 
$
12,883

 
$
11,873

 
$
1,010

 
9
%
Utilities
 
3,738

 
3,423

 
315

 
9
%
Contract services
 
4,988

 
4,865

 
123

 
3
%
Repairs and maintenance
 
3,733

 
2,921

 
812

 
28
%
Bad debt
 
1,742

 
1,367

 
375

 
27
%
Labor and other
 
2,725

 
2,629

 
96

 
4
%
Total
 
$
29,809

 
$
27,078

 
$
2,731

 
10
%
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
 
Non-Same Store Property Expenses
 
2017
 
2016
 
Increase
 
% Increase
Real estate taxes
 
$
2,422

 
$
190

 
$
2,232

 
1,175
%
Utilities
 
614

 
101

 
513

 
508
%
Contract services
 
1,054

 
84

 
970

 
1,155
%
Repairs and maintenance
 
406

 
77

 
329

 
427
%
Bad debt
 
225

 
17

 
208

 
1,224
%
Labor and other
 
405

 
138

 
267

 
193
%
Total
 
$
5,126

 
$
607

 
$
4,519

 
744
%


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Table of Contents

Real estate taxes.  Real estate taxes increased $3,514,000, or 24%, during the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to 2016. The $3,514,000 increase was comprised of increases of $2,232,000 in Non-Same Store expense, $1,010,000 in Same Store expense and $272,000 in our Consolidated Partnership properties. We actively work to keep our valuations and resulting taxes low because a majority of these taxes are charged to our tenants through triple net leases, and we strive to keep these charges to our tenants as low as possible.
 
Utilities.  Utilities increased $646,000, or 13%, during the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to 2016. The $646,000 increase was comprised of increases of $513,000 in Non-Same Store expense and $315,000 in Same Store expenses, offset by a decrease of $182,000 in our Consolidated Partnership properties.
 
Contract services. Contract services increased $1,245,000, or 21%, during the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to 2016. The $1,245,000 increase was comprised of increases of $970,000 in Non-Same Store expense, $123,000 in Same Store expense and $152,000 in our Consolidated Partnership properties.

Repairs and maintenance. Repairs and maintenance increased $1,250,000, or 33%, during the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to 2016. The $1,250,000 increase was comprised of increases of $329,000 in Non-Same Store expense, $812,000 in Same Store expense and $109,000 in our Consolidated Partnership properties.

Bad debt.  Bad debt for the year ended December 31, 2017 increased $767,000, or 48%, as compared to 2016. The $767,000 increase was comprised of increases of $208,000 in Non-Same Store expense, $375,000 in Same Store expense and $184,000 in our Consolidated Partnership properties.
 
Labor and other.  Labor and other expenses increased $596,000, or 17%, for year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to 2016. The $596,000 increase was comprised of increases of $267,000 in Non-Same Store expense, $96,000 in Same Store expense and $233,000 in our Consolidated Partnership properties.

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Same Store, Non-Same Store and Consolidated Partnership net operating income. The components of Same Store, Non-Same Store and Consolidated Partnership property net operating income and net income are detailed in the table below (in thousands):
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
Increase
 
% Increase
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
(Decrease)
 
(Decrease)
Same Store (49 properties excluding development land)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rental revenues
 
$
67,706

 
$
65,340

 
$
2,366

 
4
 %
Other revenues
 
23,456

 
21,538

 
1,918

 
9
 %
Total property revenues
 
91,162

 
86,878

 
4,284

 
5
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property operation and maintenance
 
16,926

 
15,205

 
1,721

 
11
 %
Real estate taxes
 
12,883

 
11,873

 
1,010

 
9
 %
Total property expenses
 
29,809

 
27,078

 
2,731

 
10
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total same store net operating income
 
61,353

 
59,800

 
1,553

 
3
 %
 
 


 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-Same Store (4 properties excluding development land)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rental revenues
 
13,960

 
1,796

 
12,164

 
677
 %
Other revenues
 
5,396

 
503

 
4,893

 
973
 %
Total property revenues
 
19,356

 
2,299

 
17,057

 
742
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property operation and maintenance
 
2,704

 
417

 
2,287

 
548
 %
Real estate taxes
 
2,422

 
190

 
2,232

 
1,175
 %
Total property expenses
 
5,126

 
607

 
4,519

 
744
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Non-Same Store net operating income
 
14,230

 
1,692

 
12,538

 
741
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Partnership (14 properties)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rental revenues
 
12,902

 
12,932

 
(30
)
 
0
 %
Other revenues
 
2,539

 
2,328

 
211

 
9
 %
Total property revenues
 
15,441

 
15,260

 
181

 
1
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property operation and maintenance
 
4,583

 
4,087

 
496

 
12
 %
Real estate taxes
 
2,592

 
2,320

 
272

 
12
 %
Total property expenses
 
7,175

 
6,407

 
768

 
12
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Consolidated Partnership net operating income
 
8,266

 
8,853

 
(587
)
 
(7
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total property net operating income
 
83,849

 
70,345

 
13,504

 
19
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less total other expenses, provision for income taxes and loss on disposal of assets
 
74,983

 
62,217

 
12,766

 
21
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
8,866

 
$
8,128

 
$
738

 
9
 %


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Other expenses.  Our other expenses were $74,430,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017, as compared to $65,189,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016, an increase of $9,241,000, or 14%.  The primary components of other expenses, net are detailed in the table below (in thousands):
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
Increase
 
% Increase
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
(Decrease)
 
(Decrease)
General and administrative
 
$
23,949

 
$
23,922

 
$
27

 
0
 %
Depreciation and amortization
 
27,240

 
22,457

 
4,783

 
21
 %
Interest expense
 
23,651

 
19,239

 
4,412

 
23
 %
Interest, dividend and other investment income
 
(410
)
 
(429
)
 
19

 
(4
)%
Total other expenses
 
$
74,430

 
$
65,189

 
$
9,241

 
14
 %

General and administrative.  General and administrative expenses increased approximately $27,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to 2016. The increase in general and administrative expenses included increased salaries and benefits costs of $282,000, increased share-based compensation of $179,000 and increased professional fees of $133,000, offset by decreased acquisition expenses and other expenses of $541,000 and $26,000, respectively.

Total compensation recognized in earnings for share-based payments for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 was $10.4 million and $10.2 million, respectively. We expect to record approximately $5.6 million in share-based compensation subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2017. The unrecognized share-based compensation cost is expected to vest over a weighted average period of 18 months.
    
Depreciation and amortization.  Depreciation and amortization increased $4,783,000, or 21%, for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to 2016. Non-Same Store depreciation increased $2,649,000, Consolidated Partnership depreciation decreased $264,000 and Same Store depreciation increased $1,810,000. The increase in Same Store depreciation is attributable to redevelopment and re-tenanting investments. Depreciation on corporate assets and amortization of commission costs increased $60,000.

Interest expense.  Interest expense increased $4,412,000, or 23%, for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to 2016.  An increase in our average outstanding notes payable balance of $97,534,000 accounted for $3,366,000 in increased interest expense, and an increase in our effective interest rate to 3.62% for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to 3.45% for the year ended December 31, 2016, resulting in a $1,016,000 increase in interest expense. Amortization of loan fees increased interest expense by $30,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2016.

Interest, dividend and other investment income. Interest, dividend and other investment income decreased $19,000, or 4%, for the year ended December 31, 2017 as compared to 2016. During the year ended December 31, 2017, our interest income increased $79,000, our gains on sales of investments in available-for-sale securities decreased $91,000 and our dividend income decreased $7,000 as compared to the amounts realized during the year ended December 31, 2016.



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Table of Contents

Year Ended December 31, 2016 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2015 

The following table provides a general comparison of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 (dollars in thousands, except per share data):
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2016
 
2015
Number of properties wholly-owned and operated
 
55

 
56

Aggregate GLA (sq. ft.)(1)
 
4,557,425

 
4,424,774

Ending occupancy rate - wholly-owned operating portfolio(1)
 
90
%
 
90
%
Ending occupancy rate - all wholly-owned properties
 
89
%
 
89
%
 
 
 
 
 
Number of properties managed and consolidated
 
14

 
14

Aggregate GLA (sq. ft.)
 
1,531,737

 
1,531,737

Ending occupancy rate - managed and consolidated operating portfolio(2)
 
81
%
 
81
%
 
 
 
 
 
Total property revenues
 
$
104,437

 
$
93,416

Total property expenses
 
34,092

 
31,335

Total other expenses
 
65,189

 
54,670

Provision for income taxes
 
289

 
372

Gain on sale of properties
 
(3,357
)
 

Loss on disposal of assets
 
96

 
185

Income from continuing operations
 
8,128

 
6,854

Income from discontinued operations
 

 
11

Gain on sale of property from discontinued operations
 

 

Net income
 
8,128

 
6,865

Less:  Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
197

 
116

Net income attributable to Whitestone REIT
 
$
7,931

 
$
6,749

 
 
 
 
 
Funds from operations core(2)
 
$
39,379

 
$
35,754

Property net operating income (3)
 
70,345

 
62,081

Distributions paid on common shares and OP units
 
32,640

 
28,946

Distributions per common share and OP unit
 
$
1.1400

 
$
1.1400

Distributions paid as a % of funds from operations
 
83
%
 
81
%
 
(1)  
Excludes (i) new acquisitions, through the earlier of attainment of 90% occupancy or 18 months of ownership, and (ii) properties that are undergoing significant redevelopment or re-tenanting.
(2)  
For an explanation and reconciliation of funds from operations to net income, see “Funds From Operations” below.
(3)  
For an explanation and reconciliation of property net operating income to net income, see “Property Net Operating Income” below.









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Property revenues. We had rental income and tenant reimbursements of approximately $104,437,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to $93,416,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015, an increase of $11,021,000, or 12%. The year ended December 31, 2016 included $8,408,000 in increased revenues from Non-Same Store operations and $229,000 in decreased revenues from our Consolidated Partnership. We define “Non-Same Stores” as properties acquired since the beginning of the period being compared and properties that have been sold, but not classified as discontinued operations. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2016, Same Store revenues increased $2,842,000. We define “Same Stores” as properties owned during the entire period being compared. For purposes of comparing the year ended December 31, 2016 to the year ended December 31, 2015, Same Stores include properties owned from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016. Same Store average occupancy increased from 88.4% for the year ended December 31, 2015 to 89.3% for the year ended December 31, 2016, increasing Same Store revenue $702,000. Same Store revenue rate per average leased square foot increased $0.63 for the year ended December 31, 2016 to $21.36 per average leased square foot as compared to the year ended December 31, 2015 revenue rate per average leased square foot of $20.73, increasing Same Store revenue $2,140,000. The revenue rate per average leased square feet is calculated by dividing the total revenue by the average square feet leased during the period.

Property expenses.  Our property expenses were $34,092,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016, as compared to $31,335,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015, an increase of $2,757,000, or 9%. Property expenses for the year ended December 31, 2016 included Same Store, Non-Same Store and Consolidated Partnership amounts of $21,960,000, $5,725,000 and $6,407,000, respectively. Property expenses for the year ended December 31, 2015 included Same Store, Non-Same Store and Consolidated Partnership amounts of $21,557,000, $2,896,000 and $6,882,000, respectively. The primary components of total property expenses, Same Store property expenses and Non-Same Store property expenses are detailed in the tables below (in thousands):
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
 
Overall Property Expenses
 
2016
 
2015
 
Increase
 
% Increase
Real estate taxes
 
$
14,383

 
$
12,637

 
$
1,746

 
14
 %
Utilities
 
4,868

 
4,788

 
80

 
2
 %
Contract services
 
5,941

 
5,297

 
644

 
12
 %
Repairs and maintenance
 
3,802

 
3,253

 
549

 
17
 %
Bad debt
 
1,589

 
2,025

 
(436
)
 
(22
)%
Labor and other
 
3,509

 
3,335

 
174

 
5
 %
Total
 
$
34,092

 
$
31,335

 
$
2,757

 
9
 %
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
Increase
 
% Increase
Same Store Property Expenses
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Decrease)
 
(Decrease)
Real estate taxes
 
$
8,701

 
$
8,740

 
$
(39
)
 
0
 %
Utilities
 
2,997

 
3,046

 
(49
)
 
(2
)%
Contract services
 
4,310

 
3,840

 
470

 
12
 %
Repairs and maintenance
 
2,707

 
2,463

 
244

 
10
 %
Bad debt
 
838

 
1,065

 
(227
)
 
(21
)%
Labor and other
 
2,407

 
2,403

 
4

 
0
 %
Total
 
$
21,960

 
$
21,557

 
$
403

 
2
 %
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
 
Non-Same Store Property Expenses
 
2016
 
2015
 
Increase
 
% Increase
Real estate taxes
 
$
3,362

 
$
1,459

 
$
1,903

 
130
%
Utilities
 
527

 
300

 
227

 
76
%
Contract services
 
639

 
351

 
288

 
82
%
Repairs and maintenance
 
290

 
167

 
123

 
74
%
Bad debt
 
546

 
462

 
84

 
18
%
Labor and other
 
361

 
157

 
204

 
130
%
Total
 
$
5,725

 
$
2,896

 
$
2,829

 
98
%

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Table of Contents


Real estate taxes.  Real estate taxes increased $1,746,000, or 14%, during the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to 2015. The $1,746,000 increase was comprised of an increase of $1,903,000 in Non-Same Store expense and offset by decreases of $118,000 and $39,000 in our Consolidated Partnership and Same Store properties, respectively. We actively work to keep our valuations and resulting taxes low because a majority of these taxes are charged to our tenants through triple net leases, and we strive to keep these charges to our tenants as low as possible.
 
Utilities.  Utilities increased $80,000, or 2%, during the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to 2015. The $80,000 increase was comprised of an increase of $227,000 in Non-Same Store expense and offset by decreases of $98,000 and $49,000 in our Consolidated Partnership and Same Store properties, respectively.
 
Contract services. Contract services increased $644,000, or 12%, during the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to 2015. The $644,000 increase was comprised of increases of $470,000 for Same Store properties and $288,000 for Non-Same Store properties and offset by a decrease of $114,000 in our Consolidated Partnership properties. The Same Store increase included increases of $300,000 for security services, $131,000 for exterior landscaping and $39,000 in other increased expenses.

Repairs and maintenance. Repairs and maintenance increased $549,000, or 17%, during the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to 2015. The $549,000 increase was comprised of increases of $244,000 for Same Store properties, $182,000 for Consolidated Partnership properties and $123,000 for Non-Same Store properties. The Same Store increase included increases of $141,000 for parking lot repairs, $51,000 for plumbing repairs, $48,000 in exterior landscape repairs and $4,000 in other repairs.

Bad debt.  Bad debt for the year ended December 31, 2016 decreased $436,000, or 22%, as compared to 2015. The $436,000 decrease included decreases of $293,000 for Consolidated Partnership properties and $227,000 for Same Store properties, offset by an increase of $84,000 for Non-Same Store properties.
 
Labor and other.  Labor and other expenses increased $174,000, or 5%, for year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to 2015. The increase of $174,000 was primarily comprised of a $204,000 increase for Non-Same Store properties and also included a $4,000 increase in Same Store properties expenses, offset by a decrease in Consolidated Partnership properties expense of $34,000.

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Table of Contents

Same Store, Non-Same Store and Consolidated Partnership net operating income. The components of Same Store, Non-Same Store and Consolidated Partnership property net operating income and net income are detailed in the table below (in thousands):
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
Increase
 
% Increase
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Decrease)
 
(Decrease)
Same Store (40 properties excluding development land)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rental revenues
 
$
55,374

 
$
53,438

 
$
1,936

 
4
 %
Other revenues
 
17,161

 
16,255

 
906

 
6
 %
Total property revenues
 
72,535

 
69,693

 
2,842

 
4
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property operation and maintenance
 
13,259

 
12,817

 
442

 
3
 %
Real estate taxes
 
8,701

 
8,740

 
(39
)
 
0
 %
Total property expenses
 
21,960

 
21,557

 
403

 
2
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total same store net operating income
 
50,575

 
48,136

 
2,439

 
5
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non-Same Store (10 properties excluding development land)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rental revenues
 
11,762

 
5,507

 
6,255

 
114
 %
Other revenues
 
4,880

 
2,727

 
2,153

 
79
 %
Total property revenues
 
16,642

 
8,234

 
8,408

 
102
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property operation and maintenance
 
2,363

 
1,437

 
926

 
64
 %
Real estate taxes
 
3,362

 
1,459

 
1,903

 
130
 %
Total property expenses
 
5,725

 
2,896

 
2,829

 
98
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Non-Same Store net operating income
 
10,917

 
5,338

 
5,579

 
105
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Partnership (14 properties)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rental revenues
 
12,932

 
12,898

 
34

 
0
 %
Other revenues
 
2,328

 
2,591

 
(263
)
 
(10
)%
Total property revenues
 
15,260

 
15,489

 
(229
)
 
(1
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property operation and maintenance
 
4,087

 
4,444

 
(357
)
 
(8
)%
Real estate taxes
 
2,320

 
2,438

 
(118
)
 
(5
)%
Total property expenses
 
6,407

 
6,882

 
(475
)
 
(7
)%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Consolidated Partnership net operating income
 
8,853

 
8,607

 
246

 
3
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total property net operating income
 
70,345

 
62,081

 
8,264

 
13
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less total other expenses, provision for income taxes and loss on disposal of assets
 
62,217

 
55,227

 
6,990

 
13
 %
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations
 
8,128

 
6,854

 
1,274

 
19
 %
Income from discontinued operations, net of taxes
 

 
11

 
(11
)
 
(100
)%
Net income
 
$
8,128

 
$
6,865

 
$
1,263

 
18
 %



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Table of Contents

Other expenses.  Our other expenses were $65,189,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016, as compared to $54,670,000 for the year ended December 31, 2015, an increase of $10,519,000, or 19%.  The primary components of other expenses, net are detailed in the table below (in thousands):

 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
Increase
 
% Increase
 
 
2016
 
2015
 
(Decrease)
 
(Decrease)
General and administrative
 
$
23,922

 
$
20,312

 
$
3,610

 
18
%
Depreciation and amortization
 
22,457

 
19,761

 
2,696

 
14
%
Interest expense
 
19,239

 
14,910

 
4,329

 
29
%
Interest, dividend and other investment income
 
(429
)
 
(313
)
 
(116
)
 
37
%
Total other expenses
 
$
65,189

 
$
54,670

 
$
10,519

 
19
%

General and administrative.  General and administrative expenses increased approximately $3,610,000, or 18%, for the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to 2015. The increase in general and administrative expenses included increased share-based compensation costs of $2,908,000, increased salaries and benefits of $888,000 and increased other expenses of $19,000 and was offset by decreased acquisition transaction expenses of $105,000 and decreased legal fees of $100,000.

Total compensation recognized in earnings for share-based payments for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 was $10.2 million and $7.3 million, respectively. Based on our current financial projections, we expect approximately 83% of the unvested awards to vest over the next 27 months. As of December 31, 2016, there was approximately $5.9 million in unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding non-vested performance-based shares, which are expected to vest over a period of 27 months, and approximately $4.5 million in unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding non-vested time-based shares, which are expected to be recognized over a period of approximately 12 months beginning on January 1, 2017.

We expect to record approximately $10.4 million in share-based compensation subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2016. The unrecognized share-based compensation cost is expected to vest over a weighted average period of 18 months. The dilutive impact of the performance-based shares will be included in the denominator of the earnings per share calculation beginning in the period that the performance conditions are expected to be met.
    
Depreciation and amortization.  Depreciation and amortization increased $2,696,000, or 14%, for the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to 2015. Non-Same Store depreciation increased $1,805,000, Consolidated Partnership depreciation decreased $134,000 and Same Store depreciation increased $827,000. The increase in Same Store depreciation is attributable to redevelopment and re-tenanting investments. Depreciation on corporate assets and amortization of commission costs increased $110,000.

Interest expense.  Interest expense increased $4,329,000, or 29%, for the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to 2015.  An increase in our average outstanding notes payable balance of $81,324,000 accounted for $2,533,000 in increased interest expense, and an increase in our effective interest rate to 3.45% for the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to 3.11% for the year ended December 31, 2015, resulting in a $1,754,000 increase in interest expense. Amortization of loan fees increased interest expense by $42,000 for the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2015.

Interest, dividend and other investment income. Interest, dividend and other investment income increased $116,000, or 37%, for the year ended December 31, 2016 as compared to 2015. During the year ended December 31, 2016, our interest income increased $162,000, our gains on sales of investments in available-for-sale securities decreased $44,000 and our dividend income decreased $2,000 as compared to the amounts realized during the year ended December 31, 2015.
 


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Table of Contents

Discontinued operations.  Discontinued operations are comprised of the of three office buildings known as Zeta, Royal Crest and Featherwood, located in Houston, Texas. On December 31, 2014, we completed the sale of the three office buildings for $10.3 million. As part of the transaction, we provided short-term seller financing of $2.5 million. We recorded a gain on sale of $4.4 million, including recognizing a $1.9 million gain on sale for the year ended December 31, 2016 and deferring the remaining $2.5 million gain on sale to be recognized upon receipt of principal payments on the financing provided by us.

  The primary components of discontinued operations are detailed in the table below (in thousands):
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2016
 
2015
Property revenues
 
 
 
 
Rental revenues
 
$

 
$
51

Other revenues
 

 

Total property revenues
 

 
51

 
 
 
 
 
Property expenses
 
 
 
 
Property operation and maintenance
 

 
41

Real estate taxes
 

 

Total property expenses
 

 
41

 
 
 
 
 
Other expenses
 
 
 
 
Interest expense
 

 

Depreciation and amortization
 

 

Total other expense
 

 

 
 
 
 
 
Income before loss on disposal of assets and income taxes
 

 
10

 
 
 
 
 
Provision for income taxes
 

 

Gain on sale or disposal of property or assets in discontinued operations
 

 
1

 
 
 
 
 
Income from discontinued operations
 
$

 
$
11




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Table of Contents

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Funds From Operations (“FFO”)
 
The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) defines FFO as net income (loss) available to common shareholders computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses from sales of operating real estate assets, impairment charges on properties held for investment and extraordinary items, plus depreciation and amortization of operating properties, including our share of unconsolidated real estate joint ventures and partnerships.  We calculate FFO in a manner consistent with the NAREIT definition.
 
Management uses FFO as a supplemental measure to conduct and evaluate our business because there are certain limitations associated with using GAAP net income (loss) alone as the primary measure of our operating performance.

Historical cost accounting for real estate assets in accordance with GAAP implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time.  Because real estate values instead have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, management believes that the presentation of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting is insufficient by itself.  In addition, securities analysts, investors and other interested parties use FFO as the primary metric for comparing the relative performance of equity REITs.  

FFO should not be considered as an alternative to net income or other measurements under GAAP, as an indicator of our operating performance or to cash flows from operating, investing or financing activities as a measure of liquidity.  FFO does not reflect working capital changes, cash expenditures for capital improvements or principal payments on indebtedness. Although our calculation of FFO is consistent with that of NAREIT, there can be no assurance that FFO presented by us is comparable to similarly titled measures of other REITs.

FFO Core

Management believes that the computation of FFO in accordance with NAREIT's definition includes certain items that are not indicative of the results provided by our operating portfolio and affect the comparability of our period-over-period performance. These items include, but are not limited to, legal settlements, non-cash share-based compensation expense, rent support agreement payments received from sellers on acquired assets, management fees from Pillarstone and acquisition costs. Therefore, in addition to FFO, management uses FFO Core, which we define to exclude such items. Management believes that these adjustments are appropriate in determining FFO Core as they are not indicative of the operating performance of our assets. In addition, we believe that FFO Core is a useful supplemental measure for the investing community to use in comparing us to other REITs as many REITs provide some form of adjusted or modified FFO. However, there can be no assurance that FFO Core presented by us is comparable to the adjusted or modified FFO of other REITs.

Below are the calculations of FFO and FFO Core and the reconciliations to net income, which we believe is the most comparable GAAP financial measure (in thousands):
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
FFO AND FFO CORE
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Net income attributable to Whitestone REIT
 
$
8,334

 
$
7,931

 
$
6,749

  Adjustments to reconcile to FFO:(1)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization of real estate assets (2)
 
26,290

 
22,179

 
19,646

Loss (gain) on disposal or sale of assets (2)
 
161

 
(3,261
)
 
185

Net income attributable to redeemable operating partnership units (2)
 
254

 
182

 
116

FFO
 
$
35,039

 
$
27,031

 
$
26,696

Share-based compensation expense
 
$
10,426

 
$
10,247

 
$
7,339

Acquisition costs
 
1,625

 
2,101

 
1,719

FFO Core
 
$
47,090

 
$
39,379

 
$
35,754


 (1)
Includes pro-rata share attributable to Pillarstone in 2017.

 (2)
Includes amounts from discontinued operations.


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Property Net Operating Income (“NOI”)

Management believes that NOI is a useful measure of our property operating performance. We define NOI as operating revenues (rental and other revenues) less property and related expenses (property operation and maintenance and real estate taxes). Other REITs may use different methodologies for calculating NOI and, accordingly, our NOI may not be comparable to other REITs. Because NOI excludes general and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, involuntary conversion, interest expense, interest income, provision for income taxes and gain or loss on sale or disposition of assets, it provides a performance measure that, when compared year over year, reflects the revenues and expenses directly associated with owning and operating commercial real estate properties and the impact to operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates and operating costs, providing perspective not immediately apparent from net income. We use NOI to evaluate our operating performance since NOI allows us to evaluate the impact that factors such as occupancy levels, lease structure, lease rates and tenant base have on our results, margins and returns. In addition, management believes that NOI provides useful information to the investment community about our property and operating performance when compared to other REITs since NOI is generally recognized as a standard measure of property performance in the real estate industry. However, NOI should not be viewed as a measure of our overall financial performance since it does not reflect general and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, involuntary conversion, interest expense, interest income, provision for income taxes and gain or loss on sale or disposition of assets, the level of capital expenditures and leasing costs necessary to maintain the operating performance of our properties.

Below is the calculation of NOI and the reconciliation to net income, which we believe is the most comparable GAAP financial measure (in thousands):
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
PROPERTY NET OPERATING INCOME (“NOI”)
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Net income attributable to Whitestone REIT
 
$
8,334

 
$
7,931

 
$
6,749

General and administrative expenses
 
23,949

 
23,922

 
20,312

Depreciation and amortization
 
27,240

 
22,457

 
19,761

Interest expense
 
23,651

 
19,239

 
14,910

Interest, dividend and other investment income
 
(410
)
 
(429
)
 
(313
)
Provision for income taxes
 
386

 
289

 
372

Gain on sale of properties
 
(16
)
 
(3,357
)
 

Loss on sale or disposal of assets
 
183

 
96

 
185

Income from discontinued operations
 

 

 
(11
)
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
532

 
197

 
116

NOI
 
$
83,849

 
$
70,345

 
$
62,081


Taxes
 
We elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code beginning with our taxable year ended December 31, 1999.  As a REIT, we generally are not subject to federal income tax on income that we distribute to our shareholders.  If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates.  We believe that we are organized and operate in a manner to qualify and be taxed as a REIT, and we intend to operate so as to remain qualified as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.

Inflation
 
We anticipate that the majority of our leases will continue to be triple-net leases or otherwise provide that tenants pay for increases in operating expenses and will contain provisions that we believe will mitigate the effect of inflation.  In addition, many of our leases are for terms of less than five years, which allows us to adjust rental rates to reflect inflation and other changing market conditions when the leases expire.  Consequently, increases due to inflation, as well as ad valorem tax rate increases, generally do not have a significant adverse effect upon our operating results.
 
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
We had no significant off-balance sheet arrangements as of December 31, 2017.
 
Item 7A.  Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
 
Our future income, cash flows and fair value relevant to our financial instruments depend upon prevailing market interest rates. Market risk refers to the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. Based upon the nature of our operations, we are not subject to foreign exchange rate or commodity price risk. The principal market risk to which we are exposed is the risk related to interest rate fluctuations. Many factors, including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations, and other factors that are beyond our control contribute to interest rate risk. Our interest rate risk objective is to limit the impact of interest rate fluctuations on earnings and cash flows and to lower our overall borrowing costs. To achieve this objective, we manage our exposure to fluctuations in market interest rates for our borrowings through the use of fixed rate debt instruments to the extent that reasonably favorable rates are obtainable.

All of our financial instruments were entered into for other than trading purposes.

Fixed Interest Rate Debt

As of December 31, 2017, $428.7 million, or approximately 65%, of our outstanding debt was subject to fixed interest rates, which limit the risk of fluctuating interest rates. Though a change in the market interest rates affects the fair market value, it does not impact net income to shareholders or cash flows. Our total outstanding fixed interest rate debt has an average effective interest rate as of December 31, 2017 of approximately 3.81% per annum with expirations ranging from 2018 to 2027 (see Note 9 to our accompanying consolidated financial statements for further detail). Holding other variables constant, a 1% increase or decrease in interest rates would cause a $17.0 million decline or increase, respectively, in the fair value for our fixed rate debt.

Variable Interest Rate Debt

As of December 31, 2017, $232.2 million, or approximately 35%, of our outstanding debt was subject to floating interest rates of LIBOR plus 1.40% to 1.95% and not currently subject to a hedge. The impact of a 1% increase or decrease in interest rates on our floating rate debt would result in a decrease or increase, respectively, of annual net income of approximately $2.3 million.

Item 8.  Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
 
The information required by this Item 8 is incorporated by reference to our Financial Statements beginning on page F-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
 
Item 9.  Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
 
None.
 
Item 9A.  Controls and Procedures.
 
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
In connection with the preparation of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as of December 31, 2017, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act. In performing this evaluation, management reviewed the selection, application and monitoring of our historical accounting policies. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that as of December 31, 2017, these disclosure controls and procedures were effective and designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in our reports filed with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported on a timely basis.  In designing and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives.  Management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

61

Table of Contents


Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control—Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation under this framework, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2017.

The Company's independent registered public accounting firm has issued a report on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting, which appears on page F-3 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes during the Company's quarter ended December 31, 2017, in the Company's internal controls over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

Item 9B.  Other Information.
 
None.

62

Table of Contents

PART III
 
Item 10.  Trustees, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
 
The information required by Item 10 of Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference to such information as set forth in the definitive proxy statement for our 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
 
Item 11.  Executive Compensation.
 
The information required by Item 11 of Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference to such information as set forth in the definitive proxy statement for our 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
 
Item 12.  Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters.
 
The following table provides information regarding our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2017:

Plan Category
 
Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights
 
Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights
 
Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
 
 
 
(a)
 
(b)
 
(c)
 
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders
 

(1 
) 
$

 
868,815

(2) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders
 

 

 

(3) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 

 
$

 
868,815

 

(1)
Excludes 3,119,221 common shares subject to outstanding restricted common share units granted pursuant to our 2008 Long-Term Equity Incentive Ownership Plan, as amended (the “2008 Plan”).
(2)
Pursuant to the 2008 Plan, the maximum aggregate number of common shares that may be issued under the 2008 Plan will be increased upon each issuance of common shares by the Company so that at any time the maximum number of shares that may be issued under the 2008 Plan shall equal 12.5% of the aggregate number of common shares of the Company and OP units issued and outstanding (other than units issued to or held by the Company). At our annual meeting of shareholders on May 11, 2017, our shareholders voted to approve the 2018 Long-Term Equity Incentive Ownership Plan (the “2018 Plan”). The 2018 Plan provides for the issuance of up to 3,433,831 common shares and OP units pursuant to awards under the 2018 Plan. The 2018 Plan will become effective on July 30, 2018, which is the day after the 2008 Plan expires.
(3)
Excludes 8,333 restricted common shares issued to trustees outside the 2008 Plan.
The remaining information required by Item 12 of Form 10-K is incorporated by reference to such information as set forth in the definitive proxy statement for our 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

Item 13.  Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.
 
The information required by Item 13 of Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference to such information as set forth in the definitive proxy statement for our 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.
 

63



Item 14.  Principal Accountant Fees and Services.
 
The information required by Item 14 of Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference to such information as set forth in the definitive proxy statement for our 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.



Table of Contents

PART IV 

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

1.
Financial Statements. The list of our financial statements filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is set forth on page F-1 herein.

2.
Financial Statement Schedules.

a.
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

b.
Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
    
All other financial statement schedules have been omitted because the required information of such schedules is not present, is not present in amounts sufficient to require a schedule or is included in the consolidated financial statements.

3.
Exhibits. The list of exhibits filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K in response to Item 601 of Regulation S-K is submitted on the Exhibit Index attached hereto and incorporated herein by reference.

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.

None.

65

Table of Contents

Exhibit No.
Description

Exhibit No.
Description
Exhibit No.
Description

Exhibit No.
Description

101.INS***
XBRL Instance Document
 
 
101. SCH***
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
 
 
101.CAL***
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
 
 
101.LAB***
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
 
 
101.PRE***
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
 
 
101.DEF***
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

________________________
 
*    Filed herewith.
**    Furnished herewith.

***    Attached as Exhibit 101 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K are the following materials, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 and (v) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

Pursuant to Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, the Interactive Data Files on Exhibit 101 hereto are deemed not filed or part of a registration statement or prospectus for purposes of Sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, are deemed not filed for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and otherwise are not subject to liability under those sections.
 
+   Denotes management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.
 



66

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
 
 
WHITESTONE REIT
 
 
 
Date:
March 6, 2018
 By:
 
/s/ James C. Mastandrea 
 
 
 
 
James C. Mastandrea, Chairman and CEO
 

POWER OF ATTORNEY
 
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENT, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints James C. Mastandrea and David K. Holeman, and each of them, acting individually, as his attorney-in-fact, each with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated. 
  
March 6, 2018
/s/ James C. Mastandrea 
 
 
James C. Mastandrea, Chairman and CEO
 
 
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
 
 
March 6, 2018
/s/ David K. Holeman 
 
 
David K. Holeman, Chief Financial Officer
 
 
(Principal Financial and Principal Accounting Officer)
 
 
 
 
March 6, 2018
/s/ Nandita Berry
 
 
Nandita Berry, Trustee
 
 
 
 
March 6, 2018
/s/ Donald F. Keating  
 
 
Donald F. Keating, Trustee
 
 
 
 
March 6, 2018
/s/ Najeeb A. Khan
 
 
Najeeb A. Khan, Trustee
 
 
 
 
March 6, 2018
/s/ Paul T. Lambert 
 
 
Paul T. Lambert, Trustee
 
 
 
 
March 6, 2018
/s/ Jack L. Mahaffey 
 
 
Jack L. Mahaffey, Trustee
 
 
 
 
March 6, 2018
/s/ David F. Taylor
 
 
David F. Taylor, Trustee
 

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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
 
 
 
 
Page
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable, and therefore have been omitted.

F- 1

Table of Contents

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM


To the Board of Trustees and Shareholders of
Whitestone REIT

Opinions on the Consolidated Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Whitestone REIT and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2017, including the related notes and schedules (collectively referred to as the “Consolidated Financial Statements”). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”).

In our opinion, the Consolidated Financial Statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2017, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related consolidated financial statement schedules, when considered in relation to the basic Consolidated Financial Statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein. Lastly, in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2017, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for these Consolidated Financial Statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the Consolidated Financial Statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the Consolidated Financial Statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the Consolidated Financial Statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the Consolidated Financial Statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.


/s/ Pannell Kerr Forster of Texas, P.C.

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2002.

Houston, Texas
March 6, 2018




F- 2

Table of Contents


Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
 
 
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
ASSETS(1)
Real estate assets, at cost
 
 
 
 
Property
 
$
1,149,454

 
$
920,310

Accumulated depreciation
 
(131,034
)
 
(107,258
)
Total real estate assets
 
1,018,420

 
813,052

Cash and cash equivalents
 
7,817

 
4,168

Restricted cash
 
205

 
56

Marketable securities
 
32

 
517

Escrows and acquisition deposits
 
10,104

 
6,620

Accrued rents and accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts
 
23,504

 
19,951

Unamortized lease commissions and loan costs
 
8,422

 
8,083

Prepaid expenses and other assets
 
3,228

 
2,762

Total assets
 
$
1,071,732

 
$
855,209

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY(2)
Liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Notes payable
 
$
659,068

 
$
544,020

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
 
35,995

 
28,692

Tenants' security deposits
 
6,885

 
6,125

Dividends and distributions payable
 
11,466

 
8,729

Total liabilities
 
713,414

 
587,566

Commitments and contingencies:
 

 

Equity:
 
 
 
 
Preferred shares, $0.001 par value per share; 50,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively
 

 

Common shares, $0.001 par value per share; 400,000,000 shares authorized; 39,221,773 and 29,468,563 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively
 
38

 
29

Additional paid-in capital
 
521,314

 
396,494

Accumulated deficit
 
(176,684
)
 
(141,695
)
Accumulated other comprehensive gain
 
2,936

 
859

Total Whitestone REIT shareholders' equity
 
347,604

 
255,687

Noncontrolling interests:
 
 
 
 
Redeemable operating partnership units
 
10,800

 
11,941

Noncontrolling interest in Consolidated Partnership
 
(86
)
 
15

Total noncontrolling interests
 
10,714

 
11,956

Total equity
 
358,318

 
267,643

Total liabilities and equity
 
$
1,071,732

 
$
855,209



See the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F- 3

Table of Contents

Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS - Continued
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
 
 
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
(1) Assets of consolidated Variable Interest Entities included in the total assets above:
Real estate assets, at cost
 
 
 
 
Property
 
$
95,146

 
$
92,338

Accumulated depreciation
 
(35,980
)
 
(32,533
)
Total real estate assets
 
59,166

 
59,805

Cash and cash equivalents
 
2,812

 
1,236

Escrows and acquisition deposits
 
2,188

 
2,274

Accrued rents and accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts
 
2,364

 
2,313

Unamortized lease commissions and loan costs
 
1,265

 
1,150

Prepaid expenses and other assets
 
65

 
82

Total assets
 
$
67,860

 
$
66,860

 
 
 
 
 
(2) Liabilities of consolidated Variable Interest Entities included in the total liabilities above:
Notes payable
 
$
48,840

 
$
50,001

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
 
3,494

 
3,481

Tenants' security deposits
 
1,191

 
996

Total liabilities
 
$
53,525

 
$
54,478




See the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


F- 4

Table of Contents

Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property revenues
 
 
 
 
 
 
Rental revenues
 
$
94,568

 
$
80,068

 
$
71,843

Other revenues
 
31,391

 
24,369

 
21,573

Total property revenues
 
125,959

 
104,437

 
93,416

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property expenses
 
 

 
 

 
 

Property operation and maintenance
 
24,213

 
19,709

 
18,698

Real estate taxes
 
17,897

 
14,383

 
12,637

Total property expenses
 
42,110

 
34,092

 
31,335

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other expenses (income)
 
 

 
 

 
 

General and administrative
 
23,949

 
23,922

 
20,312

Depreciation and amortization
 
27,240

 
22,457

 
19,761

Interest expense
 
23,651

 
19,239

 
14,910

Interest, dividend and other investment income
 
(410
)
 
(429
)
 
(313
)
Total other expense
 
74,430

 
65,189

 
54,670

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income before gain (loss) on sale or disposal of properties or assets and income taxes
 
9,419

 
5,156

 
7,411

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for income taxes
 
(386
)
 
(289
)
 
(372
)
Gain on sale of properties
 
16

 
3,357

 

Loss on sale or disposal of assets
 
(183
)
 
(96
)
 
(185
)
Income from continuing operations
 
8,866

 
8,128

 
6,854

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from discontinued operations
 

 

 
11

Income from discontinued operations
 

 

 
11

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
8,866

 
8,128

 
6,865

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Redeemable operating partnership units
 
254

 
182

 
116

Non-controlling interests in Consolidated Partnership
 
278

 
15

 

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
532

 
197

 
116

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to Whitestone REIT
 
$
8,334

 
$
7,931

 
$
6,749

 
 
See the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


F- 5

Table of Contents

Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic Earnings Per Share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations attributable to Whitestone REIT excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares
 
$
0.22

 
$
0.26

 
$
0.25

Income from discontinued operations attributable to Whitestone REIT
 
0.00

 
0.00

 
0.00

Net income attributable to common shareholders excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares
 
$
0.22

 
$
0.26

 
$
0.25

Diluted Earnings Per Share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations attributable to Whitestone REIT excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares
 
$
0.22

 
$
0.26

 
$
0.24

Income from discontinued operations attributable to Whitestone REIT
 
0.00

 
0.00

 
0.00

Net income attributable to common shareholders excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares
 
$
0.22

 
$
0.26

 
$
0.24

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 

 
 

Basic
 
35,428

 
27,618

 
24,631

Diluted
 
36,255

 
28,383

 
25,683

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Distributions declared per common share / OP unit
 
$
1.1400

 
$
1.1400

 
$
1.1400

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
8,866

 
$
8,128

 
$
6,865

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other comprehensive gain (loss)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrealized gain on cash flow hedging activities
 
2,022

 
929

 
46

Unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale marketable securities
 
118

 
82

 
(85
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive income
 
11,006

 
9,139

 
6,826

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
532

 
197

 
116

Less: Comprehensive gain (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
63

 
23

 
(1
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Comprehensive income attributable to Whitestone REIT
 
$
10,411

 
$
8,919

 
$
6,711








See the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


F- 6

Table of Contents

Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
 (in thousands, except per share and unit data)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noncontrolling Interests
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
General
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accumulated
 
 
 
Redeemable
 
Partner's
 
 
 
 
 
 
Additional
 
 
 
Other
 
Total
 
Operating
 
Interest in
 
 
 
 
Common Shares
 
Paid-in
 
Accumulated
 
Comprehensive
 
Shareholders'
 
Partnership
 
Consolidated
 
Total
 
 
Shares
 
Amount
 
Capital
 
Deficit
 
Gain/(Loss)
 
Equity
 
Units
 
Dollars
 
Partnership
 
Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balance, December 31, 2014
 
22,836

 
$
23

 
$
304,078

 
$
(93,938
)
 
$
(91
)
 
$
210,072

 
398

 
$
3,251

 
$

 
$
213,323

Exchange of noncontrolling interest OP units for common shares
 
21

 

 
173

 

 
1

 
174

 
(21
)
 
(174
)
 

 

Issuance of common shares under dividend reinvestment plan
 
7

 

 
95

 

 

 
95

 

 

 

 
95

Issuance of common shares, net of offering costs
 
3,750

 
4

 
49,645

 

 

 
49,649

 

 

 

 
49,649

Issuance of OP units
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
120

 
1,333

 

 
1,333

Repurchase of common shares (1)
 
(101
)
 

 
(1,357
)
 

 

 
(1,357
)
 

 

 

 
(1,357
)
Shared-based compensation
 
478

 

 
7,337

 

 

 
7,337

 

 

 

 
7,337

Distributions
 

 

 

 
(29,706
)
 

 
(29,706
)
 

 
(509
)
 

 
(30,215
)
Unrealized gain on change in fair value of cash flow hedge
 

 

 

 

 
45

 
45

 

 
1

 

 
46

Unrealized loss on change in fair value of available-for sale marketable securities
 

 

 

 

 
(84
)
 
(84
)
 

 
(1
)
 

 
(85
)
Net income
 

 

 

 
6,749

 

 
6,749

 

 
116

 

 
6,865

Balance, December 31, 2015
 
26,991

 
27

 
359,971

 
(116,895
)
 
(129
)
 
242,974

 
497

 
4,017

 

 
246,991

Exchange of noncontrolling interest OP units for common shares
 
15

 

 
125

 

 

 
125

 
(15
)
 
(125
)
 

 

Issuance of common shares under dividend reinvestment plan
 
9

 

 
114

 

 

 
114

 

 

 

 
114

Issuance of common shares, net of offering costs
 
2,064

 
2

 
30,012

 

 

 
30,014

 

 

 

 
30,014

Issuance of OP units
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
621

 
8,738

 

 
8,738

Repurchase of common shares (1)
 
(282
)
 

 
(3,948
)
 

 

 
(3,948
)
 

 

 

 
(3,948
)
Share-based compensation
 
671

 

 
10,231

 

 

 
10,231

 

 

 

 
10,231

Distributions
 

 

 

 
(32,731
)
 

 
(32,731
)
 

 
(905
)
 

 
(33,636
)
Unrealized gain on change in fair value of cash flow hedge
 

 

 

 

 
908

 
908

 

 
21

 

 
929

Unrealized gain on change in fair value of available-for sale marketable securities
 

 

 

 

 
80

 
80

 

 
2

 

 
82

Reallocation of ownership percentage between parent and subsidiary
 

 

 
(11
)
 

 

 
(11
)
 

 
11

 

 

Net income
 

 

 

 
7,931

 

 
7,931

 

 
182

 
15

 
8,128

Balance, December 31, 2016
 
29,468

 
29

 
396,494

 
(141,695
)
 
859

 
255,687

 
1,103

 
11,941

 
15

 
267,643

Exchange of noncontrolling interest OP units for common shares
 
19

 

 
206

 

 

 
206

 
(19
)
 
(206
)
 

 

Issuance of common shares under dividend reinvestment plan
 
9

 

 
127

 

 

 
127

 

 

 

 
127

Issuance of common shares - ATM Program, net of offering costs
 
1,324

 
1

 
18,516

 

 

 
18,517

 

 

 

 
18,517

Issuance of common shares - overnight offering, net of offering costs
 
8,019

 
8

 
99,887

 

 

 
99,895

 

 

 

 
99,895

Repurchase of common shares (1)
 
(324
)
 

 
(4,339
)
 

 

 
(4,339
)
 

 

 

 
(4,339
)
Share-based compensation
 
707

 

 
10,410

 

 

 
10,410

 

 

 

 
10,410

Distributions
 

 

 

 
(43,323
)
 

 
(43,323
)
 

 
(1,239
)
 
(379
)
 
(44,941
)
Unrealized gain on change in fair value of cash flow hedge
 

 

 

 

 
1,962

 
1,962

 

 
60

 

 
2,022

Unrealized gain on change in fair value of available-for sale marketable securities
 

 

 

 

 
115

 
115

 

 
3

 

 
118

Reallocation of ownership percentage between parent and subsidiary
 

 

 
13

 

 

 
13

 

 
(13
)
 

 

Net income
 

 

 

 
8,334

 

 
8,334

 

 
254

 
278

 
8,866

Balance, December 31, 2017
 
39,222

 
$
38

 
$
521,314

 
$
(176,684
)
 
$
2,936

 
$
347,604

 
1,084

 
$
10,800

 
$
(86
)
 
$
358,318


(1) 
During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, the Company acquired common shares held by employees who tendered owned common shares to satisfy the tax withholding on the lapse of certain restrictions on restricted shares.



See the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F- 7

Table of Contents

Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income from continuing operations
 
$
8,866

 
$
8,128

 
$
6,854

Net income from discontinued operations
 

 

 
11

Net income
 
8,866

 
8,128

 
6,865

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
 
 

 
 

 
 

Depreciation and amortization
 
27,240

 
22,457

 
19,761

Amortization of deferred loan costs
 
1,283

 
1,554

 
1,212

Amortization of notes payable discount
 
508

 
391

 
295

Loss (gain) on sale of marketable securities
 
91

 

 
(44
)
Loss (gain) on sale or disposal of assets and properties
 
167

 
(3,261
)
 
185

Bad debt expense
 
2,340

 
1,585

 
1,974

Share-based compensation
 
10,410

 
10,231

 
7,337

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Escrows and acquisition deposits
 
(3,484
)
 
48

 
(2,576
)
Accrued rent and accounts receivable
 
(5,893
)
 
(6,070
)
 
(5,606
)
Unamortized lease commissions
 
(2,864
)
 
(2,638
)
 
(1,918
)
Prepaid expenses and other assets
 
536

 
1,047

 
394

Accounts payable and accrued expenses
 
999

 
4,837

 
7,419

Tenants' security deposits
 
760

 
871

 
882

Net cash provided by operating activities
 
40,959

 
39,180

 
36,169

Net cash provided by operating activities of discontinued operations
 

 

 
11

Cash flows from investing activities:
 
 

 
 

 
 

Acquisitions of real estate
 
(125,468
)
 
(60,616
)
 
(147,950
)
Additions to real estate
 
(17,575
)
 
(22,036
)
 
(12,719
)
Proceeds from sales of properties
 
26

 
6,897

 

Proceeds from sales of marketable securities
 
513

 

 
496

Net cash used in investing activities
 
(142,504
)
 
(75,755
)
 
(160,173
)
Net cash used in investing activities of discontinued operations
 

 

 

Cash flows from financing activities:
 
 

 
 

 
 

Distributions paid to common shareholders
 
(40,472
)
 
(31,911
)
 
(28,457
)
Distributions paid to OP unit holders
 
(1,241
)
 
(729
)
 
(489
)
Distributions paid to noncontrolling interest in Consolidated Partnership
 
(379
)
 

 

Proceeds from issuance of common shares, net of offering costs
 
118,412

 
30,014

 
49,649

Net proceeds from credit facility
 
45,600

 
59,000

 
107,500

Repayments of notes payable
 
(11,543
)
 
(14,335
)
 
(2,847
)
Payments of loan origination costs
 
(695
)
 

 
(1,534
)
Change in restricted cash
 
(149
)
 
65

 
(121
)
Repurchase of common shares
 
(4,339
)
 
(3,948
)
 
(1,357
)
Net cash provided by financing activities
 
105,194

 
38,156

 
122,344

Net cash provided by financing activities of discontinued operations
 

 

 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
 
3,649

 
1,581

 
(1,649
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
 
4,168

 
2,587

 
4,236

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
 
$
7,817

 
$
4,168

 
$
2,587



See the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


F- 8

Table of Contents

Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Supplemental Disclosures
(in thousands)
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
 
 

 
 

 
 

Cash paid for interest
 
$
22,541

 
$
18,287

 
$
13,470

Cash paid for taxes
 
$
337

 
$
284

 
$
315

Non cash investing and financing activities:
 
 

 
 

 
 

Disposal of fully depreciated real estate
 
$
1,036

 
$
690

 
$
57

Financed insurance premiums
 
$
1,115

 
$
1,060

 
$
1,057

Value of shares issued under dividend reinvestment plan
 
$
127

 
$
114

 
$
95

Value of common shares exchanged for OP units
 
$
206

 
$
125

 
$
174

Change in fair value of available-for-sale securities
 
$
118

 
$
82

 
$
85

Change in fair value of cash flow hedge
 
$
2,022

 
$
929

 
$
(46
)
Acquisition of real estate in exchange for OP units
 
$

 
$
8,738

 
$
1,333

Reallocation of ownership percentage between parent and subsidiary
 
$
13

 
$
11

 
$

Debt issued with acquisitions of real estate
 
$
80,000

 
$

 
$



See the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.


F- 9

Table of Contents
WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017


1.  DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS
 
Whitestone REIT (“Whitestone”) was formed as a real estate investment trust, pursuant to the Texas Real Estate Investment Trust Act on August 20, 1998.  In July 2004, we changed our state of organization from Texas to Maryland pursuant to a merger where we merged directly with and into a Maryland real estate investment trust formed for the sole purpose of the reorganization and the conversion of each of our outstanding common shares of beneficial interest of the Texas entity into 1.42857 common shares of beneficial interest of the Maryland entity.  We serve as the general partner of Whitestone REIT Operating Partnership, L.P. (the “Operating Partnership” or “WROP” or “OP”), which was formed on December 31, 1998 as a Delaware limited partnership.  We currently conduct substantially all of our operations and activities through the Operating Partnership.  As the general partner of the Operating Partnership, we have the exclusive power to manage and conduct the business of the Operating Partnership, subject to certain customary exceptions.  As of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, we owned or held a majority interest in 73, 69, and 70 commercial properties, respectively, in and around Austin, Chicago, Dallas-Fort Worth, Houston, Phoenix and San Antonio.

These properties consist of:

Consolidated Operating Portfolio

51 wholly-owned properties that meet our Community Centered Properties® strategy; and

through our 81.4% majority interest in our consolidated subsidiary, Pillarstone Capital REIT Operating Partnership LP (“Pillarstone”) an interest in 14 consolidated properties that do not meet our Community Centered Properties® strategy.

Redevelopment, New Acquisitions Portfolio

two retail properties that meet our Community Centered Properties® strategy; and

six parcels of land held for future development.

2.  SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Basis of Consolidation.  We are the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership and possess full legal control and authority over the operations of the Operating Partnership.  As of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, we owned a majority of the partnership interests in the Operating Partnership. Consequently, the accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Operating Partnership. We also consolidate a variable interest entity (“VIE”) when we are determined to be the primary beneficiary. Determination of the primary beneficiary is based on whether an entity has (1) the power to direct activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the VIE and (2) the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits of the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. Our determination of the primary beneficiary considers all relationships between us and the VIE, including management and other contractual agreements. See Note 5 for additional disclosure on our VIE.

Noncontrolling interest in the accompanying consolidated financial statements represents the share of equity and earnings of the Operating Partnership allocable to holders of partnership interests other than us.  Net income or loss is allocated to noncontrolling interests based on the weighted-average percentage ownership of the Operating Partnership during the year.  Issuance of additional common shares of beneficial interest in Whitestone (the “common shares”) and units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership that are convertible into cash or, at our option, common shares on a one-for-one basis (the “OP units”) changes the percentage of ownership interests of both the noncontrolling interests and Whitestone.
 
Basis of Accounting.  Our financial records are maintained on the accrual basis of accounting whereby revenues are recognized when earned and expenses are recorded when incurred.
 

F- 10

Table of Contents
WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017

Use of Estimates.   The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period.  Significant estimates that we use include the estimated fair values of properties acquired, the estimated useful lives for depreciable and amortizable assets and costs, the estimated allowance for doubtful accounts, the estimated fair value of interest rate swaps and the estimates supporting our impairment analysis for the carrying values of our real estate assets.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.
 
Reclassifications.  We have reclassified certain prior year amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements in order to be consistent with the current fiscal year presentation. During 2016, we reclassified certain deferred financing costs, previously classified as an asset as a direct reduction from the carrying amount of certain debt liabilities for all periods presented. Deferred financing costs related to our unsecured line of credit have not been reclassified. See Note 9 for additional information. These reclassifications had no effect on net income or equity.

Restricted Cash. We classify all cash pledged as collateral to secure certain obligations and all cash whose use is limited as restricted cash. During 2015, pursuant to the terms of our $15.1 million 4.99% Note, due January 6, 2024, which is collateralized by our Anthem Marketplace property, we were required by the lenders thereunder to establish a cash management account controlled by the lenders to collect all amounts generated by our Anthem Marketplace property in order to collateralize such promissory note. As a result, these amounts are reported in the consolidated statements of cash flows under cash flows from financing activities.
 
Share-Based Compensation.   From time to time, we award nonvested restricted common share awards or restricted common share unit awards, which may be converted into common shares, to executive officers and employees under our 2008 Long-Term Equity Incentive Ownership Plan (the “2008 Plan”).  The vast majority of the awarded shares and units vest when certain performance conditions are met.  We recognize compensation expense when achievement of the performance conditions is probable based on management’s most recent estimates using the fair value of the shares as of the grant date.  We recognized $10.4 million, $10.2 million and $7.3 million in share-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.  
  
Noncontrolling Interests.  Noncontrolling interests are the portion of equity in a subsidiary not attributable to a parent.  The ownership interests not held by the parent are considered noncontrolling interests.  Accordingly, we have reported noncontrolling interests in equity on the consolidated balance sheets but separate from Whitestone’s equity.  On the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, subsidiaries are reported at the consolidated amount, including both the amount attributable to Whitestone and noncontrolling interests.  Consolidated statements of changes in equity are included for both quarterly and annual financial statements, including beginning balances, activity for the period and ending balances for shareholders’ equity, noncontrolling interests and total equity.
 
Revenue Recognition.  All leases on our properties are classified as operating leases, and the related rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the related leases.  Differences between rental income earned and amounts due per the respective lease agreements are capitalized or charged, as applicable, to accrued rents and accounts receivable.  Percentage rents are recognized as rental income when the thresholds upon which they are based have been met.  Recoveries from tenants for taxes, insurance, and other operating expenses are recognized as revenues in the period the corresponding costs are incurred.  We have established an allowance for doubtful accounts against the portion of tenant accounts receivable which is estimated to be uncollectible.
 
Cash and Cash Equivalents.  We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.  Cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 consisted of demand deposits at commercial banks and brokerage accounts. We may have net book credit balances in our primary disbursement accounts at the end of a reporting period. We classify such credit balances as accounts payable in our consolidated balance sheets as checks presented for payment to these accounts are not payable by our banks under overdraft arrangements, and, therefore, do not represent short-term borrowings. As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, there were net book credit balances of $0.8 million and $1.5 million, respectively, in our primary disbursement accounts that were classified as accounts payable on our consolidated balance sheets.


F- 11

Table of Contents
WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017

Marketable Securities. We classify our existing marketable equity securities as available-for-sale in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board's (“FASB”) Investments-Debt and Equity Securities guidance. These securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported in equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. The fair value of the marketable securities is determined using Level 1 inputs under FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.” Level 1 inputs represent quoted prices available in an active market for identical investments as of the reporting date. Gains and losses on securities sold are based on the specific identification method, and are reported as a component of interest, dividend and other investment income.

Real Estate
 
Development Properties.  Land, buildings and improvements are recorded at cost. Expenditures related to the development of real estate are carried at cost which includes capitalized carrying charges and development costs. Carrying charges (interest and real estate taxes) are capitalized as part of construction in progress. The capitalization of such costs ceases when the property, or any completed portion, becomes available for occupancy. For the year ended December 31, 2017, approximately $439,000 and $277,000 in interest expense and real estate taxes, respectively, were capitalized. For the year ended December 31, 2016, approximately $324,000 and $71,000 in interest expense and real estate taxes, respectively, were capitalized. For the year ended December 31, 2015, approximately $106,000 and $69,000 in interest expense and real estate taxes, respectively, were capitalized. 

Acquired Properties and Acquired Lease Intangibles.  We allocate the purchase price of the acquired properties to land, building and improvements, identifiable intangible assets and to the acquired liabilities based on their respective fair values at the time of purchase. Identifiable intangibles include amounts allocated to acquired out-of-market leases, the value of in-place leases and customer relationship value, if any. We determine fair value based on estimated cash flow projections that utilize appropriate discount and capitalization rates and available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including the historical operating results, known trends and specific market and economic conditions that may affect the property. Factors considered by management in our analysis of determining the as-if-vacant property value include an estimate of carrying costs during the expected lease-up periods considering market conditions, and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, management includes real estate taxes, insurance and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up periods, tenant demand and other economic conditions. Management also estimates costs to execute similar leases including leasing commissions, tenant improvements, legal and other related expenses. Intangibles related to out-of-market leases and in-place lease value are recorded as acquired lease intangibles and are amortized as an adjustment to rental revenue or amortization expense, as appropriate, over the remaining terms of the underlying leases. Premiums or discounts on acquired out-of-market debt are amortized to interest expense over the remaining term of such debt.
 
Depreciation.  Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of 5 to 39 years for improvements and buildings, respectively.  Tenant improvements are depreciated using the straight-line method over the life of the improvement or remaining term of the lease, whichever is shorter.
  
Impairment.  We review our properties for impairment at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets, including accrued rental income, may not be recoverable through operations.  We determine whether an impairment in value has occurred by comparing the estimated future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges), including the estimated residual value of the property, with the carrying cost of the property.  If impairment is indicated, a loss will be recorded for the amount by which the carrying value of the property exceeds its fair value.  Management has determined that there has been no impairment in the carrying value of our real estate assets as of December 31, 2017.
 
Accrued Rents and Accounts Receivable.  Included in accrued rent and accounts receivable are base rents, tenant reimbursements and receivables attributable to recording rents on a straight-line basis. An allowance for the uncollectible portion of accrued rents and accounts receivable is determined based upon customer credit-worthiness (including expected recovery of our claim with respect to any tenants in bankruptcy), historical bad debt levels, and current economic trends.  As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, we had an allowance for uncollectible accounts of $9.1 million and $7.3 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, we recorded bad debt expense in the amount of $2.3 million, $1.6 million and $2.0 million, respectively, related to tenant receivables that we specifically identified as potentially uncollectible based on our assessment of each tenant’s credit-worthiness.  Bad debt expenses and any related recoveries are included in property operation and maintenance expense.

F- 12

Table of Contents
WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017

 
Unamortized Lease Commissions and Loan Costs.  Leasing commissions are amortized using the straight-line method over the terms of the related lease agreements.  Loan costs are amortized on the straight-line method over the terms of the loans, which approximates the interest method.  Costs allocated to in-place leases whose terms differ from market terms related to acquired properties are amortized over the remaining life of the respective leases.

Prepaids and Other Assets.  Prepaids and other assets include escrows established pursuant to certain mortgage financing arrangements for real estate taxes and insurance and acquisition deposits which include earnest money deposits on future acquisitions.

Federal Income Taxes.  We elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code beginning with our taxable year ended December 31, 1999.  As a REIT, we generally are not subject to federal income tax on income that we distribute to our shareholders.  If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates.  We believe that we are organized and operate in such a manner as to qualify to be taxed as a REIT, and we intend to operate so as to remain qualified as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.

State Taxes.  We are subject to the Texas Margin Tax, which is computed by applying the applicable tax rate (1% for us) to the profit margin, which, generally, will be determined for us as total revenue less a 30% standard deduction.  Although the Texas Margin Tax is not considered an income tax, FASB ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”) applies to the Texas Margin Tax.  As of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, we recorded a margin tax provision of $0.4 million, $0.2 million and $0.4 million, respectively.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments.  Our financial instruments consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts and notes payable and investments in marketable securities.  The carrying value of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable are representative of their respective fair values due to their short-term nature.  The fair value of our long-term debt, consisting of fixed rate secured notes, variable rate secured notes and an unsecured revolving credit facility aggregate to approximately $659.6 million and $540.0 million as compared to the book value of approximately $660.9 million and $545.5 million as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The fair value of our long-term debt is estimated on a Level 2 basis (as provided by ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”)), using a discounted cash flow analysis based on the borrowing rates currently available to us for loans with similar terms and maturities, discounting the future contractual interest and principal payments.

Disclosure about fair value of financial instruments is based on pertinent information available to management as of December 31, 2017 and 2016. Although management is not aware of any factors that would significantly affect the fair value amounts, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued for purposes of these financial statements since December 31, 2017 and current estimates of fair value may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. We occasionally utilize derivative financial instruments, principally interest rate swaps, to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. We have established policies and procedures for risk assessment, and the approval, reporting and monitoring of derivative financial instruments. We recognize our interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges with the effective portion of the changes in fair value recorded in comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged transaction affects earnings. Any ineffective portion of a cash flow hedge's change in fair value is recorded immediately into earnings. Our cash flow hedges are determined using Level 2 inputs under ASC 820. Level 2 inputs represent quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable. As of December 31, 2017, we consider our cash flow hedges to be highly effective.

Concentration of Risk.  Substantially all of our revenues are obtained from office, warehouse and retail locations in the Austin, Chicago, Dallas-Fort Worth, Houston, Phoenix and San Antonio metropolitan areas. We maintain cash accounts in major U.S. financial institutions. The terms of these deposits are on demand to minimize risk. The balances of these accounts sometimes exceed the federally insured limits, although no losses have been incurred in connection with these deposits.


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Table of Contents
WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017

Recent Accounting Pronouncements. In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance, as amended in subsequent updates, establishing a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and supersedes most of the existing revenue recognition guidance. The standard also requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services and also requires certain additional disclosures. This guidance became effective for the reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We have adopted this guidance on a modified retrospective basis beginning January 1, 2018 and do not expect this standard to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance requiring lessees to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for all leases. Lessor accounting will remain largely unchanged with the exception of changes related to costs which qualify as initial direct costs. The guidance will also require new qualitative and quantitative disclosures to help financial statement users better understand the timing, amount and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. This guidance will be effective for reporting periods on or after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We will adopt this guidance on a modified retrospective basis beginning January 1, 2019, and such adoption will result in certain costs (primarily legal costs related to lease negotiations) being expensed rather than capitalized. We capitalized $436,000 in legal related costs for the year ended December 31, 2017.

In March 2016, the FASB issued guidance simplifying the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including the income tax consequences, balance sheet classification of awards and the classification on the statement of cash flows. We have adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2017. The main provision regarding excess tax benefits did not have an impact on our consolidated financial statements due to our status as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. We have elected to continue estimating the number of shares expected to vest in order to determine compensation cost, and we will continue to classify cash paid by us for employee taxes when common shares were repurchased to cover minimum statutory requirements under cash flows from financing activities.

In November 2016, the FASB issued guidance requiring that the statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. This guidance became effective for the reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We have adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2018, and we will reconcile cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents on a retrospective basis, whereas under the previous guidance, we reported restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents under cash flows from financing activities.

In January 2017, the FASB issued guidance clarifying the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or dispositions) of assets or businesses. This guidance became effective for the reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We have adopted this guidance on a prospective basis beginning January 1, 2018 and believe the majority of our future acquisitions will qualify as asset acquisitions and the associated transaction costs will be capitalized as opposed to expensed under previous guidance.

In February 2017, the FASB issued guidance clarifying the scope of asset derecognition guidance, adds guidance for partial sales of nonfinancial assets and clarifies recognizing gains and losses from the transfer of nonfinancial assets in contracts with noncustomers. This guidance became effective for the reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We have adopted this guidance on a modified retrospective basis beginning January 1, 2018 and do not expect the adoption of this guidance to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.


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Table of Contents
WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017

3. MARKETABLE SECURITIES
  
All of our marketable securities were classified as available-for-sale securities as of December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015. Available-for-sale securities consist of the following (in thousands):
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gains in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
 
Losses in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
 
Estimated Fair Value
Real estate sector common stock
 
$
50

 
$

 
$
(18
)
 
$
32

Total available-for-sale securities
 
$
50

 
$

 
$
(18
)
 
$
32


 
 
December 31, 2016
 
 
Amortized Cost
 
Gains in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
 
Losses in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
 
Estimated Fair Value
Real estate sector common stock
 
$
654

 
$

 
$
(137
)
 
$
517

Total available-for-sale securities
 
$
654

 
$

 
$
(137
)
 
$
517


During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2015, available-for-sale securities were sold for total proceeds of $513,000 and $496,000, respectively. The gross realized gains and losses on these sales totaled $5,000 and $96,000, respectively, in 2017, and $44,000 and $0, respectively, in 2015. During the year ended December 31, 2016, no available-for-sale securities were sold. For the purpose of determining gross realized gains and losses, the cost of securities sold is based on specific identification. A net unrealized holding loss on available-for-sale securities in the amount of $18,000 and $137,000 for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively, has been included in accumulated other comprehensive income.

4.  REAL ESTATE
 
As of December 31, 2017, we owned or held a majority interest in 73 commercial properties in the Austin, Chicago, Dallas-Fort Worth, Houston, Phoenix and San Antonio areas comprised of approximately 6.6 million square feet of gross leasable area (“GLA”).
 
Property Acquisitions. On December 29, 2017, we acquired a 1.83 acre parcel of undeveloped land for $0.9 million in cash and net prorations. The undeveloped land parcel is the hard corner at our Eldorado Plaza property.

On May 26, 2017, we acquired BLVD Place, a property that meets our Community Centered Property® strategy, for $158.0 million, including $80.0 million of asset level mortgage financing and $78.0 million in cash and net prorations. BLVD Place, a 216,944 square foot property, was 99% leased at the time of purchase and is located in Houston, Texas. Included in the purchase of BLVD Place is approximately 1.43 acres of developable land. Revenue and net income attributable to BLVD Place of $9.3 million and $5.1 million, respectively, have been included in our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017.

On May 3, 2017, we acquired Eldorado Plaza, a property that meets our Community Centered Property® strategy, for $46.6 million in cash and net prorations. Eldorado Plaza, a 221,577 square foot property, was 96% leased at the time of purchase and is located in McKinney, Texas, a suburb of Dallas, Texas. Revenue and net income attributable to Eldorado Plaza of $3.0 million and $1.6 million, respectively, have been included in our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2017.


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WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017

On September 30, 2016, we acquired La Mirada and Seville, properties that meet our Community Centered Property® strategy, for 621,053 OP units and $60.7 million in cash and net prorations. The OP units are redeemable for cash or, at our option, Whitestone REIT common shares on a one-for-one basis, subject to certain restrictions. La Mirada, a 147,209 square foot property, was 90% leased at the time of purchase. Seville, a 90,042 square foot property, was 88% leased at the time of purchase. Both properties are located in Scottsdale, Arizona.

On August 28, 2015, we acquired the hard corner at our Gilbert Tuscany Village property for approximately $1.7 million in cash and net prorations. The 14,603 square foot single-tenant property was vacant at the time of purchase and is located in Gilbert, Arizona.
    
On August 26, 2015, we acquired two parcels of undeveloped land totaling 3.12 acres for 120,000 OP units. The OP units, are convertible on a one-for-one basis for Whitestone REIT common shares, subject to certain restrictions. The undeveloped land parcels are adjacent to our Keller Place property.
    
On August 26, 2015, we acquired Keller Place, a property that meets our Community Centered Property® strategy, for approximately $12.0 million in cash and net prorations. The 93,541 square foot property was 92% leased at the time of purchase and is located in the Keller suburb of Fort Worth, Texas.

On August 26, 2015, we acquired Quinlan Crossing, a property that meets our Community Centered Property® strategy, for approximately $37.5 million in cash and net prorations. The 109,892 square foot property was 95% leased at the time of purchase and is located in Austin, Texas.

On July 2, 2015, we acquired Parkside Village North, a property that meets our Community Centered Property® strategy, for approximately $12.5 million in cash and net prorations. The 27,045 square foot property was 100% leased at the time of purchase and is located in Austin, Texas.

On July 2, 2015, we acquired Parkside Village South, a property that meets our Community Centered Property® strategy, for approximately $32.5 million in cash and net prorations. The 90,101 square foot property was 100% leased at the time of purchase and is located in Austin, Texas.

On May 27, 2015, we acquired Davenport Village, a property that meets our Community Centered Property® strategy, for approximately $45.5 million in cash and net prorations. The 128,934 square foot property was 85% leased at the time of purchase and is located in Austin, Texas.

On March 31, 2015, we acquired City View Village, a property that meets our Community Centered Property® strategy, for approximately $6.3 million in cash and net prorations. The 17,870 square foot property was 100% leased at the time of purchase and is located in San Antonio, Texas.


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WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017

Unaudited pro forma results of operations. The following unaudited pro forma results summarized below reflect our consolidated results of operations as if our acquisitions for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 were acquired on January 1, 2015. The unaudited consolidated pro forma results of operations is not necessarily indicative of what the actual results of operations would have been, assuming the transactions had been completed as set forth above, nor do they purport to represent our results of operations for future periods.
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Total property revenues
 
$
133,663

 
$
129,385

 
$
127,485

Net income
 
$
11,600

 
$
16,978

 
$
18,219

Net income attributable to Whitestone REIT (1)
 
$
10,990

 
$
16,583

 
$
17,912

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic Earnings Per Share:
 
$
0.28

 
$
0.45

 
$
0.53

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Diluted Earnings Per Share:
 
$
0.27

 
$
0.44

 
$
0.52

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic (2)
 
37,933

 
35,637

 
32,650

Diluted (2)
 
38,760

 
36,402

 
33,702


(1) 
Net income attributable to Whitestone REIT reflects historical ownership percentages and does not reflect the effects of the April Offering (as defined in Note 14), assuming the sale of the common shares took place on January 1, 2015, as the related impact on ownership percentage is minimal.

(2) 
Pro forma weighted averages reflect the April Offering, assuming the sale of the common shares took place on January 1, 2015.

Acquisition costs. Acquisition-related costs of $1.6 million, $2.1 million and $1.7 million are included in general and administrative expenses in our income statements for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively.

Development properties. As of March 31, 2017, we had substantially completed construction at our Pinnacle of Scottsdale Phase II property. As of December 31, 2017, we had incurred approximately $5,200,000 in construction costs, including approximately $565,000 in previously capitalized interest and real estate taxes. The 27,063 square foot Community Centered Property® was 91% leased at year end and is located in Scottsdale, Arizona, and adjacent to Pinnacle of Scottsdale.

As of December 31, 2016, we had substantially completed construction at our Shops at Starwood Phase III property. As of December 31, 2017, we had incurred approximately $8.0 million in construction costs, including approximately $1.0 million in previously capitalized interest and real estate taxes. The 35,351 square foot Community Centered Property® was 71% leased at year end and is located in Frisco, Texas, a northern suburb of Dallas, Texas, and adjacent to Shops at Starwood.

Property dispositions. On November 29, 2016, we completed the sale of Centre South and Webster Pointe, located in Houston, Texas, for $4.9 million. This disposition was pursuant to our strategy of recycling capital by disposing of Non-Core Properties, primarily properties that we owned at the time our current management team assumed the management of the Company, that do not fit our Community Centered Property® strategy. As part of the transaction, we provided short-term seller financing of $1.7 million. We recorded a gain on sale of $2.2 million, including recognizing a $0.5 million gain on sale for the year ended December 31, 2016 and deferring the remaining $1.7 million gain on sale to be recognized upon receipt of principal payments on the financing provided by us. We have not included Centre South and Webster Pointe in discontinued operations as the sale did not meet the definition of discontinued operations.


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WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017

On March 3, 2016, we completed the sale of Brookhill, located in Houston, Texas, for $3.1 million. This disposition was pursuant to our strategy of recycling capital by disposing of Non-Core Properties, primarily properties that we owned at the time our current management team assumed the management of the Company, that do not fit our Community Centered Property® strategy. We recorded a gain on sale of $1.9 million. The sale was structured as a like-kind exchange within the meaning of Section 1031 of the Code and sales proceeds were deposited into a Section 1031 exchange escrow account with a qualified intermediary and subsequently distributed for general corporate purposes. We have not included Brookhill in discontinued operations as it did not meet the definition of discontinued operations.

On February 17, 2016, we completed the sale of approximately 0.5 acres of our 4.5 acre Pinnacle Phase II development parcel, located in Scottsdale, Arizona, for $1.1 million. We recorded a gain on sale of $1.0 million.

Involuntary conversion. On August 29, 2015, we experienced a fire at our Corporate Park Northwest property, located in Houston, Texas. As a result, we recorded involuntary conversion losses of $447,000 related to the disposal of 11,268 square feet of property and related improvements and $55,000 in demolition costs which were offset with $569,000 in insurance proceeds. The $67,000 gain on conversion is included as a reduction in our loss on sale or disposal of assets in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

Hurricane Harvey. In August 2017, Hurricane Harvey impacted the South Texas region, including Houston, Texas. The majority of our Houston properties incurred minor damage and as a result, we recorded approximately $0.5 million in Harvey related repairs recorded in property operation and maintenance expense for the year ended December 31, 2017, with no insurance recoveries expected.

5. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

On December 8, 2016, we, through our Operating Partnership, entered into a Contribution Agreement (the “Contribution Agreement”) with Pillarstone and Pillarstone Capital REIT (“Pillarstone REIT”) pursuant to which we contributed all of the equity interests in four of our wholly-owned subsidiaries: Whitestone CP Woodland Ph. 2, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“CP Woodland”); Whitestone Industrial-Office, LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“Industrial-Office”); Whitestone Offices, LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“Whitestone Offices”); and Whitestone Uptown Tower, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Uptown Tower”, and together with CP Woodland, Industrial-Office and Whitestone Offices, the “Entities”) that own 14 Non-Core Properties that do not fit our Community Centered Property® strategy, to Pillarstone for aggregate consideration of approximately $84.0 million, consisting of (1) approximately 18.1 million Class A units representing limited partnership interests in Pillarstone (“Pillarstone OP Units”), issued at a price of $1.331 per Pillarstone OP Unit; and (2) the assumption of approximately $65.9 million of liabilities, consisting of (a) approximately $15.5 million of our liability under the 2014 Facility (as defined in Note 9); (b) an approximately $16.3 million promissory note of Uptown Tower under the Loan Agreement, dated as of September 26, 2013, between Uptown Tower, as borrower, and U.S. Bank, National Association, as successor to Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC, as lender; and (c) an approximately $34.1 million promissory note (the “Industrial-Office Promissory Note”) of Industrial-Office issued under the Loan Agreement, dated as of November 26, 2013 (the “Industrial-Office Loan Agreement”), between Industrial-Office, as borrower, and Jackson National Life Insurance Company, as lender (collectively, the “Contribution”).

In connection with the Contribution, on December 8, 2016, the Operating Partnership entered into an OP Unit Purchase Agreement (the “OP Unit Purchase Agreement”) with Pillarstone REIT and Pillarstone pursuant to which the Operating Partnership agreed to purchase up to an aggregate of $3.0 million of Pillarstone OP Units at a price of $1.331 per Pillarstone OP Unit over the two-year term of the OP Unit Purchase Agreement on the terms set forth therein. The OP Unit Purchase Agreement contains customary closing conditions and the parties have made certain customary representations, warranties and indemnifications to each other in the OP Unit Purchase Agreement. In addition, pursuant to the OP Unit Purchase Agreement, in the event of a Change of Control (as defined therein) of the Company, Pillarstone shall have the right, but not the obligation, to repurchase the Pillarstone OP Units issued thereunder from the Operating Partnership at their initial issue price of $1.331 per Pillarstone OP Unit.


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Table of Contents
WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017

In connection with the Contribution, (1) with respect to each Non-Core Property (other than Uptown Tower), Whitestone TRS, Inc., a subsidiary of the Company (“Whitestone TRS”), entered into a Management Agreement with the Entity that owns such Non-Core Property and (2) with respect to Uptown Tower, Whitestone TRS entered into a Management Agreement with Pillarstone (collectively, the “Management Agreements”). Pursuant to the Management Agreements with respect to each Non-Core Property (other than Uptown Tower), Whitestone TRS agreed to provide certain property management, leasing and day-to-day advisory and administrative services to such Non-Core Property in exchange for (x) a monthly property management fee equal to 5.0% of the monthly revenues of such Non-Core Property and (y) a monthly asset management fee equal to 0.125% of GAV (as defined in each Management Agreement as, generally, the purchase price of the respective Non-Core Property based upon the purchase price allocations determined pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, excluding all indebtedness, liabilities or claims of any nature) of such Non-Core Property. Pursuant to the Management Agreement with respect to Uptown Tower, Whitestone TRS agreed to provide certain property management, leasing and day-to-day advisory and administrative services to Pillarstone in exchange for (x) a monthly property management fee equal to 3.0% of the monthly revenues of Uptown Tower and (y) a monthly asset management fee equal to 0.125% of GAV of Uptown Tower.

As of December 31, 2017, we owned approximately 81.4% of the total outstanding units of Pillarstone. Additionally, certain of our Named Executive Officers and Trustees serve as Officers and Trustees of Pillarstone REIT. We have determined that we are the primary beneficiary of Pillarstone, through our power to direct the activities of Pillarstone, additional working capital required by Pillarstone under the OP Unit Purchase Agreement and our obligation to absorb losses and receive benefits based on our ownership percentage. Accordingly, we account for Pillarstone as a VIE and fully consolidate in our consolidated financial statements.

The carrying amounts and classification of certain assets and liabilities for Pillarstone in our consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, consists of the following (in thousands):

 
 
December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
Real estate assets, at cost
 
 
 
 
  Property
 
$
95,146

 
$
92,338

  Accumulated depreciation
 
(35,980
)
 
(32,533
)
    Total real estate assets
 
59,166

 
59,805

Cash and cash equivalents
 
2,812

 
1,236

Escrows and acquisition deposits
 
2,188

 
2,274

Accrued rents and accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts(1)
 
2,364

 
2,313

Unamortized lease commissions and loan costs
 
1,265

 
1,150

Prepaid expenses and other assets(2)
 
65

 
82

     Total assets
 
$
67,860

 
$
66,860

 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities
 
 
 
 
  Notes payable(3)
 
$
48,840

 
$
50,001

  Accounts payable and accrued expenses(4)
 
3,494

 
3,481

  Tenants' security deposits
 
1,191

 
996

     Total liabilities
 
$
53,525

 
$
54,478


(1) 
Excludes approximately $1.3 million and $0.5 million in accounts receivable due from Whitestone that were eliminated in consolidation as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

(2) 
Excludes approximately $0.9 million in prepaid expenses due from Whitestone that were eliminated in consolidation as of December 31, 2016.

(3) 
Excludes approximately $15.5 million and $15.5 million in notes payable due to Whitestone that were eliminated in consolidation as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

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WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017


(4) 
Excludes approximately $1.0 million and $0.3 million in accounts payable due to Whitestone that were eliminated in consolidation as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

6.  ACCRUED RENTS AND ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET
 
Accrued rents and accounts receivable, net, consists of amounts accrued, billed and due from tenants, allowance for doubtful accounts and other receivables as follows (in thousands):
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
Tenant receivables
 
$
15,124

 
$
12,972

Accrued rents and other recoveries
 
17,527

 
14,237

Allowance for doubtful accounts
 
(9,147
)
 
(7,258
)
Totals
 
$
23,504

 
$
19,951


7.  UNAMORTIZED LEASE COMMISSIONS AND LOAN COSTS
 
Costs which have been deferred consist of the following (in thousands):

 
 
December 31,
 
 
2017
 
2016
Leasing commissions
 
$
10,797

 
$
8,720

Deferred legal cost
 
436

 

Deferred financing cost
 
4,071

 
4,071

Total cost
 
15,304

 
12,791

Less: leasing commissions accumulated amortization
 
(4,753
)
 
(3,597
)
Less: deferred legal cost accumulated amortization
 
(66
)
 

Less: deferred financing cost accumulated amortization
 
(2,063
)
 
(1,111
)
Total cost, net of accumulated amortization
 
$
8,422

 
$
8,083


     A summary of expected future amortization of deferred costs is as follows (in thousands):
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
Leasing Commissions
 
Deferred Legal Costs
 
Deferred Financing Costs
 
Total
2018
 
$
1,516

 
$
79

 
$
855

 
$
2,450

2019
 
1,276

 
69

 
369

 
1,714

2020
 
1,065

 
56

 
359

 
1,480

2021
 
835

 
44

 
235

 
1,114

2022
 
602

 
35

 
190

 
827

Thereafter
 
750

 
87

 

 
837

Total
 
$
6,044

 
$
370

 
$
2,008

 
$
8,422

 

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WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017

8.  FUTURE MINIMUM LEASE INCOME
 
We lease the majority of our properties under noncancelable operating leases, which provide for minimum base rents plus, in some instances, contingent rents based upon a percentage of the tenants’ gross receipts. A summary of minimum future rents to be received (exclusive of renewals, tenant reimbursements, and contingent rents) under noncancelable operating leases in existence as of December 31, 2017 is as follows (in thousands): 

Years Ended December 31,
 
Minimum Future Rents
2018
 
$
91,716

2019
 
79,580

2020
 
65,752

2021
 
52,117

2022
 
39,386

Thereafter
 
147,748

Total
 
$
476,299


9.  DEBT
 
Mortgages and other notes payable consist of the following (in thousands):
 
 
December 31,
Description
 
2017
 
2016
Fixed rate notes
 
 
 
 
$10.5 million, LIBOR plus 2.00% Note, due September 24, 2018 (1)
 
$
9,740

 
$
9,980

$50.0 million, 1.75% plus 1.35% to 1.90% Note, due October 30, 2020 (2)
 
50,000

 
50,000

$50.0 million, 1.50% plus 1.35% to 1.90% Note, due January 29, 2021 (3)
 
50,000

 
50,000

$100.0 million, 1.73% plus 1.65% to 2.25% Note, due October 30, 2022 (4)
 
100,000

 
100,000

$80.0 million, 3.72% Note, due June 1, 2027
 
80,000

 

$37.0 million 3.76% Note, due December 1, 2020 (5)
 
33,148

 
34,166

$6.5 million 3.80% Note, due January 1, 2019
 
5,842

 
6,019

$19.0 million 4.15% Note, due December 1, 2024
 
19,000

 
19,000

$20.2 million 4.28% Note, due June 6, 2023
 
19,360

 
19,708

$14.0 million 4.34% Note, due September 11, 2024
 
13,944

 
14,000

$14.3 million 4.34% Note, due September 11, 2024
 
14,300

 
14,300

$16.5 million 4.97% Note, due September 26, 2023 (5)
 
16,058

 
16,298

$15.1 million 4.99% Note, due January 6, 2024
 
14,865

 
15,060

$9.2 million, Prime Rate less 2.00% Note, due December 29, 2017 (6)
 

 
7,869

$2.6 million 5.46% Note, due October 1, 2023
 
2,472

 
2,512

Floating rate notes
 
 
 
 
Unsecured line of credit, LIBOR plus 1.40% to 1.95%, due October 30, 2019 (7)
 
232,200

 
186,600

Total notes payable principal
 
660,929

 
545,512

Less deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization
 
(1,861
)
 
(1,492
)
 
 
$
659,068

 
$
544,020


(1)
Promissory note includes an interest rate swap that fixed the interest rate at 3.55% for the duration of the term.


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WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017

(2)
Promissory note includes an interest rate swap that fixed the LIBOR portion of Term Loan 1 (as defined below) at 0.84% through February 3, 2017 and 1.75% beginning February 3, 2017 through October 30, 2020.

(3) 
Promissory note includes an interest rate swap that fixed the LIBOR portion of Term Loan 2 (as defined below) at 1.50%.

(4) 
Promissory note includes an interest rate swap that fixed the LIBOR portion of Term Loan 3 (as defined below) at 1.73%.

(5) 
Promissory notes were assumed by Pillarstone in December 2016 (see Note 5).

(6) 
Promissory note includes an interest rate swap that fixed the interest rate at 5.72% for the duration of the term. As part of our acquisition of Paradise Plaza in August 2012, we recorded a discount on the note of $1.3 million, which amortizes into interest expense over the life of the loan and results in an imputed interest rate of 4.13%.

(7) 
Unsecured line of credit includes certain Pillarstone Properties.

Our mortgage debt was collateralized by 20 operating properties as of December 31, 2017 with a combined net book value of $340.6 million and 19 operating properties as of December 31, 2016 with a combined net book value of $189.4 million.  Our loans contain restrictions that would require the payment of prepayment penalties for the acceleration of outstanding debt and are secured by deeds of trust on certain of our properties and the assignment of certain rents and leases associated with those properties. 

On May 26, 2017, we, through our subsidiary, Whitestone BLVD Place LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, issued a $80.0 million promissory note to American General Life Insurance Company (the “BLVD Note”). The BLVD Note has a fixed interest rate of 3.72% and a maturity date of June 1, 2027. Proceeds from the BLVD Note were used to fund a portion of the purchase price of the acquisition of BLVD Place (See Note 4).

On November 7, 2014, we, through our Operating Partnership, entered into an unsecured revolving credit facility (the “2014 Facility”) with the lenders party thereto, with BMO Capital Markets Corp., Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and U.S. Bank, National Association, as co-lead arrangers and joint book runners, and Bank of Montreal, as administrative agent (the “Agent”). The 2014 Facility amended and restated our previous unsecured revolving credit facility. On October 30, 2015, we, through our Operating Partnership, entered into the First Amendment to the 2014 Facility (the “First Amendment”) with the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and the Agent . We refer to the 2014 Facility, as amended by the First Amendment, as the “Facility.”

Pursuant to the First Amendment, the Company made the following amendments to the 2014 Facility:

extended the maturity date of the $300 million unsecured revolving credit facility under the 2014 Facility (the “Revolver”) to October 30, 2019 from November 7, 2018;

converted $100 million of outstanding borrowings under the Revolver to a new $100 million unsecured term loan under the 2014 Facility (“Term Loan 3”) with a maturity date of October 30, 2022;

extended the maturity date of the first $50 million unsecured term loan under the 2014 Facility (“Term Loan 1”) to October 30, 2020 from February 17, 2017; and

extended the maturity date of the second $50 million unsecured term loan under the 2014 Facility (“Term Loan 2” and together with Term Loan 1 and Term Loan 3, the “Term Loans”) to January 29, 2021 from November 7, 2019.
    

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Table of Contents
WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017

Borrowings under the Facility accrue interest (at the Operating Partnership's option) at a Base Rate or an Adjusted LIBOR plus an applicable margin based upon our then existing leverage. As of December 31, 2017, the interest rate was 3.30%. The applicable margin for Adjusted LIBOR borrowings ranges from 1.40% to 1.95% for the Revolver and 1.35% to 2.25% for the Term Loans. Base Rate means the higher of: (a) the Agent's prime commercial rate, (b) the sum of (i) the average rate quoted by the Agent by two or more federal funds brokers selected by the Agent for sale to the Agent at face value of federal funds in the secondary market in an amount equal or comparable to the principal amount for which such rate is being determined, plus (ii) 1/2 of 1.00%, and (c) the LIBOR rate for such day plus 1.00%. Adjusted LIBOR means LIBOR divided by one minus the Eurodollar Reserve Percentage. The Eurodollar Reserve Percentage means the maximum reserve percentage at which reserves are imposed by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on eurocurrency liabilities.

We serve as the guarantor for funds borrowed by the Operating Partnership under the Facility. The Facility contains customary terms and conditions, including, without limitation, affirmative and negative covenants such as information reporting requirements, maximum secured indebtedness to total asset value, minimum EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization or extraordinary items) to fixed charges, and maintenance of a minimum net worth. The Facility also contains customary events of default with customary notice and cure, including, without limitation, nonpayment, breach of covenant, misrepresentation of representations and warranties in a material respect, cross-default to other major indebtedness, change of control, bankruptcy and loss of REIT tax status.

The Facility includes an accordion feature that will allow the Operating Partnership to increase the borrowing capacity to $700 million, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions. As of December 31, 2017, $432.2 million was drawn on the Facility and our unused borrowing capacity was $67.8 million, assuming that we use the proceeds of the Facility to acquire properties, or to repay debt on properties, that are eligible to be included in the unsecured borrowing base. Proceeds from the Facility were used for general corporate purposes, including property acquisitions, debt repayment, capital expenditures, the expansion, redevelopment and re-tenanting of properties in our portfolio and working capital. We intend to use the additional proceeds from the Facility for general corporate purposes, including property acquisitions, debt repayment, capital expenditure, the expansion, redevelopment and re-tenanting of properties in our portfolio and working capital.

On December 8, 2016, in connection with the Contribution, the Operating Partnership entered into the Second Amendment to the Facility and Reaffirmation of Guaranties (the “Second Amendment”) with Pillarstone, the Company and the other Guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and the Agent. Pursuant to the Second Amendment, following the Contribution, Whitestone Offices, LLC and Whitestone CP Woodland Ph. 2, LLC were permitted to remain Material Subsidiaries (as defined in the Facility) and Guarantors under the Facility and their respective Pillarstone Properties were each permitted to remain an Eligible Property (as defined in the Facility) and be included in the Borrowing Base (as defined in the Facility) under the Facility. In addition, on December 8, 2016, Pillarstone entered into the Limited Guarantee (the “Limited Guarantee”) with the Agent, pursuant to which Pillarstone agreed to be joined as a party to the Facility to provide a limited guarantee up to the amount of availability generated by the Pillarstone Properties owned by Whitestone Offices, LLC and Whitestone CP Woodland Ph. 2, LLC. As of December 31, 2017, Pillarstone accounted for approximately $15.5 million of the total amount drawn on the Facility.

Certain other of our loans are subject to customary covenants.  As of December 31, 2017, we were in compliance with all loan covenants.


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Table of Contents
WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017

Annual maturities of notes payable as of December 31, 2017 are due during the following years:

 
 
Amount Due
Year
 
(in thousands)
2018
 
$
12,208

2019
 
240,249

2020
 
82,827

2021
 
51,918

2022
 
102,007

Thereafter
 
171,720

Total
 
$
660,929

 
Contractual Obligations
 
As of December 31, 2017, we had the following contractual obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
Payment due by period (in thousands)
 
 
Consolidated Contractual Obligations
 
 
Total
 
Less than 1
year (2018)
 
1 - 3 years
(2019 - 2020)
 
3 - 5 years
(2021 - 2022)
 
More than
5 years
(after 2022)
Long-Term Debt - Principal
 
$
660,929

 
$
12,208

 
$
323,076

 
$
153,925

 
$
171,720

Long-Term Debt - Fixed Interest
 
80,790

 
15,223

 
28,954

 
18,200

 
18,413

Long-Term Debt - Variable Interest (1)
 
14,049

 
7,663

 
6,386

 

 

Unsecured credit facility - Unused commitment fee (2)
 
249

 
136

 
113

 

 

Operating Lease Obligations
 
57

 
33

 
20

 
4

 

Total
 
$
756,074

 
$
35,263

 
$
358,549

 
$
172,129

 
$
190,133


As of December 31, 2017, Pillarstone had the following contractual obligations included in the consolidated contractual obligations:
 
 
 
 
Payment due by period (in thousands)
 
 
Pillarstone Contractual Obligations
 
 
Total
 
Less than 1
year (2018)
 
1 - 3 years
(2019 - 2020)
 
3 - 5 years
(2021 - 2022)
 
More than
5 years
(after 2022)
Long-Term Debt - Principal
 
$
49,206

 
$
1,343

 
$
32,662

 
$
631

 
$
14,570

Long-Term Debt - Fixed Interest
 
7,921

 
2,019

 
3,882

 
1,481

 
539

Long-Term Debt - Variable Interest (3)
 
937

 
511

 
426

 

 

Total
 
$
58,064

 
$
3,873

 
$
36,970

 
$
2,112

 
$
15,109


(1)  
As of December 31, 2017, we had one loan totaling $232.2 million which bore interest at a floating rate.  The variable interest rate payments are based on LIBOR plus 1.40% to LIBOR plus 1.95%, which reflects our new interest rates under the Facility.  The information in the table above reflects our projected interest rate obligations for the floating rate payments based on one-month LIBOR as of December 31, 2017, of 1.37%.


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Table of Contents
WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017

(2) 
The unused commitment fees on the Facility, payable quarterly, are based on the average daily unused amount of the Facility. The fees are 0.20% for facility usage greater than 50% or 0.25% for facility usage less than 50%. The information in the table above reflects our projected obligations for the Facility based on our December 31, 2017 balance of $432.2 million.

(3) 
The variable interest relates to Pillarstone properties remaining in the Facility. As of December 31, 2017, Pillarstone accounted for approximately $15.5 million of the total amount drawn on the Facility.

10.  DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

The fair value of our interest rate swaps is as follows (in thousands):
 
 
Balance Sheet Location
 
Estimated Fair Value
Interest rate swaps:
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017
 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
 
$
(3,036
)
December 31, 2016
 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses
 
$
(662
)

On November 19, 2015, we, through our Operating Partnership, entered into an interest rate swap with Bank of Montreal that fixed the LIBOR portion of Term Loan 3 under the Facility at 1.73%. In the fourth quarter of 2015, pursuant to the terms of the agreement governing the interest rate swap, Bank of Montreal assigned $35.0 million of the swap to U.S. Bank, National Association, and $15.0 million of the swap to SunTrust Bank. See Note 9 for additional information regarding the Facility. The swap began on November 30, 2015 and will mature on October 28, 2022. We have designated the interest rate swap as a cash flow hedge with the effective portion of the changes in fair value to be recorded in comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value, if any, will be recognized directly in earnings.

On November 19, 2015, we, through our Operating Partnership, entered into an interest rate swap with Bank of Montreal that fixed the LIBOR portion of Term Loan 1 under the Facility at 1.75%. In the fourth quarter of 2015, pursuant to the terms of the agreement governing the interest rate swap, Bank of Montreal assigned $3.8 million of the swap to Regions Bank, $6.5 million of the swap to U.S. Bank, National Association, $14.0 million of the swap to Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, $14.0 million of the swap to Bank of America, N.A., and $5.0 million of the swap to SunTrust Bank. See Note 9 for additional information regarding the Facility. The swap will begin on February 3, 2017 and will mature on October 30, 2020. We have designated the interest rate swap as a cash flow hedge with the effective portion of the changes in fair value to be recorded in comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value, if any, will be recognized directly in earnings.

On November 19, 2015, we, through our Operating Partnership, entered into an interest rate swap with Bank of Montreal that fixed the LIBOR portion of Term Loan 2 under the Facility at 1.50%. In the fourth quarter of 2015, pursuant to the terms of the agreement governing the interest rate swap, Bank of Montreal assigned $3.8 million of the swap to Regions Bank, $6.5 million of the swap to U.S. Bank, National Association, $14.0 million of the swap to Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, $14.0 million of the swap to Bank of America, N.A., and $5.0 million of the swap to SunTrust Bank. See Note 9 for additional information regarding the Facility. The swap began on December 7, 2015 and will mature on January 29, 2021. We have designated the interest rate swap as a cash flow hedge with the effective portion of the changes in fair value to be recorded in comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value, if any, will be recognized directly in earnings.
    
A summary of our interest rate swap activity is as follows (in thousands):
 
 
Amount Recognized as Comprehensive Income
 
Location of Loss Recognized in Earnings
 
Amount of Loss Recognized in Earnings (1)
Year ended December 31, 2017
 
$
2,022

 
Interest expense
 
$
(1,575
)
Year ended December 31, 2016
 
$
929

 
Interest expense
 
$
(2,385
)
Year ended December 31, 2015
 
$
46

 
Interest expense
 
$
(991
)

(1) 
Amounts represent the effective portions of our interest rate swaps. We did not recognize any ineffective portion of our interest rate swaps in earnings for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015.


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Table of Contents
WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017

11.  EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share for our common shareholders is calculated by dividing income from continuing operations excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares and the net income attributable to non-controlling interests by our weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period.  Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the net income attributable to common shareholders excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares and the net income attributable to non-controlling interests by the weighted-average number of common shares including any dilutive unvested restricted shares.
 
Certain of our performance-based restricted common shares are considered participating securities, which require the use of the two-class method for the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share.   During the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, 1,088,292, 642,132 and 429,809 OP units, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive.
 
For the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, distributions of $472,000, $636,000 and $564,000, respectively, were made to the holders of certain restricted common shares, $16,000, $16,000 and $36,000 of which were charged against earnings, respectively.  See Note 15 for information related to restricted common shares under the 2008 Plan.
 
 
 Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Numerator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
8,866

 
$
8,128

 
$
6,854

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 
(532
)
 
(197
)
 
(116
)
Distributions paid on unvested restricted shares
 
(456
)
 
(620
)
 
(528
)
Income from continuing operations attributable to Whitestone REIT excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares
 
7,878

 
7,311

 
6,210

Income from discontinued operations
 

 

 
11

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests
 

 

 

Income from discontinued operations attributable to Whitestone REIT
 

 

 
11

Net income attributable to common shareholders excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares
 
$
7,878

 
$
7,311

 
$
6,221

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Denominator:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average number of common shares - basic
 
35,428

 
27,618

 
24,631

Effect of dilutive securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unvested restricted shares
 
827

 
765

 
1,052

Weighted average number of common shares - dilutive
 
36,255

 
28,383

 
25,683

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Earnings Per Share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations attributable to Whitestone REIT excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares
 
$
0.22

 
$
0.26

 
$
0.25

Income from discontinued operations attributable to Whitestone REIT
 
0.00

 
0.00

 
0.00

Net income attributable to common shareholders excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares
 
$
0.22

 
$
0.26

 
$
0.25

Diluted:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income from continuing operations attributable to Whitestone REIT excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares
 
$
0.22

 
$
0.26

 
$
0.24

Income from discontinued operations attributable to Whitestone REIT
 
0.00

 
0.00

 
0.00

Net income attributable to common shareholders excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares
 
$
0.22

 
$
0.26

 
$
0.24



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Table of Contents
WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017

12.  FEDERAL INCOME TAXES
 
Federal income taxes are not provided because we intend to and believe we qualify as a REIT under the provisions of the Code and because we have distributed and intend to continue to distribute all of our taxable income to our shareholders.  Our shareholders include their proportionate taxable income in their individual tax returns.  As a REIT, we must distribute at least 90% of our real estate investment trust taxable income to our shareholders and meet certain income sources and investment restriction requirements.  In addition, REITs are subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements.  If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate tax rates.
     
Income earned by our taxable REIT subsidiary, Whitestone Davenport TRS LLC (“Davenport TRS”), is subject to federal income tax. For the year ended December 31, 2016, we recognized $45,000 in income tax expense related to Davenport TRS taxable year. Davenport TRS was dissolved in the fourth quarter of 2016.

Taxable income differs from net income for financial reporting purposes principally due to differences in the timing of recognition of interest, real estate taxes, depreciation and rental revenue. 

For federal income tax purposes, the cash distributions to shareholders are characterized as follows for the years ended December 31: 
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Ordinary income (unaudited)
 
15.3
%
 
49.0
%
 
60.9
%
Return of capital (unaudited)
 
84.7
%
 
33.7
%
 
37.7
%
Capital gain distributions (unaudited)
 
%
 
17.3
%
 
1.4
%
Total
 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
 
100.0
%
 
13.  RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
 
The Contribution. Mr. James C. Mastandrea, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, also serves as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Pillarstone REIT and beneficially owns approximately 77.9% of the outstanding equity in Pillarstone REIT (when calculated in accordance with Rule 13d-3(d)(1) under the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)). Mr. John J. Dee, the Chief Operating Officer and Corporate Secretary of the Company, also serves as the Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Pillarstone REIT and beneficially owns approximately 26.3% of the outstanding equity in Pillarstone REIT (when calculated in accordance with Rule 13d-3(d)(1) under the Exchange Act). In addition, Mr. Paul T. Lambert, a Trustee of the Company, also serves as a Trustee of Pillarstone REIT. The Contribution is pursuant to the Company’s strategy of recycling capital by disposing of Non-Core Properties that do not fit the Company’s Community Centered Property® strategy and the terms of the Contribution Agreement, the OP Unit Purchase Agreement, the Tax Protection Agreement and the Contribution were determined through arm’s-length negotiations. The Contribution was unanimously approved and recommended by a special committee of independent Trustees of the Company. See Note 5 for additional disclosure on the Contribution.
    
14.  EQUITY

Under our declaration of trust, as amended, we have authority to issue up to 400 million common shares of beneficial interest, $0.001 par value per share, and up to 50 million preferred shares of beneficial interest, $0.001 par value per share.

Equity Offerings
    
On April 25, 2017, we completed the sale of 8,018,500 common shares, including 1,018,500 common shares purchased by the underwriters upon exercise of their option to purchase additional common shares, at a public offering price per share of $13.00 (the “April Offering”). Total net proceeds from the April Offering, after deducting offering expenses, were approximately $99.9 million, which we contributed to the Operating Partnership in exchange for OP units. The Operating Partnership used the net proceeds from the April Offering to repay a portion of the Facility and for general corporate purposes, including funding a portion of the purchase price of BLVD Place and Eldorado Plaza.
    

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Table of Contents
WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017

On June 4, 2015, we entered into nine amended and restated equity distribution agreements (the “2015 equity distribution agreements”) for an at-the-market distribution program. Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the 2015 equity distribution agreements, we can issue and sell up to an aggregate of $50 million of our common shares. Actual sales will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by us from time to time, including (among others) market conditions, the trading price of our common shares, capital needs and our determinations of the appropriate sources of funding for us, and will be made in transactions that will be deemed to be “at-the-market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act. We have no obligation to sell any of our common shares, and can at any time suspend offers under the 2015 equity distribution agreements or terminate the 2015 equity distribution agreements. For the year ended December 31, 2017, we sold 1,324,038 common shares under the 2015 equity distribution agreements, with net proceeds to us of approximately $18.6 million. In connection with such sales, we paid compensation of approximately $0.3 million to the sales agents. For the year ended December 31, 2016, we sold 2,063,697 common shares under the 2015 equity distribution agreements, with net proceeds to us of approximately $30.0 million. In connection with such sales, we paid compensation of approximately $0.5 million to the sales agents.

Operating Partnership Units
 
Substantially all of our business is conducted through the Operating Partnership.  We are the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership.  As of December 31, 2017, we owned a 97.3% interest in the Operating Partnership.
 
Limited partners in the Operating Partnership holding OP units have the right to redeem their OP units for cash or, at our option, common shares at a ratio of one OP unit for one common share.  Distributions to OP unit holders are paid at the same rate per unit as distributions per share to Whitestone common shares.  As of December 31, 2017 and 2016, there were 40,184,532 and 30,450,377 OP units outstanding, respectively.  We owned 39,100,951 and 29,347,741 OP units as of December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The balance of the OP units is owned by third parties, including certain trustees.  Our weighted-average share ownership in the Operating Partnership was approximately 97.0%, 97.8% and 98.3% for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, 19,055 and 15,450 OP units, respectively, were redeemed for an equal number of common shares.

     Distributions
 
The following table reflects the total distributions we have paid (including the total amount paid and the amount paid per share) in each indicated quarter (in thousands, except per share data):
 
 
Common Shares
 
Noncontrolling OP Unit Holders
 
Total
Quarter Paid
 
Distribution Per Common Share
 
Total Amount Paid
 
Distribution Per OP Unit
 
Total Amount Paid
 
Total Amount Paid
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fourth Quarter
 
$
0.2850

 
$
11,002

 
$
0.2850

 
$
309

 
$
11,311

Third Quarter
 
0.2850

 
10,948

 
0.2850

 
309

 
11,257

Second Quarter
 
0.2850

 
10,093

 
0.2850

 
310

 
10,403

First Quarter
 
0.2850

 
8,429

 
0.2850

 
313

 
8,742

Total
 
$
1.1400

 
$
40,472

 
$
1.1400

 
$
1,241

 
$
41,713

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fourth Quarter
 
$
0.2850

 
$
8,305

 
$
0.2850

 
$
314

 
$
8,619

Third Quarter
 
0.2850

 
8,109

 
0.2850

 
138

 
8,247

Second Quarter
 
0.2850

 
7,786

 
0.2850

 
138

 
7,924

First Quarter
 
0.2850

 
7,711

 
0.2850

 
139

 
7,850

Total
 
$
1.1400

 
$
31,911

 
$
1.1400

 
$
729

 
$
32,640



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Table of Contents
WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017

15.  INCENTIVE SHARE PLAN
 
On July 29, 2008, our shareholders approved the 2008 Plan. On December 22, 2010, our board of trustees amended the 2008 Plan to allow for awards in or related to Class B common shares pursuant to the 2008 Plan. On June 27, 2012, our Class B common shares were redesignated as “common shares.” The 2008 Plan, as amended, provides that awards may be made with respect to common shares of Whitestone or OP units, which may be redeemed for cash or, at our option, common shares of Whitestone. The maximum aggregate number of common shares that may be issued under the 2008 Plan is increased upon each issuance of common shares by Whitestone so that at any time the maximum number of common shares that may be issued under the 2008 Plan shall equal 12.5% of the aggregate number of common shares of Whitestone and OP units issued and outstanding (other than shares and/or units issued to or held by Whitestone).

The Compensation Committee of our board of trustees administers the 2008 Plan, except with respect to awards to non-employee trustees, for which the 2008 Plan is administered by our board of trustees.  The Compensation Committee is authorized to grant share options, including both incentive share options and non-qualified share options, as well as share appreciation rights, either with or without a related option. The Compensation Committee is also authorized to grant restricted common shares, restricted common share units, performance awards and other share-based awards. 
 
On April 2, 2014, the Compensation Committee approved the modification of the vesting provisions with respect to awards of an aggregate of 633,704 restricted common shares and restricted common share units for certain of our employees. The modified time-based shares vested annually in three equal installments. The modified performance-based restricted common shares and restricted common share units were modified to include performance-based vesting based on achievement of certain absolute financial goals, as well as one to two years of time-based vesting post achievement of financial goals. Continued employment is required through the applicable vesting date. Additionally, 2,049,116 restricted performance-based common share units were granted with the same vesting conditions as the modified performance-based grants described above. If the performance targets are not met prior to December 31, 2018, any unvested performance-based restricted common shares and restricted common share units will be forfeited.

The Compensation Committee approved the grant of an aggregate of 320,000 and 143,000 time-based restricted common share units on June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, to James C. Mastandrea and David K. Holeman.

On September 6, 2017, the Compensation Committee approved the grant of an aggregate of 267,783 performance-based restricted common share units under the 2008 Plan with market-based vesting conditions (the “TSR Units”) to certain of our employees. Vesting is contingent upon achieving Total Shareholder Return relative to the peer group defined in the TSR Unit award agreements over a three-year performance period. At the end of the performance period, the number of common shares awarded for each vested TSR Unit will vary from 0% to 200% depending on the Company's ranking in the peer group (the “TSR Peer Group Ranking”). Continued employment is required through the vesting date. The grant date fair value for each TSR Unit of $12.37 was determined using the Monte Carlo simulation method and is being recognized as share-based compensation expense ratably from the September 30, 2017 grant date to the end of the performance period, December 31, 2019. The Monte Carlo simulation model utilizes multiple input variables that determine the probability of satisfying the market condition stipulated in the award grant and calculates the fair value of the award. Expected volatilities utilized in the model were estimated using a historical period consistent with the performance period of approximately three years. The risk-free interest rate was based on the United States Treasury rate for a term commensurate with the expected life of the grant.

On September 6, 2017, the Compensation Committee approved the grant of an aggregate of 965,000 performance-based restricted common share units under the 2008 Plan which only vest immediately prior to the consummation of a Change in Control (as defined in the 2008 Plan) that occurs on or before September 30, 2024 (the “CIC Units”) to certain of our employees. Continued employment is required through the vesting date. If a Change in Control does not occur on or before September 30, 2024, the CIC Units shall be immediately forfeited. The Company considers a Change in Control on or before September 30, 2024 to be improbable, and no expense has been recognized for the CIC Units. If a Change in Control occurs, any outstanding CIC Units would be expensed immediately on the date of the Change in Control using the grant date fair value. The grant date fair value for each CIC Unit of $13.05 was determined based on the Company's closing share price on the grant date.



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Table of Contents
WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017

A summary of the share-based incentive plan activity as of and for the year ended December 31, 2017 is as follows:
 
 
Shares
 
Weighted-Average
Grant Date
Fair Value (1)
Non-vested at January 1, 2017
 
2,044,334

 
$
14.48

Granted
 
1,354,534

 
12.92

Modified to new agreements
 

 

Modified from existing agreements
 

 

Vested
 
(881,710
)
 
14.55

Forfeited
 
(35,827
)
 
14.38

Non-vested at December 31, 2017
 
2,481,331

 
$
13.60

Available for grant at December 31, 2017
 
868,815

 
 

(1) 
The fair value of the shares granted were determined based on observable market transactions occurring near the date of the grants.

A summary of our nonvested and vested shares activity for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 is presented below:
 
 
Shares Granted
 
Shares Vested
Year Ended
 
Non-Vested Shares Issued
 
Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value
 
Vested Shares
 
Total Vest-Date Fair Value
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, 2017
 
1,354,534

 
$
12.92

 
(881,710
)
 
$
12,829

Year Ended December 31, 2016
 
545,778

 
$
14.85

 
(734,261
)
 
$
10,577

Year Ended December 31, 2015
 
327,122

 
$
13.49

 
(348,786
)
 
$
4,969


Total compensation recognized in earnings for share-based payments for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $10.4 million, $10.2 million and $7.3 million, respectively.

Based on our current financial projections, we expect approximately 83% of the unvested awards, exclusive of 965,000 CIC Units, to vest over the next 24 months. As of December 31, 2017, there was approximately $2.3 million in unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding non-vested performance-based shares, which are expected to vest over a period of 15 months, $2.8 million in unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding non-vested TSR Units, which are expected to vest over a period of 24 months and approximately $0.5 million in unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding non-vested time-based shares, which are expected to be recognized over a period of approximately 3 months beginning on January 1, 2018.

We expect to record approximately $5.6 million in share-based compensation subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2017. The unrecognized share-based compensation cost is expected to vest over a weighted average period of 18 months. The dilutive impact of the performance-based shares will be included in the denominator of the earnings per share calculation beginning in the period that the performance conditions are expected to be met. The dilutive impact of the TSR Units is based on the Company's TSR Peer Group Ranking as of the reporting date and weighted according to the number of days outstanding in the period. As of December 31, 2017, the TSR Peer Group Ranking called for 200% attainment. The dilutive impact of the CIC Units is based on the probability of a Change in Control. Because the Company considers a Change in Control on or before September 30, 2024 to be improbable, no CIC Units are included in the Company's dilutive shares.


F- 30

Table of Contents
WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017

At our annual meeting of shareholders on May 11, 2017, our shareholders voted to approve the 2018 Long-Term Equity Incentive Ownership Plan (the “2018 Plan”). The 2018 Plan provides for the issuance of up to 3,433,831 common shares and OP units pursuant to awards under the 2018 Plan. The 2018 Plan will become effective on July 30, 2018, which is the day after the 2008 Plan expires.

16. GRANTS TO TRUSTEES

On December 12, 2017, each of our six independent trustees and one trustee emeritus was granted 3,000 common shares, which vest immediately and are prorated based on date appointed. The 16,281 common shares granted to our trustees had a grant fair value of $14.46 per share. On December 12, 2017, three of our independent trustees each elected to receive a total of 2,320 common shares with a grant date fair value of $14.46 in lieu of cash for board fees. The fair value of the shares granted during the year ended December 31, 2017 was determined using quoted prices available on the date of grant.
    
On December 21, 2016, each of our four independent trustees and one trustee emeritus was granted 1,500 common shares, which vest immediately. The 7,500 common shares granted to our trustees had a grant date fair value of $14.07 per share. On December 21, 2016, two of our independent trustees each elected to receive a total of 3,128 common shares with a grant date fair value of $14.07 in lieu of cash for board fees. The fair value of the shares granted during the year ended December 31, 2016 was determined using quoted prices available on the date of grant.

17.  COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
 
We are a participant in various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of our business.  These matters are generally covered by insurance.  While the resolution of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that the final outcome of these matters will not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
 
18.  SEGMENT INFORMATION
 
Our management historically has not differentiated by property types and therefore does not present segment information.
 

F- 31

Table of Contents
WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
December 31, 2017

19.  SELECT QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (unaudited)
 
The following is a summary of our unaudited quarterly financial information for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 (in thousands, except per share data):
 
 
 
First
 
Second
 
Third
 
Fourth
 
 
Quarter
 
Quarter
 
Quarter
 
Quarter
2017
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Revenues
 
$
28,267

 
$
30,208

 
$
33,653

 
$
33,831

Net income
 
$
1,557

 
$
2,144

 
$
3,140

 
$
2,025

Net income attributable to Whitestone REIT
 
$
1,440

 
$
1,983

 
$
2,993

 
$
1,921

Basic Earnings per share:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Net income attributable to common shareholders excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares (1)
 
$
0.05

 
$
0.05

 
$
0.07

 
$
0.05

Diluted Earnings per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to common shareholders excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares (1)
 
$
0.04

 
$
0.05

 
$
0.07

 
$
0.05

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues
 
$
25,435

 
$
25,129

 
$
25,508

 
$
28,365

Net income
 
$
5,088

 
$
1,509

 
$
964

 
$
567

Net income attributable to Whitestone REIT
 
$
4,997

 
$
1,484

 
$
949

 
$
532

Basic Earnings per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to common shareholders excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares (1)
 
$
0.18

 
$
0.05

 
$
0.03

 
$
0.01

Diluted Earnings per share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income attributable to common shareholders excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares (1)
 
$
0.18

 
$
0.05

 
$
0.03

 
$
0.01

 
(1)  
The sum of individual quarterly basic and diluted earnings per share amounts may not agree with the year-to-date basic and diluted earning per share amounts as the result of each period's computation being based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during that period.

20. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On February 27, 2018, we completed the sale of Bellnott Square, located in Houston, Texas, for $4.7 million. This disposition was pursuant to our strategy of recycling capital by disposing of Non-Core Properties, primarily properties that we owned at the time our current management team assumed the management of the Company, that do not fit our Community Centered Property strategy. We expect to record a gain on sale of approximately $0.3 million in 2018. We have not included Bellnott Square as held for sale at December 31, 2017 as it did not meet the definition of discontinued operations.

F- 32

Table of Contents
Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts
December 31, 2017

 
 
 
(in thousands)
 
 
Balance at
 
Charged to
 
Deductions
 
Balance at
 
 
Beginning
 
Costs and
 
from
 
End of
Description
 
of Year
 
Expense
 
Reserves
 
Year
Allowance for doubtful accounts:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Year ended December 31, 2017
 
$
7,258

 
$
2,340

 
$
(451
)
 
$
9,147

Year ended December 31, 2016
 
6,647

 
1,585

 
(974
)
 
7,258

Year ended December 31, 2015
 
4,964

 
1,974

 
(291
)
 
6,647


F- 33

Table of Contents
Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries
Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
 
 
Costs Capitalized Subsequent
 
Gross Amount at which Carried at
 
 
Initial Cost (in thousands)
 
to Acquisition (in thousands)
 
End of Period (in thousands)(1) (2)
 
 
 
 
Building and
 
Improvements
 
Carrying
 
 
 
Building and
 
 
Property Name
 
Land
 
Improvements
 
(net)
 
Costs
 
Land
 
Improvements
 
Total
Whitestone Properties:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ahwatukee Plaza
 
$
5,126

 
$
4,086

 
$
365

 
$

 
$
5,126

 
$
4,451

 
$
9,577

Anthem Marketplace
 
4,790

 
17,973

 
319

 

 
4,790

 
18,292

 
23,082

Bellnott Square
 
1,154

 
4,638

 
554

 

 
1,154

 
5,192

 
6,346

Bissonnet Beltway
 
415

 
1,947

 
448

 

 
415

 
2,395

 
2,810

BLVD Place
 
63,893

 
90,942

 
93

 

 
63,893

 
91,035

 
154,928

The Citadel
 
472

 
1,777

 
2,593

 

 
472

 
4,370

 
4,842

City View Village
 
2,044

 
4,149

 
11

 

 
2,044

 
4,160

 
6,204

Davenport Village
 
11,367

 
34,101

 
972

 

 
11,367

 
35,073

 
46,440

Desert Canyon
 
1,976

 
1,704

 
1,485

 

 
1,976

 
3,189

 
5,165

Eldorado Plaza
 
16,551

 
30,746

 
67

 

 
16,551

 
30,813

 
47,364

Fountain Hills Plaza
 
5,113

 
15,340

 
199

 

 
5,113

 
15,539

 
20,652

Fountain Square
 
5,573

 
9,828

 
2,224

 

 
5,573

 
12,052

 
17,625

Fulton Ranch Towne Center
 
7,604

 
22,612

 
1,957

 

 
7,604

 
24,569

 
32,173

Gilbert Tuscany Village
 
1,767

 
3,233

 
1,721

 

 
1,767

 
4,954

 
6,721

Gilbert Tuscany Village Hard Corner
 
856

 
794

 
9

 

 
856

 
803

 
1,659

Heritage Trace Plaza
 
6,209

 
13,821

 
300

 

 
6,209

 
14,121

 
20,330

Headquarters Village
 
7,171

 
18,439

 
873

 

 
7,171

 
19,312

 
26,483

Keller Place
 
5,977

 
7,577

 
465

 

 
5,977

 
8,042

 
14,019

Kempwood Plaza
 
733

 
1,798

 
1,750

 

 
733

 
3,548

 
4,281

La Mirada
 
12,853

 
24,464

 
441

 

 
12,853

 
24,905

 
37,758

Lion Square
 
1,546

 
4,289

 
4,260

 

 
1,546

 
8,549

 
10,095

The Marketplace at Central
 
1,305

 
5,324

 
1,328

 

 
1,305

 
6,652

 
7,957

Market Street at DC Ranch
 
9,710

 
26,779

 
3,925

 

 
9,710

 
30,704

 
40,414

Mercado at Scottsdale Ranch
 
8,728

 
12,560

 
865

 

 
8,728

 
13,425

 
22,153

Paradise Plaza
 
6,155

 
10,221

 
1,155

 

 
6,155

 
11,376

 
17,531

Parkside Village North
 
3,877

 
8,629

 
249

 

 
3,877

 
8,878

 
12,755

Parkside Village South
 
5,562

 
27,154

 
345

 

 
5,562

 
27,499

 
33,061

Pima Norte
 
1,086

 
7,162

 
2,151

 
517

 
1,086


9,830


10,916

Pinnacle of Scottsdale
 
6,648

 
22,466

 
1,649

 

 
6,648

 
24,115

 
30,763

Pinnacle of Scottsdale Phase II
 
883

 
4,659

 
1,157

 
565

 
883


6,381


7,264

The Promenade at Fulton Ranch
 
5,198

 
13,367

 
212

 

 
5,198

 
13,579

 
18,777

Providence
 
918

 
3,675

 
1,287

 

 
918

 
4,962

 
5,880

Quinlan Crossing
 
9,561

 
28,683

 
146

 

 
9,561

 
28,829

 
38,390

Shaver
 
184

 
633

 
82

 

 
184

 
715

 
899

Shops at Pecos Ranch
 
3,781

 
15,123

 
747

 

 
3,781

 
15,870

 
19,651

Shops at Starwood
 
4,093

 
11,487

 
281

 

 
4,093

 
11,768

 
15,861

The Shops at Williams Trace
 
5,920

 
14,297

 
256

 

 
5,920

 
14,553

 
20,473

South Richey
 
778

 
2,584

 
1,856

 

 
778

 
4,440

 
5,218

Spoerlein Commons
 
2,340

 
7,296

 
868

 

 
2,340

 
8,164

 
10,504

The Strand at Huebner Oaks
 
5,805

 
12,335

 
275

 

 
5,805

 
12,610

 
18,415

SugarPark Plaza
 
1,781

 
7,125

 
1,046

 

 
1,781

 
8,171

 
9,952

Sunridge
 
276

 
1,186

 
524

 

 
276

 
1,710

 
1,986

Sunset at Pinnacle Peak
 
3,610

 
2,734

 
725

 

 
3,610

 
3,459

 
7,069

Terravita Marketplace
 
7,171

 
9,392

 
798

 

 
7,171

 
10,190

 
17,361

Torrey Square
 
1,981

 
2,971

 
1,287

 

 
1,981

 
4,258

 
6,239

Town Park
 
850

 
2,911

 
397

 

 
850

 
3,308

 
4,158

Village Square at Dana Park
 
10,877

 
40,250

 
3,133

 

 
10,877

 
43,383

 
54,260

Westchase
 
423

 
1,751

 
3,142

 

 
423

 
4,893

 
5,316


F- 34

Table of Contents
Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries
Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
 
 
Costs Capitalized Subsequent
 
Gross Amount at which Carried at
 
 
Initial Cost (in thousands)
 
to Acquisition (in thousands)
 
End of Period (in thousands)(1) (2)
 
 
 
 
Building and
 
Improvements
 
Carrying
 
 
 
Building and
 
 
Property Name
 
Land
 
Improvements
 
(net)
 
Costs
 
Land
 
Improvements
 
Total
Williams Trace Plaza
 
6,800

 
14,003

 
255

 

 
6,800

 
14,258

 
21,058

Windsor Park
 
2,621

 
10,482

 
8,884

 

 
2,621

 
19,366

 
21,987

Woodlake Plaza
 
1,107

 
4,426

 
2,254

 

 
1,107

 
6,680

 
7,787

 
 
$
283,219

 
$
645,923

 
$
62,385

 
$
1,082

 
$
283,219

 
$
709,390

 
$
992,609

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Development Properties:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Seville
 
$
6,913

 
$
25,518

 
$
497

 
$

 
$
6,913

 
$
26,015

 
32,928

Shops at Starwood Phase III
 
1,818

 
7,069

 
1,323

 
954

 
1,818

 
9,346

 
11,164

Total - Development Properties(3)
 
$
8,731

 
$
32,587

 
$
1,820

 
$
954

 
$
8,731

 
$
35,361

 
$
44,092

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total Whitestone Properties
 
$
291,950

 
$
678,510

 
$
64,205

 
$
2,036

 
$
291,950

 
$
744,751

 
$
1,036,701

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pillarstone Properties:
 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

9101 LBJ Freeway(4)
 
$
1,597

 
$
6,078

 
$
1,513

 
$

 
$
1,597

 
$
7,591

 
$
9,188

Corporate Park Northwest
 
1,534

 
6,306

 
2,268

 

 
1,534

 
8,574

 
10,108

Corporate Park West
 
2,555

 
10,267

 
1,615

 

 
2,555

 
11,882

 
14,437

Corporate Park Woodland
 
652

 
5,330

 
830

 

 
652

 
6,160

 
6,812

Corporate Park Woodland II
 
2,758

 

 
26

 

 
2,758

 
26

 
2,784

Dairy Ashford
 
226

 
1,211

 
49

 

 
226

 
1,260

 
1,486

Holly Hall Industrial Park
 
608

 
2,516

 
395

 

 
608

 
2,911

 
3,519

Holly Knight
 
320

 
1,293

 
402

 

 
320

 
1,695

 
2,015

Interstate 10 Warehouse
 
208

 
3,700

 
495

 

 
208

 
4,195

 
4,403

Main Park
 
1,328

 
2,721

 
1,113

 

 
1,328

 
3,834

 
5,162

Plaza Park
 
902

 
3,294

 
1,141

 

 
902

 
4,435

 
5,337

Uptown Tower(5)
 
1,621

 
15,551

 
4,975

 

 
1,621

 
20,526

 
22,147

Westbelt Plaza
 
568

 
2,165

 
958

 

 
568

 
3,123

 
3,691

Westgate Service Center
 
672

 
2,776

 
1,175

 

 
672

 
3,951

 
4,623

Total - Pillarstone Properties
 
$
15,549

 
$
63,208

 
$
16,955

 
$

 
$
15,549

 
$
80,163

 
$
95,712

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Land Held for Development:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Anthem Marketplace
 
$
204

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
204

 
$

 
$
204

BLVD Place Phase II-B
 
10,500

 

 
420

 

 
10,500

 
420

 
10,920

Dana Park Development
 
4,000

 

 
25

 

 
4,000

 
25

 
4,025

Eldorado Plaza Development
 
911

 

 

 

 
911

 

 
911

Fountain Hills
 
277

 

 

 

 
277

 

 
277

Market Street at DC Ranch
 
704

 

 

 

 
704

 

 
704

Total - Land Held for Development
 
$
16,596

 
$

 
$
445

 
$

 
$
16,596

 
$
445

 
$
17,041

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Grand Totals
 
$
324,095

 
$
741,718

 
$
81,605

 
$
2,036

 
$
324,095

 
$
825,359

 
$
1,149,454


F- 35

Table of Contents
Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries
Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2017


 
 
 
 
Accumulated Depreciation
 
Date of
 
Date
 
Depreciation
Property Name
 
Encumbrances
 
(in thousands)
 
Construction
 
Acquired
 
Life
Whitestone Properties:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ahwatukee Plaza
 
 
 
$
783

 
 
 
8/16/2011
 
5-39 years
Anthem Marketplace
 
(6)
 
2,178

 
 
 
6/28/2013
 
5-39 years
Bellnott Square
 
 
 
2,144

 
 
 
1/1/2002
 
5-39 years
Bissonnet Beltway
 
 
 
1,771

 
 
 
1/1/1999
 
5-39 years
BLVD Place
 
(7)
 
1,360

 
 
 
5/26/2017
 
5-39 years
The Citadel
 
 
 
1,496

 
 
 
9/28/2010
 
5-39 years
City View Village
 
 
 
293

 
 
 
3/31/2015
 
5-39 years
Davenport Village
 
 
 
2,431

 
 
 
5/27/2015
 
5-39 years
Desert Canyon
 
 
 
593

 
 
 
4/13/2011
 
5-39 years
Eldorado Plaza
 
 
 
460

 
 
 
5/3/2017
 
5-39 years
Fountain Hills Plaza
 
 
 
1,735

 
 
 
10/7/2013
 
5-39 years
Fountain Square
 
 
 
1,859

 
 
 
9/21/2012
 
5-39 years
Fulton Ranch Towne Center
 
 
 
1,877

 
 
 
11/5/2014
 
5-39 years
Gilbert Tuscany Village
 
 
 
1,320

 
 
 
6/28/2011
 
5-39 years
Gilbert Tuscany Village Hard Corner
 
 
 
73

 
 
 
8/28/2015
 
5-39 years
Heritage Trace Plaza
 
 
 
1,310

 
 
 
7/1/2014
 
5-39 years
Headquarters Village
 
(8)
 
2,474

 
 
 
3/28/2013
 
5-39 years
Keller Place
 
 
 
481

 
 
 
8/26/2015
 
5-39 years
Kempwood Plaza
 
 
 
1,400

 
 
 
2/2/1999
 
5-39 years
La Mirada
 
 
 
789

 
 
 
9/30/2016
 
5-39 years
Lion Square
 
 
 
4,088

 
 
 
1/1/2000
 
5-39 years
The Marketplace at Central
 
 
 
1,439

 
 
 
11/1/2010
 
5-39 years
Market Street at DC Ranch
 
 
 
3,670

 
 
 
12/5/2013
 
5-39 years
Mercado at Scottsdale Ranch
 

 
1,668

 
 
 
6/19/2013
 
5-39 years
Paradise Plaza
 
(9)
 
1,692

 
 
 
8/8/2012
 
5-39 years
Parkside Village North
 
 
 
580

 
 
 
7/2/2015
 
5-39 years
Parkside Village South
 
 
 
1,817

 
 
 
7/2/2015
 
5-39 years
Pima Norte
 
 
 
2,514

 
 
 
10/4/2007
 
5-39 years
Pinnacle of Scottsdale
 
(10)
 
4,045

 
 
 
12/22/2011
 
5-39 years
Pinnacle of Scottsdale Phase II
 
 
 
219

 
3/31/2017
 
 
 
5-39 years
The Promenade at Fulton Ranch
 
 
 
1,111

 
 
 
11/5/2014
 
5-39 years
Providence
 
 
 
2,095

 
 
 
3/30/2001
 
5-39 years
Quinlan Crossing
 
 
 
1,732

 
 
 
8/26/2015
 
5-39 years
Shaver
 
 
 
327

 
 
 
12/17/1999
 
5-39 years
Shops at Pecos Ranch
 
(11)
 
2,155

 
 
 
12/28/2012
 
5-39 years
Shops at Starwood
 
(12)
 
1,882

 
 
 
12/28/2011
 
5-39 years
The Shops at Williams Trace
 
 
 
1,164

 
 
 
12/24/2014
 
5-39 years
South Richey
 
 
 
2,101

 
 
 
8/25/1999
 
5-39 years
Spoerlein Commons
 
 
 
1,998

 
 
 
1/16/2009
 
5-39 years
The Strand at Huebner Oaks
 
 
 
1,115

 
 
 
9/19/2014
 
5-39 years
SugarPark Plaza
 
 
 
2,769

 
 
 
9/8/2004
 
5-39 years
Sunridge
 
 
 
788

 
 
 
1/1/2002
 
5-39 years
Sunset at Pinnacle Peak
 
 
 
589

 
 
 
5/29/2012
 
5-39 years
Terravita Marketplace
 
(13)
 
1,763

 
 
 
8/8/2011
 
5-39 years
Torrey Square
 
 
 
2,416

 
 
 
1/1/2000
 
5-39 years
Town Park
 
 
 
1,950

 
 
 
1/1/1999
 
5-39 years
Village Square at Dana Park
 
(14)
 
6,160

 
 
 
9/21/2012
 
5-39 years
Westchase
 
 
 
1,897

 
 
 
1/1/2002
 
5-39 years

F- 36

Table of Contents
Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries
Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2017

 
 
 
 
Accumulated Depreciation
 
Date of
 
Date
 
Depreciation
Property Name
 
Encumbrances
 
(in thousands)
 
Construction
 
Acquired
 
Life
Williams Trace Plaza
 
 
 
1,114

 
 
 
12/24/2014
 
5-39 years
Windsor Park
 
 
 
7,796

 
 
 
12/16/2003
 
5-39 years
Woodlake Plaza
 
(17)
 
2,282

 
 
 
3/14/2005
 
5-39 years
 
 
 
 
$
93,763

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Development Properties:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Seville
 
 
 
$
838

 
 
 
9/30/2016
 
5-39 years
Shops at Starwood Phase III
 
 
 
257

 
12/31/2016
 
 
 
5-39 years
Total - Development Properties(3)
 
 
 
$
1,095

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Total - Whitestone Properties
 
 
 
$
94,858

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Pillarstone Properties:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
9101 LBJ Freeway(4)
 
 
 
$
2,710

 
 
 
8/10/2005
 
5-39 years
Corporate Park Northwest
 
 
 
3,679

 
 
 
1/1/2002
 
5-39 years
Corporate Park West
 
(15)
 
4,959

 
 
 
1/1/2002
 
5-39 years
Corporate Park Woodland
 
(15)
 
3,331

 
11/1/2000
 
 
 
5-39 years
Corporate Park Woodland II
 
 
 
5

 
 
 
10/17/2013
 
5-39 years
Dairy Ashford
 
(15)
 
686

 
 
 
1/1/1999
 
5-39 years
Holly Hall Industrial Park
 
(15)
 
1,356

 
 
 
1/1/2002
 
5-39 years
Holly Knight
 
 
 
1,090

 
 
 
8/1/2000
 
5-39 years
Interstate 10 Warehouse
 
(15)
 
2,852

 
 
 
1/1/1999
 
5-39 years
Main Park
 
(15)
 
1,957

 
 
 
1/1/1999
 
5-39 years
Plaza Park
 
(15)
 
2,352

 
 
 
1/1/2000
 
5-39 years
Uptown Tower(5)
 
(16)
 
7,504

 
 
 
11/22/2005
 
5-39 years
Westbelt Plaza
 
(15)
 
1,981

 
 
 
1/1/1999
 
5-39 years
Westgate Service Center
 
(15)
 
1,714

 
 
 
1/1/2002
 
5-39 years
Total - Pillarstone Properties
 
 
 
$
36,176

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Land Held for Development:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Anthem Marketplace
 
 
 
$

 
 
 
6/28/2013
 
Land - Not Depreciated
BLVD Place Phase II-B
 
 
 

 
 
 
5/26/2017
 
Land - Not Depreciated
Dana Park Development
 
 
 

 
 
 
9/21/2012
 
Land - Not Depreciated
Eldorado Plaza Development
 
 
 

 
 
 
12/29/2017
 
Land - Not Depreciated
Fountain Hills
 
 
 

 
 
 
10/7/2013
 
Land - Not Depreciated
Market Street at DC Ranch
 
 
 

 
 
 
12/5/2013
 
Land - Not Depreciated
Total - Land Held For Development
 
 
 
$

 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Grand Total
 
 
 
$
131,034

 
 
 
 
 

  

F- 37

Table of Contents
Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries
Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation
December 31, 2017

(1)
Reconciliations of total real estate carrying value for the three years ended December 31, follows:
 
 
 
( in thousands)
 
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Balance at beginning of period
 
$
920,310

 
$
835,538

 
$
673,655

Additions during the period:
 
 

 
 

 
 

Acquisitions
 
213,545

 
69,749

 
150,331

Improvements
 
17,575

 
22,036

 
12,653

 
 
231,120

 
91,785

 
162,984

Deductions - cost of real estate sold or retired
 
(1,976
)
 
(7,013
)
 
(1,101
)
Balance at close of period
 
$
1,149,454

 
$
920,310

 
$
835,538

 
(2) 
The aggregate cost of real estate (in thousands) for federal income tax purposes for Whitestone is $1,027,360 and $84,646 for Pillarstone.
(3) 
Includes (i) new acquisitions, through the earlier of attainment of 90% occupancy or 18 months of ownership, and (ii) properties that are undergoing significant redevelopment or re-tenanting.
(4) 
This property includes improvements and accumulated depreciation of approximately $385,000 and $77,000, respectively, related to Whitestone leased spaces.
(5) 
This property includes improvements and accumulated depreciation of approximately $181,000 and $119,000, respectively, related to Whitestone leased spaces.
(6) 
This property secures a $15.1 million mortgage note.
(7) 
This property secures a $80.0 million mortgage note.
(8) 
This property secures a $19.0 million mortgage note.
(9) 
This property secures a $9.2 million mortgage note.
(10) 
This property secures a $14.1 million mortgage note.
(11) 
This property secures a $14.0 million mortgage note.
(12) 
This property secures a $14.3 million mortgage note.
(13) 
This property secures a $10.5 million mortgage note.
(14) 
This property secures a $2.6 million mortgage note.
(15) 
These properties secure a $37.0 million mortgage note.
(16) 
This property secures a $16.5 million mortgage note.
(17) 
This property secures a $6.5 million mortgage note.

    


F- 38