Whitestone REIT - Annual Report: 2019 (Form 10-K)

Year Ended December 31,

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

____________________________________

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)

x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to ____________

Commission File Number: 001-34855

______________________________

WHITESTONE REIT

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)



Maryland		76-0594970
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or		(I.R.S. Employer
Organization)		Identification No.)

2600 South Gessner, Suite 500, Houston, Texas		77063
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (713) 827-9595



Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Shares of Beneficial Interest, par value $0.001 per share	WSR	New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer o Accelerated filer x Non-accelerated filer o Smaller reporting company o

Emerging growth company o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No x

The aggregate market value of the common shares held by nonaffiliates of the registrant as of June 28, 2019 (the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter) was $509,334,507.

As of February 28, 2020, the registrant had 42,046,732 common shares of beneficial interest, $0.001 par value per share, outstanding.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE: We incorporate by reference in Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K portions of our definitive proxy statement for our 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which proxy statement will be filed no later than 120 days after the end of our fiscal year ended December 31, 2019.

WHITESTONE REIT

FORM 10-K

Year Ended December 31, 2019



Page

PART I
	Item 1.	Business.	1
	Item 1A.	Risk Factors.	5
	Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments.	19
	Item 2.	Properties.	20
	Item 3.	Legal Proceedings.	25
	Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures.	25



PART II
	Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.	26
	Item 6.	Selected Financial Data.	28
	Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.	31
	Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.	65
	Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.	65
	Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.	65
	Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures.	65
	Item 9B.	Other Information.	67



PART III
	Item 10.	Trustees, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.	68
	Item 11.	Executive Compensation.	68
	Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters.	68
	Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.	68
	Item 14.	Principal Accountant Fees and Services.	69



PART IV
	Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.	69
	Item 16.	Form 10-K Summary	69
		Index to Exhibits	70
		SIGNATURES.	71

Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K to the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our” are to Whitestone REIT and its consolidated subsidiaries.

Forward-Looking Statements

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, including discussion and analysis of our financial condition, anticipated capital expenditures required to complete projects, amounts of anticipated cash distributions to our shareholders in the future and other matters. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts but reflect the intent, belief or current expectations of our management based on its knowledge and understanding of our business and industry. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by the use of terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “potential,” “predicts,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates” or the negative of such terms and variations of these words and similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements include these words. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control, are difficult to predict and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements that were true at the time made may ultimately prove to be incorrect or false. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which reflect our management’s view only as of the date of this Annual Report on Form 10-K. We undertake no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or changes to future operating results. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements made in this Annual Report on Form 10-K include:


•	the imposition of federal taxes if we fail to qualify as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) in any taxable year or forego an opportunity to ensure REIT status;


•	uncertainties related to the national economy, the real estate industry in general and in our specific markets;


•	legislative or regulatory changes, including changes to laws governing REITs;


•	adverse economic or real estate developments or conditions in Texas or Arizona, Houston and Phoenix in particular;


•	increases in interest rates, operating costs or general and administrative expenses;


•	availability and terms of capital and financing to fund our operations, distributions to shareholders and to refinance our indebtedness as it matures;


•	decreases in rental rates or increases in vacancy rates;


•	litigation risks;


•	lease-up risks, including leasing risks arising from exclusivity and consent provisions in leases with significant tenants;


•	our inability to renew tenants or obtain new tenants upon the expiration of existing leases;


•	our inability to generate sufficient cash flows due to market conditions, competition, uninsured losses, changes in tax or other applicable laws;


•	the need to fund tenant improvements or other capital expenditures out of operating cash flow; and


•	the risk that we are unable to raise capital for working capital, acquisitions or other uses on attractive terms or at all.

The forward-looking statements should be read in light of these factors and the factors identified in the “Risk Factors” section of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

PART I

Item 1. Business.

General

We are a Maryland REIT engaged in owning and operating commercial properties in culturally diverse markets in major metropolitan areas. Founded in 1998, we changed our state of organization from Texas to Maryland in December 2003. We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”).

We are internally managed and, as of December 31, 2019, we wholly-owned a real estate portfolio of 58 properties that meet our Community Centered Property^® strategy containing approximately 5.0 million square feet of gross leasable area (“GLA”), located in Texas, Arizona and Illinois. Our consolidated property portfolio has a gross book value of approximately $1.1 billion and book equity, including noncontrolling interests, of approximately $353 million as of December 31, 2019.

Further, as of December 31, 2019, we, through our equity-method investment in Pillarstone Capital REIT Operating Partnership LP (“Pillarstone” or “Pillarstone OP”), owned a majority interest in 8 properties that do not meet our Community Centered Property^® strategy containing approximately 0.9 million square feet of GLA (the “Pillarstone Properties”). We own 81.4% of the total outstanding units of Pillarstone OP, which we account for using the equity method. We also manage the day-to-day operations of Pillarstone OP. In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, unless otherwise indicated, we do not include the Pillarstone Properties when we refer to our properties.

Our common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.001 per share, are traded on the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) under the ticker symbol “WSR.” Our offices are located at 2600 South Gessner, Suite 500, Houston, Texas 77063. Our telephone number is (713) 827-9595 and we maintain a website at www.whitestonereit.com. The contents of our website are not incorporated into this filing.

Our Strategy

In October 2006, our current management team joined the Company and adopted a strategic plan to acquire, redevelop, own and operate Community Centered Properties^®. We define Community Centered Properties^® as visibly located properties in established or developing culturally diverse neighborhoods in our target markets. We market, lease and manage our centers to match tenants with the shared needs of the surrounding neighborhood. Those needs may include specialty retail, grocery, restaurants and medical, educational and financial services. Our goal is for each property to become a Whitestone-branded retail community that serves a neighboring five-mile radius around our property. We employ and develop a diverse group of associates who understand the needs of our multicultural communities and tenants.

Our primary business objective is to increase shareholder value by acquiring, owning and operating Community Centered Properties^®. The key elements of our strategy include:


•	Strategically Acquiring Properties.


◦	Seeking High Growth Markets. We seek to strategically acquire commercial properties in high-growth markets. Our acquisition targets are located in densely populated, culturally diverse neighborhoods, primarily in and around Austin, Chicago, Dallas-Fort Worth, Houston, Phoenix and San Antonio.

◦

Diversifying Geographically. Our current portfolio is concentrated in Houston and Phoenix. As of December 31, 2019, we wholly-owned 58 commercial properties, including 15 properties in Houston, eight properties in Dallas-Fort Worth, three properties in San Antonio, four properties in Austin, 27 properties in the Scottsdale and Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan areas, and one property in Buffalo Grove, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago.

We believe that continued geographic diversification in markets where we have substantial knowledge and experience will help offset the economic risk from a single market concentration. We intend to continue to focus our expansion efforts on the Austin, Chicago, Dallas-Fort Worth, Houston, Phoenix and San Antonio markets. We believe our management infrastructure and capacity can accommodate substantial growth in those markets. We may also pursue opportunities in other regions that are consistent with our Community Centered Property^® strategy. Markets in which we have developed some knowledge and contacts include

Orlando, Florida and Denver, Colorado, both of which have economic, demographic and cultural profiles similar to our Arizona and Texas markets.

◦

Capitalizing on Availability of Reasonably Priced Acquisition Opportunities. We believe that currently and during the next several years there will continue to be excellent opportunities in our target markets to acquire quality properties at historically attractive prices. We intend to acquire assets in off-market transactions negotiated directly with owners or financial institutions holding foreclosed real estate and debt instruments that are either in default or on bank watch lists. Many of these assets may benefit from our Community Centered Property^® strategy and our management team’s experience in turning around distressed properties, portfolios and companies. We have extensive relationships with community banks, attorneys, title companies and others in the real estate industry with whom we regularly work to identify properties for potential acquisition.

•

Redeveloping and Re-tenanting Existing Properties. We have substantial experience in repositioning underperforming properties and seek to add value through renovating and re-tenanting our properties to create Whitestone-branded Community Centered Properties^®. We seek to accomplish this by (1) stabilizing occupancy, with per property occupancy goals of 90% or higher; (2) adding leasable square footage to existing structures; (3) developing and building new leasable square footage on excess land; (4) upgrading and renovating existing structures; and (5) investing significant effort in recruiting tenants whose goods and services meet the needs of the surrounding neighborhood.

•

Recycling Capital for Greater Returns. We seek to continually upgrade our portfolio by opportunistically selling properties that do not have the potential to meet our Community Centered Property^® strategy and redeploying the sale proceeds into properties that better fit our strategy. Some of our properties that we owned at the time our current management team assumed the management of the Company (the “non-core properties”) may not fit our Community Centered Property^® strategy, and we may look for opportunities to dispose of these properties as we continue to execute our strategy.

•

Prudent Management of Capital Structure. Of our 58 properties, we currently have 50 properties that are unencumbered. We may seek to add mortgage indebtedness to existing and newly acquired unencumbered properties to provide additional capital for acquisitions. As a general policy, we intend to maintain a ratio of debt, net of cash, to undepreciated book value of real estate assets, including our proportional share of real estate from our unconsolidated real estate partnership, that is at or less than 60%. As of December 31, 2019, our ratio of debt, net of cash, to undepreciated book value of real estate assets was 56%.


•	Investing in People. We believe that our people are the heart of our culture, philosophy and strategy. We continually focus on developing associates who are self-disciplined and motivated and display, at all times, a high degree of character and competence. We provide them with equity incentives to align their interests with those of our shareholders.

Our Structure

Substantially all of our business is conducted through Whitestone REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership organized in 1998 (the “Operating Partnership”). We are the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. As of December 31, 2019, we owned a 97.9% interest in the Operating Partnership.

As of December 31, 2019, we wholly-owned a real estate portfolio consisting of 58 properties located in three states. The aggregate occupancy rate of our portfolio was 90% based on GLA as of December 31, 2019.

We are hands-on owners who directly manage the operations and leasing of our properties. Substantially all of our revenues consist of base rents received under varying term leases. For the year ended December 31, 2019, our total revenues were approximately $119.3 million.

Additionally, we, through our equity-method investment in Pillarstone, owned a majority interest in eight properties located in Dallas and Houston, Texas. The aggregate occupancy rate of the Pillarstone properties was 75% based on GLA as of December 31, 2019.

Our largest property, BLVD Place (“BLVD”), a retail community purchased on May 26, 2017 and located in Houston, Texas, accounted for 13.4% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2019. BLVD also accounted for 16.9% of our consolidated real estate assets, net of accumulated depreciation, as of the year ended December 31, 2019. Of our 58 properties, 15 and 27 are located in the Houston, Texas and Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan areas, respectively.

Economic Environment

Low interest rates and desire for higher yielding investments with moderate risk has resulted in lower capitalization rates and higher prices for commercial real estate acquisitions. Each of these factors could negatively impact the value of public real estate companies, including ours. However, the majority of our retail properties are located in densely populated metropolitan areas and are occupied by tenants that generally provide basic necessity-type items and services which have tended to be less affected by economic changes. Furthermore, a substantial portion of our portfolio is in metropolitan areas in Texas that have been impacted less by the economic slowdown compared to other metropolitan areas.

Competition

All of our properties are located in areas that include competing properties. The amount of competition in a particular area could impact our ability to acquire additional real estate, sell current real estate, lease space and the amount of rent we are able to charge. We may be competing with owners, developers and operators, including, but not limited to, real estate investors, other REITs, insurance companies and pension funds.

Should we decide to dispose of a property, we may compete with third-party sellers of similar types of commercial properties for suitable purchasers, which may result in our receiving lower net proceeds from a sale or in our not being able to dispose of such property at a time of our choosing due to the lack of an acceptable return. In operating and managing our properties, we compete for tenants based upon a number of factors including, but not limited to, location, rental rates, security, flexibility, expertise to design space to meet prospective tenants’ needs and the manner in which the property is operated, maintained and marketed. We may be required to provide rent concessions, incur charges for tenant improvements and other inducements, or we may not be able to timely lease vacant space, all of which could adversely impact our results of operations.

Many of our competitors have greater financial and other resources than us and also may have more operating experience. Generally, there are other neighborhood and community retail centers within relatively close proximity to each of our properties. There is, however, no dominant competitor in the Austin, Chicago, Dallas-Fort Worth, Houston, Phoenix and San Antonio metropolitan areas. Our retail tenants also face increasing competition from outlet malls, internet retailers, catalog companies, direct mail and telemarketing.

Compliance with Governmental Regulations

Under various federal and state environmental laws and regulations, as an owner or operator of real estate, we may be required to investigate and clean up certain hazardous or toxic substances, asbestos-containing materials, or petroleum product releases at our properties. We may also be held liable to a governmental entity or to third parties for property damage and for investigation and cleanup costs incurred by those parties in connection with any such contamination. In addition, some environmental laws create a lien on a contaminated site in favor of the government for damages and costs the government incurs in connection with contamination on the site. The presence of contamination or the failure to remediate contamination at any of our properties may adversely affect our ability to sell or lease the properties or to borrow using the properties as collateral. We could also be liable under common law to third parties for damages and injuries resulting from environmental contamination coming from our properties.

We will not purchase any property unless we are generally satisfied with the environmental status of the property. We typically obtain a Phase I environmental site assessment for each new acquisition, which includes a visual survey of the building and the property in an attempt to identify areas of potential environmental concerns, visually observing neighboring properties to assess surface conditions or activities that may have an adverse environmental impact on the property, and contacting local governmental agency personnel and performing a regulatory agency file search in an attempt to determine any known environmental concerns in the immediate vicinity of the property. A Phase I environmental site assessment does not include any sampling or testing of soil, groundwater or building materials from the property.

We believe that our properties are in compliance in all material respects with all applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations regarding the handling, discharge and emission of hazardous or toxic substances. Because release of chlorinated solvents can occur as a result of dry cleaning operations, we participate in the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Dry Cleaner Remediation Program (“DCRP”) with respect to four of our properties that currently or previously had a dry cleaning facility as a tenant. The DCRP administers the Dry Cleaning Remediation fund to assist with remediation of contamination caused by dry cleaning solvents.

We have not been notified by any governmental authority, and are not otherwise aware of any material noncompliance, liability or claim relating to hazardous or toxic substances in connection with any of our present or former properties. Nevertheless, it is possible that the environmental assessments conducted thus far and currently available to us do not reveal all potential environmental liabilities. It is also possible that subsequent investigations will identify material contamination or other adverse conditions, that adverse environmental conditions have arisen subsequent to the performance of the environmental assessments, or that there are material environmental liabilities of which management is unaware.

Under the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”), all places of public accommodation are required to meet certain federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. Our properties must comply with the ADA to the extent that they are considered “public accommodations” as defined by the ADA. The ADA may require removal of structural barriers to access by persons with disabilities in public areas of our properties where such removal is readily achievable. We believe that our properties are in substantial compliance with the ADA and that we will not be required to make substantial capital expenditures to address the requirements of the ADA. In addition, we will continue to assess our compliance with the ADA and to make alterations to our properties as required.

Employees

As of December 31, 2019, we had 108 full-time employees.

Materials Available on Our Website

Copies of our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports, proxy statements with respect to meetings of our shareholders, as well as Reports on Forms 3, 4 and 5 regarding our officers, trustees or 10% beneficial owners, filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a), 15(d) or 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), are available free of charge through our website (www.whitestonereit.com) as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file the material with, or furnish it to, the SEC. We have also made available on our website copies of our Audit Committee Charter, Compensation Committee Charter, Nominating and Governance Committee Charter, Corporate Governance Guidelines, Insider Trading Compliance Policy, and Code of Business Conduct and Ethics Policy. In the event of any changes to these documents, revised copies will also be made available on our website. The SEC maintains an internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC as we do. The website address is http://www.sec.gov. Materials on our website are not part of our Annual Report on Form 10-K. The contents of these websites are not incorporated into this filing.

Financial Information

Additional financial information related to the Company is included in Item 8 “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.”

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

In addition to the other information contained in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the following risk factors should be considered carefully in evaluating our business. Our business, financial condition, results of operations or the trading price of our common shares could be materially adversely affected by any of these risks. Please note that additional risks not presently known to us or which we currently consider immaterial may also impair our business and operations.

Risks Associated with Real Estate

Market disruptions may significantly and adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.

World financial markets have, from time to time, experienced significant disruption. While many U.S. real estate markets have generally stabilized since the pervasive and fundamental disruptions associated with the last recession, which resulted in increased unemployment, weakening of tenant financial condition, large-scale business failures and tight credit markets, the financial markets have been volatile recently, and oil prices have declined dramatically over the past year. Our results of operations may be sensitive to changes in overall economic conditions that impact tenants of our properties or tenant leasing practices. Adverse economic conditions affecting tenant income, such as employment levels, business conditions, interest rates, tax rates, fuel and energy costs and other matters, could reduce overall tenant leasing or cause tenants to shift their leasing practices. In addition, periods of economic slowdown or recession, rising interest rates or declining demand for real estate, or the public perception that any of these events may occur, could result in a general decline in rents or an increased incidence of defaults under existing leases. In addition, financial markets may again experience significant and prolonged disruption, including as a result of unanticipated events, or as a result of recent uncertainty regarding legislative and regulatory shifts relating to, among other things, taxation and trade, which we believe is likely to continue as a result of, among other things, the upcoming U.S. election, and which could adversely affect our tenants and our business in general. For example, a general reduction in consumer spending and the level of tenant leasing could adversely affect our ability to maintain our current tenants and gain new tenants, affecting our growth and profitability. Accordingly, if financial and macroeconomic conditions deteriorate, or if financial markets experience significant disruption, it could have a significant adverse effect on our cash flows, profitability, results of operations and the trading price of our common shares.

Real estate property investments are illiquid due to a variety of factors and therefore we may not be able to dispose of properties when appropriate or on favorable terms.

Our strategy includes opportunistically selling properties that do not have the potential to meet our Community Centered Property^® strategy. However, real estate property investments generally cannot be disposed of quickly. In addition, the Code imposes certain restrictions on the ability of a REIT to dispose of properties that are not applicable to other types of real estate companies. Therefore, we may not be able to vary our portfolio in response to economic or other conditions promptly or on favorable terms, which could cause us to incur extended losses, reduce our cash flows and adversely affect distributions to shareholders.

We cannot predict whether we will be able to sell any property for the price or on the terms set by us or whether any price or other terms offered by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us. We also cannot predict the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to close the sale of a property. To the extent we are unable to sell any properties for our book value, we may be required to take a non-cash impairment charge or loss on the sale, either of which would reduce our net income.

We may be required to expend funds and time to correct defects or to make improvements before a property can be sold. We cannot assure you that we will have funds available to correct those defects or to make those improvements, which may impede our ability to sell a property. Further, we may agree to transfer restrictions that materially restrict us from selling a property for a period of time or impose other restrictions, such as a limitation on the amount of debt that can be placed or repaid on that property. These transfer restrictions could impede our ability to sell a property even if we deem it necessary or appropriate. These facts and any others that would further contribute to the illiquid character of real estate properties and impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our properties may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, our ability to make distributions to our shareholders and the trading price of our common shares.

Our business is dependent upon our tenants successfully operating their businesses, and their failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our ability to successfully and profitably operate our business.

We depend on our tenants to operate their businesses in a manner that generates revenues sufficient to allow them to meet their obligations to us, including their obligations to pay rent, maintain certain insurance coverage, pay real estate taxes and maintain the properties in a manner so as not to jeopardize their operating licenses or regulatory status. The ability of our tenants to fulfill their obligations under our leases may depend, in part, upon the overall profitability of their operations. Cash flow generated by the businesses of certain tenants may not be sufficient for such tenants to meet their obligations to us. Our financial position could be weakened and our ability to fulfill our obligations under our indebtedness and make distributions to our shareholders could be limited if a number of our tenants were unable to meet their obligations to us or failed to renew or extend their relationships with us as their lease terms expire, or if we were unable to lease or re-lease our properties on economically favorable terms.

Disruption in capital markets could adversely impact acquisition activities and pricing of real estate assets.

Volatility or other disruption in capital markets could adversely affect our access to or the cost of debt and equity capital, which could adversely affect our acquisition and other investment activities. Disruptions could include price volatility or decreased demand in equity markets, rising interest rates, tightening of underwriting standards by lenders and credit rating agencies and the significant inventory of unsold collateralized mortgage backed securities in the market. As a result, we may not be able to obtain favorable equity and debt financing in the future or at all. This may impair our ability to acquire properties at favorable returns or adversely affect our returns on investments in development and re-development projects, which may adversely affect our results of operations and distributions to shareholders. Furthermore, any turmoil in the capital markets could adversely impact the overall amount of capital available to invest in real estate, which may result in price or value decreases of real estate assets.

The value of investments in our common shares will be directly affected by general economic and regulatory factors we cannot control or predict.

Investments in real estate typically involve a high level of risk as the result of factors we cannot control or predict. One of the risks of investing in real estate is the possibility that our properties will not generate income sufficient to meet operating expenses or will generate income and capital appreciation, if any, at rates lower than those anticipated or available through investments in comparable real estate or other investments. The following factors may affect income from properties and yields from investments in properties and are generally outside of our control:


•	conditions in financial markets;


•	continuing deterioration of the brick-and-mortar retail industry;


•	over-building in our markets;


•	a reduction in rental income as the result of the inability to maintain occupancy levels;


•	adverse changes in applicable tax, real estate, environmental or zoning laws;


•	changes in general economic conditions or economic conditions in our markets;


•	a taking of any of our properties by eminent domain;


•	adverse local conditions (such as changes in real estate zoning laws that may reduce the desirability of real estate in the area);


•	acts of God, such as hurricanes, earthquakes or floods, health and safety epidemics, such as the coranavirus outbreak and other uninsured losses;


•	changes in supply of or demand for similar or competing properties in an area;


•	changes in interest rates and availability of permanent debt capital, which may render the sale of a property difficult or unattractive; and


•	periods of high interest rates, inflation or tight money supply.

Some or all of these factors may affect our properties, which could adversely affect our operations and ability to make distributions to shareholders.

All of our properties are subject to property taxes that may increase in the future, which could adversely affect our cash flow.

Our properties are subject to property taxes that may increase as property tax rates change and as the properties are assessed or reassessed by taxing authorities. As the owner of the properties we are ultimately responsible for payment of the taxes to the government. If property taxes increase, our tenants may be unable to make the required tax payments, ultimately requiring us to pay the taxes. In addition, we will generally be responsible for property taxes related to any vacant space in our properties.

Our assets may be subject to impairment charges.

We periodically evaluate our real estate investments and other assets for impairment indicators. The judgment regarding the existence of impairment indicators is based on factors such as market conditions, tenant performance and legal structure. If we determine that a significant impairment has occurred, we would be required to make an adjustment to the net carrying value of the asset, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and funds from operations in the period in which the write-off occurs.

Compliance or failure to comply with laws requiring access to our properties by disabled persons could result in substantial cost.

The ADA and other federal, state and local laws generally require public accommodations be made accessible to disabled persons. Noncompliance with these laws could result in the imposition of fines by the government or the award of damages to private litigants. These laws may require us to modify our existing properties, which could require a significant investment of our cash resources that could otherwise be invested in more productive assets. These laws may also restrict renovations by requiring improved access to such buildings by disabled persons or may require us to add other structural features which increase our construction costs. Legislation or regulations adopted in the future may impose further obligations, restrictions or increased compliance costs on us with respect to improved access by disabled persons. We may incur unanticipated expenses that may be material to our financial condition or results of operations to comply with ADA and other federal, state and local laws, or in connection with lawsuits brought by private litigants.

We face intense competition, which may decrease, or prevent increases of, the occupancy and rental rates of our properties.

We compete with a number of developers, owners and operators of commercial real estate, many of whom own properties similar to ours in the same markets in which our properties are located. If our competitors offer space at rental rates below current market rates, or below the rental rates we currently charge our tenants, we may lose existing or potential tenants and we may be pressured to reduce our rental rates below those we currently charge or to offer more substantial rent abatements, tenant improvements, early termination rights or below-market renewal options in order to retain tenants when our tenants’ leases expire. This competitive environment could have a material adverse effect on our ability to lease our properties or any newly developed or acquired property, as well as on the rents charged.

Our acquisition strategy includes acquiring distressed commercial real estate, and we could face significant competition from other investors, REITs, hedge funds, private equity funds and other private real estate investors with greater financial resources and access to capital than us. Therefore, we may not be able to compete successfully for investments. In addition, the number of entities and the amount of purchasers competing for suitable investments may increase, all of which could result in competition for accretive acquisition opportunities and adversely affect our business plan and our ability to maintain our current dividend rate.

Risks Associated with Our Operations

Because a majority of our GLA is in the Houston and Phoenix metropolitan areas, an economic downturn in either area could adversely impact our operations and ability to make distributions to our shareholders.

The majority of our assets and revenues are currently derived from properties located in the Houston and Phoenix metropolitan areas. As of December 31, 2019, 25% and 48% of our GLA was located in Houston and Phoenix, respectively. Our results of operations are directly affected by our ability to attract financially sound commercial tenants. A significant economic downturn in the Houston or Phoenix metropolitan area may adversely impact our ability to locate and retain financially sound tenants, could have an adverse impact on our existing tenants’ revenues, costs and results of operations and may adversely affect their ability to meet their obligations to us. Likewise, we may be required to lower our rental rates to attract desirable tenants in such an environment. Consequently, because of the geographic concentration among our current assets, if either the Houston or Phoenix metropolitan area were to experience an economic downturn, our operations and ability to make distributions to our shareholders could be adversely impacted. In addition, a substantial component of the Houston economy is the oil and gas industry, and the current low prices of oil and natural gas could adversely affect companies in that industry and their employees, which could adversely affect the businesses of our Houston tenants.

We lease our properties to approximately 1,400 tenants and leases for approximately 10% to 20% of our GLA expire annually. Each year we face the risk of non-renewal of a significant percentage of our leases and the cost of re-leasing a significant amount of our available space, and our failure to meet leasing targets and control the cost of re-leasing our properties could adversely affect our rental revenue, operating expenses and results of operations.

Our Community Centered Property^® business model produces shorter term leases to smaller, non-national tenants, and substantially all of our revenues consist of base rents received under these leases. As of December 31, 2019, approximately 28% of the aggregate GLA of our properties is subject to leases that expire prior to December 31, 2021. We are subject to the risk that:


•	tenants may choose not to, or may not have the financial resources to, renew these leases;


•	we may experience significant costs associated with re-leasing a significant amount of our available space;


•	we may experience difficulties and significant time lags re-leasing vacated space, which may cause us to fail to meet our occupancy and average base rent targets and experience increased costs of re-leasing; and


•	the terms of any renewal or re-lease may be less favorable than the terms of the current leases.

We routinely seek to renew leases with our existing tenants prior to their expiration and typically begin discussions with tenants as early as 18 months prior to the expiration date of the existing lease. While our early renewal program and other leasing and marketing efforts provide early focus on expiring leases, and have generally been effective in producing lease renewals prior to expiration of the leases at rates comparable to or slightly in excess of the current rates, market conditions, including new supply of properties, and macroeconomic conditions in our markets and nationally could adversely impact our renewal rate and/or the rental rates we are able to negotiate. If any of these risks materialize, our rental revenue, operating expenses and results of operations could be adversely affected.

Many of our tenants are small businesses, which may have a higher risk of bankruptcy or insolvency.

Many of our tenants are small businesses that depend primarily on cash flows from their operations to pay their rent and without other resources could be at a higher risk of bankruptcy or insolvency than larger, national tenants. If tenants are unable to comply with the terms of our leases, we may be forced to modify the leases in ways that are unfavorable to us. Alternatively, the failure of a tenant to perform under a lease could require us to declare a default, repossess the space and find a suitable replacement tenant. There is no assurance that we would be able to lease the space on substantially equivalent or better terms than the prior lease, or at all, or successfully reposition the space for other uses. If one or more of our tenants files for bankruptcy relief, the Bankruptcy Code provides that a debtor has the option to assume or reject the unexpired lease within a certain period of time.

Any bankruptcy filing by or relating to one or more of our tenants could bar all efforts by us to collect pre-bankruptcy debts from that tenant or seize its property. A tenant bankruptcy could also delay our efforts to collect past due balances under the lease and could ultimately preclude collection of all or a portion of these sums. It is possible that we may recover substantially less than the full value of any unsecured claims we hold, if any. Furthermore, dealing with a tenant’s bankruptcy or other default may divert management’s attention and cause us to incur substantial legal and other costs. The bankruptcy or insolvency of a number of smaller tenants may have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations, our ability to make distributions to our shareholders and the trading price of our common shares.

Uninsured losses relating to real property or excessively expensive premiums for insurance coverage may adversely affect our returns.

We attempt to adequately insure all of our properties to cover casualty losses. However, there are types of losses, generally catastrophic in nature, such as losses due to wars, acts of terrorism, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, pollution or environmental matters, including as a result of climate change, which are uninsurable or not economically insurable, or may be insured subject to limitations, such as large deductibles or co-payments. Our current geographic concentration in the Houston metropolitan area potentially increases the risk of damage to our portfolio due to hurricanes. Insurance risks associated with potential terrorism acts could sharply increase the premiums we pay for coverage against property and casualty claims. In some instances, we may be required to provide other financial support, either through financial assurances or self-insurance, to cover potential losses. We cannot assure you that we will have adequate coverage for these losses. Also, to the extent we must pay unexpectedly large insurance premiums, we could suffer reduced earnings that would result in less cash to be distributed to shareholders.

Discovery of previously undetected environmentally hazardous conditions may adversely affect our operating results.

Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, ordinances and regulations, a current or previous owner or operator of real property may be liable for the cost of removal or remediation of hazardous or toxic substances on, under or in its property. The costs of removal or remediation could be substantial. These laws often impose liability whether or not the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of any hazardous or toxic substances. Environmental laws also may impose restrictions on the manner in which a property may be used or businesses may be operated, and these restrictions may require substantial expenditures. Environmental laws provide for sanctions in the event of noncompliance and may be enforced by governmental agencies or, in certain circumstances, by private parties. Certain environmental laws and common law principles could be used to impose liability for release of and exposure to hazardous substances, including asbestos containing materials into the air. In addition, third parties may seek recovery from owners or operators of real properties for personal injury or property damage associated with exposure to released hazardous substances. The cost of defending against claims of liability, of compliance with environmental regulatory requirements, of remediating any contaminated property, or of paying personal injury claims could materially adversely affect our business, assets or results of operations and, consequently, amounts available for distributions to our shareholders.

Certain of our properties currently include or have in the past included a dry cleaning facility as a tenant. See “Business - Compliance with Governmental Regulations.”

We may not be successful in consummating suitable acquisitions or investment opportunities, which may impede our growth and adversely affect the trading price of our common shares.

Our ability to expand through acquisitions is integral to our business strategy and requires us to consummate suitable acquisition or investment opportunities that meet our criteria and are compatible with our growth strategy. We may not be successful in consummating acquisitions or investments in properties that meet our acquisition criteria on satisfactory terms or at all. Failure to consummate acquisitions or investment opportunities, the failure of an acquired property to perform as expected, or the failure to integrate successfully any acquired properties without substantial expense, delay or other operational or financial problems, would slow our growth, which could in turn adversely affect the trading price of our common shares.

Our ability to acquire properties on favorable terms may be constrained by the following significant risks:


•	competition from other real estate investors with significant capital, including other REITs and institutional investment funds;


•	competition from other potential acquirers which may significantly increase the purchase price for a property we acquire, which could reduce our growth prospects;


•	unsatisfactory results of our due diligence investigations or failure to meet other customary closing conditions;


•	the failure of an acquired property to perform as expected; and


•	failure to finance an acquisition on favorable terms or at all.

If any of these risks are realized, our business, financial condition and results of operations, our ability to make distributions to our shareholders and the trading price of our common shares may be materially and adversely affected.

Our success depends in part on our ability to execute our Community Centered Property^® strategy.

Our Community Centered Property^® strategy requires intensive management of a large number of small spaces and small tenant relationships. Our success depends in part upon our management’s ability to identify potential Community Centered Properties^® and find and maintain the appropriate tenants to create such a property. Lack of market acceptance of our Community Centered Property^® strategy or our inability to successfully attract and manage a large number of tenant relationships could adversely affect our occupancy rates, operating results and dividend rate.

Our business is significantly influenced by demand for retail space generally, and a decrease in such demand may have a greater adverse effect on our business than if we owned a more diversified real estate portfolio.

Because our portfolio of properties consists primarily of community and neighborhood shopping centers, a decrease in the demand for retail space, due to the economic factors discussed above or otherwise, may have a greater adverse effect on our business and financial condition than if we owned a more diversified real estate portfolio. The market for retail space has been, and could continue to be, adversely affected by weakness in the national, regional and local economies, the adverse financial conditions of some retailing companies, the ongoing consolidation in the retail sector, the excess amount of retail space in a number of markets, health and safety concerns such as the recent coronavirus outbreak and increasing online consumer purchases.

Loss of our key personnel, particularly our senior managers, could threaten our ability to execute our strategy and operate our business successfully.

We are dependent on the experience and knowledge of our key executive personnel, particularly certain of our senior managers who have been instrumental in setting our strategic direction, operating our business, identifying, recruiting and training key personnel and arranging necessary financing. Losing the services of any of these individuals could adversely affect our business until qualified replacements could be found. We also believe that they could not quickly be replaced with managers of equal experience and capabilities and their successors may not be as effective.

Our systems may not be adequate to support our growth, and our failure to successfully oversee our portfolio of properties could adversely affect our results of operations.

We make no assurances that we will be able to adapt our portfolio management, administrative, accounting and operational systems, or hire and retain sufficient operational staff, to support our growth. Our failure to successfully oversee our current portfolio of properties or any future acquisitions or developments could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition and our ability to make distributions.

We face risks relating to cybersecurity attacks, loss of confidential information and other business disruptions.

Our business is at risk from and may be impacted by cybersecurity attacks, including attempts to gain unauthorized access to our confidential data and other electronic security breaches. Such cyber-attacks can range from individual attempts to gain unauthorized access to our information technology systems to more sophisticated security threats. We have experienced cyber-attacks, and while to date none of these incidents have been material to our operations, we expect to continue to face such threats in the future. We employ a number of measures to prevent, detect and mitigate these threats, but there is no guarantee such efforts will be successful in preventing future cyber-attacks. In addition, cybersecurity incidents could compromise the confidential information of our tenants, employees and third party vendors that we collect in the ordinary course of our business. Laws and expectations relating to data protection and privacy vary by jurisdiction and continue to evolve, and we believe increased regulation in additional jurisdictions is likely to develop in the future. For example, the California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA), that went into effect on January 1, 2020, requires covered companies to, among other things, provide new disclosures to California consumers, and afford such consumers new abilities to opt-out of certain sales of personal information. A cyber-attack or our ability or perceived inability to comply with regulations related to

cybersecurity and/or data protection and privacy could materially and adversely affect the efficiency of our business operations, which in turn could have a material adverse effect on our reputation, competitiveness and results of operations.

There can be no assurance that we will be able to pay or maintain cash distributions or that distributions will increase over time.

There are many factors that can affect the availability and timing of cash distributions to shareholders. Distributions are based upon our funds from operations, financial condition, cash flows and liquidity, debt service requirements, capital expenditure requirements for our properties and other matters our board of trustees may deem relevant from time to time. If we do not have sufficient cash available for distributions, we may need to fund the shortage out of working capital or borrow to provide funds for such distributions, which would reduce the amount of capital available for real estate investments and increase our future interest costs.

We can give no assurance that we will be able to continue to pay distributions or that distributions will increase over time. In addition, we can give no assurance that rents from our properties will increase, or that future acquisitions of real properties, mortgage loans or our investments in securities will increase our cash available for distributions to shareholders. Our actual results may differ significantly from the assumptions used by our board of trustees in establishing the distribution rate to shareholders. Our inability to make distributions, or to make distributions at expected levels, could result in a decrease in the trading price of our common shares.

Any weaknesses identified in our system of internal controls by us and our independent registered public accounting firm pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 could have an adverse effect on our business.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires that public companies evaluate and report on their systems of internal control over financial reporting. In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm must report on management's evaluation of those controls. We may identify deficiencies in our system of internal controls over financial reporting that may require remediation. For example, we identified a material weakness in our internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018 that resulted in a material misstatement in our previously filed interim unaudited consolidated financial statements and concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting were not effective as of December 31, 2018 and that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of March 31, 2018, June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2018. As a result, we restated our unaudited financial statements for the periods ended March 31, 2018, June 30, 2018 and September 30, 2018 and implemented a remediation plan for our internal controls over financial reporting and our disclosure controls and procedures. Although we believe we have adequately remediated our prior deficiencies, there can be no assurances that we will not identify future deficiencies and that any such future deficiencies may not be material weaknesses that would be required to be reported in future periods. Any deficiencies or material weaknesses could result in significant time and expense to remediate, which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and ability to make distributions to our shareholders.

Expectations of the Company relating to environmental, social and governance factors may impose additional costs and expose us to new risks.

There is an increasing focus from certain investors, employees and other stakeholders concerning corporate social responsibility (“CSR”), specifically related to environmental, social and governance factors. Some investors may use these factors to guide their investment strategies and, in some cases, may choose not to invest in us if they believe our policies relating to CSR are inadequate. Third-party providers of CSR ratings and reports on companies have increased to meet growing investor demand for measurement of CSR performance. In addition, the criteria by which companies’ CSR practices are assessed may change, which could result in greater expectations of us and cause us to undertake costly initiatives to satisfy such new criteria. Alternatively, if we elect not to or are unable to satisfy such new criteria, investors may conclude that our policies with respect to CSR are inadequate. We may face reputational damage in the event that our CSR procedures or standards do not meet the standards set by various constituencies. Furthermore, if our competitors’ CSR performance is perceived to be greater than ours, potential or current investors may elect to invest with our competitors instead. In addition, in the event that we communicate certain initiatives and goals regarding environmental, social and governance matters, we could fail, or be perceived to fail, in our achievement of such initiatives or goals, or we could be criticized for the scope of such initiatives or goals. If we fail to satisfy the expectations of investors, employees and other stakeholders or our initiatives are not executed as planned, our reputation and financial results could be materially and adversely affected.

Risks Associated with Our Indebtedness and Financing

Current market conditions could adversely affect our ability to refinance existing indebtedness or obtain additional financing for growth on acceptable terms or at all, which could adversely affect our ability to grow, our interest cost and our results of operations.

The United States credit markets have experienced significant dislocations and liquidity disruptions, including the bankruptcy, insolvency or restructuring of certain financial institutions. These circumstances have materially impacted liquidity in the debt markets, making financing terms for borrowers less attractive, and in certain cases have resulted in the unavailability of various types of debt financing. Reductions in our available borrowing capacity, or inability to refinance our revolving credit facility when required or when business conditions warrant, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, we mortgage many of our properties to secure payment of indebtedness. If we are not successful in refinancing our mortgage debt upon maturity, then the property could be foreclosed upon or transferred to the mortgagee, or we might be forced to dispose of some of our properties upon disadvantageous terms, with a consequent loss of income and asset value. A foreclosure or disadvantageous disposal on one or more of our properties could adversely affect our ability to grow, financial condition, interest cost, results of operations, cash flow and ability to make distributions to our shareholders.

Furthermore, if prevailing interest rates or other factors at the time of refinancing result in higher interest rates upon refinancing, then the interest expense relating to that refinanced indebtedness would increase. Higher interest rates on newly incurred debt may negatively impact us as well. If interest rates increase, our interest costs and overall costs of capital will increase, which could adversely affect our transaction and development activity, financial condition, results of operation, cash flow, our ability to pay principal and interest on our debt and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.

Our failure to hedge effectively against interest rate changes may adversely affect results of operations.

We currently have mortgages that bear interest at variable rates and we may incur additional variable rate debt in the future. Accordingly, increases in interest rates on variable rate debt would increase our interest expense, which could reduce net earnings and cash available for payment of our debt obligations and distributions to our shareholders.

We may seek to manage our exposure to interest rate volatility by using interest rate hedging arrangements, such as interest cap agreements and interest rate swap agreements. These agreements involve risks, such as the risk that counterparties may fail to honor their obligations under these arrangements, that these arrangements may not be effective in reducing our exposure to interest rate changes and that a court could rule that such an agreement is not legally enforceable. In the past, we have used derivative financial instruments to hedge interest rate risks related to our variable rate borrowings. We will not use derivatives for speculative or trading purposes and intend only to enter into contracts with major financial institutions based on their credit rating and other factors, but we may choose to change this practice in the future. As of December 31, 2019, we had fixed rate hedges on $274.3 million of our variable rate debt, including $265 million of our unsecured credit facility. We may enter into additional interest rate swap agreements for our variable rate debt not currently subject to hedges, which totaled $109.5 million as of December 31, 2019. Hedging may reduce the overall returns on our investments. Failure to hedge effectively against interest rate changes may materially and adversely affect our results of operations.

We currently have and may incur additional mortgage indebtedness and other borrowings, which may increase our business risks and may adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.

If we determine it to be in our best interests, we may, in some instances, acquire real properties by using either existing financing or borrowing new funds. In addition, we may incur or increase our current mortgage debt to obtain funds to acquire additional properties. We may also borrow funds if necessary to satisfy the REIT distribution requirement described above, or otherwise as may be necessary or advisable to ensure that we maintain our qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.

As of December 31, 2019, we had outstanding indebtedness, net of cash, of $630.4 million, including, through our Operating Partnership, $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Notes (as defined below) and $374.5 million drawn on the 2019 Facility (as defined below). As of December 31, 2019, our unused borrowing capacity under our 2019 Facility was $140.5 million. Obligations under the Notes and the 2019 Facility are guaranteed by the Company and certain subsidiary guarantors. Our current debt agreements, including the agreements governing the Notes and the 2019 Facility, contain, and any future debt agreements may contain, a number of restrictive and financial covenants that impose significant operating and financial restrictions on us. Such restrictive covenants may significantly limit our ability to:


•	incur additional debt, including issuing guarantees;


•	incur liens;


•	make certain investments;


•	sell or otherwise dispose of assets;


•	make acquisitions;


•	engage in mergers or consolidations or certain other “change of control” transactions;


•	make distributions to our shareholders;


•	engage in restructuring activities;


•	engage in certain sale and leaseback transactions; and


•	issue or repurchase common shares or other securities.

Such agreements may also require us to satisfy other requirements, including maintaining certain financial ratios and condition tests. Our ability to meet these requirements can be affected by events beyond our control, and we may be unable to meet them. To the extent we fail to meet any such requirements and are in default under our debt obligations, our financial condition may be materially adversely affected. Further, these restrictions may limit our ability to engage in activities that could otherwise benefit us. To the extent that we are unable to engage in activities that support the growth, profitability and competitiveness of our business, our results of operations may be materially adversely affected.

We may also incur mortgage debt on a particular property if we believe the property’s projected cash flow is sufficient to service the mortgage debt. As of December 31, 2019, we had approximately $171.4 million of mortgage debt secured by eight of our properties. If there is a shortfall in cash flow, however, the amount available for distributions to shareholders may be affected. In addition, incurring mortgage debt increases the risk of loss because defaults on such indebtedness may result in loss of property in foreclosure actions initiated by lenders. For tax purposes, a foreclosure of any of our properties would be treated as a sale of the property for a purchase price equal to the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage. If the outstanding balance of the debt secured by the mortgage exceeds our tax basis in the property, we would recognize taxable income on foreclosure, but would not receive any cash proceeds. We may give lenders full or partial guarantees for mortgage debt incurred by the entities that own our properties. When we give a guaranty on behalf of an entity that owns one of our properties, we will be responsible to the lender for satisfaction of the debt if it is not paid by that entity. If any mortgages contain cross-collateralization or cross-default provisions, there is a risk that more than one property may be affected by a default. If any of our properties are foreclosed upon due to a default, our ability to pay cash distributions to our shareholders may be adversely affected. For more discussion, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

If we set aside insufficient working capital or are unable to secure funds for future tenant improvements, we may be required to defer necessary property improvements, which could adversely impact the quality of our properties and our results of operations.

When tenants do not renew their leases or otherwise vacate their space, it is possible that, in order to attract replacement tenants, we may be required to expend substantial funds for tenant improvements and refurbishments to the vacated space. If we have insufficient working capital reserves, we will have to obtain financing from other sources. Because most of our leases provide for tenant reimbursement of operating expenses, we have not established a permanent reserve for maintenance and repairs for our properties. However, to the extent that we have insufficient funds for such purposes, we may establish reserves for maintenance and repairs of our properties out of cash flow generated by operating properties or out of non-liquidating net sale proceeds. If these reserves or any reserves otherwise established are insufficient to meet our cash needs, we may have to obtain financing from either affiliated or unaffiliated sources to fund our cash requirements. We cannot assure you that sufficient financing will be available or, if available, will be available on economically feasible terms or on terms acceptable to us. Additional borrowing for working capital purposes will increase our interest expense, and therefore our financial condition and our ability to pay cash distributions to our shareholders may be adversely affected. In addition, we may be required to defer necessary improvements to our properties that may cause our properties to suffer from a greater risk of obsolescence or a decline in value, or a greater risk of decreased cash flow as a result of fewer potential tenants being attracted to our properties. If this happens, we may not be able to maintain projected rental rates for affected properties, and our results of operations may be negatively impacted.

We have in the past and may continue to structure acquisitions of property in exchange for limited partnership units in our Operating Partnership on terms that could limit our liquidity or our flexibility.

We have in the past and may continue to acquire properties by issuing limited partnership units in our Operating Partnership (“OP units”) in exchange for a property owner contributing property to the Operating Partnership. If we enter into such transactions, in order to induce the contributors of such properties to accept OP units, rather than cash, in exchange for their properties, it may be necessary for us to provide them with additional incentives. For instance, our Operating Partnership’s limited partnership agreement provides that any holder of OP units may redeem such units for cash, or, at our option, common shares on a one-for-one basis. We may, however, enter into additional contractual arrangements with contributors of property under which we would agree to redeem a contributor’s OP units for our common shares or cash, at the option of the contributor, at set times. If the contributor required us to redeem OP units for cash pursuant to such a provision, it would limit our liquidity and thus our ability to use cash to make other investments, satisfy other obligations or pay distributions. Moreover, if we were required to redeem OP units for cash at a time when we did not have sufficient cash to fund the redemption, we might be required to sell one or more properties to raise funds to satisfy this obligation. Furthermore, we might agree that if distributions the contributor received as a limited partner in our Operating Partnership did not provide the contributor with a defined return, then upon redemption of the contributor’s OP units, we would pay the contributor an additional amount necessary to achieve that return. Such a provision could further negatively impact our liquidity and flexibility. Finally, in order to allow a contributor of a property to defer taxable gain on the contribution of property to our Operating Partnership, we might agree not to sell a contributed property for a defined period of time or until the contributor redeemed the contributor’s OP units for cash or our common shares. Such an agreement would prevent us from selling those properties, even if market conditions made such a sale favorable to us.

We may issue preferred shares with a preference in distributions over our common shares, and our ability to issue preferred shares and additional common shares may deter or prevent a sale of our common shares in which you could profit.

Our declaration of trust authorizes our board of trustees to issue up to 400,000,000 common shares and 50,000,000 preferred shares. Our board of trustees may amend our declaration of trust from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares or the number of any class or series that we have authority to issue. In addition, our board of trustees may classify or reclassify any unissued common shares or preferred shares and may set the preferences, rights and other terms of the classified or reclassified shares. The terms of preferred shares could include a preference in distributions senior to our common shares. If we authorize and issue preferred shares with a distribution preference senior to our common shares, payment of any distribution preferences of outstanding preferred shares would reduce the amount of funds available for the payment of distributions on our common shares. Further, holders of preferred shares are normally entitled to receive a preference payment in the event we liquidate, dissolve or wind up before any payment is made to our common shareholders, likely reducing the amount our common shareholders would otherwise receive upon such an occurrence. In addition, under certain circumstances, the issuance of preferred shares or a separate class or series of common shares may render more difficult or tend to discourage:


•	a merger, tender offer or proxy contest;


•	assumption of control by a holder of a large block of our shares; or


•	removal of incumbent management.

Changes in how LIBOR is determined, or the potential replacement of LIBOR with an alternative reference rate, may adversely affect our interest expense.

A number of our current debt agreements, including our 2019 Facilities, have an interest rate tied to the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”). On July 27, 2017, the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority, which regulates LIBOR, announced its intention to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit LIBOR quotations by the end of 2021. We cannot predict the impact of the potential phase out of LIBOR on our debt agreements and interest rates. While some of our current debt agreements provide procedures for determining an alternative base rate in the event that LIBOR is discontinued, not all do so. Regardless, there can be no assurances as to what alternative base rates may be and whether such base rate will be more or less favorable than LIBOR and any other unforeseen impacts of the potential discontinuation of LIBOR. The Company intends to monitor the developments with respect to the potential phasing out of LIBOR after 2021 and work with its lenders to ensure any transition away from LIBOR will have minimal impact on its financial condition, but can provide no assurances regarding the impact of the discontinuation of LIBOR on its financial condition or whether the discontinuation of LIBOR would have a material adverse effect on its results of operations.

Risks Associated with Income Tax Laws

If we fail to qualify as a REIT, our operations and distributions to shareholders would be adversely impacted.

We intend to continue to be organized and to operate so as to qualify as a REIT under the Code. A REIT generally is not taxed at the corporate level on income it currently distributes to its shareholders. Qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex rules for which there are only limited judicial or administrative interpretations. The determination of various factual matters and circumstances not entirely within our control may affect our ability to continue to qualify as a REIT. In addition, new legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions could significantly change the tax laws, possibly with retroactive effect, with respect to qualification as a REIT or the federal income tax consequences of such qualification.

If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year:


•	we would not be allowed to deduct our distributions to shareholders when computing our taxable income;


•	we would be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates;


•	we would be disqualified from being taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost, unless entitled to relief under certain statutory provisions;


•	our cash available for distributions to shareholders would be reduced; and


•	we may be required to borrow additional funds or sell some of our assets in order to pay corporate tax obligations that we may incur as a result of our disqualification.

We may need to incur additional borrowings to meet the REIT minimum distribution requirement and to avoid excise tax.

In order to maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are required to distribute to our shareholders at least 90% of our annual real estate investment trust taxable income (excluding any net capital gain and before application of the dividends paid deduction). In addition, we are subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which certain distributions paid by us with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (i) 85% of our ordinary income for that year, (ii) 95% of our net capital gain for that year and (iii) 100% of our undistributed taxable income from prior years. Although we intend to pay distributions to our shareholders in a manner that allows us to meet the 90% distribution requirement and avoid this 4% excise tax, we cannot assure you that we will always be able to do so.

Our income consists almost solely of our share of our Operating Partnership’s income, and the cash available for distribution by us to our shareholders consists of our share of cash distributions made by our Operating Partnership. Because we are the sole general partner of our Operating Partnership, our board of trustees determines the amount of any distributions made by our Operating Partnership. Our board of trustees may consider a number of factors in authorizing distributions, including:


•	the amount of cash available for distribution;


•	our Operating Partnership’s financial condition;


•	our Operating Partnership’s capital expenditure requirements; and


•	our annual distribution requirements necessary to maintain our qualification as a REIT.

Differences in timing between the actual receipt of income and actual payment of deductible expenses and the inclusion of income and deduction of expenses when determining our taxable income, as well as the effect of nondeductible capital expenditures and the creation of reserves or required debt amortization payments could require us to borrow funds on a short-term or long-term basis or make taxable distributions to our shareholders of our shares or debt securities to meet the REIT distribution requirement and to avoid the 4% excise tax described above. In these circumstances, we may need to borrow funds to avoid adverse tax consequences even if our management believes that the then prevailing market conditions generally are not favorable for borrowings or that borrowings would not be advisable in the absence of the tax consideration.

If our Operating Partnership were classified as a “publicly traded partnership” taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes under the Code, we would cease to qualify as a REIT and would suffer other adverse tax consequences.

We structured our Operating Partnership so that it would be classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. In this regard, the Code generally classifies “publicly traded partnerships” (as defined in Section 7704 of the Code) as associations taxable as corporations (rather than as partnerships), unless substantially all of their taxable income consists of specified types of passive income. In order to minimize the risk that the Code would classify our Operating Partnership as a “publicly traded partnership” for tax purposes, we placed certain restrictions on the transfer and/or redemption of partnership units in our Operating Partnership. If the Internal Revenue Service were to assert successfully that our Operating Partnership is a “publicly traded partnership,” and substantially all of its gross income did not consist of the specified types of passive income, the Code would treat our Operating Partnership as an association taxable as a corporation.

In such event, the character of our assets and items of gross income would change and would prevent us from continuing to qualify as a REIT. In addition, the imposition of a corporate tax on our Operating Partnership would reduce our amount of cash available for payment of distributions by us to our shareholders.

Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to forego otherwise attractive opportunities or liquidate otherwise attractive investments.

To qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our assets, the amounts we distribute to our shareholders and the ownership of our shares. In order to meet these tests, we may be required to forego investments we might otherwise make. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our performance.

In particular, we must ensure that at the end of each calendar quarter, at least 75% of the value of our assets consists of cash, cash items, government securities and qualified real estate assets. The remainder of our investment in securities (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) generally cannot include more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of any one issuer or more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer. In addition, in general, no more than 5% of the value of our assets (other than government securities and qualified real estate assets) can consist of the securities of any one issuer, and no more than 20% of the value of our total assets can be represented by the securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. If we fail to comply with these requirements at the end of any calendar quarter, we must correct the failure within 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter or qualify for certain statutory relief provisions to avoid losing our REIT qualification and suffering adverse tax consequences. As a result, we may be required to liquidate otherwise attractive investments. These actions could have the effect of reducing our income and amounts available for distribution to our shareholders.

Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends.

For non-corporate taxpayers the maximum tax rate applicable to “qualified dividend income” paid by regular “C” corporations to U.S. shareholders generally is 20%. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the reduced rates on qualified dividend income. Instead, our ordinary dividends generally are taxed at the higher tax rates applicable to ordinary income, the current maximum rate of which is 37%. However, for taxable years prior to 2026, individual stockholders are generally allowed to deduct 20% of the aggregate amount of ordinary dividends distributed by us, subject to certain limitations, which would reduce the maximum marginal effective tax rate for individuals on the receipt of such ordinary dividends to 29.6%.

Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge effectively and may cause us to incur tax liabilities.

The REIT provisions of the Code substantially limit our ability to hedge our liabilities. Any income from a hedging transaction that we enter into to manage risk of interest rate changes, price changes or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made to acquire or carry real estate assets does not constitute “gross income” for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests. To the extent that we enter into other types of hedging transactions, the income from those transactions is likely to be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of both of the gross income tests. As a result of these rules, we may need to limit our use of advantageous hedging techniques or implement those hedges through taxable REIT subsidiaries. This could increase the cost of our hedging activities because any taxable REIT subsidiary that we may form would be subject to tax on gains or expose us to greater risks associated with changes in interest rates than we would otherwise want to bear. In addition, losses in taxable REIT subsidiaries will generally not provide any tax benefit, except for being carried forward against future taxable income in the taxable REIT subsidiaries.

Pursuant to the Tax Protection Agreement, the amount that Pillarstone is required to indemnify the Operating Partnership for certain tax liabilities reduces over the term of the Tax Protection Agreement.

In connection with the Contribution (as defined below), on December 8, 2016, the Operating Partnership entered into a Tax Protection Agreement (the “Tax Protection Agreement”) with Pillarstone Capital REIT (“Pillarstone REIT”), the general partner of Pillarstone, and Pillarstone pursuant to which Pillarstone agreed to indemnify the Operating Partnership for certain tax liabilities resulting from its recognition of income or gain prior to December 8, 2021 (a) if such liabilities result from a transaction involving a direct or indirect taxable disposition of all or a portion of the Pillarstone Properties or (b) if Pillarstone fails to maintain and allocate to the Operating Partnership for taxation purposes minimum levels of liabilities as specified in the Tax Protection Agreement, the result of which causes such recognition of income or gain and the Company incurs taxes that must be paid to maintain its REIT status for federal tax purposes. However, the Tax Protection Agreement expires on the earlier of (x) December 8, 2021 and (y) the date on which the Operating Partnership disposes of 50% or more of the Pillarstone OP Units (as defined below) issued in connection with the Contribution. Further, the amount that Pillarstone is required to indemnify the Operating Partnership reduces over the term of the Tax Protection Agreement as follows: on December 8^th of each year, the amount of tax liability recognized by the Operating Partnership during that year that Pillarstone is required to indemnify is reduced by 20 percentage points. Once the Tax Protection Agreement has expired, the Company could be subject to additional taxes upon the occurrence of certain events that must be paid to maintain its REIT status for federal tax purposes.

Risks Related to Ownership of our Common Shares

Increases in market interest rates may result in a decrease in the value of our common shares.

One of the factors that may influence the price of our common shares will be the dividend distribution rate on the common shares (as a percentage of the price of our common shares) relative to market interest rates. If market interest rates rise, prospective purchasers of shares of our common shares may expect a higher distribution rate. Higher interest rates would not, however, result in more funds being available for distribution and, in fact, would likely increase our borrowing costs and might decrease our funds available for distribution. We therefore may not be able, or we may not choose, to provide a higher distribution rate. As a result, prospective purchasers may decide to purchase other securities rather than our common shares, which would reduce the demand for, and result in a decline in the market price of, our common shares.

Broad market fluctuations could negatively impact the market price of our common shares.

The stock market has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have affected the market price of many companies in industries similar or related to ours and that have been unrelated to these companies’ operating performances. These broad market fluctuations could reduce the market price of our common shares. Furthermore, our operating results and prospects may be below the expectations of public market analysts and investors or may be lower than those of companies with comparable market capitalizations. Either of these factors could lead to a material decline in the market price of our common shares.

Maryland takeover statutes may deter others from seeking to acquire us and prevent shareholders from making a profit in such transactions.

The Maryland General Corporation Law (“MGCL”) contains many provisions, such as the business combination statute and the control share acquisition statute, that are designed to prevent, or have the effect of preventing, someone from acquiring control of us. The business combination statute, subject to limitations, prohibits certain business combinations between us and an “interested shareholder” (defined generally as any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of our outstanding voting shares or an affiliate or associate of our Company who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of our then outstanding shares) or an affiliate of an interested shareholder for five years after the most recent date on which the person becomes an interested shareholder and thereafter imposes super-majority voting requirements on these combinations. The control share acquisition statute provides that “control shares” of our Company (defined as shares which, when aggregated with other shares controlled by the shareholder (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), entitle the shareholder to exercise one of three increasing ranges of voting power in electing trustees) acquired in a “control share acquisition” (defined as the direct or indirect acquisition of ownership or control of issued and outstanding control shares) have no voting rights except to the extent approved by our shareholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding all interested shares.

We are currently subject to the control share acquisition statute, although our board of trustees may amend our Amended and Restated Bylaws, or our bylaws, without shareholder approval, to exempt any acquisition of our shares from the

statute. Our board of trustees has adopted a resolution exempting any business combination with any person from the business combination statute. The business combination statute (if our board of trustees revokes the foregoing exemption) and the control share acquisition statute could delay or prevent offers to acquire us and increase the difficulty of consummating any such offers, even if such a transaction would be in our shareholders’ best interest.

The MGCL, the Maryland REIT Law and our organizational documents limit shareholders’ rights to bring claims against our officers and trustees.

The MGCL and the Maryland REIT Law provide that a trustee will not have any liability as a trustee so long as he performs his duties in good faith, in a manner he reasonably believes to be in our best interests, and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. In addition, our declaration of trust provides that no trustee or officer will be liable to us or to any shareholder for money damages except to the extent that (a) the trustee or officer actually received an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services, for the amount of the benefit or profit in money, property, or services actually received; or (b) a judgment or the final adjudication adverse to the trustee or officer is entered in a proceeding based on a finding in the proceeding the trustee’s or officer’s action or failure to act was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty and was material to the cause of action adjudicated in the proceeding. Finally, our declaration of trust authorizes our Company to obligate itself, and our bylaws obligate us, to indemnify and advance expenses to our trustees and officers to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.

The terms of our employment agreements with our executive officers and severance arrangements with other employees and the terms of certain equity awards granted to our employees may deter others from seeking to acquire us or reduce the price of any such acquisition.

We have entered into employment agreements with our executive officers and severance arrangements with other of our employees, and have granted equity awards to a number of our employees. In certain cases, upon a change of control acquisition of us, such agreements and awards would entitle the officer or employee to severance payments and vesting of otherwise unvested awards. The cost of these payments and the impact of the vesting of such awards could deter a third party from seeking to acquire us or could cause the price payable to shareholders in connection with any such acquisition to be lower than it otherwise may have been. These effects could delay or prevent offers to acquire us and increase the difficulty in consummating any such offers, even if such a transaction would be in our shareholders’ best interests.

Future offerings of debt, which would be senior to our common shares upon liquidation, and/or preferred equity securities that may be senior to our common shares for purposes of distributions or upon liquidation, may adversely affect the market price of our common shares.

In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by making additional offerings of debt or preferred equity securities, including medium-term notes, trust preferred securities, senior or subordinated notes and preferred shares. Upon liquidation, holders of our debt securities and preferred shares and lenders with respect to other borrowings will receive distributions of our available assets prior to the holders of our common shares. Additional equity offerings may dilute the holdings of our existing shareholders or reduce the market price of our common shares, or both. Holders of our common shares are not entitled to preemptive rights or other protections against dilution. Our preferred shares, if issued, could have a preference on liquidating distributions or a preference on distribution payments that could limit our ability to pay distributions to the holders of our common shares. Because our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. Thus, our common shareholders bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the market price of our common shares and diluting their share holdings in us.

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.

None.

Item 2. Properties.

General

As of December 31, 2019, we wholly-owned 58 commercial properties, including 15 properties in Houston, eight properties in Dallas-Fort Worth, three properties in San Antonio, four properties in Austin, 27 properties in the Scottsdale and Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan areas, and one property in Buffalo Grove, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago.

Our tenants consist of national, regional and local businesses. Our properties generally attract a mix of tenants who provide basic staples, convenience items and services tailored to the specific cultures, needs and preferences of the surrounding community. These types of tenants are the core of our strategy of creating Whitestone-branded Community Centered Properties^®. We also believe daily sales of these basic items are less sensitive to fluctuations in the business cycle than higher priced retail items. Our largest tenant represented only 2.9% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Substantially all of our revenues consist of base rents received under leases that generally have terms that range from less than one year to 15 years. The following table summarizes certain information relating to our properties as of December 31, 2019:



Commercial Properties	GLA	Average Occupancy as of 12/31/19		Annualized Base Rental Revenue (in thousands) ⁽¹⁾		Average Annualized Base Rental Revenue Per Sq. Ft. ⁽²⁾
Whitestone	4,953,571	90	%	$	87,290	$	19.58

⁽¹⁾

Calculated as the tenant’s actual December 31, 2019 base rent (defined as cash base rents including abatements) multiplied by 12. Excludes vacant space as of December 31, 2019. Because annualized base rental revenue is not derived from historical results that were accounted for in accordance with GAAP, historical results differ from the annualized amounts. Total abatements for leases in effect as of December 31, 2019 equaled approximately $76,000 for the month ended December 31, 2019.


⁽²⁾	Calculated as annualized base rent divided by GLA leased as of December 31, 2019. Excludes vacant space as of December 31, 2019.

Our largest property, BLVD Place, a retail community purchased on May 26, 2017 and located in Houston, Texas, accounted for 13.4% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2019. BLVD also accounted for 16.9% of our real estate assets, net of accumulated depreciation, for the year ended December 31, 2019.

As of December 31, 2019, approximately $171.4 million of our total debt of $645.9 million was secured by 8 of our properties with a combined net book value of $270.4 million.

Location of Properties

Of our 58 wholly-owned properties, 15 are located in the greater Houston metropolitan statistical area. These 15 properties represent 30% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019. An additional 27 of our wholly-owned properties are located in the greater Phoenix metropolitan statistical area and represent 42% of our revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Houston and Phoenix ranked sixth and twelfth, respectively, in the largest United States metropolitan statistical areas as of December 31, 2019. The following table sets forth information about the unemployment rate in Houston, Phoenix and nationally during the last six months of 2019.



	July		Aug.		Sept.		Oct.		Nov.		Dec.
National ⁽¹⁾	3.7	%	3.7	%	3.5	%	3.6	%	3.5	%	3.5	%
Houston ⁽²⁾	4.0	%	3.9	%	3.6	%	3.5	%	3.6	%	3.6	%
Phoenix ⁽²⁾	4.8	%	4.7	%	3.8	%	3.7	%	3.8	%	3.7	%	⁽³⁾


⁽¹⁾	Seasonally adjusted.


⁽²⁾	Not seasonally adjusted.


⁽³⁾	Represents estimate.

Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

General Physical and Economic Attributes

The following table sets forth certain information relating to each of our properties owned as of December 31, 2019.

Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries Property Details As of December 31, 2019

Community Name	Location	Year Built/ Renovated	Gross Leasable Square Feet	Percent Occupied at 12/31/2019		Annualized Base Rental Revenue (in thousands) ⁽¹⁾		Average Base Rental Revenue Per Sq. Ft. ⁽²⁾		Average Net Effective Annual Base Rent Per Leased Sq. Ft.⁽³⁾
Whitestone Properties:
Ahwatukee Plaza	Phoenix	1979	72,650	86	%	$	826	$	13.22	$	12.80
Anthem Marketplace	Phoenix	2000	113,293	96	%	1,756		16.15		16.04
Anthem Marketplace Phase II	Phoenix	2019	6,853	100	%	63		9.19		27.58
Bissonnet Beltway	Houston	1978	29,205	85	%	376		15.15		14.50
BLVD Place	Houston	2014	216,944	99	%	8,739		40.69		43.48
The Citadel	Phoenix	2013	28,547	99	%	502		17.76		16.42
City View Village	San Antonio	2005	17,870	100	%	520		29.10		29.10
Davenport Village	Austin	1999	128,934	97	%	3,250		25.99		25.71
Desert Canyon	Phoenix	2000	62,533	95	%	873		14.70		14.38
Eldorado Plaza	Dallas	2004	219,287	97	%	3,201		15.05		15.17
Fountain Hills	Phoenix	2009	111,289	88	%	1,626		16.60		16.52
Fountain Square	Phoenix	1986	118,209	80	%	1,741		18.41		17.86
Fulton Ranch Towne Center	Phoenix	2005	120,575	92	%	1,881		16.96		18.93
Gilbert Tuscany Village	Phoenix	2009	49,415	100	%	975		19.73		19.02
Gilbert Tuscany Village Hard Corner	Phoenix	2009	14,603	100	%	124		8.49		8.90
Heritage Trace Plaza	Dallas	2006	70,431	98	%	1,536		22.25		22.51
Headquarters Village	Dallas	2009	89,134	79	%	2,149		30.52		30.86
Keller Place	Dallas	2001	93,541	95	%	1,002		11.28		11.22
Kempwood Plaza	Houston	1974	91,302	97	%	1,139		12.86		13.45
La Mirada	Phoenix	1997	147,209	86	%	2,845		22.47		23.06
Las Colinas Village	Dallas	2000	104,919	86	%	2,403		26.63		27.29
Lion Square	Houston	2014	117,592	90	%	1,496		14.14		13.07
The Marketplace at Central	Phoenix	2012	111,130	99	%	1,037		9.43		8.99
Market Street at DC Ranch	Phoenix	2003	244,888	98	%	4,846		20.19		19.95
Mercado at Scottsdale Ranch	Phoenix	1987	118,730	85	%	1,644		16.29		16.35
Paradise Plaza	Phoenix	1983	125,898	90	%	1,421		12.54		13.22
Parkside Village North	Austin	2005	27,045	100	%	826		30.54		30.87
Parkside Village South	Austin	2012	90,101	91	%	2,173		26.50		26.55
Pima Norte	Phoenix	2007	35,110	58	%	368		18.07		19.20
Pinnacle of Scottsdale	Phoenix	1991	113,108	96	%	2,260		20.81		21.25
Pinnacle Phase II	Phoenix	2017	27,063	100	%	750		27.71		26.16
The Promenade at Fulton Ranch	Phoenix	2007	98,792	88	%	1,279		14.71		15.46
Providence	Houston	1980	90,327	96	%	975		11.24		11.29
Quinlan Crossing	Austin	2012	109,892	96	%	2,389		22.65		23.50
Seville	Phoenix	1990	90,042	78	%	2,361		33.62		34.24
Shaver	Houston	1978	21,926	100	%	342		15.60		15.55
Shops at Pecos Ranch	Phoenix	2009	78,767	79	%	1,704		27.38		26.47
Shops at Starwood	Dallas	2006	55,385	97	%	1,446		26.92		29.37
The Shops at Williams Trace	Houston	1985	132,991	94	%	1,996		15.97		15.73
South Richey	Houston	1980	69,928	100	%	757		10.83		10.85
Spoerlein Commons	Chicago	1987	41,455	82	%	691		20.33		20.83
Starwood Phase II	Dallas	2016	35,351	86	%	1,102		36.25		35.66

Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries Property Details As of December 31, 2019

Community Name	Location	Year Built/ Renovated	Gross Leasable Square Feet	Percent Occupied at 12/31/2019		Annualized Base Rental Revenue (in thousands) ⁽¹⁾		Average Base Rental Revenue Per Sq. Ft. ⁽²⁾		Average Net Effective Annual Base Rent Per Leased Sq. Ft.⁽³⁾
The Strand at Huebner Oaks	San Antonio	2000	73,920	97	%	1,639		22.86		22.80
SugarPark Plaza	Houston	1974	95,032	100	%	1,222		12.86		13.03
Sunridge	Houston	1979	49,359	79	%	528		13.54		12.54
Sunset at Pinnacle Peak	Phoenix	2000	41,530	82	%	606		17.79		18.56
Terravita Marketplace	Phoenix	1997	102,733	52	%	1,198		22.43		21.68
Town Park	Houston	1978	43,526	100	%	1,002		23.02		22.01
Village Square at Dana Park	Phoenix	2009	323,026	86	%	6,357		22.88		22.74
Westchase	Houston	1978	50,332	88	%	642		14.49		14.04
Williams Trace Plaza	Houston	1983	129,222	93	%	1,858		15.46		15.24
Windsor Park	San Antonio	2012	196,458	97	%	1,879		9.86		9.58
Woodlake Plaza	Houston	1974	106,169	62	%	969		14.72		14.16
Total/Weighted Average - Whitestone Properties			4,953,571	90	%	87,290		19.58		19.77

Land Held for Development:
BLVD Phase II-B	Houston	N/A	—	—		—		—		—
Dana Park Development	Phoenix	N/A	—	—		—		—		—
Eldorado Plaza Development	Dallas	N/A	—	—		—		—		—
Fountain Hills	Phoenix	N/A	—	—		—		—		—
Market Street at DC Ranch	Phoenix	N/A	—	—		—		—		—
Total/Weighted Average - Land Held For Development ⁽⁴⁾			—	—		—		—		—

Grand Total/Weighted Average - Whitestone Properties			4,953,571	90	%	$	87,290	$	19.58	$	19.77

⁽¹⁾

Calculated as the tenant’s actual December 31, 2019 base rent (defined as cash base rents including abatements) multiplied by 12. Excludes vacant space as of December 31, 2019. Because annualized base rental revenue is not derived from historical results that were accounted for in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, historical results differ from the annualized amounts. Total abatements for leases in effect as of December 31, 2019 equaled approximately $76,000 for the month ended December 31, 2019.


⁽²⁾	Calculated as annualized base rent divided by gross leasable area leased as of December 31, 2019. Excludes vacant space as of December 31, 2019.


⁽³⁾	Represents (i) the contractual base rent for leases in place as of December 31, 2019, adjusted to a straight-line basis to reflect changes in rental rates throughout the lease term and amortize free rent periods and abatements, but without regard to tenant improvement allowances and leasing commissions, divided by (ii) square footage under commenced leases of December 31, 2019.


⁽⁴⁾	As of December 31, 2019, these parcels of land were held for development and, therefore, had no gross leasable area.

Significant Tenants

The following table sets forth information about our 15 largest tenants as of December 31, 2019, based upon consolidated annualized rental revenues at December 31, 2019.



Tenant Name	Location	Annualized Rental Revenue (in thousands)		Percentage of Total Annualized Base Rental Revenues ⁽¹⁾		Initial Lease Date	Year Expiring

Safeway Stores Incorporated ⁽²⁾	Austin, Houston and Phoenix	$	2,498	2.9	%	11/14/1982, 5/8/1991, 7/1/2000, 4/1/2014, 4/1/2014 and 10/19/16	2021, 2021, 2022, 2024, 2025 and 2034
Whole Foods Market	Houston	2,042		2.3	%	9/3/2014	2035
Frost Bank	Houston	1,910		2.2	%	7/1/2014	2024
Newmark Real Estate of Houston LLC	Houston	1,029		1.2	%	10/1/2015	2026
Walgreens & Co. ⁽³⁾	Houston and Phoenix	946		1.1	%	11/14/1982, 11/2/1987, 8/24/1996 and 11/3/1996	2022, 2027, 2049 and 2056
Verizon Wireless ⁽⁴⁾	Houston and Phoenix	917		1.0	%	8/16/1994, 2/1/2004, 5/10/2004, 1/27/2006 and 5/1/2014	2020, 2022, 2023, 2024 and 2024
Bashas' Inc. ⁽⁵⁾	Phoenix	848		1.0	%	10/9/2004 and 4/1/2009	2024 and 2029
Alamo Drafthouse Cinema	Austin	690		0.8	%	2/1/2012	2027
Dollar Tree ⁽⁶⁾	Houston and Phoenix	628		0.7	%	8/10/1999, 6/29/2001, 11/8/2009, 12/17/2009, and 5/21/2013	2021, 2023, 2025, 2025 and 2027
Wells Fargo & Company ⁽⁷⁾	Phoenix	565		0.6	%	10/24/1996 and 4/16/1999	2022 and 2023
Kroger Co.	Dallas	483		0.6	%	12/15/2000	2022
Ruth's Chris Steak House Inc.	Phoenix	466		0.5	%	1/1/1991	2030
Regus Corporation	Houston	442		0.5	%	5/23/2014	2025
Paul's Ace Hardware	Phoenix	427		0.5	%	3/1/2008	2023
Original Ninfas LP	Houston	395		0.5	%	8/29/2018	2029
		$	14,286	16.4	%


⁽¹⁾	Annualized Base Rental Revenues represents the monthly base rent as of December 31, 2019 for each applicable tenant multiplied by 12.

⁽²⁾

As of December 31, 2019, we had six leases with the same tenant occupying space at properties located in Phoenix, Houston and Austin. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on April 1, 2014, and is scheduled to expire in 2034, was $1,047,000, which represents approximately 1.2% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on April 1, 2014, and is scheduled to expire in 2024, was $43,000, which represents less than 0.1% of our annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on May 8, 1991, and is scheduled to expire in 2021, was $344,000, which represents approximately 0.4% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on July 1, 2000, and is scheduled to expire in 2025, was $321,000, which represents approximately 0.4% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on November 14, 1982, and is scheduled to expire in 2022, was $318,000, which represents approximately 0.4% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on October 19, 2016, and is scheduled to expire in 2021, was $425,000, which represents approximately 0.5% of our total annualized base rental revenue.

⁽³⁾

As of December 31, 2019, we had four leases with the same tenant occupying space at properties located in Phoenix and Houston. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on November 3, 1996, and is scheduled to expire in 2049, was $279,000, which represents approximately 0.3% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on November 2, 1987, and is scheduled to expire in 2027, was $189,000, which represents approximately 0.2% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on November 14, 1982, and is scheduled to expire in 2022, was $181,000, which represents approximately 0.2% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on August 24, 1996, and is scheduled to expire in 2056, was $298,000, which represents approximately 0.3% of our total annualized rental revenue.

⁽⁴⁾

As of December 31, 2019, we had five leases with the same tenant occupying space at properties located in Phoenix and Houston. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on August 16, 1994, and is scheduled to expire in 2020, was $21,000, which represents less than 0.1% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on January 27, 2006, and is scheduled to expire in 2023, was $132,000, which represents approximately 0.2% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on February 1, 2004, and is scheduled to expire in 2024, was $38,000, which represents less than 0.1% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on May 1, 2014, and is scheduled to expire in 2024, was $719,000, which represents approximately 0.8% of our total annualized rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on May 10, 2004, and is scheduled to expire in 2022, was $6,000, which represents less than 0.1% of our total annualized base rental revenue.

⁽⁵⁾

As of December 31, 2019, we had two leases with the same tenant occupying space at properties located in Phoenix. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on October 9, 2004, and is scheduled to expire in 2024, was $119,000, which represents approximately 0.1% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on April 1, 2009, and is scheduled to expire in 2029, was $729,000, which represents approximately 0.8% of our total annualized base rental revenue.

⁽⁶⁾

As of December 31, 2019, we had five leases with the same tenant occupying space at properties in Houston and Phoenix. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on August 10, 1999, and is scheduled to expire in 2025, was $88,000, which represents approximately 0.1% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on December 17, 2009, and is scheduled to expire in 2025, was $110,000, which represents approximately 0.1% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on June 29, 2001, and is scheduled to expire in 2021, was $169,000, which represents approximately 0.2% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on May 21, 2013, and is scheduled to expire in 2023, was $110,000, which represents approximately 0.1% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on November 8, 2009, and is scheduled to expire in 2027, was $151,000, which represents approximately 0.2% of our total annualized base rental revenue.

⁽⁷⁾

As of December 31, 2019, we had two leases with the same tenant occupying space at properties located in Phoenix. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on October 24, 1996, and is scheduled to expire in 2022, was $131,000, which represents approximately 0.1% of our total annualized base rental revenue. The annualized rental revenue for the lease that commenced on April 16, 1999, and is scheduled to expire in 2023, was $434,000, which represents approximately 0.5% of our total annualized base rental revenue.

Lease Expirations

The following table lists, on an aggregate basis, all of our consolidated scheduled lease expirations over the next 10 years.



					Annualized Base Rent
		GLA			as of December 31, 2019
Year	Number of Leases	Approximate Square Feet	Percent of Total		Amount (in thousands)		Percent of Total
2020	408	779,390	15.7	%	$	14,195	16.2	%
2021	222	607,382	12.3	%	11,402		13.0	%
2022	203	678,521	13.7	%	12,816		14.6	%
2023	164	497,112	10.0	%	10,352		11.8	%
2024	182	676,861	13.7	%	14,018		16.0	%
2025	83	380,917	7.7	%	6,354		7.3	%
2026	31	203,577	4.1	%	4,228		4.8	%
2027	30	177,173	3.6	%	3,588		4.1	%
2028	21	107,029	2.2	%	2,444		2.8	%
2029	25	177,331	3.6	%	3,360		3.8	%
Total	1,369	4,285,293	86.6	%	$	82,757	94.4	%

Insurance

We believe that we have property and liability insurance with reputable, commercially rated companies. We also believe that our insurance policies contain commercially reasonable deductibles and limits, adequate to cover our properties. We expect to maintain this type of insurance coverage and to obtain similar coverage with respect to any additional properties we acquire in the near future. Further, we have title insurance relating to our properties in an aggregate amount that we believe to be adequate.

Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

On December 12, 2017, a property owner that owns a land parcel adjacent to a Whitestone property filed suit against Whitestone Pinnacle of Scottsdale - Phase II, LLC (“Whitestone Pinnacle”) alleging breach of contract and resulting in the delay of the construction of the their assisted living facility. In May 2019, the claimant amended their report of damages and seeks approximately $2.7 million in restitution from Whitestone Pinnacle. The Company intends to vigorously defend the matter as it believes that these claims are without merit and that it has substantial legal and factual defenses to the claims and allegations contained in the complaint.

We are a participant in various other legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of our business. These matters are generally covered by insurance. While the resolution of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that the final outcome of these matters will not have a material effect on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.

PART II

Item 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Shareholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.

Market Information

Common Shares

Our common shares are traded on the NYSE under the ticker symbol “WSR.” As of February 28, 2020, we had 42,046,732 common shares of beneficial interest outstanding held by a total of 982 shareholders of record.

On February 28, 2020, the closing price of our common shares reported on the NYSE was $12.29 per share.

Equity Compensation Plan Information

Please refer to Item 12 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for information concerning securities authorized under our equity incentive plan.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

During the three months ended December 31, 2019, certain of our employees tendered owned common shares to satisfy the tax withholding on the lapse of certain restrictions on restricted common shares issued under our 2018 Long-Term Equity Incentive Ownership Plan (the “2018 Plan”). The following table summarizes all of these repurchases during the three months ended December 31, 2019.



Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased ⁽¹⁾	Average Price Paid for Shares		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
October 1, 2019 through October 31, 2019	—	$	—	N/A	N/A
November 1, 2019 through November 30, 2019	—	—		N/A	N/A
December 1, 2019 through December 31, 2019	—	—		N/A	N/A
Total	—	$	—

⁽¹⁾ The number of shares purchased represents common shares held by employees who tendered owned common shares to satisfy the tax withholding on the lapse of certain restrictions on restricted common shares issued under the 2018 Plan. With respect to these shares, the price paid per share is based on the fair market value at the time of tender.

Performance Graph

The following graph compares the total shareholder returns of the Company's common shares to the Standard & Poor's 500 Index (“S&P 500 Index”) and to the Morgan Stanley Capital International US REIT Index (“REIT Index”) from December 31, 2014 to December 31, 2019. The graph assumes that the value of the investment in our common shares and in the S&P 500 Index and REIT Index was $100 at December 31, 2014 and that all dividends were reinvested. The closing price of our common shares on December 31, 2014 (on which the graph is based) was $15.11. The past shareholder return shown on the following graph is not necessarily indicative of future performance. The performance graph and related information shall not be deemed “filed” with the SEC, nor shall such information be incorporated by reference into any future filing, except to the extent the Company specifically incorporates it by reference into such filing.

Item 6. Selected Financial Data.

The following table sets forth our selected consolidated financial information and should be read in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, both of which appear elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.



	Year Ended December 31,
	(in thousands, except per share and per square foot data)
	2019			2018			2017			2016			2015
Operating Data:
Revenues	$	119,251		$	119,863		$	125,959		$	104,437		$	93,416
Operating expenses	85,305			86,391			93,299			80,471			71,408
Interest expense	26,285			25,177			23,651			19,239			14,910
Gain on sale of property	(853		)	(4,629		)	(16		)	(3,357		)	—
Loss on disposal of assets	215			82			183			96			185
Interest, dividend and other investment income	(659		)	(1,055		)	(410		)	(429		)	(313		)
Income from operations before equity investments in real estate partnerships and income tax	8,958			13,897			9,252			8,417			7,226
Equity in earnings of real estate partnership	15,076			8,431			—			—			—
Provision for income tax	(400		)	(347		)	(386		)	(289		)	(372		)
Profit sharing expense	—			—			(278		)	(15		)	—
Income from continuing operations	23,634			21,981			8,588			8,113			6,854
Income from discontinued operations	—			—			—			—			11
Gain on sale of properties from discontinued operations	594			—			—			—			—
Net income	24,228			21,981			8,588			8,113			6,865
Less: net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	545			550			254			182			116
Net income attributable to Whitestone REIT	$	23,683		$	21,431		$	8,334		$	7,931		$	6,749



	Year Ended December 31,
	(in thousands, except per share data and per square foot and occupancy)
	2019			2018			2017			2016			2015
Earnings per share - basic
Income from continuing operations attributable to Whitestone REIT, excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares	$	0.57		$	0.54		$	0.22		$	0.26		$	0.25
Income from discontinued operations attributable to Whitestone REIT	0.02			—			—			—			—
Net income attributable to common shareholders, excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares	$	0.59		$	0.54		$	0.22		$	0.26		$	0.25
Earnings per share - diluted
Income from continuing operations attributable to Whitestone REIT, excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares	$	0.56		$	0.52		$	0.22		$	0.26		$	0.24
Income from discontinued operations attributable to Whitestone REIT	0.01			—			—			—			—
Net income attributable to common shareholders, excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares	$	0.57		$	0.52		$	0.22		$	0.26		$	0.24
Balance Sheet Data:
Real estate (net)	$	962,022		$	938,938		$	1,018,420		$	813,052		$	745,958
Other assets	94,238			89,934			51,748			38,327			36,127
Total assets	$	1,056,260		$	1,028,872		$	1,070,168		$	851,379		$	782,085
Liabilities	$	703,162		$	669,722		$	711,764		$	583,751		$	535,094
Whitestone REIT shareholders’ equity	345,317			350,456			347,604			255,687			242,974
Noncontrolling interest in subsidiary	7,781			8,694			10,800			11,941			4,017
	$	1,056,260		$	1,028,872		$	1,070,168		$	851,379		$	782,085
Other Data:
Proceeds from issuance of common shares	$	21,244		$	—		$	118,412		$	30,014		$	49,649
Acquisitions of and additions to real estate ⁽¹⁾	$	48,047		$	11,638		$	231,120		$	91,785		$	163,050
Distributions per share⁽²⁾	$	1.13		$	1.14		$	1.13		$	1.13		$	1.13
Funds from operations⁽³⁾	$	38,026		$	39,398		$	35,039		$	27,031		$	26,696
Total occupancy at year end	90		%	90		%	88		%	87		%	87		%
Average aggregate GLA	4,859			4,925			6,403			5,837			5,734
Average rent per square foot	$	19.58		$	18.81		$	16.81		$	15.45		$	14.62



⁽¹⁾ Including amounts for discontinued operations.

⁽²⁾The distributions per share represent total cash payments divided by weighted average common shares.

⁽³⁾ We believe that Funds From Operations (“FFO”) is an appropriate supplemental measure of operating performance because it helps our investors compare our operating performance relative to other REITs. The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) defines FFO as net income (loss) available to common shareholders computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains or losses from sales of operating properties and extraordinary items, plus depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, including our share of equity method investments and joint ventures. We calculate FFO in a manner consistent with the NAREIT definition. For more information, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.”

The following table sets forth a reconciliation of net income to FFO, the nearest GAAP measure, for the periods presented:



	Year Ended December 31,
	(in thousands)
	2019			2018			2017		2016			2015
Net income attributable to Whitestone REIT	$	23,683		$	21,431		$	8,334	$	7,931		$	6,749
Adjustments to reconcile to FFO:⁽¹⁾
Depreciation and amortization of real estate assets⁽²⁾	26,468			25,401			26,290		22,179			19,646
Depreciation and amortization of real estate assets of real estate partnership (pro rata)⁽³⁾	2,362			2,903			—		—			—
Loss (gain) on sale or disposal of assets⁽²⁾	(638		)	(4,547		)	167		(3,261		)	185
Gain on sale of assets and properties of discontinued operations, net	(594		)	—			—		—			—
Gain on sale or disposal of properties or assets of real estate partnership (pro rata)⁽³⁾	(13,800		)	(6,340		)	—		—			—
Net income attributable to redeemable operating partnership units ⁽²⁾	545			550			254		182			116
FFO	$	38,026		$	39,398		$	35,045	$	27,031		$	26,696

⁽¹⁾Includes pro rata share attributable to real estate partnership in 2019 and 2018.

⁽²⁾ Including amounts for discontinued operations.

⁽³⁾Included in equity in earnings of real estate partnership on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

You should read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. For more detailed information regarding the basis of presentation for the following information, you should read the notes to our audited consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Overview of Our Company

We are a fully integrated real estate company that owns and operates commercial properties in culturally diverse markets in major metropolitan areas. Founded in 1998, we are internally managed with a portfolio of commercial properties in Texas, Arizona and Illinois.

In October 2006, our current management team joined the Company and adopted a strategic plan to acquire, redevelop, own and operate Community Centered Properties^®. We define Community Centered Properties^® as visibly located properties in established or developing culturally diverse neighborhoods in our target markets. We market, lease, and manage our centers to match tenants with the shared needs of the surrounding neighborhood. Those needs may include specialty retail, grocery, restaurants and medical, educational and financial services. Our goal is for each property to become a Whitestone-branded retail community that serves a neighboring five-mile radius around our property. We employ and develop a diverse group of associates who understand the needs of our multicultural communities and tenants.

As of December 31, 2019, we wholly-owned 58 commercial properties consisting of:

Consolidated Operating Portfolio


•	53 properties that meet our Community Centered Properties^® strategy containing approximately 5.0 million square feet of GLA and having a total carrying amount (net of accumulated depreciation) of $943.6 million; and

Redevelopment, New Acquisitions Portfolio


•	five parcels of land held for future development that meet our Community Centered Properties^® strategy having a total carrying amount of $18.4 million.

As of December 31, 2019, we had an aggregate of 1,400 tenants. We have a diversified tenant base with our largest tenant comprising only 2.9% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2019. Lease terms for our properties range from less than one year for smaller tenants to more than 15 years for larger tenants. Our leases generally include minimum monthly lease payments and tenant reimbursements for taxes, insurance and maintenance. We completed 317 new and renewal leases during 2019, totaling 952,780 square feet and $88.0 million in total lease value.

We employed 108 full-time employees as of December 31, 2019. As an internally managed REIT, we bear our own expenses of operations, including the salaries, benefits and other compensation of our employees, office expenses, legal, accounting and investor relations expenses and other overhead costs.

Real Estate Partnership

As of December 31, 2019, we, through our investment in Pillarstone OP, owned a majority interest in eight properties that do not meet our Community Centered Property® strategy containing approximately 0.9 million square feet of GLA (the “Pillarstone Properties”). We own 81.4% of the total outstanding units of Pillarstone OP, which we account for using the equity method. We also manage the day-to-day operations of Pillarstone OP.

How We Derive Our Revenue

Substantially all of our revenue is derived from rents received from leases at our properties. We had total revenues of approximately $119,251,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019 as compared to $119,863,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, a decrease of $612,000, or 1%.

Known Trends in Our Operations; Outlook for Future Results

Rental Income

We expect our rental income to increase year-over-year due to the addition of properties and rent increases on renewal leases. The amount of net rental income generated by our properties depends principally on our ability to maintain the occupancy rates of currently leased space and to lease currently available space, newly acquired properties with vacant space, and space available from unscheduled lease terminations. The amount of rental income we generate also depends on our ability to maintain or increase rental rates in our submarkets. Over the past three years, we have seen modest improvement in the overall economy in our markets, which has allowed us to maintain overall occupancy rates, with slight increases in occupancy at certain of our properties, and to recognize modest increases in rental rates. We expect this trend to continue in 2020.

Scheduled Lease Expirations

We tend to lease space to smaller businesses that desire shorter term leases. As of December 31, 2019, approximately 28% of our GLA was subject to leases that expire prior to December 31, 2021. Over the last three years, we have renewed expiring leases with respect to approximately 80% of our GLA. We routinely seek to renew leases with our existing tenants prior to their expiration and typically begin discussions with tenants as early as 18 months prior to the expiration date of the existing lease. Inasmuch as our early renewal program and other leasing and marketing efforts target these expiring leases, we hope to re-lease most of that space prior to expiration of the leases. In the markets in which we operate, we obtain and analyze market rental rates through review of third-party publications, which provide market and submarket rental rate data and through inquiry of property owners and property management companies as to rental rates being quoted at properties that are located in close proximity to our properties and we believe display similar physical attributes as our nearby properties. We use this data to negotiate leases with new tenants and renew leases with our existing tenants at rates we believe to be competitive in the markets for our individual properties. Due to the short term nature of our leases, and based upon our analysis of market rental rates, we believe that, in the aggregate, our current leases are at market rates. Market conditions, including new supply of properties, and macroeconomic conditions in our markets and nationally affecting tenant income, such as employment levels, business conditions, interest rates, tax rates, fuel and energy costs and other matters, could adversely impact our renewal rate and/or the rental rates we are able to negotiate. We continue to monitor our tenants’ operating performances as well as overall economic trends to evaluate any future negative impact on our renewal rates and rental rates, which could adversely affect our cash flow and ability to make distributions to our shareholders.

Acquisitions

We have continued to successfully grow our GLA through the acquisition of additional properties, and we expect to actively pursue and consummate additional acquisitions in the foreseeable future. We believe that over the next few years we will continue to have excellent opportunities to acquire quality properties at historically attractive prices. We have extensive relationships with community banks, attorneys, title companies and others in the real estate industry, which we believe enables us to take advantage of these market opportunities and maintain an active acquisition pipeline.

Property Acquisitions and Dispositions

We seek to acquire commercial properties in high-growth markets. Our acquisition targets are properties that fit our Community Centered Properties^® strategy. We define Community Centered Properties^® as visibly located properties in established or developing, culturally diverse neighborhoods in our target markets, primarily in and around Phoenix, Chicago, Dallas, Fort Worth, San Antonio and Houston. We may acquire properties in other high growth cities in the future. We market, lease and manage our centers to match tenants with the shared needs of the surrounding neighborhood. Those needs may include specialty retail, grocery, restaurants and medical, educational and financial services. Our goal is for each property to become a Whitestone-branded business center or retail community that serves a neighboring five-mile radius around our property.

Property Dispositions. We seek to continually upgrade our portfolio by opportunistically selling properties that do not have the potential to meet our Community Centered Property^® strategy and redeploying the sale proceeds into properties that better fit our strategy. Some of our properties that we owned at the time our current management team assumed the management of the Company may not fit our Community Centered Property^® strategy, and we may look for opportunities to dispose of these properties as we continue to execute our strategy. For example, in 2016, we sold three properties in the greater Houston area. In 2018, we sold two properties in the greater Houston area, and Pillarstone OP, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary, Whitestone Industrial-Office, LLC, sold a portfolio of three properties in the greater Houston area. In 2019,

Pillarstone OP, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary, Whitestone Industrial-Office, LLC, sold another portfolio of three properties in the greater Houston area.

On December 8, 2016, we, through our Operating Partnership, entered into a Contribution Agreement (the “Contribution Agreement”) with Pillarstone and Pillarstone REIT pursuant to which we contributed all of the equity interests in four of our wholly-owned subsidiaries: Whitestone CP Woodland Ph. 2, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“CP Woodland”); Whitestone Industrial-Office, LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“Industrial-Office”); Whitestone Offices, LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“Whitestone Offices”); and Whitestone Uptown Tower, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Uptown Tower”, and together with CP Woodland, Industrial-Office and Whitestone Offices, the “Entities”) that own 14 non-core properties (the “Pillarstone Properties”) that do not fit our Community Centered Property^® strategy, to Pillarstone for aggregate consideration of approximately $84.0 million, consisting of (1) approximately $18.1 million Class A units representing limited partnership interests in Pillarstone (“Pillarstone OP Units”), issued at a price of $1.331 per Pillarstone OP Unit; and (2) the assumption of approximately $65.9 million of liabilities, consisting of (a) approximately $15.5 million of our liability under the 2018 Facility (see Note 9 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements); (b) an approximately $16.3 million promissory note of Uptown Tower under the Loan Agreement, dated as of September 26, 2013, between Uptown Tower, as borrower, and U.S. Bank, National Association, as successor to Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC, as lender; and (c) an approximately $34.1 million promissory note (the “Industrial-Office Promissory Note”) of Industrial-Office issued under the Loan Agreement, dated as of November 26, 2013 (the “Industrial-Office Loan Agreement”), between Industrial-Office, as borrower, and Jackson National Life Insurance Company, as lender (collectively, the “Contribution”).

In connection with the Contribution, on December 8, 2016, the Operating Partnership entered into an OP Unit Purchase Agreement (the “OP Unit Purchase Agreement”) with Pillarstone REIT and Pillarstone pursuant to which the Operating Partnership agreed to purchase up to an aggregate of $3.0 million of Pillarstone OP Units at a price of $1.331 per Pillarstone OP Unit over the two-year term of the OP Unit Purchase Agreement on the terms set forth therein. The OP Unit Purchase Agreement contains customary closing conditions and the parties have made certain customary representations, warranties and indemnifications to each other in the OP Unit Purchase Agreement. In addition, pursuant to the OP Unit Purchase Agreement, in the event of a Change of Control (as defined therein) of the Company, Pillarstone shall have the right, but not the obligation, to repurchase the Pillarstone OP Units issued thereunder from the Operating Partnership at their initial issue price of $1.331 per Pillarstone OP Unit.

In connection with the Contribution, (1) with respect to each Pillarstone Property (other than Uptown Tower), Whitestone TRS, Inc., a subsidiary of the Company (“Whitestone TRS”), entered into a Management Agreement with the Entity that owns such Pillarstone Property and (2) with respect to Uptown Tower, Whitestone TRS entered into a Management Agreement with Pillarstone (collectively, the “Management Agreements”). Pursuant to the Management Agreements with respect to each Pillarstone Property (other than Uptown Tower), Whitestone TRS agreed to provide certain property management, leasing and day-to-day advisory and administrative services to such Pillarstone Property in exchange for (x) a monthly property management fee equal to 5.0% of the monthly revenues of such Pillarstone Property and (y) a monthly asset management fee equal to 0.125% of GAV (as defined in each Management Agreement as, generally, the purchase price of the respective Pillarstone Property based upon the purchase price allocations determined pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, excluding all indebtedness, liabilities or claims of any nature) of such Pillarstone Property. Pursuant to the Management Agreement with respect to Uptown Tower, Whitestone TRS agreed to provide certain property management, leasing and day-to-day advisory and administrative services to Pillarstone in exchange for (x) a monthly property management fee equal to 3.0% of the monthly revenues of Uptown Tower and (y) a monthly asset management fee equal to 0.125% of GAV of Uptown Tower.

In connection with the Contribution, on December 8, 2016, the Operating Partnership entered into a Tax Protection Agreement with Pillarstone REIT and Pillarstone pursuant to which Pillarstone agreed to indemnify the Operating Partnership for certain tax liabilities resulting from its recognition of income or gain prior to December 8, 2021 if such liabilities result from a transaction involving a direct or indirect taxable disposition of all or a portion of the Pillarstone Properties or if Pillarstone fails to maintain and allocate to the Operating Partnership for taxation purposes minimum levels of liabilities as specified in the Tax Protection Agreement, the result of which causes such recognition of income or gain and the Company incurs taxes that must be paid to maintain its REIT status for federal tax purposes.

As of December 31, 2019, we owned approximately 81.4% of the total outstanding Pillarstone OP Units, which we account for under the equity method. Additionally, certain of our officers and trustees serve as officers and trustees of Pillarstone REIT. See Note 5 Investment in Real Estate Partnership to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for more information on our accounting treatment of our investment in Pillarstone OP.

On December 29, 2017, we acquired a 1.83 acre parcel of undeveloped land for $0.9 million in cash and net prorations. The undeveloped land parcel is the hard corner at our Eldorado Plaza property.

On May 26, 2017, we acquired BLVD Place, a property that meets our Community Centered Property^® strategy, for $158.0 million, including $80.0 million of asset level mortgage financing and $78.0 million in cash and net prorations using borrowings under our 2014 Facility and a portion of the net proceeds from the April 2017 Offering (as defined below). BLVD Place, a 216,944 square foot property, was 99% leased at the time of purchase and is located in Houston, Texas. Included in the purchase of BLVD Place is approximately 1.43 acres of developable land.

On May 3, 2017, we acquired Eldorado Plaza, a property that meets our Community Centered Property^® strategy, for $46.6 million in cash and net prorations using borrowings under our 2014 Facility and a portion of the net proceeds from the April 2017 Offering. Eldorado Plaza, a 221,577 square foot property, was 96% leased at the time of purchase and is located in McKinney, Texas, a suburb of Dallas, Texas.

Hurricane Harvey. In August 2017, Hurricane Harvey impacted the South Texas region, including Houston, Texas. The majority of our Houston properties incurred minor damage and as a result, we recorded approximately $0.5 million in Harvey related repairs recorded in property operation and maintenance expense for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Leasing Activity

As of December 31, 2019, we wholly-owned 58 properties with 4,953,571 square feet of GLA, which were approximately 90% occupied. The following is a summary of the Company’s leasing activity for the year ended December 31, 2019:



	Number of Leases Signed	GLA Signed	Weighted Average Lease Term ⁽²⁾	TI and Incentives per Sq. Ft. ⁽³⁾		Contractual Rent Per Sq. Ft ⁽⁴⁾		Prior Contractual Rent Per Sq. Ft. ⁽⁵⁾		Straight-lined Basis Increase (Decrease) Over Prior Rent
Comparable ⁽¹⁾
Renewal Leases	202	707,320	4.0	$	1.60	$	17.66	$	17.34	10.2	%
New Leases	46	79,177	5.0	9.22		22.20		21.86		9.6	%
Total/Average	248	786,497	4.1	$	2.37	$	18.12	$	17.80	10.1	%

	Number of Leases Signed	GLA Signed	Weighted Average Lease Term ⁽²⁾	TI and Incentives per Sq. Ft. ⁽³⁾		Contractual Rent Per Sq. Ft ⁽⁴⁾
Total
Renewal Leases	208	726,246	4.0	$	1.73	$	17.62
New Leases	109	226,534	5.1	14.28		20.95
Total/Average	317	952,780	4.3	$	4.71	$	18.41


⁽¹⁾	Comparable leases represent leases signed on spaces for which there was a former tenant within the last twelve months and the new or renewal square footage was within 25% of the expired square footage.


⁽²⁾	Weighted average lease term (in years) is determined on the basis of square footage.


⁽³⁾	Estimated amount per signed leases. Actual cost of construction may vary. Does not include first generation costs for tenant improvements (“TI”) and leasing commission costs needed for new acquisitions, development or redevelopment of a property to bring to operating standards for its intended use.


⁽⁴⁾	Contractual minimum rent under the new lease for the first month, excluding concessions.


⁽⁵⁾	Contractual minimum rent under the prior lease for the final month.

Capital Expenditures

The following is a summary of the Company’s capital expenditures, excluding property acquisitions, for the years ended December 31 (in thousands):



	2019		2018
Capital expenditures:
Tenant improvements and allowances	$	4,989	$	4,622
Developments / redevelopments	4,041		4,142
Leasing commissions and costs	2,568		2,113
Maintenance capital expenditures	4,213		2,874
Total capital expenditures	$	15,811	$	13,751

Summary of Critical Accounting Policies

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based on our consolidated financial statements. We prepared these financial statements in conformity with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements required us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent liabilities at the dates of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. We based our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Our results may differ from these estimates. Currently, we believe that our accounting policies do not require us to make estimates using assumptions about matters that are highly uncertain. For a better understanding of our accounting policies, you should read Note 2 to our accompanying consolidated financial statements in conjunction with this “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

We have described below the critical accounting policies that we believe could impact our consolidated financial statements most significantly.

Revenue Recognition. All leases on our properties are classified as operating leases, and the related rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the related leases. Differences between rental income earned and amounts due per the respective lease agreements are capitalized or charged, as applicable, to accrued rents and accounts receivable. Percentage rents are recognized as rental income when the thresholds upon which they are based have been met. Recoveries from tenants for taxes, insurance, and other operating expenses are recognized as revenues in the period the corresponding costs are incurred. We combine lease and nonlease components in lease contracts, which includes combining base rent, recoveries, and percentage rents into a single line item, Rental, within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. Additionally, we have tenants who pay real estate taxes directly to the taxing authority. We exclude these costs paid directly by the tenant to third parties on our behalf from revenue recognized and the associated property operating expense.

Other property income primarily includes amounts recorded in connection with management fees and lease termination fees. Pillarstone OP pays us management fees for property management, leasing and day-to-day advisory and administrative services. Their obligations are satisfied over time. Pillarstone OP is billed monthly and typically pays quarterly. Revenues are governed by the Management Agreements (as defined in Note 5 to our accompanying consolidated financial statements). Refer to Note 5 to our accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the Management Agreements with Pillarstone OP. Additionally, we recognize lease termination fees in the year that the lease is terminated and collection of the fee is probable. Amounts recorded within other property income are accounted for at the point in time when control of the goods or services transfers to the customer and our performance obligation is satisfied.

Profit-sharing Method. In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) guidance applicable to sales of real estate or interests therein, specifically FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360-20, “Real Estate Sales,” Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” and ASC 610, “Other Income–Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets,” we did not recognize the sale of assets to Pillarstone OP in the Contribution and accounted for the transaction under the profit-sharing method for the year ended December 31, 2017. We recognized Pillarstone OP’s real estate assets and notes payables in our consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, the profits and losses of Pillarstone OP not attributable to the Company are reported as profit sharing expense. As a result of the adoption of Topic 606 and ASC 610, the Company derecognized the underlying assets and liabilities associated with the Contribution as of January 1, 2018 and recognized the Company’s investment in Pillarstone OP under the equity method.

Equity Method. For the years prior to December 31, 2017, Pillarstone OP was accounted for under the profit-sharing method. In accordance with the FASB guidance applicable to sales of real estate or interests therein, specifically FASB ASC 360-20, “Real Estate Sales,” Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” and ASC 610, “Other Income–Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets,” we adopted Topic 606 and ASC 610 as of January 1, 2018, resulting in the derecognition of the underlying assets and liabilities associated with the Contribution (defined below) as of January 1, 2018 and the recognition of the Company’s investment in Pillarstone OP under the equity method. See Note 5 to our accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional disclosure on Pillarstone OP.

Development Properties. Land, buildings and improvements are recorded at cost. Expenditures related to the development of real estate are carried at cost which includes capitalized carrying charges and development costs. Carrying charges (interest, real estate taxes, loan fees, and direct and indirect development costs related to buildings under construction), are capitalized as part of construction in progress. The capitalization of such costs ceases when the property, or any completed portion, becomes available for occupancy. For the year ended December 31, 2019, approximately $500,000 and $320,000 in interest expense and real estate taxes, respectively, were capitalized. For the year ended December 31, 2018, approximately

$574,000 and $365,000 in interest expense and real estate taxes, respectively, were capitalized. For the year ended December 31, 2017, approximately $439,000 and $277,000 in interest expense and real estate taxes, respectively, were capitalized.

Acquired Properties and Acquired Lease Intangibles. We allocate the purchase price of the acquired properties to land, building and improvements, identifiable intangible assets and to the acquired liabilities based on their respective fair values at the time of purchase. Identifiable intangibles include amounts allocated to acquired out-of-market leases, the value of in-place leases and customer relationship value, if any. We determine fair value based on estimated cash flow projections that utilize appropriate discount and capitalization rates and available market information. Estimates of future cash flows are based on a number of factors including the historical operating results, known trends and specific market and economic conditions that may affect the property. Factors considered by management in our analysis of determining the as-if-vacant property value include an estimate of carrying costs during the expected lease-up periods considering market conditions, and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating carrying costs, management includes real estate taxes, insurance and estimates of lost rentals at market rates during the expected lease-up periods, tenant demand and other economic conditions. Management also estimates costs to execute similar leases including leasing commissions, tenant improvements, legal and other related expenses. Intangibles related to out-of-market leases and in-place lease value are recorded as acquired lease intangibles and are amortized as an adjustment to rental revenue or amortization expense, as appropriate, over the remaining terms of the underlying leases. Premiums or discounts on acquired out-of-market debt are amortized to interest expense over the remaining term of such debt.

Depreciation. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of 5 to 39 years for improvements and buildings, respectively. Tenant improvements are depreciated using the straight-line method over the life of the improvement or remaining term of the lease, whichever is shorter.

Impairment. We review our properties for impairment at least annually or whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets, including accrued rental income, may not be recoverable through operations. We determine whether an impairment in value has occurred by comparing the estimated future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges), including the estimated residual value of the property, with the carrying cost of the property. If impairment is indicated, a loss will be recorded for the amount by which the carrying value of the property exceeds its fair value. Management has determined that there has been no impairment in the carrying value of our real estate assets as of December 31, 2019.

Accrued Rents and Accounts Receivable. Included in accrued rents and accounts receivable are base rents, tenant reimbursements and receivables attributable to recording rents on a straight-line basis. We review the collectability of charges under our tenant operating leases on a regular basis, taking into consideration changes in factors such as the tenant’s payment history, the financial condition of the tenant, business conditions in the industry in which the tenant operates and economic conditions in the area where the property is located. With the adoption of ASC No. 842, Leases (“Topic 842”), as of January 1, 2019 we recognize an adjustment to rental revenue if we deem it probable that the receivable will not be collected. Prior to the adoption of Topic 842, we recognized an allowance for doubtful accounts and bad debt expense of the specific rents receivable. Our review of collectability under our operating leases includes any accrued rental revenues related to the straight-line method of reporting rental revenue. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, we had an allowance for uncollectible accounts of $11.2 million and $9.7 million, respectively. For the year ending December 31, 2019, we recorded an adjustment to rental revenue in the amount of $1.5 million. For the year ending December 31, 2018 and 2017, we recorded bad debt expense in the amount of $1.4 million and $2.3 million, respectively.

Unamortized Lease Commissions and Loan Costs. Leasing commissions are amortized using the straight-line method over the terms of the related lease agreements. Loan costs are amortized on the straight-line method over the terms of the loans, which approximates the interest method. Costs allocated to in-place leases whose terms differ from market terms related to acquired properties are amortized over the remaining life of the respective leases.

Prepaids and Other Assets. Prepaids and other assets include escrows established pursuant to certain mortgage financing arrangements for real estate taxes and insurance and acquisition deposits which include earnest money deposits on future acquisitions.

Federal Income Taxes. We elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code beginning with our taxable year ended December 31, 1999. As a REIT, we generally are not subject to federal income tax on income that we distribute to our shareholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. We believe that we are organized and operate in such a manner as to qualify to be taxed as a REIT, and we intend to operate so as to remain qualified as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.

State Taxes. We are subject to the Texas Margin Tax which is computed by applying the applicable tax rate (1% for us) to the profit margin, which, generally, will be determined for us as total revenue less a 30% standard deduction. Although the Texas Margin Tax is not an income tax, FASB ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”) applies to the Texas Margin Tax. As of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we recorded a margin tax provision of $0.4 million, $0.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments. Our financial instruments consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts and notes payable and investments in marketable securities. The carrying value of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable are representative of their respective fair values due to their short-term nature. The fair value of our long-term debt, consisting of fixed rate secured notes, variable rate secured notes and an unsecured revolving credit facility aggregate to approximately $653.7 million and $618.6 million as compared to the book value of approximately $645.9 million and $619.4 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The fair value of our long-term debt is estimated on a Level 2 basis (as provided by ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”), using a discounted cash flow analysis based on the borrowing rates currently available to us for loans with similar terms and maturities, discounting the future contractual interest and principal payments.

The fair value of our loan guarantee to Pillarstone OP is estimated on a Level 3 basis (as provided by ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”), using a probability-weighted discounted cash flow analysis based on a discount rate, discounting the loan balance. The fair value of the loan guarantee is $0.1 million and $0.3 million as compared to the book value of approximately $0.1 million and $0.3 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively.

Disclosure about fair value of financial instruments is based on pertinent information available to management as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. Although management is not aware of any factors that would significantly affect the fair value amounts, such amounts have not been comprehensively revalued for purposes of these financial statements since December 31, 2019 and current estimates of fair value may differ significantly from the amounts presented herein.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. We occasionally utilize derivative financial instruments, principally interest rate swaps, to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. We have established policies and procedures for risk assessment, and the approval, reporting and monitoring of derivative financial instruments. We recognize our interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges with the effective portion of the changes in fair value recorded in comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged transaction affects earnings. Any ineffective portion of a cash flow hedge’s change in fair value is recorded immediately into earnings. Our cash flow hedges are determined using Level 2 inputs under ASC 820. Level 2 inputs represent quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable. As of December 31, 2019, we consider our cash flow hedges to be highly effective.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements. In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance, as amended in subsequent updates, establishing a single comprehensive model for entities to use in accounting for revenue arising from contracts with customers and superseded most of the existing revenue recognition guidance. The standard also required an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services and also required certain additional disclosures. This guidance became effective for the reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted this guidance on a modified retrospective basis beginning January 1, 2018 and have derecognized the underlying assets and liabilities associated with the Contribution as of January 1, 2018 and have recognized the Company’s investment in Pillarstone OP under the equity method of accounting. The Company made an adjustment which decreased the Company’s accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2018 by $19.1 million. See Note 5 to our accompanying consolidated financial statements for further details.

In February 2016, FASB issued ASU No. 2016-2 which provided the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases. Additional guidance and targeted improvements to Topic 842 were made through the issuance of supplementary ASUs in July 2018, December 2018 and March 2019.

Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted the new lease accounting guidance in Topic 842. As the lessee and lessor, we have elected the package of practical expedients permitted in Topic 842. Accordingly, we have accounted for our existing operating leases as operating leases under the new guidance, without reassessing (a) whether the contract contains a lease under Topic 842, (b) whether classification of the operating lease would be different in accordance with Topic 842, or (c) whether the unamortized initial direct costs before transition adjustments (as of December 31, 2018) would have met the definition of initial direct costs in Topic 842 at lease commencement. Additionally, as the lessee and lessor we will use hindsight in determining the lease term and in assessing impairment of our right-of-use assets. As a result of the adoption of the new lease accounting

guidance, as the lessee, we recognized on January 1, 2019 (a) a lease liability of approximately $1.1 million, which represents the present value of the remaining lease payments of approximately $1.2 million discounted using our incremental borrowing rate of 4.5%, and (b) a right-of-use asset of approximately $1.1 million. The adoption of Topic 842 did not have a material impact to our net income and related per share amounts.

Upon adoption of Topic 842, lessees and lessors are required to apply a modified retrospective transition approach. Reporting entities are permitted to choose one of two methods to recognize and measure leases within the scope of Topic 842:

•

Apply Topic 842 to each lease that existed at the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements as well as leases that commenced after that date. Under this method, prior comparative periods presented are adjusted. For leases that commenced prior to the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented, a cumulative-effect adjustment is recognized at that date.


•	Apply the guidance to each lease that had commenced as of the beginning of the reporting period in which the entity first applies the leases standard with a cumulative-effect adjustment as of that date. Prior comparative periods would not be adjusted under this method.

We have elected an optional transition method that allows entities to initially apply Topic 842 at January 1, 2019, the date of adoption, and to recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings in the period of adoption. As the lessor, we have not assessed unamortized legal costs as part of the package of practical expedients, and we will not make any adjustment to retained earnings at the date of adoption to write off unamortized legal costs. We will continue to amortize unamortized legal costs as of December 31, 2018 over the life of the respective leases. We did not have a cumulative-effect adjustment as of the adoption date. Additionally, the optional transition method does allow us to not have to apply the new standard (including disclosure requirements) to comparative periods presented. Those periods can continue to be presented in accordance with prior generally accepted accounting principles.

Topic 842 requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases and operating leases. Based on our election of the package of practical expedients, our existing commercial leases, where we are the lessor, continue to be accounted for as operating leases under the new standard. However, Topic 842 changed certain requirements regarding the classification of leases that could result in us recognizing certain long-term leases entered into or modified after January 1, 2019 as sales-type leases or finance leases, as opposed to operating leases. We will continue to monitor our leases following the adoption date to ensure that they are classified in accordance with the new lease standards.

We elected a practical expedient which allows lessors to not separate non-lease components from the lease component when the timing and pattern of transfer for the lease components and non-lease components are the same and if the lease component is classified as an operating lease. As a result, we now present all rentals and reimbursements from tenants as a single line item, Rental, within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

We review the collectability of charges under our tenant operating leases on a regular basis, taking into consideration changes in factors such as the tenant’s payment history, the financial condition of the tenant, business conditions in the industry in which the tenant operates and economic conditions in the area where the property is located. Each tenant is included in one of several portfolios and an allowance is calculated using the calculation methodology for the respective portfolio. With the adoption of Topic 842, we will recognize an adjustment to rental revenue if we deem it probable that the receivable will not be collected. Prior to the adoption of Topic 842, we recognized an allowance for doubtful accounts and bad debt expense of the specific rents receivable. Our review of collectability under our operating leases includes any accrued rental revenues related to the straight-line method of reporting rental revenue.

In November 2016, the FASB issued guidance requiring that the statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Therefore, amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. This guidance became effective for the reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2018, and we have reconciled cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents on a retrospective basis, whereas under the previous guidance, we reported restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents under cash flows from financing activities.

assets or businesses. This guidance became effective for the reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted this guidance on a prospective basis beginning January 1, 2018 and believe the majority of our future acquisitions will qualify as asset acquisitions and the associated transaction costs will be capitalized as opposed to expensed under previous guidance.

In February 2017, the FASB issued guidance clarifying the scope of asset derecognition guidance, adding guidance for partial sales of nonfinancial assets and clarifying recognizing gains and losses from the transfer of nonfinancial assets in contracts with noncustomers. This guidance became effective for the reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted this guidance on a modified retrospective basis beginning January 1, 2018 and have derecognized the underlying assets and liabilities associated with the Contribution as of January 1, 2018 and have recognized the Company’s investment in Pillarstone OP under the equity method of accounting. The Company made an adjustment which decreased the Company’s accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2018 by $19.1 million. See Note 5 to our accompanying consolidated financial statements for further details.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our short-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of distributions to holders of our common shares and OP units, including those required to maintain our REIT status and satisfy our current quarterly distribution target of $0.2850 per share and OP unit, recurring expenditures, such as repairs and maintenance of our properties, non-recurring expenditures, such as capital improvements and tenant improvements, debt service requirements, and, potentially, acquisitions of additional properties.

During the year ended December 31, 2019, our cash provided from operating activities was $47,748,000 and our total dividends and distributions paid were $46,682,000. Therefore, we had cash flow from operations in excess of distributions of approximately $1,066,000. The 2019 Facility included a $300 million unsecured borrowing capacity under a revolving credit facility, two $50 million term loans and one $100 million term loan. The 2019 Facility also included an accordion feature that allowed the Operating Partnership to increase the borrowing capacity to $700 million, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions. We anticipate that cash flows from operating activities and our borrowing capacity under the 2019 Facility will provide adequate capital for our distributions, working capital requirements, anticipated capital expenditures and scheduled debt payments in the short term. We also believe that cash flows from operating activities and our borrowing capacity will allow us to make all distributions required for us to continue to qualify to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.

Our long-term capital requirements consist primarily of maturities under our longer-term debt agreements, development and redevelopment costs, and potential acquisitions. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements with net cash from operations, long-term indebtedness, sales of common shares, issuance of OP units, sales of underperforming and non-core properties and other financing opportunities, including debt financing. We believe we have access to multiple sources of capital to fund our long-term liquidity requirements, including the incurrence of additional debt and the issuance of additional equity. However, our ability to incur additional debt will be dependent on a number of factors, including our degree of leverage, the value of our unencumbered assets and borrowing restrictions that may be imposed by lenders. Our ability to access the equity markets will be dependent on a number of factors as well, including general market conditions for REITs and market perceptions about our Company.

We expect that our rental income will increase as we continue to acquire additional properties, subsequently increasing our cash flows generated from operating activities. We intend to finance the continued acquisition of such additional properties through equity issuances and through debt financing.

Our capital structure includes non-recourse secured debt that we assumed or originated on certain properties. We may hedge the future cash flows of certain debt transactions principally through interest rate swaps with major financial institutions.

As discussed in Note 2 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements, pursuant to the term of our $15.1 million 4.99% Note, due January 6, 2024 (see Note 9 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements), which is collateralized by our Anthem Marketplace property, we were required by the lenders thereunder to establish a cash management account controlled by the lenders to collect all amounts generated by our Anthem Marketplace property in order to collateralize such promissory note. Amounts in the cash management account are classified as restricted cash.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

We had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $15,643,000 at December 31, 2019, as compared to $13,786,000 at December 31, 2018. The increase of $1,857,000 was primarily the result of the following:

Sources of Cash


•	Cash flow from operations of $47,748,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019;


•	Proceeds of $100,000,000 from issuance of bonds pursuant to the Note Agreement (as defined below);


•	Proceeds from issuance of common shares, net of offering costs of $21,124,000;


•	Net cash provided from investing activities of discontinued operations of $594,000;


•	Net proceeds from financed receivable due from related party of $5,661,000;

Uses of Cash


•	Payment of dividends and distributions to common shareholders and OP unit holders of $46,682,000;


•	Acquisitions of real estate of $34,804,000;


•	Additions to real estate of $13,243,000;


•	Payments of loan origination costs of $2,970,000;


•	Net payments of $66,700,000 to the 2019 Facility;


•	Payments of notes payable of $8,095,000; and


•	Repurchase of common shares of $776,000.

We place all cash in short-term, highly liquid investments that we believe provide appropriate safety of principal.

Equity Offerings

On May 15, 2019, our new universal shelf registration statement on Form S-3 was declared effective by the SEC, allowing us to offer up to $750 million in securities from time to time, including common shares, preferred shares, debt securities, depositary shares and subscription rights.

On May 31, 2019, we entered into nine equity distribution agreements for an at-the-market equity distribution program (the “2019 equity distribution agreements”) providing for the issuance and sale of up to an aggregate of $100 million of the Company’s common shares. Actual sales will depend on a variety of factors determined by us from time to time, including (among others) market conditions, the trading price of our common shares, capital needs and our determinations of the appropriate sources of funding for us, and were made in transactions that will be deemed to be “at the-market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act. We have no obligation to sell any of our common shares and can at any time suspend offers under the 2019 equity distribution agreements or terminate the 2019 equity distribution agreements. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we sold 1,612,389 common shares under the 2019 equity distribution agreements, with net proceeds to us of approximately $21.2 million. In connection with such sales, we paid compensation of approximately $324,000 to the sales agents.

We have used and anticipate using net proceeds from common shares issued pursuant to the 2019 equity distribution agreements for general corporate purposes, which may include acquisitions of additional properties, the repayment of outstanding indebtedness, capital expenditures, the expansion, redevelopment and/or re-tenanting of properties in our portfolio, working capital and other general purposes.

On April 25, 2017, we completed the sale of 8,018,500 common shares, including 1,018,500 common shares purchased by the underwriters upon exercise of their option to purchase additional common shares, at a public offering price per share of $13.00 (the “April 2017 Offering”). Total net proceeds from the April 2017 Offering, after deducting offering expenses, were approximately $99.9 million, which we contributed to the Operating Partnership in exchange for OP units. The Operating Partnership used the net proceeds from the April 2017 Offering to repay a portion of the 2018 Facility and for general corporate purposes, including funding a portion of the purchase price of BLVD Place and Eldorado Plaza.

On June 4, 2015, we entered into nine amended and restated equity distribution agreements (the “2015 equity distribution agreements”) for an at-the-market distribution program. Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the 2015 equity distribution agreements, we could issue and sell up to an aggregate of $50 million of our common shares pursuant to our Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-203727), which expired on April 29, 2018. Actual sales depended on a variety of factors determined by us from time to time, including (among others) market conditions, the trading price of our common shares, capital needs and our determinations of the appropriate sources of funding for us, and were made in transactions that will be deemed to be “at-the-market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act. We had no obligation to sell any of our common shares, and could at any time suspend offers under the 2015 equity distribution agreements or terminate the 2015 equity distribution agreements. For the year ended December 31, 2018, we did not sell any common shares under the 2015 equity distribution agreements. For the year ended December 31, 2017, we sold 1,324,038 common shares under the 2015 equity distribution agreements, with net proceeds to us of approximately $18.6 million. In connection with such sales, we paid compensation of approximately $0.3 million to the sales agents.

Debt

Debt consisted of the following as of the dates indicated (in thousands):



	December 31,
Description	2019			2018
Fixed rate notes
$10.5 million, 4.85% Note, due September 24, 2020 ⁽¹⁾	$	9,260		$	9,500
$50.0 million, 1.75% plus 1.35% to 1.90% Note, due October 30, 2020 ⁽²⁾	—			50,000
$50.0 million, 1.50% plus 1.35% to 1.90% Note, due January 29, 2021 ⁽³⁾	—			50,000
$100.0 million, 1.73% plus 1.35% to 1.90% Note, due October 30, 2022 ⁽⁴⁾	100,000			100,000
$165.0 million, 2.24% plus 1.35% to 1.90% Note, due January 31, 2024 ⁽⁵⁾	165,000			—
$80.0 million, 3.72% Note, due June 1, 2027	80,000			80,000
$6.5 million 3.80% Note, due January 1, 2019	—			5,657
$19.0 million 4.15% Note, due December 1, 2024	19,000			19,000
$20.2 million 4.28% Note, due June 6, 2023	18,616			18,996
$14.0 million 4.34% Note, due September 11, 2024	13,482			13,718
$14.3 million 4.34% Note, due September 11, 2024	14,243			14,300
$15.1 million 4.99% Note, due January 6, 2024	14,409			14,643
$2.6 million 5.46% Note, due October 1, 2023	2,386			2,430
$50.0 million, 5.09% Note, due March 22, 2029	50,000			—
$50.0 million, 5.17% Note, due March 22, 2029	50,000			—
Floating rate notes
Unsecured line of credit, LIBOR plus 1.40% to 1.90%, due January 31, 2023 ⁽⁶⁾	109,500			241,200
Total notes payable principal	645,896			619,444
Less deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization	(1,197		)	(1,239		)
	$	644,699		$	618,205


⁽¹⁾	Promissory note includes an interest rate swap that fixed the interest rate at 3.55% for the duration of the term through September 24, 2018 and 4.85% beginning September 25, 2018 through September 24, 2020.


⁽²⁾	Promissory note includes an interest rate swap that fixed the LIBOR portion of Term Loan 1 (as defined below) at 0.84% through February 4, 2017 and 1.75% beginning February 3, 2017 through October 30, 2020.


⁽³⁾	Promissory note includes an interest rate swap that fixed the LIBOR portion of Term Loan 2 (as defined below) at 1.50%.


⁽⁴⁾	Promissory note includes an interest rate swap that fixed the LIBOR portion of Term Loan 3 (as defined below) at 1.73%.


⁽⁵⁾	Promissory note includes an interest rate swap that fixed the LIBOR portion of the interest rate at an average rate of 2.24% for the duration of the term through January 31, 2024.


⁽⁶⁾	Unsecured line of credit includes certain Pillarstone Properties as of December 31, 2018, in determining the amount of credit available under the 2018 Facility which were released from collateral during 2019.

LIBOR is expected to be discontinued after 2021. A number of our current debt agreements have an interest rate tied to LIBOR. Some of these agreements provide procedures for determining an alternative base rate in the event that LIBOR is discontinued, but not all do so. Regardless, there can be no assurances as to what alternative base rates may be and whether such base rate will be more or less favorable than LIBOR and any other unforeseen impacts of the potential discontinuation of LIBOR. The Company intends to monitor the developments with respect to the potential phasing out of LIBOR after 2021 and work with its lenders to ensure any transition away from LIBOR will have minimal impact on its financial condition, but can provide no assurances regarding the impact of the discontinuation of LIBOR.

On March 22, 2019, we, through our Operating Partnership, entered into a Note Purchase and Guarantee Agreement (the “Note Agreement”) together with certain subsidiary guarantors as initial guarantor parties thereto (the “Subsidiary Guarantors”) and The Prudential Insurance Company of America and the various other purchasers named therein (collectively, the “Purchasers”) providing for the issuance and sale of $100 million of senior unsecured notes of the Operating Partnership, of which (i) $50 million are designated as 5.09% Series A Senior Notes due March 22, 2029 (the “Series A Notes”) and (ii) $50 million are designated as 5.17% Series B Senior Notes due March 22, 2029 (the “Series B Notes” and, together with the Series A Notes, the “Notes”) pursuant to a private placement that closed on March 22, 2019 (the “Private Placement”). Obligations under the Notes are unconditionally guaranteed by the Company and by the Subsidiary Guarantors.

The principal of the Series A Notes will begin to amortize on March 22, 2023 with annual principal payments of approximately $7.1 million. The principal of the Series B Notes will begin to amortize on March 22, 2025 with annual principal payments of $10.0 million. The Notes will pay interest quarterly on the 22nd day of March, June, September and December in each year until maturity.

The Operating Partnership may prepay at any time all, or from time to time part of, the Notes, in an amount not less than $1,000,000 in the case of a partial prepayment, at 100% of the principal amount so prepaid, plus a make-whole amount. The make-whole amount is equal to the excess, if any, of the discounted value of the remaining scheduled payments with respect to the Notes being prepaid over the aggregate principal amount of such Notes (as described in the Note Agreement). In addition, in connection with a Change of Control (as defined in the Note Purchase Agreement), the Operating Partnership is required to offer to prepay the Notes at 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest thereon.

The Note Agreement contains representations, warranties, covenants, terms and conditions customary for transactions of this type and substantially similar to the Operating Partnership’s existing senior revolving credit facility, including limitations on liens, incurrence of investments, acquisitions, loans and advances and restrictions on dividends and certain other restricted payments. In addition, the Note Agreement contains certain financial covenants substantially similar to the Operating Partnership’s existing senior revolving credit facility, including the following:


•	maximum total indebtedness to total asset value ratio of 0.60 to 1.00;


•	maximum secured debt to total asset value ratio of 0.40 to 1.00;


•	minimum EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization or extraordinary items) to fixed charges ratio of 1.50 to 1.00;


•	maximum other recourse debt to total asset value ratio of 0.15 to 1.00; and


•	maintenance of a minimum tangible net worth (adjusted for accumulated depreciation and amortization) of $372 million plus 75% of the net proceeds from additional equity offerings (as defined therein).

In addition, the Note Agreement contains a financial covenant requiring that maximum unsecured debt not exceed the lesser of (i) an amount equal to 60% of the aggregate unencumbered asset value and (ii) the debt service coverage amount (as described in the Note Agreement). That covenant is substantially similar to the borrowing base concept contained in the Operating Partnership’s existing senior revolving credit facility.

The Note Agreement also contains default provisions, including defaults for non-payment, breach of representations and warranties, insolvency, non-performance of covenants, cross-defaults with other indebtedness and guarantor defaults. The occurrence of an event of default under the Note Agreement could result in the Purchasers accelerating the payment of all obligations under the Notes. The financial and restrictive covenants and default provisions in the Note Agreement are substantially similar to those contained in the Operating Partnership’s existing credit facility.

Net proceeds from the Private Placement were used to refinance existing indebtedness. The Notes have not been and will not be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and may not be offered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act. The Notes were sold in reliance on the exemption from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act.

On January 31, 2019, we, through our Operating Partnership, entered into an unsecured credit facility (the “2019 Facility”) with the lenders party thereto, Bank of Montreal, as administrative agent (the “Agent”), SunTrust Robinson Humphrey, as syndication agent, and BMO Capital Markets Corp., U.S. Bank National Association, SunTrust Robinson Humphrey and Regions Capital Markets, as co-lead arrangers and joint book runners. The 2019 Facility amended and restated the 2018 Facility (as defined below).

The 2019 Facility is comprised of the following three tranches:


•	$250.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility with a maturity date of January 1, 2023 (the “2019 Revolver”);


•	$165.0 million unsecured term loan with a maturity date of January 31, 2024 (“Term Loan A”); and


•	$100.0 million unsecured term loan with a maturity date of October 30, 2022 (“Term Loan B” and together with Term Loan A, the “2019 Term Loans”).

Borrowings under the 2019 Facility accrue interest (at the Operating Partnership's option) at a Base Rate or an Adjusted LIBOR plus an applicable margin based upon our then existing leverage. As of December 31, 2019, the interest rate on the 2019 Revolver was 3.35%. The applicable margin for Adjusted LIBOR borrowings ranges from 1.40% to 1.90% for the 2019 Revolver and 1.35% to 1.90% for the 2019 Term Loans. Base Rate means the higher of: (a) the Agent’s prime commercial rate, (b) the sum of (i) the average rate quoted by the Agent by two or more federal funds brokers selected by the Agent for sale to the Agent at face value of federal funds in the secondary market in an amount equal or comparable to the principal amount for which such rate is being determined, plus (ii) 1/2 of 1.00%, and (c) the LIBOR rate for such day plus 1.00%. Adjusted LIBOR means LIBOR divided by one minus the Eurodollar Reserve Percentage. The Eurodollar Reserve Percentage means the maximum reserve percentage at which reserves are imposed by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on eurocurrency liabilities. Pursuant to the 2019 Facility, in the event of certain circumstances that result in the unavailability of LIBOR, including but not limited to LIBOR no longer being a widely recognized benchmark rate for newly originated dollar loans in the U.S. market, the Operating Partnership and the Agent will establish an alternate interest rate to LIBOR giving due consideration to prevailing market conventions and will amend the 2019 Facility to give effect to such alternate interest rate.

The 2019 Facility includes an accordion feature that will allow the Operating Partnership to increase the borrowing capacity by $200.0 million, upon the satisfaction of certain conditions. As of December 31, 2019, $374.5 million was drawn on the 2019 Facility and our unused borrowing capacity was $140.5 million, assuming that we use the proceeds of the 2019 Facility to acquire properties, or to repay debt on properties, that are eligible to be included in the unsecured borrowing base. The Company used $446.2 million of proceeds from the 2019 Facility to repay amounts outstanding under the 2018 Facility and intends to use the remaining proceeds from the 2019 Facility for general corporate purposes, including property acquisitions, debt repayment, capital expenditures, the expansion, redevelopment and re-tenanting of properties in its portfolio and working capital.

The Company, each direct and indirect material subsidiary of the Operating Partnership and any other subsidiary of the Operating Partnership that is a guarantor under any unsecured ratable debt will serve as a guarantor for funds borrowed by the Operating Partnership under the 2019 Facility. The 2019 Facility contains customary terms and conditions, including, without limitation, customary representations and warranties and affirmative and negative covenants including, without limitation, information reporting requirements, limitations on investments, acquisitions, loans and advances, mergers, consolidations and sales, incurrence of liens, dividends and restricted payments. In addition, the 2019 Facility contains certain financial covenants including the following:


•	maximum total indebtedness to total asset value ratio of 0.60 to 1.00;


•	maximum secured debt to total asset value ratio of 0.40 to 1.00;


•	minimum EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization or extraordinary items) to fixed charges ratio of 1.50 to 1.00;


•	maximum other recourse debt to total asset value ratio of 0.15 to 1.00; and


•	maintenance of a minimum tangible net worth (adjusted for accumulated depreciation and amortization) of $372 million plus 75% of the net proceeds from additional equity offerings (as defined therein).

We serve as the guarantor for funds borrowed by the Operating Partnership under the 2019 Facility. The 2019 Facility contains customary terms and conditions, including, without limitation, affirmative and negative covenants such as information reporting requirements, maximum secured indebtedness to total asset value, minimum EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization or extraordinary items) to fixed charges, and maintenance of a minimum net worth. The 2019 Facility also contains customary events of default with customary notice and cure, including, without limitation, nonpayment, breach of covenant, misrepresentation of representations and warranties in a material respect, cross-default to other major indebtedness, change of control, bankruptcy and loss of REIT tax status.

On November 7, 2014, we, through our Operating Partnership, entered into an unsecured revolving credit facility (the “2014 Facility”) with the lenders party thereto, with BMO Capital Markets Corp., Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated and U.S. Bank, National Association, as co-lead arrangers and joint book runners, and Bank of Montreal, as administrative agent (the “Agent”). The 2014 Facility amended and restated our previous unsecured revolving credit facility. On October 30, 2015, we, through our Operating Partnership, entered into the First Amendment to the 2014 Facility (the “First Amendment”) with the guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and the Agent. We refer to the 2014 Facility, as amended by the First Amendment, as the “2018 Facility.”

Pursuant to the First Amendment, the Company made the following amendments to the 2014 Facility:


•	extended the maturity date of the $300 million unsecured revolving credit facility under the 2014 Facility (the “2018 Revolver”) to October 30, 2019 from November 7, 2018;


•	converted $100 million of outstanding borrowings under the Revolver to a new $100 million unsecured term loan under the 2014 Facility (“Term Loan 3”) with a maturity date of October 30, 2022;


•	extended the maturity date of the first $50 million unsecured term loan under the 2014 Facility (“Term Loan 1”) to October 30, 2020 from February 17, 2017; and


•	extended the maturity date of the second $50 million unsecured term loan under the 2014 Facility (“Term Loan 2” and together with Term Loan 1 and Term Loan 3, the “2018 Term Loans”) to January 29, 2021 from November 7, 2019.

Borrowings under the 2018 Facility accrued interest (at the Operating Partnership's option) at a Base Rate or an Adjusted LIBOR plus an applicable margin based upon our then existing leverage. The applicable margin for Adjusted LIBOR borrowings ranged from 1.40% to 1.95% for the 2018 Revolver and 1.35% to 2.25% for the 2018 Term Loans. Base Rate means the higher of: (a) the Agent’s prime commercial rate, (b) the sum of (i) the average rate quoted by the Agent by two or more federal funds brokers selected by the Agent for sale to the Agent at face value of federal funds in the secondary market in an amount equal or comparable to the principal amount for which such rate is being determined, plus (ii) 1/2 of 1.00%, and (c) the LIBOR rate for such day plus 1.00%. Adjusted LIBOR means LIBOR divided by one minus the Eurodollar Reserve Percentage. The Eurodollar Reserve Percentage means the maximum reserve percentage at which reserves are imposed by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System on eurocurrency liabilities.

Proceeds from the 2018 Facility were used for general corporate purposes, including property acquisitions, debt repayment, capital expenditures, the expansion, redevelopment and re-tenanting of properties in our portfolio and working capital.

On May 26, 2017, we, through our subsidiary, Whitestone BLVD Place LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, issued a $80.0 million promissory note to American General Life Insurance Company (the “BLVD Note”). The BLVD Note has a fixed interest rate of 3.72% and a maturity date of June 1, 2027. Proceeds from the BLVD Note were used to fund a portion of the purchase price of the acquisition of BLVD Place (See Note 4 to our accompanying consolidated financial statements).

On December 8, 2016, in connection with the Contribution, the Operating Partnership entered into the Second Amendment to the 2018 Facility and Reaffirmation of Guaranties (the “Second Amendment”) with Pillarstone OP, the Company and the other Guarantors party thereto, the lenders party thereto and the Agent. Pursuant to the Second Amendment, following the Contribution, Whitestone Offices, LLC and Whitestone CP Woodland Ph. 2, LLC were permitted to remain Material Subsidiaries (as defined in the 2018 Facility) and Guarantors under the 2018 Facility and their respective Pillarstone Properties were each permitted to remain an Eligible Property (as defined in the 2018 Facility) and be included in the Borrowing Base (as defined in the 2018 Facility) under the 2018 Facility. In addition, on December 8, 2016, Pillarstone OP entered into the Limited Guarantee (the “Limited Guarantee”) with the Agent, pursuant to which Pillarstone OP agreed to be joined as a party to the 2018 Facility to provide a limited guarantee up to the amount of availability generated by the Pillarstone Properties owned by Whitestone Offices, LLC and Whitestone CP Woodland Ph. 2, LLC.

As of December 31, 2019, our $171.4 million in secured debt was collateralized by eight properties with a carrying value of $270.4 million. Our loans contain restrictions that would require the payment of prepayment penalties for the acceleration of outstanding debt and are secured by deeds of trust on certain of our properties and by assignment of the rents and leases associated with those properties. In 2018, we were not in compliance with respect to the tangible Net Worth covenant as defined in the 2018 Facility and had received two waivers in 2018. Had we been unable to obtain a waiver or other suitable relief from the lenders under the 2018 Facility, an Event of Default (as defined in the 2018 Facility) would have occurred, permitting the lenders holding a majority of the commitments under the 2018 Facility to, among other things, accelerate the outstanding indebtedness, which would make it immediately due and payable. The 2019 Facility and the Notes contain similar tangible Net Worth covenants that reset at a new threshold and change the definition of Net Worth to add back accumulated depreciation. However, we can make no assurances that we will be in compliance with these covenants or other covenants under the 2019 Facility or the Notes in future periods or, if we are not in compliance, that we will be able to obtain a waiver. As of December 31, 2019, we were in compliance with all loan covenants.

Scheduled maturities of our outstanding debt as of December 31, 2019 were as follows (in thousands):



	Amount Due
Year	(in thousands)

2020	$	10,951
2021	1,611
2022	101,683
2023	137,363
2024	228,573
Thereafter	165,715
Total	$	645,896

Capital Expenditures

We continually evaluate our properties’ performance and value. We may determine it is in our shareholders’ best interest to invest capital in properties we believe have potential for increasing value. We also may have unexpected capital expenditures or improvements for our existing assets. Additionally, we intend to continue investing in similar properties outside of Texas and Arizona in cities with exceptional demographics to diversify market risk, and we may incur significant capital expenditures or make improvements in connection with any properties we may acquire.

Contractual Obligations

As of December 31, 2019, we had the following contractual obligations (see Note 9 of our accompanying consolidated financial statements for further discussion regarding the specific terms of our debt):



			Payment due by period (in thousands)
Consolidated Contractual Obligations	Total		Less than 1 year (2020)		1 - 3 years (2021 - 2022)		3 - 5 years (2023 - 2024)		More than 5 years (after 2024)
Long-Term Debt - Principal	$	645,896	$	10,951	$	103,294	$	365,936	$	165,715
Long-Term Debt - Fixed Interest	107,674		21,742		41,975		26,746		17,211
Long-Term Debt - Variable Interest ⁽¹⁾	13,633		4,544		9,089		—		—
Unsecured Credit Facility - Unused commitment fee ⁽²⁾	1,077		351		702		24		—
Operating Lease Obligations	212		126		82		4		—
Related Party Rent Lease Obligations	1,170		790		380		—		—
Total	$	769,662	$	38,504	$	155,522	$	392,710	$	182,926

⁽¹⁾

As of December 31, 2019, we had one loan totaling $109.5 million which bore interest at a floating rate. The variable interest rate payments are based on LIBOR plus 1.40% to LIBOR plus 1.90%, which reflects our new interest rates under our 2019 Facility. The information in the table above reflects our projected interest rate obligations for the floating rate payments based on one-month LIBOR as of December 31, 2019, of 1.76%.

⁽²⁾

The unused commitment fees on our unsecured credit facility, payable quarterly, are based on the average daily unused amount of our unsecured credit facility. The fees are 0.20% for facility usage greater than 50% or 0.25% for facility usage less than 50%. The information in the table above reflects our projected obligations for our unsecured credit facility based on our December 31, 2019 balance of $374.5 million.

Distributions

U.S. federal income tax law generally requires that a REIT distribute annually to its shareholders at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and that it pay tax at regular corporate rates on any taxable income that it does not distribute. We currently, and intend to continue to, accrue distributions quarterly and make distributions in three monthly installments following the end of each quarter. For a discussion of our cash flow as compared to dividends, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

The timing and frequency of our distributions are authorized and declared by our board of trustees in exercise of its business judgment based upon a number of factors, including:


•	our funds from operations;


•	our debt service requirements;


•	our capital expenditure requirements for our properties;


•	our taxable income, combined with the annual distribution requirements necessary to maintain REIT qualification;


•	requirements of Maryland law;


•	our overall financial condition; and


•	other factors deemed relevant by our board of trustees.

Any distributions we make will be at the discretion of our board of trustees and we cannot provide assurance that our distributions will be made or sustained in the future.

During 2019, we paid distributions to our common shareholders and OP unit holders of $46.7 million, compared to $46.1 million in 2018. Common shareholders and OP unit holders receive monthly distributions. Payments of distributions are declared quarterly and paid monthly. The distributions paid to common shareholders and OP unit holders were as follows (in thousands, except per share data) for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:



	Common Shares				Noncontrolling OP Unit Holders				Total
Quarter Paid	Distributions Per Common Share		Total Amount Paid		Distributions Per OP Unit		Total Amount Paid		Total Amount Paid
2019
Fourth Quarter	$	0.2850	$	11,580	$	0.2850	$	262	$	11,842
Third Quarter	0.2850		11,430		0.2850		264		11,694
Second Quarter	0.2850		11,316		0.2850		265		11,581
First Quarter	0.2850		11,301		0.2850		264		11,565
Total	$	1.1400	$	45,627	$	1.1400	$	1,055	$	46,682

2018
Fourth Quarter	$	0.2850	$	11,302	$	0.2850	$	265	$	11,567
Third Quarter	0.2850		11,294		0.2850		286		11,580
Second Quarter	0.2850		11,203		0.2850		295		11,498
First Quarter	0.2850		11,145		0.2850		309		11,454
Total	$	1.1400	$	44,944	$	1.1400	$	1,155	$	46,099

Results of Operations

Year Ended December 31, 2019 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2018

The following table provides a general comparison of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 (dollars in thousands, except per share data):



	Year ended December 31,
	2019			2018
Number of properties owned and operated	58			57
Aggregate GLA (sq. ft.)⁽¹⁾	4,848,652			4,841,660
Ending occupancy rate - operating portfolio⁽¹⁾	90		%	90		%
Ending occupancy rate	90		%	90		%

Total revenues	$	119,251		$	119,863
Total operating expenses	85,305			86,391
Total other expense	24,988			19,575
Income from operations before equity investments in real estate partnerships and income tax	8,958			13,897
Equity in earnings of real estate partnership	15,076			8,431
Provision for income taxes	(400		)	(347		)
Income from continuing operations	23,634			21,981
Income from discontinued operations	594			—
Net income	24,228			21,981
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	545			550
Net income attributable to Whitestone REIT	$	23,683		$	21,431

Funds from operations⁽²⁾	$	38,026		$	39,398
Funds from operations core⁽³⁾	44,935			48,778
Property net operating income⁽⁴⁾	88,578			89,949
Distributions paid on common shares and OP units	46,682			46,099
Distributions per common share and OP unit	$	1.1400		$	1.1400


⁽¹⁾	Excludes (i) new acquisitions, through the earlier of attainment of 90% occupancy or 18 months of ownership, and (ii) properties that are undergoing significant redevelopment or re-tenanting.


⁽²⁾	For an explanation and reconciliation of funds from operations and funds from operations core to net income, see “Funds From Operations” below.


⁽³⁾	For a reconciliation of funds from operations core to net income, see “FFO Core” below.


⁽⁴⁾	For an explanation and reconciliation of property net operating income to net income, see “Property Net Operating Income” below.

We define “Same Stores” as properties that have been owned for the entire period being compared. For purposes of comparing the the year ended December 31, 2019 to the the year ended December 31, 2018, Same Stores include properties owned during the entire period from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019. We define “Non-Same Stores” as properties acquired since the beginning of the period being compared and properties that have been sold, but not classified as discontinued operations.

Revenues. The primary components of revenue are detailed in the table below (in thousands, except percentages):



	Year Ended December 31,
Revenue	2019			2018		Change			% Change
Same Store
Rental revenues ⁽¹⁾	$	86,555		$	86,046	$	509		1	%
Recoveries⁽²⁾	31,670			30,588		1,082			4	%
Bad debt⁽³⁾	(1,461		)	—		(1,461		)	Not meaningful
Total rental	116,764			116,634		130			0	%
Other revenues ⁽⁴⁾	1,286			1,387		(101		)	(7	)%
Same Store Total	118,050			118,021		29			0	%

Non-Same Store and Management Fees
Rental revenues	196			598		(402		)	(67	)%
Recoveries	77			232		(155		)	(67	)%
Bad debt	(23		)	—		(23		)	Not meaningful
Total rental ⁽⁵⁾	250			830		(580		)	(70	)%
Other revenues	96			4		92			Not meaningful
Management fees ⁽⁶⁾	855			1,008		(153		)	(15	)%
Non-Same Store and Management Fees Total	1,201			1,842		(641		)	(35	)%

Total revenue	$	119,251		$	119,863	$	(612	)	(1	)%


⁽¹⁾	The Same Store tenant rent increase of $509,000 resulted from a decrease of $324,000 from the decrease in the average leased square feet to 4,382,812 from 4,399,134, offset by increase of $833,000 from the average rent per leased square foot increasing from $19.56 to $19.75.


⁽²⁾	The Same Store recoveries revenue increase of $1,082,000 is primarily attributable to increases in Same Store real estate taxes and property maintenance costs.

⁽³⁾

Same Store bad debt of $1,461,000 is included as a reduction of revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019. Prior to our adoption of Topic 842 in 2019, we recognized bad debt in total operating expenses. For the year ended December 31, 2018, the Same Store bad debt expense recognized in total operating expenses was $1,466,000. No bad debt expense is recognized in total operating expenses for 2019.


⁽⁴⁾	The decrease in Same Store other revenues is primarily comprised of decreased lease termination fees.

⁽⁵⁾

Non-Same Store total rental revenue for the year ended December 31, 2019 was primarily generated from our acquisition of the Las Colinas Village property on December 6, 2019. Non-Same Store total rental revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018 was generated from the Torrey Square and Bellnott Square properties prior to their sales during 2018. Please refer to Note 4 (Real Estate) to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for more information regarding the property acquisitions and property sales.


⁽⁶⁾	On December 27, 2018, Pillarstone OP, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary, Whitestone Industrial-Office, LLC, sold a portfolio of three properties. The decrease in management fees is primarily due to less properties under management.

Operating expenses. The primary components of operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are detailed in the table below (in thousands, except percentages):



	Year Ended December 31,
Operating Expenses	2019		2018		Change			% Change
Same Store
Operating and maintenance, excluding bad debt	$	19,655	$	18,672	$	983		5	%
Bad debt ⁽¹⁾	—		1,466		(1,466		)	(100	)%
Real estate taxes	16,245		16,146		99			1	%
Same Store total	35,900		36,284		(384		)	(1	)%

Non-Same Store and affiliated company rents
Operating and maintenance	143		131		12			9	%
Real estate taxes ⁽²⁾	48		216		(168		)	(78	)%
Affiliated company rents ⁽³⁾	813		800		13			2	%
Non-Same Store and affiliated company rents total	1,004		1,147		(143		)	(12	)%

Depreciation and amortization	26,740		25,679		1,061			4	%

General and administrative ⁽⁴⁾	21,661		23,281		(1,620		)	(7	)%

Total operating expenses	$	85,305	$	86,391	$	(1,086	)	(1	)%

⁽¹⁾

Prior to our adoption of Topic 842 in 2019, we recorded an allowance for bad debt as a component of operating and maintenance expense. Subsequent to the adoption of Topic 842, we included the impact of tenant allowances as a reduction of revenue. Bad debt expense was $1,466,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, and for the year ended December 31, 2019, we recorded a $1,461,000 reduction to Same Store revenue for tenant rent allowances.

⁽²⁾

Non-Same Store real estate tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 resulted from our acquisition of our Las Colinas Village property on December 6, 2019. Non-Same Store real estate tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2018 was incurred from the Torrey Square and Bellnott Square properties prior to their sales during 2018. Please refer to Note 4 (Real Estate) to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for more information regarding the property acquisitions and property sales.


⁽³⁾	Affiliated company rents are spaces that we lease from Pillarstone OP.

⁽⁴⁾

The general and administrative expense decrease was attributable to a $2,534,000 reduction in professional fees and other expenses incurred in connection with our 2018 Annual Meeting of Shareholders and a $275,000 decrease in share-based compensation expense, offset by increases of $812,000 in legal fees, $171,000 of salaries and benefits, net of allocated costs, and $206,000 in other general and administrative expenses. Please refer to Note 17 (Commitments and Contingencies) and Note 15 (Incentive Share Plan) to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for more information regarding legal fees and share-based compensation expense.

Other expenses (income). The primary components of other expenses (income) for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 are detailed in the table below (in thousands, except percentages):



	Year Ended December 31,
Other Expenses (Income)	2019			2018			Change		% Change

Interest expense⁽¹⁾	$	26,285		$	25,177		$	1,108	4	%
Gain on sale of properties ⁽²⁾	(853		)	(4,629		)	3,776		(82	)%
Loss on sale or disposal of assets	215			82			133		162	%
Interest, dividend and other investment income ⁽³⁾	(659		)	(1,055		)	396		(38	)%
Total other expense	$	24,988		$	19,575		$	5,413	28	%

⁽¹⁾

The $1,108,000 increase in interest expense is attributable to an increase in our effective interest rate to 4.02% for the year ended December 31, 2019 as compared to 3.89% for the year ended December 31, 2018, resulting in a $844,000 increase in interest expense, and an increase in our average outstanding notes payable balance of $6,733,000 that resulted in $262,000 in increased interest expense. Amortization of loan fees increased interest expense by $2,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2018.

⁽²⁾

During the year ended December 31, 2019, we received an $0.8 million principal payment in connection with the sale of two retail buildings we completed on November 29, 2016. In 2016, we provided seller-financing for the retail buildings, Webster Pointe and Centre South, and deferred a $1.7 million gain until principal payments on the seller-financed loan are received. The purchaser of the retail buildings sold the Webster Pointe property on November 15, 2019 and paid the entire principal balance of the loan related to Webster Pointe. As of December 31, 2019, we had a total of $2.7 million in deferred gains for seller-financed loans to be recognized upon receipt of principal payments. The $2.7 million in deferred gains includes amounts from the sale for Centre South discussed above and amounts from the sales of Royal Crest and Featherwood discussed below.

On September 24, 2018, we completed the sale of Torrey Square, located in Houston, Texas, for $8.7 million. We recorded a gain on sale of $4.4 million. On February 27, 2018, we completed the sale of Bellnott Square, located in Houston, Texas, for $4.7 million. We recorded a gain on sale of $0.3 million. We have not included Bellnott Square or Torrey Square in discontinued operations as neither property sale meets the definition of discontinued operations. Please refer to Note 4 (Real Estate) to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for more information regarding the property sales.


⁽³⁾	The $396,000 decrease in interest, dividend and other investment income was primarily comprised of a $411,000 decrease in interest income from our financed receivable from Pillarstone OP. As of December 31, 2019, the balance of the financed receivable from Pillarstone OP was paid off, and we do not expect to receive any interest income from financed receivables with Pillarstone OP in 2020.

Equity in earnings of real estate partnership. Our equity in earnings of real estate partnership, which is generated from our 81.4% ownership of Pillarstone OP, increased $6,645,000 from $8,431,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018 to $15,076,000 for the year ended December 31, 2019. Please refer to Note 5 (Investment in Real Estate Partnership) to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for more information regarding our investment in Pillarstone OP.

Gain on sale of property from discontinued operations. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we received a $0.7 million principal payment in connection with the sale of three office buildings we completed on December 31, 2014. In 2014, we provided seller-financing for the office buildings, Zeta, Royal Crest and Featherwood, and deferred a $2.5 million gain until principal payments on the seller-financed loan are received. The purchaser of the office buildings sold Zeta on April 24, 2019 and paid the entire principal balance of the loan related to Zeta. As of December 31, 2019, we had a total of $2.7 million in deferred gains for seller-financed loans to be recognized upon receipt of principal payments. The $2.7 million in deferred gains includes amounts from the sale for Royal Crest and Featherwood discussed above and amounts from the sale of Centre South that was completed in November 2016.

Same Store net operating income. The components of Same Store net operating income is detailed in the table below (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,						Increase			% Increase
	2019			2018			(Decrease)			(Decrease)
Same Store (51 properties, excluding development land)
Property revenues
Rental	$	116,764		$	116,634		$	130		—	%
Management, transaction and other fees	1,286			1,387			(101		)	(7	)%
Total property revenues	118,050			118,021			29			—	%

Property expenses
Property operation and maintenance	19,655			20,138			(483		)	(2	)%
Real estate taxes	16,245			16,146			99			1	%
Total property expenses	35,900			36,284			(384		)	(1	)%

Total property revenues less total property expenses	82,150			81,737			413			1	%

Same Store straight line rent adjustments	(1,110		)	(2,125		)	1,015			(48	)%
Same Store amortization of above/below market rents	(761		)	(1,018		)	257			(25	)%
Same Store lease termination fees	(576		)	(729		)	153			(21	)%

Same Store NOI⁽¹⁾	$	79,703		$	77,865		$	1,838		2	%


⁽¹⁾	See below for a reconciliation of property net operating income to net income.



	Year Ended December 31,
PROPERTY NET OPERATING INCOME (“NOI”)	2019			2018
Net income attributable to Whitestone REIT	$	23,683		$	21,431
General and administrative expenses	21,661			23,281
Depreciation and amortization	26,740			25,679
Equity in earnings of real estate partnership	(15,076		)	(8,431		)
Interest expense	26,285			25,177
Interest, dividend and other investment income	(659		)	(1,055		)
Provision for income taxes	400			347
Gain on sale of assets and properties of continuing operations, net	(853		)	(4,629		)
Gain on sale of assets and properties of discontinued operations, net	(594		)	—
Management fee, net of related expenses	(42		)	(208		)
Loss on disposal of assets and properties of continuing operations, net	215			82
NOI of real estate partnership (pro rata)	6,273			7,725
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	545			550
NOI	$	88,578		$	89,949
Non-Same Store NOI ⁽¹⁾	(155		)	(487		)
NOI of real estate partnership (pro rata)	(6,273		)	(7,725		)
NOI less Non-Same Store NOI and NOI of real estate partnership (pro rata)	82,150			81,737
Same Store straight line rent adjustments	(1,110		)	(2,125		)
Same Store amortization of above/below market rents	(761		)	(1,018		)
Same Store lease termination fees	(576		)	(729		)
Same Store NOI⁽²⁾	$	79,703		$	77,865

⁽¹⁾

We define “Non-Same Stores” as properties that have been acquired since the beginning of the period being compared and properties that have been sold, but not classified as discontinued operations. For purposes of comparing the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 to the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, Non-Same Stores include properties acquired between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2019 and properties sold between January 1, 2018 and December 31, 2019, but not included in discontinued operations.

⁽²⁾

We define “Same Stores” as properties that have been owned during the entire period being compared. For purposes of comparing the twelve months ended December 31, 2019 to the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, Same Stores include properties owned before January 1, 2018 and not sold before December 31, 2019. Straight line rent adjustments, above/below market rents, and lease termination fees are excluded.

Year Ended December 31, 2018 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2017

The following table provides a general comparison of our results of operations for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 (dollars in thousands, except per share data):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018			2017
Number of properties owned and operated	57			59
Aggregate GLA (sq. ft.)⁽¹⁾	4,841,660			5,023,215
Ending occupancy rate - operating portfolio⁽¹⁾	90		%	91		%
Ending occupancy rate	90		%	90		%

Total revenues	$	119,863		$	125,959
Total operating expenses	86,391			93,299
Total other expense	19,575			23,408
Income before equity investments in real estate partnerships, income tax, and profit sharing expense	13,897			9,252
Equity in earnings of real estate partnership	8,431			—
Provision for income taxes	(347		)	(386		)
Profit sharing expense	—			(278		)
Net income	21,981			8,588
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	550			254
Net income attributable to Whitestone REIT	$	21,431		$	8,334

Funds from operations⁽²⁾	$	39,398		$	35,045
Funds from operations core⁽³⁾	48,778			47,096
Property net operating income ⁽⁴⁾	89,949			83,849
Distributions paid on common shares and OP units	46,099			41,713
Distributions per common share and OP unit	$	1.1400		$	1.1400


⁽¹⁾	Excludes (i) new acquisitions, through the earlier of attainment of 90% occupancy or 18 months of ownership, and (ii) properties that are undergoing significant redevelopment or re-tenanting.


⁽²⁾	For an explanation and reconciliation of funds from operations and funds from operations core to net income, see “Funds From Operations” below.


⁽³⁾	For a reconciliation of funds from operations core to net income, see “FFO Core” below.


⁽⁴⁾	For an explanation and reconciliation of property net operating income to net income, see “Property Net Operating Income” below.

Property revenues. We had rental income and tenant reimbursements of approximately $119,863,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to $125,959,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $6,096,000, or 5%. The year ended December 31, 2018 included $6,486,000 in increased revenues from Non-Same Store operations and $15,441,000 in decreased revenues from the derecognition of Pillarstone Properties as a result of the adoption of Topic 606 and ASC 610. We define “Non-Same Stores” as properties acquired since the beginning of the period being compared and properties that have been sold, but not classified as discontinued operations. During the twelve months ended December 31, 2018, Same Store revenues increased $2,859,000. We define “Same Stores” as properties owned during the entire period being compared. For purposes of comparing the year ended December 31, 2018 to the year ended December 31, 2017, Same Stores include properties owned from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018. Same Store average occupied square feet increased from 3,959,354 for the year ended December 31, 2017 to 3,967,881 for the year ended December 31, 2018, increasing Same Store revenue by $201,000. Same Store revenue rate per average leased square foot increased $0.67 for the year ended December 31, 2018 to $25.10 per average leased square foot as compared to the year ended December 31, 2017 revenue rate per average leased square foot of $24.43, increasing Same Store revenue by $2,658,480. The revenue rate per average leased square feet is calculated by dividing the total revenue by the average square feet leased during the period.

Depreciation and amortization. Depreciation and amortization decreased $1,561,000, or 6%, for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to 2017. Non-Same Store depreciation increased $1,166,000. Same Store depreciation increased $1,142,000. The increase in Same Store depreciation is attributable to redevelopment and re-tenanting investments. Depreciation for Pillarstone OP properties decreased by $3,933,000 from the derecognition of Pillarstone Properties as a result of the adoption of Topic 606 and ASC 610. Depreciation on corporate assets and amortization of commission costs increased $64,000.

Operating and maintenance and real estate taxes. Our operating and maintenance and real estate tax expenses were $37,431,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $42,110,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $4,679,000, or 11%. Operating and maintenance and real estate tax expenses for the year ended December 31, 2018 included Same Store and Non-Same Store amounts of $30,794,000 and $6,637,000, respectively. Operating and maintenance and real estate tax expenses for the year ended December 31, 2017 included Same Store and Non-Same Store amounts of $30,833,000 and $4,102,000, respectively. The primary components of total operating and maintenance and real estate tax expenses, Same Store operating and maintenance and real estate tax expenses and Non-Same Store operating and maintenance and real estate tax expenses are detailed in the tables below (in thousands):



Overall Operating Maintenance and Real Estate	Year Ended December 31,				Increase			% Increase
Tax Expenses	2018		2017		(Decrease)			(Decrease)
Real estate taxes	$	16,362	$	17,897	$	(1,535	)	(9	)%
Utilities	4,470		5,514		(1,044		)	(19	)%
Contract services	7,017		7,186		(169		)	(2	)%
Repairs and maintenance	3,900		5,052		(1,152		)	(23	)%
Bad debt	1,391		2,356		(965		)	(41	)%
Labor and other	4,291		4,105		186			5	%
Total	$	37,431	$	42,110	$	(4,679	)	(11	)%



Same Store Operating Maintenance and Real	Year Ended December 31,				Increase			% Increase
Estate Tax Expenses	2018		2017		(Decrease)			(Decrease)
Real estate taxes	$	13,253	$	13,032	$	221		2	%
Utilities	3,816		3,935		(119		)	(3	)%
Contract services	5,602		5,278		324			6	%
Repairs and maintenance	3,571		3,830		(259		)	(7	)%
Bad debt	1,361		1,867		(506		)	(27	)%
Labor and other	3,191		2,891		300			10	%
Total	$	30,794	$	30,833	$	(39	)	—	%



Non-Same Store Operating Maintenance and Real	Year Ended December 31,				Increase			% Increase
Estate Tax Expenses	2018		2017		(Decrease)			(Decrease)
Real estate taxes	$	3,109	$	2,273	$	836		37	%
Utilities	654		417		237			57	%
Contract services	1,415		764		651			85	%
Repairs and maintenance	329		309		20			6	%
Bad debt	30		100		(70		)	(70	)%
Labor and other	1,100		239		861			360	%
Total	$	6,637	$	4,102	$	2,535		62	%

Real estate taxes. Real estate taxes decreased $1,535,000, or 9%, during the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to 2017. The $1,535,000 decrease was comprised of increases of $836,000 in Non-Same Store expense, $221,000 in Same Store expense and offset by decrease of $2,592,000 from the derecognition of Pillarstone Properties as a result of the adoption of Topic 606 and ASC 610. We actively work to keep our valuations and resulting taxes low because a majority of these taxes are charged to our tenants through triple net leases, and we strive to keep these charges to our tenants as low as possible.

Utilities. Utilities decreased $1,044,000, or 19%, during the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to 2017. The $1,044,000 decrease was comprised of increases of $237,000 in Non-Same Store expense and offset by decreases of $119,000 in our Same Store properties and $1,162,000 from the derecognition of Pillarstone Properties as a result of the adoption of Topic 606 and ASC 610.

Contract services. Contract services decreased $169,000, or 2%, during the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to 2017. The $169,000 decrease was comprised of increases of $324,000 in Same Store expense and $651,000 in Non-Same Store expense, offset by a decrease of $1,144,000 from the derecognition of Pillarstone Properties as a result of the adoption of Topic 606 and ASC 610.

Repairs and maintenance. Repairs and maintenance decreased $1,152,000, or 23%, during the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to 2017. The $1,152,000 decrease was comprised of decreases of $259,000 in Same Store expense and $913,000 from the derecognition of Pillarstone Properties as a result of the adoption of Topic 606 and ASC 610, partially offset by an increase of $20,000 in our Non-Same Store properties.

Bad debt. Bad debt for the year ended December 31, 2018 decreased $965,000, or 41%, as compared to 2017. The $965,000 decrease was comprised of decreases of $506,000 in Same Store expense, $70,000 in our Non-Same Store properties, and $389,000 from the derecognition of Pillarstone Properties as a result of the adoption of Topic 606 and ASC 610.

Labor and other. Labor and other expenses increased $186,000, or 5%, for year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to 2017. The $186,000 increase was comprised of increases of $861,000 in Non-Same Store expense and $300,000 in Same Store expense, offset by a decrease of $975,000 from the derecognition of Pillarstone Properties as a result of the adoption of Topic 606 and ASC 610.

General and administrative. General and administrative expenses decreased approximately $668,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to 2017. The decrease in general and administrative expenses included decreased share-based compensation expense costs of $3,668,000, decreased acquisition costs of $832,000, and decreased other expenses of $407,000, offset by increased professional fees primarily resulting from a proxy contest at our 2018 annual meeting of shareholders of $2,099,000, increased salaries and benefits, net of allocated costs of $2,080,000, and increased marketing costs of $60,000

Other expenses. Our other expenses were $19,575,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018, as compared to $23,408,000 for the year ended December 31, 2017, a decrease of $3,833,000, or 16%. The primary components of other expenses, net are detailed in the table below (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,							Increase			% Increase
	2018			2017				(Decrease)			(Decrease)
Interest expense	$	25,177		$	23,651			$	1,526		6	%
Gain on sale of properties	(4,629		)	(16		)		(4,613		)	Not Meaningful
Loss on sale or disposal of assets	82			183				(101		)	(55	)%
Interest, dividend and other investment income	(1,055		)	(410		)		(645		)	157	%
Total other expenses	$	19,575		$	23,408		—	$	(3,833	)	(16	)%

Interest expense. Interest expense increased $1,526,000, or 6%, for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to 2017 from the derecognition of Pillarstone Properties as a result of the adoption of Topic 606 and ASC 610. A decrease in our average outstanding notes payable balance of $262,000 accounted for $9,000 in decreased interest expense, and an increase in our effective interest rate to 3.89% for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to 3.62% for the year ended December 31, 2017, resulting in a $1,726,000 increase in interest expense. Amortization of loan fees decreased interest expense by $191,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2017.

Gain on sale of properties. On September 24, 2018, we completed the sale of Torrey Square, located in Houston, Texas, for $8.7 million. We recorded a gain on sale of $4.4 million. On February 27, 2018, we completed the sale of Bellnott Square, located in Houston, Texas, for $4.7 million. We recorded a gain on sale of $0.3 million. We have not included Bellnott Square or Torrey Square in discontinued operations as neither property sales meets the definition of discontinued operations. Please refer to Note 4 (Real Estate) to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for more information regarding the property sales.

Interest, dividend and other investment income. Interest, dividend and other investment income increased $645,000, or 157%, for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to 2017. During the year ended December 31, 2018, our interest income decreased $69,000, interest from real estate partnership increased $583,000, amortization of guaranty of real estate partnership income increased $72,000, our gain on sales of investments in available-for-sale securities increased $71,000 and our dividend income decreased $12,000 as compared to the amounts realized during the year ended December 31, 2017.

Equity in earnings of real estate partnership. Equity in earnings of real estate partnership increased $8,431,000 for the year ended December 31, 2018 as compared to 2017 from the derecognition of Pillarstone Properties as a result of the adoption of Topic 606 and ASC 610.

Same Store net operating income. The components of Same Store net operating income is detailed in the table below (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,						Increase			% Increase
	2018			2017			(Decrease)			(Decrease)
Same Store (49 properties excluding development land)
Property revenues
Rental revenues	$	72,454		$	71,987		$	467		1	%
Other revenues	26,130			24,746			$	1,384		6	%
Total property revenues	98,584			96,733			1,851			2	%

Property expenses
Property operation and maintenance	16,741			17,801			(1,060		)	(6	)%
Real estate taxes	13,253			13,032			221			2	%
Total property expenses	29,994			30,833			(839		)	(3	)%

Total property revenues less total property expenses	68,590			65,900			2,690			4	%

Same Store straight line rent adjustments	(1,168		)	(2,264		)	1,096			(48	)%
Same Store amortization of above/below market rents	(172		)	(365		)	193			(53	)%
Same Store lease termination fees	(595		)	(537		)	(58		)	11	%

Same Store NOI⁽¹⁾	$	66,655		$	62,734		$	3,921		6	%


⁽¹⁾	See below for a reconciliation of property net operating income to net income.



	Year Ended December 31,
PROPERTY NET OPERATING INCOME (“NOI”)	2018			2017
Net income attributable to Whitestone REIT	$	21,431		$	8,334
General and administrative expenses	23,281			23,949
Depreciation and amortization	25,679			27,240
Equity in earnings of real estate partnership	(8,431		)	—
Interest expense	25,177			23,651
Interest, dividend and other investment income	(1,055		)	(410		)
Provision for income taxes	347			386
Gain on sale of assets and properties of continuing operations, net	(4,629		)	(16		)
Management fee, net of related expenses	(208		)	—
Profit sharing expense	—			278
Loss on disposal of assets and properties of continuing operations, net	82			183
NOI of real estate partnership (pro rata)	7,725			—
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	550			254
NOI	$	89,949		$	83,849
Non-Same Store NOI ⁽¹⁾	(13,634		)	(9,683		)
Pillarstone OP properties NOI	—			(8,266		)
NOI of real estate partnership (pro rata)	(7,725		)	—
NOI less Non-Same Store NOI and NOI of real estate partnership (pro rata)	68,590			65,900
Same Store straight line rent adjustments	(1,168		)	(2,264		)
Same Store amortization of above/below market rents	(172		)	(365		)
Same Store lease termination fees	(595		)	(537		)
Same Store NOI⁽²⁾	$	66,655		$	62,734

⁽¹⁾

We define “Non-Same Stores” as properties that have been acquired since the beginning of the period being compared and properties that have been sold, but not classified as discontinued operations. For purposes of comparing the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 to the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, Non-Same Stores include properties acquired between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018 and properties sold between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018, but not included in discontinued operations.

⁽²⁾

We define “Same Stores” as properties that have been owned during the entire period being compared. For purposes of comparing the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 to the twelve months ended December 31, 2017, Same Stores include properties owned before January 1, 2017 and not sold before December 31, 2018. Straight line rent adjustments, above/below market rents, and lease termination fees are excluded.

Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

Funds From Operations (NAREIT) (“FFO”)

The National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”) defines FFO as net income (loss) available to common shareholders computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding depreciation and amortization related to real estate, gains or losses from the sale of certain real estate assets, gains and losses from change in control, and impairment write-downs of certain real estate assets and investments in entities when the impairment is directly attributable to decreases in the value of depreciable real estate held by the entity. We calculate FFO in a manner consistent with the NAREIT definition and also include adjustments for our unconsolidated real estate partnership.

Management uses FFO as a supplemental measure to conduct and evaluate our business because there are certain limitations associated with using GAAP net income (loss) alone as the primary measure of our operating performance.

Historical cost accounting for real estate assets in accordance with GAAP implicitly assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Because real estate values instead have historically risen or fallen with market conditions, management believes that the presentation of operating results for real estate companies that use historical cost accounting is insufficient by itself. In addition, securities analysts, investors and other interested parties use FFO as the primary metric for comparing the relative performance of equity REITs.

FFO should not be considered as an alternative to net income or other measurements under GAAP, as an indicator of our operating performance or to cash flows from operating, investing or financing activities as a measure of liquidity. FFO does not reflect working capital changes, cash expenditures for capital improvements or principal payments on indebtedness. Although our calculation of FFO is consistent with that of NAREIT, there can be no assurance that FFO presented by us is comparable to similarly titled measures of other REITs.

Funds From Operations Core (“FFO Core”)

Management believes that the computation of FFO in accordance with NAREIT’s definition includes certain items that are not indicative of the results provided by our operating portfolio and affect the comparability of our period-over-period performance. These items include, but are not limited to, legal settlements, proxy contest fees, debt extension costs, non-cash share-based compensation expense, rent support agreement payments received from sellers on acquired assets, management fees from Pillarstone and acquisition costs. Therefore, in addition to FFO, management uses FFO Core, which we define to exclude such items. Management believes that these adjustments are appropriate in determining FFO Core as they are not indicative of the operating performance of our assets. In addition, we believe that FFO Core is a useful supplemental measure for the investing community to use in comparing us to other REITs as many REITs provide some form of adjusted or modified FFO. However, there can be no assurance that FFO Core presented by us is comparable to the adjusted or modified FFO of other REITs.

Below are the calculations of FFO and FFO Core and the reconciliations to net income, which we believe is the most comparable GAAP financial measure (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,
FFO AND FFO CORE	2019			2018			2017
Net income attributable to Whitestone REIT	$	23,683		$	21,431		$	8,334
Adjustments to reconcile to FFO:⁽¹⁾
Depreciation and amortization of real estate assets	26,468			25,401			26,290
Depreciation and amortization of real estate assets of real estate partnership (pro rata)⁽²⁾	2,362			2,903			—
Gain on disposal of assets and properties of continuing operations, net	(638		)	(4,547		)	—
Gain on sale of assets and properties of discontinued operations, net	(594		)	—			—
(Gain) loss on sale or disposal of properties or assets of real estate partnership (pro rata)⁽²⁾	(13,800		)	(6,340		)	167
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	545			550			254
FFO	$	38,026		$	39,398		$	35,045

Share-based compensation expense	$	6,483		$	6,758		$	10,426
Proxy contest professional fees	—			2,534			—
Early debt extinguishment costs of real estate partnership	426			88			—
Acquisition costs	—			—			1,625
FFO Core	$	44,935		$	48,778		$	47,096


⁽¹⁾	Includes pro-rata share attributable to real estate partnership.


⁽²⁾	Included in equity in earnings of real estate partnership on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

Property Net Operating Income (“NOI”)

Management believes that NOI is a useful measure of our property operating performance. We define NOI as operating revenues (rental and other revenues) less property and related expenses (property operation and maintenance and real estate taxes). Other REITs may use different methodologies for calculating NOI and, accordingly, our NOI may not be comparable to other REITs. Because NOI excludes general and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, involuntary conversion, interest expense, interest income, provision for income taxes, gain or loss on sale or disposition of assets, and our pro rata share of NOI of equity method investments, it provides a performance measure that, when compared year over year, reflects the revenues and expenses directly associated with owning and operating commercial real estate properties and the impact to operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates and operating costs, providing perspective not immediately apparent from net income. We use NOI to evaluate our operating performance since NOI allows us to evaluate the impact that factors such as occupancy levels, lease structure, lease rates and tenant base have on our results, margins and returns. In addition, management believes that NOI provides useful information to the investment community about our property and operating performance when compared to other REITs since NOI is generally recognized as a standard measure of property performance in the real estate industry. However, NOI should not be viewed as a measure of our overall financial performance since it does not reflect general and administrative expenses, depreciation and amortization, involuntary conversion, interest expense, interest income, provision for income taxes and gain or loss on sale or disposition of assets, the level of capital expenditures and leasing costs necessary to maintain the operating performance of our properties.

Below is the calculation of NOI and the reconciliation to net income, which we believe is the most comparable GAAP financial measure (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,
PROPERTY NET OPERATING INCOME (“NOI”)	2019			2018			2017
Net income attributable to Whitestone REIT	$	23,683		$	21,431		$	8,334
General and administrative expenses	21,661			23,281			23,949
Depreciation and amortization	26,740			25,679			27,240
Equity in earnings of real estate partnership	(15,076		)	(8,431		)	—
Interest expense	26,285			25,177			23,651
Interest, dividend and other investment income	(659		)	(1,055		)	(410		)
Provision for income taxes	400			347			386
Gain on sale of assets and properties of continuing operations, net	(853		)	(4,629		)	(16		)
Gain on sale of assets and properties of discontinued operations, net	(594		)	—			—
Management fee, net of related expenses	(42		)	(208		)	—
Profit sharing expense	—			—			278
Loss on disposal of assets and properties of continuing operations, net	215			82			183
NOI of real estate partnership (pro rata)	6,273			7,725			—
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	545			550			254
NOI	$	88,578		$	89,949		$	83,849

Taxes

We elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Code beginning with our taxable year ended December 31, 1999. As a REIT, we generally are not subject to federal income tax on income that we distribute to our shareholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. We believe that we are organized and operate in a manner to qualify and be taxed as a REIT, and we intend to operate so as to remain qualified as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.

Inflation

We anticipate that the majority of our leases will continue to be triple-net leases or otherwise provide that tenants pay for increases in operating expenses and will contain provisions that we believe will mitigate the effect of inflation. In addition, many of our leases are for terms of less than five years, which allows us to adjust rental rates to reflect inflation and other changing market conditions when the leases expire. Consequently, increases due to inflation, as well as ad valorem tax rate increases, generally do not have a significant adverse effect upon our operating results.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Guarantees We may guarantee the debt of a real estate partnership primarily because it allows the real estate partnership to obtain funding at a lower cost than could be obtained otherwise. This results in a higher return for the real estate partnership on its investment, and a higher return on our investment in the real estate partnership. We may receive a fee from the real estate partnership for providing the guarantee. Additionally, when we issue a guarantee, the terms of the real estate partnership’s partnership agreement typically provide that we may receive indemnification from the real estate partnership or have the ability to increase our ownership interest. See Note 5 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for information related to our guarantees of our real estate partnership’s debt as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.

Table of Contents

Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Our future income, cash flows and fair value relevant to our financial instruments depend upon prevailing market interest rates. Market risk refers to the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. Based upon the nature of our operations, we are not subject to foreign exchange rate or commodity price risk. The principal market risk to which we are exposed is the risk related to interest rate fluctuations. Many factors, including governmental monetary and tax policies, domestic and international economic and political considerations, and other factors that are beyond our control contribute to interest rate risk. Our interest rate risk objective is to limit the impact of interest rate fluctuations on earnings and cash flows and to lower our overall borrowing costs. To achieve this objective, we manage our exposure to fluctuations in market interest rates for our borrowings through the use of fixed rate debt instruments to the extent that reasonably favorable rates are obtainable.

All of our financial instruments were entered into for other than trading purposes.

Fixed Interest Rate Debt

As of December 31, 2019, $536.4 million, or approximately 83%, of our outstanding debt was subject to fixed interest rates, which limit the risk of fluctuating interest rates. Though a change in the market interest rates affects the fair market value, it does not impact net income to shareholders or cash flows. Our total outstanding fixed interest rate debt has an average effective interest rate as of December 31, 2019 of approximately 4.1% per annum with expirations ranging from 2020 to 2029 (see Note 9 to our accompanying consolidated financial statements for further detail). Holding other variables constant, a 1% increase or decrease in interest rates would cause a $21.6 million decline or increase, respectively, in the fair value for our fixed rate debt.

Variable Interest Rate Debt

As of December 31, 2019, $109.5 million, or approximately 17%, of our outstanding debt was subject to floating interest rates of LIBOR plus 1.40% to 1.90% and not currently subject to a hedge. The impact of a 1% increase or decrease in interest rates on our floating rate debt would result in a decrease or increase, respectively, of annual net income of approximately $1.1 million.

Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.

The information required by this Item 8 is incorporated by reference to our accompanying consolidated financial statements beginning on page F-1 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements With Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.

None.

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

In connection with the preparation of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as of December 31, 2019, an evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company's management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act. In performing this evaluation, management reviewed the selection, application and monitoring of our historical accounting policies. Based on that evaluation, the CEO and CFO concluded that as of December 31, 2019, these disclosure controls and procedures were effective and designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in our reports filed with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported on a timely basis. In designing and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. We maintain disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to provide a reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, under the supervision and with the participation of our CEO and CFO, carried out an evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of December 31, 2018. Based upon that evaluation, and in light of the material weakness in the design and operation of our internal control over financial reporting disclosed below, our CEO and CFO concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of December 31, 2018 at the reasonable assurance level referenced above. In designing and evaluating disclosure controls and procedures, management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. Management is required to apply judgment in evaluating the cost benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures.

Previously Identified Material Weakness

Our management conducted a process to assess the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2018, based on the criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, or COSO. This framework highlights that the control environment sets the tone of the organization, influences the control consciousness of its people, and is the foundation for all other components of internal control over financial reporting.

During the assessment process, we identified the following material weakness as of December 31, 2018 in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures.

•

Application of New Accounting Pronouncements, including proper assessment of judgment items in complex accounting transactions - The Company did not have effective controls to ensure the proper application of new accounting pronouncements in its financial statements. After its review of the error and its internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure controls and procedures, the Company determined that it did not appropriately weigh its legal rights in its assessment of the transfer of control criteria under Topic 606 as it pertained to the Contribution.

The material weakness described above contributed to accounting errors that required the restatement of our consolidated financial statements for the first three quarterly periods of the year ended December 31, 2018.

As a result of the material weakness described above, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2018, our internal control over financial reporting was not effective. This material weakness was remediated as of June 30, 2019.

Remediation of Material Weakness in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We completed and tested the following remediation efforts during the first and second quarters of 2019 with:

•

The formation and implementation of a disclosure review committee, including outside technical advisors, the Chief Financial Officer, accounting staff, and other members of management. The committee meets quarterly, at a minimum, to provide guidance and oversight to ensure the proper implementation of the enhanced internal controls regarding the adoption of new accounting pronouncements. The committee met twice and reviewed its work with the Audit Committee prior to filing of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2019 and met once and reviewed its work with the Audit Committee prior to the filing of the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three and six months ended June 30, 2019.


•	Enhancements to our internal controls regarding the adoption of new accounting pronouncements, including quarterly review of new accounting pronouncements with the Audit Committee and a discussion of key judgment areas.


•	Engagement of outside technical experts to assist the Company in the application and adoption of new accounting pronouncements.


•	Completion of training of accounting personnel.


•	The hiring of additional qualified accounting staff.

As a result of the implementation of the remediation efforts above and based on our evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of December 31, 2019, our principal executive and principal financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

The Company's independent registered public accounting firm has issued a report on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting, which appears on page F-3 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have been no significant changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the Company’s quarter ended December 31, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting other than the remediation of material weakness discussed above.

Item 9B. Other Information.

None.

PART III

Item 10. Trustees, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.

The information required by Item 10 of Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference to such information as set forth in the definitive proxy statement for our 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

Item 11. Executive Compensation.

The information required by Item 11 of Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference to such information as set forth in the definitive proxy statement for our 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Shareholder Matters.

The following table provides information regarding our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2019:



Plan Category	Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights			Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights		Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (a))
	(a)			(b)		(c)
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders	—	⁽¹	⁾	$	—	1,792,528	⁽²⁾

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders	—			—		—	⁽³⁾

Total	—			$	—	1,792,528


⁽¹⁾	Excludes 1,135,172 common shares subject to outstanding restricted common share units granted pursuant to our 2008 Long-Term Equity Incentive Ownership Plan, as amended (the “2008 Plan”) and 1,575,418 common shares granted pursuant to our 2018 Long-Term Equity Incentive Ownership Plan (the “2018 Plan”).

⁽²⁾

At our annual meeting of shareholders on May 11, 2017, our shareholders voted to approve the 2018 Plan. The 2018 Plan provides for the issuance of up to 3,433,831 common shares and OP units pursuant to awards under the 2018 Plan. The 2018 Plan became effective on July 30, 2018, which is the day after the 2008 Plan expired. Pursuant to the 2008 Plan, the maximum aggregate number of common shares that were issuable under the 2008 Plan was increased upon each issuance of common shares by the Company so that at any time the maximum number of shares that were issuable under the 2008 Plan equaled 12.5% of the aggregate number of common shares of the Company and OP units issued and outstanding (other than units issued to or held by the Company).


⁽³⁾	Excludes 8,333 restricted common shares issued to trustees outside the 2008 Plan.

The remaining information required by Item 12 of Form 10-K is incorporated by reference to such information as set forth in the definitive proxy statement for our 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence.

The information required by Item 13 of Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference to such information as set forth in the definitive proxy statement for our 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services.

The information required by Item 14 of Form 10-K is incorporated herein by reference to such information as set forth in the definitive proxy statement for our 2020 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

PART IV

Item 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.


1.	Financial Statements. The list of our financial statements filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is set forth on page F-1 herein.


2.	Financial Statement Schedules.


a.	Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts


b.	Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

All other financial statement schedules have been omitted because the required information of such schedules is not present, is not present in amounts sufficient to require a schedule or is included in the consolidated financial statements.


3.	Exhibits. The list of exhibits filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K in response to Item 601 of Regulation S-K is submitted on the Exhibit Index attached hereto and incorporated herein by reference.

Item 16. Form 10-K Summary.

None.



Exhibit No.	Description



3.1.1	Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Whitestone REIT (previously filed as and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on July 31, 2008)



3.1.2	Articles Supplementary (previously filed as and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3(i).1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 6, 2006)



3.1.3	Articles of Amendment (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 24, 2010)



3.1.4	Articles of Amendment (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 24, 2010)



3.1.5	Articles Supplementary (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on August 24, 2010)



3.1.6	Articles of Amendment (previously filed as and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed June 27, 2012)



3.1.7	Articles of Amendment (previously filed as and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed June 27, 2012)



3.1.8*	Articles of Amendment



3.2	Amended and Restated Bylaws of Whitestone REIT (previously filed as and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 9, 2008)



4.1*	Description of Securities Registered under Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended



10.1	Agreement of Limited Partnership of Whitestone REIT Operating Partnership, L.P. (previously filed as and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s General Form for Registration of Securities on Form 10, filed on April 30, 2003)



10.2	Certificate of Formation of Whitestone REIT Operating Partnership II GP, LLC (previously filed as and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s General Form for Registration of Securities on Form 10, filed on April 30, 2003)



10.3	Limited Liability Company Agreement of Whitestone REIT Operating Partnership II GP, LLC (previously filed as and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s General Form for Registration of Securities on Form 10, filed on April 30, 2003)



10.4	Agreement of Limited Partnership of Whitestone REIT Operating Partnership II, L.P. (previously filed as and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant’s General Form for Registration of Securities on Form 10, filed on April 30, 2003)



10.5	Amendment to the Agreement of Limited Partnership of Whitestone REIT Operating Partnership, L.P. (previously filed in and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-11, Commission File No. 333-111674, filed on December 31, 2003)



10.6	Promissory Note between HCP REIT Operating Company IV LLC and MidFirst Bank, dated March 1, 2007 (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.25 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, filed on March 30, 2007)



10.7	Term Loan Agreement among Whitestone REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., Whitestone Pima Norte LLC, Whitestone REIT Operating Partnership III LP, Hartman REIT Operating Partnership III LP LTD, Whitestone REIT Operating Partnership III GP LLC and KeyBank National Association, dated January 25, 2008 (previously filed as and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.29 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007, filed on March 31, 2008)



Exhibit No.	Description



10.8+	Whitestone REIT 2008 Long-Term Equity Incentive Ownership Plan (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed July 31, 2008)



10.9	Promissory Note among Whitestone Corporate Park West, LLC and MidFirst Bank dated August 5, 2008 (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed August 8, 2008)



10.10	Promissory Note among Whitestone Centers LLC and Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada dated October 1, 2008 (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 7, 2008)



10.11	Promissory Note among Whitestone Centers LLC and Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada dated October 1, 2008 (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 7, 2008)



10.12	Promissory Note among Whitestone Centers LLC and Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada dated October 1, 2008 (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 7, 2008)



10.13	Promissory Note among Whitestone Centers LLC and Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada dated October 1, 2008 (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.4 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 7, 2008)



10.14	Promissory Note among Whitestone Centers LLC and Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada dated October 1, 2008 (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.5 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 7, 2008)



10.15	Note among Whitestone Offices LLC and Nationwide Life Insurance Company dated October 1, 2008 (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.6 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 7, 2008)



10.16	Floating Rate Promissory Note among Whitestone Industrial-Office LLC and Jackson National Life Insurance Company dated October 3, 2008 (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed October 9, 2008)



10.17+	Form of Restricted Common Share Award Agreement (Performance Vested) (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 7, 2009)



10.18+	Form of Restricted Common Share Award Agreement (Time Vested) (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 7, 2009)



10.19+	Form of Restricted Unit Award Agreement (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed January 7, 2009)



10.20	Promissory Note among Whitestone Centers LLC and Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada dated February 3, 2009 (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 10, 2009)



10.21	Promissory Note among Whitestone Centers LLC and Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada dated February 3, 2009 (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 10, 2009)



10.22	Promissory Note among Whitestone Centers LLC and Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada dated February 3, 2009 (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 10, 2009)



Exhibit No.	Description



10.23	Promissory Note among Whitestone Centers LLC and Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada dated February 3, 2009 (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed February 10, 2009)



10.24	Agreement of Purchase and Sale between Whitestone REIT Operating Partnership, L.P. and Bank One, Chicago, NA, as trustee for Midwest Development Venture IV dated December 18, 2008 (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on May 15, 2009)



10.25+	Trustee Restricted Common Share Grant Agreement (Time Vested) between Whitestone REIT and Daryl J. Carter (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on May 15, 2009)



10.26+	Trustee Restricted Common Share Grant Agreement (Time Vested) between Whitestone REIT and Daniel G. DeVos (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on May 15, 2009)



10.27+	Trustee Restricted Common Share Grant Agreement (Time Vested) between Whitestone REIT and Donald F. Keating (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on May 15, 2009)



10.28+	Trustee Restricted Common Share Grant Agreement (Time Vested) between Whitestone REIT and Jack L. Mahaffey (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on May 15, 2009)



10.29	Promissory Note dated September 10, 2010 between Whitestone REIT Operating Company IV LLC and MidFirst Bank (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 16, 2010)



10.30	Modification of Promissory Note dated September 10, 2010 between Whitestone REIT Operating Company IV LLC and MidFirst Bank (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 16, 2010)



10.31	Limited Guarantee dated September 10, 2010 between Whitestone REIT Operating Company IV LLC and MidFirst Bank (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed September 16, 2010)



10.32	Promissory Note between Whitestone Featherwood LLC and Viewpoint Bank dated March 31, 2011 (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed April 5, 2011)



10.33	Assumption Agreement among U.S. National Bank Association, Scottsdale Pinnacle LP, Howard Bankchik, Steven J. Fogel, Whitestone Pinnacle of Scottsdale, LLC and Whitestone REIT Operating Partnership, LP and Whitestone REIT, dated December 22, 2011 (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.35 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, filed on February 29, 2012)



10.34+	First Amendment to the Whitestone REIT 2008 Long-Term Equity Incentive Ownership Plan (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.30 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed on March 1, 2011)



10.38	Loan Agreement, dated November 26, 2013, by and between Whitestone Industrial-Office LLC and Jackson National Life Insurance Company (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 3, 2013)



10.39	Fixed Rate Promissory Note by Whitestone Industrial-Office LLC to Jackson Life National Insurance Company, dated November 26, 2013 (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 3, 2013)



Exhibit No.	Description



10.40+	Employment Agreement between Whitestone REIT and James C. Mastandrea (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed August 29, 2014)



10.41+	Employment Agreement between Whitestone REIT and David K. Holeman (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed August 29, 2014)



10.42+	Change in Control Agreement between Whitestone REIT and John J. Dee (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed August 29, 2014)



10.43+	Change in Control Agreement between Whitestone REIT and Bradford D. Johnson (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed August 29, 2014)



10.45+	Change in Control Agreement between Whitestone REIT and Christine J. Mastandrea (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.45 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed March 2, 2015)



10.46	Form of Restricted Unit Award Agreement (Time Vested) (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 7, 2015)



10.55	OP Unit Purchase Agreement, dated December 8, 2016, among Whitestone REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., Pillarstone Capital REIT and Pillarstone Capital REIT Operating Partnership LP (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 9, 2016).



10.56	Second Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, Joinder and Reaffirmation of Guaranties, dated December 8, 2016, among Whitestone REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., Whitestone REIT, Pillarstone Capital REIT Operating Partnership LP, et al., as guarantors, the lenders party thereto, and Bank of Montreal, as Administrative Agent (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 9, 2016).



10.57	Limited Guarantee, dated December 8, 2016, between Pillarstone Capital REIT Operating Partnership LP and Bank of Montreal, as Administrative Agent (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 9, 2016).



10.58	Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of Pillarstone Capital REIT Operating Partnership LP, dated December 8, 2016 (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed December 9, 2016).



10.59	Agreement of Purchase and Sale, dated as of March 21, 2017, between Whitestone REIT Operating Partnership, L.P. and Phase II Boulevard Place, LP (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 4, 2017).



10.60	Operating Partnership, L.P. and Phase II Boulevard Place, LP (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed on August 4, 2017).



10.61	Operating Partnership, L.P. and Phase II Boulevard Place, LP (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, filed August 4, 2017).



10.62+	2018 Long-Term Equity Incentive Ownership Plan (previously filed as and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on May 12, 2017).



10.63	Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of January 31, 2019, among Whitestone REIT Operating Partnership, L.P., Whitestone REIT, et al., as guarantors, the lenders party thereto, and Bank of Montreal, as Administrative Agent (previously filed and incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 6, 2019).



Exhibit No.	Description



21.1*	List of subsidiaries of Whitestone REIT



23.1*	Consent of Pannell Kerr Forster of Texas, P.C.



24.1	Power of Attorney (included on the signature page hereto)



31.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002



31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002



32.1**	Certificate of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002



32.2**	Certificate of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002



101.INS***	XBRL Instance Document

101. SCH***	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL***	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.LAB***	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE***	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

101.DEF***	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

________________________

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished herewith.

*** Attached as Exhibit 101 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K are the following materials, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 and (v) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

+ Denotes management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



			WHITESTONE REIT
Date:	March 2, 2020	By:	/s/ James C. Mastandrea
			James C. Mastandrea, Chairman and CEO

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENT, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints James C. Mastandrea and David K. Holeman, and each of them, acting individually, as his attorney-in-fact, each with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in connection therewith and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them, or their or his or her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.



March 2, 2020	/s/ James C. Mastandrea
	James C. Mastandrea, Chairman and CEO
	(Principal Executive Officer)

March 2, 2020	/s/ David K. Holeman
	David K. Holeman, Chief Financial Officer
	(Principal Financial and Principal Accounting Officer)

March 2, 2020	/s/ Nandita Berry
	Nandita Berry, Trustee

March 2, 2020	/s/ Jeffrey A. Jones
	Jeffrey A. Jones, Trustee

March 2, 2020	/s/ Donald F. Keating
	Donald F. Keating, Trustee

March 2, 2020	/s/ Paul T. Lambert
	Paul T. Lambert, Trustee

March 2, 2020	/s/ Jack L. Mahaffey
	Jack L. Mahaffey, Trustee

March 2, 2020	/s/ David F. Taylor
	David F. Taylor, Trustee



INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

		Page
	Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	F- 2

	Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2019 and 2018	F- 4

	Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017	F- 6

	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017	F- 9

	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017	F- 10

	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	F- 12

	Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts	F- 45

	Schedule III – Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation	F- 46

All other schedules for which provision is made in the applicable accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission are not required under the related instructions or are inapplicable, and therefore have been omitted.

F- 1

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Trustees and Shareholders of

Whitestone REIT:

Opinion on the Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Whitestone REIT and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2019, and the related notes and schedules (collectively referred to as the “Consolidated Financial Statements”). In our opinion, the Consolidated Financial Statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three year period ended December 31, 2019, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”), and our report dated March 2, 2020, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Basis for Opinion

These Consolidated Financial Statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s Consolidated Financial Statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the Consolidated Financial Statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the Consolidated Financial Statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the Consolidated Financial Statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the Consolidated Financial Statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ Pannell Kerr Forster of Texas, P.C.

We have served as the Company’s auditors since 2002.

Houston, Texas

March 2, 2020

F- 2

REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Trustees and Shareholders of

Whitestone REIT:

Opinion on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Whitestone REIT and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). In our opinion, the Company has maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework (2013) issued by COSO.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows of the Company, and our report dated March 2, 2020, expressed an unqualified opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Basis for Opinion

The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting appearing under Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

/s/ Pannell Kerr Forster of Texas, P.C.

We have served as the Company’s auditors since 2002.

Houston, Texas

March 2, 2020

F- 3



Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except per share data)

	December 31,
	2019			2018
ASSETS
Real estate assets, at cost
Property	$	1,099,955		$	1,052,238
Accumulated depreciation	(137,933		)	(113,300		)
Total real estate assets	962,022			938,938
Investment in real estate partnership	34,097			26,236
Cash and cash equivalents	15,530			13,658
Restricted cash	113			128
Escrows and acquisition deposits	8,388			8,211
Accrued rents and accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts	22,854			21,642
Receivable due from related party	477			394
Financed receivable due from related party	—			5,661
Unamortized lease commissions, legal fees and loan costs	8,960			6,698
Prepaid expenses and other assets⁽¹⁾	3,819			7,306
Total assets	$	1,056,260		$	1,028,872
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Liabilities:
Notes payable	$	644,699		$	618,205
Accounts payable and accrued expenses⁽²⁾	39,336			33,729
Payable due to related party	307			58
Tenants' security deposits	6,617			6,130
Dividends and distributions payable	12,203			11,600
Total liabilities	703,162			669,722
Commitments and contingencies:	—			—
Equity:
Preferred shares, $0.001 par value per share; 50,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018	—			—
Common shares, $0.001 par value per share; 400,000,000 shares authorized; 41,492,117 and 39,778,029 issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively	41			39
Additional paid-in capital	554,816			527,662
Accumulated deficit	(204,049		)	(181,361		)
Accumulated other comprehensive gain (loss)	(5,491		)	4,116
Total Whitestone REIT shareholders' equity	345,317			350,456
Noncontrolling interest in subsidiary	7,781			8,694
Total equity	353,098			359,150
Total liabilities and equity	$	1,056,260		$	1,028,872

See the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F- 4

Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(in thousands)




		December 31,
		2019		2018



⁽¹⁾ Operating lease right of use assets (net) (related to adoption of Topic 842)	$	1,328	N/A



⁽²⁾ Operating lease liabilities (related to adoption of Topic 842)	$	1,331	N/A

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F- 5

Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands)



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017

Revenues
Rental⁽¹⁾	$	117,014		$	117,464		$	124,792
Management, transaction, and other fees	2,237			2,399			1,167
Total revenues	119,251			119,863			125,959

Operating expenses
Depreciation and amortization	26,740			25,679			27,240
Operating and maintenance	20,611			21,069			24,213
Real estate taxes	16,293			16,362			17,897
General and administrative⁽²⁾	21,661			23,281			23,949
Total operating expenses	85,305			86,391			93,299

Other expenses (income)
Interest expense	26,285			25,177			23,651
Gain on sale of properties	(853		)	(4,629		)	(16		)
Loss on sale or disposal of assets	215			82			183
Interest, dividend and other investment income	(659		)	(1,055		)	(410		)
Total other expense	24,988			19,575			23,408

Income before equity investments in real estate partnerships and income tax	8,958			13,897			9,252

Equity in earnings of real estate partnership	15,076			8,431			—
Provision for income tax	(400		)	(347		)	(386		)
Profit sharing expense	—			—			(278		)
Income from continuing operations	23,634			21,981			8,588

Gain on sale of property from discontinued operations	594			—			—
Income from discontinued operations	594			—			—

Net income	24,228			21,981			8,588

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	545			550			254

Net income attributable to Whitestone REIT	$	23,683		$	21,431		$	8,334

See the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F- 6

Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands, except per share data)



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018		2017

Basic Earnings Per Share:
Income from continuing operations attributable to Whitestone REIT, excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares	$	0.57		$	0.54	$	0.22
Income from discontinued operations attributable to Whitestone REIT	0.02			0.00		0.00
Net income attributable to common shareholders, excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares	$	0.59		$	0.54	$	0.22
Diluted Earnings Per Share:
Income from continuing operations attributable to Whitestone REIT, excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares	$	0.56		$	0.52	$	0.22
Income from discontinued operations attributable to Whitestone REIT	0.01			0.00		0.00
Net income attributable to common shareholders, excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares	$	0.57		$	0.52	$	0.22

Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic	40,184			39,274		35,428
Diluted	41,462			40,612		36,255

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

Net income	$	24,228		$	21,981	$	8,588

Other comprehensive gain (loss)

Unrealized gain (loss) on cash flow hedging activities	(9,828		)	1,192		2,022
Unrealized gain on available-for-sale marketable securities	—			18		118

Comprehensive income	14,400			23,191		10,728

Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	545			550		254
Less: Comprehensive gain (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(221		)	30		63

Comprehensive income attributable to Whitestone REIT	$	14,076		$	22,611	$	10,411

See the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F- 7

Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in thousands)



⁽¹⁾Rental
Rental revenues	$	86,750		$	86,644	$	94,568
Recoveries	31,748			30,820		30,224
Bad debt	(1,484		)	N/A		N/A
Total rental	$	117,014		$	117,464	$	124,792



⁽²⁾ Bad debt included in operating and maintenance expenses prior to adoption of Topic 842	N/A	$	1,391	$	2,340

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F- 8

Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY (in thousands, except per share and unit data)



											Accumulated
					Additional						Other			Total			Noncontrolling
	Common Shares				Paid-in			Accumulated			Comprehensive			Shareholders’			Interests					Total
	Shares		Amount		Capital			Deficit			Gain (Loss)			Equity			Units		Dollars			Equity

Balance, December 31, 2016	29,468		$	29	$	396,494		$	(141,695	)	$	859		$	255,687		1,103		$	11,941		$	267,628
Exchange of noncontrolling interest OP units for common shares	19		—		206			—			—			206			(19	)	(206		)	—
Issuance of common shares under dividend reinvestment plan	9		—		127			—			—			127			—		—			127
Issuance of common shares - ATM Program, net of offering costs	1,324		1		18,516			—			—			18,517			—		—			18,517
Issuance of common shares - overnight offering, net of offering costs	8,019		8		99,887			—			—			99,895			—		—			99,895
Repurchase of common shares ⁽²⁾	(324	)	—		(4,339		)	—			—			(4,339		)	—		—			(4,339		)
Share-based compensation	707		—		10,410			—			—			10,410			—		—			10,410
Distributions	—		—		—			(43,323		)	—			(43,323		)	—		(1,239		)	(44,562		)
Unrealized gain on change in fair value of cash flow hedge	—		—		—			—			1,962			1,962			—		60			2,022
Unrealized gain on change in fair value of available-for sale marketable securities	—		—		—			—			115			115			—		3			118
Reallocation of ownership percentage between parent and subsidiary	—		—		13			—			—			13			—		(13		)	—
Net income	—		—		—			8,334			—			8,334			—		254			8,588
Balance, December 31, 2017	39,222		38		521,314			(176,684		)	2,936			347,604			1,084		10,800			358,404

Impact of change in accounting principal:
ASU 2014-09⁽¹⁾	—		—		—			19,119			—			19,119			—		—			19,119
Balance January 1, 2018	39,222		38		521,314			(157,565		)	2,936			366,723			1,084		10,800			377,523
Exchange of noncontrolling interest OP units for common shares	155		1		1,545			—			—			1,546			(155	)	(1,546		)	—
Issuance of common shares under dividend reinvestment plan	10		—		133			—			—			133			—		—			133
Exchange offer costs	—		—		(126		)	—			—			(126		)	—		—			(126		)
Repurchase of common shares ⁽²⁾	(160	)	—		(1,961		)	—			—			(1,961		)	—		—			(1,961		)
Share-based compensation	551		—		6,742			—			—			6,742			—		—			6,742
Distributions	—		—		—			(45,227		)	—			(45,227		)	—		(1,125		)	(46,352		)
Unrealized gain on change in fair value of cash flow hedge	—		—		—			—			1,162			1,162			—		30			1,192
Unrealized gain on change in fair value of available-for sale marketable securities	—		—		—			—			18			18			—		—			18
Reallocation of ownership percentage between parent and subsidiary	—		—		15			—			—			15			—		(15		)	—
Net income	—		—		—			21,431			—			21,431			—		550			21,981
Balance, December 31, 2018	39,778		$	39	$	527,662		$	(181,361	)	$	4,116		$	350,456		929		$	8,694		$	359,150
See the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
Exchange of noncontrolling interest OP units for common shares	20		$	—	$	186		$	—		$	—		$	186		(20	)	$	(186	)	$	—
Issuance of common shares under dividend reinvestment plan	10		—		137			—			—			137			—		—			137
Issuance of common shares - ATM Program, net of offering costs	1,612		2		21,244			—			—			21,246			—		—			21,246
Exchange offer costs	—		—		(120		)	—			—			(120		)	—		—			(120		)
Repurchase of common shares ⁽²⁾	(65	)	—		(776		)	—			—			(776		)	—		—			(776		)
Share-based compensation	137		—		6,483			—			—			6,483			—		—			6,483
Distributions	—		—		—			(46,371		)	—			(46,371		)	—		(1,051		)	(47,422		)
Unrealized loss on change in fair value of cash flow hedge	—		—		—			—			(9,607		)	(9,607		)	—		(221		)	(9,828		)
Net income	—		—		—			23,683			—			23,683			—		545			24,228
Balance, December 31, 2019	41,492		$	41	$	554,816		$	(204,049	)	$	(5,491	)	$	345,317		909		$	7,781		$	353,098


⁽¹⁾	Represents the impact of change in accounting principal for our modified retrospective adoption of ASU 2014-09. See Note 2 of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional disclosure.


⁽²⁾	During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Company acquired common shares held by employees who tendered owned common shares to satisfy the tax withholding on the lapse of certain restrictions on restricted shares.

See the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F- 9



Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (in thousands)
	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018			2017
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income from continuing operations	$	23,634		$	21,981		$	8,588
Net income from discontinued operations	594			—			—
Net income	24,228			21,981			8,588
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	26,740			25,679			27,240
Amortization of deferred loan costs	1,095			1,092			1,283
Amortization of notes payable discount	—			—			508
Loss on sale of marketable securities	—			20			91
Gain on sale or disposal of assets and properties	(638		)	(4,547		)	167
Bad debt	1,484			1,391			2,340
Share-based compensation	6,483			6,741			10,410
Equity in earnings of real estate partnership	(15,076		)	(8,431		)	—
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Escrows and acquisition deposits	(177		)	(295		)	(3,570		)
Accrued rents and accounts receivable	(2,998		)	(1,893		)	(5,430		)
Receivable due from (to) related party	(83		)	610			—
Distributions from real estate partnership	6,926			1,324			—
Unamortized lease commissions, legal fees and loan costs	(1,824		)	(1,676		)	(2,299		)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(4,163		)	1,175			168
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	5,609			(2,429		)	1,337
Payable due to (from) related party	249			(1,621		)	—
Tenants' security deposits	487			436			565
Net cash provided by operating activities	47,748			39,557			41,398
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions of real estate	(34,804		)	—			(125,468		)
Additions to real estate	(13,243		)	(11,638		)	(17,575		)
Proceeds from sales of properties	—			12,574			26
Proceeds from financed receivable due from related party	5,661			9,812			—
Investment in real estate partnership	—			—			(2,394		)
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities	—			30			513
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	(42,386		)	10,778			(144,898		)
Net cash provided by investing activities of discontinued operations	594			—			—
Cash flows from financing activities:
Distributions paid to common shareholders	(45,627		)	(44,944		)	(40,472		)
Distributions paid to OP unit holders	(1,055		)	(1,155		)	(1,241		)
Proceeds from issuance of common shares, net of offering costs	21,244			—			118,412
Payments of exchange offer costs	(120		)	(126		)	—
Proceeds from bonds payable	100,000			—			—
Net proceeds from (payments of) credit facility	(66,700		)	9,000			45,600
Repayments of notes payable	(8,095		)	(2,543		)	(11,543		)
Payments of loan origination costs	(2,970		)	(30		)	(695		)
Repurchase of common shares	(776		)	(1,961		)	(4,339		)
Net cash used in financing activities	(4,099		)	(41,759		)	105,722
Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	1,857			8,576			2,222
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period	13,786			5,210			2,988
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period ⁽¹⁾	$	15,643		$	13,786		$	5,210


⁽¹⁾	For a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, see supplemental disclosures below.

F- 10

Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS Supplemental Disclosures (in thousands)

	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018		2017
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Cash paid for interest	$	25,360		$	24,610	$	22,541
Cash paid for taxes	$	396		$	304	$	337
Non cash investing and financing activities:
Disposal of fully depreciated real estate	$	234		$	937	$	1,036
Financed insurance premiums	$	1,238		$	1,273	$	1,115
Value of shares issued under dividend reinvestment plan	$	137		$	133	$	127
Value of common shares exchanged for OP units	$	186		$	1,546	$	206
Change in fair value of available-for-sale securities	$	—		$	18	$	118
Change in fair value of cash flow hedge	$	(9,828	)	$	1,192	$	2,022
Reallocation of ownership percentage between parent and subsidiary	$	—		$	15	$	13
Debt issued with acquisitions of real estate	$	—		$	—	$	80,000
Property received as termination fee	$	—		$	250	$	—



	December 31,
	2019		2018		2017
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents	$	15,530	$	13,658	$	5,005
Restricted cash	113		128		205
Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	15,643	$	13,786	$	5,210

See the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

F- 11

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

1. DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND NATURE OF OPERATIONS

Whitestone REIT (“Whitestone”) was formed as a real estate investment trust, pursuant to the Texas Real Estate Investment Trust Act on August 20, 1998. In July 2004, we changed our state of organization from Texas to Maryland pursuant to a merger where we merged directly with and into a Maryland real estate investment trust formed for the sole purpose of the reorganization and the conversion of each of our outstanding common shares of beneficial interest of the Texas entity into 1.42857 common shares of beneficial interest of the Maryland entity. We serve as the general partner of Whitestone REIT Operating Partnership, L.P. (the “Operating Partnership” or “WROP” or “OP”), which was formed on December 31, 1998 as a Delaware limited partnership. We currently conduct substantially all of our operations and activities through the Operating Partnership. As the general partner of the Operating Partnership, we have the exclusive power to manage and conduct the business of the Operating Partnership, subject to certain customary exceptions. As of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we owned 58, 57, and 73 commercial properties, respectively, in and around Austin, Chicago, Dallas-Fort Worth, Houston, Phoenix and San Antonio.

As of December 31, 2019, these properties consist of:

Consolidated Operating Portfolio


•	53 wholly-owned properties that meet our Community Centered Properties^® strategy; and


•	five parcels of land held for future development.

As of December 31, 2019, we, through our equity-method investment in Pillarstone Capital REIT Operating Partnership LP (“Pillarstone” or “Pillarstone OP”), owned a majority interest in eight properties that do not meet our Community Centered Property® strategy containing approximately 0.9 million square feet of GLA (the “Pillarstone Properties”). We own 81.4% of the total outstanding units of Pillarstone OP, which we account for using the equity method. We also manage the day-to-day operations of Pillarstone OP.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Consolidation. We are the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership and possess full legal control and authority over the operations of the Operating Partnership. As of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we owned a majority of the partnership interests in the Operating Partnership. Consequently, the accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Operating Partnership.

Noncontrolling interest in the accompanying consolidated financial statements represents the share of equity and earnings of the Operating Partnership allocable to holders of partnership interests other than us. Net income or loss is allocated to noncontrolling interests based on the weighted-average percentage ownership of the Operating Partnership during the year. Issuance of additional common shares of beneficial interest in Whitestone (the “common shares”) and units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership that are convertible into cash or, at our option, common shares on a one-for-one basis (the “OP units”) changes the percentage of ownership interests of both the noncontrolling interests and Whitestone.

Profit-sharing Method. In accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) guidance applicable to sales of real estate or interests therein, specifically FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360-20, “Real Estate Sales,” Topic 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers” and ASC 610, “Other Income–Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets,” we did not recognize the sale of assets to Pillarstone OP in the Contribution (as defined in Note 5) and accounted for the transaction under the profit-sharing method for the year ended December 31, 2017. We recognized Pillarstone OP’s real estate assets and notes payables in our consolidated balance sheets. Additionally, the profits and losses of Pillarstone OP not attributable to the Company are reported as profit sharing expense. As a result of the adoption of Topic 606 and ASC 610, the Company derecognized the underlying assets and liabilities associated with the Contribution as of January 1, 2018 and recognized the Company’s investment in Pillarstone OP under the equity method.

Equity Method. For the years prior to December 31, 2017, Pillarstone OP was accounted for under the profit-sharing method. We adopted Topic 606 and ASC 610 as of January 1, 2018, resulting in the derecognition of the underlying assets and

F- 12

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

liabilities associated with the Contribution (defined below) as of January 1, 2018 and the recognition of the Company’s investment in Pillarstone OP under the equity method. See Note 5 for additional disclosure on Pillarstone OP.

As of December 31, 2019, we, through our investment in Pillarstone OP, owned a majority interest in eight properties that do not meet our Community Centered Property® strategy containing approximately 0.9 million square feet of GLA. We own 81.4% of the total outstanding units of Pillarstone OP. We also manage the day-to-day operations of Pillarstone OP. In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, unless otherwise indicated, we do not include the Pillarstone Properties when we refer to our properties.

Basis of Accounting. Our financial records are maintained on the accrual basis of accounting whereby revenues are recognized when earned and expenses are recorded when incurred.

Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates that we use include the estimated fair values of properties acquired, the estimated useful lives for depreciable and amortizable assets and costs, the estimated allowance for doubtful accounts, the estimated fair value of interest rate swaps and the estimates supporting our impairment analysis for the carrying values of our real estate assets. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Reclassifications. We have reclassified certain prior year amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements in order to be consistent with the current fiscal year presentation. Other than the effects noted below, these reclassifications had no effect on net income, total assets, total liabilities or equity.

Restricted Cash. We classify all cash pledged as collateral to secure certain obligations and all cash whose use is limited as restricted cash. During 2015, pursuant to the terms of our $15.1 million 4.99% Note, due January 6, 2024, which is collateralized by our Anthem Marketplace property, we were required by the lenders thereunder to establish a cash management account controlled by the lenders to collect all amounts generated by our Anthem Marketplace property in order to collateralize such promissory note.

Share-Based Compensation. From time to time, we award nonvested restricted common share awards or restricted common share unit awards, which may be converted into common shares, to executive officers and employees under our 2018 Long-Term Equity Incentive Ownership Plan (the “2018 Plan”). Awarded shares and units vest when certain performance conditions are met. We recognize compensation expense when achievement of the performance conditions is probable based on management’s most recent estimates using the fair value of the shares as of the grant date. We recognized $6.5 million, $6.8 million and $10.4 million in share-based compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Noncontrolling Interests. Noncontrolling interests are the portion of equity in a subsidiary not attributable to a parent. The ownership interests not held by the parent are considered noncontrolling interests. Accordingly, we have reported noncontrolling interests in equity on the consolidated balance sheets but separate from Whitestone’s equity. On the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income, subsidiaries are reported at the consolidated amount, including both the amount attributable to Whitestone and noncontrolling interests. Consolidated statements of changes in equity are included for both quarterly and annual financial statements, including beginning balances, activity for the period and ending balances for shareholders’ equity, noncontrolling interests and total equity.

F- 13

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

recoveries, and percentage rents into a single line item, Rental, within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income. Additionally, we have tenants who pay real estate taxes directly to the taxing authority. We exclude these costs paid directly by the tenant to third parties on our behalf from revenue recognized and the associated property operating expense.

Other property income primarily includes amounts recorded in connection with management fees and lease termination fees. Pillarstone OP pays us management fees for property management, leasing and day-to-day advisory and administrative services. Their obligations are satisfied over time. Pillarstone OP is billed monthly and typically pays quarterly. Revenues are governed by the Management Agreements (as defined in Note 5). Refer to Note 5 to our accompanying consolidated financial statements for additional information regarding the Management Agreements with Pillarstone OP. Additionally, we recognize lease termination fees in the year that the lease is terminated and collection of the fee is probable. Amounts recorded within other property income are accounted for at the point in time when control of the goods or services transfers to the customer and our performance obligation is satisfied.

Cash and Cash Equivalents. We consider all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 consisted of demand deposits at commercial banks and brokerage accounts. We may have net book credit balances in our primary disbursement accounts at the end of a reporting period. We classify such credit balances as accounts payable in our consolidated balance sheets as checks presented for payment to these accounts are not payable by our banks under overdraft arrangements, and, therefore, do not represent short-term borrowings.

Marketable Securities. We classify our existing marketable equity securities as available-for-sale in accordance with the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Investments-Debt and Equity Securities guidance. These securities are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reported in equity as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income or loss. The fair value of the marketable securities is determined using Level 1 inputs under FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures.” Level 1 inputs represent quoted prices available in an active market for identical investments as of the reporting date. Gains and losses on securities sold are based on the specific identification method, and are reported as a component of interest, dividend and other investment income.

Real Estate

Development Properties. Land, buildings and improvements are recorded at cost. Expenditures related to the development of real estate are carried at cost which includes capitalized carrying charges and development costs. Carrying charges (interest, real estate taxes, loan fees, and direct and indirect development costs related to buildings under construction) are capitalized as part of construction in progress. The capitalization of such costs ceases when the property, or any completed portion, becomes available for occupancy. For the year ended December 31, 2019, approximately $500,000 and $320,000 in interest expense and real estate taxes, respectively, were capitalized. For the year ended December 31, 2018, approximately $574,000 and $365,000 in interest expense and real estate taxes, respectively, were capitalized. For the year ended December 31, 2017, approximately $439,000 and $277,000 in interest expense and real estate taxes, respectively, were capitalized.

F- 14

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

State Taxes. We are subject to the Texas Margin Tax, which is computed by applying the applicable tax rate (1% for us) to the profit margin, which, generally, will be determined for us as total revenue less a 30% standard deduction. Although the Texas Margin Tax is not considered an income tax, FASB ASC 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”) applies to the Texas Margin Tax. As of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, we recorded a margin tax provision of $0.4 million, $0.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively.

F- 15

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

Fair Value of Financial Instruments. Our financial instruments consist primarily of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts and notes payable and investments in marketable securities. The carrying value of cash, cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable are representative of their respective fair values due to their short-term nature. The fair value of our long-term debt, consisting of fixed rate secured notes, variable rate secured notes and an unsecured revolving credit facility aggregate to approximately $653.7 million and $618.6 million as compared to the book value of approximately $645.9 million and $619.4 million as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The fair value of our long-term debt is estimated on a Level 2 basis (as provided by ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” (“ASC 820”)), using a discounted cash flow analysis based on the borrowing rates currently available to us for loans with similar terms and maturities, discounting the future contractual interest and principal payments.

Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities. We utilize derivative financial instruments, principally interest rate swaps, to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. We have established policies and procedures for risk assessment, and the approval, reporting and monitoring of derivative financial instruments. We recognize our interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges with the effective portion of the changes in fair value recorded in comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged transaction affects earnings. Any ineffective portion of a cash flow hedge’s change in fair value is recorded immediately into earnings. Our cash flow hedges are determined using Level 2 inputs under ASC 820. Level 2 inputs represent quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs are observable. As of December 31, 2019, we consider our cash flow hedges to be highly effective.

Concentration of Risk. Substantially all of our revenues are obtained from office, warehouse and retail locations in the Austin, Chicago, Dallas-Fort Worth, Houston, Phoenix and San Antonio metropolitan areas. We maintain cash accounts in major U.S. financial institutions. The terms of these deposits are on demand to minimize risk. The balances of these accounts sometimes exceed the federally insured limits, although no losses have been incurred in connection with these deposits.

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WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

direct costs in Topic 842 at lease commencement. Additionally, as the lessee and lessor we will use hindsight in determining the lease term and in assessing impairment of our right-of-use assets. As a result of the adoption of the new lease accounting guidance, as the lessee, we recognized on January 1, 2019 (a) a lease liability of approximately $1.1 million, which represents the present value of the remaining lease payments of approximately $1.2 million discounted using our incremental borrowing rate of 4.5%, and (b) a right-of-use asset of approximately $1.1 million. The adoption of Topic 842 did not have a material impact to our net income and related per share amounts.

•


•	Apply the guidance to each lease that had commenced as of the beginning of the reporting period in which the entity first applies the lease standard with a cumulative-effect adjustment as of that date. Prior comparative periods would not be adjusted under this method.

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WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

those fiscal years. We adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2018, and we have reconciled cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents on a retrospective basis, whereas under the previous guidance, we reported restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents under cash flows from financing activities.

In January 2017, the FASB issued guidance clarifying the definition of a business with the objective of adding guidance to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or dispositions) of assets or businesses. This guidance became effective for the reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. We adopted this guidance on a prospective basis beginning January 1, 2018 and believe the majority of our future acquisitions will qualify as asset acquisitions and the associated transaction costs will be capitalized as opposed to expensed under previous guidance. For the year ending December 31, 2019, we capitalized $0.1 million in associated transaction costs.

3. MARKETABLE SECURITIES

In January 2018, we sold all of our remaining marketable securities and had no marketable securities as of December 31, 2019.

During the year ended December 31, 2018, available-for-sale securities were sold for total proceeds of $30,000. The gross realized losses on these sales totaled $20,000. For purposes of determining gross realized gains and losses, the cost of securities sold is based on specific identification.

4. REAL ESTATE

As of December 31, 2019, we owned 58 commercial properties in the Austin, Chicago, Dallas-Fort Worth, Houston, Phoenix and San Antonio areas comprised of approximately 5.0 million square feet of gross leasable area (“GLA”). Five of the 58 commercial properties are land parcels held for future development.

Property Acquisitions. On December 6, 2019, we acquired Las Colinas Village, a property that meets our Community Centered Property^® strategy, for $34.8 million in cash and net prorations. Las Colinas Village, a 104,919 square foot property, was 86% leased at the time of purchase and is located in Irving, Texas. Revenue and net income attributable to Las Colinas of $0.3 million and $0.2 million, respectively, have been included in our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2019.

On December 29, 2017, we acquired a 1.83 acre parcel of undeveloped land for $0.9 million in cash and net prorations. The undeveloped land parcel is the hard corner at our Eldorado Plaza property.

On May 26, 2017, we acquired BLVD Place, a property that meets our Community Centered Property^® strategy, for $158.0 million, including $80.0 million of asset level mortgage financing and $78.0 million in cash and net prorations. BLVD Place, a 216,944 square foot property, was 99% leased at the time of purchase and is located in Houston, Texas. Included in the purchase of BLVD Place is approximately 1.43 acres of developable land.

On May 3, 2017, we acquired Eldorado Plaza, a property that meets our Community Centered Property^® strategy, for $46.6 million in cash and net prorations. Eldorado Plaza, a 221,577 square foot property, was 96% leased at the time of purchase and is located in McKinney, Texas, a suburb of Dallas, Texas.

F- 18

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

Unaudited pro forma results of operations. The following unaudited pro forma results summarized below reflect our consolidated results of operations as if our acquisitions for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 were acquired on January 1, 2017. The unaudited consolidated pro forma results of operations is not necessarily indicative of what the actual results of operations would have been, assuming the transactions had been completed as set forth above, nor do they purport to represent our results of operations for future periods.



	Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2019		2018		2017
Total revenues	$	122,286	$	123,243	$	137,043
Net income	$	24,047	$	21,876	$	11,217
Net income attributable to Whitestone REIT ⁽¹⁾	$	23,502	$	21,326	$	10,888

Basic Earnings Per Share:	$	0.58	$	0.54	$	0.28

Diluted Earnings Per Share:	$	0.57	$	0.52	$	0.27

Weighted-average common shares outstanding:
Basic ⁽²⁾	40,184		39,274		37,933
Diluted ⁽²⁾	41,462		40,612		38,760


⁽¹⁾	Net income attributable to Whitestone REIT reflects historical ownership percentages and does not reflect the effects of the April 2017 Offering (as defined in Note 14), assuming the sale of the common shares took place on January 1, 2017, as the related impact on ownership percentage is minimal.


⁽²⁾	Pro forma weighted averages reflect the April 2017 Offering, assuming the sale of the common shares took place on January 1, 2017.

Acquisition costs. Acquisition-related costs of $0.1 million are capitalized in real estate assets in our balance sheets for the year ended December 31, 2019. Acquisition-related costs of $0.0 million and $1.6 million are included in general and administrative expenses in our statements of operations and comprehensive income for the year ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Development properties. As of December 31, 2019, we had substantially completed construction at our Anthem Marketplace Phase II property. As of December 31, 2019, we had incurred approximately $1.4 million in construction costs. The 6,853 square foot Community Centered Property^® was 100% occupied as of December 31, 2019 and is located in Phoenix, Arizona, and adjacent to Anthem Marketplace.

As of December 31, 2018, we had substantially completed construction at our Pinnacle of Scottsdale Phase II property. As of December 31, 2018, we had incurred approximately $5.5 million in construction costs, including approximately $0.6 million in previously capitalized interest and real estate taxes. The 27,063 square foot Community Centered Property^® was 100% leased at December 31, 2018 and is located in Scottsdale, Arizona, adjacent to Pinnacle of Scottsdale.

As of December 31, 2018, we had substantially completed construction at our Shops at Starwood Phase III property. As of December 31, 2018, we had incurred approximately $8.4 million in construction costs, including approximately $1.1 million in previously capitalized interest and real estate taxes. The 35,351 square foot Community Centered Property^® was 72% leased at December 31, 2018 and is located in Frisco, Texas, a northern suburb of Dallas, Texas, adjacent to Shops at Starwood.

Property dispositions. On September 24, 2018, we completed the sale of Torrey Square, located in Houston, Texas, for $8.7 million. We recorded a gain on sale of $4.4 million. We have not included Torrey Square in discontinued operations as it did not meet the definition of discontinued operations.

On February 27, 2018, we completed the sale of Bellnott Square, located in Houston, Texas, for $4.7 million. We recorded a gain on sale of $0.3 million. We have not included Bellnott Square in discontinued operations as it did not meet the definition of discontinued operations.

F- 19

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

On November 15, 2019, we received a $0.8 million principal payment in connection with the sale of two retail buildings we completed on November 29, 2016. We recorded a gain on sale of $0.8 million. In 2016, we provided seller-financing for the retail buildings, Webster Pointe and Centre South, and deferred a $1.7 million gain until principal payments on the seller-financed loan are received. The purchaser of the retail buildings sold Webster Pointe on November 15, 2019 and paid the entire principal balance of the loan related to the property. We have not included the gain in discontinued operations as it did not meet the definition of discontinued operations at the date of the sale.

On April 24, 2019, we received a $0.7 million principal payment in connection with the sale of three office buildings we completed on December 31, 2014. We recorded a gain on sale of $0.7 million. In 2014, we provided seller-financing for the office buildings, Zeta, Royal Crest and Featherwood, and deferred a $2.5 million gain until principal payments on the seller-financed loan are received. The purchaser of the office buildings sold Zeta on April 24, 2019 and paid the entire principal balance of the loan related to the property. We have included the gain in discontinued operations as it did meet the definition of discontinued operations at the date of sale.

Hurricane Harvey. In August 2017, Hurricane Harvey impacted the South Texas region, including Houston, Texas. The majority of our Houston properties incurred minor damage and as a result, we recorded approximately $0.5 million in Harvey related repairs in property operation and maintenance expense for the year ended December 31, 2017.

5. INVESTMENT IN REAL ESTATE PARTNERSHIP

On December 8, 2016, we, through our Operating Partnership, entered into a Contribution Agreement (the “Contribution Agreement”) with Pillarstone OP and Pillarstone Capital REIT (“Pillarstone REIT”) pursuant to which we contributed all of the equity interests in four of our wholly-owned subsidiaries: Whitestone CP Woodland Ph. 2, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“CP Woodland”); Whitestone Industrial-Office, LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“Industrial-Office”); Whitestone Offices, LLC, a Texas limited liability company (“Whitestone Offices”); and Whitestone Uptown Tower, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“Uptown Tower,” and together with CP Woodland, Industrial-Office and Whitestone Offices, the “Entities”) that own 14 non-core properties that do not fit our Community Centered Property^® strategy (the “Pillarstone Properties”), to Pillarstone OP for aggregate consideration of approximately $84 million, consisting of (1) approximately $18.1 million of Class A units representing limited partnership interests in Pillarstone OP (“Pillarstone OP Units”), issued at a price of $1.331 per Pillarstone OP Unit; and (2) the assumption of approximately $65.9 million of liabilities, consisting of (a) approximately $15.5 million of our liability under the 2018 Facility (as defined in Note 9); (b) an approximately $16.3 million promissory note of Uptown Tower under the Loan Agreement, dated as of September 26, 2013, between Uptown Tower, as borrower, and U.S. Bank, National Association, as successor to Morgan Stanley Mortgage Capital Holdings LLC, as lender; and (c) an approximately $34.1 million promissory note (the “Industrial-Office Promissory Note”) of Industrial-Office issued under the Loan Agreement, dated as of November 26, 2013 (the “Industrial-Office Loan Agreement”), between Industrial-Office, as borrower, and Jackson National Life Insurance Company, as lender (collectively, the “Contribution”).

In connection with the Contribution, (1) with respect to each Pillarstone Property (other than Uptown Tower), Whitestone TRS, Inc., a subsidiary of the Company (“Whitestone TRS”), entered into a Management Agreement with the Entity that owns such Pillarstone Property and (2) with respect to Uptown Tower, Whitestone TRS entered into a Management Agreement with Pillarstone OP (collectively, the “Management Agreements”). Pursuant to the Management Agreements with respect to each Pillarstone Property (other than Uptown Tower), Whitestone TRS agreed to provide certain property management, leasing and day-to-day advisory and administrative services to such Pillarstone Property in exchange for (x) a monthly property management fee equal to 5.0% of the monthly revenues of such Pillarstone Property and (y) a monthly asset management fee equal to 0.125% of GAV (as defined in each Management Agreement as, generally, the purchase price of the respective Pillarstone Property based upon the purchase price allocations determined pursuant to the Contribution Agreement, excluding all indebtedness, liabilities or claims of any nature) of such Pillarstone Property. Pursuant to the Management Agreement with respect to Uptown Tower, Whitestone TRS agreed to provide certain property management, leasing and day-to-day advisory and administrative services to Pillarstone OP in exchange for (x) a monthly property management fee equal to 3.0% of the monthly revenues of Uptown Tower and (y) a monthly asset management fee equal to 0.125% of GAV of Uptown Tower. The initial term of each Management Agreement expired on December 31, 2017, after which each Management Agreement became automatically renewable on a month to month basis; provided that each Management Agreement can be

F- 20

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

terminated by either party thereto upon not less than thirty days’ prior written notice to the other party. None of the Management Agreements had been terminated as of December 31, 2019.

In connection with the Contribution, on December 8, 2016, the Operating Partnership entered into a Tax Protection Agreement with Pillarstone REIT and Pillarstone OP pursuant to which Pillarstone OP agreed to indemnify the Operating Partnership for certain tax liabilities resulting from its recognition of income or gain prior to December 8, 2021 if such liabilities result from a transaction involving a direct or indirect taxable disposition of all or a portion of the Pillarstone Properties or if Pillarstone OP fails to maintain and allocate to the Operating Partnership for taxation purposes minimum levels of liabilities as specified in the Tax Protection Agreement, the result of which causes such recognition of income or gain and the Company incurs taxes that must be paid to maintain its REIT status for federal income tax purposes.

As of December 31, 2019, we owned approximately 81.4% of the total outstanding units of Pillarstone OP. Additionally, certain of our officers and trustees serve as officers and trustees of Pillarstone REIT. In connection with the Contribution, in December 2016, we determined that we were the primary beneficiary of Pillarstone OP, through our power to direct the activities of Pillarstone OP, additional working capital required by Pillarstone OP under an OP Unit purchase agreement and our obligation to absorb losses and receive benefits based on our ownership percentage. Accordingly, we accounted for Pillarstone OP as a VIE and fully consolidated it in our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2016 and in the subsequent periods.

In November 2017, we received a comment letter from the Staff of the Division of Corporation Finance of the SEC (the “Staff”) relating to our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. In their letter, the Staff requested that we provide them with an analysis to support our determination that Pillarstone OP is a VIE of which we are the primary beneficiary and that Pillarstone OP should be consolidated in our financial statements in accordance with GAAP. In response to the Staff’s comment, we provided the Staff with our analysis of our accounting and financial reporting obligations relating to our interest in Pillarstone OP. After communicating our analysis and conclusions to the Staff and responding to additional questions from the Staff relating to this matter, the Staff did not object to or otherwise take exception to our initial determinations at the time of the consummation of the Contribution in December 2016 but provided a verbal reminder that the determination of the primary beneficiary of a VIE should be continually reassessed, noting that the initial terms of the Management Agreements expired in December 2017, and suggesting that we consider pre-clearing future accounting treatment of Pillarstone OP with the Staff of the Office of the Chief Accountant (“OCA”).

In connection with the preparation and review of the Company’s financial statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2018, the Company concluded, after consultation with the Company’s outside advisors, that it would be prudent to seek the pre-clearance from the Staff of the SEC’s Office of the Chief Accountant (“OCA”) of the proposed treatment of Pillarstone OP in the Company’s financial statements for such quarter. Accordingly, in April 2018, the Company submitted a letter to the OCA seeking their concurrence with the Company’s determinations that it maintained its status as the primary beneficiary of Pillarstone OP and, accordingly, should continue to consolidate Pillarstone OP in its financial statements for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 in accordance with GAAP. After further correspondence, including telephonic meetings between the Company, its advisors and the OCA, the OCA informed the Company that it objected to the conclusions that the Company was the primary beneficiary of Pillarstone OP and was required to consolidate it in the Company’s financial statements since the Contribution in December 2016 and during the subsequent periods.

After consideration of the OCA’s objection to the Company’s original accounting, the Company determined that the correct accounting treatment was to apply certain industry specific accounting guidance applicable to real estate transactions, ASC 360-20, the profit sharing method, which required the Company to continue to recognize the underlying assets and liabilities associated with the Contribution in the Company’s financial statements, and revised its accounting treatment accordingly. Management evaluated the quantitative and qualitative materiality of the errors and concluded that the difference between applying ASC 360-20 and the consolidation of Pillarstone OP under the VIE guidance was not material to the financial statements of any period presented through December 31, 2017. As a result, the Company elected to correct them in future financial statements, beginning with the consolidated financial statements as and for the period ended June 30, 2018 and in the accompanying prior period consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended June 30, 2018.

On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2014-09 (“Topic 606”), as subsequently amended, using the modified retrospective method and applied Topic 606 to those contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. Topic 606 added

F- 21

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

a new section, ASC 610, “Other Income-Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets,” which effectively superseded industry specific accounting guidance applicable to real estate transactions.

As a result of the adoption of Topic 606 and ASC 610, the Company derecognized the underlying assets and liabilities associated with the Contribution as of January 1, 2018 and recognized the Company’s investment in Pillarstone OP under the equity method for the periods after December 31, 2017.

The table below presents the real estate partnership investment in which the Company held an ownership interest (in thousands):



		The Company’s Investment as of December 31,
		2019		2018
Real estate partnership	Ownership Interest
Pillarstone OP⁽¹⁾⁽²⁾	81.4%	$	34,097	$	26,236
Total real estate partnership⁽³⁾		$	34,097	$	26,236

⁽¹⁾ The Company manages these real estate partnership investments and, where applicable, earns acquisition fees, leasing commissions, property management fees, and asset management fees.

⁽²⁾ As of December 31, 2017, the Company had a net deferred gain of $18.0 million relating to the sale of properties to Pillarstone OP prior to the adoption of ASU 2017-05. These deferred gains were included in the Company’s investment above. Upon adoption, the Company recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment of $19.1 million to its beginning accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2018 on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity.

⁽³⁾ Representing eight property interests and 0.9 million square feet of GLA, as of December 31, 2019, and 11 property interests and 1.3 million square feet of GLA, as of December 31, 2018.

On October 8, 2019, Pillarstone OP, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary, Whitestone Industrial-Office, LLC, sold a portfolio of three properties in Houston, Texas to an unaffiliated third party for $39.7 million in cash. Pillarstone OP used the net proceeds to make a large distribution to Whitestone of $5.4 million after customary closing deductions, to pay off mortgage debt on the three properties, and pay off the remaining $5.7 million of its $15.5 million loan from Whitestone. Included in 2019 equity in earnings from real estate partnership is a $13.8 million gain related to this sale.

On December 27, 2018, Pillarstone OP, through an indirect wholly owned subsidiary, Whitestone Industrial-Office, LLC, sold a portfolio of three properties in Houston, Texas to an unaffiliated third party for $15.8 million in cash. Pillarstone OP used the net proceeds, after customary closing deductions, to pay off mortgage debt on the three properties, and repay $8.0 million of its $14.5 million loan from Whitestone. Included in 2018 equity in earnings from real estate partnership is a $6.3 million gain related to this sale.

The table below presents the Company’s share of net income from its investment in the real estate partnership which is included in equity in earnings of real estate partnership, net on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018

Pillarstone OP	$	15,076	$	8,431

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WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

Summarized financial information for the Company’s investment in real estate partnership is as follows (in thousands):



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019		2018
Assets:
Real estate, net	$	50,338	$	72,661
Other assets	6,742		6,617
Total assets	57,080		79,278
Liabilities and equity:
Notes payable	15,434		47,064
Other liabilities	3,575		4,322
Equity	38,071		27,892
Total liabilities and equity	57,080		79,278
Company’s share of equity	31,008		22,717
Cost of investment in excess of the Company’s share of underlying net book value	3,089		3,519
Carrying value of investment in real estate partnership	$	34,097	$	26,236



	Year Ended December 31,
	2019			2018
Rental revenues	$	14,253		$	17,180
Property expenses	(9,045		)	(6,687		)
Other expenses	(3,449		)	(7,848		)
Gain on sale of properties or disposal of assets	16,943			7,839
Net income	$	18,702		$	10,484

The amortization of the basis difference between the cost of investment and the Company's share of underling net book value for both years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $108,000. The Company amortized the difference into equity in earnings of real estate partnership on the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income statement.

As a result of the adoption of Topic 606 and ASC 610, the Company recognized the Company’s investment in Pillarstone OP under the equity method for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018. For the year ended December 31, 2017, Pillarstone OP was accounted for using the profit-sharing method.

F- 23

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

The carrying amounts and classification of certain assets and liabilities for Pillarstone OP under the profit sharing method as of December 31, 2017 and consisted of the following (in thousands):




Real estate assets, at cost
Property	$	95,146
Accumulated depreciation	(35,980		)
Total real estate assets	59,166

Investment in real estate partnership	4,095

Liabilities
Notes payable⁽¹⁾	(48,840		)

Net carrying value	$	14,421


⁽¹⁾	Excludes approximately $15.5 million in notes payable due to Whitestone as of December 31, 2017.

The Company's maximum exposure to loss relating to Pillarstone OP is limited to its investment in Pillarstone OP and its guarantee of promissory notes issued to Pillarstone OP. Since the date of the Contribution, the Company has not provided financial support to Pillarstone OP that it was not previously contractually required to provide under the Management Agreements. The Company's maximum exposure to loss relating to Pillarstone OP as of December 31, 2017 was as follows (in thousands):



Net carrying value	$	14,421
OP Unit Purchase Agreement	3,000
Notes payable	48,840
Maximum exposure to loss	$	66,261

The Company has evaluated its guarantee to Pillarstone OP pursuant to ASC 460, Guarantees, and has determined the guarantee to be a performance guarantee, for which ASC 460 contains initial recognition and measurement requirements, and related disclosure requirements. The Company is obligated in two respects: (i) a noncontingent liability, which represents the Company’s obligation to stand ready to perform under the terms of the guarantee in the event that the specified triggering event(s) occur; and (ii) the contingent liability, which represents the Company’s obligation to make future payments if those triggering events occur. The Company recognized a noncontingent liability of $462,000 at the inception of the guarantee at fair value and is recorded on the the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as a liability. The Company amortizes the guarantee liability into income over seven years. For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, the amortization of the guarantee liability were $182,000, $106,000, and $112,000, respectively.

F- 24

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

6. ACCRUED RENTS AND ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE, NET

Accrued rents and accounts receivable, net, consists of amounts accrued, billed and due from tenants, allowance for doubtful accounts and other receivables as follows (in thousands):



	December 31,
	2019			2018
Tenant receivables	$	16,741		$	14,686
Accrued rents and other recoveries	16,983			16,423
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(11,173		)	(9,746		)
Other receivables	303			279
Totals	$	22,854		$	21,642

7. UNAMORTIZED LEASE COMMISSIONS, LEGAL FEES AND LOAN COSTS

Costs which have been deferred consist of the following (in thousands):



	December 31,
	2019			2018
Leasing commissions	$	9,868		$	8,789
Deferred legal cost	393			406
Deferred financing cost	3,908			4,076
Total cost	14,169			13,271
Less: leasing commissions accumulated amortization	(4,200		)	(3,534		)
Less: deferred legal cost accumulated amortization	(179		)	(125		)
Less: deferred financing cost accumulated amortization	(830		)	(2,914		)
Total cost, net of accumulated amortization	$	8,960		$	6,698

A summary of expected future amortization of deferred costs is as follows (in thousands):



Years Ended December 31,	Leasing Commissions		Deferred Legal Costs		Deferred Financing Costs		Total
2020	$	1,593	$	59	$	900	$	2,552
2021	1,365		45		900		2,310
2022	1,117		35		839		1,991
2023	853		22		220		1,095
2024	612		20		192		824
Thereafter	128		33		27		188
Total	$	5,668	$	214	$	3,078	$	8,960

F- 25

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

8. LEASES

As a Lessor. All leases on our properties are classified as noncancelable operating leases, and the related rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the related leases. Differences between rental income earned and amounts due per the respective lease agreements are capitalized or charged, as applicable, to accrued rents and accounts receivable. Percentage rents are recognized as rental income when the thresholds upon which they are based have been met. Recoveries from tenants for taxes, insurance, and other operating expenses are recognized as revenues in the period the corresponding costs are incurred. We combine lease and nonlease components in lease contracts, which includes combining base rent, recoveries, and percentage rents into a single line item, Rental, within the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income.

A summary of minimum future rents to be received (exclusive of renewals, tenant reimbursements, contingent rents, and collectability adjustments under Topic 842) under noncancelable operating leases in existence as of December 31, 2019 is as follows (in thousands):



Years Ended December 31,	Minimum Future Rents⁽¹⁾
2020	$	83,552
2021	72,507
2022	60,766
2023	48,812
2024	36,988
Thereafter	110,496
Total	$	413,121

⁽¹⁾ These amounts do not reflect future rental revenues from the renewal or replacement of existing leases and exclude reimbursements of operating expenses and rental increases that are not fixed.

As a Lessee. We have office space, automobile, and office machine leases, which qualify as operating leases, with remaining lease terms of one to four years.

The following table summarizes the fixed, future minimum rental payments, excluding variable costs, which are discounted by our weighted average incremental borrowing rates to calculate the lease liabilities for our operating leases in existence as of December 31, 2019 in which we are the lessee (in thousands):



Years Ended December 31,	Minimum Future Rents
2020	$	919
2021	412
2022	50
2023	4
Total undiscounted rental payments	1,385
Less imputed interest	54
Total lease liabilities	$	1,331

For the year ended December 31, 2019, the total lease costs were $952,000. The weighted average remaining lease term for our operating leases was 1.7 years at December 31, 2019. We do not include renewal options in the lease term for calculating the lease liability unless we are reasonably certain we will exercise the option or the lessor has the sole ability to exercise the option. The weighted average incremental borrowing rate was 4.5% at December 31, 2019.

F- 26

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

Prior to the adoption of Topic 842, we lease the majority of our properties under noncancelable operating leases, which provide for minimum base rents plus, in some instances, contingent rents based upon a percentage of the tenants’ gross receipts. A summary of minimum future rents to be received (exclusive of renewals, tenant reimbursements, and contingent rents) under noncancelable operating leases in existence as of December 31, 2018 is as follows (in thousands):



Years Ended December 31,	Minimum Future Rents
2019	$	81,149
2020	70,181
2021	59,550
2022	48,431
2023	37,327
Thereafter	122,102
Total	$	418,740

Prior to the adoption of Topic 842, as of December 31, 2018, we had the following lease obligations (in thousands):



			Payment due by period
Lease Obligations	Total		Less than 1 year (2019)		1 - 3 years (2020 - 2021)		3 - 5 years (2022 - 2023)		More than 5 years (after 2023)
Operating Lease Obligations	185		85		100		—		—
Related Party Rent Lease Obligations	963		441		522		—		—
Total	$	1,148	$	526	$	622	$	—	$	—

F- 27

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

9. DEBT

Mortgages and other notes payable consist of the following (in thousands):



	December 31,
Description	2019			2018
Fixed rate notes
$10.5 million, 4.85% Note, due September 24, 2020 ⁽¹⁾	$	9,260		$	9,500
$50.0 million, 1.75% plus 1.35% to 1.90% Note, due October 30, 2020 ⁽²⁾	—			50,000
$50.0 million, 1.50% plus 1.35% to 1.90% Note, due January 29, 2021 ⁽³⁾	—			50,000
$100.0 million, 1.73% plus 1.35% to 1.90% Note, due October 30, 2022 ⁽⁴⁾	100,000			100,000
$165.0 million, 2.24% plus 1.35% to 1.90% Note, due January 31, 2024 ⁽⁵⁾	165,000			—
$80.0 million, 3.72% Note, due June 1, 2027	80,000			80,000
$6.5 million 3.80% Note, due January 1, 2019	—			5,657
$19.0 million 4.15% Note, due December 1, 2024	19,000			19,000
$20.2 million 4.28% Note, due June 6, 2023	18,616			18,996
$14.0 million 4.34% Note, due September 11, 2024	13,482			13,718
$14.3 million 4.34% Note, due September 11, 2024	14,243			14,300
$15.1 million 4.99% Note, due January 6, 2024	14,409			14,643
$2.6 million 5.46% Note, due October 1, 2023	2,386			2,430
$50.0 million, 5.09% Note, due March 22, 2029	50,000			—
$50.0 million, 5.17% Note, due March 22, 2029	50,000			—
Floating rate notes
Unsecured line of credit, LIBOR plus 1.40% to 1.90%, due January 31, 2023 ⁽⁶⁾	109,500			241,200
Total notes payable principal	645,896			619,444
Less deferred financing costs, net of accumulated amortization	(1,197		)	(1,239		)
	$	644,699		$	618,205


⁽¹⁾	Promissory note includes an interest rate swap that fixed the interest rate at 3.55% for the duration of the term through September 24, 2018 and 4.85% beginning September 25, 2018 through September 24, 2020.


⁽²⁾	Promissory note includes an interest rate swap that fixed the LIBOR portion of Term Loan 1 (as defined below) at 0.84% through February 3, 2017 and 1.75% beginning February 4, 2017 through October 30, 2020.


⁽³⁾	Promissory note includes an interest rate swap that fixed the LIBOR portion of Term Loan 2 (as defined below) at 1.50%.


⁽⁴⁾	Promissory note includes an interest rate swap that fixed the LIBOR portion of Term Loan 3 (as defined below) at 1.73%.


⁽⁵⁾	Promissory note includes an interest rate swap that fixed the LIBOR portion of the interest rate at an average rate of 2.24% for the duration of the term through January 31, 2024.


⁽⁶⁾	Unsecured line of credit includes certain Pillarstone Properties as of December 31, 2018, in determining the amount of credit available under the 2018 Facility which were released from collateral during 2019.

F- 28

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019


•	maximum total indebtedness to total asset value ratio of 0.60 to 1.00;


•	maximum secured debt to total asset value ratio of 0.40 to 1.00;


•	minimum EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization or extraordinary items) to fixed charges ratio of 1.50 to 1.00;


•	maximum other recourse debt to total asset value ratio of 0.15 to 1.00; and


•	maintenance of a minimum tangible net worth (adjusted for accumulated depreciation and amortization) of $372 million plus 75% of the net proceeds from additional equity offerings (as defined therein).

F- 29

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

obligations under the Notes. The financial and restrictive covenants and default provisions in the Note Agreement are substantially similar to those contained in the Operating Partnership’s existing credit facility.

The 2019 Facility is comprised of the following three tranches:


•	$250.0 million unsecured revolving credit facility with a maturity date of January 1, 2023 (the “2019 Revolver”);


•	$165.0 million unsecured term loan with a maturity date of January 31, 2024 (“Term Loan A”); and


•	$100.0 million unsecured term loan with a maturity date of October 30, 2022 (“Term Loan B” and together with Term Loan A, the “2019 Term Loans”).

F- 30

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019


•	maximum total indebtedness to total asset value ratio of 0.60 to 1.00;


•	maximum secured debt to total asset value ratio of 0.40 to 1.00;


•	minimum EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, amortization or extraordinary items) to fixed charges ratio of 1.50 to 1.00;


•	maximum other recourse debt to total asset value ratio of 0.15 to 1.00; and


•	maintenance of a minimum tangible net worth (adjusted for accumulated depreciation and amortization) of $372 million plus 75% of the net proceeds from additional equity offerings (as defined therein).

Pursuant to the First Amendment, the Company made the following amendments to the 2014 Facility:


•	extended the maturity date of the $300 million unsecured revolving credit facility under the 2014 Facility (the “2018 Revolver”) to October 30, 2019 from November 7, 2018;


•	converted $100 million of outstanding borrowings under the Revolver to a new $100 million unsecured term loan under the 2014 Facility (“Term Loan 3”) with a maturity date of October 30, 2022;


•	extended the maturity date of the first $50 million unsecured term loan under the 2014 Facility (“Term Loan 1”) to October 30, 2020 from February 17, 2017; and


•	extended the maturity date of the second $50 million unsecured term loan under the 2014 Facility (“Term Loan 2” and together with Term Loan 1 and Term Loan 3, the “2018 Term Loans”) to January 29, 2021 from November 7, 2019.

F- 31

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

As of December 31, 2019, our $171.4 million in secured debt was collateralized by eight properties with a carrying value of $270.4 million. Our loans contain restrictions that would require the payment of prepayment penalties for the acceleration of outstanding debt and are secured by deeds of trust on certain of our properties and by assignment of the rents and leases associated with those properties. In 2018, we were not in compliance with respect to the tangible Net Worth covenant as defined in the 2018 Facility and had received two waivers in 2018. Had we been unable to obtain a waiver or other suitable relief from the lenders under the 2018 Facility, an Event of Default (as defined in the 2018 Facility) would have occurred, permitting the lenders holding a majority of the commitments under the 2018 Facility to, among other things, accelerate the outstanding indebtedness, which would make it immediately due and payable. The 2019 Facility and the Notes contain a similar tangible Net Worth covenant that resets at a new threshold and changes the definition of Net Worth to add back accumulated depreciation. However, we can make no assurances that we will be in compliance with these covenants or other covenants under the 2019 Facility or the Notes in future periods or, if we are not in compliance, that we will be able to obtain a waiver. As of December 31, 2019, we were in compliance with all loan covenants.

Scheduled maturities of our outstanding debt as of December 31, 2019 were as follows (in thousands):



Year	Amount Due
2020	$	10,951
2021	1,611
2022	101,683
2023	137,363
2024	228,573
Thereafter	165,715
Total	$	645,896

As of December 31, 2019, we had the following contractual obligations (in thousands):



			Payment due by period (in thousands)
Consolidated Contractual Obligations	Total		Less than 1 year (2020)		1 - 3 years (2021 - 2022)		3 - 5 years (2023 - 2024)		More than 5 years (after 2024)
Long-Term Debt - Principal	$	645,896	$	10,951	$	103,294	$	365,936	$	165,715
Long-Term Debt - Fixed Interest	107,674		21,742		41,975		26,746		17,211
Long-Term Debt - Variable Interest ⁽¹⁾	13,633		4,544		9,089		—		—
Unsecured credit facility - Unused commitment fee ⁽²⁾	1,077		351		702		24		—
Operating Lease Obligations	212		126		82		4		—
Related Party Rent Lease Obligations	1,170		790		380		—		—
Total	$	769,662	$	38,504	$	155,522	$	392,710	$	182,926

⁽¹⁾

As of December 31, 2019, we had one loan totaling $109.5 million which bore interest at a floating rate. The variable interest rate payments are based on LIBOR plus 1.40% to LIBOR plus 1.90%, which reflects our new interest rates under the 2019 Facility. The information in the table above reflects our projected interest rate obligations for the floating rate payments based on one-month LIBOR as of December 31, 2019, of 1.76%.

F- 32

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019


⁽²⁾	The unused commitment fees on the 2019 Facility, payable quarterly, are based on the average daily unused amount of the 2019 Facility. The fees are 0.20% for facility usage greater than 50% or 0.25% for facility usage less than 50%. The information in the table above reflects our projected obligations for the 2019 Facility based on our December 31, 2019 balance of $374.5 million.

10. DERIVATIVES AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

The estimated fair value of our interest rate swaps is as follows (in thousands):



	December 31, 2019
Balance Sheet Location	Estimated Fair Value
Prepaid expenses and other assets		$	59
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		$	(5,660	)



	December 31, 2018
Balance Sheet Location	Estimated Fair Value
Prepaid expenses and other assets		$	4,286
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		$	(59	)

On January 31, 2019, we, through our Operating Partnership, entered into an interest rate swap of $65 million with Bank of Montreal that fixed the LIBOR portion of Term Loan A under the 2019 Facility at 2.43%. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement governing the interest rate swap, Bank of Montreal assigned $12.9 million of the swap to U.S. Bank, National Association, $11.6 million of the swap to Regions Bank, $15.7 million of the swap to SunTrust Bank, and $5.9 million of the swap to Associated Bank. See Note 9 (Debt) for additional information regarding the 2019 Facility. The swap began on February 7, 2019 and will mature on November 9, 2020. We have designated the interest rate swap as a cash flow hedge with the effective portion of the changes in fair value to be recorded in comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value, if any, will be recognized directly in earnings. The Company does not expect any amount of the existing gains or losses to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months.

On January 31, 2019, we, through our Operating Partnership, entered into an interest rate swap of $115 million with Bank of Montreal that fixed the LIBOR portion of Term Loan A under the 2019 Facility at 2.43%. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement governing the interest rate swap, Bank of Montreal assigned $22.7 million of the swap to U.S. Bank, National Association, $20.5 million of the swap to Regions Bank, $27.9 million of the swap to SunTrust Bank, and $10.5 million of the swap to Associated Bank. See Note 9 (Debt) for additional information regarding the 2019 Facility. The swap will begin on November 9, 2020 and will mature on February 8, 2021. We have designated the interest rate swap as a cash flow hedge with the effective portion of the changes in fair value to be recorded in comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value, if any, will be recognized directly in earnings. The Company does not expect any amount of the existing gains or losses to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months.

On January 31, 2019, we, through our Operating Partnership, entered into an interest rate swap of $165 million with Bank of Montreal that fixed the LIBOR portion of Term Loan A under the 2019 Facility at 2.43%. Pursuant to the terms of the agreement governing the interest rate swap, Bank of Montreal assigned $32.6 million of the swap to U.S. Bank, National Association, $29.4 million of the swap to Regions Bank, $40.0 million of the swap to SunTrust Bank, and $15.0 million of the swap to Associated Bank. See Note 9 (Debt) for additional information regarding the 2019 Facility. The swap will begin on February 8, 2021 and will mature on January 31, 2024. We have designated the interest rate swap as a cash flow hedge with the effective portion of the changes in fair value to be recorded in comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value, if any, will be recognized directly in earnings. The Company does not expect any amount of the existing gains or losses to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months.

F- 33

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

On September 5, 2018, we, through our Operating Partnership, entered into an interest rate swap with Bank of America that fixed the LIBOR portion of the $9.6 million extension loan on the Whitestone Terravita Marketplace property at 2.85%. The swap began on September 25, 2018 and will mature on September 24, 2020. We have designated the interest rate swap as a cash flow hedge with the effective portion of the changes in fair value to be recorded in comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value, if any, will be recognized directly in earnings. The Company does not expect any amount of the existing gains or losses to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months.

On November 19, 2015, we, through our Operating Partnership, entered into an interest rate swap with Bank of Montreal that fixed the LIBOR portion of Term Loan 3 under the 2018 Facility at 1.73%. In the fourth quarter of 2015, pursuant to the terms of the agreement governing the interest rate swap, Bank of Montreal assigned $35.0 million of the swap to U.S. Bank, National Association, and $15.0 million of the swap to SunTrust Bank. See Note 9 for additional information regarding the 2018 Facility. The swap began on November 30, 2015 and will mature on October 28, 2022. We have designated the interest rate swap as a cash flow hedge with the effective portion of the changes in fair value to be recorded in comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value, if any, will be recognized directly in earnings. The Company does not expect any amount of the existing gains or losses to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months.

On November 19, 2015, we, through our Operating Partnership, entered into an interest rate swap with Bank of Montreal that fixed the LIBOR portion of Term Loan 1 under the 2018 Facility at 1.75%. In the fourth quarter of 2015, pursuant to the terms of the agreement governing the interest rate swap, Bank of Montreal assigned $3.8 million of the swap to Regions Bank, $6.5 million of the swap to U.S. Bank, National Association, $14.0 million of the swap to Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, $14.0 million of the swap to Bank of America, N.A., and $5.0 million of the swap to SunTrust Bank. See Note 9 for additional information regarding the 2018 Facility. The swap began on February 3, 2017 and will mature on October 30, 2020. We have designated the interest rate swap as a cash flow hedge with the effective portion of the changes in fair value to be recorded in comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value, if any, will be recognized directly in earnings. The Company does not expect any amount of the existing gains or losses to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months.

On November 19, 2015, we, through our Operating Partnership, entered into an interest rate swap with Bank of Montreal that fixed the LIBOR portion of Term Loan 2 under the 2018 Facility at 1.50%. In the fourth quarter of 2015, pursuant to the terms of the agreement governing the interest rate swap, Bank of Montreal assigned $3.8 million of the swap to Regions Bank, $6.5 million of the swap to U.S. Bank, National Association, $14.0 million of the swap to Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, $14.0 million of the swap to Bank of America, N.A., and $5.0 million of the swap to SunTrust Bank. See Note 9 for additional information regarding the 2018 Facility. The swap began on December 7, 2015 and will mature on January 29, 2021. We have designated the interest rate swap as a cash flow hedge with the effective portion of the changes in fair value to be recorded in comprehensive income and subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of the change in fair value, if any, will be recognized directly in earnings. The Company does not expect any amount of the existing gains or losses to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months.

A summary of our interest rate swap activity is as follows (in thousands):



	Amount Recognized as Comprehensive Income (Loss)			Location of Income (Loss) Recognized in Earnings	Amount of Income (Loss) Recognized in Earnings ⁽¹⁾
Year ended December 31, 2019	$	(9,828	)	Interest expense	$	1,036
Year ended December 31, 2018	$	1,192		Interest expense	$	646
Year ended December 31, 2017	$	2,022		Interest expense	$	(1,575	)


⁽¹⁾	There was no ineffective portion of our interest rate swaps recognized in earnings for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.

F- 34

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

11. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share for our common shareholders is calculated by dividing income from continuing operations excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares and the net income attributable to non-controlling interests by our weighted-average common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing the net income attributable to common shareholders excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares and the net income attributable to non-controlling interests by the weighted-average number of common shares including any dilutive unvested restricted shares.

Certain of our performance-based restricted common shares are considered participating securities, which require the use of the two-class method for the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share. During the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, 924,314, 1,011,268 and 1,088,292 OP units, respectively, were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because their effect would be anti-dilutive.

For the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, distributions of $41,000, $317,000 and $472,000, respectively, were made to the holders of certain restricted common shares, $0, $16,000, and $16,000 of which were charged against earnings, annually for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018, and 2017, respectively. See Note 15 for information related to restricted common shares under the 2008 Plan.

F- 35

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019



	Year Ended
	December 31,
(in thousands, except per share data)	2019			2018			2017
Numerator:
Income from continuing operations	$	23,634		$	21,981		$	8,588
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(511		)	(550		)	(254		)
Distributions paid on unvested restricted shares	(41		)	(301		)	(456		)
Income from continuing operations attributable to Whitestone REIT excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares	23,082			21,130			7,878
Income from discontinued operations	594			—			—
Less: Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests	(34		)	—			—
Income from discontinued operations attributable to Whitestone REIT	560			—			—
Net income attributable to common shareholders excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares	$	23,642		$	21,130		$	7,878

Denominator:
Weighted average number of common shares - basic	40,184			39,274			35,428
Effect of dilutive securities:
Unvested restricted shares	1,278			1,338			827
Weighted average number of common shares - dilutive	41,462			40,612			36,255

Earnings Per Share:
Basic:
Income from continuing operations attributable to Whitestone REIT excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares	$	0.57		$	0.54		$	0.22
Income from discontinued operations attributable to Whitestone REIT	0.02			0.00			0.00
Net income attributable to common shareholders excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares	$	0.59		$	0.54		$	0.22
Diluted:
Income from continuing operations attributable to Whitestone REIT excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares	$	0.56		$	0.52		$	0.22
Income from discontinued operations attributable to Whitestone REIT	0.01			0.00			0.00
Net income attributable to common shareholders excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares	$	0.57		$	0.52		$	0.22

12. FEDERAL INCOME TAXES

Federal income taxes are not provided because we intend to and believe we qualify as a REIT under the provisions of the Code and because we have distributed and intend to continue to distribute all of our taxable income to our shareholders. Our shareholders include their proportionate taxable income in their individual tax returns. As a REIT, we must distribute at least 90% of our real estate investment trust taxable income to our shareholders and meet certain income sources and investment restriction requirements. In addition, REITs are subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate tax rates.

Taxable income differs from net income for financial reporting purposes principally due to differences in the timing of recognition of interest, real estate taxes, depreciation and rental revenue.

F- 36

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

For federal income tax purposes, the cash distributions to shareholders are characterized as follows for the years ended December 31:



	2019		2018		2017
Ordinary income (unaudited)	28.6	%	39.1	%	15.3	%
Return of capital (unaudited)	19.4	%	26.5	%	84.7	%
Capital gain distributions (unaudited)	52.0	%	34.4	%	—
Total	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%

13. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Contribution. Mr. James C. Mastandrea, the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, also serves as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Pillarstone REIT and beneficially owns approximately 78.6% of the outstanding equity in Pillarstone REIT (when calculated in accordance with Rule 13d-3(d)(1) under the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)). Mr. John J. Dee, the Chief Operating Officer and Corporate Secretary of the Company, also serves as the Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Pillarstone REIT and beneficially owns approximately 26.8% of the outstanding equity in Pillarstone REIT (when calculated in accordance with Rule 13d-3(d)(1) under the Exchange Act). In addition, Mr. Paul T. Lambert, a Trustee of the Company, also serves as a Trustee of Pillarstone REIT. The Contribution is pursuant to the Company’s strategy of recycling capital by disposing of Non-Core Properties that do not fit the Company’s Community Centered Property^® strategy and the terms of the Contribution Agreement, the OP Unit Purchase Agreement, the Tax Protection Agreement and the Contribution were determined through arm’s-length negotiations. The Contribution was unanimously approved and recommended by a special committee of independent Trustees of the Company. See Note 5 for additional disclosure on the Contribution.

Pillarstone OP. For the periods prior to January 1, 2018, Pillarstone OP was accounted for under the profit-sharing method, and related party transactions between the Company and Pillarstone OP were eliminated. As a result of the adoption of Topic 606 and ASC 610 as of January 1, 2018, the Company derecognized the underlying assets and liabilities associated with the Contribution as of January 1, 2018 and recognized the Company’s investment in Pillarstone OP under the equity method.

During the ordinary course of business, we have transactions with Pillarstone OP that include, but are not limited to, rental income, interest expense, general and administrative costs, commissions, management and asset management fees, and property expenses.

The following table presents the revenue and expenses with Pillarstone OP included in our consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive income for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands):




	Location of Revenue (Expense)	2019			2018
Rent	Operating and maintenance	$	(813	)	$	(779	)
Property management fee income	Management, transaction, and other fees	$	856		$	1,008
Interest income	Interest, dividend and other investment income	$	171		$	582

On December 8, 2016, we received a $15.4 million financed receivable from Pillarstone OP to provide the financing for the ordinary course of business transactions for Pillarstone OP. The financed receivable has a interest rate of 1.4%-1.95% plus Libor and a maturity date of December 31, 2019. The financed receivable was paid off on October 17, 2019.

14. EQUITY

Under our declaration of trust, as amended, we have authority to issue up to 400 million common shares of beneficial interest, $0.001 par value per share, and up to 50 million preferred shares of beneficial interest, $0.001 par value per share.

F- 37

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

Equity Offerings

On May 31, 2019, we entered into nine equity distribution agreements for an at-the-market equity distribution program (the “2019 equity distribution agreements”) providing for the issuance and sale of up to an aggregate of $100 million of the Company’s common shares pursuant to our Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-225007). Actual sales will depend on a variety of factors determined by us from time to time, including (among others) market conditions, the trading price of our common shares, capital needs and our determinations of the appropriate sources of funding for us, and were made in transactions that will be deemed to be “at-the-market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act. We have no obligation to sell any of our common shares and can at any time suspend offers under the 2019 equity distribution agreements or terminate the 2019 equity distribution agreements. For the year ended December 31, 2019, we sold 1,612,389 common shares under the 2019 equity distribution agreements, with net proceeds to us of approximately $21.2 million. In connection with such sales, we paid compensation of approximately $324,000 to the sales agents.

On June 4, 2015, we entered into nine amended and restated equity distribution agreements (the “2015 equity distribution agreements”) for an at-the-market distribution program. Pursuant to the terms and conditions of the 2015 equity distribution agreements, we could issue and sell up to an aggregate of $50 million of our common shares pursuant to our Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-203727), which expired on April 29, 2018. Actual sales depended on a variety of factors determined by us from time to time, including (among others) market conditions, the trading price of our common shares, capital needs and our determinations of the appropriate sources of funding for us, and were made in transactions that will be deemed to be “at-the-market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act. We had no obligation to sell any of our common shares, and could at any time suspend offers under the 2015 equity distribution agreements or terminate the 2015 equity distribution agreements. For the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, we did not sell any common shares under the 2015 equity distribution agreements. For the year ended December 31, 2017, we sold 1,324,038 common shares under the 2015 equity distribution agreements, with net proceeds to us of approximately $18.6 million. In connection with such sales, we paid compensation of approximately $0.3 million to the sales agents.

Operating Partnership Units

Substantially all of our business is conducted through the Operating Partnership. We are the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. As of December 31, 2019, we owned a 97.9% interest in the Operating Partnership.

Limited partners in the Operating Partnership holding OP units have the right to redeem their OP units for cash or, at our option, common shares at a ratio of one OP unit for one common share. Distributions to OP unit holders are paid at the same rate per unit as distributions per share to Whitestone common shares. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, there were 42,279,849 and 40,585,688 OP units outstanding, respectively. We owned 41,371,277 and 39,657,207 OP units as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The balance of the OP units is owned by third parties, including certain trustees. Our weighted-average share ownership in the Operating Partnership was approximately 97.7%, 97.5% and 97.0% for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, 19,909 and 155,100 OP units, respectively, were redeemed for an equal number of common shares.

F- 38

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

Distributions

The following table reflects the total distributions we have paid (including the total amount paid and the amount paid per share) in each indicated quarter (in thousands, except per share data):



	Common Shares				Noncontrolling OP Unit Holders				Total
Quarter Paid	Distribution Per Common Share		Total Amount Paid		Distribution Per OP Unit		Total Amount Paid		Total Amount Paid
2019
Fourth Quarter	$	0.2850	$	11,580	$	0.2850	$	262	$	11,842
Third Quarter	0.2850		11,430		0.2850		264		11,694
Second Quarter	0.2850		11,316		0.2850		265		11,581
First Quarter	0.2850		11,301		0.2850		264		11,565
Total	$	1.1400	$	45,627	$	1.1400	$	1,055	$	46,682

2018
Fourth Quarter	$	0.2850	$	11,302	$	0.2850	$	265	$	11,567
Third Quarter	0.2850		11,294		0.2850		286		11,580
Second Quarter	0.2850		11,203		0.2850		295		11,498
First Quarter	0.2850		11,145		0.2850		309		11,454
Total	$	1.1400	$	44,944	$	1.1400	$	1,155	$	46,099

15. INCENTIVE SHARE PLAN

On July 29, 2008, our shareholders approved the 2008 Plan. On December 22, 2010, our board of trustees amended the 2008 Plan to allow for awards in or related to Class B common shares pursuant to the 2008 Plan. On June 27, 2012, our Class B common shares were redesignated as “common shares.” The 2008 Plan, as amended, provides that awards may be made with respect to common shares of Whitestone or OP units, which may be redeemed for cash or, at our option, common shares of Whitestone. The maximum aggregate number of common shares that may be issued under the 2008 Plan is increased upon each issuance of common shares by Whitestone so that at any time the maximum number of common shares that may be issued under the 2008 Plan shall equal 12.5% of the aggregate number of common shares of Whitestone and OP units issued and outstanding (other than shares and/or units issued to or held by Whitestone).

The Compensation Committee of our board of trustees administers the 2008 Plan, except with respect to awards to non-employee trustees, for which the 2008 Plan is administered by our board of trustees. The Compensation Committee is authorized to grant share options, including both incentive share options and non-qualified share options, as well as share appreciation rights, either with or without a related option. The Compensation Committee is also authorized to grant restricted common shares, restricted common share units, performance awards and other share-based awards.

On April 2, 2014, the Compensation Committee approved the modification of the vesting provisions with respect to awards of an aggregate of 633,704 restricted common shares and restricted common share units for certain of our employees. The modified time-based shares vested annually in three equal installments. The modified performance-based restricted common shares and restricted common share units were modified to include performance-based vesting based on achievement of certain absolute financial goals, as well as one to two years of time-based vesting post achievement of financial goals. Continued employment is required through the applicable vesting date. Additionally, 2,049,116 restricted performance-based common share units were granted with the same vesting conditions as the modified performance-based grants described above. The performance targets were not met prior to December 31, 2018, any unvested performance-based restricted common shares and restricted common share units were forfeited due to the performance targets not being met.

The Compensation Committee approved the grant of an aggregate of 320,000 and 143,000 time-based restricted common share units on June 30, 2016 and 2015, respectively, to James C. Mastandrea and David K. Holeman.

F- 39

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

On September 6, 2017, the Compensation Committee approved the grant of an aggregate of 267,783 performance-based restricted common share units under the 2008 Plan with market-based vesting conditions (the “TSR Units”) to certain of our employees. Vesting is contingent upon achieving Total Shareholder Return relative to the peer group defined in the TSR Unit award agreements over a three-year performance period. At the end of the performance period, the number of common shares awarded for each vested TSR Unit will be 200% based on the Company’s ranking in the peer group (the “TSR Peer Group Ranking”). Continued employment is required through the vesting date. The grant date fair value for each TSR Unit of $12.37 was determined using the Monte Carlo simulation method and is being recognized as share-based compensation expense ratably from the September 30, 2017 grant date to the end of the performance period, December 31, 2019. The Monte Carlo simulation model utilizes multiple input variables that determine the probability of satisfying the market condition stipulated in the award grant and calculates the fair value of the award. Expected volatilities utilized in the model were estimated using a historical period consistent with the performance period of approximately three years. The risk-free interest rate was based on the United States Treasury rate for a term commensurate with the expected life of the grant. On January 1, 2020, the remaining unvested 247,978 TSR units that were granted on September 6, 2017 vested at 200% achievement into 495,956 common shares.

On September 6, 2017, the Compensation Committee approved the grant of an aggregate of 965,000 performance-based restricted common share units under the 2008 Plan which only vest immediately prior to the consummation of a Change in Control (as defined in the 2008 Plan) that occurs on or before September 30, 2024 (the “CIC Units”) to certain of our employees. Continued employment is required through the vesting date. If a Change in Control does not occur on or before September 30, 2024, the CIC Units shall be immediately forfeited. The Company considers a Change in Control on or before September 30, 2024 to be improbable, and no expense has been recognized for the CIC Units. If a Change in Control occurs, any outstanding CIC Units would be expensed immediately on the date of the Change in Control using the grant date fair value. The grant date fair value for each CIC Unit of $13.05 was determined based on the Company’s closing share price on the grant date.

At the Company’s annual meeting of shareholders on May 11, 2017, its shareholders voted to approve the 2018 Long-Term Equity Incentive Ownership Plan (the “2018 Plan”). The 2018 Plan provides for the issuance of up to 3,433,831 common shares and OP units pursuant to awards under the 2018 Plan. The 2018 Plan became effective on July 30, 2018, which was the day after the 2008 Plan expired.

The Compensation Committee administers the 2018 Plan, except with respect to awards to non-employee trustees, for which the 2018 Plan is administered by the Board of Trustees. The Compensation Committee is authorized to grant share options, including both incentive share options and non-qualified share options, as well as share appreciation rights, either with or without a related option. The Compensation Committee is also authorized to grant restricted common shares, restricted common share units, performance awards and other share-based awards

On December 1, 2018, the Compensation Committee approved the grant of an aggregate of 229,684 TSR Units under the 2018 Plan to certain of our employees. Vesting is contingent upon achieving Total Shareholder Return relative to the peer group defined in the TSR Unit award agreements over a three-year performance period. At the end of the performance period, the number of common shares awarded for each vested TSR Unit will vary from 0% to 200% depending on the Company’s TSR Peer Group Ranking. Continued employment is required through the vesting date. The grant date fair value for each TSR Unit of $14.89 was determined using the Monte Carlo simulation method and is being recognized as share-based compensation expense ratably from the December 1, 2018 grant date to the end of the performance period, December 31, 2020. The Monte Carlo simulation model utilizes multiple input variables that determine the probability of satisfying the market condition stipulated in the award grant and calculates the fair value of the award. Expected volatilities utilized in the model were estimated using a historical period consistent with the performance period of approximately three years. The risk-free interest rate was based on the United States Treasury rate for a term commensurate with the expected life of the grant.

On June 30, 2019, the Compensation Committee approved the grant of an aggregate of 405,417 TSR Units and 317,184 time-based restricted common share units under the 2018 Plan to certain of our employees. On September 30, 2019, the Compensation Committee approved the grant of 17,069 time-based restricted common share units under the 2018 Plan to certain of our employees. Vesting of the TSR Units is contingent upon achieving Total Shareholder Return relative to the peer group defined in the TSR Unit award agreements over a three-year performance period. At the end of the performance period, the number of common shares awarded for each vested TSR Unit will vary from 0% to 200% depending on the Company’s

F- 40

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

TSR Peer Group Ranking. Continued employment is required through the vesting date. The grant date fair value for each TSR Unit of $8.22 was determined using the Monte Carlo simulation method and is being recognized as share-based compensation expense ratably from the June 30, 2019 grant date to the end of the performance period, December 31, 2021. The Monte Carlo simulation model utilizes multiple input variables that determine the probability of satisfying the market condition stipulated in the award grant and calculates the fair value of the award. Expected volatilities utilized in the model were estimated using a historical period consistent with the performance period of approximately three years. The risk-free interest rate was based on the United States Treasury rate for a term commensurate with the expected life of the grant. The time-based restricted common share units have a grant date fair value of $10.63 and $11.69 and vest annually in three equal installments for the June 30, 2019 and September 30, 2019 grants, respectively.

A summary of the share-based incentive plan activity as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019 is as follows:



	Shares		Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value ⁽¹⁾
Non-vested at January 1, 2019	1,923,382		$	12.41
Granted	762,630		9.46
Vested	(284,964	)	11.76
Forfeited	(61,116	)	12.62
Non-vested at December 31, 2019	2,339,932		$	11.52
Available for grant at December 31, 2019	1,792,528


⁽¹⁾	The fair value of the shares granted were determined based on observable market transactions occurring near the date of the grants.

A summary of our nonvested and vested shares activity for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 is presented below:



	Shares Granted			Shares Vested
Year Ended	Non-Vested Shares Issued	Weighted-Average Grant-Date Fair Value		Vested Shares		Total Vest-Date Fair Value
						(in thousands)
Year Ended December 31, 2019	762,630	$	9.46	(284,964	)	$	3,352
Year Ended December 31, 2018	653,472	$	11.07	(560,126	)	$	7,978
Year Ended December 31, 2017	1,354,534	$	12.92	(881,710	)	$	12,829

Total compensation recognized in earnings for share-based payments for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $6.5 million, $6.8 million and $10.4 million, respectively.

Based on our current financial projections, we expect 100% of the unvested awards, exclusive of 895,000 CIC Units, to vest over the next 33 months. As of December 31, 2019, there was approximately $4.2 million in unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding non-vested TSR Units, which are expected to vest over a period of 24 months and approximately $4.2 million in unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding non-vested time-based shares, which are expected to be recognized over a period of approximately 33 months beginning on January 1, 2020.

F- 41

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

We expect to record approximately $8.4 million in share-based compensation subsequent to the year ended December 31, 2019. The unrecognized share-based compensation cost is expected to vest over a weighted average period of 23 months. The dilutive impact of the performance-based shares will be included in the denominator of the earnings per share calculation beginning in the period that the performance conditions are expected to be met. The dilutive impact of the TSR Units is based on the Company’s TSR Peer Group Ranking as of the reporting date and weighted according to the number of days outstanding in the period. As of December 31, 2019, the TSR Peer Group Ranking called for 200%, 100%, and 50% attainment of the TSR Units granted in 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. The dilutive impact of the CIC Units is based on the probability of a Change in Control. Because the Company considers a Change in Control on or before September 30, 2024 to be improbable, no CIC Units are included in the Company’s dilutive shares.

F- 42

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

16. GRANTS TO TRUSTEES

On December 12, 2019, each of our six independent trustees and one trustee emeritus were granted approximately 3,000 common shares, which vest immediately and are prorated based on date appointed. The 19,562 common shares granted to our trustees had a grant fair value of $13.54 per share. On December 12, 2019, two of our independent trustees each elected to receive a total of 3,398 common shares with a grant date fair value of $13.54 in lieu of cash for board fees. The fair value of the shares granted during the year ended December 31, 2019 was determined using quoted prices available on the date of grant.

On December 28, 2018, each of our six independent trustees and one trustee emeritus were granted 3,000 common shares, which vest immediately and are prorated based on date appointed. The 21,000 common shares granted to our trustees had a grant fair value of $12.42 per share. On December 28, 2018, two of our independent trustees each elected to receive a total of 4,186 common shares with a grant date fair value of $12.42 in lieu of cash for board fees. The fair value of the shares granted during the year ended December 31, 2018 was determined using quoted prices available on the date of grant.

On December 12, 2017, each of our six independent trustees and one trustee emeritus were granted approximately 3,000 common shares, which vest immediately and are prorated based on date appointed. The 16,281 common shares granted to our trustees had a grant fair value of $14.46 per share. On December 12, 2017, three of our independent trustees each elected to receive a total of 2,320 common shares with a grant date fair value of $14.46 in lieu of cash for board fees. The fair value of the shares granted during the year ended December 31, 2017 was determined using quoted prices available on the date of grant.

17. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

We are subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. These matters are generally covered by insurance. While the resolution of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, management believes the final outcome of such matters will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, results of operations, cash flows or liquidity.

On April 16, 2019, a purported shareholder of the Company filed a class action lawsuit in the United States District Court for the Southern District of Texas against the Company, James C. Mastandrea, and David K. Holeman, entitled Clark v. Whitestone REIT, et al., Case 4:19-cv-01379. A second class action lawsuit was filed but was consolidated into the Clark case. The complaint alleges, among other things, that the Company and the individual defendants violated certain federal securities laws by making materially false and misleading statements in the Company’s Forms 10-Q for the first three quarterly periods of the year ended December 31, 2018 as a result of the accounting errors that required the restatement of our consolidated financial statements for the first three quarterly periods of the year ended December 31, 2018. The purported class period runs from May 9, 2018 through February 27, 2019. The complaint sought, among other things, compensatory damages in an amount to be proven at trial, plus interest, attorneys’ fees, and costs. In August 2019, the complainants in these purported class actions withdrew their claims, and the Court issued an order dismissing them with prejudice. On July 17, 2019, the Company received a demand letter from a purported shareholder containing allegations similar to those contained in the purported class actions. Subsequent to the dismissal of the purported class actions, in September 2019, counsel for the purported shareholder withdrew its demand.

18. SEGMENT INFORMATION

Our management historically has not differentiated by property types and therefore does not present segment information.

F- 43

WHITESTONE REIT AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

December 31, 2019

19. SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (unaudited)

The following is a summary of our unaudited quarterly financial information for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 (in thousands, except per share data):



	First		Second		Third		Fourth
	Quarter		Quarter		Quarter		Quarter
2019
Revenues	$	29,694	$	29,578	$	29,879	$	30,100
Net income	$	2,839	$	3,404	$	1,849	$	16,136
Net income attributable to Whitestone REIT	$	2,774	$	3,327	$	1,807	$	15,776
Basic Earnings per share:
Income from continuing operations attributable to Whitestone REIT, excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares⁽¹⁾	$	0.07	$	0.06	$	0.04	$	0.39
Income from discontinued operations attributable to Whitestone REIT⁽¹⁾	0.00		0.02		0.00		0.00
Net income attributable to common shareholders, excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares⁽¹⁾	$	0.07	$	0.08	$	0.04	$	0.39
Diluted Earnings per share:
Income from continuing operations attributable to Whitestone REIT, excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares⁽¹⁾	$	0.07	$	0.06	$	0.04	$	0.38
Income from discontinued operations attributable to Whitestone REIT⁽¹⁾	0.00		0.02		0.00		(0.01		)
Net income attributable to common shareholders, excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares⁽¹⁾	$	0.07	$	0.08	$	0.04	$	0.37

2018
Revenues	$	29,785	$	29,473	$	30,704	$	29,901
Net income	$	3,269	$	2,005	$	8,033	$	8,674
Net income attributable to Whitestone REIT	$	3,181	$	1,954	$	7,835	$	8,457
Basic Earnings per share:
Net income attributable to common shareholders excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares ⁽¹⁾	$	0.08	$	0.05	$	0.20	$	0.21
Diluted Earnings per share:
Net income attributable to common shareholders excluding amounts attributable to unvested restricted shares ⁽¹⁾	$	0.08	$	0.05	$	0.19	$	0.21


⁽¹⁾	The sum of individual quarterly basic and diluted earnings per share amounts may not agree with the year-to-date basic and diluted earning per share amounts as the result of each period’s computation being based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during that period.

20. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Management evaluated subsequent events through March 2, 2020, which was the date the financial statements were available to be issued, and determined that there are no subsequent events to be reported.

F- 44

Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries

Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

December 31, 2019



	(in thousands)
	Balance at				Deductions			Balance at
	Beginning				from			End of
Description	of Year		Charges⁽¹⁾		Reserves			Year
Allowance for doubtful accounts:
Year ended December 31, 2019	$	9,746	$	1,484	$	(57	)	$	11,173
Year ended December 31, 2018	8,608		1,391		(253		)	9,746
Year ended December 31, 2017	7,133		2,340		(865		)	8,608

⁽¹⁾For the year ended December 31, 2019, charges were reductions to revenue. For the years ended December, 31 2018 and 2017, charges were additions to costs and expense.

F- 45

Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

December 31, 2019



					Costs Capitalized Subsequent					Gross Amount at which Carried at
	Initial Cost (in thousands)				to Acquisition (in thousands)					End of Period(in thousands)^{(1) (2)}
			Building and		Improvements			Carrying				Building and
Property Name	Land		Improvements		(net)			Costs		Land		Improvements		Total
Whitestone Properties:
Ahwatukee Plaza	$	5,126	$	4,086	$	365		$	—	$	5,126	$	4,451	$	9,577
Anthem Marketplace	4,790		17,973		1,722			—		4,790		19,695		24,485
Anthem Marketplace Phase II	204		—		492			—		204		492		696
Bissonnet Beltway	415		1,947		484			—		415		2,431		2,846
BLVD Place	63,893		90,942		1,507			—		63,893		92,449		156,342
The Citadel	472		1,777		2,900			—		472		4,677		5,149
City View Village	2,044		4,149		108			—		2,044		4,257		6,301
Davenport Village	11,367		34,101		1,279			—		11,367		35,380		46,747
Desert Canyon	1,976		1,704		2,566			—		1,976		4,270		6,246
Eldorado Plaza	16,551		30,746		250			—		16,551		30,996		47,547
Fountain Hills Plaza	5,113		15,340		255			—		5,113		15,595		20,708
Fountain Square	5,573		9,828		2,327			—		5,573		12,155		17,728
Fulton Ranch Towne Center	7,604		22,612		2,515			—		7,604		25,127		32,731
Gilbert Tuscany Village	1,767		3,233		1,599			—		1,767		4,832		6,599
Gilbert Tuscany Village Hard Corner	856		794		169			—		856		963		1,819
Heritage Trace Plaza	6,209		13,821		622			—		6,209		14,443		20,652
Headquarters Village	7,171		18,439		1,363			—		7,171		19,802		26,973
Keller Place	5,977		7,577		790			—		5,977		8,367		14,344
Kempwood Plaza	733		1,798		2,076			—		733		3,874		4,607
La Mirada	12,853		24,464		1,166			—		12,853		25,630		38,483
Las Colinas Village	16,706		18,098		(167		)	—		16,706		17,931		34,637
Lion Square	1,546		4,289		4,573			—		1,546		8,862		10,408
The Marketplace at Central	1,305		5,324		1,337			—		1,305		6,661		7,966
Market Street at DC Ranch	9,710		26,779		6,786			—		9,710		33,565		43,275
Mercado at Scottsdale Ranch	8,728		12,560		1,553			—		8,728		14,113		22,841
Paradise Plaza	6,155		10,221		1,356			—		6,155		11,577		17,732
Parkside Village North	3,877		8,629		199			—		3,877		8,828		12,705
Parkside Village South	5,562		27,154		424			—		5,562		27,578		33,140
Pima Norte	1,086		7,162		2,748			—		1,086		9,910		10,996
Pinnacle of Scottsdale	6,648		22,466		1,885			—		6,648		24,351		30,999
Pinnacle of Scottsdale Phase II	883		4,659		2,722			—		883		7,381		8,264
The Promenade at Fulton Ranch	5,198		13,367		681			—		5,198		14,048		19,246
Providence	918		3,675		2,931			—		918		6,606		7,524
Quinlan Crossing	9,561		28,683		732			—		9,561		29,415		38,976
Seville	6,913		25,518		637			—		6,913		26,155		33,068
Shaver	184		633		101			—		184		734		918
Shops at Pecos Ranch	3,781		15,123		792			—		3,781		15,915		19,696
Shops at Starwood	4,093		11,487		529			—		4,093		12,016		16,109
Shops at Starwood Phase III	1,818		7,069		2,168			1,153		1,818		10,390		12,208
The Shops at Williams Trace	5,920		14,297		759			—		5,920		15,056		20,976
South Richey	778		2,584		1,960			—		778		4,544		5,322
Spoerlein Commons	2,340		7,296		940			—		2,340		8,236		10,576
The Strand at Huebner Oaks	5,805		12,335		817			—		5,805		13,152		18,957
SugarPark Plaza	1,781		7,125		1,337			—		1,781		8,462		10,243
Sunridge	276		1,186		532			—		276		1,718		1,994
Sunset at Pinnacle Peak	3,610		2,734		756			—		3,610		3,490		7,100
Terravita Marketplace	7,171		9,392		1,086			—		7,171		10,478		17,649
Town Park	850		2,911		450			—		850		3,361		4,211

F- 46

Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

December 31, 2019



					Costs Capitalized Subsequent				Gross Amount at which Carried at
	Initial Cost (in thousands)				to Acquisition (in thousands)				End of Period(in thousands)^{(1) (2)}
			Building and		Improvements		Carrying				Building and
Property Name	Land		Improvements		(net)		Costs		Land		Improvements		Total
Village Square at Dana Park	10,877		40,250		3,804		—		10,877		44,054		54,931
Westchase	423		1,751		3,281		—		423		5,032		5,455
Williams Trace Plaza	6,800		14,003		1,696		—		6,800		15,699		22,499
Windsor Park	2,621		10,482		8,592		—		2,621		19,074		21,695
Woodlake Plaza	1,107		4,426		3,125		—		1,107		7,551		8,658
Total Whitestone Properties	$	305,725	$	688,999	$	85,677	$	1,153	$	305,725	$	775,829	$	1,081,554

Land Held for Development:
BLVD Place Phase II-B	10,500		—		15		1,939		10,500		1,954		12,454
Dana Park Development	4,000		—		25		—		4,000		25		4,025
Eldorado Plaza Development	911		—		30		—		911		30		941
Fountain Hills	277		—		—		—		277		—		277
Market Street at DC Ranch	704		—		—		—		704		—		704
Total - Land Held for Development	$	16,392	$	—	$	70	$	1,939	$	16,392	$	2,009	$	18,401

Grand Totals - Whitestone Properties	$	322,117	$	688,999	$	85,747	$	3,092	$	322,117	$	777,838	$	1,099,955

F- 47

Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

December 31, 2019

Accumulated Depreciation

Date of

Date

Depreciation

Property Name

Encumbrances

(in thousands)

Construction

Acquired

Life

Whitestone Properties:

Ahwatukee Plaza

943

8/16/2011

5-39 years

Anthem Marketplace

(3)

3,206

6/28/2013

5-39 years

Anthem Marketplace Phase II

3/1/2019

5-39 years

Bissonnet Beltway

1,958

1/1/1999

5-39 years

BLVD Place

(4)

6,245

5/26/2017

5-39 years

The Citadel

2,042

9/28/2010

5-39 years

City View Village

537

3/31/2015

5-39 years

Davenport Village

4,548

5/27/2015

5-39 years

Desert Canyon

802

4/13/2011

5-39 years

Eldorado Plaza

2,091

5/3/2017

5-39 years

Fountain Hills Plaza

2,589

10/7/2013

5-39 years

Fountain Square

2,758

9/21/2012

5-39 years

Fulton Ranch Towne Center

3,259

11/5/2014

5-39 years

Gilbert Tuscany Village

1,762

6/28/2011

5-39 years

Gilbert Tuscany Village Hard Corner

128

8/28/2015

5-39 years

Heritage Trace Plaza

2,152

7/1/2014

5-39 years

Headquarters Village

(5)

3,699

3/28/2013

5-39 years

Keller Place

964

8/26/2015

5-39 years

Kempwood Plaza

1,808

2/2/1999

5-39 years

La Mirada

2,264

9/30/2016

5-39 years

Las Colinas Village

12/6/2019

5-39 years

Lion Square

5,235

1/1/2000

5-39 years

The Marketplace at Central

1,956

11/1/2010

5-39 years

Market Street at DC Ranch

6,932

12/5/2013

5-39 years

Mercado at Scottsdale Ranch

2,602

6/19/2013

5-39 years

Paradise Plaza

2,517

8/8/2012

5-39 years

Parkside Village North

1,068

7/2/2015

5-39 years

Parkside Village South

3,195

7/2/2015

5-39 years

Pima Norte

3,166

10/4/2007

5-39 years

Pinnacle of Scottsdale

(6)

5,391

12/22/2011

5-39 years

Pinnacle of Scottsdale Phase II

934

3/31/2017

5-39 years

The Promenade at Fulton Ranch

1,951

11/5/2014

5-39 years

Providence

2,510

3/30/2001

5-39 years

Quinlan Crossing

3,366

8/26/2015

5-39 years

Seville

2,245

9/30/2016

5-39 years

Shaver

389

12/17/1999

5-39 years

Shops at Pecos Ranch

(7)

3,074

12/28/2012

5-39 years

Shops at Starwood

(8)

2,568

12/28/2011

5-39 years

Shops at Starwood Phase III

1,121

12/31/2016

5-39 years

The Shops at Williams Trace

2,027

12/24/2014

5-39 years

South Richey

2,572

8/25/1999

5-39 years

Spoerlein Commons

2,391

1/16/2009

5-39 years

The Strand at Huebner Oaks

1,854

9/19/2014

5-39 years

SugarPark Plaza

3,265

9/8/2004

5-39 years

Sunridge

889

1/1/2002

5-39 years

Sunset at Pinnacle Peak

882

5/29/2012

5-39 years

Terravita Marketplace

(9)

2,389

8/8/2011

5-39 years

Town Park

2,225

1/1/1999

5-39 years

F- 48

Whitestone REIT and Subsidiaries

Schedule III - Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

December 31, 2019

Accumulated Depreciation

Date of

Date

Depreciation

Property Name

Encumbrances

(in thousands)

Construction

Acquired

Life

Village Square at Dana Park

(10)

8,776

9/21/2012

5-39 years

Westchase

2,365

1/1/2002

5-39 years

Williams Trace Plaza

1,937

12/24/2014

5-39 years

Windsor Park

9,419

12/16/2003

5-39 years

Woodlake Plaza

2,919

3/14/2005

5-39 years

137,933

Land Held for Development:

BLVD Place Phase II-B

—

5/26/2017

Land - Not Depreciated

Dana Park Development

—

9/21/2012

Land - Not Depreciated

Eldorado Plaza Development

—

12/29/2017

Land - Not Depreciated

Fountain Hills

—

10/7/2013

Land - Not Depreciated

Market Street at DC Ranch

—

12/5/2013

Land - Not Depreciated

Total - Land Held For Development

—

Grand Totals - Whitestone Properties

137,933


⁽¹⁾	Reconciliations of total real estate carrying value for the three years ended December 31, follows (in thousands):



	2019			2018			2017
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,052,238		$	1,149,454		$	920,310
Cumulative effect of accounting change for adoption of ASU 2017-05.	—			(95,146		)	—
Additions during the period:
Acquisitions	34,804			—			213,545
Improvements	13,474			11,638			17,575
	48,278			(83,508		)	231,120
Deductions - cost of real estate sold or retired	(561		)	(13,708		)	(1,976		)
Balance at close of period	$	1,099,955		$	1,052,238		$	1,149,454


⁽²⁾	The aggregate cost of real estate for federal income tax purposes is $1,100,000.


⁽³⁾	This property secures a $15.1 million mortgage note.


⁽⁴⁾	This property secures a $80.0 million mortgage note.


⁽⁵⁾	This property secures a $19.0 million mortgage note.


⁽⁶⁾	This property secures a $14.1 million mortgage note.


⁽⁷⁾	This property secures a $14.0 million mortgage note.


⁽⁸⁾	This property secures a $14.3 million mortgage note.


⁽⁹⁾	This property secures a $10.5 million mortgage note.


⁽¹⁰⁾	A portions of this property secures a $2.6 million mortgage note.

F- 49