Wingstop Inc. - Quarter Report: 2023 July (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark one)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended July 1, 2023


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____ to _____

Commission File No. 001-37425

WINGSTOP INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware						47-3494862
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(IRS Employer Identification No.)


15505 Wright Brothers Drive
Addison, Texas						75001
(Address of principal executive offices)						(Zip Code)

(972) 686-6500

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share	WING	NASDAQ Global Select Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. x Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). x Yes ¨ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

☐

Non-accelerated filer

☐

Smaller reporting company

☐

Emerging growth company

☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes x No

On August 1, 2023 there were 29,977,614 shares of common stock outstanding.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


		Page
PART I	Financial Information	4
Item 1.	Financial Statements	4
	Consolidated Balance Sheets - July 1, 2023 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2022	4
	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Unaudited) - Thirteen and Twenty-s ix Weeks Ended July 1, 2023 and June 25, 2022	5

	Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit (Unaudited) - Thirteen and Twenty-s ix Weeks Ended July 1, 2023 and June 25 , 2022	6
	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - Twenty-s ix Weeks Ended July 1, 2023 and June 2 5 , 2022	8
	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)	10
Item 2.	Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	15
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	29
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	30

PART II	Other Information	31
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	31
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	31
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	31
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	31
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	31
Item 5.	Other Information	31
Item 6.	Exhibits	32
	Signatures	33

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

WINGSTOP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(amounts in thousands, except share and par value amounts)


	July 1, 2023		December 31, 2022
	(Unaudited)
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	188,500	$	184,496
Restricted cash	11,444		13,296
Accounts receivable, net	10,747		9,461
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	5,548		4,252
Advertising fund assets, restricted	21,944		15,167
Total current assets	238,183		226,672
Property and equipment, net	78,570		66,851
Goodwill	65,175		62,514
Trademarks	32,700		32,700
Customer relationships, net	8,378		9,015
Other non-current assets	28,211		26,438
Total assets	$	451,217	$	424,190
Liabilities and stockholders' deficit
Current liabilities
Accounts payable	$	6,112	$	5,219
Other current liabilities	30,732		34,726
Current portion of debt	—		7,300
Advertising fund liabilities	21,944		15,167
Total current liabilities	58,788		62,412
Long-term debt, net	711,411		706,846
Deferred revenues, net of current	28,296		27,052
Deferred income tax liabilities, net	3,150		4,180
Other non-current liabilities	14,923		14,561
Total liabilities	816,568		815,051
Commitments and contingencies (see Note 7)
Stockholders' deficit
Common stock, $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 29,977,614 and 29,932,668 shares issued and outstanding as of July 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively	300		300
Additional paid-in-capital	2,038		2,797
Retained deficit	(367,327)		(393,321)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(362)		(637)
Total stockholders' deficit	(365,351)		(390,861)
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit	$	451,217	$	424,190

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

WINGSTOP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income

(amounts in thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)


	Thirteen Weeks Ended				Twenty-Six Weeks Ended
	July 1, 2023		June 25, 2022		July 1, 2023		June 25, 2022
Revenue:
Royalty revenue, franchise fees and other	$	47,984	$	36,044	$	96,172	$	71,114
Advertising fees	36,596		28,987		74,059		51,526
Company-owned restaurant sales	22,593		18,746		45,663		37,342
Total revenue	107,173		83,777		215,894		159,982
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales (1)	16,642		14,899		33,337		30,573
Advertising expenses	38,729		29,685		78,372		52,852
Selling, general and administrative	22,128		13,949		45,773		32,035
Depreciation and amortization	3,218		2,547		6,207		4,774
Loss on disposal of assets	—		323		77		767
Total costs and expenses	80,717		61,403		163,766		121,001
Operating income	26,456		22,374		52,128		38,981
Interest expense, net	4,244		5,986		8,817		10,178
Loss on debt extinguishment	—		—		—		814
Other (income) expense	(46)		26		142		91
Income before income tax expense	22,258		16,362		43,169		27,898
Income tax expense	6,077		3,055		11,319		5,915
Net income	$	16,181	$	13,307	$	31,850	$	21,983

Earnings per share
Basic	$	0.54	$	0.45	$	1.06	$	0.74
Diluted	$	0.54	$	0.44	$	1.06	$	0.73

Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic	29,972		29,882		29,959		29,866
Diluted	30,049		29,914		30,043		29,944

Dividends per share	$	0.19	$	0.17	$	0.38	$	4.34

Other comprehensive income (loss)
Currency translation adjustment	$	128	$	(271)	$	276	$	(337)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	128		(271)		276		(337)
Comprehensive income	$	16,309	$	13,036	$	32,126	$	21,646

(1) Cost of sales includes all operating expenses of company-owned restaurants, including advertising expenses, and excludes depreciation and amortization, which are presented separately.

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

WINGSTOP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Deficit

For the Twenty-Six Weeks Ended June 25, 2022

(amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)


	Common Stock
	Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders’ Deficit
Balance at December 25, 2021	29,837,454	$	299	$	463	$	(310,031)	$	(256)	$	(309,525)

Net income	—	—		—		8,676		—		8,676
Shares issued under stock plans	41,289	—		125		—		—		125
Tax payments for restricted stock upon vesting	(1,923)	—		—		(298)		—		(298)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		2,191		—		—		2,191
Dividends declared on common stock and equivalents	—	—		(2,370)		(122,960)		—		(125,330)
Currency translation adjustment	—	—		—		—		(66)		(66)
Balance at March 26, 2022	29,876,820	299		409		(424,613)		(322)		(424,227)
Net income	—	—		—		13,307		—		13,307
Shares issued under stock plans	37,594	—		1,838		—		—		1,838
Tax payments for restricted stock upon vesting	(46)	—		—		(4)		—		(4)
Stock-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures	—	—		(1,601)		—		—		(1,601)
Dividends declared on common stock and equivalents	—	—		—		(4,512)		—		(4,512)
Currency translation adjustment	—	—		—		—		(271)		(271)
Balance at June 25, 2022	29,914,368	$	299	$	646	$	(415,822)	$	(593)	$	(415,470)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

WINGSTOP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Deficit

For the Twenty-Six Weeks Ended July 1, 2023

(amounts in thousands, except share data)

(Unaudited)


	Common Stock
	Shares	Amount		Additional Paid-In Capital		Retained Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss		Total Stockholders’ Deficit
Balance at December 31, 2022	29,932,668	$	300	$	2,797	$	(393,321)	$	(637)	$	(390,861)
Net income	—	—		—		15,669		—		15,669
Shares issued under stock plans	49,817	—		111		—		—		111
Tax payments for restricted stock upon vesting	(13,613)	—		—		(2,292)		—		(2,292)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		3,345		—		—		3,345
Dividends declared on common stock and equivalents	—	—		(5,444)		(465)		—		(5,909)
Currency translation adjustment	—	—		—		—		147		147
Balance at April 1, 2023	29,968,872	300		809		(380,409)		(490)		(379,790)
Net income	—	—		—		16,181		—		16,181
Shares issued under stock plans	9,084	—		362		—		—		362
Tax payments for restricted stock upon vesting	(342)	—		—		(69)		—		(69)
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		3,546		—		—		3,546
Dividends declared on common stock and equivalents	—	—		(2,679)		(3,030)		—		(5,709)
Currency translation adjustment	—	—		—		—		128		128
Balance at July 1, 2023	29,977,614	$	300	$	2,038	$	(367,327)	$	(362)	$	(365,351)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

WINGSTOP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(amounts in thousands)

(Unaudited)


	Twenty-Six Weeks Ended
	July 1, 2023		June 25, 2022

Operating activities
Net income	$	31,850	$	21,983
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	6,207		4,774
Deferred income taxes	(1,030)		(1,534)
Stock-based compensation expense	6,891		590
Loss on disposal of assets	77		767
Amortization of debt issuance costs	1,021		879
Loss on debt extinguishment	—		814
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(1,286)		(241)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(4)		(1,173)
Advertising fund assets and liabilities, net	6,235		5,814
Accounts payable and other current liabilities	(3,528)		(2,216)
Deferred revenue	1,442		(844)
Other non-current liabilities	92		(149)
Cash provided by operating activities	47,967		29,464

Investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(17,002)		(12,695)
Acquisition of restaurants from franchisee	(4,396)		—
Proceeds from sales of assets	—		3,637
Payments for investments	(808)		—
Cash used in investing activities	(22,206)		(9,058)

Financing activities

Proceeds from exercise of stock options	473		1,963
Borrowings of long-term debt	—		250,000
Repayments of long-term debt	(3,650)		—
Payment of deferred financing costs and other debt-related costs	—		(5,442)
Tax payments for restricted stock upon vesting	(2,361)		(302)
Dividends paid	(11,836)		(129,906)
Cash provided by (used in) financing activities	(17,374)		116,313

Net increase in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	8,387		136,719
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period	205,715		54,906
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period	$	214,102	$	191,625

Supplemental information:
Accrued capital expenditures	$	4,179	$	6,831

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

WINGSTOP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(1) Basis of Presentation and Update to Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of operations. Wingstop Inc., together with its consolidated subsidiaries (collectively, “Wingstop” or the “Company”), is in the business of franchising and operating Wingstop restaurants. As of July 1, 2023, the Company had a total of 2,046 restaurants in its system. The Company’s restaurant base is approximately 98% franchised, with 2,001 franchised locations (including 252 international locations) and 45 company-owned restaurants as of July 1, 2023.

Basis of presentation. The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for interim financial information. Consequently, financial information and disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared annually in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted. Balance sheet amounts are as of July 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022, and operating results are for the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023 and June 25, 2022.

In the Company’s opinion, all necessary adjustments have been made for the fair presentation of the results of the interim periods presented. The results of operations for such interim periods are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year. The accompanying interim unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and the related notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022.

Fiscal year. The Company uses a 52- or 53-week fiscal year that ends on the last Saturday of the calendar year. Fiscal years 2023 and 2022 have 52 and 53 weeks, respectively.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash. Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash within the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows as of July 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):


	July 1, 2023		December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents	$	188,500	$	184,496
Restricted cash	11,444		13,296
Restricted cash, included in Advertising fund assets, restricted	14,158		7,923
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	214,102	$	205,715

Recently issued accounting pronouncements. We reviewed all recently issued accounting pronouncements and concluded that they were either not applicable or not expected to have a significant impact on our consolidated financial statements.

(2) Earnings per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur if securities convertible into, or other contracts to issue, common stock were exercised or converted into common stock. For the calculation of diluted earnings per share, the basic weighted average number of shares is increased by the dilutive effect of the exercise and vesting of stock options and restricted stock units, respectively, as determined using the treasury stock method.

WINGSTOP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

Basic weighted average shares outstanding is reconciled to diluted weighted average shares outstanding as follows (in thousands):


	Thirteen Weeks Ended		Twenty-Six Weeks Ended
	July 1, 2023	June 25, 2022	July 1, 2023	June 25, 2022
Basic weighted average shares outstanding	29,972	29,882	29,959	29,866
Dilutive shares	77	32	84	78
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding	30,049	29,914	30,043	29,944

For the thirteen weeks ended July 1, 2023 and June 25, 2022, equity awards representing approximately 1,000 and 77,000 shares, respectively, were excluded from the dilutive earnings per share calculation because the effect would have been anti-dilutive.

For the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023 and June 25, 2022, equity awards representing approximately 3,000 and 38,000 shares, respectively, were excluded from the dilutive earnings per share calculation because the effect would have been anti-dilutive.

(3) Dividends

In connection with the Company’s regular dividend program, in each of the first two quarters of 2023, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.19 per share of common stock, which, in aggregate, totaled $11.4 million, or $0.38 per share of common stock, and which was paid during the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023.

Subsequent to the second quarter, on August 1, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.22 per share of common stock for stockholders of record as of August 18, 2023. The regular quarterly dividend is to be paid on September 8, 2023, totaling approximately $6.6 million.

(4) Fair Value Measurements

Fair value is the price that would be received upon sale of an asset or paid upon transfer of a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date and in the principal or most advantageous market for that asset or liability. Assets and liabilities are classified using a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value as follows:

Level 1 — Unadjusted quoted prices for identical instruments traded in active markets.

Level 2 — Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs corroborated by market data.

Level 3 — Unobservable inputs reflecting management’s estimates and assumptions.

WINGSTOP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The carrying values of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and accounts payable approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. Fair value of debt and the investment in bonds issued by the Company’s United Kingdom master franchisee, Lemon Pepper Holdings Ltd. (“LPH”), are determined on a non-recurring basis, which results are summarized as follows (in thousands):


	Fair Value Hierarchy	July 1, 2023				December 31, 2022
		Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
Securitized Financing Facility:
2020-1 Class A-2 Senior Secured Notes (1)	Level 2	$	472,800	$	409,620	$	475,200	$	406,462
2022-1 Class A-2 Senior Secured Notes (1)	Level 2	$	248,125	$	214,628	$	249,375	$	215,709
Investments in bonds of LPH (2)	Level 3	$	3,450	$	4,197	$	3,196	$	3,906

(1) The fair value of the 2020-1 and 2022-1 Class A-2 Senior Secured Notes was estimated using available market information.

(2) The fair value approximates discounted cash flows using current market rates for debt investments with similar maturities and credit risk.

The Company also measures certain non-financial assets (primarily long-lived assets, intangible assets, and goodwill) at fair value on a non-recurring basis in connection with its periodic evaluations of such assets for potential impairment.

(5) Income Taxes

Income tax expense and the effective tax rate were $6.1 million and 27.3%, respectively, for the thirteen weeks ended July 1, 2023, and $3.1 million and 18.7%, respectively, for the thirteen weeks ended June 25, 2022. Income tax expense and the effective tax rate were $11.3 million and 26.2%, respectively, for the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023, and $5.9 million and 21.2%, respectively, for the twenty-six weeks ended June 25, 2022. The main component of the year-over-year increase in effective tax rates was the impact of stock awards forfeited during the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended June 25, 2022.

(6) Debt Obligations

Long-term debt consisted of the following components (in thousands):


	July 1, 2023		December 31, 2022
2020-1 Class A-2 Senior Secured Notes	$	472,800	$	475,200
2022-1 Class A-2 Senior Secured Notes	248,125		249,375
Debt issuance costs, net of amortization	(9,514)		(10,429)
Total debt	711,411		714,146
Less: current portion of debt	—		(7,300)
Long-term debt, net	$	711,411	$	706,846

The Company’s outstanding debt was issued by Wingstop Funding LLC, a limited-purpose, bankruptcy-remote, wholly-owned indirect subsidiary of Wingstop Inc. and consists of (i) Series 2020-1 2.84% Fixed Rate Senior Secured Notes, Class A-2 (the “2020 Class A-2 Notes”), (ii) Series 2022-1 3.734% Fixed Rate Senior Secured Notes, Class A-2 (the “2022 Class A-2 Notes”), and (iii) a revolving financing facility of Series 2022-1 Variable Funding Senior Notes, Class A-1 (the “2022 Variable Funding Notes,” and together with the 2022 Class A-2 Notes, the “2022 Notes”), which permits borrowings of up to a maximum principal amount of $200 million, subject to certain borrowing conditions, a portion of which may be used to issue letters of credit.

No borrowings were outstanding under the 2022 Variable Funding Notes as of July 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022.

As of July 1, 2023, the Company’s leverage ratio under the 2020 Class A-2 Notes and the 2022 Class A-2 Notes was less than 5.0x. Per the terms of the Company’s debt agreements, principal payments can be suspended at the borrower’s election until the repayment date as long as the Company maintains a leverage ratio of less than 5.0x. Accordingly, the Company elected to suspend payments following the principal payment made in the second quarter of 2023, and the entire outstanding balance of $720.9 million of the 2020 Class A-2 Notes and the 2022 Class A-2 Notes has been classified as long-term debt due after fiscal year 2026.

WINGSTOP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

The 2020 Class A-2 Notes and 2022 Notes were issued in securitization transactions, and are guaranteed by certain limited-purpose, bankruptcy-remote, wholly-owned indirect subsidiaries of the Company and secured by a security interest in substantially all of their assets, including certain domestic and foreign revenue-generating assets, consisting principally of franchise-related agreements, intellectual property, and vendor rebate contracts.

(7) Commitments and Contingencies

The Company is subject to legal proceedings, claims, and liabilities, including claims and actions resulting from employment-related and franchise-related matters, which arise in the ordinary course of business and are generally covered by insurance. In the opinion of management, the amount of ultimate liability with respect to such actions is not likely to have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

(8) Stock-Based Compensation

During the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023, the Company granted 41,885 restricted stock units (“RSUs”) to certain employees. The RSUs granted to certain employees generally vest in equal annual amounts over a three-year period, subsequent to the grant date and had a weighted-average grant-date fair value of $172.73 per unit.

In addition, the Company granted 37,414 performance stock units (“PSUs”) to certain employees during the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023. Of the total PSUs granted, 30,430 PSUs are subject to a service condition and a performance vesting condition based on return on incremental invested capital (“ROI PSUs”). The ROI PSUs are generally eligible to cliff-vest approximately three years from the grant date, and the maximum vesting percentage that could be realized for each of the ROI PSUs is 250% based on the level of performance achieved for the awards. The remaining 6,984 PSUs granted are subject to a service condition and a performance vesting condition based on the number of net new restaurants opened over the performance period (“NNR PSUs”). The NNR PSUs vest in equal annual amounts over a three-year period, and the maximum vesting percentage that could be realized for each of the NNR PSUs is 100% based on the level of performance achieved for the awards. The PSUs had a weighted-average grant-date fair value of $172.22 per unit. Total compensation cost for the PSUs is determined based on the most likely outcome of the performance condition and the number of awards expected to vest based on the outcome.

Total compensation expense related to all share-based awards, net of forfeitures recognized, was $6.9 million and $0.6 million for the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023 and June 25, 2022, respectively, and was included in Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expense in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

(9) Revenue from Contracts with Customers

The following table represents a disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers for the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023 and June 25, 2022 (in thousands):


	Thirteen Weeks Ended				Twenty-Six Weeks Ended
	July 1, 2023		June 25, 2022		July 1, 2023		June 25, 2022
Royalty revenue	$	43,271	$	33,037	$	86,785	$	65,241
Advertising fees and related income	36,596		28,987		74,059		51,526
Franchise fees	1,107		1,004		2,169		1,963

Franchise fee, development fee, and international territory fee payments received by the Company are recorded as deferred revenue on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, which represents a contract liability. Deferred revenue is reduced as fees are recognized in revenue over the term of the franchise license for the respective restaurant. As the term of the franchise license is typically ten years, substantially all of the franchise fee revenue recognized in the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023 was included in the deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2022. Approximately $8.8 million and $7.7 million of deferred revenue as of July 1, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, relates to restaurants that have not yet opened, so the fees are not yet being amortized. The weighted average remaining amortization period for deferred franchise and renewal fees related to open restaurants is 7.1 years. The Company did not have any material contract assets as of July 1, 2023.

WINGSTOP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(Unaudited)

(10) Acquisitions of Company-owned Restaurants

In the second fiscal quarter 2023, the Company acquired two existing restaurants from a franchisee. The combined purchase price was $4.4 million and was funded by cash flow from operations. The following table summarizes the allocations of the purchase price to the estimated fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the date of the acquisition (in thousands):


	Purchase Price Allocation
Working capital	$	13
Property and equipment	92
Reacquired franchise rights	1,630
Goodwill	2,661


Total purchase price	$	4,396

The excess of the purchase price over the aggregate fair value of assets acquired was allocated to goodwill and is attributable to the benefits expected as a result of the acquisition, including sales and unit growth opportunities. All of the goodwill from the acquisition is expected to be deductible for federal income tax purposes.

Pro-forma financial information of the combined entities is not presented due to the immaterial impact of the financial results of the acquired restaurants on our consolidated financial statements.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations of Wingstop Inc. (collectively with its direct and indirect subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, “Wingstop,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” or “us”) should be read in conjunction with the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and related notes in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Quarterly Report”) and with the audited consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022 (our “Annual Report”). The statements in this discussion regarding industry outlook, our expectations regarding our future performance, liquidity and capital resources, and other non-historical statements are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the risks and uncertainties described in “Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements,” below and “Risk Factors” beginning on page 11 of our Annual Report. Our actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements.

We operate on a 52- or 53-week fiscal year ending on the last Saturday of each calendar year. Our fiscal quarters are comprised of 13 weeks, with the exception of the fourth quarter of a 53-week year, which contains 14 weeks. Fiscal year 2023 contains 52 weeks, while fiscal year 2022 contains 53 weeks.

Overview

Wingstop is the largest fast casual chicken wings-focused restaurant chain in the world, with over 2,000 locations worldwide. We are dedicated to serving the world flavor through an unparalleled guest experience and offering of classic wings, boneless wings, tenders, and chicken sandwiches, always cooked to order and hand-sauced-and-tossed in 11 bold, distinctive flavors.

The Company is primarily a franchisor, with approximately 98% of Wingstop’s restaurants currently owned and operated by independent franchisees. We believe our asset-light, highly-franchised business model generates strong operating margins and requires low capital expenditures, creating stockholder value through strong and consistent free cash flow and capital-efficient growth.

Change in Presentation

Beginning in the first quarter of 2023, gains and losses on disposal of assets are no longer presented as an adjustment to EBITDA in our calculation of Adjusted EBITDA. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are both non-GAAP measures and are defined below. Prior period gains and losses on disposal of assets have been excluded from EBITDA adjustments to conform to the current presentation. This reclassification had no impact on operating income, balance sheets or statements of cash flows.

Second Quarter of 2023 Highlights

•System-wide sales increased 27.8% over the prior fiscal second quarter to $809.8 million;

•50 net new openings in the fiscal second quarter 2023 for a total of 2,046 worldwide locations;

•Domestic same store sales increased 16.8% over the prior fiscal second quarter;

•Company-owned restaurant same store sales increased 5.7% over the prior fiscal second quarter;

•Digital sales increased to 65.2%;

•Domestic restaurant AUVs exceeded $1.7 million in the current fiscal second quarter;

•Total revenue increased 27.9% to $107.2 million over the prior fiscal second quarter;

•Net income increased 21.6% to $16.2 million, or $0.54 per diluted share, compared to net income of $13.3 million, or $0.44 per diluted share in the prior fiscal second quarter; and

•Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure, increased 47.1% to $34.4 million, compared to adjusted EBITDA of $23.3 million in the prior fiscal second quarter.

Year-to-Date Second Quarter of 2023 Highlights

•System-wide sales increased 29.1% to $1.6 billion;

•87 net new openings in the year-to-date second quarter of 2023;

•Domestic same store sales increased 18.4% over the prior fiscal year-to-date period;

•Total revenue increased 34.9% to $215.9 million over the prior fiscal year-to-date period;

•Net income increased 44.9% to $31.9 million, or $1.06 per diluted share, compared to net income of $22.0 million, or $0.73 per diluted share in the prior fiscal year-to-date period;

•Adjusted EBITDA, a non-GAAP measure, increased 53.2% to $68.9 million, compared to adjusted EBITDA of $45.0 million in the prior fiscal year-to-date period.

Key Performance Indicators

Key measures that we use in evaluating our restaurants and assessing our business include the following:

Number of restaurants. Management reviews the number of new restaurants, the number of closed restaurants, and the number of acquisitions and divestitures of restaurants to assess net new restaurant growth.


	Thirteen Weeks Ended		Twenty-Six Weeks Ended
	July 1, 2023	June 25, 2022	July 1, 2023	June 25, 2022
Domestic Franchised Activity:
Beginning of period	1,710	1,551	1,678	1,498
Openings	42	49	74	105
Closures	(1)	—	(1)	(3)
Acquired by Company	(2)	—	(2)	—

Restaurants end of period	1,749	1,600	1,749	1,600

Domestic Company-Owned Activity:
Beginning of period	43	37	43	36
Openings	—	2	—	3
Closures	—	—	—	—
Acquired by Company	2	—	2	—

Restaurants end of period	45	39	45	39

Total Domestic Restaurants	1,794	1,639	1,794	1,639

International Franchised Activity:
Beginning of period	243	203	238	197
Openings	9	16	17	23
Closures	—	—	(3)	(1)

Restaurants end of period	252	219	252	219

Total System-wide Restaurants	2,046	1,858	2,046	1,858

System-wide sales. System-wide sales represents net sales for all of our company-owned and franchised restaurants, as reported by franchisees. This measure allows management to better assess changes in our royalty revenue, our overall store performance, the health of our brand, and the strength of our market position relative to competitors. Our system-wide sales growth is driven by new restaurant openings as well as increases in same store sales.

Domestic average unit volume (“AUV”). Domestic AUV consists of the average annual sales of all restaurants that have been open for a trailing 52-week period or longer. This measure is calculated by dividing sales during the applicable period for all restaurants being measured by the number of restaurants being measured. Domestic AUV includes revenue from both company-owned and franchised restaurants. Domestic AUV allows management to assess our domestic company-owned and franchised restaurant economics. Changes in domestic AUV growth are primarily driven by increases in same store sales and are also influenced by opening new restaurants.

Domestic same store sales. Domestic same store sales reflects the change in year-over-year sales for the same store restaurant base. We define the same store restaurant base to include those restaurants open for at least 52 full weeks. This measure highlights the performance of existing restaurants, while excluding the impact of new restaurant openings and permanent closures. We review same store sales for domestic company-owned restaurants as well as system-wide domestic restaurants. Domestic same store sales growth is driven by increases in transactions and average transaction size. Transaction size increases are driven by price increases or favorable mix shift from either an increase in items purchased or shifts into higher priced items.

EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. We define EBITDA as net income before interest expense, net, income tax expense (benefit), and depreciation and amortization. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income before interest expense, net, income tax expense (benefit), and depreciation and amortization, with further adjustments for losses on debt extinguishment and financing transactions, transaction costs, costs and fees associated with investments in our strategic initiatives, and stock-based compensation expense. Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to other similarly titled captions of other companies due to differences in methods of calculation. For a reconciliation of net income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA and for further discussion of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA as non-GAAP measures and how we utilize them, see footnote 2 below.

Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Earnings Per Diluted Share. We define Adjusted net income as net income adjusted for losses on debt extinguishment and financing transactions, transaction costs, costs and fees associated with investments in our strategic initiatives, and related tax adjustments that management believes are not indicative of the Company’s core operating results or business outlook over the long term. We define Adjusted earnings per diluted share as Adjusted net income divided by weighted average diluted share count. For a reconciliation of net income to Adjusted net income and for further discussion of Adjusted net income and Adjusted earnings per diluted share as non-GAAP measures and how we utilize them, see footnote 3 below.

The following table sets forth our key performance indicators for the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023 and June 25, 2022 (in thousands, except unit data):


	Thirteen Weeks Ended						Twenty-Six Weeks Ended
	July 1, 2023			June 25, 2022			July 1, 2023			June 25, 2022
Number of system-wide restaurants open at end of period	2,046			1,858			2,046			1,858
System-wide sales (1)	$	809,750		$	633,620		$	1,631,359		$	1,263,649
Domestic restaurant AUV	$	1,704		$	1,581		$	1,704		$	1,581
Domestic same store sales growth	16.8		%	(3.3)		%	18.4		%	(1.1)		%
Company-owned domestic same store sales growth	5.7		%	(4.9)		%	7.9		%	(1.5)		%
Total revenue	$	107,173		$	83,777		$	215,894		$	159,982
Net income	$	16,181		$	13,307		$	31,850		$	21,983
Adjusted EBITDA (2)	$	34,350		$	23,344		$	68,933		$	44,989
Adjusted net income (3)	$	17,005		$	13,345		$	34,776		$	23,160

(1) The percentage of system-wide sales attributable to company-owned restaurants was 2.8% and 3.0% for the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023 and June 25, 2022, respectively. The remainder was generated by franchised restaurants, as reported by our franchisees.

(2) EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA are supplemental measures of our performance that are not required by, or presented in accordance with, GAAP. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as an alternative to net income or any other performance measure derived in accordance with GAAP, or as an alternative to cash flow from operating activities as a measure of our liquidity.

We caution investors that amounts presented in accordance with our definitions of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA may not be comparable to similar measures disclosed by our competitors, because not all companies and analysts calculate EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA in the same manner. We present EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA because we consider them to be important supplemental measures of our performance and believe they are frequently used by securities analysts, investors, and other interested parties in the evaluation of companies in our industry. Management believes that investors’ understanding of our performance is enhanced by including these non-GAAP financial measures as a reasonable basis for comparing our ongoing results of operations. Many investors are interested in understanding the performance of our business by comparing our results from ongoing operations on a period-over-period basis and would ordinarily add back non-cash expenses such as depreciation and amortization, as well as items that are not part of normal day-to-day operations of our business.

Management uses EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA:

•as a measurement of operating performance because we believe they assist us in comparing the operating performance of our restaurants on a consistent basis, as they remove the impact of items not directly resulting from our core operations;

•for planning purposes, including the preparation of our internal annual operating budget and financial projections;

•to evaluate the performance and effectiveness of our operational strategies;

•to evaluate our capacity to fund capital expenditures and expand our business; and

•to calculate incentive compensation payments for our employees, including assessing performance under our annual incentive compensation plan.

By providing these non-GAAP financial measures, together with a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measure, we believe we are enhancing investors’ understanding of our business and our results of operations, as well as assisting investors in evaluating how well we are executing our strategic initiatives. EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation, or as an alternative to, or a substitute for net income or other financial statement data presented in our consolidated financial statements as indicators of financial performance. Some of the limitations are:

•such measures do not reflect our cash expenditures or future requirements for capital expenditures or contractual commitments;

•such measures do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs;

•such measures do not reflect the interest expense or the cash requirements necessary to service interest or principal payments on our debt;

•such measures do not reflect our tax expense or the cash requirements to pay our taxes;

•although depreciation and amortization are non-cash charges, the assets being depreciated and amortized will often have to be replaced in the future and such measures do not reflect any cash requirements for such replacements; and

•other companies in our industry may calculate such measures differently than we do, limiting their usefulness as comparative measures.

Due to these limitations, EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA should not be considered as measures of discretionary cash available to us to invest in the growth of our business. We compensate for these limitations by relying primarily on our GAAP results and using these non-GAAP measures only as performance measures and supplementally. As noted in the table below, Adjusted EBITDA includes adjustments for losses on debt extinguishment and financing transactions, transaction costs, costs and fees associated with investments in our strategic initiatives, and stock-based compensation expense. We believe these adjustments are appropriate because the amounts recognized can vary significantly from period to period, do not directly relate to the ongoing operations of our restaurants, and complicate comparisons of our internal operating results and operating results of other restaurant companies over time. Each of the normal recurring adjustments and other adjustments described in this paragraph and in the reconciliation table below help management measure our core operating performance over time by removing items that are not related to day-to-day operations.

The following table reconciles net income to EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA for the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023 and June 25, 2022 (in thousands):


	Thirteen Weeks Ended				Twenty-Six Weeks Ended
	July 1, 2023		June 25, 2022		July 1, 2023		June 25, 2022
Net income	$	16,181	$	13,307	$	31,850	$	21,983
Interest expense, net	4,244		5,986		8,817		10,178
Income tax expense	6,077		3,055		11,319		5,915
Depreciation and amortization	3,218		2,547		6,207		4,774
EBITDA	$	29,720	$	24,895	$	58,193	$	42,850
Additional adjustments:
Loss on debt extinguishment and financing transaction costs (a)	—		—		—		1,124

Consulting fees (b)	1,084		50		3,850		425
Stock-based compensation expense (c)	3,546		(1,601)		6,890		590
Adjusted EBITDA	$	34,350	$	23,344	$	68,933	$	44,989

(a) Represents costs and expenses related to our 2022 securitized financing facility and payment of a special dividend, as well as the extinguishment of our 2020 variable funding note facility; all transaction costs are included in Loss on debt extinguishment and financing transaction costs during the twenty-six weeks ended June 25, 2022, with the exception of $310,000 that is included in Selling, general and administrative on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

(b) Represents non-recurring consulting fees that are not part of our ongoing operations and are incurred to execute discrete, project-based strategic initiatives, which are included in Selling, general and administrative on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. The costs incurred in the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended June 25, 2022 include third-party consulting fees incurred relating to a strategic initiative to consider the development of a business plan and financial model for potential vertical integration of a poultry complex, which review was completed in fiscal year 2022. The costs incurred in the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023 include consulting fees relating to a comprehensive review of our long-term growth strategy for our domestic business to explore potential future initiatives, and which review is expected to be completed in fiscal year 2023. Given the magnitude and scope of these two strategic review initiatives that are not expected to recur in the foreseeable future, the Company considers the incremental consulting fees incurred with respect to the initiatives not reflective of the ongoing costs to operate its business.

(3) Adjusted net income and adjusted earnings per diluted share are supplemental measures of operating performance that do not represent and should not be considered alternatives to net income and earnings per share, as determined by GAAP. These measures have not been prepared in accordance with Article 11 of Regulation S-X promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”). Management believes adjusted net income and adjusted earnings per diluted share supplement GAAP measures and enable management to more effectively evaluate the Company’s performance period-over-period and relative to competitors.

The following table reconciles net income to Adjusted net income and calculates adjusted earnings per diluted share for the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023 and June 25, 2022 (in thousands):


	Thirteen Weeks Ended				Twenty-Six Weeks Ended
	July 1, 2023		June 25, 2022		July 1, 2023		June 25, 2022
Numerator:
Net income	$	16,181	$	13,307	$	31,850	$	21,983
Adjustments:
Loss on debt extinguishment and financing transactions (a)	—		—		—		1,124

Consulting fees (b)	1,084		50		3,850		425
Tax effect of adjustments (c)	(260)		(12)		(924)		(372)
Adjusted net income	$	17,005	$	13,345	$	34,776	$	23,160

Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding - diluted	30,049		29,914		30,043		29,944

Adjusted earnings per diluted share	$	0.57	$	0.45	$	1.16	$	0.77

(a) Represents costs and expenses related to our 2022 securitized financing facility and payment of a special dividend, as well as the extinguishment of our 2020 variable funding note facility; all transaction costs are included in Loss on debt extinguishment and financing transactions during the twenty-six weeks ended June 25, 2022, with the exception of $310,000 that is included in Selling, general and administrative on the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.

(c) Represents the tax effect of the aforementioned adjustments to reflect corporate income taxes at an assumed effective tax rate of 24% for the thirteen and twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023 and June 25, 2022, which includes provisions for U.S. federal income taxes, and assumes the respective statutory rates for applicable state and local jurisdictions.

Results of Operations

Thirteen Weeks Ended July 1, 2023 compared to Thirteen Weeks Ended June 25, 2022

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the thirteen weeks ended July 1, 2023 and June 25, 2022 (dollars in thousands):


	Thirteen Weeks Ended				Increase / (Decrease)
	July 1, 2023		June 25, 2022		$		%
Revenue:
Royalty revenue, franchise fees and other	$	47,984	$	36,044	$	11,940	33.1	%
Advertising fees	36,596		28,987		7,609		26.2	%
Company-owned restaurant sales	22,593		18,746		3,847		20.5	%
Total revenue	107,173		83,777		23,396		27.9	%
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales (1)	16,642		14,899		1,743		11.7	%
Advertising expenses	38,729		29,685		9,044		30.5	%
Selling, general and administrative	22,128		13,949		8,179		58.6	%
Depreciation and amortization	3,218		2,547		671		26.3	%
Loss on disposal of assets	—		323		(323)		(100.0)	%
Total costs and expenses	80,717		61,403		19,314		31.5	%
Operating income	26,456		22,374		4,082		18.2	%
Interest expense, net	4,244		5,986		(1,742)		(29.1)	%

Other (income) expense	(46)		26		(72)		NM*
Income before income tax expense	22,258		16,362		5,896		36.0	%
Income tax expense	6,077		3,055		3,022		98.9	%
Net income	$	16,181	$	13,307	$	2,874	21.6	%

*Not meaningful.

(1) Cost of sales includes all operating expenses of company-owned restaurants, including advertising expenses, and excludes depreciation and amortization, which are presented separately.

Total revenue. During the thirteen weeks ended July 1, 2023, total revenue was $107.2 million, an increase of $23.4 million, or 27.9%, compared to $83.8 million in the comparable period in 2022.

Royalty revenue, franchise fees and other increased $11.9 million, of which $3.3 million was due to 182 net franchise restaurant openings since June 25, 2022, and $7.0 million was due to domestic same store sales growth of 16.8%. Other revenue increased by $1.6 million primarily due to an increase in vendor rebates.

Advertising fees increased $7.6 million due to a 27.8% increase in system-wide sales during the fiscal second quarter 2023.

Company-owned restaurant sales increased $3.8 million, due to an increase of $2.9 million related to the addition of six net new company-owned restaurants since the prior fiscal second quarter. The remainder of the increase was due to company-owned same store sales growth of 5.7%, which was driven by an increase in transactions.

Cost of sales. During the thirteen weeks ended July 1, 2023, cost of sales was $16.6 million, an increase of $1.7 million, or 11.7%, compared to $14.9 million in the comparable period in 2022. Cost of sales as a percentage of company-owned restaurant sales was 73.7% in the thirteen weeks ended July 1, 2023, compared to 79.5% in the comparable period in 2022.

The table below presents the major components of cost of sales (dollars in thousands):


	Thirteen Weeks Ended
	July 1, 2023				June 25, 2022
	In dollars		As a % of company-owned restaurant sales		In dollars		As a % of company-owned restaurant sales
Cost of sales:
Food, beverage and packaging costs	$	7,264	32.2	%	$	7,376	39.3	%
Labor costs	5,520		24.4	%	4,328		23.1	%
Other restaurant operating expenses	4,408		19.5	%	3,607		19.2	%
Vendor rebates	(550)		(2.4)	%	(412)		(2.2)	%


Total cost of sales	$	16,642	73.7	%	$	14,899	79.5	%

Food, beverage and packaging costs as a percentage of company-owned restaurant sales were 32.2% in the thirteen weeks ended July 1, 2023, compared to 39.3% in the comparable period in 2022. This improvement was primarily due to a 39.6% decrease in the cost of bone-in chicken wings as compared to the prior year period.

Labor costs as a percentage of company-owned restaurant sales were 24.4% for the thirteen weeks ended July 1, 2023, compared to 23.1% in the comparable period in 2022. The increase as a percentage of company-owned restaurant sales was primarily due to increases in company-owned restaurant wages during the thirteen weeks ended July 1, 2023, partially offset by cost leverage due to the company-owned domestic same store sales increase of 5.7%.

Other restaurant operating expenses as a percentage of company-owned restaurant sales were 19.5% for the thirteen weeks ended July 1, 2023, which was comparable to 19.2% for the thirteen weeks ended June 25, 2022.

Advertising expenses. During the thirteen weeks ended July 1, 2023, advertising expenses were $38.7 million, an increase of $9.0 million compared to $29.7 million in the comparable period in 2022. Advertising expenses are recognized at the same time the related revenue is recognized, which does not necessarily correlate to the actual timing of the related advertising spend.

Selling, general and administrative (SG&A). During the thirteen weeks ended July 1, 2023, SG&A expense was $22.1 million, an increase of $8.2 million compared to $13.9 million in the comparable period in 2022. The prior fiscal second quarter was impacted by the benefit of $4.1 million in stock awards forfeited during the quarter. In addition, incentive compensation and performance-based stock compensation expense increased $2.2 million related to the Company’s current fiscal year performance, headcount related expenses increased $1.2 million to support the growth in our business, and consulting fees increased $1.1 million associated with the Company’s strategic initiatives.

Depreciation and amortization. During the thirteen weeks ended July 1, 2023, depreciation expense was $3.2 million, an increase of $0.7 million compared to $2.5 million in the comparable period in 2022. The increase in depreciation and amortization was primarily due to capital expenditures related to our technology investments.

Interest expense, net. During the thirteen weeks ended July 1, 2023, interest expense, net was $4.2 million, a decrease of $1.7 million compared to $6.0 million of interest expense, net in the comparable period in 2022. The decrease was driven by $1.6 million in interest income earned on our cash balances during the thirteen weeks ended July 1, 2023.

Income tax expense. During the thirteen weeks ended July 1, 2023, we recognized income tax expense of $6.1 million yielding an effective tax rate of 27.3%, compared to an effective tax rate of 18.7% in the prior year period. The increase in the effective tax rate was primarily due to the impact of stock awards forfeited during the thirteen weeks ended June 25, 2022.

Twenty-Six Weeks Ended July 1, 2023 compared to Twenty-Six Weeks Ended June 25, 2022

The following table sets forth our results of operations for the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023 and June 25, 2022 (dollars in thousands):


	Twenty-Six Weeks Ended				Increase / (Decrease)
	July 1, 2023		June 25, 2022		$		%
Revenue:
Royalty revenue, franchise fees and other	$	96,172	$	71,114	$	25,058	35.2	%
Advertising fees	74,059		51,526		22,533		43.7	%
Company-owned restaurant sales	45,663		37,342		8,321		22.3	%
Total revenue	215,894		159,982		55,912		34.9	%
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales (1)	33,337		30,573		2,764		9.0	%
Advertising expenses	78,372		52,852		25,520		48.3	%
Selling, general and administrative	45,773		32,035		13,738		42.9	%
Depreciation and amortization	6,207		4,774		1,433		30.0	%
Loss on disposal of assets	77		767		(690)		(90.0)	%
Total costs and expenses	163,766		121,001		42,765		35.3	%
Operating income	52,128		38,981		13,147		33.7	%
Interest expense, net	8,817		10,178		(1,361)		(13.4)	%
Loss on debt extinguishment	—		814		(814)		(100.0)	%
Other (income) expense	142		91		51		56.0	%
Income before income tax expense	43,169		27,898		15,271		54.7	%
Income tax expense	11,319		5,915		5,404		91.4	%
Net income	$	31,850	$	21,983	$	9,867	44.9	%

(1) Cost of sales includes all operating expenses of company-owned restaurants, including advertising expenses, and excludes depreciation and amortization, which are presented separately.

Total revenue. During the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023, total revenue was $215.9 million, an increase of $55.9 million, or 34.9%, compared to $160.0 million in the comparable period in 2022.

Royalty revenue, franchise fees and other increased $25.1 million, of which $5.6 million was due to 182 net franchise restaurant openings since June 25, 2022, and $16.2 million was due to domestic same store sales growth of 18.4%. Other revenue increased by $3.3 million primarily due to an increase in vendor rebates.

Advertising fees increased $22.5 million, of which $16.3 million was due to the 29.1% increase in system-wide sales during the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023, and $6.2 million was due to an increase in the national advertising fund contribution rate to 5% from 4% effective the first day of the fiscal second quarter 2022.

Company-owned restaurant sales increased $8.3 million primarily due to an increase of $5.0 million related to the addition of six net new company-owned restaurants since the prior year comparable period. The remainder of the increase was due to company-owned same store sales growth of 7.9%, which was driven by an increase in transactions.

Cost of sales. During the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023, cost of sales was $33.3 million, an increase of $2.8 million, or 9.0%, compared to $30.6 million in the comparable period in 2022. Cost of sales as a percentage of company-owned restaurant sales was 73.0% in the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023, compared to 81.9% in the comparable period in 2022.

The table below presents the major components of cost of sales (dollars in thousands):


	Twenty-Six Weeks Ended
	July 1, 2023				June 25, 2022
	In dollars		As a % of company-owned restaurant sales		In dollars		As a % of company-owned restaurant sales
Cost of sales:
Food, beverage and packaging costs	$	14,751	32.3	%	$	15,343	41.1	%
Labor costs	11,037		24.2	%	9,136		24.5	%
Other restaurant operating expenses	8,633		18.9	%	6,913		18.5	%
Vendor rebates	(1,084)		(2.4)	%	(819)		(2.2)	%
Total cost of sales	$	33,337	73.0	%	$	30,573	81.9	%

Food, beverage and packaging costs as a percentage of company-owned restaurant sales were 32.3% in the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023, compared to 41.1% in the comparable period in 2022. The decrease was primarily due to a 47.1% decrease in the cost of bone-in chicken wings as compared to the prior year period.

Labor costs as a percentage of company-owned restaurant sales were 24.2% for the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023, compared to 24.5% in the comparable period in 2022. The decrease as a percentage of company-owned restaurant sales was primarily due to cost leverage related to the company-owned domestic same store sales increase of 7.9%. This was partially offset by increases in company-owned restaurant wages during the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023.

Other restaurant operating expenses as a percentage of company-owned restaurant sales were 18.9% for the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023, compared to 18.5% in the comparable period in 2022. The increase as percentage of company-owned restaurant sales was primarily a result of the increase in the national advertising fund contribution rate to 5% from 4% effective the first day of the fiscal second quarter 2022.

Advertising expenses. During the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023, advertising expenses were $78.4 million, an increase of $25.5 million compared to $52.9 million in the comparable period in 2022. Advertising expenses are recognized at the same time the related revenue is recognized, which does not necessarily correlate to the actual timing of the related advertising spend.

Selling, general and administrative (SG&A). During the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023, SG&A expense was $45.8 million, an increase of $13.7 million compared to $32.0 million in the comparable period in 2022. The prior fiscal second quarter was impacted by the benefit of $4.1 million in stock awards forfeited during the quarter. In addition, consulting fees increased $3.9 million associated with the Company’s strategic initiatives, incentive compensation and performance-based stock compensation expense increased $3.7 million primarily related to the Company’s current fiscal year performance, and headcount related expenses increased $1.8 million to support the growth in our business.

Depreciation and amortization. During the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023, depreciation expense was $6.2 million, an increase of $1.4 million compared to $4.8 million in the comparable period in 2022. The increase in depreciation and amortization was primarily due to capital expenditures related to our technology investments.

Interest expense, net. During the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023, interest expense, net was $8.8 million, a decrease of $1.4 million compared to $10.2 million of interest expense, net in the comparable period in 2022. The decrease was due to $3.1 million of additional interest income earned on our cash balances during the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023, partially offset by an increase of $1.7 million in interest expense related to the securitized financing transaction completed on March 9, 2022, which increased our outstanding debt by $250 million.

Loss on debt extinguishment. Loss on debt extinguishment was $0.8 million during the twenty-six weeks ended June 25, 2022 due to costs and fees associated with the extinguishment of our 2020 Variable Funding Note Facility on March 9, 2022.

Income tax expense. During the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023, we recognized income tax expense of $11.3 million yielding an effective tax rate of 26.2%, compared to an effective tax rate of 21.2% in the prior year period. The increase in the effective tax rate was primarily due to the impact of stock awards forfeited during the twenty-six weeks ended June 25, 2022.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

General. Our primary sources of liquidity and capital resources are cash provided from operating activities, cash and cash equivalents on hand, and borrowings available under our securitized financing facility. Our primary requirements for liquidity and capital are working capital, general corporate needs, capital expenditures, income tax payments, debt service requirements, and dividend payments. Historically, we have operated with minimal positive working capital or with negative working capital. We generally utilize available cash flows from operations to invest in our business, service our debt obligations, and pay dividends.

Our primary sources of short-term and long-term liquidity are expected to be cash flows from operations and available borrowings under our 2022 Variable Funding Notes (as defined below). As of July 1, 2023, the Company had $214.1 million of cash and restricted cash on its balance sheet.

Based upon current levels of operations and anticipated growth, we expect that cash flows from operations, combined with our securitized financing facility including our 2022 Variable Funding Notes, will be sufficient to meet our capital expenditure, working capital and debt service requirements for at least the next twelve months and the foreseeable future.

The following table shows summary cash flows information for the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023 and June 25, 2022 (in thousands):


	Twenty-Six Weeks Ended
	July 1, 2023		June 25, 2022
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities	$	47,967	$	29,464
Investing activities	(22,206)		(9,058)
Financing activities	(17,374)		116,313
Net change in cash and cash equivalents	$	8,387	$	136,719

Operating activities. Our cash flow from operating activities are principally driven by sales at both franchise restaurants and company-owned restaurants, as well as franchise and development fees. We collect franchise royalties from our franchise owners on a weekly basis. Restaurant-level operating costs at our company-owned restaurants, unearned franchise and development fees, and corporate overhead costs also impact our cash flow from operating activities.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $48.0 million in the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023, an increase of $18.5 million from cash provided by operating activities of $29.5 million in the twenty-six weeks ended June 25, 2022. The increase is the result of increased operating income associated with the increased sales over the prior period, as well as the timing of changes in working capital.

Investing activities. Our net cash used in investing activities was $22.2 million in the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023, an increase of $13.1 million from cash used in investing activities of $9.1 million in the twenty-six weeks ended June 25, 2022. The increase in cash used in investing activities was primarily due to an increase in capital expenditures related to our technology investments, the acquisition of two restaurants from a franchisee during the twenty-six weeks ended June 25, 2022, and the sale of assets to franchisees during the prior fiscal year period.

Financing activities. Our net cash used in financing activities was $17.4 million in the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023, a change of $133.7 million from cash provided by financing activities of $116.3 million in the twenty-six weeks ended June 25, 2022. The change was primarily due to the net cash provided by additional borrowings under our 2022 Class A-2 Notes (as defined below) of $250 million in the first quarter of 2022, partially offset by the payment of a special dividend in connection with the securitized financing transaction totaling $119.5 million and deferred financing and other debt related costs incurred of $5.4 million during the twenty-six weeks ended June 25, 2022.

Securitized financing facility. On March 9, 2022, the Company completed a securitized financing transaction, pursuant to which Wingstop Funding LLC (the “Issuer”), a limited purpose, bankruptcy-remote, indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, issued $250 million of its Series 2022-1 3.734% Fixed Rate Senior Secured Notes, Class A-2 (the "2022 Class A-2 Notes"). The Issuer also entered into a revolving financing facility of Series 2022-1 Variable Funding Senior Notes, Class A-1 (the “2022 Variable Funding Notes,” and together with the 2022 Class A-2 Notes, the “2022 Notes”), which permits borrowings of up to a maximum principal amount of $200 million, subject to certain borrowing conditions, a portion of which may be used to issue letters of credit. The proceeds from the securitized financing transaction were used to pay related transaction fees and expenses, strengthen the Company's liquidity position and for general corporate purposes, which included a return of capital to the Company’s stockholders.

In addition to the 2022 Notes, the Company’s outstanding debt consists of its existing Series 2020-1 2.84% Fixed Rate Senior Secured Notes, Class A-2 (the “2020 Class A-2 Notes”). No borrowings were outstanding under the 2022 Variable Funding Notes as of July 1, 2023.

During the second fiscal quarter of 2023, the Company had a leverage ratio under the 2020 Class A-2 Notes and the 2022 Class A-2 Notes of less than 5.0x. Per the terms of the Company’s debt agreements, principal payments are not due until the repayment date as long as the Company maintains a leverage ratio of less than 5.0x. Accordingly, the entire outstanding balance of the 2020 Class A-2 Notes and the 2022 Class A-2 Notes has been classified as long-term debt due after fiscal year 2026.

Dividends. We paid a quarterly cash dividend of $0.19 per share of common stock in each of the first two quarters of 2023, aggregating $11.4 million in the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023. On August 1, 2023 the Company’s Board of Directors approved a dividend of $0.22 per share, to be paid on September 8, 2023 to stockholders of record as of August 18, 2023, totaling approximately $6.6 million.

We do not currently expect the restrictions in our debt instruments to impact our ability to make regular quarterly dividends pursuant to our quarterly dividend program. However, any future declarations of dividends, as well as the amount and timing of such dividends, are subject to capital availability and the discretion of our Board of Directors, which must evaluate, among other things, whether cash dividends are in the best interest of the Company and our stockholders.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes are prepared in accordance with GAAP. Preparing consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses. These estimates and assumptions are affected by the application of our accounting policies. Critical accounting estimates are those that require application of management’s most difficult, subjective, or complex judgments, often as a result of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods. While we apply our judgment based on assumptions believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, actual results could vary from these assumptions. It is possible that materially different amounts would be reported using different assumptions. Our critical accounting policies and estimates are identified and described in our annual consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in our Annual Report, and there have been no material changes since the filing of our Annual Report.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

The Company has reviewed all recently issued, but not yet effective, accounting pronouncements and does not believe the future adoption of any such pronouncements may be expected to cause a material impact on its financial condition or the results of its operations.

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This report includes statements of our expectations, intentions, plans and beliefs that constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”) and are intended to come within the safe harbor protection provided by those sections. These statements, which involve risks and uncertainties, relate to the discussion of our business strategies and our expectations concerning future operations, margins, profitability, trends, liquidity and capital resources and to analyses and other information that are based on forecasts of future results and estimates of amounts not yet determinable. These forward-looking statements can generally be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, including the terms “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “outlook,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “think,” “estimate,” “seek,” “predict,” “could,” “project,” “potential” or, in each case, their negative or other variations or comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements are accompanied by such terms. These forward-looking statements are made based on expectations and beliefs concerning future events affecting us and are subject to uncertainties, risks, and factors relating to our operations and business environments, all of which are difficult to predict and many of which are beyond our control, that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those matters expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements.

Such risks and other factors include those listed below and elsewhere in this report and our Annual Report, that could cause actual results or outcomes to differ from the results expressed or implied by forward-looking statements:

•our ability to effectively implement our growth strategy;

•our relationships with, and the performance of, our franchisees, as well as actions by franchisees that could harm our business;

•our ability to identify, recruit and contract with a sufficient number of qualified franchisees;

•risks associated with food safety, food-borne illness and other health concerns;

•risks associated with changes in food and supply costs;

•our ability to successfully expand into new markets;

•our ability to effectively compete within our industry;

•risks associated with interruptions in our supply chain, including availability of food products;

•risks associated with the availability and cost of labor;

•risks associated with our future performance and operating results falling below the expectations of securities analysts and investors;

•risks associated with data privacy, cyber security and the use and implementation of information technology;

•risks associated with our increasing dependence on digital commerce platforms and third-party delivery service providers;

•uncertainty in the law with respect to the assignment or allocation of liabilities in the franchise business model;

•risks associated with litigation against us or our franchisees;

•our ability to successfully advertise and market our business;

•risks associated with changes in customer preferences, perceptions and eating habits;

•risks associated with the geographic concentration of our business;

•the impact on our business from a pandemic, epidemic or outbreak, such as COVID-19;

•our ability to comply with laws and government regulations relating to food products and franchising, including increased costs associated with new or changing regulations;

•our ability to maintain adequate insurance coverage for our business;

•risks associated with damage to our reputation or lack of acceptance of our brand in existing or new markets;

•risks associated with our expansion into international markets and foreign government restrictions on operations;

•our ability to comply with the terms of our securitized debt financing and generate sufficient cash flows to satisfy our significant debt service obligations thereunder;

•our ability to attract and retain our executive officers and other key employees; and

•our ability to protect our intellectual property, including trademarks and trade secrets.

The above list of factors is not exhaustive. Some of these and other factors are discussed in more detail under “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report. When considering forward-looking statements in this report or that we make in other reports or statements, you should keep in mind the cautionary statements in this report and future reports we file with the SEC. Any forward-looking statements made in this report speak only as of the date of the report, unless specified otherwise. New risks and uncertainties arise from time to time, and we cannot predict when they may arise or how they may affect us. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements for any reason, or to update the reasons actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in any forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Commodity Price Risk. We are exposed to market risks from changes in commodity prices. Many of the food products purchased by us are affected by weather, production, availability and other factors outside our control, including inflation as compared to the prior year period. Although we attempt to minimize the effect of price volatility by negotiating fixed price contracts for the supply of key ingredients, there are no established fixed price markets for fresh bone-in chicken wings, so we are subject to prevailing market conditions. Bone-in chicken wings accounted for approximately 15.8% and 27.9% of our company-owned restaurant cost of sales during the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023 and June 25, 2022, respectively. A hypothetical 10% increase in the bone-in chicken wing costs would have increased costs of sales by approximately $0.5 million during the twenty-six weeks ended July 1, 2023. We do not engage in speculative financial transactions nor do we hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes.

Interest Rate Risk. Our long-term debt, including current portion, consisted entirely of the $720.9 million incurred under the 2020 Class A-2 Notes and the 2022 Class A-2 Notes as of July 1, 2023 (excluding unamortized debt issuance costs). The Company’s predominantly fixed-rate debt structure has reduced its exposure to interest rate increases that could adversely affect its earnings and cash flows, but the Company remains exposed to changes in market interest rates reflected in the fair value of the debt and to the risk that the Company may need to refinance maturing debt with new debt at a higher rate. The Company is exposed to interest rate increases under the 2022 Variable Funding Notes; however, the Company had no outstanding borrowings under its 2022 Variable Funding Notes as of July 1, 2023.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of July 1, 2023, pursuant to Rule 13a-15 under the Exchange Act. In designing and evaluating the disclosure controls and procedures, management recognized that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Based on that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that as of July 1, 2023, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective to provide reasonable assurance that information we are required to disclose in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the SEC, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during our most recent fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are currently involved in various claims and legal actions that arise in the ordinary course of business, including claims and actions resulting from employment-related and franchise-related matters. None of these matters, some of which are covered by insurance, has had a material effect on us, and, as of the date of this report, we are not party to any pending legal proceedings that we believe would have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows. However, a significant increase in the number of these claims or an increase in amounts owing under successful claims could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

A description of the risk factors associated with our business is contained in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities, Use of Proceeds and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

None.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

None.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

During the thirteen weeks ended July 1, 2023, no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

Item 6. Exhibits

Index to Exhibits


Exhibit No.			Description
3.1			Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Wingstop Inc., as amended through June 15, 2020, filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 27, 2020 (File No. 001-37425) and incorporated by reference herein.
3.2			Amended and Restated Bylaws of Wingstop Inc., effective as of December 1, 2022, filed as Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K (File No. 001-37425) on December 2, 2022 and incorporated by reference herein.
31.1*			Certification of Principal Executive Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2*			Certification of Principal Financial Officer under Section 302 of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1**			Certification of Chief Executive Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2**			Certification of Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002.
101 INS*			Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101 SCH*			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101 CAL*			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101 DEF*			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101 LAB*			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101 PRE*			Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
104*			Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and Contained in Exhibit 101)

* Filed herewith.

** Furnished, not filed.

Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Wingstop Inc.

(Registrant)

Date:

August 2, 2023

By:

/s/ Michael J. Skipworth

President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

Date:

August 2, 2023

By:

/s/ Alex R. Kaleida

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)