Benefitfocus, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2022 June (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022

or

For the transition period from                      to                     .

Commission File Number: 001-36061

Benefitfocus, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

100 Benefitfocus Way

Charleston, South Carolina 29492

(Address of principal executive offices and zip code)

(843) 849-7476

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  ☒    No  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:  

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ☐    No  ☒

As of August 1, 2022, there were approximately 34,236,552 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding.

Benefitfocus, Inc.

Form 10-Q

For the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2022

TABLE OF CONTENTS

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Benefitfocus, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

3

Benefitfocus, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

4

Benefitfocus, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Deficit

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

Benefitfocus, Inc.

Unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.

6

BENEFITFOCUS, INC.

NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

1. Organization and Description of Business

Benefitfocus, Inc. (the “Company”) provides a leading cloud-based benefits management platform for consumers, employers, health plans (also known as insurance carriers) and brokers that is designed to simplify how organizations and individuals transact benefits. The financial statements of the Company include the financial position and operations of its wholly owned subsidiaries, Benefitfocus.com, Inc., BenefitStore, LLC (formerly, BenefitStore, Inc.) and Tango Health, Inc.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidation. The Company is not the primary beneficiary of, nor does it have a controlling financial interest in, any variable interest entity. Accordingly, the Company has not consolidated any variable interest entity.

Interim Unaudited Consolidated Financial Information

The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements and footnotes have been prepared in accordance with GAAP as contained in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (the “Codification” or “ASC”) for interim financial information, and with Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, the interim financial information includes all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for a fair presentation of the results of operations and comprehensive loss, financial position, changes in stockholders’ deficit and cash flows. The results of operations and comprehensive loss for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the full year or for any other future periods. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and related footnotes for the year ended December 31, 2021 included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Such estimates include allowances for credit losses and returns, valuations of deferred income taxes, long-lived assets, capitalizable software development costs and the related amortization, contingent consideration, incremental borrowing rate used in lease accounting, the determination of the useful lives of assets, and the impairment assessment of right-of-use assets, acquired intangibles and goodwill. Additionally, as described in revenue and deferred revenue below, estimates are utilized in association with revenue recognition, in particular the estimation of variable consideration using the expected value method from insurance broker commissions reported in Platform revenue. Determination of these transactions and account balances are based on, among other things, the Company’s estimates and judgments. These estimates are based on the Company’s knowledge of current events and actions it may undertake in the future as well as on various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

Restructuring Costs

Restructuring costs are comprised of one-time severance charges, continuation of health benefits and outplacement services and are presented separately in operating expenses in the consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss. The Company recorded restructuring costs of $1,006 and $ 1,400 from a reduction to its workforce during January 2022 and 2021, respectively. In June 2021, the Company recorded restructuring costs of $2,727 from the elimination of the office of the executive chairman of the board of directors.

Revenue and Deferred Revenue

The Company derives its revenue primarily from fees for subscription services and professional services sold to employers and health plans as well as platform revenue derived from the value of products sold on its platform. Revenue is recognized when control of these services is transferred to customers, in an amount that reflects the consideration the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those services. Taxes collected from customers relating to services and remitted to governmental authorities are excluded from revenue.

The Company determines revenue recognition through the following steps:

7

Software Services Revenue

Software services revenue consists of subscription revenue and platform revenue.

Subscription Revenue

Subscription revenue primarily consists of monthly or annual subscription fees paid to the Company by its employer and health plan customers for access to, and usage of, cloud-based benefits software solutions for a specified contract term. Fees are generally charged based on the number of employees or subscribers with access to the solution.

Subscription services revenue is generally recognized on a ratable basis over the contract term beginning on the date the subscription services are made available to the customer. The Company’s subscription service contracts are generally three years.

Subscription revenue also includes fees paid for other services, such as event sponsorships and certain data services.

Platform Revenue

Platform revenue is generated from the value of policies or products enrolled in through the Company’s marketplace.  Platform revenue from insurance carriers is generally recognized over the policy period of the enrolled products. In arrangements where the Company sells policies to employees of its customers as the broker, it earns broker commissions. Revenue from insurance broker commissions and supplier transactions is recognized at a point in time when the orders for the policies are received and transferred to the insurance carrier or supplier and is reduced by constraints for variable consideration associated with collectability, policy cancellation and termination risks.

Professional Services Revenue

Professional services revenue primarily consists of fees related to the implementation of software products purchased by customers.  Professional services typically include discovery, configuration and deployment, integration, testing, and training. Fees from consulting services and support services are also included in professional services revenue.

The Company determined that implementation services for certain of its health plan customers significantly modify or customize the software solution and, as such, do not represent a distinct performance obligation. Accordingly, revenue from such implementation services with these health plan customers are generally recognized over the contract term of the associated subscription services contract, including any extension periods representing a material right. In certain arrangements, the Company utilizes estimates of hours as a measure of progress to determine revenue.

Revenue from implementation services with employer customers is generally recognized as those services are performed.

Revenue from support is recognized over the service period.

Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations

Certain of the Company’s contracts with customers contain multiple performance obligations. For these contracts, the individual performance obligations are accounted for separately if they are distinct. The Company allocates the transaction price to the separate performance obligations based on their relative standalone selling prices. The Company determines the standalone selling prices based on its overall pricing objectives, taking into consideration market conditions and other factors, including the value of its contracts, the subscription services sold, customer size and complexity, and the number and types of users under the contracts.

Contract Costs

The Company capitalizes costs to obtain contracts that are considered incremental and recoverable, such as sales commissions.  Payments of sales commissions generally include multiple payments. The Company capitalizes only those payments made within an insignificant time from the contract inception, typically three months or less.  Subsequent payments are expensed as incurred. The capitalized costs are amortized to sales and marketing expense over the estimated period of benefit of the asset, which is generally four to five years. The Company expenses the costs to obtain a contract when the amortization period is less than one year. Capitalized fulfillment costs are reviewed for impairment if changes to customer contracts result in termination or partial termination of services. Deferred costs related to obtaining contracts are included in deferred contract costs and other non-current assets.

The Company capitalizes contract fulfillment costs directly associated with customer contracts that are not related to satisfying performance obligations. The costs are amortized to cost of revenue expense over the estimated period of benefit, which is generally five years. Deferred fulfillment costs are included in deferred contract costs and other non-current assets.

The following tables present information about deferred contract costs:

8

Cost of Revenue

Cost of revenue primarily consists of employee compensation, professional services, data center co-location costs, networking expenses, depreciation expense for computer equipment directly associated with generating revenue, amortization expense for capitalized software development costs, amortization of acquired intangibles, and infrastructure maintenance costs. In addition, the Company allocates a portion of overhead, such as facilities and security costs, additional depreciation and amortization expense, and employee benefit costs to cost of revenue based on headcount.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of bank checking accounts and money market accounts. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash consists of voluntary benefits premiums collected by the Company from its customer members. Restricted cash amounts are segregated in separate bank accounts and are used exclusively for the payment of the related amounts due to third-party insurance providers for benefits enrolled in by customer members. This usage restriction is contractually imposed and reflects the Company’s intention with regards to such deposits. Restricted cash was de minimis as of June 30, 2022 and there was no restricted cash as of December 31, 2021.

Marketable Securities

Marketable securities consist of short-term investments in corporate bonds, commercial paper, and U.S. Treasury and agency bonds. During the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company changed the classification of its marketable securities from held-to-maturity to available-for-sale based on its intent to sell the securities. The Company’s available-for-sale marketable securities are recorded at fair value which approximates cost due to the short duration of such securities.

Debt securities classified as either available-for-sale or held-to-maturity are subject to the expected credit loss model prescribed under Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses of Financial Instruments”. The Company utilizes a lifetime expected credit loss measurement objective for the recognition of credit losses for debt securities at the time the financial asset is originated or acquired. The Company measures expected credit losses on its debt portfolio on a collective basis by major security type. The expected credit losses are adjusted each period for changes in expected lifetime credit losses. The Company’s credit loss calculations for debt securities are based upon historical default and recovery rates of bonds rated with the same rating as its portfolio. An adjustment factor is applied to these credit loss calculations based upon the Company’s assessment of the expected impact from current economic conditions on its investments. The Company monitors the credit quality of debt securities through the use of their respective credit rating and updates them on a quarterly basis. The allowance for credit losses is discussed in Note 7.

Insurance Recovery

The Company and several other defendants were involved with a legal proceeding regarding a complaint filed by the City of Pittsburgh Comprehensive Municipal Pension Trust Fund in the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of New York (the “Court”). The complaint asserts claims on behalf of a class of persons who acquired our common stock in or traceable to the Company’s secondary public offering commenced on or about March 1, 2019. The complaint alleges that the defendants violated the federal securities laws by, among other things, making misrepresentations about the Company’s commercial relationships and failing to disclose certain material adverse facts, trends or uncertainties or significant risks that made the secondary public offering speculative and risky. The complaint seeks rescission or rescissory damages and compensatory damages. The Company recently received preliminary approval by the Court for settlement of this case. Based on facts and circumstances known to the Company, which include confirmation of the claim by the Company’s insurance broker and that it is a remote probability that the estimated recovery under the claim will change, an insurance recovery of $9,240 was recorded to prepaid and other current assets, with a corresponding liability recorded to accrued expenses.

Concentrations of Credit Risk

The Company’s financial instruments that are exposed to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and accounts receivable. All of the Company’s cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash are held at financial institutions that management believes to be of high credit quality. The bank deposits of the Company exceed federally insured

9

limits and are generally uninsured and uncollateralized. The Company has not experienced any losses on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash to date.

To manage accounts receivable risk, the Company evaluates the creditworthiness of its customers and maintains an allowance for doubtful accounts. Accounts receivable are unsecured and derived from revenue earned from customers located in the United States. No customer exceeded 10% of accounts receivable as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. No customer exceeded 10% of total revenue in any of the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company uses a current expected credit loss model. Accounts receivable and allowance for credit losses are discussed in Note 7.

Capitalized Software Development Costs

The Company capitalizes certain costs related to its software developed or obtained for internal use. Costs related to preliminary project activities and post-implementation activities are expensed as incurred. Internal and external costs incurred during the application development stage, including upgrades and enhancements representing modifications that will result in significant additional functionality, are capitalized. Software maintenance and training costs are expensed as incurred. Capitalized costs are recorded as part of property and equipment and are amortized on a straight-line basis to cost of revenue over the software’s estimated useful life, which is three years. The Company evaluates these assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances occur that could impact the recoverability of these assets.

The following tables present information about capitalized software development costs:

Leases

The Company periodically enters into finance leases for property and equipment. The leasing arrangements for the Company’s office space at its headquarters campus are classified as finance leases.  The Company also leases office space under operating leases.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Right of use (“ROU”) assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term. Lease liabilities represent an obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Leases with a term of 12 months or less are not included in the recognized ROU assets and lease liabilities for all classes of assets.

ROU assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Because the Company’s leases do not provide an implicit interest rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate based on information available at commencement date to determine the present value of lease payments. The ROU asset also consists of any prepaid lease payments, lease incentives, or initial direct costs. The lease terms used to calculate the ROU asset and related lease liability include options to extend or terminate the lease when it is reasonably certain that the Company will exercise that option.

Lease expense for operating leases is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term as an operating expense while the expense for finance leases is recognized as depreciation expense and interest expense. The Company has lease agreements which require payments for lease and non-lease components (e.g., common area maintenance and equipment maintenance) that are accounted for as a single lease component. Variable lease payment amounts that cannot be determined at the commencement of the lease, such as maintenance costs based on future obligations, are not included in the ROU assets or liabilities. These are expensed as incurred and recorded as variable lease expense.

Comprehensive Loss

The Company’s net loss equals comprehensive loss for all periods presented.

Recently Adopted Accounting Standards

Convertible Debt

10

On January 1, 2022, the Company adopted ASU No. 2020-06, “Debt - Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging - Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40)”. The update simplifies the accounting for convertible debt instruments and convertible preferred stock by reducing the number of accounting models and the number of embedded conversion features that could be recognized separately from the primary contract. This ASU also enhances transparency and improves disclosures for convertible instruments and earnings per share guidance. The Company adopted this update using the modified retrospective transition method at the beginning of the period of adoption. Accordingly, the Company did not adjust prior period financial statements, and recognized a cumulative-effect adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit in 2022 in the amount of $40,669. The adoption of this standard had a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements as follows:

The adoption of this standard did not impact the manner in which the Company has or will reflect the convertible senior notes in diluted EPS.

3. Business Combination

On November 19, 2021, the Company purchased 100% of the outstanding stock of Tango Health, Inc. (“Tango Health”), for total consideration of $28,471.  This acquisition added technology to strengthen the Company’s platform, expand its customer reach, and enhance the value the Company delivers to its Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (“ACA”) compliance customers.

As the valuation of certain assets and liabilities for purposes of purchase price allocations are preliminary in nature, they are subject to adjustment as additional information is obtained about the facts and circumstances regarding these assets and liabilities that existed at the acquisition date. Any adjustments to our estimates of acquisition accounting will be made in the periods in which the adjustments are determined, and the cumulative effect of such adjustments will be calculated as if the adjustments had been completed as of the acquisition date. The preliminary acquisition accounting will be finalized within one year from the date of acquisition. The Company believes the information gathered to date provides a reasonable basis for estimating the preliminary fair and recorded values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed.  

The following table summarizes the preliminary fair value of the consideration paid and the amounts of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed recognized at the acquisition date:

The goodwill of $21,380 arising from the acquisition relates to the growth of the business through future adaptations of the technology and the growth of the business through new customers. The goodwill recognized from this stock acquisition is not deductible for income tax purposes.

The identifiable intangible assets acquired have a weighted average amortization period of 6.9 years and include developed technology, customer relationships, and trade name.  The Company did not acquire any contingent liabilities as part of the transaction.

11

During the first quarter of 2022 the Company transferred the previously recorded consideration payable of $500. In April 2022, the Company transferred approximately $675 in previously recorded contingent consideration related to the attainment of certain sales criteria by January 31, 2022. Additionally, consideration transferred to complete the acquisition includes contingently returnable consideration of $1,598 which includes a fair value adjustment of $719 recorded during the second quarter 2022 that is measured at fair value and classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, as presented in Note 5. The Company uses a probability weighted value analysis as the valuation technique to estimate future cash flow and subsequently converted those cash flows to a single present value amount. The significant unobservable input used in estimating the fair value of the contingently returnable consideration was a renewal of a customer relationship by June 30, 2022. Significant increases or decreases to these inputs would result in a higher or lower asset or liability capped by reasonable assumptions within a relatively short period of time. As of June 30, 2022, none of the contingently returnable consideration had been released from escrow.

Contract assets and deferred revenue balances were recorded at the book amounts acquired as the contract terms and performance obligations were consistent with the Company's application of the provisions of ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. All other assets acquired and liabilities assumed were recorded at preliminary fair and recorded values. The fair value of the assets and liabilities assumed is provisional pending finalization of the Company’s review of supporting records for these assets and liabilities.

Revenue recognized by the Company related to the operations of and identifiable expenses associated with the acquired business were immaterial for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2022.

Supplemental pro forma revenue and earnings information are not presented because the Company determined they were immaterial to the consolidated financial statements. The Company estimates that the difference between pro forma information compared to reported results would not be significant.

4. Net Loss Per Common Share

Diluted loss per common share is the same as basic loss per common share for all periods presented because the effects of potentially dilutive items were anti-dilutive given the Company’s net loss.

The following common share equivalent securities have been excluded from the calculation of weighted average common shares outstanding because the effect is anti-dilutive for the periods presented:

Basic and diluted net loss per common share is calculated as follows:

5. Fair Value Measurement

The carrying amounts of certain of the Company’s financial instruments, including cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, net accounts receivable, accounts payable and other accrued liabilities, and accrued compensation and benefits, approximate fair value due to their short-term nature. The carrying value of the Company’s financing obligations approximates fair value, considering the borrowing rates currently available to the Company with similar terms and credit risks.

12

The Company uses a three-tier fair value hierarchy to classify and disclose all assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, as well as assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis, in periods subsequent to their initial measurement. The hierarchy requires the Company to use observable inputs when available, and to minimize the use of unobservable inputs when determining fair value. The three tiers are defined as follows:

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The Company evaluates its financial assets and liabilities subject to fair value measurements on a recurring basis to determine the appropriate level to classify them for each reporting period. This determination requires significant judgments to be made.

The following tables present information about the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using the above categories:

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis Using Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)

The following table presents information about the Company’s assets that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using the above categories:

6. Marketable Securities

Marketable securities consist of corporate bonds, commercial paper and U.S. Treasury and agency bonds. There were no marketable securities as of June 30, 2022. All marketable securities had contractual maturities of less than one year as of December 31, 2021. The following table presents information about the Company’s marketable securities by major security type:

13

The Company invests in highly rated securities with maturities of two years or less at the time of purchase. Given the credit quality of the financial assets and the historical loss experience associated with their respective credit ratings as well as the duration of these financial assets and the short time horizon over which to consider expectations of future economic conditions, the Company has assessed that non-collection of the cost basis of these financial assets is remote.

7. Accounts Receivable, net

Accounts receivable, net include:

Accounts receivable are stated at their amortized cost adjusted for any write-offs and allowances for returns. The Company estimates expected credit losses related to accounts receivable balances based on a review of available and relevant information including current economic conditions, projected economic conditions, historical loss experience, account aging, and other factors that could affect collectability. Expected credit losses are determined individually or collectively depending on whether the accounts receivable balances share similar risk characteristics. The allowance for credit losses is the best estimate of the amount of expected credit losses related to existing accounts receivable. The Company does not have any off-balance sheet credit exposure related to its customers.

The allowances for returns are accounted for as reductions of revenue and are estimated based on the Company’s periodic assessment of historical experience and trends. The Company considers factors such as historical reasons for adjustments, service and delivery issues or delays, and past due customer billings.

8. Convertible Senior Notes

In December 2018, the Company issued $240,000 aggregate principal amount of 1.25% convertible senior notes (“Notes”) due December 15, 2023, unless earlier repurchased by the Company or converted by the holder pursuant to their terms. Interest is payable semiannually in arrears on June 15 and December 15 of each year, commencing on June 15, 2019.

The Notes are governed by an Indenture between the Company, as issuer, and U.S. Bank, National Association, as trustee. The Notes are unsecured and rank: senior in right of payment to the Company’s future indebtedness that is expressly subordinated in right of payment to the Notes; equal in right of payment to the Company’s unsecured indebtedness that is not subordinated; effectively junior in right of payment to any of the Company’s senior, secured indebtedness to the extent of the value of the assets securing such indebtedness; and structurally junior to all indebtedness and other liabilities incurred by the Company’s subsidiaries.

Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of common stock, at the Company’s election.

At issuance, the Notes had an initial conversion rate of 18.8076 shares of common stock per $1 principal amount of Notes, which represented an initial effective conversion price of approximately $53.17 per share of common stock and 4,513,824 shares issuable upon conversion. Throughout the term of the Notes, the conversion rate may be adjusted upon the occurrence of certain events. Holders of the Notes will not receive any cash payment representing accrued and unpaid interest, if any, upon conversion of a Note, except in limited circumstances. Accrued but unpaid interest will be deemed to be paid by cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock paid or delivered, as the case may be, to the holder upon conversion of Notes.

Prior to the close of business on September 14, 2023, the Notes will be convertible at the option of holders during certain periods, only upon satisfaction of certain conditions set forth below. On or after September 15, 2023, until the close of business on the second

14

scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert all or any portion of their Notes at the conversion price at any time regardless of whether the conditions set forth below have been met.

Holders may convert all or a portion of their Notes prior to the close of business on September 14, 2023, in multiples of $1 principal amount, only under the following circumstances:

As of June 30, 2022, the Notes were not convertible.

Based on market data available for publicly traded, senior, unsecured corporate bonds issued by companies in the same industry and with similar maturity, the Company estimated the implied market interest rate of its Notes to be approximately 7.30%, assuming no conversion option. Assumptions used in the estimate represent what market participants would use in pricing the liability component of the Notes, including market interest rates, credit standing, and yield curves, all of which are defined as Level 2 observable inputs. The estimated implied interest rate was applied to the Notes, which resulted in a fair value of the liability component of $181,500 upon issuance, calculated as the present value of future contractual payments based on the $240,000 aggregate principal amount. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its carrying amount, or the debt discount, is amortized to interest expense over the term of the Notes. The $58,500 difference between the gross proceeds received from issuance of the Notes of $240,000 and the estimated fair value of the liability component represented the equity component of the Notes and was recorded in additional paid-in capital. The equity component was not remeasured as long as it continued to meet the conditions for equity classification. As discussed in Note 2, the Company adopted ASU 2020-06 under the modified retrospective approach effective January 1, 2022. As a result of adoption, the equity component of the debt discount was eliminated.

In accounting for the transaction costs related to the issuance of the Notes, the Company allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components in proportion to the allocation of proceeds. Transaction costs attributable to the liability component, totaling $4,808, were amortized to expense over the term of the Notes, and transaction costs attributable to the equity component, totaling $1,550, were included with the equity component in shareholders’ deficit. As discussed in Note 2, the Company adopted ASU 2020-06 under the modified retrospective approach effective January 1, 2022. As a result of adoption, the remaining transaction costs, as of December 31, 2021, previously classified as equity, were reclassified to the Note liability.

The Notes consist of the following:

The following table sets forth total interest expense recognized related to the Notes:

_________________

15

As of June 30, 2022, the fair value of the Notes, which was determined based on inputs that are observable in the market or that could be derived from, or corroborated with, observable market data, quoted price of the Notes in an over-the-counter market (Level 2), and carrying value of debt instruments (carrying value excludes the equity component of the Company’s Notes classified in equity prior to the adoption of ASU 2020-06 on January 1, 2022 as discussed in Note 2) were as follows:

In connection with the issuance of the Notes, the Company entered into capped call transactions with certain counterparties affiliated with the initial purchasers and others. The capped call transactions are expected to reduce potential dilution of earnings per share upon conversion of the Notes. Under the capped call transactions, the Company purchased capped call options that in the aggregate relate to the total number of shares of the Company’s common stock underlying the Notes, with an initial strike price of approximately $53.17 per share, which corresponds to the initial conversion price of the Notes and is subject to anti-dilution adjustments substantially similar to those applicable to the conversion rate of the Notes, and have a cap price of approximately $89.98. The cost of the purchased capped calls of $33,024 was recorded to stockholders’ deficit and will not be re-measured provided it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification.

Based on the closing price of our common stock of $7.78 on June 30, 2022, the last trading day of the quarter, the if-converted value of the Notes was less than their respective principal amounts.

9. Revolving Line of Credit

The Company entered into a credit facility with Silicon Valley Bank providing for a revolving line of credit agreement on March 3, 2020. This agreement replaced the Company’s previous agreement with Silicon Valley Bank, which expired on February 20, 2020. The three-year agreement has a borrowing limit of $50,000, with the ability for the Company to increase it to up to $100,000. Interest is payable monthly. Advances under the agreement bear interest at (a) the higher of (i) the prime rate as published in the Wall Street Journal or (ii) the federal funds effective rate plus 0.50%, plus (b) an applicable margin ranging from (0.50%) to 0.50% based on the Company’s Average Daily Usage (“ADU”) of the credit facility in the preceding month. The Company also is charged for amounts unused under this arrangement at a rate ranging from 0.00% to 0.40% based on the Company’s ADU in the preceding month. Any outstanding principal is due at the end of the term.

The obligations of the Company under the credit facility are secured by a first priority lien (subject to certain permitted liens) in substantially all of the personal property assets of the Company and its subsidiaries pursuant to the terms of a Guarantee and Collateral Agreement, dated March 3, 2020 and the other security documents.

The credit facility requires the Company to maintain a Consolidated Adjusted Quick Ratio (“AQR”) of (i) Consolidated Quick Assets to (ii) Consolidated Current Liabilities minus the current portion of Deferred Revenue of at least 1.25 to 1.00 as of the last day of any fiscal quarter, and, if the AQR is less than 2.00 to 1.00, a Minimum Consolidated EBITDA of at least $1.00 for any such fiscal quarter calculated on a trailing 12-month basis. The Company also has agreed to fiscal year dollar limits on its capital expenditures. If an event of default occurs, the lender would be entitled to take various actions, including the acceleration of amounts due under the credit facility and all actions permitted to be taken by a secured creditor.

There were no amounts outstanding under the Company’s revolving line of credit as of June 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021. The amount available to borrow was $50,000 and the interest rate was 4.25% as of June 30, 2022. No amounts were borrowed or repaid under the credit facility during each of the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.

10. Commitments

Supplemental cash flow information related to the Company’s operating and finance leases was as follows:

As of June 30, 2022, the Company had no additional significant operating or finance leases that had not yet commenced.

In May 2022, the Company entered into a non-cancellable sublease agreement for a portion of its headquarters campus. The sublease term expires May 31, 2028 and may be renewed at the option of the sublessee through November 30, 2031. Because rental market conditions have declined since the Company entered into its lease, payments to the Company under the sublease are less than its current obligation for the asset. Accordingly, the Company recorded an impairment loss of the financing lease ROU asset of $1,769 based on the excess of the carrying amount over the calculated fair value of the sublease. This impairment expense was included in operating expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2022.

16

In April 2021, the Company entered into a non-cancellable sublease agreement for a portion of its headquarters campus. The sublease term expires May 31, 2028 and may be renewed at the option of the sublessee through November 30, 2031. Because market conditions and value have declined since the Company entered into its lease, payments to the Company under the sublease are less than its current obligation for the asset. Accordingly, the Company recorded an impairment loss of the financing lease ROU asset of $4,003 based on the excess of the carrying amount over the calculated fair value of the sublease. This impairment expense was included in operating expenses in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss for the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2021.

11. Redeemable Preferred Stock

On June 4, 2020, the Company issued and sold 1,777,778 shares of its newly created series of preferred stock, par value of $0.001 per share, designated as “Series A Convertible Preferred Stock” (the “Preferred Stock”) to BuildGroup LLC (the “Buyer”) at a purchase price of $45 per share, resulting in total gross proceeds for the Company of approximately $80,000.  A member of the Company’s Board of Directors is the Chief Executive Officer of the Buyer. The Buyer also has a second representative on the Board.

The Preferred Stock ranks senior to the Company’s common stock with respect to dividends and distributions on liquidation, winding-up and dissolution. Each share of the Preferred Stock has an initial stated value of $45 per share. Holders of shares of the Preferred Stock are entitled to a dividend equal to 8.00% per annum (the “Regular Dividends”), payable quarterly, beginning on June 30, 2020. The Regular Dividends are payable in cash or in kind, at the Company’s option. In the event a Regular Dividend is paid in kind, the stated value of each share of the Preferred Stock will be increased by an amount equal to the accrued Regular Dividend not paid in cash. As of June 30, 2022, the Company had paid all dividends on the Preferred Stock in cash. Holders of the Preferred Stock are also entitled to participate in and receive any dividends declared or paid on the common stock on an as-converted basis, and no dividends may be paid to holders of the common stock unless full participating dividends are concurrently paid to the holders of the Preferred Stock.

Each holder of the Preferred Stock has the right, at its option, to convert its shares of the Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, into fully paid and non-assessable shares of the common stock, at any time and from time to time. The number of shares of the common stock into which a share of the Preferred Stock will convert at any time is equal to the quotient obtained by dividing its stated value then in effect plus any accumulated and unpaid Regular Dividends by its conversion price of $15.00. The conversion price is subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments, including adjustments in the event of any stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization or similar events. At closing, before payment of any dividends in kind, the 1,777,778 shares of the Preferred Stock were convertible into 5,333,334 shares of common stock.

The Company may, at its option, redeem the outstanding shares of the Preferred Stock following the fourth anniversary of its issuance. Redemption by the Company is subject to certain liquidity conditions as well as conditions connected with the trading price of its common stock. Upon redemption by the Company, the Company will pay the holder of the Preferred Stock 105% of the initial stated value of such share plus any increase in the stated value from the initial stated value plus accumulated and unpaid Regular Dividends. If the Company undergoes a change of control as defined in the purchase agreement, the Company must redeem all of the then-outstanding shares of the Preferred Stock for cash consideration equal to the greater of the amount due for redemption as described above and the amount such holder of shares of the Preferred Stock would have received in respect of the number of shares of the Common Stock that would be issuable upon conversion of such share of the Series A Preferred Stock.

Unless and until approval of the Company’s stockholders is obtained as contemplated by the NASDAQ listing rules, no holder of the Preferred Stock may convert shares of the Preferred Stock into shares of common stock if and to the extent that such conversion would result in the holder beneficially owning in excess of 19.9% of the then-outstanding shares of the common stock.

As long as not less than 60% of the shares of the Preferred Stock originally issued remain outstanding, the holders of a majority of the then-outstanding shares of the Preferred Stock, voting together as a single class, have the right at any election of directors to elect two directors if the Board consists of nine or fewer directors or three directors if the Board consists of 10 directors. At any time, such elected director(s) may be removed with or without cause only by the affirmative vote or written consent of a majority of the holders of the Preferred Stock entitled to elect such director.

Holders of the Preferred Stock generally are entitled to vote with the holders of the shares of the common stock on all matters submitted for a vote of holders of shares of the common stock (voting together with the holders of shares of the common stock as one class) on an as-converted basis, subject to a limitation of ownership of 19.9% of common stock. Additionally, certain matters require the approval of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of the Preferred Stock, voting as a separate class.

The Buyer is subject to limitations while it holds at least 10% of the Preferred Stock originally purchased. Furthermore, until the earliest of May 30, 2024 and receipt of a notice of redemption, the Buyer cannot sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of the shares of the Preferred Stock or the underlying shares of the common stock, subject to limited exceptions that include exceptions in the case of transfers to certain permitted transferees.

For so long as the Buyer and its affiliates collectively hold at least 60% of the shares of the Preferred Stock originally purchased by it or the common stock issuable upon conversion thereof, the Company will pay the Buyer a fee of $400 for the first year following closing and $200 per year thereafter. These management and oversight fees are expensed over the period incurred.

17

In the period of issuance, the Company incurred $807 in issuance costs related to the sale of the Preferred Stock, including $150 of reimbursement to the Buyer for reasonable fees and out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Buyer in connection with the transaction. The issuance costs were netted against the proceeds from this transaction.

12. Stock-based Compensation

Restricted Stock Units

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, the Company granted 1,603,292 restricted stock units, or RSUs, to employees and officers with an aggregate grant date fair value of $19,551. These RSUs vest in equal annual installments over various periods generally ranging from three years to up to four years from the grant date, subject to continued service to the Company. The Company amortizes the grant date fair value of the stock subject to the RSUs on a straight-line basis over the period of vesting. The weighted-average vesting period for these RSUs is 3.99 years from the date of grant.

The Company granted 861,628 performance RSUs with an aggregate grant date fair value of $10,753 during the six months ended June 30, 2022. The aggregate grant date fair value of the performance RSUs assuming target achievement was $8,120. The number of performance RSUs that will vest will be determined upon the achievement of certain financial targets for 2022, and vesting will then occur in equal annual installments generally over one year or four years from the grant date. The actual number of shares issued upon vesting could range between 0% and 100% of the number of awards granted. The grant date fair value of the stock subject to the performance RSUs is amortized to expense on an accelerated basis over the period of vesting. The weighted-average vesting period for these performance RSUs is approximately 3.20 years from the date of grant.

13. Stockholders’ Deficit

Common Stock

The holders of common stock are entitled to one vote for each share. The voting, dividend and liquidation rights of the holders of common stock are subject to and qualified by the rights, powers and preferences of the holders of preferred stock.

At June 30, 2022, the Company had reserved a total of 13,366,384 of its authorized 95,000,000 shares of common stock for future issuance as follows:

18

14. Revenue

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table provide information about disaggregation of revenue by service line:

Contract Balances

The following table provides information about contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers:

The Company recognizes payments from customers based on contractual billing schedules. Accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. Contract assets include amounts related to the Company’s contractual right to consideration for completed performance objectives not yet invoiced. Contract liabilities include payments received in advance of performance under the contract and are recognized as revenue when earned under the contract. The Company had no asset impairment charges related to contract assets during each of the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.

During the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2022, there were no significant changes in the contract assets outside of standard revenue and billing activity.

Revenue recognized during the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2022 that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of the period was $12,450 and $22,019, respectively.

During the three- and six-month periods ended June 30, 2022, there were no significant adjustments to revenue arising from performance obligations satisfied or partially satisfied in previous periods.

Performance Obligations

As of June 30, 2022, the aggregate amount of the Company’s performance obligations that are unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied were approximately $227,000, of which a majority are expected to be satisfied within the next three years. The Company excludes from its population of performance obligations contracts with original durations of one year or less, contract renewal periods that renew automatically, and amounts of variable consideration that are allocated to wholly unsatisfied distinct service that forms part of a single performance obligation and meets certain variable allocation criteria.

15. Income Taxes

The Company’s effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2022 was less than one percent, primarily as a result of estimated taxable income for the fiscal year-to-date offset by the utilization of net operating loss carryforwards. Tax expense relates to estimated state income taxes and indefinite life intangibles. The limitation on the utilization of net operating losses in the indefinite life period is limited to 80% of taxable income because of provisions in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

16. Segments Information

The Company views its operations and manages its business as one operating segment. Segment information matches the consolidated financial information for the current period and prior periods reported.

19

17. Related Parties

Series A Preferred Stock

As described in Note 11, the Company sold 1,777,778 shares of Preferred Stock to an entity (the “Buyer”) whose Chief Executive Officer is a member of the Company’s Board of Directors. The Company paid dividends of $1,600 to the Buyer in each of the three-month periods ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, and $3,200 to the Buyer in each of the six-month periods ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. Additionally, the Company paid management oversight fees of $50 and $86 to the Buyer for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $100 and $186 to the Buyer for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. There were no management oversight fees due to the Buyer as of June 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021.

Expenses

During April 2022, the Company made a one-time reimbursement of $600 for agreed upon fees and expenses, including legal expenses, to an entity which is a significant stockholder and whose Investment Partner is a member of the Company’s Board of Directors.

18. Subsequent Events

Business Combination

In July 2022, the Company received the contingently returnable consideration due related to its acquisition of Tango Health, as described in Note 3. The consideration received approximated its June 30, 2022 fair value.

20

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” that involve risks and uncertainties, as well as assumptions that, if they never materialize or prove incorrect, could cause our results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. The statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that are not purely historical are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or Exchange Act. Such forward-looking statements include any expectation of earnings, revenue or other financial items; any statements of the plans, strategies and objectives of management for future operations; factors that may affect our operating results; statements related to future economic conditions in the United States and the potential impact on our business; statements about our ability to retain and hire necessary associates and appropriately staff our operations; statements about our ability to establish and maintain intellectual property rights; statements related to future capital expenditures; statements as to industry trends; volatility and uncertainty in the global economy and financial markets in light of the evolving COVID-19 pandemic; and other matters that do not relate strictly to historical facts or statements of assumptions underlying any of the foregoing. Forward-looking statements are often identified by the use of words such as, but not limited to, “anticipate,” “believe,” “can,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “might,” “will,” “plan,” “project,” “seek,” “should,” “target,” “would,” and similar expressions or variations intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are based on the beliefs and assumptions of our management based on information currently available to management. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause actual results and the timing of certain events to differ materially from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included in Item 1A of Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and the risks discussed in our other SEC filings. Furthermore, such forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of such statements.

As used in this report, the terms “Benefitfocus, Inc.,” “Benefitfocus,” “Company,” “company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” mean Benefitfocus, Inc. and its subsidiaries unless the context indicates otherwise.

21

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and with the financial statements, related notes and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as amended for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021. The following discussion contains forward-looking statements that reflect our plans, estimates and beliefs. Our actual results could differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in the section titled “Risk Factors” included in Item 1A of Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and the risks discussed below and in our other SEC filings.

Overview

Benefitfocus is an industry-leading, cloud-based benefits administration technology company serving employers and health plans. We help organizations simplify the complexity of benefits administration while engaging people in the right healthcare and benefit programs for them and their families. We also deliver insights to employers, health plans and their advisors to help maximize returns on their healthcare investment; and our services help reduce administrative burden and costs for organizations.

Benefitfocus solutions are based on a multi-tenant architecture and have a user-friendly interface designed for people to access all of their benefits in one place. Our comprehensive one-to-many model supports a broad line-up of benefits including core medical benefit plans; ancillary benefits, such as, dental, life, disability insurance, mental health and financial wellness; and a broad array of voluntary benefits. Our platform includes functionality designed to help consumers identify and evaluate benefit options available to them. We believe that as the number of employer benefits plans has increased, with each plan subject to many different business rules and requirements, demand for Benefitfocus solutions is growing.

Our economic model includes a transaction-oriented solution, known as our Benefit Catalog, that aligns brokers, carriers and suppliers around the needs of employers and employees. In this model, Benefit Catalog sellers, who are carriers and suppliers, offer their voluntary and specialty benefit products in a “marketplace” alongside the benefits enrollment platform. This marketplace is designed to increase the economic value of the employee and consumer lives on our platform by aligning Benefit Catalog products to consumer needs. In exchange for Benefitfocus delivering employee/consumer access, data-driven analysis and operational efficiencies, seller partners pay us a percentage of the purchases completed on our platform. Carrier agreements generally have terms of two to four years and are typically cancellable upon breach of contract or insolvency. Supplier contracts have terms of one year or less and are generally cancellable upon breach of contract, failure to cure, bankruptcy and termination for convenience.

We classify our revenue into three streams – subscription, platform, and professional services revenue. Subscription and platform revenue are combined and reported as software services revenue.  

Subscription revenue primarily consists of monthly subscription fees paid to us by our employer and health plan customers for access to, and usage of, cloud-based benefits software solutions for a specified contract term. Subscription fees are generally charged based on the number of employees or subscribers with access to the solution. Subscription revenue accounted for approximately 74% and 73% of our total revenue during the three-month period ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and approximately 72% and 71% of our total revenue during the six-month period ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Platform revenue includes Benefit Catalog transactional revenue, which is generated from the value of the policies or products enrolled in through our marketplace. Benefit Catalog revenue from insured products is generally recognized over the policy period of the enrolled products. In arrangements where we sell policies to employees of our customers as the broker, we earn insurance broker commissions. Revenue from insurance broker commissions and Benefit Catalog supplier transactions is generally recognized at the time when open enrollment is complete and the orders for policies are transferred to the supplier. Platform revenue accounted for approximately 12% and 10% of our total revenue during the three-month period ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and approximately 11% of our total revenue during each of the six-month periods ended June 30, 2022 and 2021.

Our professional services revenue stream is largely derived from the implementation of our customers onto our platform, which typically includes discovery, configuration and deployment, integration, testing, and training. We also provide customer support services and customized media content that supports our customers’ effort to educate and communicate with consumers. Professional services revenue accounted for approximately 14% and 18% of our total revenue during the three-month period ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and approximately 17% and 18% of our total revenue during the six-month period ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

We believe there is a substantial addressable market for our products and services, and we have been investing to further enhance and expand our products over the past several years. We believe that our continued innovation and solutions, which extend the functionality of our offerings, provide more robust data analytics capabilities and enhance our ability to quickly respond to evolving market needs. We believe these innovative capabilities, as well as strong customer service, will help us attract and retain new customers, partners and brokers and increase our revenue from existing customers and relationships. Through our considerable domain expertise, a best-in-class experience, as well as continued innovation on our platform, we believe we will drive better customer retention. We are committed to strengthening our core, growing with intent and increasing our operational efficiencies to deliver exceptional value to our customers and shareholders.

As we have invested in growth, we have had operating losses in each of the last eleven years. Although our operating results have improved, we could incur operating losses in future periods. Due to the nature of our customer relationships, which have been

22

stable in spite of some customer losses over the past years, and our hybrid subscription and transaction-based financial model, we believe that our current investment in growth should lead to increased revenue in the long-term, which may allow us to achieve profitability in the relatively near future. Of course, our ability to achieve profitability will continue to be subject to many factors beyond our control.

The primary impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business and financial results were longer sales cycles and slowdown in new sales activity in 2020 and 2021, which negatively impacted growth in subscription revenue and platform revenue from new business which is impacting our topline revenue in 2022. While demand from our health plan customers has not returned to pre-pandemic levels, noting health plan administrators redirected focus and resources to competing priorities, we are beginning to see a return in demand from our health plan customers. The trailing impacts of the pandemic on the broader U.S. labor market has resulted in higher seasonal contract labor costs. Additionally, we are continuing to monitor U.S. economic recession risk as an indicator for future impacts on the labor market, which could impact our current customers’ levels of enrollment, as well as future bookings; however, we do not see signs that our customers and prospects have yet been impacted.

However, as a result of the nature of our customer relationships, the stability of our subscription revenue, the cost restructuring actions taken and our ongoing investments in automation and process improvements, we believe we will continue to generate cash flows from operations on an annual basis although there will be fluctuations from quarter to quarter. Of course, our ability to generate cash flows from operations is subject to many risks and factors beyond our control.

Key Financial and Operating Performance Metrics

We regularly monitor a number of financial and operating metrics in order to measure our current performance and project our future performance. These metrics help us develop and refine our growth strategies and make strategic decisions. We discuss revenue, gross margin, and the components of operating loss in “Components of Operating Results” below. In addition, we utilize other key metrics as described below.

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA represents our losses before net interest, taxes, and depreciation and amortization expense, adjusted to eliminate stock-based compensation; transaction and acquisition-related costs expensed; restructuring costs; impairment of goodwill, intangible assets and long-lived assets; gain or loss on extinguishment of debt; other costs not core to our business; loss on settlement of lawsuits; and, now, changes in fair value of contingently returnable consideration. The revision to our definition of adjusted EBITDA had no impact on our reported adjusted EBITDA in prior periods. Please note that other companies might define their non-GAAP financial measures differently than we do.

We have included adjusted EBITDA in this report because it is a key measure used by our management and board of directors to understand and evaluate our core operating performance and trends, to prepare and approve our annual budget, and to develop short- and long-term operational plans. In particular, we believe that the exclusion of the expenses eliminated in calculating adjusted EBITDA can provide a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our core business. Accordingly, we believe that adjusted EBITDA provides useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results.

However, adjusted EBITDA is not a measure calculated in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), and should not be considered as an alternative to any measure of financial performance calculated and presented in accordance with GAAP. Our use of adjusted EBITDA as an analytical tool has limitations, and you should not consider it in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our financial results as reported under GAAP. Some of these limitations are: