BENTLEY SYSTEMS INC - Quarter Report: 2022 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

___________________________________

FORM 10-Q

___________________________________


(Mark One)
☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
			For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022
OR
☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
			For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-39548

___________________________________

BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

___________________________________


Delaware						95-3936623
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

685 Stockton Drive
Exton, Pennsylvania						19341
(Address of principal executive offices)						(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (610) 458-5000

___________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol

Name of each exchange on which registered

Class B Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share

BSY

The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S‑T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non‑accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act.


Large accelerated filer ☒			Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐			Smaller reporting company ☐
			Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b‑2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of November 1, 2022, the registrant had 11,601,757 shares of Class A and 276,790,956 shares of Class B Common Stock outstanding.

BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

FORM 10-Q

TABLE OF CONTENTS


						Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021						3
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021						4
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021						5
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021						6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021						8
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements						10
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations						46
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk						73
Item 4. Controls and Procedures						73

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings						74
Item 1A. Risk Factors						74
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds						74
Item 5. Other Information						75
Item 6. Exhibits						75

SIGNATURE						76

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	72,856	$	329,337
Accounts receivable	214,459		241,807
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(10,802)		(6,541)
Prepaid income taxes	17,414		16,880
Prepaid and other current assets	32,224		34,348
Total current assets	326,151		615,831
Property and equipment, net	30,753		31,823
Operating lease right-of-use assets	41,499		50,818
Intangible assets, net	301,173		245,834
Goodwill	2,193,053		1,588,477
Investments	21,690		6,438
Deferred income taxes	52,751		71,376
Other assets	74,367		48,646
Total assets	$	3,041,437	$	2,659,243
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	16,860	$	16,483
Accruals and other current liabilities	337,442		323,603
Deferred revenues	186,358		224,610
Operating lease liabilities	15,078		17,482
Income taxes payable	8,405		6,696
Current portion of long-term debt	5,000		5,000
Total current liabilities	569,143		593,874
Long-term debt	1,776,610		1,430,992
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	71,013		94,890
Long-term operating lease liabilities	28,776		35,274
Deferred revenues	15,252		7,983
Deferred income taxes	43,817		65,014
Income taxes payable	8,893		7,725
Other liabilities	7,734		14,269
Total liabilities	2,521,238		2,250,021
Commitments and contingencies (Note 18)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 100,000,000 shares; none issued or outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021	—		—
Class A Common Stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 100,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 11,601,757 shares as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, and Class B Common Stock, $0.01 par value, authorized 1,800,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 276,816,008 and 270,924,962 shares as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively	2,884		2,825
Additional paid-in capital	1,005,075		937,805
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(101,929)		(91,774)
Accumulated deficit	(385,831)		(439,634)
Total stockholders’ equity	520,199		409,222
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	3,041,437	$	2,659,243

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenues:
Subscriptions	$	235,307	$	215,135	$	708,731	$	589,702
Perpetual licenses	9,460		11,866		31,213		33,373
Subscriptions and licenses	244,767		227,001		739,944		623,075
Services	23,565		24,387		72,190		74,239
Total revenues	268,332		251,388		812,134		697,314
Cost of revenues:
Cost of subscriptions and licenses	37,371		31,056		107,904		89,882
Cost of services	21,812		23,176		66,758		67,090
Total cost of revenues	59,183		54,232		174,662		156,972
Gross profit	209,149		197,156		637,472		540,342
Operating expense (income):
Research and development	63,827		57,334		189,966		157,913
Selling and marketing	46,114		44,392		141,676		114,846
General and administrative	37,794		35,329		128,981		110,233
Deferred compensation plan	(4,576)		88,965		(21,873)		89,327
Amortization of purchased intangibles	10,446		8,676		30,869		16,703
Total operating expenses	153,605		234,696		469,619		489,022
Income (loss) from operations	55,544		(37,540)		167,853		51,320
Interest expense, net	(8,382)		(3,836)		(23,046)		(8,608)
Other income (expense), net	180		(957)		14,318		9,748
Income (loss) before income taxes	47,342		(42,333)		159,125		52,460
(Provision) benefit for income taxes	(9,664)		(5,025)		(8,221)		5,090
Loss from investment accounted for using the equity method, net of tax	(681)		(664)		(1,846)		(2,939)
Net income (loss)	36,997		(48,022)		149,058		54,611
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to participating securities	(11)		(3)		(31)		(6)
Net income (loss) attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders	$	36,986	$	(48,025)	$	149,027	$	54,605
Per share information:
Net income (loss) per share, basic	$	0.12	$	(0.16)	$	0.48	$	0.18
Net income (loss) per share, diluted	$	0.12	$	(0.16)	$	0.46	$	0.17
Weighted average shares, basic	310,116,104		308,195,379		308,959,801		305,119,985
Weighted average shares, diluted	325,170,383		308,195,379		332,077,834		314,658,136

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income (loss)	$	36,997	$	(48,022)	$	149,058	$	54,611
Other comprehensive loss, net of taxes:
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(12,809)		(27,014)		(10,192)		(55,709)
Actuarial gain on retirement plan, net of tax effect of $(5), $(8), $(15), and $(25), respectively	11		20		37		62
Total other comprehensive loss, net of taxes	(12,798)		(26,994)		(10,155)		(55,647)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	24,199	$	(75,016)	$	138,903	$	(1,036)

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
						Accumulated
	Class A and Class B			Additional		Other				Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Comprehensive		Accumulated		Stockholders’
	Shares	Par Value		Capital		Loss		Deficit		Equity
Balance, June 30, 2022	288,154,159	$	2,882	$	981,203	$	(89,131)	$	(397,961)	$	496,993
Net income	—	—		—		—		36,997		36,997
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(12,798)		—		(12,798)
Dividends declared	—	—		—		—		(8,592)		(8,592)
Shares issued in connection with deferred compensation plan	97,591	1		(1)		—		—		—
Deferred compensation plan elective participant deferrals	—	—		1,586		—		—		1,586
Shares issued in connection with Executive Bonus Plan	125,195	1		4,416		—		—		4,417
Shares issued in connection with employee stock purchase plan	197,657	2		5,722		—		(152)		5,572
Stock option exercises, net	218,018	2		992		—		(59)		935


Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		11,158		—		—		11,158
Shares related to restricted stock, net	58,270	—		(1)		—		(1,060)		(1,061)
Repurchase of Class B Common Stock under approved program	(433,125)	(4)		—		—		(15,004)		(15,008)
Balance, September 30, 2022	288,417,765	$	2,884	$	1,005,075	$	(101,929)	$	(385,831)	$	520,199


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
						Accumulated
	Class A and Class B			Additional		Other				Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Comprehensive		Accumulated		Stockholders’
	Shares	Par Value		Capital		Loss		Deficit		Equity
Balance, December 31, 2021	282,526,719	$	2,825	$	937,805	$	(91,774)	$	(439,634)	$	409,222
Net income	—	—		—		—		149,058		149,058
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(10,155)		—		(10,155)
Dividends declared	—	—		—		—		(25,623)		(25,623)
Shares issued in connection with deferred compensation plan, net	3,523,386	35		(27)		—		(24,254)		(24,246)
Deferred compensation plan elective participant deferrals	—	—		4,694		—		—		4,694
Shares issued in connection with Executive Bonus Plan, net	284,992	3		16,307		—		(5,197)		11,113
Shares issued in connection with employee stock purchase plan	307,406	3		10,332		—		(273)		10,062
Stock option exercises, net	2,272,603	23		6,832		—		(8,459)		(1,604)
Acquisition option exercises, net	185,178	2		(2)		—		—		—
Shares issued for stock grants, net	13,632	—		450		—		—		450
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		28,687		—		—		28,687
Shares related to restricted stock, net	199,975	2		(3)		—		(3,208)		(3,209)
Repurchase of Class B Common Stock under approved program	(896,126)	(9)		—		—		(28,241)		(28,250)
Balance, September 30, 2022	288,417,765	$	2,884	$	1,005,075	$	(101,929)	$	(385,831)	$	520,199

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

(in thousands, except share data)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
						Accumulated
	Class A and Class B			Additional		Other				Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Comprehensive		Accumulated		Stockholders’
	Shares	Par Value		Capital		Loss		Deficit		Equity
Balance, June 30, 2021	281,189,127	$	2,812	$	910,951	$	(54,886)	$	(386,346)	$	472,531
Net loss	—	—		—		—		(48,022)		(48,022)
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(26,994)		—		(26,994)


Dividends declared	—	—		—		—		(8,485)		(8,485)
Shares issued in connection with deferred compensation plan, net	88,920	1		—		—		(3,773)		(3,772)
Deferred compensation plan elective participant deferrals	—	—		527		—		—		527
Deferred compensation plan modification	—	—		(4,739)		—		—		(4,739)
Shares issued in connection with Executive Bonus Plan, net	41,172	—		4,292		—		(1,870)		2,422
Shares issued in connection with employee stock purchase plan	104,716	1		3,845		—		(438)		3,408
Stock option exercises, net	612,277	6		699		—		(5,951)		(5,246)

Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		5,835		—		—		5,835
Shares related to restricted stock, net	2,352	—		—		—		(5,644)		(5,644)
Balance, September 30, 2021	282,038,564	$	2,820	$	921,410	$	(81,880)	$	(460,529)	$	381,821


	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
						Accumulated
	Class A and Class B			Additional		Other				Total
	Common Stock			Paid-in		Comprehensive		Accumulated		Stockholders’
	Shares	Par Value		Capital		Loss		Deficit		Equity
Balance, December 31, 2020	272,154,504	$	2,722	$	741,113	$	(26,233)	$	(376,003)	$	341,599
Net income	—	—		—		—		54,611		54,611
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—		(55,647)		—		(55,647)
Shares issued related to acquisition	3,141,342	31		182,359		—		—		182,390
Purchase of capped call options, net of tax of $12,584	—	—		(39,021)		—		—		(39,021)
Dividends declared	—	—		—		—		(25,076)		(25,076)
Shares issued in connection with deferred compensation plan, net	2,290,999	23		—		—		(65,707)		(65,684)
Deferred compensation plan elective participant deferrals	—	—		2,020		—		—		2,020
Deferred compensation plan modification	—	—		(4,739)		—		—		(4,739)
Shares issued in connection with Executive Bonus Plan, net	190,619	2		16,013		—		(6,586)		9,429
Shares issued in connection with employee stock purchase plan	104,716	1		3,845		—		(438)		3,408
Stock option exercises, net	4,269,335	42		4,987		—		(34,978)		(29,949)
Shares issued for stock grants	7,824	—		450		—		—		450
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		14,383		—		—		14,383
Shares related to restricted stock, net	(120,775)	(1)		—		—		(6,352)		(6,353)
Balance, September 30, 2021	282,038,564	$	2,820	$	921,410	$	(81,880)	$	(460,529)	$	381,821

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2022		2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	149,058	$	54,611
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	53,644		35,946
Bad debt allowance	5,199		466
Deferred income taxes	(13,670)		(17,788)
Stock-based compensation expense	51,359		32,853
Deferred compensation plan	(21,873)		89,327
Amortization and write-off of deferred debt issuance costs	5,468		4,160
Change in fair value of derivative	(29,318)		(9,198)
Foreign currency remeasurement loss	14,445		103
Other non-cash items, net	(1,006)		2,939
Changes in assets and liabilities, net of effect from acquisitions:
Accounts receivable	12,550		26,305
Prepaid and other assets	7,779		11,310
Accounts payable, accruals, and other liabilities	28,765		29,047
Deferred revenues	(26,725)		(40,496)
Income taxes payable, net of prepaid income taxes	2,523		(12,168)
Net cash provided by operating activities	238,198		207,417
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of property and equipment and investment in capitalized software	(12,982)		(11,152)
Proceeds from sale of aircraft	2,380		—
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(719,539)		(1,033,695)
Other investing activities	(10,304)		(3,000)
Net cash used in investing activities	(740,445)		(1,047,847)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from credit facilities	753,376		682,083
Payments of credit facilities	(408,714)		(860,228)
Proceeds from convertible senior notes, net of discounts and commissions	—		1,233,377
Payments of debt issuance costs	—		(5,643)
Purchase of capped call options	—		(51,555)

Repayment of term loan	(3,750)		—
Payments of financing leases	(123)		(147)
Payments of acquisition debt and other consideration	(6,996)		(741)
Payments of dividends	(25,828)		(25,076)
Proceeds from stock purchases under employee stock purchase plan	10,335		3,846
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	6,855		5,039
Payments for shares acquired including shares withheld for taxes	(42,213)		(111,306)
Repurchase of Class B Common Stock under approved program	(28,250)		—
Net cash provided by financing activities	254,692		869,649
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents	(8,926)		4,530
(Decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(256,481)		33,749
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year	329,337		122,006
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	72,856	$	155,755

BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2022		2021
Supplemental information:
Cash paid for income taxes	$	20,696	$	32,359
Income tax refunds	2,194		7,820
Interest paid	17,647		3,281
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Cost method investment, non-cash exchange	6,022		—
Shares issued related to acquisition	—		182,390
Contingent acquisition consideration	—		5,581
Deferred, non-contingent consideration, net	157		10,081
Convertible senior notes expenses included in Accounts payable	—		375
Capped call options expenses included in Accounts payable	—		50

Share-settled Executive Bonus Plan awards	16,310		16,015
Deferred compensation plan elective participant deferrals	4,694		2,020

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.

BENTLEY SYSTEMS, INCORPORATED AND SUBSIDIARIES

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(in thousands, except share and per share data)

(unaudited)

Note 1: Basis of Presentation

Basis of Presentation — The accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Bentley Systems, Incorporated (“Bentley” or the “Company”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, and have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and in accordance with the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and notes required by U.S. GAAP for annual financial statements. These unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Part II, Item 8 of the Company’s 2021 Annual Report on Form 10‑K on file with the SEC. In management’s opinion, the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting of normal, recurring and non-recurring adjustments) that were considered necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows at the dates and for the periods indicated. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect reported amounts in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. The December 31, 2021 consolidated balance sheet included herein is derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements.

Certain reclassifications of prior period amounts have been made to conform to the current period presentation.

Business Combinations — On January 31, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Power Line Systems, a leader in software for the design of overhead electric power transmission lines and their structures, for $695,968 in cash, net of cash acquired. On June 17, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of Seequent Holdings Limited (“Seequent”), a leader in software for geological and geophysical modeling, geotechnical stability, and cloud services for geodata management and collaboration, for $883,336 in cash, net of cash acquired, plus 3,141,342 shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock (see Note 4).

Deferred Compensation — Under the Company’s unfunded amended and restated Bentley Systems, Incorporated Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan (the “DCP”), certain officers and key employees may defer all or any part of their incentive compensation, and the Company may make discretionary awards on behalf of such participants. Elective participant deferrals and discretionary Company awards are received in the form of phantom shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock, which are valued for tax and accounting purposes in the same manner as actual shares of Class B Common Stock, and are recorded as stock‑based compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations (see Note 15).

In August 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors approved an amendment to the DCP, which offered to certain active executives in the DCP a one‑time, short‑term election to reallocate a limited portion of their DCP holdings from phantom shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock into other phantom investment funds. The offer to reallocate was subject to a proration mechanism which adjusted the aggregate elections to a maximum of 1,500,000 phantom shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock. This resulted in a reduction of 1,500,000 shares in both the basic and diluted count of Company shares.

While DCP participants’ investments in phantom shares remain equity classified, as they will be settled in shares of Class B Common Stock upon eventual distribution, the amendment and elections resulted in a change to liability classification for the reallocated phantom investments, as they will be settled in cash upon eventual distribution. As a result, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company reclassified cumulative compensation cost of $4,739 from Additional paid-in capital to Accruals and other current liabilities or Deferred compensation plan liabilities in the consolidated balance sheet and recognized a compensation charge of $90,721 to Deferred compensation plan expenses in the consolidated statements of operations to record the reallocated deferred compensation plan liabilities at their fair value of $95,460. Subsequent to the one‑time reallocation, these diversified deferred compensation plan liabilities are marked to market at the end of each reporting period, with changes in the liabilities recorded as an expense (income) to Deferred compensation plan in the consolidated statements of operations (see Note 12).

Note 2: Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2020‑04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU 2020‑04”), which provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying U.S. GAAP to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. ASU 2020‑04 applies only to contracts, hedging relationships, and other transactions that reference the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued because of reference rate reform between March 12, 2020 and December 31, 2022. The expedients and exceptions provided by ASU 2020‑04 do not apply to contract modifications made and hedging relationships entered into or evaluated after December 31, 2022, except for hedging relationships existing as of December 31, 2022, that an entity has elected certain optional expedients for and that are retained through the end of the hedging relationship. The Company had no transactions that were impacted by ASU 2020‑04 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU No. 2021‑08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities from Contracts with Customers (“ASU 2021‑08”), which improves the comparability of accounting for acquired revenue contracts with customers in a business combination. The new guidance is meant to reduce diversity in practice and inconsistencies related to recognition of an acquired contract liability and revenue contract payment terms and their effect on subsequent revenue recognized by the acquirer. During the fourth quarter of 2021, the Company early adopted the ASU effective January 1, 2021 using the modified retrospective method of adoption and retrospectively recasted interim prior period amounts presented in the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements for acquisitions subsequent to January 1, 2021. The adoption of this ASU did not have a material impact on the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Note 3: Revenue from Contracts with Customers

Nature of Products and Services

The Company generates revenues from subscriptions, perpetual licenses, and services.

Subscriptions

SELECT subscriptions — The Company provides prepaid annual recurring subscriptions that accounts (which are based on distinct contractual and billing relationships with the Company, where affiliated entities of a single parent company may each have an independent account with the Company) can elect to add to a new or previously purchased perpetual license. SELECT provides accounts with benefits, including upgrades, comprehensive technical support, pooled licensing benefits, annual portfolio balancing exchange rights, learning benefits, certain Azure‑based cloud collaboration services, mobility advantages, and access to other available benefits. SELECT subscriptions revenues are recognized as distinct performance obligations are satisfied. The performance obligations within the SELECT offering, outside of the portfolio balancing exchange right, are concurrently delivered and have the same pattern of recognition. These performance obligations are accounted for ratably over the term as a single performance obligation.

Enterprise subscriptions — The Company provides enterprise subscription offerings, which provide its enterprise accounts with complete and unlimited global access to the Company’s comprehensive portfolio of solutions. Enterprise 365 (“E365”) subscriptions are charged to accounts based upon daily usage. The daily usage fee includes a term license component, SELECT maintenance and support, hosting, and Success Blueprints, which are designed to achieve business outcomes through more efficient and effective use of the Company’s software. E365 revenues are recognized based upon usage incurred by the account. Usage is defined as distinct user access on a daily basis. E365 subscriptions can contain quarterly usage floors or collars. The term of E365 subscriptions aligns with calendar quarters and revenue is recognized based on actual usage. Alternatively, Enterprise License Subscriptions (“ELS”) provide access for a prepaid fee, which is based on the account’s usage of software in the preceding year, to effectively create a fee‑certain consumption‑based arrangement. ELS contain a term license component, SELECT maintenance and support, and performance consulting days. The SELECT maintenance and support benefits under ELS do not include a portfolio balancing performance obligation. Revenue is allocated to the various performance obligations based on their respective standalone selling price (“SSP”). Revenue allocated to the term license component is recognized upon delivery at the start of the subscription term while revenues for the SELECT maintenance and support and the performance consulting days are recognized as delivered over the subscription term. Billings in advance are recorded as Deferred revenues in the consolidated balance sheets.

Term license subscriptions — The Company provides annual, quarterly, and monthly term licenses for its software products. Term license subscriptions contain a term license component and SELECT maintenance and support. Revenue is allocated to the various performance obligations based on their SSP. Annual term licenses (“ATL”) are generally prepaid annually for named user access to specific products and include the Company’s Virtuoso subscriptions sold via the Company’s Virtuosity eStore for practitioner licenses. Virtuoso subscriptions are bundles with customizable training and expert consultation administered through “keys” or credits. Quarterly term license (“QTL”) subscriptions allow accounts to pay quarterly in arrears for license usage that is beyond their prepaid subscriptions. Monthly term license (“MTL”) subscriptions are identical to QTL subscriptions, except for the term of the license, and the manner in which they are monetized. MTL subscriptions require a Cloud Services Subscription (“CSS”), which is described below. For ATL, revenue allocated to the term license component is recognized upon delivery at the start of the subscription term while revenue for the SELECT maintenance and support is recognized as delivered over the subscription term. For Virtuoso keys, revenue is recognized as services are delivered. Billings in advance are recorded as Deferred revenues in the consolidated balance sheets. For usage‑based QTL and MTL subscriptions, revenues are recognized based upon usage incurred by the account. Usage is defined as peak usage over the respective terms. The terms of QTL and MTL subscriptions align with calendar quarters and calendar months, respectively, and revenue is recognized based on actual usage.

Visas and Passports are quarterly or annual term licenses enabling users to access specific project or enterprise information and entitles users to certain functionality of the Company’s ProjectWise and AssetWise systems. The Company’s standard offerings are usage based with monetization through the Company’s CSS program as described below.

CSS is a program designed to streamline the procurement, administration, and payment process. The program requires an estimation of annual usage for CSS eligible offerings and a deposit of funds in advance. Actual consumption is monitored and invoiced against the deposit on a calendar quarter basis. CSS balances not utilized for eligible products or services may roll over to future periods or are refundable. Paid and unconsumed CSS balances are recorded in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Software and services consumed under CSS are recognized pursuant to the applicable revenue recognition guidance for the respective software or service and classified as subscriptions or services based on their respective nature.

Perpetual licenses

Perpetual licenses may be sold with or without attaching a SELECT subscription. Historically, attachment and retention of the SELECT subscription has been high given the benefits of the SELECT subscription discussed above. Perpetual licenses revenues are recognized upon delivery of the license to the user.

Services

The Company provides professional services, including training, implementation, configuration, customization, and strategic consulting services. The Company performs projects on both a time and materials and a fixed fee basis. Certain of the Company’s fixed‑fee arrangements, including its Success Services offerings, are structured as subscription‑like, packaged offerings that are annually recurring in nature. Success Services are standard service offerings that provide a level of dedicated professional services above the standard technical support offered to all accounts as part of their SELECT or enterprise agreement. Revenues are recognized as services are performed.

The Company primarily utilizes its direct internal sales force and also has arrangements through independent channel partners to promote and sell Bentley products and subscriptions to end‑users. Channel partners are authorized to promote the sale of an authorized set of Bentley products and subscriptions within an authorized geography under a Channel Partner Agreement.

Significant Judgments and Estimates

The Company’s contracts with customers may include promises to transfer licenses (perpetual or term‑based), maintenance, and services to a user. Judgment is required to determine if the promises are separate performance obligations, and if so, the allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation. When an arrangement includes multiple performance obligations which are concurrently delivered and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer, the Company accounts for those performance obligations as a single performance obligation. For contracts with more than one performance obligation, the transaction price is allocated among the performance obligations in an amount that depicts the relative SSP of each obligation. Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, such as when the Company does not sell the product or service separately, the Company determines the SSP using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs. The Company uses a range of amounts to estimate SSP when it sells each of the products and services separately and needs to determine whether there is a discount that should be allocated based on the relative SSP of the various products and services.

The Company’s SELECT agreement provides users with perpetual licenses a right to exchange software for other eligible perpetual licenses on an annual basis upon renewal. The Company refers to this option as portfolio balancing and has concluded that the portfolio balancing feature represents a material right resulting in the deferral of the associated revenue. Judgment is required to estimate the percentage of users who may elect to portfolio balance and considers inputs such as historical user elections. This feature is available once per term and must be exercised prior to the respective renewal term. The Company recognizes the associated revenue upon election or when the portfolio balancing right expires. This right is included in the initial and subsequent renewal terms and the Company reestablishes the revenue deferral for the material right upon the beginning of the renewal term. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company has deferred $16,874 and $18,020, respectively, related to portfolio balancing exchange rights which is included in Deferred revenues in the consolidated balance sheets.

Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021


Contract assets	$	491	$	336
Deferred revenues	201,610		232,593

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company’s contract assets relate to performance obligations completed in advance of the right to invoice and are included in Prepaid and other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Contract assets were not impaired as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Deferred revenues consist of billings made or payments received in advance of revenue recognition from subscriptions and services. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of billings to users.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, $174,194 of revenues that were included in the December 31, 2021 deferred revenues balance were recognized. There were additional deferrals of $158,125, which were primarily related to new billings and acquisitions (see Note 4). For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, $164,539 of revenues that were included in the December 31, 2020 deferred revenues balance were recognized. There were additional deferrals of $161,578, which were primarily related to new billings and acquisitions (see Note 4).

Remaining Performance Obligations

The Company’s contracts with customers include amounts allocated to performance obligations that will be satisfied at a later date. As of September 30, 2022, amounts allocated to these remaining performance obligations are $201,610, of which the Company expects to recognize approximately 92% over the next 12 months with the remaining amount thereafter.

Disaggregation of Revenues

The Company’s revenues consist of the following:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Subscriptions:
SELECT subscriptions	$	63,609	$	66,648	$	196,786	$	199,722
Enterprise subscriptions (1)	89,041		75,381		252,461		214,058
Term license subscriptions	82,657		73,106		259,484		175,922
Subscriptions	235,307		215,135		708,731		589,702
Perpetual licenses	9,460		11,866		31,213		33,373
Subscriptions and licenses	244,767		227,001		739,944		623,075
Services:
Recurring	4,557		5,160		13,431		16,243
Other	19,008		19,227		58,759		57,996
Services	23,565		24,387		72,190		74,239
Total revenues	$	268,332	$	251,388	$	812,134	$	697,314

(1)Enterprise subscriptions includes revenue attributable to E365 subscriptions of $80,298 and $60,102 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $221,801 and $162,120 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The Company recognizes perpetual licenses and the term license component of subscriptions as revenue when either the licenses are delivered or at the start of the subscription term. For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized $125,140 and $109,000 of license related revenues, respectively, of which $115,680 and $97,134, respectively, were attributable to the term license component of the Company’s subscription‑based commercial offerings recorded in Subscriptions in the consolidated statements of operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company recognized $380,237 and $293,277 of license related revenues, respectively, of which $349,024 and $259,904, respectively, were attributable to the term license component of the Company’s subscription‑based commercial offerings recorded in Subscriptions in the consolidated statements of operations.

The Company derived 7% of its total revenues through channel partners for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

Revenue from external customers is attributed to individual countries based upon the location of the customer. Revenues by geographic region are as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Americas (1)	$	141,599	$	127,996	$	440,218	$	349,752
Europe, the Middle East, and Africa (“EMEA”)	75,416		76,502		227,696		219,507
Asia-Pacific (“APAC”)	51,317		46,890		144,220		128,055
Total revenues	$	268,332	$	251,388	$	812,134	$	697,314

(1)Americas includes the United States (“U.S.”), Canada, and Latin America (including the Caribbean). Revenue attributable to the U.S. totaled $122,372 and $105,089 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $346,961 and $289,718 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Note 4: Acquisitions

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and the year ended December 31, 2021, the Company completed a number of acquisitions, for an aggregate purchase price of $738,814 and $1,269,844, respectively. On January 31, 2022, the Company completed the acquisition of Power Line Systems, a leader in software for the design of overhead electric power transmission lines and their structures, for $695,968 in cash, net of cash acquired. On June 17, 2021, the Company completed the acquisition of Seequent, a leader in software for geological and geophysical modeling, geotechnical stability, and cloud services for geodata management and collaboration, for $883,336 in cash, net of cash acquired, plus 3,141,342 shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock. The operating results of the acquired businesses, except for Seequent, were not material, individually or in the aggregate, to the Company’s consolidated statements of operations.

The aggregate details of the Company’s acquisition activity are as follows:


	Acquisitions Completed in
	Nine Months Ended		Year Ended
	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021


Number of acquisitions	4		13
Cash paid at closing (1)	$	738,810	$	1,072,820
Cash acquired	(19,271)		(37,837)
Net cash paid	$	719,539	$	1,034,983

(1)Of the cash paid at closing for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and year ended December 31, 2021, $3,000 and $8,701, respectively, was deposited into an escrow account to secure any potential indemnification and other obligations of the seller.

The fair value of the contingent consideration from acquisitions is included in the consolidated balance sheets as follows:


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021


Accruals and other current liabilities	$	1,244	$	5,382
Other liabilities	—		1,231
Contingent consideration from acquisitions	$	1,244	$	6,613

The fair value of non-contingent consideration from acquisitions is included in the consolidated balance sheets as follows:


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021


Accruals and other current liabilities	$	2,923	$	4,751
Other liabilities	2,995		6,177
Non-contingent consideration from acquisitions	$	5,918	$	10,928

The operating results of the acquired businesses are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements from the closing date of each respective acquisition. The purchase price for each acquisition has been allocated to the net tangible and intangible assets and liabilities based on their estimated fair values at the respective acquisition date.

The Company is in the process of finalizing the purchase accounting for four acquisitions completed during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed were provisionally recorded at their estimated fair values on the respective acquisition date. The initial accounting for these business combinations is not complete because the evaluation necessary to assess the fair values of certain net assets acquired is still in process. The provisional amounts are subject to revision until the evaluations are completed to the extent that additional information is obtained about the facts and circumstances that existed as of the acquisition date. The allocation of the purchase price may be modified from the date of the acquisition as more information is obtained about the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, however, such measurement period cannot exceed one year.

Acquisition costs are expensed as incurred and are recorded in General and administrative in the consolidated statements of operations. For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company’s acquisition expenses were insignificant, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were $10,824 and $18,037, respectively, which include costs related to legal, accounting, valuation, insurance, general administrative, and other consulting fees. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, $350 and $10,149, respectively, of the Company’s acquisition expenses related to the acquisition of Power Line Systems. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, $389 and $16,285, respectively, of the Company’s acquisition expenses related to the acquisition of Seequent.

The following summarizes the fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed, as well as the weighted average useful lives assigned to acquired intangible assets at the respective date of each acquisition (including contingent consideration):


	Acquisitions Completed in
	Nine Months Ended		Year Ended
	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Consideration:
Cash paid at closing	$	738,810	$	1,072,820
Shares issued at closing (1)(2)	—		182,390
Contingent consideration	—		4,544
Deferred, non-contingent consideration, net	157		10,090
Other	(153)		—
Total consideration	$	738,814	$	1,269,844
Assets acquired and liabilities assumed:
Cash	$	19,271	$	37,837
Accounts receivable and other current assets	1,798		24,174
Operating lease right-of-use assets	1,237		12,095
Property and equipment	963		4,383
Other assets	—		874
Software and technology (weighted average useful life of 5 years)	10,557		43,560
Customer relationships (weighted average useful life of 10 and 9 years, respectively)	80,328		158,555
Trademarks (weighted average useful life of 9 and 10 years, respectively)	5,734		38,256

In-process research and development	—		3,700
Total identifiable assets acquired excluding goodwill	119,888		323,434
Accruals and other current liabilities	(918)		(27,649)
Deferred revenues	(11,563)		(26,245)
Operating lease liabilities	(1,237)		(11,988)
Deferred income taxes	(6,865)		(53,342)
Other liabilities	—		(716)
Total liabilities assumed	(20,583)		(119,940)
Net identifiable assets acquired excluding goodwill	99,305		203,494
Goodwill	639,509		1,066,350
Net assets acquired	$	738,814	$	1,269,844

(1)Of the total 3,141,342 shares issued at closing, 83,627 shares are subject to forfeiture if post‑closing employment service conditions are not met and accordingly are being recorded as stock‑based compensation expense over the related forfeiture period of two years (see Note 15).

(2)A fair value adjustment of $16,943 was applied to the stock consideration due to restrictions on the transfer of securities.

The fair values of the working capital, other assets (liabilities), and property and equipment approximated their respective carrying values as of the acquisition date.

Deferred revenues were determined in accordance with the Company’s revenue recognition policies (see Note 3).

The fair values of the intangible assets were primarily determined using the income approach. When applying the income approach, indications of fair values were developed by discounting future net cash flows to their present values at market‑based rates of return. The cash flows were based on estimates used to price the acquisitions and the discount rates applied were benchmarked with reference to the implied rate of return from the Company’s pricing model and the weighted average cost of capital.

Goodwill recorded in connection with the acquisitions was attributable to synergies expected to arise from cost saving opportunities, as well as future expected cash flows. The Company expects $524,360 of the goodwill recorded relating to the 2022 acquisitions will be deductible for income tax purposes.

Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information

Had the acquisition of Seequent been made at the beginning of 2020, unaudited pro forma total revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 would have been $749,923. Net (loss) income, net (loss) income per share, basic, and net (loss) income per share, diluted for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 would not have been materially different than the amounts reported primarily due to the pro forma adjustments to reflect the amortization of purchased intangibles and the cost to finance the transaction, net of the related tax effects.

The unaudited pro forma financial information is for informational purposes only and is not indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had taken place at the beginning of 2021. The unaudited pro forma financial information combines the historical results of the Company, the adjusted historical results of Seequent considering the date the Company completed the acquisition of Seequent, and the effects of the pro forma adjustments described above.

Note 5: Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consist of the following:


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021
Land	$	2,811	$	2,811
Building and improvements	35,747		35,188
Computer equipment and software	50,027		47,651
Furniture, fixtures, and equipment	14,021		14,274
Aircraft	2,038		4,075
Other	38		61
Property and equipment, at cost	104,682		104,060
Less: Accumulated depreciation	(73,929)		(72,237)
Total property and equipment, net	$	30,753	$	31,823

Depreciation expense was $2,613 and $3,028 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $8,025 and $8,142 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Related Party Equipment Sale

In January 2022, the audit committee of the Company’s board of directors authorized the Company to sell 50% of its interest in the Company’s aircraft at fair market value to an entity controlled by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer. The transaction was completed on February 1, 2022 for $2,380 and resulted in a gain of $2,029, which was recorded in Other income (expense), net in the consolidated statement of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Subsequent to the transaction, ongoing operating and fixed costs of the aircraft are shared on a proportional use basis subject to a cost-sharing agreement. Such costs were not material during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Pursuant to FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 850, Related Party Disclosures, the Company determined this transaction was with a related party.

Note 6: Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill are as follows:


Balance, December 31, 2021	$	1,588,477
Acquisitions	639,509

Foreign currency translation adjustments	(32,556)
Other adjustments	(2,377)
Balance, September 30, 2022	$	2,193,053

Details of intangible assets other than goodwill are as follows:


		September 30, 2022						December 31, 2021
	Estimated Useful Life	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Book Value
Intangible assets subject to amortization:
Software and technology	3-5 years	$	91,357	$	(51,503)	$	39,854	$	101,588	$	(63,225)	$	38,363
Customer relationships	3-10 years	317,332		(102,898)		214,434		245,325		(83,799)		161,526
Trademarks	3-10 years	68,016		(24,894)		43,122		63,080		(20,893)		42,187
Non-compete agreements	5 years	350		(190)		160		350		(139)		211
		477,055		(179,485)		297,570		410,343		(168,056)		242,287
Intangible assets not subject to amortization:
In-process research and development		3,603		—		3,603		3,547		—		3,547
Total intangible assets		$	480,658	$	(179,485)	$	301,173	$	413,890	$	(168,056)	$	245,834

The aggregate amortization expense for purchased intangible assets with finite lives was reflected in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Cost of subscriptions and licenses	$	3,129	$	2,771	$	9,305	$	5,017
Amortization of purchased intangibles	10,446		8,676		30,869		16,703
Total amortization expense	$	13,575	$	11,447	$	40,174	$	21,720

Note 7: Investments

As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company’s investments consist of cost method investments of $21,690 and $6,438, respectively. The carrying amount of the Company’s equity method investment was zero as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021.

Cost Method Investments

Through iTwin Ventures, the Company invests in technology development companies, generally in the form of equity interests or convertible notes. In July 2022, the Company acquired an equity interest in Teralytics Holdings AG, a global platform company for human mobility analysis, via contribution of its Streetlytics mobility data business (“Streetlytics”) and cash. The transaction resulted in an insignificant gain from the divestiture of Streetlytics, which was recorded in Other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022. As of September 30, 2022, the investment in Teralytics was $11,130. Including the contribution of Streetlytics, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company invested a total of $14,921.

Equity Method Investment

Digital Construction Works, Inc. (“DCW”), a 50%‑owned joint venture with Topcon Positioning Systems, Inc., operates as a digital integrator of software and cloud services for the construction industry. DCW’s focus is to transform the construction industry from its legacy document‑centric paradigm by simplifying and enabling digital automated workflows and processes, technology integration, and digital twinning services for infrastructure. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company invested $1,700 in DCW. Pursuant to FASB ASC Topic 850, Related Party Disclosures, the Company has determined that DCW is a related party. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, transactions between the Company and DCW were not material to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

Note 8: Leases

The Company’s operating leases consist of office facilities, office equipment, and automobiles, and the Company’s finance lease consists of computer equipment. The finance lease is not material for the periods presented and it expired during the second quarter of 2022. As of September 30, 2022, the Company’s leases have remaining terms of less than one year to eight years, some of which include one or more options to renew, with renewal terms from one year to ten years and some of which include options to terminate the leases from less than one year to five years.

For contracts with lease and non‑lease components, the Company has elected not to allocate the contract consideration, and account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component. Payments under the Company’s lease arrangements are primarily fixed, however, certain lease agreements contain variable payments, which are expensed as incurred and not included in the operating lease assets and liabilities. Variable lease cost may include common area maintenance, property taxes, utilities, and fluctuations in rent due to a change in an index or rate. The Company has elected not to recognize a right‑of‑use asset or lease liability for short‑term leases (leases with a term of twelve months or less). Short‑term leases are recognized in the consolidated statements of operations on a straight‑line basis over the lease term.

The components of operating lease cost reflected in the consolidated statements of operations were as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Operating lease cost (1)	$	4,703	$	4,836	$	15,651	$	14,224
Variable lease cost	1,115		1,082		3,356		2,970
Short-term lease cost	6		4		16		15
Total operating lease cost	$	5,824	$	5,922	$	19,023	$	17,209

(1)Operating lease cost includes rent cost related to operating leases for office facilities of $4,553 and $4,619 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $15,120 and $13,588 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Other information related to leases was as follows:


	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,

	2022		2021
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities:
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	14,295	$	14,602
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities (1)	$	7,763	$	5,286

(1)Right‑of‑use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities does not include the impact from acquisitions of $1,237 and $12,074 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

The weighted average remaining lease term for operating leases was 3.9 years and 4.1 years as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The weighted average discount rate was 3.2% and 2.5% as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.

Maturities of operating lease liabilities are as follows:


	September 30, 2022
Remainder of 2022	$	4,552
2023	14,841
2024	9,906
2025	6,918
2026	4,402
Thereafter	6,238
Total future lease payments	46,857
Less: Imputed interest	(3,003)
Total operating lease liabilities	$	43,854

As of September 30, 2022, the Company had additional operating lease minimum lease payments of $3,878 for executed leases that have not yet commenced, primarily for office locations.

Supplemental balance sheet information related to the financing lease was as follows:


	December 31, 2021


Property and equipment	$	484
Accumulated depreciation	(453)
Property and equipment, net	$	31



Total financing lease liabilities included in Accruals and other current liabilities	$	98

Note 9: Accruals and Other Current Liabilities

Accruals and other current liabilities consist of the following:


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021


CSS deposits	$	202,152	$	162,046
Accrued benefits	36,756		36,656
Accrued compensation	34,383		37,725
Due to customers	13,729		12,798
Accrued acquisition stay bonus	8,102		9,461
Accrued cloud provisioning costs	4,792		5,862
Accrued professional fees	4,518		6,940
Non-contingent consideration from acquisitions	2,923		4,751
Employee stock purchase plan contributions	2,693		4,818
Accrued indirect taxes	2,627		7,520
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	1,977		7,309
Contingent consideration from acquisitions	1,244		5,382
Other accrued and current liabilities	21,546		22,335
Total accruals and other current liabilities	$	337,442	$	323,603

Note 10: Long‑Term Debt

Long‑term debt consists of the following:


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021


Bank credit facility:
Revolving loan facility	$	344,661	$	—
Term loan:
Principal	196,250		200,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(431)		(534)
Term loan net carrying value	195,819		199,466
Bank credit facility net carrying value	540,480		199,466
2026 Notes:
Principal	690,000		690,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(11,953)		(14,677)
2026 Notes net carrying value	678,047		675,323
2027 Notes:
Principal	575,000		575,000
Unamortized debt issuance costs	(11,917)		(13,797)
2027 Notes net carrying value	563,083		561,203
Total net carrying value	1,781,610		1,435,992
Less: Current portion of long-term debt	(5,000)		(5,000)
Total long-term debt	$	1,776,610	$	1,430,992

Bank Credit Facility

The Company has an amended and restated Credit Agreement, which provides for an $850,000 senior secured revolving loan facility with a maturity date of November 15, 2025 and a $200,000 senior secured term loan as described further below (the “Credit Facility”).

The Company’s $200,000 senior secured term loan has a maturity of November 15, 2025 (the “2021 Term Loan”). The 2021 Term Loan requires principal repayment at the end of each calendar quarter. Beginning with March 31, 2022 and ending with December 31, 2023, the Company is required to repay $1,250 per quarter. Beginning with March 31, 2024 and ending with the last such date prior to the maturity date, the Company is required to repay $2,500 per quarter. The Company incurred $540 of debt issuance costs related to the 2021 Term Loan. The Company used borrowings under the 2021 Term Loan to pay down borrowings under the swingline sub‑facility and revolving loan facility under the Credit Facility.

In addition to the senior secured revolving loan facility, the Credit Facility also provides up to $50,000 of letters of credit and other borrowings subject to availability, including a $85,000 U.S. Dollar swingline sub‑facility and a $200,000 incremental “accordion” sub‑facility. The Company had $150 of letters of credit and surety bonds outstanding as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $505,189 and $849,850, respectively, available under the Credit Facility.

Borrowings under the Credit Facility are guaranteed by all of the Company’s first tier domestic subsidiaries and are secured by a first priority security interest in substantially all of the Company’s and the guarantors’ U.S. assets and 65% of the stock of their directly owned foreign subsidiaries. The Credit Facility contains both affirmative and negative covenants, including maximum net leverage ratios. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company was in compliance with all covenants in its Credit Facility.

Convertible Senior Notes

2026 Notes

On January 26, 2021, the Company completed a private offering of $690,000 of 0.125% convertible senior notes due 2026 (the “2026 Notes”). The 2026 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of January 26, 2021, between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “2026 Indenture”). Interest will accrue from January 26, 2021 and will be payable semi‑annually in arrears in cash on January 15 and July 15 of each year, with the first payment due on July 15, 2021. The 2026 Notes will mature on January 15, 2026, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. The Company incurred $18,055 of expenses in connection with the 2026 Notes offering consisting of the payment of initial purchasers’ discounts and commissions, professional fees, and other expenses (“transaction costs”). The Company used $25,530 of the net proceeds from the sale of the 2026 Notes to pay the premiums of the capped call options described further below, and approximately $250,500 to repay outstanding indebtedness under the Credit Facility and to pay related fees and expenses. The Company used the remainder of the net proceeds from the sale of the 2026 Notes for general corporate purposes and towards funding certain acquisitions, including Seequent (see Note 4).

Prior to October 15, 2025, the 2026 Notes will be convertible at the option of the holder only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter (and only during such quarter) commencing after the calendar quarter ending on June 30, 2021, if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class B Common Stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price for each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter; (2) during the five consecutive business days immediately after any ten consecutive trading day period (such ten consecutive trading day period, the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1 principal amount of 2026 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class B Common Stock on such trading day and the conversion rate on such trading day; (3) upon the occurrence of certain corporate events or distributions on the Company’s Class B Common Stock, as described in the 2026 Indenture; and (4) if the Company calls the 2026 Notes for redemption. On or after October 15, 2025 until 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, the 2026 Notes will be convertible at the option of the holder at any time.

The Company will settle conversions by paying or delivering, as applicable, cash, shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock, at the Company’s election, based on the applicable conversion rate. The initial conversion rate is 15.5925 shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock per $1 principal amount of 2026 Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $64.13 per share, and is subject to adjustment as described in the 2026 Indenture. If a “make-whole fundamental change” (as defined in the 2026 Indenture) occurs, then the Company will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for a specified period of time.

The Company will have the option to redeem the 2026 Notes in whole or in part at any time on or after January 20, 2024 and on or before the 40th scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class B common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (1) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during any 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice; and (2) the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends such notice. The redemption price will be equal to the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date.

Upon a fundamental change (as defined in the 2026 Indenture), holders may, subject to certain exceptions, require the Company to purchase their 2026 Notes in whole or in part for cash at a price equal to the principal amount of the 2026 Notes to be purchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date (as defined in the 2026 Indenture). In addition, upon a Make‑Whole Fundamental Change (as defined in the 2026 Indenture), the Company will, under certain circumstances, increase the applicable conversion rate for a holder that elects to convert its 2026 Notes in connection with such Make‑Whole Fundamental Change. No adjustment to the conversion rate will be made if the stock price in such Make‑Whole Fundamental Change is either less than $44.23 per share or greater than $210.00 per share. The Company will not increase the conversion rate to an amount that exceeds 22.6090 shares per $1 principal amount of 2026 Notes, subject to adjustment. The 2026 Indenture also contains a customary merger covenant.

The 2026 Notes were accounted for as debt, with no bifurcation of the embedded conversion feature. Transaction costs were recorded as a direct deduction from the related debt liability in the consolidated balance sheet and are amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2026 Notes. The effective interest rate for the 2026 Notes is 0.658%.

As of September 30, 2022, none of the conditions of the 2026 Notes to early convert has been met.

The 2026 Notes contain both affirmative and negative covenants. As of September 30, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all covenants in the 2026 Notes.

Capped Call Options — In connection with the pricing of the 2026 Notes, the Company entered into capped call options with certain of the initial purchasers or their respective affiliates and certain other financial institutions. The Company incurred $150 of expenses in connection with the capped call options. The capped call options are expected to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s Class B Common Stock upon any conversion of 2026 Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap. The cap price of the capped call options is initially $72.9795 per share, which represents a premium of 65% above the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class B Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on January 21, 2021 and is subject to customary adjustments under the terms of the capped call options.

The capped call options were entered into in conjunction with the issuance of the 2026 Notes, however, they are legally separate agreements that can be separately exercised, with the receipt of shares under the capped call options having no effect on the 2026 Notes, and are legally detachable. As the capped call options are both legally detachable and separately exercisable from the 2026 Notes, the Company accounts for the capped call options separately from the 2026 Notes. The capped call options are indexed to the Company’s own common stock and classified in stockholders’ equity. As such, the premiums paid for the capped call options have been included as a net reduction to Additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet.

2027 Notes

On June 28, 2021, the Company completed a private offering of $575,000 of 0.375% convertible senior notes due 2027 (the “2027 Notes”). The 2027 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of June 28, 2021, between the Company and Wilmington Trust, National Association, as trustee (the “2027 Indenture”). Interest will accrue from June 28, 2021 and will be payable semi‑annually in arrears in cash on January 1 and July 1 of each year, with the first payment due on January 1, 2022. The 2027 Notes will mature on July 1, 2027, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. The Company incurred $15,065 of expenses in connection with the 2027 Notes offering consisting of transaction costs. The Company used $25,875 of the net proceeds from the sale of the 2027 Notes to pay the premiums of the capped call options described further below, and $536,062 to repay outstanding indebtedness under the Credit Facility and to pay related fees and expenses.

Prior to April 1, 2027, the 2027 Notes will be convertible at the option of the holder only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter (and only during such quarter) commencing after the calendar quarter ending on September 30, 2021, if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class B Common Stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price for each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during the 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter; (2) during the five consecutive business days immediately after any ten consecutive trading day period (such ten consecutive trading day period, the “measurement period”) in which the trading price per $1 principal amount of 2027 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class B Common Stock on such trading day and the conversion rate on such trading day; (3) upon the occurrence of certain corporate events or distributions on the Company’s Class B Common Stock, as described in the 2027 Indenture; and (4) if the Company calls the 2027 Notes for redemption. On or after April 1, 2027 until 5:00 p.m., New York City time, on the second scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date, the 2027 Notes will be convertible at the option of the holder at any time.

The Company will settle conversions by paying or delivering, as applicable, cash, shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock, at the Company’s election, based on the applicable conversion rate. The initial conversion rate is 12.0153 shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock per $1 principal amount of 2027 Notes, which represents an initial conversion price of approximately $83.23 per share, and is subject to adjustment as described in the 2027 Indenture. If a “make-whole fundamental change” (as defined in the 2027 Indenture) occurs, then the Company will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for a specified period of time.

The Company will have the option to redeem the 2027 Notes in whole or in part at any time on or after July 5, 2024 and on or before the 40th scheduled trading day immediately before the maturity date if the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class B common stock exceeds 130% of the conversion price on (1) each of at least 20 trading days, whether or not consecutive, during any 30 consecutive trading days ending on, and including, the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends the related redemption notice; and (2) the trading day immediately before the date the Company sends such notice. The redemption price will be equal to the principal amount of the 2027 Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the redemption date.

Upon a fundamental change (as defined in the 2027 Indenture), holders may, subject to certain exceptions, require the Company to purchase their 2027 Notes in whole or in part for cash at a price equal to the principal amount of the 2027 Notes to be purchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date (as defined in the 2027 Indenture). In addition, upon a Make‑Whole Fundamental Change (as defined in the 2027 Indenture), the Company will, under certain circumstances, increase the applicable conversion rate for a holder that elects to convert its 2027 Notes in connection with such Make‑Whole Fundamental Change. No adjustment to the conversion rate will be made if the stock price in such Make‑Whole Fundamental Change is either less than $61.65 per share or greater than $325.00 per share. The Company will not increase the conversion rate to an amount that exceeds 16.2206 shares per $1 principal amount of 2027 Notes, subject to adjustment. The 2027 Indenture also contains a customary merger covenant.

The 2027 Notes were accounted for as debt, with no bifurcation of the embedded conversion feature. Transaction costs were recorded as a direct deduction from the related debt liability in the consolidated balance sheet and are amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2027 Notes. The effective interest rate for the 2027 Notes is 0.864%.

As of September 30, 2022, none of the conditions of the 2027 Notes to early convert has been met.

The 2027 Notes contain both affirmative and negative covenants. As of September 30, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all covenants in the 2027 Notes.

Capped Call Options — In connection with the pricing of the 2027 Notes, the Company entered into capped call options with certain of the initial purchasers or their respective affiliates and certain other financial institutions. The Company incurred $50 of expenses in connection with the capped call options. The capped call options are expected to reduce potential dilution to the Company’s Class B Common Stock upon any conversion of 2027 Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted notes, as the case may be, with such reduction and/or offset subject to a cap. The cap price of the capped call options is initially $95.5575 per share, which represents a premium of 55% above the last reported sale price per share of the Company’s Class B Common Stock on the Nasdaq Global Select Market on June 23, 2021 and is subject to customary adjustments under the terms of the capped call options.

The capped call options were entered into in conjunction with the issuance of the 2027 Notes, however, they are legally separate agreements that can be separately exercised, with the receipt of shares under the capped call options having no effect on the 2027 Notes, and are legally detachable. As the capped call options are both legally detachable and separately exercisable from the 2027 Notes, the Company accounts for the capped call options separately from the 2027 Notes. The capped call options are indexed to the Company’s own common stock and classified in stockholders’ equity. As such, the premiums paid for the capped call options have been included as a net reduction to Additional paid-in capital in the consolidated balance sheet.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists of the following:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Bank credit facility:
Revolving loan facility (1)	$	4,441	$	911	$	10,206	$	2,490
Term loan (1)	2,119		—		4,577		—
Interest rate swap	(752)		325		(475)		942
Amortization and write-off of deferred debt issuance costs	288		253		864		1,049
	6,096		1,489		15,172		4,481
2026 Notes:
0.125% Coupon interest	216		221		662		592
Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs	908		909		2,724		2,470
	1,124		1,130		3,386		3,062
2027 Notes:
0.375% Coupon interest	569		551		1,647		563
Amortization of deferred debt issuance costs	626		627		1,880		641
	1,195		1,178		3,527		1,204
Other obligations	76		64		1,234		97
Total interest expense	$	8,491	$	3,861	$	23,319	$	8,844

(1)The revolving loan facility and term loan weighted average interest rate was 4.34% and 2.33% for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and 3.20% and 2.02% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Interest rate risk associated with the Credit Facility is managed through an interest rate swap which has a termination date of April 2, 2030. Under the terms of the interest rate swap, the Company fixed its LIBOR borrowing rate at 0.73% on a notional amount of $200,000. The interest rate swap is not designated as a hedging instrument for accounting purposes. The Company accounts for the interest rate swap as either an asset or a liability in the consolidated balance sheets and carries the derivative at fair value. Gains and losses from the change in fair value are recognized in Other income (expense), net in the consolidated statements of operations. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company recorded a swap related asset at fair value of $39,435 and $10,117, respectively, in Other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

Note 11: Executive Bonus Plan

Certain of the Company’s key employees, including its named executive officers, participate in the amended and restated Bentley Systems, Incorporated Bonus Pool Plan (the “Bonus Plan”). Pursuant to the Bonus Plan, participants are eligible to receive incentive bonuses that are determined based on the Company’s adjusted Management Report Operating Income (“MROI”), as defined in the plan agreement and before deduction for such plan payments. For purposes of the Bonus Plan, the bonus pool thereunder may be funded with up to an aggregate of 20% of the Company’s adjusted MROI, subject to approval by the board of directors, with payments made to plan participants based on each such participant’s allocated interest in the bonus pool. The plan permits the deduction of certain holdback amounts from the plan’s pool, from which amounts can then be allocated to fund items including equity and/or cash incentive compensation for non‑plan participants and participant charitable contributions.

A participant may defer any portion, or all, of such participant’s incentive bonus payable pursuant to the Bonus Plan into the DCP (see Note 12). A participant’s non‑deferred incentive bonus is payable in cash, however, the Bonus Plan provides, in part, that a participant may elect to receive any portion, or all, of such participant’s non‑deferred incentive bonus in the form of shares of fully vested Class B Common Stock issued under the Bentley Systems, Incorporated 2020 Omnibus Incentive Plan, subject to the limitation described below. The Company records the election of non‑deferred incentive bonus in the form of shares of fully vested Class B Common Stock as stock‑based compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations (see Note 15). Such election must be made prior to the start of the applicable calendar quarter for which the incentive bonus is to be paid, and the number of shares of Class B Common Stock payable in respect of such elected amount is calculated using a volume-weighted average price of the Company’s Class B Common Stock for the period commencing on the tenth trading day prior to the end of the applicable calendar quarter and ending on the tenth trading day following the end of the applicable calendar quarter. Notwithstanding participants’ elections to receive shares of fully vested Class B Common Stock in respect of their non‑deferred incentive bonus payments, if, in any calendar quarter, the aggregate U.S. Dollar value of shares of fully vested Class B Common Stock payable in respect of the non‑deferred incentive bonuses exceeds $7,500, the portion of each participant’s non‑deferred incentive bonus payable in shares of fully vested Class B Common Stock will be reduced pro rata such that the $7,500 limit is not exceeded, and, for each affected participant, the amount of such reduction will be payable in cash.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the incentive compensation, including cash payments, election to receive shares of fully vested Class B Common Stock, and deferred compensation to plan participants, recognized under this plan (net of all applicable holdbacks) was $8,454 and $8,128, respectively, and $24,984 and $24,686 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Note 12: Retirement Plans

Deferred Compensation Plan

Under the Company’s DCP, certain officers and key employees may defer all or any part of their incentive compensation, and the Company may make discretionary awards on behalf of such participants. Elective participant deferrals and discretionary Company awards are received in the form of phantom shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock, which are valued for tax and accounting purposes in the same manner as actual shares of Class B Common Stock, and are recorded as stock‑based compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations (see Note 15).

In August 2021, the Company’s board of directors approved an amendment to the DCP, which offered to certain active executives in the DCP a one‑time, short‑term election to reallocate a limited portion of their DCP holdings from phantom shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock into other phantom investment funds. The offer to reallocate was subject to a proration mechanism which adjusted the aggregate elections to a maximum of 1,500,000 phantom shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock. This resulted in a reduction of 1,500,000 shares in both the basic and diluted count of Company shares.

DCP participants’ holdings in phantom investment funds are classified as liabilities in either Accruals and other current liabilities or Deferred compensation plan liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets as they will be settled in cash upon eventual distribution. The deferred compensation plan liabilities are marked to market at the end of each reporting period, with changes in the liabilities recorded as an expense (income) to Deferred compensation plan in the consolidated statements of operations.

Deferred compensation plan income was $4,576 and $21,873 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. Deferred compensation plan expense was $88,965 and $89,327 for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, DCP elective participant deferrals were $1,586 and $527, respectively, and $4,694 and $2,020 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. No discretionary contributions were made to the DCP during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, phantom shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock issuable by the DCP were 21,535,748 and 25,384,449, respectively.

The total liabilities related to the DCP is included in the consolidated balance sheets as follows:


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021


Accruals and other current liabilities	$	1,977	$	7,309
Deferred compensation plan liabilities	71,013		94,890
Total DCP liabilities	$	72,990	$	102,199

Note 13: Common Stock

BSY Stock Repurchase Program

On May 11, 2022, the Company announced that its board of directors approved the BSY Stock Repurchase Program (the “Repurchase Program”) authorizing the Company to repurchase up to $200,000 of the Company’s Class B Common Stock through June 30, 2024. The Repurchase Program is used to offset dilution from the issuance of the Company’s Class B Common Stock under the Company’s stock‑based plans to enhance stockholder value. The shares proposed to be acquired in the Repurchase Program may be repurchased from time to time in open market transactions, through privately negotiated transactions, or by other means in accordance with federal securities laws. The Company intends to fund repurchases from available working capital and cash provided by operating activities. The timing, as well as the number and value of shares repurchased under the Repurchase Program, will be determined by the Company at its discretion and will depend on a variety of factors, including management’s assessment of the intrinsic value of the Company’s shares, the market price of the Company’s Class B Common Stock, general market and economic conditions, available liquidity, compliance with the Company’s debt and other agreements, and applicable legal requirements. The exact number of shares to be repurchased by the Company is not guaranteed, and the Repurchase Program may be suspended, modified, or discontinued at any time without prior notice. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 896,126 shares for $28,250.

Common Stock Issuances, Sales, and Repurchases

On June 17, 2021, the Company issued 3,141,342 shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock pursuant to the acquisition of Seequent (see Note 4).

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company issued 2,272,603 shares of Class B Common Stock to colleagues who exercised their stock options, net of 362,826 shares withheld at exercise to pay for the cost of the stock options, as well as for $8,459 of applicable income tax withholdings. The Company received $6,855 in proceeds from the exercise of stock options. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company issued 4,269,335 shares of Class B Common Stock to colleagues who exercised their stock options, net of 993,302 shares withheld at exercise to pay for the cost of the stock options, as well as for $34,988 of applicable income tax withholdings. The Company received $5,039 in proceeds from the exercise of stock options.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company issued 185,178 shares of Class B Common Stock related to the exercise of acquisition options (see Note 15), net of 714,822 shares withheld at exercise to pay for the cost of the options. The Company did not receive any proceeds from the exercise of these options.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company issued 284,992 and 190,619 shares of Class B Common Stock, respectively, in connection with Bonus Plan incentive compensation, net of shares withheld. Of the total 409,108 shares awarded for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, 124,116 shares were sold back to the Company in the same period to pay for applicable income tax withholdings of $5,197. Of the total 322,160 shares awarded for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, 131,541 shares were sold back to the Company in the same period to pay for applicable income tax withholdings of $6,586.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company issued 3,523,386 and 2,290,999 shares of Class B Common Stock, respectively, to DCP participants in connection with distributions from the plan. The distribution in shares for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 totaled 4,023,718 shares of which 500,332 shares were sold back to the Company in the same period to pay for applicable income tax withholdings of $24,246. The distribution in shares for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 totaled 3,674,787 shares of which 1,383,788 shares were sold back to the Company in the same period to pay for applicable income tax withholdings of $65,684.

Dividends

The Company declared cash dividends during the periods presented as follows:


	Dividend
	Per Share		Amount (1)
2022:
Third quarter	$	0.03	$	8,592
Second quarter	0.03		8,678
First quarter	0.03		8,353
2021:
Third quarter	$	0.03	$	8,485
Second quarter	0.03		8,372
First quarter	0.03		8,219

(1)Includes declared dividends for certain restricted stock awards and restricted stock units, and are net of forfeitures.

Global Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The Bentley Systems, Incorporated Global Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “ESPP”) provides eligible colleagues of the Company with an opportunity to contribute up to 15% of their eligible compensation toward the purchase of the Company’s Class B Common Stock at a discounted price, up to a maximum of $25 per year and subject to any other plan limitations. Unless otherwise determined by the board of directors, offering periods will run from January 1st (or the first trading day thereafter) through June 30th (or the first trading day prior to such date), and from July 1st (or the first trading day thereafter) through December 31st (or the first trading day prior to such date). The purchase price per share at which shares of Class B Common Stock are sold in an offering period under the ESPP will be equal to the lesser of 85% of the fair market value of a share of Class B Common Stock (i) on the first trading day of the offering period, or (ii) on the purchase date (i.e., the last trading day of the purchase period). During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, colleagues who elected to participate in the ESPP purchased a total of 307,406 shares of Class B Common Stock, net of shares withheld, resulting in cash proceeds to the Company of $10,335. Of the total 314,471 shares purchased, 7,065 shares were sold back to the Company to pay for applicable income tax withholdings of $273. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, colleagues who elected to participate in the ESPP purchased a total of 104,716 shares of Class B Common Stock, net of shares withheld, resulting in cash proceeds to the Company of $3,845. Of the total 111,486 shares purchased, 6,770 shares were sold back to the Company to pay for applicable income tax withholdings of $438. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, $2,693 and $4,818 of ESPP withholdings via colleague payroll deduction were recorded in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, respectively.

Note 14: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of the following during the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:


	Foreign		Actuarial (Loss)
	Currency		Gain on
	Translation		Retirement Plan		Total
Balance, June 30, 2022	$	(88,250)	$	(881)	$	(89,131)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, before taxes	(12,809)		16		(12,793)
Tax expense	—		(5)		(5)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of taxes	(12,809)		11		(12,798)
Balance, September 30, 2022	$	(101,059)	$	(870)	$	(101,929)


	Foreign		Actuarial (Loss)
	Currency		Gain on
	Translation		Retirement Plan		Total
Balance, June 30, 2021	$	(53,914)	$	(972)	$	(54,886)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, before taxes	(27,014)		28		(26,986)
Tax expense	—		(8)		(8)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of taxes	(27,014)		20		(26,994)
Balance, September 30, 2021	$	(80,928)	$	(952)	$	(81,880)

Accumulated other comprehensive loss consists of the following during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021:


	Foreign		Actuarial (Loss)
	Currency		Gain on
	Translation		Retirement Plan		Total
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	(90,867)	$	(907)	$	(91,774)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, before taxes	(10,192)		52		(10,140)
Tax expense	—		(15)		(15)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of taxes	(10,192)		37		(10,155)
Balance, September 30, 2022	$	(101,059)	$	(870)	$	(101,929)


	Foreign		Actuarial (Loss)
	Currency		Gain on
	Translation		Retirement Plan		Total
Balance, December 31, 2020	$	(25,219)	$	(1,014)	$	(26,233)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, before taxes	(55,709)		87		(55,622)
Tax expense	—		(25)		(25)
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of taxes	(55,709)		62		(55,647)
Balance, September 30, 2021	$	(80,928)	$	(952)	$	(81,880)

Note 15: Equity Awards and Instruments

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Total stock‑based compensation expense consists of the following:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Restricted stock and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) expense (1)	$	10,441	$	4,681	$	25,003	$	11,139
Bonus Plan expense (see Note 11)	7,305		5,586		21,444		17,181
ESPP expense (see Note 13)	565		539		2,394		1,416
Stock option expense	395		773		1,762		2,494
Stock grants expense	—		—		450		450
DCP elective participant deferrals expense (2) (see Note 12)	85		173		306		173
Total stock-based compensation expense (3)	$	18,791	$	11,752	$	51,359	$	32,853

(1)Includes acquisition‑related shares (see Note 4).

(2)DCP elective participant deferrals expense excludes deferred incentive bonus payable pursuant to the Bonus Plan.

(3)As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, $7,382 and $6,749 remained in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, respectively.

Total stock‑based compensation expense is included in the consolidated statements of operations as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Cost of subscriptions and licenses	$	757	$	323	$	1,927	$	822
Cost of services	460		235		1,407		685
Research and development	6,754		5,227		17,693		14,069
Selling and marketing	2,014		1,582		5,657		3,885
General and administrative	8,806		4,385		24,675		13,392
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	18,791	$	11,752	$	51,359	$	32,853

Stock‑based compensation expense is measured at the grant date fair value of the award and is recognized ratably over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period. Specifically for performance‑based RSUs, stock‑based compensation expense is measured at the grant date fair value of the award and is recognized ratably over the requisite service period based on the number of awards expected to vest at each reporting date. The Company accounts for forfeitures of equity awards as those forfeitures occur.

Stock Options

The following is a summary of stock option activity and related information under the Company’s applicable equity incentive plans:


				Weighted
		Weighted		Average
		Average		Remaining	Aggregate
	Stock	Exercise Price		Contractual	Intrinsic
	Options	Per Share		Life (in years)	Value
Outstanding, December 31, 2021	6,917,925	$	5.26
Exercised	(2,635,429)	4.77
Forfeited and expired	(105,500)	5.64
Outstanding, September 30, 2022	4,176,996	$	5.56	1.1	$	104,542
Exercisable, September 30, 2022	3,225,496	$	5.51	1.0	$	80,897

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company received cash proceeds of $6,855 and $5,039, respectively, related to the exercise of stock options. The total intrinsic value of stock options exercised for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 was $89,532 and $250,795, respectively.

As of September 30, 2022, there was $749 of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested stock options, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 0.5 years.

Acquisition Options — In addition to stock options granted under the Company’s equity incentive plans, in connection with an acquisition completed in March 2018, the Company issued to certain selling shareholder entities options to acquire an aggregate of up to 900,000 shares of Class B Common Stock. The options had a five‑year term, were exercisable on March 27, 2022, and had an initial exercise price of $6.805 per share. The exercise price of the options was subject to a cap and collar adjustment mechanism that automatically reduces (but not to less than $0.01) or increases the exercise price based on the difference between the exercise price and the fair market value of the Company’s Class B Common Stock on the exercise date. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, 900,000 shares were exercised. No acquisition options remain outstanding as of September 30, 2022.

Restricted Stock and RSUs

Under the equity incentive plans, the Company may grant both time‑based and performance‑based shares of restricted Class B Common Stock and RSUs to eligible colleagues. Time‑based awards generally vest ratably on each of the first four anniversaries of the grant date. Performance‑based awards vesting is determined by the achievement of certain business profitability and growth targets, which include growth in annualized recurring revenues, as well as actual bookings for perpetual licenses and non‑recurring services, and certain non‑financial performance targets. Performance targets are generally set for performance periods of one to three years.

The following is a summary of unvested restricted stock and RSU activity and related information under the Company’s applicable equity incentive plans:


							Time-		Performance-
							Based		Based
			Time-		Performance-		Weighted		Weighted
	Total		Based		Based		Average		Average
	Restricted		Restricted		Restricted		Grant Date		Grant Date
	Stock		Stock		Stock		Fair Value		Fair Value
	and RSUs		and RSUs		and RSUs		Per Share		Per Share
Unvested, December 31, 2021	1,708,545		1,611,862		96,683	(4)	$	32.81	$	49.93
Granted	1,598,661	(1)	1,235,888	(3)	362,773	(5)	38.82		38.21
Vested	(477,283)		(386,113)		(91,170)	(4)	26.40		49.93
Forfeited and canceled	(147,816)		(142,303)		(5,513)		33.64		49.93
Unvested, September 30, 2022	2,682,107	(2)	2,319,334		362,773		37.02		38.21

(1)For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company only granted RSUs.

(2)Includes 50,917 RSUs which are expected to be settled in cash.

(3)Includes 199,076 time‑based RSUs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2022 to certain officers and key employees, which cliff vest on January 31, 2025.

(4)Relates to the 2021 annual performance period. Total stock‑based compensation expense associated with these awards was fully recognized as of December 31, 2021.

(5)Primarily relates to the 2022 annual performance period, except for 185,186 performance‑based RSUs granted during the three months ended March 31, 2022 with extraordinary terms, which are described below.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company granted 185,186 performance‑based RSUs to certain officers and key employees, which vest subject to the achievement of certain performance goals over a three‑year performance period (the “Performance Period”). For each year of the Performance Period, one‑third of the performance‑based RSUs will be subject to a cliff, whereby no vesting of that portion will occur unless the Company’s Adjusted EBITDA margin also equals or exceeds the relevant target level for such year. Provided Adjusted EBITDA margin targets are met, the total number of performance‑based RSUs that will vest is determined by the achievement of certain business profitability and growth targets, which include growth in annualized recurring revenues, as well as actual bookings for perpetual licenses and non‑recurring services. Final actual vesting will be determined on January 31, 2025.

During the three months ended March 31, 2022, the Company granted 120,599 performance‑based RSUs to certain officers and key employees, which vest subject to the achievement of certain performance goals related to the 2022 annual performance period. Provided Adjusted EBITDA margin targets are met, the total number of performance‑based RSUs that will vest is determined by the achievement of certain business profitability and growth targets, which include growth in annualized recurring revenues, as well as actual bookings for perpetual licenses and non‑recurring services. To the extent performance exceeds the applicable targets for 2022, these grantees could realize a maximum of 1.25x the number of annual performance‑based RSUs granted or 150,749 performance‑based RSUs.

In 2016, the Company granted RSUs subject to performance‑based vesting as determined by the achievement of certain business growth targets. Certain colleagues elected to defer delivery of such shares upon vesting. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, 10,888 and 10,864 shares, respectively, were delivered to colleagues, and 23 and 33 additional shares, respectively, were earned as a result of dividends. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, 9,356 and 20,221 shares, respectively, of these vested and deferred RSUs remained outstanding.

The weighted average grant date fair values of RSUs granted were $38.68 and $51.03, for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, restricted stock and RSUs were issued net of 81,301 and 103,573 shares, respectively, which were sold back to the Company to settle applicable income tax withholdings of $3,208 and $6,352, respectively.

As of September 30, 2022, there was $70,919 of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested time‑based restricted stock and RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.9 years. There was no remaining unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested performance‑based restricted stock. As of September 30, 2022, there was $8,604 of unrecognized compensation expense related to unvested performance‑based RSUs, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 1.9 years.

Stock Grants

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company granted 13,632 and 7,824 fully vested shares of Class B Common Stock, respectively, with a fair value of $450.

Equity Awards Subsequent to September 30, 2022

In October 2022, the Company granted 336,809 time‑based RSUs, which vest ratably on each of the first four anniversaries of the grant date. The unrecognized compensation expense related to these RSUs is approximately $11,800, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of approximately 4.0 years.

Note 16: Income Taxes

The following is a summary of Income (loss) before income taxes, Provision (benefit) for income taxes, and effective tax rate for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30,						September 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	47,342		$	(42,333)		$	159,125		$	52,460
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	$	9,664		$	5,025		$	8,221		$	(5,090)
Effective tax rate	20.4		%	(11.9)		%	5.2		%	(9.7)		%

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the effective tax rate was higher as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2021 primarily due to the 2021 tax effect, net of officer compensation limitation provisions, related to the 2021 compensation charge of $90,721 to Deferred compensation plan expenses to record reallocated deferred compensation plan liabilities at fair value (see Note 12). For the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company also recorded discrete tax benefits of $4,280 and $6,920, respectively, primarily associated with windfall tax benefits from stock‑based compensation, net of the impact from officer compensation limitation provisions.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the effective tax rate was higher as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2021 primarily due to the 2021 tax effect, net of officer compensation limitation provisions, related to the 2021 compensation charge of $90,721 to Deferred compensation plan expenses to record reallocated deferred compensation plan liabilities at fair value (see Note 12). For the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, the Company also recorded discrete tax benefits of $36,032 and $42,825, respectively, primarily associated with windfall tax benefits from stock‑based compensation, net of the impact from officer compensation limitation provisions.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company repatriated $150,000 of undistributed previously taxed earnings generated by its foreign subsidiaries to the U.S. The repatriations were used to fund the acquisition of Power Line Systems (see Note 4). The cash repatriations did not have a material impact on Provision for income taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.

Note 17: Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Derivatives Not Designated As Hedging Instrument

The Company has an interest rate swap with a notional amount of $200,000 and a termination date of April 2, 2030 to reduce the interest rate risk associated with the Company’s Credit Facility. The interest rate swap is not designated as a hedging instrument for accounting purposes. The Company accounts for the interest rate swap as either an asset or a liability in the consolidated balance sheets and carries the derivative at fair value.

The following is a summary of the interest rate swap activity:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,				Recognized in Consolidated
	2022		2021		2022		2021		Statements of Operations
Interest rate swap:
Gain from change in fair value	$	9,828	$	1,463	$	29,318	$	9,198	Other income (expense), net
(Refunds) payments	(752)		325		(475)		942		Interest expense, net

Fair Value

The Company applies the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement, for fair value measurements of financial assets and financial liabilities and for fair value measurements of non‑financial items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the consolidated financial statements.

The Company’s financial instruments include cash equivalents, account receivables, certain other assets, accounts payable, accruals, certain other current and long‑term liabilities, and long‑term debt.

The following methods and assumptions were used by the Company in estimating its fair value disclosures for financial instruments as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021:

Current assets and current liabilities — In general, the carrying amounts reported on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets for current assets and current liabilities approximate their fair values due to the short‑term nature of those instruments.

Acquisition contingent consideration — The fair value of these liabilities is based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. The valuation of contingent consideration uses assumptions the Company believes would be made by a market participant.

Interest rate swap — The fair value of the Company’s interest rate swap is measured based on the implied forward rates from the U.S. Dollar one‑month LIBOR yield curve and are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.

Long-term debt — The fair value of the Company’s borrowings under its Credit Facility approximated its carrying value based upon discounted cash flows at current market rates for instruments with similar remaining terms. The Company considers these valuation inputs to be Level 2 inputs in the fair value hierarchy. As of September 30, 2022, the estimated fair value of the 2026 Notes and 2027 Notes was $582,595 and $439,680, respectively. As of December 31, 2021, the estimated fair value of the 2026 Notes and 2027 Notes was $720,284 and $531,915, respectively. The estimated fair value of the 2026 Notes and 2027 Notes is based on quoted market prices of the Company’s instrument in markets that are not active and are classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. Considerable judgment is necessary to interpret the market data and develop estimates of fair values. Accordingly, the estimates presented are not necessarily indicative of the amounts at which these instruments could be purchased, sold, or settled.

Deferred compensation plan liabilities — The fair value of deferred compensation plan liabilities, including the liability classified phantom investments in the DCP, are marked to market at the end of each reporting period.

A financial asset or liability classification is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy consists of the following three levels:

Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument.

Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs based on management’s own assumptions used to measure assets and liabilities at fair value.

Financial assets and financial liabilities carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis consist of the following:


September 30, 2022	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Money market funds (1)	$	18	$	—	$	—	$	18
Interest rate swap (2)	—		39,435		—		39,435
Total assets	$	18	$	39,435	$	—	$	39,453
Liabilities:
Acquisition contingent consideration (3)	$	—	$	—	$	1,244	$	1,244
Deferred compensation plan liabilities (4)	72,990		—		—		72,990
Cash-settled equity awards (5)	279		—		—		279
Total liabilities	$	73,269	$	—	$	1,244	$	74,513


December 31, 2021	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Assets:
Money market funds (1)	$	21	$	—	$	—	$	21
Interest rate swap (2)	—		10,117		—		10,117
Total assets	$	21	$	10,117	$	—	$	10,138
Liabilities:
Acquisition contingent consideration (3)	$	—	$	—	$	6,613	$	6,613
Deferred compensation plan liabilities (4)	102,199		—		—		102,199
Cash-settled equity awards (5)	353		—		—		353
Total liabilities	$	102,552	$	—	$	6,613	$	109,165

(1)Included in Cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated balance sheets.

(2)Included in Other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

(3)Included in Other liabilities, except for current liabilities of $1,244 and $5,382 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which are included in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Acquisition contingent consideration liability is measured at fair value and is based on significant inputs not observable in the market, which represents a Level 3 measurement within the fair value hierarchy. The valuation of contingent consideration uses assumptions the Company believes would be made by a market participant.

(4)Included in Deferred compensation plan liabilities, except for current liabilities of $1,977 and $7,309 as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, which are included in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

(5)Included in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets.

The following is a reconciliation of the changes in fair value of the Company’s financial liabilities which have been classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy:


	Nine Months Ended		Year Ended
	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021


Balance, beginning of year	$	6,613	$	4,299
Payments	(5,160)		(2,371)
Addition	—		4,544
Change in fair value	(6)		294
Foreign currency translation adjustments	(203)		(153)
Balance, end of period	$	1,244	$	6,613

The Company did not have any transfers between levels within the fair value hierarchy.

Note 18: Commitments and Contingencies

Purchase Commitment — In the normal course of business, the Company enters into various purchase commitments for goods and services. As of September 30, 2022, the non‑cancelable future cash purchase commitment for services related to the cloud provisioning of the Company’s software solutions was $23,998 through May 2023. The Company expects to fully consume its contractual commitment in the ordinary course of operations.

Operating Leases — The Company leases certain office facilities, office equipment, and automobiles under operating leases having initial or remaining non‑cancelable terms in excess of one year (see Note 8).

Litigation — From time to time, the Company is involved in certain legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. In management’s opinion, based upon the advice of counsel, the outcome of such actions is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s future financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.

Note 19: Geographic Data

Revenues by geographic region are presented in Note 3. Long‑lived assets (other than goodwill), net of depreciation and amortization by geographic region (see Notes 5, 6, and 8) are as follows:


	September 30, 2022		December 31, 2021


Americas (1)	$	170,712	$	99,500
EMEA	30,348		44,730
APAC	172,365		184,245
Total long-lived assets	$	373,425	$	328,475

(1)Americas includes the U.S., Canada, and Latin America (including the Caribbean).

Note 20: Interest Expense, Net

Interest expense, net consists of the following:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Interest expense (see Note 10)	$	(8,491)	$	(3,861)	$	(23,319)	$	(8,844)
Interest income	109		25		273		236
Interest expense, net	$	(8,382)	$	(3,836)	$	(23,046)	$	(8,608)

Note 21: Other Income (Expense), Net

Other income (expense), net consists of the following:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Gain (loss) from:
Change in fair value of interest rate swap (see Note 17)	$	9,828	$	1,463	$	29,318	$	9,198
Foreign exchange (1)	(11,027)		(2,446)		(18,815)		(248)
Sale of aircraft (see Note 5)	—		—		2,029		—

Change in fair value of acquisition contingent consideration	506		—		6		—
Other income, net	873		26		1,780		798
Total other income (expense), net	$	180	$	(957)	$	14,318	$	9,748

(1)Foreign exchange loss is primarily attributable to foreign currency translation derived mainly from U.S. Dollar denominated cash and cash equivalents, account receivables, customer deposits, and intercompany balances held by foreign subsidiaries. Intercompany finance transactions denominated in U.S. Dollars resulted in unrealized foreign exchange losses of $5,730 and $2,741 for the three months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $12,293 and $1,298 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Note 22: Net Income (Loss) Per Share

The Company issues certain performance-based RSUs determined to be participating securities because holders of such shares have non-forfeitable dividend rights in the event of the Company’s declaration of a dividend for common shares. As of September 30, 2022 and 2021, there were 362,773 and 99,683 participating securities outstanding, respectively.

Undistributed net income (loss) allocated to participating securities are subtracted from net income (loss) in determining basic net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders. Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing basic net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares, inclusive of undistributed shares held in the DCP as phantom shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock.

For the Company’s diluted net income (loss) per share numerator, interest expense, net of tax, attributable to the conversion of the convertible senior notes is added back to basic net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders. For the Company’s diluted net income (loss) per share denominator, the basic weighted average number of shares is adjusted by the effect of dilutive securities, including awards under the Company’s equity compensation plans and ESPP, and by the dilutive effect of the assumed conversion of the convertible senior notes. Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing diluted net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted average number of fully diluted common shares.

Except with respect to voting and conversion, the rights of the holders of the Company’s Class A Common Stock and the Company’s Class B Common Stock are identical. Each class of shares has the same rights to dividends and allocation of income (loss) and, therefore, net income (loss) per share would not differ under the two‑class method.

The details of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share are as follows:


	Three Months Ended					Nine Months Ended
	September 30,					September 30,
	2022		2021			2022		2021
Numerator:
Net income (loss)	$	36,997	$	(48,022)		$	149,058	$	54,611
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to participating securities	(11)		(3)			(31)		(6)
Net income (loss) attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders, basic	36,986		(48,025)			149,027		54,605
Add: Interest expense, net of tax, attributable to assumed conversion of convertible senior notes	832		—		(1)	5,116		—
Net income (loss) attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders, diluted	$	37,818	$	(48,025)		$	154,143	$	54,605

Denominator:
Weighted average shares, basic	310,116,104		308,195,379			308,959,801		305,119,985
Dilutive effect of stock options, restricted stock, and RSUs	4,126,936		—			5,278,839		9,430,643
Dilutive effect of ESPP	168,518		—			171,571		107,508
Dilutive effect of assumed conversion of convertible senior notes	10,758,825		—			17,667,623		—
Weighted average shares, diluted	325,170,383		308,195,379			332,077,834		314,658,136

Net income (loss) per share, basic	$	0.12	$	(0.16)		$	0.48	$	0.18
Net income (loss) per share, diluted	$	0.12	$	(0.16)		$	0.46	$	0.17

(1)The effect of interest expense, net of tax, attributable to assumed conversion of convertible senior notes for the three months ended September 30, 2021 has been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share due to the net loss for the period.

The following potential common shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders because their effect would have been anti‑dilutive for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended			Nine Months Ended
	September 30,			September 30,
	2022	2021		2022	2021
RSUs	297,789	8,174,124		279,789	90,400
ESPP	—	97,804		—	—
Convertible senior notes	6,908,798	17,667,623		—	12,076,899
Total anti-dilutive securities	7,206,587	25,939,551	(1)	279,789	12,167,299

(1)The effect of dilutive securities for the three months ended September 30, 2021 have been excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share as those potential common shares would have been anti‑dilutive due to the net loss for the period, except for 90,400 RSUs that were anti‑dilutive under the two‑class method calculation of diluted net income (loss) per share.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto appearing in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q and with our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in Part II, Item 8 of our 2021 Annual Report on Form 10‑K on file with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). In addition to historical information, this discussion contains forward‑looking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions that could cause actual results to differ materially from management’s expectations. Factors that could cause such differences are set forth in Part II, Item 1A. Risk Factors of this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q.

All amounts presented in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, except share and per share amounts, are presented in thousands. Additionally, many of the amounts and percentages have been rounded for convenience of presentation.

Overview:

We are a leading global provider of software for infrastructure engineering, enabling the work of civil, structural, geoprofessional, and plant engineering practitioners, their project delivery enterprises, and owner‑operators of infrastructure assets.

Our enduring commitment is to develop and support the most comprehensive portfolio of integrated software offerings across professional disciplines, project and asset lifecycles, infrastructure sectors, and geographies. Our software enables digital workflows across engineering disciplines, distributed project teams, from offices to the field, and across computing form factors, including desktops, on‑premises servers, cloud‑native services, mobile devices, and web browsers. We deliver our solutions via on‑premises, cloud, and hybrid environments. Our users engineer, construct, and operate projects and assets across the following infrastructure sectors:

•public works (including roads, rail, bridges, tunnels, airports, ports, and federal, state, and municipal agencies)/utilities (including networks for electricity, gas, communications, and water, wastewater, and drainage). We estimate that this sector represents 49% of the net infrastructure asset value of the global top 500 infrastructure owners based on the 2021 edition of the Bentley Infrastructure 500 Top Owners, our annual compilation of the world’s largest infrastructure owners ranked by net depreciated value of their tangible fixed assets;

•industrial (including discrete and process manufacturing, oil and gas “downstream,” and power generation). We estimate that this sector represents 18% of the global top 500 infrastructure owners’ net infrastructure asset value;

•resources (including mining, oil and gas “upstream,” offshore, pipelines, environmental management, and renewable energy). We estimate that this sector represents 22% of the global top 500 infrastructure owners’ net infrastructure asset value; and

•commercial/facilities (including office buildings, retail facilities, hospitals, and campuses). We estimate that this sector represents 11% of the global top 500 infrastructure owners’ net infrastructure asset value.

We offer solutions for enterprises and professionals across the infrastructure lifecycle. Our engineering applications and geoprofessional applications support the breadth of engineering and geoprofessional disciplines and are primarily desktop applications for professional practitioners. Our project delivery and asset performance Enterprise Systems are provided via cloud and hybrid environments, developed respectively to extend enterprise collaboration during project delivery, and to manage and leverage engineering information during operations and maintenance. Our Industry Solutions solve domain‑specific problems for owners of infrastructure assets, and the project delivery ecosystems that support these owners. Our cloud-native iTwin Platform solutions enable digital twin workflows, which can span project and asset lifecycles.

We continue to make substantial investments in research and development because we believe the infrastructure engineering software market presents compelling opportunities for the application of new technologies that advance our current solutions. Our research and development roadmap balances technology advances and new offerings with continuous enhancements to existing offerings. Our allocation of research and development resources is guided by management‑established priorities, input from product managers, and user and sales force feedback.

We bring our offerings to market primarily through direct sales channels that generated approximately 92% of our 2021 total revenues.

Our sources of revenue growth, excluding the impact from acquisitions, come from additional subscriptions revenues from existing accounts using the same products and represent the majority of our revenue growth, additional subscriptions revenues from existing accounts using new products, and subscriptions revenues from new accounts. For the year ended December 31, 2021, subscriptions represented 84% of our total revenues, and together with certain services revenues that are recurring in nature and represented 2% of our total revenues, brought the proportion of our recurring revenues to 86% of our total revenues. The remaining 14% of our revenues were generated from the sale of perpetual licenses and the delivery of non‑recurring services. We have a highly‑diversified account base, with our largest account representing no more than 2.5% of our total revenues in 2021. Our 2021 total revenues were also diversified by account type, size, and geography. Additionally, we believe that we have a loyal account base, with over 70% of our 2021 total revenues from organizations that have been our accounts for over ten years. Between 2001 and 2021, our total revenues had an approximately 8% compound annual growth rate.

Our Commercial Offerings:

Our solutions are made available to our accounts in a broad range of commercial offerings designed to accommodate the diverse preferences of our accounts, which range from owned versus subscribed, short‑term subscriptions versus longer term annual subscriptions, and fee‑certain arrangements versus variable or consumption‑based arrangements with consumption measurement durations of less than one year. We contract our commercial offerings under a single form of standard contract, which includes liability and other risk protections in our favor, and appropriate standard addendums to the primary contract, which specifically address the commercial offerings provided. Our standard commercial offerings are summarized in the table below, with further descriptions following the table:

SELECT Subscriptions. Our SELECT subscription is a prepaid annual recurring subscription that accompanies a new or previously purchased perpetual license. We believe that the SELECT benefits summarized below support our favorable rates of account retention and growth:

•Software upgrades;

•Comprehensive technical support;

•License pooling providing accounts with efficiency advantages;

•Portfolio balancing providing accounts the opportunity to exchange unused or under used licenses with other of our license offerings;

•Learning benefits, Azure‑based cloud collaboration services, and mobility advantages; and

•Access to our entire application portfolio with usage of licenses not previously purchased monetized quarterly in arrears based on consumption. See the section titled “—Term License Subscriptions” below.

Enterprise Subscriptions. Our enterprise subscription offerings provide our enterprise accounts with complete and unlimited global access to our comprehensive portfolio of solutions.

•Enterprise 365 (“E365”) Subscriptions. Under our E365 subscription, accounts are charged based upon daily usage. E365 subscriptions can contain quarterly usage floors or collars. The daily usage fee includes a term license component, SELECT maintenance and support, hosting, and Success Blueprints, which are designed to achieve business outcomes through more efficient and effective use of our software.

•Enterprise License Subscriptions (“ELS”). Under our ELS offering, accounts are charged based upon a fixed annual fee. Subsequent annual renewals are based on the account’s usage of software in the preceding year, effectively resulting in a fee‑certain annual consumption‑based arrangement. We are completing efforts to transition ELS subscribers to E365 subscriptions, primarily to simplify pricing, more closely align consumption to monetization, and to establish Success Blueprints as recurring to ensure better business outcomes for our users. In transitioning subscribers to E365, we recognize a greater proportion of our revenues on a quarterly basis rather than substantially upfront.

Term License Subscriptions

Annual Term Licenses (“ATL”) Subscription. Annual term licenses are generally prepaid annually for named user access to specific products and include our Virtuoso subscriptions sold via our Virtuosity eStore for practitioner licenses. Virtuoso subscriptions are bundles with customizable training and expert consultation administered through “keys” or credits. ATL are also used to monetize site or enterprise wide access for certain of our AssetWise solutions within given usage bands.

Quarterly Term License (“QTL”) Subscription. Through quarterly term licenses, accounts pay quarterly in arrears for licenses they have used representing usage beyond their contracted quantities. Much like our enterprise subscription programs, a QTL allows smaller- and medium‑sized accounts to match usage to ongoing project requirements.

Monthly Term License (“MTL”) Subscription. Monthly term licenses are identical to QTL subscriptions, except for the term of the license, and the manner in which they are monetized. MTL subscriptions require a Cloud Services Subscription, which is discussed below.

Visas and Passports. Visas and Passports are quarterly or annual term licenses enabling users to access specific project or enterprise information and entitles our users to certain functionality of our ProjectWise and AssetWise systems. Generally, a Passport provides desktop, web, and mobile application access to project information and certain functions, and a Visa provides similar access, plus added functionality depending upon the product to which the Visa is aligned.

While certain legacy arrangements are supported, our standard offering requires Visas and Passports to be fulfilled and contracted via a CSS, which is discussed below.

Cloud Services Subscription (“CSS”). CSS is designed to streamline the procurement, administration, and payment process for us and our accounts. A CSS requires an upfront annual estimation of MTL, Visa and Passport consumption, and any Success Services expected for the upcoming year. A deposit for the annual estimated consumption is submitted in advance. Actual consumption is monitored and invoiced against the deposit on a calendar quarter basis. Accounts are charged only for what gets used and deposited amounts never expire.

Perpetual Licenses

We historically have sold perpetual licenses and continue to offer them to our accounts as an available option for most of our applications. Perpetual licenses are available for accounts that prefer to own their software licenses and may be sold with or without attaching a SELECT subscription. Historically, attachment and retention of the SELECT subscription has been high given the benefits of the SELECT subscription.

Services

We provide professional services, including training, implementation, configuration, customization, and strategic consulting services. We perform projects on both a time and materials and a fixed fee basis. Certain of our fixed‑fee arrangements, including our Success Services offerings, are structured as subscription‑like, packaged offerings that are annually recurring in nature. Success Services are standard service offerings that provide a level of dedicated professional services above the standard technical support offered to all accounts as part of their SELECT or enterprise agreement.

Key Business Metrics:

We regularly review the following key metrics to evaluate our business, measure our performance, identify trends in our business, prepare financial projections, and make strategic decisions.


	September 30,
	2022			2021
Annualized recurring revenues (“ARR”)	$	983,656		$	903,845
Last twelve-months recurring revenues	$	950,367		$	789,972
Twelve-months ended constant currency:
ARR growth rate	14		%	26		%
Account retention rate	99		%	98		%
Recurring revenues dollar-based net retention rate	110		%	106		%

ARR. Our ARR is defined as the sum of the annualized value of our portfolio of contracts that produce recurring revenues as of the last day of the reporting period, and the annualized value of the last three months of recognized revenues for our contractually recurring consumption‑based software subscriptions with consumption measurement durations of less than one year, calculated using the spot foreign exchange rates. We believe that the last three months of recognized revenues, on an annualized basis, for our recurring software subscriptions with consumption measurement period durations of less than one year is a reasonable estimate of the annual revenues, given our consistently high retention rate and stability of usage under such subscriptions. ARR resulting from the annualization of recurring contracts with consumption measurement durations of less than one year, as a percentage of total ARR, was 41% and 37% as of September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Within our consumption‑measured ARR, the continuous uptake of our E365 subscription offering has increased daily consumption‑measured ARR, representing 33% of total ARR as of September 30, 2022. We believe that ARR is an important metric indicating the scale and growth of our business. Furthermore, we believe ARR, considered in connection with our recurring revenues dollar‑based net retention rate, is a leading indicator of revenue growth.

In March 2022, in response to the Russia‑Ukraine war, we announced a pause of sales in Russia and Belarus, in addition to our strict compliance with applicable sanctions, regimes, and other regulatory restrictions on business activities in those countries. As a result of the conflict, we deemed our overall business recurrence in the affected countries to have been reduced by approximately 50%, and accordingly, reduced our related ARR by $5,190 as of March 31, 2022. During the second quarter of 2022, the marked shifts in the Russian business environment and economic outlook led us to conclude it was no longer viable for us to continue operations in Russia. Accordingly, we made the decision to wind down business and exit the Russian market, which resulted in a further reduction in our ARR by $6,000.

Last twelve‑months recurring revenues. Last twelve‑months recurring revenues is calculated as recurring revenues recognized over the preceding twelve‑month period. We define recurring revenues as subscriptions revenues that recur monthly, quarterly, or annually with specific or automatic renewal clauses and services revenues in which the underlying contract is based on a fixed fee and contains automatic annual renewal provisions.

We believe that last twelve‑months recurring revenues is an important indicator of our performance during the immediately preceding twelve‑month time period. We believe that we will continue to experience favorable growth in recurring revenues primarily due to our strong account retention and recurring revenues dollar‑based net retention rates, as well as the addition of new accounts with recurring revenues. The last twelve‑months recurring revenues for the periods ended September 30, 2022 compared to the last twelve‑months of the preceding twelve‑month period increased by $160,395. This increase was primarily due to growth in ARR, which is primarily the result of growing our recurring revenues within our existing accounts as expressed in our recurring revenues dollar‑based net retention rate, as well as additional recurring revenues resulting from new accounts and acquisitions, including the favorable impact from our platform acquisitions of Power Line Systems and Seequent Holdings Limited (“Seequent”). For the twelve months ended September 30, 2022, 88% of our revenues were recurring revenues.

Constant currency metrics. In reporting period‑over‑period results, we calculate the effects of foreign currency fluctuations and constant currency information by translating current period results using prior period average foreign currency exchange rates. Our definition of constant currency may differ from other companies reporting similarly named measures, and these constant currency performance measures should be viewed in addition to, and not as a substitute for, our operating performance measures calculated in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”).

ARR growth rate. Our ARR growth rate is the growth rate of our ARR, measured on a constant currency basis. Our ARR growth rate was favorably impacted by 2.5% due to the ARR onboarding from our platform acquisition of Power Line Systems during the twelve months ended September 30, 2022. We believe that ARR growth is an important metric indicating the scale and growth of our business.

Account retention rate. Our account retention rate for any given twelve-month period is calculated using the average currency exchange rates for the prior period, as follows: the prior period recurring revenues from all accounts with recurring revenues in the current and prior period, divided by total recurring revenues from all accounts during the prior period. Our account retention rate is an important indicator that provides insight into the long‑term value of our account relationships and our ability to retain our account base. We believe that our consistent and high account retention rates illustrate our ability to retain and cultivate long‑term relationships with our accounts.

Recurring revenues dollar‑based net retention rate. Our recurring revenues dollar‑based net retention rate is calculated using the average exchange rates for the prior period, as follows: the recurring revenues for the current period, including any growth or reductions from existing accounts, but excluding recurring revenues from any new accounts added during the current period, divided by the total recurring revenues from all accounts during the prior period. A period is defined as any trailing twelve months. Related to our platform acquisitions, recurring revenues into new accounts will be captured as existing accounts starting with the second anniversary of the acquisition when such data conforms to the calculation methodology. This may cause variability in the comparison. We believe our recurring revenues dollar‑based net retention rate is a key indicator of our success in growing our revenues within our existing accounts. Given that recurring revenues represented 88% of our total revenues for the twelve months ended September 30, 2022, this metric helps explain our revenue performance, excluding the impact from acquisitions, as primarily growth into existing accounts. We believe that our consistent and high recurring revenues dollar‑based net retention rate illustrates our ability to consistently retain accounts and grow them.

Our calculation of these metrics may not be comparable to other companies with similarly‑titled metrics.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures:

In addition to our results determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP, we also use the below non‑GAAP financial information to evaluate our ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes.


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Adjusted EBITDA	$	89,740	$	84,468	$	273,877	$	236,778
Adjusted Net Income	61,825		56,289		215,189		194,971

Adjusted EBITDA. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) adjusted for interest expense, net, provision (benefit) for income taxes, depreciation and amortization, stock‑based compensation, expense (income) relating to deferred compensation plan liabilities, acquisition expenses, realignment expenses (income), other non‑operating (income) expense, net, and (income) loss from investment accounted for using the equity method, net of tax.

Adjusted Net Income. We define Adjusted Net Income as net income (loss) adjusted for the following: amortization of purchased intangibles and developed technologies, stock‑based compensation, expense (income) relating to deferred compensation plan liabilities, acquisition expenses, realignment expenses (income), other non‑operating (income) expense, net, the tax effect of the above adjustments to net income (loss), and (income) loss from investment accounted for using the equity method, net of tax. The income tax effect of non‑GAAP adjustments was determined using the applicable rates in the taxing jurisdictions in which income or expense occurred, and represent both current and deferred income tax expense or benefit based on the nature of the non‑GAAP adjustments, including the tax effects of non‑cash stock‑based compensation expense.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income are not presentations made in accordance with U.S. GAAP, and our use of the terms Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income may vary from the use of similarly titled measures by others in our industry due to the potential inconsistencies in the method of calculation and differences due to items subject to interpretation. We believe the presentation of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income provides useful information to management and investors regarding financial and business trends related to our results of operations and that when non‑GAAP financial information is viewed with U.S. GAAP financial information, investors are provided with a more meaningful understanding of our ongoing operating performance. We also use Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income to compare our results to those of our competitors and to consistently measure our performance from period to period. During the second quarter of 2022, we modified our definitions of Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income to adjust for realignment expenses (income) relating to our Russian market exit costs as described further below. Amounts for all periods herein reflect application of the aforementioned definitions modification.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income should not be considered as alternatives to net income (loss), operating income, or any other performance measures derived in accordance with U.S. GAAP as measures of operating performance. Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income have important limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for analysis of our results as reported under U.S. GAAP.

Reconciliation of net income (loss) to Adjusted EBITDA:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income (loss)	$	36,997	$	(48,022)	$	149,058	$	54,611
Interest expense, net	8,382		3,836		23,046		8,608
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	9,664		5,025		8,221		(5,090)
Depreciation and amortization	17,914		16,666		53,644		35,946
Stock-based compensation (2)	18,626		11,588		50,974		32,186
Deferred compensation plan (3)	(4,576)		88,965		(21,873)		89,327
Acquisition expenses (4)	3,203		4,789		21,056		27,999
Realignment (income) expenses (5)	(971)		—		2,223		—
Other (income) expense, net (6)	(180)		957		(14,318)		(9,748)
Loss from investment accounted for using the equity method, net of tax	681		664		1,846		2,939
Adjusted EBITDA	$	89,740	$	84,468	$	273,877	$	236,778

Reconciliation of net income (loss) to Adjusted Net Income:


	Three Months Ended				Nine Months Ended
	September 30,				September 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income (loss)	$	36,997	$	(48,022)	$	149,058	$	54,611
Non-GAAP adjustments, prior to income taxes:
Amortization of purchased intangibles and developed technologies (1)	13,575		11,539		40,174		22,003
Stock-based compensation (2)	18,626		11,588		50,974		32,186
Deferred compensation plan (3)	(4,576)		88,965		(21,873)		89,327
Acquisition expenses (4)	3,203		4,789		21,056		27,999
Realignment (income) expenses (5)	(971)		—		2,223		—
Other (income) expense, net (6)	(180)		957		(14,318)		(9,748)
Total non-GAAP adjustments, prior to income taxes	29,677		117,838		78,236		161,767
Income tax effect of non-GAAP adjustments	(5,530)		(14,191)		(13,951)		(24,346)
Loss from investment accounted for using the equity method, net of tax	681		664		1,846		2,939
Adjusted Net Income	$	61,825	$	56,289	$	215,189	$	194,971

Further explanation of certain of our adjustments in arriving at Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income are as follows:

(1)Amortization of purchased intangibles and developed technologies. Amortization of purchased intangibles varies in amount and frequency and is significantly impacted by the timing and size of our acquisitions. Management finds it useful to exclude these non‑cash charges from our operating expenses to assist in budgeting, planning, and forecasting future periods. The use of intangible assets and developed technologies contributed to our revenues earned during the periods presented and will also contribute to our revenues in future periods. Amortization of purchased intangible assets and developed technologies will recur in future periods.

(2)Stock‑based compensation. We exclude certain stock‑based compensation expenses from our non‑GAAP measures primarily because they are non‑cash expenses and management finds it useful to exclude certain non‑cash charges to assess the appropriate level of various operating expenses to assist in budgeting, planning, and forecasting future periods. Moreover, because of the variety of award types and subjective assumptions that companies can use under Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, we believe excluding stock‑based compensation expenses allows investors to make meaningful comparisons between our recurring core business results of operations and those of other companies.

(3)Deferred compensation plan. In August 2021, our board of directors approved an amendment to the amended and restated Bentley Systems, Incorporated Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan (the “DCP”), which offered to certain active executives in the DCP a one‑time, short‑term election to reallocate a limited portion of their DCP holdings from phantom shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock into other phantom investment funds. The offer to reallocate was subject to a proration mechanism which adjusted the aggregate elections to a maximum of 1,500,000 phantom shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock. This one‑time reallocation opportunity was offered only to certain active executives (but not to Directors or Bentley family members) in order to encourage retention, as otherwise these executives could only have materially diversified their investments in Company equity (primarily held in the DCP) by voluntarily terminating employment to trigger DCP distributions. These executives in aggregate accordingly diversified 24% of their phantom shares of the Company’s Class B Common Stock. While DCP participants’ investments in phantom shares remain equity classified, as they will be settled in shares of Class B Common Stock upon eventual distribution, the amendment and elections resulted in a change to liability classification for the reallocated phantom investments, as they will be settled in cash upon eventual distribution. As a result, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, we recognized a one‑time compensation charge of $90,721 to Deferred compensation plan expenses in the consolidated statements of operations to record the reallocated deferred compensation plan liabilities at their fair value. Deferred compensation plan liabilities are marked to market at the end of each reporting period, with changes in the liabilities recorded as an expense (income) to Deferred compensation plan in the consolidated statements of operations. We exclude Deferred compensation plan expense (income) when we evaluate our continuing operational performance because it is not reflective of our ongoing business and results of operation. We believe it is useful for investors to understand the effects of this item on our total operating expenses.

(4)Acquisition expenses. We incur expenses for professional services rendered in connection with business combinations, which are included in our U.S. GAAP presentation of general and administrative expense (See Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q). Also included in our acquisition expenses are retention incentives paid to executives of the acquired companies. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, $350 and $10,149, respectively, of our acquisition expenses related to our platform acquisition of Power Line Systems. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, $389 and $16,285, respectively, of our acquisition expenses related to our platform acquisition of Seequent. We exclude these acquisition expenses when we evaluate our continuing operational performance as we would not have otherwise incurred these expenses in the periods presented as part of our continuing operations.

(5)Realignment (income) expenses. During the second quarter of 2022, the marked shifts in the Russian business environment and economic outlook led us to conclude it was no longer viable for us to continue operations in Russia. Accordingly, we made the decision to wind down business and exit the Russian market. As a result, we incurred exit costs, which were comprised of termination benefits for colleagues whose positions were eliminated and asset impairments (“Russian market exit costs”). We exclude these charges and subsequent adjustments to our estimates when we evaluate our continuing operational performance because they are not reflective of our ongoing business and results of operations. We believe it is useful for investors to understand the effects of these items on our total operating expenses. In the ordinary course of operating our business, we incur severance expenses that are not included in this adjustment.

(6)Other (income) expense, net. The table below contains the details of Other (income) expense, net. We exclude these items because they are not reflective of our ongoing business and results of operations. We believe it is useful for investors to understand the effects of these items on our results of operations.

Three Months Ended

Nine Months Ended

September 30,

2022

2021