Block, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2020 March (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

______________________

FORM 10-Q

______________________

(Mark One)


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2020


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission File Number: 001-37622

______________________

Square, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

______________________


Delaware						80-0429876
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(IRS Employer Identification No.)

1455 Market Street, Suite 600

San Francisco, CA 94103

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

(415) 375-3176

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A common stock, $0.0000001 par value per share	SQ	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of May 1, 2020, the number of shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock outstanding was 362,988,307 and the number of shares of the registrant’s Class B common stock outstanding was 76,362,944.

TABLE OF CONTENTS


Page No.
PART I—Financial Information
Item 1. Financial Statements
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (unaudited)			5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (unaudited)			6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (unaudited)			7
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)			8
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (unaudited)			9
Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)			10
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations			39
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk			52
Item 4. Controls and Procedures			53
PART II—Other Information
Item 1. Legal Proceedings			54
Item 1A. Risk Factors			55
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds			80
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities			80
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures			80
Item 5. Other Information			80
Item 6. Exhibits			80
Signatures			81

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or our future financial or operating performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements because they contain words such as “may,” “will,” “appears,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “intends,” “target,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “predicts,” “potential,” or “continue,” or the negative of these words or other similar terms or expressions that concern our expectations, strategy, plans, or intentions. Forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include, but are not limited to, statements about our future financial performance, the impact of the recent COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic and related public health measures on our business, customers, and employees, our expectations regarding transaction and loan losses, our anticipated growth and growth strategies and our ability to effectively manage that growth, our ability to invest in and develop our products and services to operate with changing technology, the expected benefits of our products to our customers and the impact of our products on our business, and our expectations regarding Gross Payment Volume (GPV) and revenue, including our expectations regarding the Cash App and Seller ecosystems, our expectations regarding product launches, the expected impact of our recent acquisitions, our plans with respect to patents and other intellectual property, our expectations regarding litigation and positions we have taken with respect to our tax classification, our expectations regarding share-based compensation, our expectations regarding the impacts of accounting guidance, our expectations regarding restricted cash, and the sufficiency of our cash and cash equivalents and cash generated from operations to meet our working capital and capital expenditure requirements.

We have based the forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our business, financial condition, results of operations, prospects, business strategy, and financial needs. The outcome of the events described in these forward-looking statements is subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors described in the section titled “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time and it is not possible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties that could have an impact on the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We cannot assure you that the results, events, and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur, and actual results, events, or circumstances could differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements.

All forward-looking statements are based on information and estimates available to the Company at the time of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and are not guarantees of future performance. We undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or to reflect new information or the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by law.

Part I—Financial Information

Item 1. Financial Statements

SQUARE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)  (In thousands, except share and per share data)


	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,962,316	$	1,047,118
Investments in short-term debt securities	521,840		492,456
Settlements receivable	521,629		588,692
Customer funds	944,811		676,292
Loans held for sale	160,709		164,834
Other current assets	278,670		250,409
Total current assets	4,389,975		3,219,801
Property and equipment, net	150,659		149,194
Goodwill	288,533		266,345
Acquired intangible assets, net	81,936		69,079
Investments in long-term debt securities	529,460		537,303

Operating lease right-of-use assets	413,458		113,148
Other non-current assets	149,852		196,388
Total assets	$	6,003,873	$	4,551,258
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Customers payable	$	1,485,439	$	1,273,135
Settlements payable	89,150		95,834
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	392,734		297,841

Operating lease liabilities, current	37,335		27,275
Total current liabilities	2,004,658		1,694,085

Long-term debt	1,760,847		938,832

Operating lease liabilities, non-current	349,562		108,830
Other non-current liabilities	80,861		94,461
Total liabilities	4,195,928		2,836,208
Commitments and contingencies (Note 17)
Stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.0000001 par value: 100,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019. None issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.	—		—
Class A common stock, $0.0000001 par value: 1,000,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019; 359,142,301 and 352,386,562 issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.	—		—
Class B common stock, $0.0000001 par value: 500,000,000 shares authorized at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019; 79,621,335 and 80,410,158 issued and outstanding at March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.	—		—
Additional paid-in capital	2,427,596		2,223,749
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)	(3,432)		1,629
Accumulated deficit	(616,219)		(510,328)
Total stockholders’ equity	1,807,945		1,715,050
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	6,003,873	$	4,551,258

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

SQUARE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except per share data)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Revenue:
Transaction-based revenue	$	758,101	$	656,762
Subscription and services-based revenue	296,235		218,857
Hardware revenue	20,675		18,212
Bitcoin revenue	306,098		65,528
Total net revenue	1,381,109		959,359
Cost of revenue:
Transaction-based costs	465,779		409,069
Subscription and services-based costs	40,711		60,523
Hardware costs	34,372		26,941
Bitcoin costs	299,426		64,696
Amortization of acquired technology	2,320		1,376
Total cost of revenue	842,608		562,605
Gross profit	538,501		396,754
Operating expenses:
Product development	194,986		154,350
Sales and marketing	194,535		133,713
General and administrative	129,495		101,598
Transaction and loan losses	108,883		27,841
Amortization of acquired customer assets	890		1,294
Total operating expenses	628,789		418,796
Operating loss	(90,288)		(22,042)

Interest expense, net	9,206		4,681
Other expense, net	5,862		11,299
Loss before income tax	(105,356)		(38,022)
Provision for income taxes	535		129
Net loss	$	(105,891)	$	(38,151)
Net loss per share:
Basic	$	(0.24)	$	(0.09)
Diluted	$	(0.24)	$	(0.09)
Weighted-average shares used to compute net loss per share
Basic	434,940		419,289
Diluted	434,940		419,289

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

SQUARE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Net loss	$	(105,891)	$	(38,151)
Net foreign currency translation adjustments	(8,388)		266
Net unrealized gain on revaluation of intercompany loans	—		75
Net unrealized gain on marketable debt securities	3,327		2,288
Total comprehensive loss	$	(110,952)	$	(35,522)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

SQUARE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

(In thousands)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(105,891)	$	(38,151)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	20,061		18,971
Non-cash interest and other	12,411		8,224
Loss on extinguishment of long-term debt	990		—
Share-based compensation	77,303		61,088

Loss on revaluation of equity investment	—		14,087
Non-cash lease expense	15,125		6,690
Recovery of common stock in connection with indemnification settlement agreement	—		(789)

Transaction and loan losses	108,883		27,841
Change in deferred income taxes	(984)		(754)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Settlements receivable	60,248		(1,027,472)
Customer funds	(210,201)		(109,439)
Purchase of loans held for sale	(573,502)		(507,755)
Sales and principal payments of loans held for sale	555,584		467,518
Customers payable	212,929		912,749
Settlements payable	(6,684)		211,984
Charge-offs to accrued transaction losses	(17,413)		(17,443)
Other assets and liabilities	(27,563)		5,095
Net cash provided by operating activities	121,296		32,444
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchase of marketable debt securities	(363,874)		(193,673)
Proceeds from maturities of marketable debt securities	98,146		111,505
Proceeds from sale of marketable debt securities	247,027		44,810
Purchase of marketable debt securities from customer funds	(144,494)		(34,613)
Proceeds from maturities of marketable debt securities from customer funds	65,000		33,000
Proceeds from sale of marketable debt securities from customer funds	22,457		—
Purchase of property and equipment	(26,137)		(18,168)
Payments for other investments	—		(2,000)
Business combinations, net of cash acquired	(12,742)		(11,248)
Net cash used in investing activities	(114,617)		(70,387)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of convertible senior notes, net	986,241		—
Purchase of convertible senior note hedges	(149,200)		—
Proceeds from issuance of warrants	99,500		—

Payments for tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units	(48,772)		(50,801)
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options, net	31,406		25,328
Other financing activities	(1,055)		(1,379)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	918,120		(26,852)
Effect of foreign exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents	(13,588)		1,277
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	911,211		(63,518)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period	1,098,706		632,847
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period	$	2,009,917	$	569,329

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

SQUARE, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY

(Unaudited)

(In thousands, except for number of shares)


		Class A and B common stock								Additional paid-in			Accumulated other comprehensive			Accumulated			Total stockholders’
		Shares		Amount			capital			loss			deficit			equity
Balance at December 31, 2019			432,796,720		$	—		$	2,223,749		$	1,629		$	(510,328)		$	1,715,050
	Net loss	—		—			—			—			(105,891)			(105,891)
Shares issued in connection with employee stock plans			5,222,525		—			31,406			—			—			31,406


Issuance of common stock in connection with business combination			357,017		—			14,999			—			—			14,999

Change in other comprehensive loss			—		—			—			(5,061)			—			(5,061)
Share-based compensation			—		—			79,562			—			—			79,562
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units			(722,606)		—			(48,772)			—			—			(48,772)
Conversion feature of convertible senior notes, due 2025, net of allocated costs			—		—			152,258			—			—			152,258
Purchase of bond hedges in conjunction with issuance of convertible senior notes, due 2025			—		—			(149,200)			—			—			(149,200)
Sale of warrants in conjunction with issuance of convertible senior notes, due 2025			—		—			99,500			—			—			99,500
Issuance of common stock in conjunction with the conversion of senior notes, due 2022			1,109,980		—			24,094			—			—			24,094

Balance at March 31, 2020			438,763,636		$	—		$	2,427,596		$	(3,432)		$	(616,219)		$	1,807,945


		Class A and B common stock								Additional paid-in			Accumulated other comprehensive			Accumulated			Total stockholders’
		Shares		Amount			capital			loss			deficit			equity
Balance at December 31, 2018			417,048,006		$	—		$	2,012,328		$	(6,053)		$	(885,774)		$	1,120,501
	Net loss	—		—			—			—			(38,151)			(38,151)
Shares issued in connection with employee stock plans			5,582,633		—			25,364			—			—			25,364


Change in other comprehensive loss			—		—			—			2,629			—			2,629
Share-based compensation			—		—			62,835			—			—			62,835
Tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units			(741,324)		—			(50,801)			—			—			(50,801)
Issuance of common stock in conjunction with the conversion of senior notes, due 2022			43		—			1			—			—			1
Exercise of bond hedges in conjunction with the conversion of senior notes, due 2022			(250,614)		—			—			—			—			—
Recovery of common stock in connection with indemnification settlement agreement			(14,798)					(789)			—			—			(789)
Balance at March 31, 2019			421,623,946		$	—		$	2,048,938		$	(3,424)		$	(923,925)		$	1,121,589

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

SQUARE, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

NOTE 1 - DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Business

Square, Inc. (together with its subsidiaries, Square or the Company) creates tools that empower businesses, sellers and individuals to participate in the economy. Square enables sellers to accept card payments and also provides reporting and analytics, and next-day settlement. Square’s point-of-sale software and other business services help sellers manage inventory, locations, and employees; access financing; engage buyers; build a website or online store; and grow sales. Cash App is an easy way to send, spend, and store money. Square was founded in 2009 and is headquartered in San Francisco, with offices in the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, Ireland, and the United Kingdom.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying interim condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company are unaudited. These interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) for interim financial information. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements. The December 31, 2019 condensed consolidated balance sheet was derived from the audited financial statements as of that date, but does not include all of the information and footnotes required by U.S. GAAP for complete financial statements.

The accompanying unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature considered necessary to state fairly the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations, comprehensive loss, and cash flows for the interim periods. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. The interim results for the three months ended March 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2020, or for any other future annual or interim period.

The information included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Use of Estimates  

The preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses, as well as related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Actual results could differ from the Company’s estimates. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, the Company’s financial condition or operating results will be materially affected. Generally, the Company's estimates and assumptions consider current and past experience, to the extent that historical experience is predictive of future performance.

Estimates, judgments, and assumptions in these consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, those related to revenue recognition, accrued transaction losses, credit loss allowances from marketable debt securities, contingencies, valuation of the debt component of convertible senior notes, valuation of loans held for sale, goodwill, acquired intangible assets, income and other taxes, operating and financing lease right-of-use assets and related liabilities, assessing the likelihood of adverse outcomes from claims and disputes, and share-based compensation.

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a global pandemic. The Company operates in geographic locations that have been impacted by COVID-19 and that are subject to various mandated public health ordinances, which have negatively impacted the business operations of the Company and its customers. As a consequence of the pandemic and related public health orders, the Company’s customers are now exposed to a variety of uncertainties that could negatively impact their ability to repay outstanding amounts, or even continue in business. As of the date of issuance of the financial statements, the Company has revised or updated the carrying values of its assets or liabilities based on estimates, judgments and circumstances we are aware of, particularly, the expected impact of COVID-19. Due to the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, the Company’s estimates of accrued transaction losses and valuation of loans held for sale were subject to greater uncertainty. The Company's estimates were based on historical experience, adjusted for market

data relevant to the current economic environment. Additionally, the Company incorporated market data for similar historical periods of recessionary economic conditions and uncertainty in developing such estimates and assumptions. The Company evaluates these estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis and will make adjustments as appropriate. In the three months ended March 31, 2020, the provision for transaction losses increased to $79.3 million, compared to $19.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 — See Note 10, Other Consolidated Balance Sheet Components (Current), for further details on transaction losses. In the three months ended March 31, 2020, the charge for the excess of amortized costs over the fair value of loans increased to $22.0 million, compared to $6.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019 — See Note 5, Fair Value of Financial Instruments, for further details on amortized cost over fair value of the loans. These estimates may change, as new events develop and additional information is obtained. Actual results could differ from these estimates, and such differences may be material to the Company's financial statements.

The extent of the impact of COVID-19 on the Company's operational and financial performance will depend on certain developments, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the outbreak, duration of local, state and federal issued public health orders, impact on our customers and our sales cycles, impact on our employees, and impact on regional and worldwide economies and financial markets in general, all of which are uncertain and cannot be predicted.

Concentration of Credit Risk

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, the Company had no customer that accounted for greater than 10% of total net revenue.

The Company had two third-party payment processors that represented approximately 45% and 28% of settlements receivable as of March 31, 2020. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had three parties that represented approximately 48%, 29%, and 9% of settlements receivable. All other third-party processors were insignificant.

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, marketable debt securities, settlements receivables, customer funds, and loans held for sale. The associated risk of concentration for cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash is mitigated by banking with creditworthy institutions. At certain times, amounts on deposit exceed federal deposit insurance limits. The associated risk of concentration for marketable debt securities is mitigated by holding a diversified portfolio of highly rated investments. Settlements receivable are amounts due from well-established payment processing companies and normally take one or two business days to settle which mitigates the associated risk of concentration. The associated risk of concentration for loans held for sale is partially mitigated by credit evaluations that are performed prior to facilitating the offering of loans and ongoing performance monitoring of the Company’s loan customers.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements  Recently adopted accounting pronouncements

In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments - Credit Losses, which requires the measurement and recognition of expected credit losses for financial assets held. It also eliminates the concept of other-than-temporary impairment and requires credit losses related to available for sale debt securities to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. This guidance is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2020 and has applied the guidance prospectively. The Company has concluded that the adoption of the guidance did not have a material impact on the balances reported in its consolidated financial statements and has included disclosures under the guidance.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The new guidance eliminates the requirement to calculate the implied fair value of goodwill assuming a hypothetical purchase price allocation (i.e., Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test) to measure a goodwill impairment charge. Instead, entities will record an impairment charge based on the excess of a reporting unit’s carrying amount over its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. This standard should be adopted when the Company performs its annual or any interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The amendments should be applied on a

prospective basis. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2020 and will apply the guidance during its annual goodwill impairment test for the year ending December 31, 2020. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In July 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-13, Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement, which will remove, modify, and add disclosure requirements for fair value measurements to improve the overall usefulness of such disclosures. This guidance is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted for any removed or modified disclosure requirements. Transition is on a prospective basis for the new and modified disclosures, and on a retrospective basis for disclosures that have been eliminated. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2020 and has applied the guidance prospectively, and included additional disclosures required by the new guidance relating to significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15, Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract, which is intended to align the requirements for capitalization of implementation costs incurred in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract with the existing guidance for internal-use software. This guidance is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The guidance provides flexibility in adoption, allowing for either retrospective adjustment or prospective adjustment for all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption. The Company adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2020 and has applied the guidance prospectively. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In April 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-04, Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments. The amendments clarify the scope of the credit losses standard and hedge accounting among other things. The Company adopted ASC 326 on January 1, 2020 for credit losses. With respect to hedge accounting, the amendments address partial-term fair value hedges and fair value hedge basis adjustments, among other things. This guidance is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted as long an entity has also adopted the amendments in ASU 2016-13. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. For entities which have already adopted ASU 2017-12, they are permitted to elect either retrospectively or prospectively adopt the amendments. The Company had previously adopted ASU 2017-12 on January 1, 2019 and therefore is eligible to and has prospectively adopted the amendments.

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes: Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, as part of its overall simplification initiative to reduce costs and complexity of applying accounting standards while maintaining or improving the usefulness of the information provided to users of financial statements. Among other things, the new guidance simplifies intraperiod tax allocation and reduces the complexity in accounting for income taxes with year-to-date losses in interim periods. The guidance is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company early adopted this guidance effective January 1, 2020 and has applied the guidance prospectively. The adoption did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

NOTE 2 - REVENUE

The following table presents the Company's revenue disaggregated by revenue source (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Revenue from Contracts with Customers:
Transaction-based revenue	$	758,101	$	656,762
Subscription and services-based revenue	255,883		190,307
Hardware revenue	20,675		18,212
Bitcoin revenue	306,098		65,528
Revenue from other sources:
Subscription and services-based revenue	$	40,352	$	28,550

The deferred revenue balances were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Deferred revenue, beginning of the period	$	44,331	$	36,451
Deferred revenue, end of the period	47,046		42,160

Revenue recognized in the period from amounts included in deferred revenue at the beginning of the period	$	15,570	$	12,306

NOTE 3 - INVESTMENTS IN DEBT SECURITIES

The Company's short-term and long-term investments as of March 31, 2020 are as follows (in thousands):


	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Short-term debt securities:
U.S. agency securities	$	173,424	$	912	$	(208)	$	174,128
Corporate bonds	75,440		50		(627)		74,863
Commercial paper	2,996		—		—		2,996
Municipal securities	8,837		44		(5)		8,876
U.S. government securities	238,012		1,722		(114)		239,620
Foreign securities	21,308		52		(3)		21,357
Total	$	520,017	$	2,780	$	(957)	$	521,840

Long-term debt securities:
U.S. agency securities	$	166,075	$	704	$	(466)	$	166,313
Corporate bonds	141,920		216		(2,161)		139,975
Municipal securities	8,464		32		(40)		8,456
U.S. government securities	177,308		2,648		(587)		179,369
Foreign securities	35,031		334		(18)		35,347
Total	$	528,798	$	3,934	$	(3,272)	$	529,460

The Company's short-term and long-term investments as of December 31, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):


	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Short-term debt securities:
U.S. agency securities	$	131,124	$	409	$	(11)	$	131,522
Corporate bonds	67,169		580		(28)		67,721

Municipal securities	6,667		109		—		6,776
U.S. government securities	264,069		1,083		(17)		265,135
Foreign securities	21,270		48		(16)		21,302
Total	$	490,299	$	2,229	$	(72)	$	492,456

Long-term debt securities:
U.S. agency securities	$	63,645	$	612	$	(189)	$	64,068
Corporate bonds	141,307		1,832		(61)		143,078
Municipal securities	9,594		151		(39)		9,706
U.S. government securities	294,682		1,287		(190)		295,779
Foreign securities	24,625		86		(39)		24,672
Total	$	533,853	$	3,968	$	(518)	$	537,303

The amortized cost of investments classified as cash equivalents approximated the fair value due to the short-term nature of the investments.

The Company's gross unrealized losses and fair values for those investments that were in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position are as follows (in thousands):


	March 31, 2020
	Less than 12 months						Greater than 12 months						Total
	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Short-term debt securities:
U.S. agency securities	$	26,172	$	(208)	$	—	$	—	$	26,172	$	(208)
Corporate bonds	61,012		(627)		—		—		61,012		(627)
Municipal securities	5,342		(5)		—		—		5,342		(5)
U.S. government securities	24,028		(114)		—		—		24,028		(114)
Foreign securities	4,209		(3)		—		—		4,209		(3)
Total	$	120,763	$	(957)	$	—	$	—	$	120,763	$	(957)

Long-term debt securities:
U.S. agency securities	$	23,037	$	(466)	$	—	$	—	$	23,037	$	(466)
Corporate bonds	106,455		(2,161)		—		—		106,455		(2,161)
Municipal securities	489		(40)		—		—		489		(40)
U.S. government securities	9,061		(587)		—		—		9,061		(587)
Foreign securities	2,003		(18)		—		—		2,003		(18)
Total	$	141,045	$	(3,272)	$	—	$	—	$	141,045	$	(3,272)


	December 31, 2019
	Less than 12 months						Greater than 12 months						Total
	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Short-term debt securities:
U.S. agency securities	$	23,896	$	(9)	$	4,996	$	(2)	$	28,892	$	(11)
Corporate bonds	5,507		(27)		2,502		(1)		8,009		(28)
U.S. government securities	21,481		(8)		14,984		(9)		36,465		(17)
Foreign securities	13,499		(16)		—		—		13,499		(16)
Total	$	64,383	$	(60)	$	22,482	$	(12)	$	86,865	$	(72)

Long-term debt securities:
U.S. agency securities	$	16,740	$	(189)	$	—	$	—	$	16,740	$	(189)
Corporate bonds	16,708		(61)		—		—		16,708		(61)
Municipal securities	1,005		(39)		—		—		1,005		(39)
U.S. government securities	42,210		(162)		—		(28)		42,210		(190)
Foreign securities	16,383		(39)		—		—		16,383		(39)
Total	$	93,046	$	(490)	$	—	$	(28)	$	93,046	$	(518)

The unrealized losses above were as a consequence of interest rate changes. The U.S. government and U.S. agency securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government and are highly rated by major rating agencies. The corporate bonds are issued by highly rated entities. The non-US government securities are issued by highly rated international entities. The Company has the ability and intent to hold these investments with unrealized losses for a reasonable period of time sufficient for the recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be at maturity. The Company determines any realized gains or losses on the sale of marketable debt securities on a specific identification method, and records such gains and losses as a component of other expense, net.

The Company does not have any available for sale debt securities for which the Company has recorded credit related losses.

The contractual maturities of the Company's short-term and long-term investments as of March 31, 2020 are as follows (in thousands):


	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	520,017	$	521,840
Due in one to five years	528,798		529,460
Total	$	1,048,815	$	1,051,300

NOTE 4 - CUSTOMER FUNDS

The following table presents the assets underlying customer funds (in thousands):


	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Cash	$	132,908	$	422,459
Cash Equivalents:
Money market funds	505,553		233
U.S. agency securities	9,999		8,585
U.S. government securities	—		6,984
Short-term debt securities:
U.S. agency securities	118,835		—
U.S. government securities	177,516		238,031
Total	$	944,811	$	676,292

The Company's investments within customer funds as of March 31, 2020 are as follows (in thousands):


	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Short-term debt securities:
U.S. agency securities	$	118,750	$	100	$	(15)	$	118,835
U.S. government securities	176,750		821		(55)		177,516
Total	$	295,500	$	921	$	(70)	$	296,351

The Company's investments within customer funds as of December 31, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):


	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value
Short-term debt securities:

U.S. government securities	$	237,909	$	144	$	(22)	$	238,031
Total	$	237,909	$	144	$	(22)	$	238,031

The amortized cost of investments classified as cash equivalents approximated the fair value due to the short-term nature of the investments.

The gross unrealized losses and fair values for those investments that were in an unrealized loss position as of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position are as follows (in thousands):


	March 31, 2020
	Less than 12 months						Greater than 12 months						Total
	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Short-term debt securities:
U.S. agency securities	$	39,934	$	(15)	$	—	$	—	$	39,934	$	(15)
U.S. government securities	3,999		(55)		—		—		3,999		(55)
Total	$	43,933	$	(70)	$	—	$	—	$	43,933	$	(70)


	December 31, 2019
	Less than 12 months						Greater than 12 months						Total
	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Short-term debt securities:
U.S. government securities	$	56,984	$	(22)	$	—	$	—	$	56,984	$	(22)
Total	$	56,984	$	(22)	$	—	$	—	$	56,984	$	(22)

The unrealized losses above were caused by interest rate changes. The U.S. government securities are either explicitly or implicitly guaranteed by the U.S. government and are highly rated by major rating agencies. The Company has the ability and intent to hold these investments with unrealized losses for a reasonable period of time sufficient for the recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be at maturity. The Company determines any realized gains or losses on the sale of marketable debt securities on a specific identification method, and records such gains and losses as a component of other expense, net.

The Company does not have any available for sale debt securities for which the Company has recorded credit related losses.

The contractual maturities of the Company's investments within customer funds as of March 31, 2020 are as follows (in thousands):


	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Due in one year or less	$	295,500	$	296,351
Due in one to five years	—		—
Total	$	295,500	$	296,351

NOTE 5 - FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company measures its cash equivalents, customer funds, short-term and long-term marketable debt securities, and marketable equity investments at fair value. The Company classifies these investments within Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy because the Company values these investments using quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs.

The Company’s financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis are classified as follows (in thousands):


	March 31, 2020										December 31, 2019
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Cash Equivalents:
Money market funds	$	696,587	$	—	$	—	$	213,576	$	—	$	—
U.S. agency securities	—		14,999		—		—		19,976		—
Commercial paper	—		12,999		—		—		—		—

Time deposits	100,296		—		—		—		—		—
U.S. government securities	5,637		—		—		46,914		—		—

Foreign securities	—		5,000		—		—		—		—
Customer funds:
Money market funds	505,553		—		—		233		—		—
U.S. agency securities	—		128,834		—		—		8,585		—
U.S. government securities	177,516		—		—		245,015		—		—
Short-term debt securities:
U.S. agency securities	—		174,128		—		—		131,522		—
Corporate bonds	—		74,863		—		—		67,721		—
Commercial paper	—		2,996		—		—		—		—
Municipal securities	—		8,876		—		—		6,776		—
U.S. government securities	239,620		—		—		265,135		—		—
Foreign securities	—		21,357		—		—		21,302		—
Long-term debt securities:
U.S. agency securities	—		166,313		—		—		64,068		—
Corporate bonds	—		139,975		—		—		143,078		—
Municipal securities	—		8,456		—		—		9,706		—
U.S. government securities	179,369		—		—		295,779		—		—
Foreign securities	—		35,347		—		—		24,672		—


Total	$	1,904,578	$	794,143	$	—	$	1,066,652	$	497,406	$	—

The carrying amounts of certain financial instruments, including settlements receivable, accounts payable, customers payable, accrued expenses and settlements payable, approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature.

The Company estimates the fair value of its convertible senior notes based on their last actively traded prices (Level 1) or market observable inputs (Level 2). The estimated fair value and carrying value of the convertible senior notes were as follows (in thousands):


	March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Carrying Value		Fair Value (Level 2)		Carrying Value		Fair Value (Level 2)
2025 Notes	$	835,130	$	866,330	$	—	$	—
2023 Notes	756,298		890,143		748,564		962,516
2022 Notes	169,419		427,335		190,268		578,817
Total	$	1,760,847	$	2,183,808	$	938,832	$	1,541,333

The estimated fair value and carrying value of loans held for sale is as follows (in thousands):


	March 31, 2020						December 31, 2019
	Carrying Value		Fair Value (Level 3)		Carrying Value		Fair Value (Level 3)
Loans held for sale	$	160,709	$	165,572	$	164,834	$	173,360
Total	$	160,709	$	165,572	$	164,834	$	173,360

For the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company recorded a charge for the excess of amortized cost over fair value of the loans of $22.0 million and $6.7 million, respectively. To determine the fair value of the loans held for sale, the Company utilizes industry-standard valuation modeling, such as discounted cash flow models, taking into account the estimated timing and amounts of periodic repayments. In estimating the expected timing and amounts of the future periodic repayments for the loans outstanding as of March 31, 2020, the Company considered other relevant market data in developing such estimates and assumptions, including the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, as well as the conditions and uncertainty experienced during similar historical periods of recessionary economic conditions.

If applicable, the Company will recognize transfers into and out of levels within the fair value hierarchy at the end of the reporting period in which the actual event or change in circumstance occurs. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company did not have any transfers in or out of Level 1, Level 2, or Level 3 assets or liabilities.

NOTE 6 - PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET

The following is a summary of property and equipment, less accumulated depreciation and amortization (in thousands):


	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Leasehold improvements	$	116,407	$	111,942
Computer equipment	111,010		106,469
Capitalized software	89,218		81,984
Office furniture and equipment	27,846		27,328

Total	344,481		327,723
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(193,822)		(178,529)
Property and equipment, net	$	150,659	$	149,194

Depreciation and amortization expense on property and equipment was $15.9 million and $15.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

NOTE 7 - ACQUISITIONS

In the quarter ended March 31, 2020, the Company acquired 100% of the outstanding shares of a technology company for $36.6 million comprised of $21.6 million in cash and $15.0 million in common stock. Of the total purchase consideration, $22.2 million was allocated to goodwill which was primarily attributable to the value of expected synergies created by incorporating the acquired technology into the Company's technology platform and the value of the assembled workforce, while $17.0 million was allocated to intangible assets. None of the goodwill generated from the acquisition or the acquired intangible assets are expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

NOTE 8 - GOODWILL

Goodwill is recorded when the consideration paid for an acquisition of a business exceeds the fair value of identifiable net tangible and intangible assets acquired.

The change in carrying value of goodwill in the period was as follows (in thousands):


Balance at December 31, 2019	$	266,345
Acquisitions	22,188

Balance at March 31, 2020	$	288,533

The Company performs an annual goodwill impairment test on December 31 and more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company performed a goodwill impairment assessment as of March 31, 2020 and concluded that no impairment charges were required. The Company recorded no impairment charges for the periods presented.

NOTE 9 - ACQUIRED INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The following table presents the detail of acquired intangible assets as of the periods presented (in thousands):


	Balance at March 31, 2020
		Estimated Useful Life			Cost			Accumulated Amortization			Net
Technology assets	5 years		$	70,081		$	(34,193)		$	35,888
Customer assets	12 years		44,000			(7,824)			36,176
Trade name	4 years		12,128			(5,248)			6,880
Other			5,299			(2,307)			2,992
Total			$	131,508		$	(49,572)		$	81,936


	Balance at December 31, 2019
		Estimated Useful Life			Cost			Accumulated Amortization			Net
Technology assets	5 years		$	53,900		$	(31,873)		$	22,027
Customer assets	12 years		44,000			(6,934)			37,066
Trade name	4 years		11,300			(4,473)			6,827
Other			5,299			(2,140)			3,159
Total			$	114,499		$	(45,420)		$	69,079

All intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company performed an impairment assessment of its intangible assets as of March 31, 2020, and concluded that no impairment charges were required.

The changes to the carrying value of intangible assets were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Acquired intangible assets, net, beginning of the period	$	69,079	$	77,102
Acquisitions	17,009		6,082
Amortization expense	(4,152)		(3,487)
Acquired intangible assets, net, end of the period	$	81,936	$	79,697

The estimated future amortization expense of intangible assets in future periods as of March 31, 2020 is as follows (in thousands):


Remainder of 2020	$	11,994
2021	15,479
2022	13,405
2023	12,153
2024	9,176
Thereafter	19,729
Total	$	81,936

NOTE 10 - OTHER CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS (CURRENT)

Other Current Assets

The following table presents the detail of other current assets (in thousands):


	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Inventory, net	$	54,719	$	47,683
Restricted cash	34,315		38,873
Processing costs receivable	84,045		67,281
Prepaid expenses	31,433		22,758
Accounts receivable, net	31,515		33,863

Other	42,643		39,951
Total	$	278,670	$	250,409

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

The following table presents the detail of accrued expenses and other current liabilities (in thousands):


	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Accrued expenses	$	126,911	$	128,387
Accrued transaction losses (i)	96,661		34,771
Accounts payable	29,831		42,116
Deferred revenue, current	40,392		38,104
Square Payroll payable (ii)	29,618		27,969
Other	69,321		26,494
Total	$	392,734	$	297,841

⁽ⁱ⁾The Company is exposed to potential credit losses related to transactions processed by sellers that are subsequently subject to chargebacks when the Company is unable to collect from the sellers primarily due to insolvency. Generally, the Company estimates the potential loss rates based on historical experience that is continuously adjusted for new information and incorporates, where applicable, reasonable and supportable forecasts about future expectations. In estimating the accrued transaction losses as of March 31, 2020, the Company has revised its estimates to reflect expected increased chargebacks from non-delivery of goods and services as well as increased failure rates of its sellers due to the COVID-19 outbreak. Additionally, the Company has also incorporated market related data to credit losses for similar historical periods of recessionary economic conditions and uncertainty in developing such estimates and assumptions. Given that substantially all the chargebacks are reported within a short time period after the transaction is processed, a reversion method was not considered to be necessary.

The following table summarizes the activities of the Company’s reserve for transaction losses (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Accrued transaction losses, beginning of the period	$	34,771	$	33,682
Provision for transaction losses	79,303		19,808
Charge-offs to accrued transaction losses	(17,413)		(17,443)
Accrued transaction losses, end of the period	$	96,661	$	36,047

⁽ⁱⁱ⁾Square Payroll payable represents amounts received from Square Payroll product customers that will be utilized to settle the customers' employee payroll and related obligations.

NOTE 11 - OTHER CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET COMPONENTS (NON-CURRENT)

Other Non-Current Assets

The following table presents the detail of other non-current assets (in thousands):


	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Investment in non-marketable equity securities	$	110,000	$	110,000

Non-current lease prepayments (i)	—		45,738
Restricted cash	13,286		12,715
Other	26,566		27,935
Total	$	149,852	$	196,388

⁽ⁱ⁾ The non-current lease prepayments as of December 31, 2019, have been reclassified to the operating lease right-of-use assets upon lease commencement during the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

Other Non-Current Liabilities

The following table presents the detail of other non-current liabilities (in thousands):


	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Statutory liabilities (i)	$	56,371	$	54,762
Deferred revenue, non-current	6,654		6,227

Other	17,836		33,472
Total	$	80,861	$	94,461

⁽ⁱ⁾Statutory liabilities represent loss contingencies that may arise from the Company's interpretation and application of certain guidelines and rules issued by various federal, state, local, and foreign regulatory authorities.

NOTE 12 - INDEBTEDNESS

Revolving Credit Facility

In November 2015, the Company entered into a revolving credit agreement with certain lenders, which provided for a $375.0 million revolving credit facility maturing in November 2020 (the "2015 Credit Facility"). In May 2020, the Company entered into a new revolving credit agreement with certain lenders, which extinguished the 2015 Credit Facility and provides a $500.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the "2020 Credit Facility") maturing in May 2023. To date, no funds have been drawn and no letters of credit have been issued under the 2020 Credit Facility.

Loans under the 2015 Credit Facility bear interest at the Company’s option of (i) a base rate based on the highest of the prime rate, the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, and an adjusted LIBOR rate for a one-month interest period, in each case plus a margin ranging from 0.00% to 1.00%, or (ii) an adjusted LIBOR rate plus a margin ranging from 1.00% to 2.00%. This margin is determined based on the Company’s total net leverage ratio, as defined in the agreement, for the preceding four fiscal quarters. The Company is obligated to pay other customary fees for a credit facility of this size and type including an annual administrative agent fee of $0.1 million and an unused commitment fee of 0.15%. To date no funds have been drawn under the 2015 Credit Facility. The Company incurred $0.1 million in unused commitment fees for both the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, respectively. As of March 31, 2020, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants associated with the 2015 Credit Facility.

Loans under the 2020 Credit Facility bear interest at the Company's option of (i) a base rate based on the highest of the prime rate, the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, and the adjusted LIBOR rate plus 1.00%, in each case, plus a margin ranging from 0.25% to 0.75% or (ii) an adjusted LIBOR rate plus a margin ranging from 1.25% to 1.75%. The margin is determined based on the Company’s total net leverage ratio, as defined in the agreement. The Company is obligated to pay other customary fees for a credit facility of this size and type including an unused commitment fee of 0.15%.

Convertible Senior Notes due in 2025

On March 5, 2020, the Company issued an aggregate principal amount of $1.0 billion of convertible senior notes (2025 Notes). The 2025 Notes mature on March 1, 2025, unless earlier converted or repurchased, and bear interest at a rate of 0.1250% payable semi-annually on March 1 and September 1 of each year. The 2025 Notes are convertible at an initial conversion rate of 8.2641 shares of the Company's Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2025 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $121.01 per share of Class A common stock. Holders may convert their 2025 Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding December 1, 2024 only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter, commencing after the calendar quarter ending on June 30, 2020 (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s Class A common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the measurement period) in which the trading price (as defined in the indenture governing the 2025 Notes) per $1,000 principal amount of 2025 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s Class A common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; (3) if the Company calls any or all of the 2025 Notes for redemption, such 2025 Notes called for redemption may be converted at any time prior to the close of business on the scheduled trading day immediately preceding the redemption date; or (4) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events, including certain distributions, the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the indenture governing the 2025 Notes) or a transaction resulting in the Company’s Class A common stock converting into other securities or property or assets. In addition, upon occurrence of the specified corporate events prior to the maturity date, the Company would increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert their notes in connection with such an event in certain circumstances. On or after December 1, 2024, up until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, a holder may convert all or any portion of its 2025 Notes regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of its Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of its Class A common stock, at the Company’s election. The circumstances required to allow the holders to convert their 2025 Notes were not met during the three months ended March 31, 2020. The Company may redeem for cash all or any part of the 2025 notes, at its option, on or after March 5, 2023, if the last reported sale price of the Company's Class A common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price for the 2025 notes then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which the Company provides notice of redemption at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the 2025 notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date.

In accounting for the issuance of the 2025 Notes, the Company separated the 2025 Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar debt instrument that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was $154.6 million and was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the 2025 Notes. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its carrying amount ("debt discount") is amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2025 Notes at an effective interest rate of 3.81% over the contractual terms of the 2025 Notes.

Debt issuance costs related to the 2025 Notes were comprised of discounts and commissions payable to the initial purchasers of $14.3 million and third party offering costs of $0.9 million. The Company allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components of the 2025 Notes based on their relative values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component were $12.8 million and will be amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the contractual term. Issuance costs attributable to the equity component were netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity.

As of March 31, 2020, the if-converted value of the 2025 Notes did not exceed the outstanding principal amount.

Convertible Senior Notes due in 2023

On May 25, 2018, the Company issued an aggregate principal amount of $862.5 million of convertible senior notes (2023 Notes). The 2023 Notes mature on May 15, 2023, unless earlier converted or repurchased, and bear interest at a rate of 0.50% payable semi-annually on May 15 and November 15 of each year. The 2023 Notes are convertible at an initial conversion rate of 12.8456 shares of the Company's Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2023 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $77.85 per share of Class A common stock. Holders may convert their 2023 Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding February 15, 2023 only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s Class A common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the measurement period) in which the trading price (as defined in the indenture governing the 2023 Notes) per $1,000 principal amount of 2023 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s Class A common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; or (3) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events, including certain distributions, the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the indenture governing the 2023 Notes) or a transaction resulting in the Company’s Class A common stock converting into other securities or property or assets. In addition, following specified corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date, the Company will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert their notes in connection with such an event. On or after February 15, 2023, up until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, a holder may convert all or any portion of its 2023 Notes regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of its Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of its Class A common stock, at the Company’s election. The Company's current policy is to settle conversions entirely in shares of the Company's Class A common stock. The Company will reevaluate this policy from time to time as conversion notices are received from holders of the 2023 Notes. The circumstances required to allow the holders to convert their 2023 Notes were not met during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

In accounting for the issuance of the 2023 Notes, the Company separated the 2023 Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar debt instrument that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was $155.3 million and was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the 2023 Notes. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. The excess of the principal amount of the liability component over its carrying amount ("debt discount") is amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2023 Notes at an effective interest rate of 4.69% over the contractual terms of the 2023 Notes.

Debt issuance costs related to the 2023 Notes were comprised of discounts and commissions payable to the initial purchasers of $6.0 million and third party offering costs of $0.8 million. The Company allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components of the 2023 Notes based on their relative values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component were $5.6 million and will be amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the contractual term. Issuance costs attributable to the equity component were netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity.

As of March 31, 2020, the if-converted value of the 2023 Notes did not exceed the outstanding principal amount.

Convertible Senior Notes due in 2022

On March 6, 2017, the Company issued an aggregate principal amount of $440.0 million of convertible senior notes (2022 Notes). The 2022 Notes mature on March 1, 2022, unless earlier converted or repurchased, and bear interest at a rate of 0.375% payable semi-annually on March 1 and September 1 of each year. The 2022 Notes are convertible at an initial conversion rate of 43.5749 shares of the Company's Class A common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2022 Notes, which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $22.95 per share of Class A common stock. Holders may convert their 2022 Notes at any time prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding December 1, 2021 only under the following circumstances: (1) during any calendar quarter (and only during such calendar quarter), if the last reported sale price of the Company’s Class A common stock for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during a period of 30 consecutive trading days ending on the last trading day of the immediately preceding calendar quarter is greater than or equal to 130% of the conversion price on each applicable trading day; (2) during the five business day period after any five consecutive trading day period (the measurement period) in which the trading price (as defined in the indenture governing the 2022 Notes) per $1,000 principal amount of 2022 Notes for each trading day of the measurement period was less than 98% of the product of the last reported sale price of the Company’s Class A common stock and the conversion rate on each such trading day; or (3) upon the occurrence of specified corporate events, including certain distributions, the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the indenture governing the 2022 Notes) or a transaction resulting in the Company’s Class A common stock converting into other securities or property or assets. In addition, upon occurrence of the specified corporate events prior to the maturity date, the Company would increase the conversion rate for a holder who elects to convert their notes in connection with such an event in certain circumstances. On or after December 1, 2021, up until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, a holder may convert all or any portion of its 2022 Notes regardless of the foregoing circumstances. Upon conversion, the Company will pay or deliver, as the case may be, cash, shares of its Class A common stock, or a combination of cash and shares of its Class A common stock, at the Company’s election. The circumstances required to allow the holders to convert their 2022 Notes were met starting January 1, 2018 and continued to be met through March 31, 2020. As of March 31, 2020, certain holders of the 2022 Notes have converted an aggregate principal amount of $253.7 million of their Notes, of which $25.5 million was converted during the quarter ended March 31, 2020. The Company has settled the conversions through a combination of $219.4 million in cash and issuance of 8.4 million shares of the Company's Class A common stock. The conversions during the quarter ended March 31, 2020 were settled entirely in shares of the Company's Class A common stock. The Company currently expects to settle future conversions entirely in shares of the Company's Class A common stock. The Company will reevaluate this policy from time to time as conversion notices are received from holders of the 2022 Notes.

In accounting for the issuance of the 2022 Notes, the Company separated the 2022 Notes into liability and equity components. The carrying amount of the liability component was calculated by measuring the fair value of a similar debt instrument that does not have an associated convertible feature. The carrying amount of the equity component representing the conversion option was $86.2 million and was determined by deducting the fair value of the liability component from the par value of the 2022 Notes. The equity component is not remeasured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. The debt discount is amortized to interest expense over the term of the 2022 Notes at an effective interest rate of 5.34% over the contractual terms of the 2022 Notes.

Debt issuance costs related to the 2022 Notes were comprised of discounts and commissions payable to the initial purchasers of $11.0 million and third party offering costs of $0.8 million. The Company allocated the total amount incurred to the liability and equity components of the 2022 Notes based on their relative values. Issuance costs attributable to the liability component were $9.4 million and will be amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the contractual term. Issuance costs attributable to the equity component were netted with the equity component in stockholders’ equity.

The debt component associated with the 2022 Notes that were converted was accounted for as an extinguishment of debt, with the Company recording loss on extinguishment of $6.0 million, of which $1.0 million was recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2020, as the difference between the estimated fair value and the carrying value of such 2022 Notes. The equity component associated with the 2022 Notes that were converted was accounted for as a reacquisition of equity upon the conversion of such 2022 Notes.

As of March 31, 2020, the if-converted value of the 2022 Notes exceeded the outstanding principal amount by $238.9 million.

The net carrying amount of the Notes were as follows (in thousands):


	Principal outstanding		Unamortized debt discount		Unamortized debt issuance costs		Net carrying value
March 31, 2020
2025 Notes	$	1,000,000	$	(151,680)	$	(13,190)	$	835,130
2023 Notes	862,500		(103,016)		(3,186)		756,298
2022 Notes	186,251		(15,149)		(1,683)		169,419
Total	$	2,048,751	$	(269,845)	$	(18,059)	$	1,760,847

December 31, 2019
2023 Notes	$	862,500	$	(110,518)	$	(3,418)	$	748,564
2022 Notes	211,726		(19,312)		(2,146)		190,268
Total	$	1,074,226	$	(129,830)	$	(5,564)	$	938,832

The net carrying amount of the equity component of the Notes were as follows (in thousands):


	Amount allocated to conversion option		Less: allocated issuance costs		Equity component, net
March 31, 2020
2025 Notes	$	154,600	$	(2,342)	$	152,258
2023 Notes	155,250		(1,231)		154,019
2022 Notes	36,490		(974)		35,516
Total	$	346,340	$	(4,547)	$	341,793

December 31, 2019
2023 Notes	$	155,250	$	(1,231)	$	154,019
2022 Notes	41,481		(1,108)		40,373
Total	$	196,731	$	(2,339)	$	194,392

The Company recognized interest expense on the Notes as follows (in thousands, except for percentages):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Contractual interest expense	$	1,373	$	1,277
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs	12,528		9,608
Total	$	13,901	$	10,885

The effective interest rate of the liability component is 3.81%, 4.69%, and 5.34% for the 2025 Notes, 2023 Notes, and 2022 Notes, respectively.

Convertible Note Hedge and Warrant Transactions

In connection with the offering of the 2025 Notes, the Company entered into convertible note hedge transactions (2025 convertible note hedges) with certain financial institution counterparties (2020 Counterparties) whereby the Company has the option to purchase a total of approximately 8.26 million shares of its Class A common stock at a price of approximately $121.01 per share. The total cost of the 2025 convertible note hedge transactions was $149.2 million. In addition, the Company sold warrants (2025 warrants) to the 2020 Counterparties whereby the 2020 Counterparties have the option to purchase a total of 8.26 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at a price of approximately $161.34 per share. The Company received $99.5 million in cash proceeds from the sale of the 2025 warrants. Taken together, the purchase of the 2025 convertible note hedges and sale of the 2025 warrants are intended to reduce dilution from the conversion of the 2025 Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of the converted 2025 Notes, as the case may be, and to effectively increase the overall conversion price from approximately $121.01 per share to approximately $161.34 per share. As these instruments are considered indexed to the Company's own stock and are considered equity classified, the 2025 convertible note hedges and 2025 warrants are recorded in stockholders’ equity, are not accounted for as derivatives and are not remeasured each reporting period. The net costs incurred in connection with the 2025 convertible note hedge and 2025 warrant transactions were recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

In connection with the offering of the 2023 Notes, the Company entered into convertible note hedge transactions (2023 convertible note hedges) with certain financial institution counterparties (2018 Counterparties) whereby the Company has the option to purchase a total of approximately 11.1 million shares of its Class A common stock at a price of approximately $77.85 per share. The total cost of the 2023 convertible note hedge transactions was $172.6 million. In addition, the Company sold warrants (2023 warrants) to the 2018 Counterparties whereby the 2018 Counterparties have the option to purchase a total of 11.1 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at a price of approximately $109.26 per share. The Company received $112.1 million in cash proceeds from the sale of the 2023 warrants. Taken together, the purchase of the 2023 convertible note hedges and sale of the 2023 warrants are intended to reduce dilution from the conversion of the 2023 Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of the converted 2023 Notes, as the case may be, and to effectively increase the overall conversion price from approximately $77.85 per share to approximately $109.26 per share. As these instruments are considered indexed to the Company's own stock and are considered equity classified, the 2023 convertible note hedges and 2023 warrants are recorded in stockholders’ equity, are not accounted for as derivatives and are not remeasured each reporting period. The net costs incurred in connection with the 2023 convertible note hedge and 2023 warrant transactions were recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

In connection with the offering of the 2022 Notes, the Company entered into convertible note hedge transactions (2022 convertible note hedges) with certain financial institution counterparties (2017 Counterparties) whereby the Company has the option to purchase a total of approximately 19.2 million shares of its Class A common stock at a price of approximately $22.95 per share. The total cost of the 2022 convertible note hedge transactions was $92.1 million. In addition, the Company sold warrants (2022 warrants) to the 2017 Counterparties whereby the 2017 Counterparties have the option to purchase a total of 19.2 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at a price of approximately $31.18 per share. The Company received $57.2 million in cash proceeds from the sale of the 2022 warrants. Taken together, the purchase of the 2022 convertible note hedges and sale of the 2022 warrants are intended to reduce dilution from the conversion of the 2022 Notes and/or offset any cash payments the Company is required to make in excess of the principal amount of the converted 2022 Notes, as the case may be, and to effectively increase the overall conversion price from approximately $22.95 per share to approximately $31.18 per share. As these instruments are considered indexed to the Company's own stock and are considered equity classified, the 2022 convertible note hedges and 2022 warrants are recorded in stockholders’ equity, are not accounted for as derivatives and are not remeasured each reporting period. The net costs incurred in connection with the 2022 convertible note hedge and 2022 warrant transactions were recorded as a reduction to additional paid-in capital on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The Company exercised a pro-rata portion of the 2022 convertible note hedges to offset the shares of the Company's Class A common stock issued to settle the conversion of the 2022 Notes discussed above. The 2022 convertible note hedges were net share settled, and the Company received 7.2 million shares of the Company's Class A common stock from the 2017 Counterparties as of March 31, 2020.

NOTE 13 - INCOME TAXES

The Company recorded an income tax expense of $0.5 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to an income tax expense of $0.1 million for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The income tax expense recorded for the three months ended March 31, 2020 is primarily due to income taxes from profitable foreign jurisdictions.

The Company’s effective tax rate is (0.5)% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 compared to an effective tax rate of (0.3)% for the three months ended March 31, 2019. The difference between the effective tax rate and the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21% for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019 primarily relates to changes in the valuation allowance for tax losses in the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions for which no benefit can be taken.

The Company’s effective tax rate may be subject to fluctuation during the year as new information is obtained, which may affect the assumptions used to estimate the annual effective tax rate, including factors such as the mix of forecasted pre-tax earnings in the various jurisdictions in which the Company operates, valuation allowances against deferred tax assets, the recognition and de-recognition of tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions, and changes in or the interpretation of tax laws in jurisdictions where the Company conducts business.

As of March 31, 2020, the Company retains a full valuation allowance on its deferred tax assets in the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions. The realization of the Company’s deferred tax assets depends primarily on its ability to generate taxable income in future periods. The amount of deferred tax assets considered realizable in future periods may change as management continues to reassess the underlying factors it uses in estimating future taxable income.

The tax provision for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, is calculated on a jurisdictional basis. The Company estimated the foreign income tax provision using the effective income tax rate expected to be applicable for the full year.

The Company also considered recent tax law changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, including the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act that was enacted in the U.S. on March 27, 2020. The tax benefits and other changes provided under the CARES Act do not materially impact the Company’s income tax provision, and does not change the Company’s evaluation of the need for a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets in the U.S. or expectations on the permanent reinvestment of undistributed earnings for certain foreign subsidiaries.

NOTE 14 - STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Common Stock

The Company has authorized the issuance of Class A common stock and Class B common stock. Holders of shares of Class A common stock are entitled to one vote per share, while holders of shares of Class B common stock are entitled to ten votes per share. Shares of the Company's Class B common stock are convertible into an equivalent number of shares of its Class A common stock and generally convert into shares of its Class A common stock upon transfer. The holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock have no preemptive or other subscription rights and there are no redemption or sinking fund provisions with respect to such shares. Class A common stock and Class B common stock are referred to as "common stock" throughout these Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, unless otherwise noted. As of March 31, 2020, the Company was authorized to issue 1,000,000,000 shares of Class A common stock and 500,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, each with a par value of $0.0000001 per share. As of March 31, 2020, there were 359,142,301 shares of Class A common stock and 79,621,335 shares of Class B common stock outstanding. Options and awards granted following the Company's initial public offering are related to underlying Class A common stock.

Warrants

In conjunction with the 2025 Notes offering, the Company sold the 2025 warrants whereby the 2020 Counterparties have the option to purchase a total of approximately 8.26 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at a price of $161.34 per share. None of the 2025 warrants were exercised as of March 31, 2020 and expire on June 1, 2025.

In conjunction with the 2023 Notes offering, the Company sold the 2023 warrants whereby the 2018 Counterparties have the option to purchase a total of approximately 11.1 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at a price of $109.26 per share. None of the 2023 warrants were exercised as of March 31, 2020 and expire on August 15, 2023.

In conjunction with the 2022 Notes offering, the Company sold the 2022 warrants whereby the 2017 Counterparties have the option to purchase a total of approximately 19.2 million shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at a price of $31.18 per share. None of the 2022 warrants were exercised as of March 31, 2020 and expire on June 1, 2022.

Conversion of 2022 Notes

In connection with the conversion of certain of the 2022 Notes, the Company issued 1.1 million shares of Class A common stock in the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Stock Plans

The Company maintains two share-based employee compensation plans: the 2009 Stock Plan (2009 Plan) and the 2015 Equity Incentive Plan (2015 Plan). The 2015 Plan serves as the successor to the 2009 Plan. The 2015 Plan became effective as of November 17, 2015. Outstanding awards under the 2009 Plan continue to be subject to the terms and conditions of the 2009 Plan. Since November 17, 2015, no additional awards have been nor will be granted in the future under the 2009 Plan.

Under the 2015 Plan, shares of the Company's Class A common stock are reserved for the issuance of incentive and nonstatutory stock options (ISOs and NSOs, respectively), restricted stock awards (RSAs), restricted stock units (RSUs), performance shares, and stock bonuses to qualified employees, directors, and consultants. The awards must be granted at a price per share not less than the fair market value at the date of grant. Initially, 30,000,000 shares were reserved under the 2015 Plan and any shares subject to options or other similar awards granted under the 2009 Plan that expire, are forfeited, are repurchased by the Company or otherwise terminate unexercised, will become available under the 2015 Plan. The number of shares available for issuance under the 2015 Plan will be increased on the first day of each fiscal year, in an amount equal to the least of (i) 40,000,000 shares, (ii) 5% of the outstanding shares on the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year, or (iii) such number of shares determined by the administrator of the Plan. The administrator consists of the Board of Directors who then assigns the responsibilities to the Compensation Committee. As of March 31, 2020, the total number of shares subject to stock options, RSAs and RSUs outstanding under the 2015 Plan was 17,632,872, and 105,944,646 shares were available for future issuance. As of March 31, 2020, the total number of shares subject to stock options, RSAs and RSUs outstanding under the 2009 Plan was 15,171,723.

A summary of stock option activity for the three months ended March 31, 2020 is as follows (in thousands, except share and per share data):


	Number of Stock Options Outstanding	Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (in years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value
Balance at December 31, 2019	23,619,804	$	12.66	4.89	$	1,191,746

Exercised	(3,396,568)	9.09
Forfeited	(20,135)	71.99
Balance at March 31, 2020	20,203,101	$	10.25	4.88	$	811,454



Options exercisable as of March 31, 2020	18,862,499	$	10.25	4.40	$	799,553

Restricted Stock Activity

Activity related to RSAs and RSUs during the three months ended March 31, 2020 is set forth below:


	Number of shares	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested as of December 31, 2019	13,917,461	$	49.90
Granted	863,415	69.78
Vested	(1,829,201)	35.56
Forfeited	(350,181)	46.05
Unvested as of March 31, 2020	12,601,494	$	53.43

Share-Based Compensation

The fair value of stock options and employee stock purchase plan rights are estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes-Merton option valuation model. The fair value of RSAs and RSUs is determined by the closing price of the Company’s common stock on each grant date.

The following table summarizes the effects of share-based compensation on the Company's condensed consolidated statements of operations (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Cost of revenue	$	76	$	21
Product development	57,400		42,649
Sales and marketing	6,407		6,202
General and administrative	13,420		12,216
Total	$	77,303	$	61,088

The Company recorded $4.7 million and $4.3 million of share-based compensation expense related to the Company's 2015 Employee Stock Purchase Plan during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, which are included in the table above.

The Company capitalized $2.3 million and $1.7 million of share-based compensation expense related to capitalized software costs during the three months ended March 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

As of March 31, 2020, there was $657.3 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding stock options and restricted stock awards that are expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.7 years.

NOTE 15 - NET LOSS PER SHARE

Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is the same as basic net loss per share because the effects of potentially dilutive items were anti-dilutive.

The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted net loss per share (in thousands, except per share data):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
			2020			2019
Numerator:
Net loss	$	(105,891)		$	(38,151)
Denominator:










Weighted-average shares used to compute basic and diluted net loss per share	434,940			419,289
Net loss per share:
Basic	$	(0.24)		$	(0.09)
Diluted	$	(0.24)		$	(0.09)

The following potential common shares were excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share because their effect would have been anti-dilutive for the periods presented (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020	2019
Stock options and restricted stock units	35,033	47,833
Common stock warrants	32,613	30,252

Convertible senior notes	22,478	20,305
Unvested shares	740	571
Employee stock purchase plan	269	212
Total anti-dilutive securities	91,133	99,173

NOTE 16 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

In July 2019, the Company entered into a lease agreement to lease certain office space located in St. Louis, Missouri, from an affiliate of one of the Company’s co-founders and current member of its board and directors, Mr. Jim McKelvey, under an operating lease agreement as discussed in Note 17, Commitments and Contingencies. The lease commencement date is expected to be in July 2020. The term of the agreement is 15.5 years with total future minimum lease payments over the term of approximately $42.7 million. The Company has not yet recognized a right-of-use asset and lease obligation under this agreement as of March 31, 2020.

NOTE 17 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Operating and Finance Leases

The Company’s operating leases are primarily comprised of office facilities, with the most significant leases relating to corporate headquarters in San Francisco, and offices in Oakland and New York. The Company's leases have remaining lease terms of 1 to 12 years, some of which include options to extend for 5 year terms, or include options to terminate the leases within 1 year. None of the options to extend the leases have been included in the measurement of the right-of-use asset or the associated lease liability. The Company elected to apply the short-term lease measurement and recognition exemption to its leases where applicable. Generally, operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities are recognized at the present value of the future lease payments, generally for the base non-cancellable lease term on the lease commencement date of each lease. The interest rate used to determine the present value of the future lease payments is the Company's incremental borrowing rate because the interest rate implicit in most of the Company's leases is not readily determinable. The Company's incremental borrowing rate is estimated to approximate the interest rate that the Company would pay to borrow on a collateralized basis with similar terms and payments as the lease, and in economic environments where the leased asset is located. Operating lease right-of-use assets also include any prepaid lease payments and lease incentives. The Company's lease agreements generally contain lease and non-lease components. Non-lease components, which primarily include payments for maintenance and utilities, are combined with lease payments and accounted for as a single lease component. The Company includes the fixed non-lease components in the determination of the right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities. The Company records the amortization of the right-of-use asset and the accretion of lease liability as a component of rent expense in the consolidated statement of operations.

In December 2018, the Company entered into a lease arrangement for 355,762 square feet of office space in Oakland, California for a term of 12 years with options to extend the lease term for two 5 year terms. The lease commencement date was January 15, 2020. In July 2019, the Company entered into a lease arrangement for 226,158 square feet of office space in St Louis, Missouri, with an affiliate of one of the Company’s co-founders, Mr. Jim McKelvey, who is also a Company stockholder and a member of its board of directors, for a term of 15.5 years with options to extend the lease term for two 5 year terms. The Company also has an option to terminate the lease for up to 50% of the leased space any time between January 1, 2024 and December 31, 2026, as well as an option to terminate the lease for the entire property on January 1, 2034. Termination penalties specified in the lease agreement will apply if the Company exercises any of the options to terminate the lease. The lease commencement date is expected to be in July 2020 with total future minimum lease payments over the term of approximately $42.7 million.

Additionally, the Company has finance leases for data center equipment, with remaining lease terms of approximately 0.8 years.

The components of lease expense for the periods presented are follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Fixed operating lease costs	$	15,125	$	6,690
Variable operating lease costs	5,724		637
Short term lease costs	1,856		441
Sublease income	(1,437)		—
Finance lease costs
Amortization of finance right-of-use assets	1,054		1,293
Interest on finance lease liabilities	—		—
Total lease costs	$	22,322	$	9,061

Other information related to leases was as follows:


	March 31, 2020
Weighted Average Remaining Lease Term:
Operating leases	8.8 years
Finance leases	0.5 years
Weighted Average Discount Rate:
Operating leases	4	%
Finance leases	—	%

Cash flows related to leases were as follows (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Cash flows from operating activities:
Payments for operating lease liabilities	$	(9,570)	$	(9,293)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Principal payments on finance lease obligation	$	(1,054)	$	(1,284)
Supplemental Cash Flow Data:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations	$	255,553	$	19,918

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancelable operating leases (with initial lease terms in excess of one year) and future minimum finance lease payments as of March 31, 2020 are as follows (in thousands):


	Finance		Operating
Year:
Remainder of 2020	$	1,391	$	39,616
2021	—		67,683
2022	—		70,409
2023	—		65,056
2024	—		45,520
Thereafter	—		269,229
Total	$	1,391	$	557,513
Less: amount representing interest	—		78,640
Less: leases executed but not yet commenced	—		82,692
Less: lease incentives	—		9,284
Total	$	1,391	$	386,897

The current portion of the finance lease liability is included within other current liabilities while the non-current portion is included within other non-current liabilities on the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The associated finance lease assets are included in property and equipment, net on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

Litigation

The Company is currently subject to, and may in the future be involved in, various litigation matters, legal claims, and investigations.

The Treasurer & Tax Collector of the City and County of San Francisco (Tax Collector) has issued decisions for fiscal years 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017 that the Tax Collector believes the Company’s primary business activity is financial services rather than information, and accordingly, the Company would be liable for the Gross Receipts Tax and Payroll Expense Tax under the rules for financial services business activities. The Company is required to pay tax assessments prior to contesting any such assessments. This requirement is commonly referred to as “pay-to-play.” In connection with the tax audits, the Company paid an additional $1.3 million for fiscal years 2014 and 2015 in the first quarter of 2018, and an additional $8.4 million for fiscal years 2016 and 2017 in the fourth quarter of 2019, as assessed by the Tax Collector, even though the Company strongly disagrees with the Tax Collector’s assessment of the Company’s primary business activity. On September 6, 2019, the Company filed a lawsuit against the Tax Collector and the City and County of San Francisco in the San Francisco County Superior Court for a refund of the $1.3 million paid for the fiscal years of 2014 and 2015. On November 14, 2019, the Company also filed a petition for redetermination with the Tax Collector for fiscal years 2016 and 2017. The Company has been in discussions with the City and County of San Francisco to resolve the matter and on May 4, 2020, entered into a settlement agreement that is subject to approval by the Mayor, Controller, and the Board of Supervisors of the City and County of San Francisco. Should the agreement not be approved or should the Company not prevail in its legal challenge against the application of San Francisco’s Gross Receipts Tax to its business, the Company estimates that it could incur additional losses associated with taxes, interest, and penalties in the range of approximately $0 to $66 million in the aggregate for the fiscal years 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, and for the three months ended on March 31, 2020, over and above the taxes the Company has already paid under the information classification. Additional taxes, interest, and penalties for future periods could be material as well. The Company regularly assesses the likelihood of adverse outcomes resulting from tax disputes such as this and examinations for all open years to determine the necessity and adequacy of any tax reserves. The eventual outcome could differ materially from the estimates we have made in the financial statements.

From time to time, the Company is also subject to various legal matters and disputes arising in the ordinary course of business. The Company cannot at this time fairly estimate a reasonable range of exposure, if any, of the potential liability with respect to these other matters. Although occasional adverse decisions or settlements may occur, the Company does not believe that the final disposition of any of these matters will have a material adverse effect on its results of operations, financial position, or liquidity. The Company cannot give any assurance regarding the ultimate outcome of these other matters, and their resolution could be material to the Company's operating results for any particular period.

NOTE 18 - SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION

Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise for which discrete financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker (CODM) for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. The Company’s CODM is the chief executive officer who reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of allocating resources and evaluating financial performance. As such, the Company’s operations constitute a single operating segment and one reportable segment.

The Company anticipates changing its operating and reportable segments from one segment to two segments in subsequent quarters of 2020. These two segments will represent the Seller and Cash App businesses and will reflect the way the Company anticipates evaluating its business performance and managing its operations.

Revenue

Revenue by geography is based on the billing addresses of the sellers or customers. The following table sets forth revenue by geographic area (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Revenue
United States	$	1,313,586	$	914,656
International	67,523		44,703
Total net revenue	$	1,381,109	$	959,359

No individual country from the international markets contributed in excess of 10% of total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019.

Long-Lived Assets

The following table sets forth long-lived assets by geographic area (in thousands):


	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Long-lived assets
United States	$	918,351	$	586,702
International	16,235		11,064
Total long-lived assets	$	934,586	$	597,766

NOTE 19 - SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

The supplemental disclosures of cash flow information consist of the following (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Analysis of cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,962,316	$	521,676
Short-term restricted cash	34,315		33,220
Long-term restricted cash	13,286		14,433
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	2,009,917	$	569,329


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Supplemental Cash Flow Data:
Cash paid for interest	$	397	$	538
Cash paid for income taxes	2,599		1,342
Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease obligations	255,553		19,918
Change in purchases of property and equipment in accounts payable and accrued expenses	10,354		13,114
Unpaid business combination purchase price	7,338		6,447

Fair value of common stock issued related to business combination	(14,999)		—
Recovery of common stock in connection with indemnification settlement agreement	—		789
Fair value of common stock issued to settle the conversion of senior notes, due 2022	(77,614)		—

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with the information set forth within the condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as our Annual report on Form 10-K. The statements in this discussion regarding our expectations of our future performance, liquidity and capital resources, our plans, estimates, beliefs and expectations that involve risks and uncertainties, and other non-historical statements in this discussion are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the risks and uncertainties described under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements.

Overview

We started Square in February 2009 to enable businesses (sellers) to accept card payments, an important capability that was previously inaccessible to many businesses. However, sellers need many innovative solutions to thrive, and we have expanded to provide them additional products and services and to give them access to a cohesive ecosystem of tools to help them manage and grow their businesses. Similarly, with Cash App, we have built a parallel ecosystem of financial services to help individuals manage their money.

Our seller ecosystem is a cohesive commerce ecosystem that helps sellers start, run and grow their businesses, and consists of over 30 distinct software, hardware, and financial services products. We monetize these products through a combination of transaction, subscription, and service fees. Our suite of cloud-based software solutions are integrated to create

a seamless experience and enable a holistic view of sales, customers, employees, and locations. With our offering, a seller can accept payments in person via magnetic stripe (a swipe), EMV (Europay, MasterCard, and Visa) (a dip), or NFC (Near Field Communication) (a tap); or online via Square Invoices, Square Virtual Terminal, or the seller’s website. We also provide hardware to facilitate commerce for sellers, which includes magstripe readers, contactless and chip readers, Square Stand, Square Register, Square Terminal, and third-party peripherals. Square Card, a business prepaid card, enables sellers to spend the balance they have stored with Square. Sellers can also deposit funds into their Square stored balance so they can manage all of their business expenses in one place. Sellers also gain access to business loans through Square Capital based on the seller's payment processing history. We recognize revenue upon the sale of the loans to third-party investors or over time as the sellers pay down the outstanding amounts for the loans that we hold as available for sale. We have grown rapidly to serve millions of sellers that represent a diverse set of industries (including services, food-related business, and retail businesses) and sizes, ranging from a single vendor at a farmers’ market to multi-location businesses. Square sellers also span geographies, including the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, and the United Kingdom.

Our Cash App ecosystem provides financial tools for individuals to store, send, receive, spend and invest money. With Cash App, customers can fund their account with a bank account or debit card, send and receive P2P (peer-to-peer) payments, and receive direct deposit payments. Customers can make purchases with their Cash Card, a Visa prepaid card that is linked to the balance stored in Cash App. With Cash Boost, customers receive instant discounts when they make Cash Card purchases at designated merchants. Customers can also use their stored funds to buy and sell bitcoin and equity investments within Cash App.

On March 5, 2020, we issued $1.0 billion in aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes (2025 Notes) that mature on March 1, 2025, unless earlier converted or repurchased pursuant to their terms, and bear interest at a rate of 0.1250% payable semi-annually on March 1 and September 1 of each year. We intend to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, which may include capital expenditures, investments, working capital, and potential acquisitions and strategic transactions. From time to time, we evaluate potential strategic transactions and acquisitions of businesses, technologies, products or talent.

Impact of COVID-19 on Current Trends and Outlook

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak (COVID-19) a global pandemic. We operate in geographic locations that have been impacted by COVID-19, and the pandemic has impacted and could further impact our operations and the operations of our customers as a result of quarantines, various local, state and federal government public health orders, facility and business closures, and travel and logistics restrictions. Conditions may worsen further as governments and businesses continue to take actions to respond to the risks of the COVID-19 pandemic. While the COVID-19 pandemic continues to cause uncertainty in the global economy and restrictive measures by governments and businesses remain in place, we expect our business and results of operations to be materially and adversely affected.

Beginning in the middle of March, the outbreak of COVID-19 led to adverse impacts on the U.S. and global economies, bringing uncertainty to our operations and customer demand. Various local governments in New York, California and other states issued orders requiring the closure of non-essential businesses and to curtail all unnecessary travel, and requiring individuals to comply with various shelter-in-place and social distancing orders. Certain of our customers in those areas recorded a significant decline in sales and thus, we experienced a slowdown in revenues during the month of March 2020, which has continued into the second quarter of 2020.

Our customers are exposed to and face a variety of uncertainties that have and could continue to negatively impact their continued use of our products and services, their ability to repay outstanding amounts, or even their ability to continue in business. As a result, we expect to experience reduced revenues in the future and we may incur increased charges related to transaction and loan losses if these conditions continue into future periods. We have revised our estimates and assumptions to reflect such increases in transaction and loan losses in our financial statements. We also expect reduced operating cash inflows from our business operations.

Additionally, we have evaluated the potential impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on our financial statements, including, but not limited to, the impairment of goodwill and intangible assets, impairment of long-lived assets including operating lease right-of-use assets, property and equipment, valuation of loans held for sale, as well as determination of accrued transaction losses. We have concluded that our goodwill and other long lived assets are not impaired. Where applicable, we have incorporated judgments and estimates of the expected impact of COVID-19 in the preparation of the financial statements based on information currently available. These judgments and estimates may change, as new events

develop and additional information is obtained, and are recognized in the consolidated financial statements as soon as they become known.

We also have taken steps to assist our customers that we believe will be in the best interests of our sellers in the long term, including refunding software subscription fees to sellers during the months of March and April 2020. Additionally, we have introduced options for sellers to temporarily suspend subscriptions based on their circumstances. Square Capital has also been approved as a lender under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) administered by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) that was enacted in March 2020 under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act") in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The PPP is intended to provide funding for eligible businesses that includes certain of our sellers to help them retain their employees.

To address the potential impact to our business, over the near-term, we are reevaluating the pace of our investment plans, including, but not limited to, our hiring, real estate and facilities, and marketing and travel spending. We also continue to actively monitor the situation and may take further actions that alter our operations and business practices as may be required by federal, state or local authorities or that we determine are in the best interests of our partners, customers, suppliers, vendors, employees and shareholders. While the disruption is currently expected to be temporary, the extent to which the COVID-19 outbreak will further impact the Company’s financial results will depend on future developments, which are unknown and cannot be predicted, including the duration and ultimate scope of the pandemic, advances in testing, treatment and prevention, as well as actions taken by governments and businesses.

Results of Operations

Revenue (in thousands, except for percentages)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019		$ Change		% Change
Transaction-based revenue	$	758,101	$	656,762	$	101,339	15	%
Subscription and services-based revenue	296,235		218,857		77,378		35	%
Hardware revenue	20,675		18,212		2,463		14	%
Bitcoin revenue	306,098		65,528		240,570		367	%
Total net revenue	$	1,381,109	$	959,359	$	421,750	44	%

Total net revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased by $421.8 million or 44%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Transaction-based revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased by $101.3 million or 15%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. This increase was attributable to the growth in Gross Payment Volume (GPV) processed which increased by 14% for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. In January and February, we benefited from the growth in payment volume processed by existing sellers, in addition to meaningful contributions from new sellers. In the latter half of March 2020, due to the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak and subsequent shelter in place orders, we experienced a significant slowdown in GPV processed and the associated transaction-based revenue. In January and February of 2020, GPV generated by our Seller business increased by 29% compared to the same period in the prior year, which included a benefit from the impact of the leap year. In the latter half of March 2020, GPV generated by our Seller business decreased by 35% from the same period in the prior year due to the effects of COVID-19.

Subscription and services-based revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased by $77.4 million or 35%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. On October 31, 2019, we completed the sale of the Caviar business, and, accordingly, Caviar no longer contributes to subscription and services-based revenue. Excluding Caviar, growth was driven primarily by Cash App, Square Capital, and Instant Transfers for sellers. Cash App subscription and services-based revenue is primarily comprised of transaction fees from Cash App Instant Deposit and Cash Card, with a small portion generated from interest earned on customer funds. Additionally, in March, 2020 in an effort to support our customers we refunded software subscription fees we had charged the customers.

Hardware revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased by $2.5 million or 14%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase primarily reflects growth in shipments of Square Terminal in the US and subsequent launches in certain international markets in the second half of 2019. In the last two weeks of March, 2020, hardware unit sales decelerated as a result of the COVID-19 outbreak.

Bitcoin revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased by $240.6 million or 367%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase was due to growth in the number of active bitcoin customers, as well as growth in customer demand. The amount of bitcoin revenue recognized will fluctuate depending on the volatility of bitcoin prices in the market and customer demand.

Cost of Revenue (in thousands, except for percentages)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019		$ Change		% Change
Transaction-based costs	$	465,779	$	409,069	$	56,710	14	%
Subscription and services-based costs	40,711		60,523		(19,812)		(33)	%
Hardware costs	34,372		26,941		7,431		28	%
Bitcoin costs	299,426		64,696		234,730		363	%
Amortization of acquired technology	2,320		1,376		944		69	%
Total cost of revenue	$	842,608	$	562,605	$	280,003	50	%

Total cost of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased by $280.0 million or 50%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Transaction-based costs for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased by $56.7 million or 14%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. This increase was primarily attributable to the growth in GPV processed of 14% for the three months ended March 31, 2020, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019.

Subscription and services-based costs for the three months ended March 31, 2020 decreased by $19.8 million or 33%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. The decrease was primarily a result of the sale of the Caviar business on October 31, 2019. Caviar contributed approximately 58% of total subscription and services-based costs in the three months ended March 31, 2019. Excluding Caviar, the increase in subscription and services-based costs was driven mainly by growth in costs associated with Cash Card and Instant Deposit.

Hardware costs for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased by $7.4 million or 28%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. The change in hardware costs reflects the growth in our sales of Square Terminal as described above. The increase was also due to costs incurred with hardware promotions in certain international markets, as well as a larger proportion of hardware sales recognized through retail channels, which have lower margins.

Bitcoin costs for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased by $234.7 million or 363%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. Bitcoin costs of revenue comprises amounts we pay to purchase bitcoin, which will fluctuate in line with bitcoin revenue.

Operating Expenses (in thousands, except for percentages)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020			2019			$ Change		% Change
Product development	$	194,986		$	154,350		$	40,636	26	%
% of total net revenue	14		%	16		%
Sales and marketing	$	194,535		$	133,713		$	60,822	45	%
% of total net revenue	14		%	14		%
General and administrative	$	129,495		$	101,598		$	27,897	27	%
% of total net revenue	9		%	11		%
Transaction and loan losses	$	108,883		$	27,841		$	81,042	291	%
% of total net revenue	8		%	3		%
Amortization of acquired customer assets	$	890		$	1,294		$	(404)	(31)	%
% of total net revenue	—		%	—		%
Total operating expenses	$	628,789		$	418,796		$	209,993	50	%

Product development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased by $40.6 million or 26%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019, due primarily to the following:

•an increase of $33.2 million in personnel costs for the three months ended March 31, 2020, related to our engineering, data science, and design teams, as we continue to improve and diversify our products. The increase in personnel related costs includes an increase in share-based compensation expense of $14.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020; and

•an increase of $4.0 million in software and data center operating costs as a result of increased capacity needs and expansion of our cloud-based services.

Sales and marketing expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased by $60.8 million or 45%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to the following:

•an increase of $48.6 million in Cash App marketing costs for the three months ended March 31, 2020, associated with increased volume of activity with our Cash App peer-to-peer service and related transactions losses, Cash Card issuance costs in line with an increase in customers, and advertising. We offer the Cash Card and certain peer-to-peer services to our Cash App customers for free, and we consider these to be marketing tools to encourage the usage of Cash App;

•an increase of $2.6 million in advertising costs for our Seller ecosystem services for the three months ended March 31, 2020, primarily from increased online and mobile marketing campaigns for the Seller ecosystem.

General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased by $27.9 million or 27%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to the following:

•an increase of $7.5 million in general and administrative personnel costs for the three months ended March 31, 2020, mainly as a result of additions to our customer support, finance, and legal personnel as we continued to add resources and skills to support our long-term growth as our business continues to scale. The increase in personnel related costs includes an increase in share-based compensation expense of $1.2 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020; and

•the remaining increase is primarily due to facilities expansion, software and subscription costs, local business-related taxes, third-party legal and other professional fees and other administrative expenses.

Transaction and losses for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased by $81.0 million or 291%, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019, primarily due to the following:

•transaction losses increased by $65.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020, primarily due to incremental provisions for our Seller transaction business due to impact of the COVID-19 outbreak, in addition to growth in our Seller business and Cash App platform; and

•an increase of $15.7 million in loan losses for the three months ended March 31, 2020, as a result of the incremental losses associated with the COVID-19 outbreak, and the growth and aging of our Square Capital loan portfolio.

Interest Expense, Net, and Other Expense, Net (in thousands, except for percentages)


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019		$ Change		% Change
Interest expense, net	$	9,206	$	4,681	$	4,525	97	%
Other expense, net	$	5,862	$	11,299	$	(5,437)	(48)	%

Interest expense, net, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 increased by $4.5 million compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. The increase was primarily due to higher interest expense related to our convertible notes as a result of the issuance of the 2025 Notes in March 2020, in addition to a decrease in interest income earned on our investments in marketable debt securities due to lower interest rates prevailing in the market.

Other expense, net, for the three months ended March 31, 2020 decreased by $5.4 million, compared to the three months ended March 31, 2019. The decrease was primarily a result of the sale of our equity investment in Eventbrite, Inc. in December 2019, and as a result we did not recognize any impact from the mark to market revaluation of this investment in the three months ended March 31, 2020. This activity was offset in part by foreign exchange losses incurred in the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Key Operating Metrics and Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We collect and analyze operating and financial data to evaluate the health of our business, allocate our resources, and assess our performance. In addition to total net revenue, net income (loss), and other results under generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), the following table sets forth key operating metrics and non-GAAP financial measures we use to evaluate our business. We believe these metrics and measures are useful to facilitate period-to-period comparisons of our business and to facilitate comparisons of our performance to that of other payments solution providers.


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
	(in thousands, except GPV and per share data)
Gross Payment Volume (GPV) (in millions)	$	25,743	$	22,587
Adjusted EBITDA	$	9,331	$	61,697
Adjusted Net Income (Loss) Per Share:
Basic	$	(0.02)	$	0.13
Diluted	$	(0.02)	$	0.11

Gross Payment Volume (GPV)

We define GPV as the total dollar amount of all card payments processed by sellers using Square, net of refunds. Additionally, GPV includes Cash App activity related to peer-to-peer payments sent from a credit card and business accounts.

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted Net Income (Loss) Per Share (Adjusted EPS)

Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EPS are non-GAAP financial measures that represent our net income (loss) and net income (loss) per share, adjusted to eliminate the effect of certain items as described below. We have included these non-GAAP financial measures in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q because they are key measures used by our management to evaluate our operating performance, generate future operating plans, and make strategic decisions, including those relating to operating expenses and the allocation of internal resources. Accordingly, we believe these measures provide useful information to investors and others in understanding and evaluating our operating results in the same manner as our management and board of directors. In addition, they provide useful measures for period-to-period comparisons of our business, as they remove the effect of certain non-cash items and certain variable charges.

•We believe it is useful to exclude certain non-cash charges, such as amortization of intangible assets, and share-based compensation expenses, from our non-GAAP financial measures because the amount of such expenses in any specific period may not directly correlate to the underlying performance of our business operations.

•In connection with the issuance of our convertible senior notes (as described in Note 12), we are required to recognize non-cash interest expense related to amortization of debt discount and issuance costs. We believe that excluding these expenses from our non-GAAP measures is useful to investors because such incremental non-cash interest expense does not represent a current or future cash outflow for the Company and is therefore not indicative of our continuing operations or meaningful when comparing current results to past results. Additionally, for purposes of calculating diluted Adjusted EPS we add back cash interest expense on convertible senior notes, as if converted at the beginning of the period, if the impact is dilutive, since we intend to settle future conversions of our convertible senior notes entirely in shares.

•We exclude the gain or loss on the disposal of property and equipment, gain or loss on revaluation of equity investment, gain or loss on debt extinguishment related to the conversion of senior notes and impairment of intangible assets, as applicable, from non-GAAP financial measures because we do not believe that these items are reflective of our ongoing business operations.

•We also exclude certain costs associated with acquisitions that are not normal recurring operating expenses, including amounts paid to redeem acquirees’ unvested share-based compensation awards, and legal, accounting and due diligence costs, and we add back the impact of the acquired deferred revenue and deferred cost adjustment, which was written down to fair value in purchase accounting. Such amounts were not included in prior periods as they were immaterial or zero.

In addition to the items above, Adjusted EBITDA as a non-GAAP financial measure also excludes depreciation, other cash interest income and expense, other income and expense and provision or benefit from income taxes, as these items are not components of our core business operations.

Non-GAAP financial measures have limitations, should be considered as supplemental in nature and are not meant as a substitute for the related financial information prepared in accordance with GAAP. These limitations include the following:

•share-based compensation expense has been, and will continue to be for the foreseeable future, a significant recurring expense in our business and an important part of our compensation strategy;

•the intangible assets being amortized may have to be replaced in the future, and the non-GAAP financial measures do not reflect cash capital expenditure requirements for such replacements or for new capital expenditures or other capital commitments; and

•non-GAAP measures do not reflect changes in, or cash requirements for, our working capital needs.

In addition to the limitations above, Adjusted EBITDA as a non-GAAP financial measure does not reflect the effect of depreciation expense and related cash capital requirements, income taxes that may represent a reduction in cash available to us, and the effect of foreign currency exchange gains or losses which is included in other income and expense.

Other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate the non-GAAP financial measures differently or not at all, which reduces their usefulness as comparative measures.

Because of these limitations, you should consider the non-GAAP financial measures alongside other financial performance measures, including net loss and our other financial results presented in accordance with GAAP.

The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss to Adjusted EBITDA for each of the periods indicated (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Net loss	$	(105,891)	$	(38,151)
Share-based compensation expense	77,303		61,088
Depreciation and amortization	20,061		18,971
Interest expense, net	9,206		4,681
Other expense, net	5,862		11,299
Provision for income taxes	535		129
Loss on disposal of property and equipment	218		19


Acquisition related and other costs	1,524		782
Acquired deferred revenue adjustment	657		3,456
Acquired deferred costs adjustment	(144)		(577)
Adjusted EBITDA	$	9,331	$	61,697

The following table presents a reconciliation of net loss to Adjusted EPS for each of the periods indicated (in thousands, except per share data):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Net loss	$	(105,891)	$	(38,151)
Share-based compensation expense	77,303		61,088
Amortization of intangible assets	4,152		3,487
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs	12,528		9,608
Loss on revaluation of equity investment	—		14,087
Loss on extinguishment of long-term debt	990		—
Loss on disposal of property and equipment	218		19


Acquisition related and other costs	1,524		782
Acquired deferred revenue adjustment	657		3,456
Acquired deferred costs adjustment	(144)		(577)
Adjusted Net Income (Loss) - basic	$	(8,663)	$	53,799
Cash interest expense on convertible senior notes	$	—	$	1,277
Adjusted Net Income (Loss) - diluted	$	(8,663)	$	55,076

Weighted-average shares used to compute Adjusted Net Income (Loss) Per Share:
Basic	434,940		419,289
Diluted	434,940		487,056

Adjusted Net Income (Loss) Per Share:
Basic	$	(0.02)	$	0.13
Diluted	$	(0.02)	$	0.11

To calculate the diluted Adjusted EPS, we adjust the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding for the dilutive effect of all potential shares of common stock.

In periods when we recorded an Adjusted Net Loss, the diluted Adjusted EPS is the same as basic Adjusted EPS because the effects of potentially dilutive items were anti-dilutive given the Adjusted Net Loss position.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

The uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 outbreak continues both in the United States and globally, with the duration and severity of the pandemic and the overall impact on consumer demand still unknown. We are unable to forecast the full impact on our business; however, this represents a known area of uncertainty and we now expect that impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic and the related economic disruption will have a material and adverse impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. To address the potential impact to our business, over the near-term, we are reevaluating the pace of our investment plans, including, but not limited to, our hiring, real estate and facilities, and marketing campaigns. Additionally, we have suspended and/ or limited expenses on company events, travel, and certain other discretionary expenses.

As of March 31, 2020, we had approximately $3.4 billion in available funds, including amounts available under our revolving credit facility, as described in Note 12, Indebtedness, of Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. Although we have no current plans to access capital or credit markets for funding, we are aware that the impacts of the COVID-19 outbreak have reduced the availability and attractiveness of external funding sources, and we expect that until financial market conditions stabilize, accessing financing could be challenging or at elevated costs. We intend to continue focusing on our long-term business initiatives and believe that our available funds are sufficient to meet our liquidity

needs for the foreseeable future. We are carefully monitoring and managing our cash position in light of ongoing conditions and levels of operations.

Liquidity Sources

The following table summarizes our cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and investments in marketable debt securities (in thousands):


	March 31, 2020		December 31, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,962,316	$	1,047,118
Short-term restricted cash	34,315		38,873
Long-term restricted cash	13,286		12,715
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	2,009,917	$	1,098,706
Investments in short-term debt securities	521,840		492,456
Investments in long-term debt securities	529,460		537,303
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, and investments in marketable debt securities	$	3,061,217	$	2,128,465

Our principal sources of liquidity are our cash and cash equivalents and investments in marketable debt securities. As of March 31, 2020, we had $3.1 billion of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, and investments in marketable debt securities, which were held primarily in cash deposits, money market funds, U.S. government and agency securities, commercial paper, and corporate bonds. We consider all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Our investments in marketable debt securities are classified as available for sale.

As of March 31, 2020, we held $2.0 billion in aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes, comprised of $186.3 million in aggregate principal amount of outstanding convertible senior notes that mature on March 1, 2022 (2022 Notes), $862.5 million in aggregate principal amount of convertible senior notes that mature on May 15, 2023 (2023 Notes), and $1.0 billion in aggregate amount of convertible senior notes that mature on March 1, 2025 (2025 Notes). The 2022 Notes bear interest at a rate of 0.375% payable semi-annually on March 1 and September 1 of each year, while the 2023 Notes bear interest at a rate of 0.50% payable semi-annually on May 15 and November 15 of each year, and the 2025 Notes bear interest at a rate of 0.125% payable semi-annually on March 1 and September 1 of each year. These notes can be converted or repurchased prior to maturity if certain conditions are met. We currently expect to settle future conversions of the notes entirely in shares of the our Class A common stock and will reevaluate this policy from time to time as conversion notices are received from holders of the notes.

In addition, we had a $375.0 million revolving secured credit facility, maturing in November 2020 (the "2015 Credit Facility"). No funds had been drawn under the credit facility. In May 2020, we entered into a new revolving credit agreement with certain lenders, which extinguished the 2015 Credit Facility and provides a $500.0 million senior unsecured revolving credit facility (the "2020 Credit Facility") maturing in May 2023. Loans under the 2020 Credit Facility bear interest at our option of (i) a base rate based on the highest of the prime rate, the federal funds rate plus 0.50%, and the adjusted LIBOR rate plus 1.00%, in each case case, plus a margin ranging from 0.25% to 0.75% or (ii) an adjusted LIBOR rate plus a margin ranging from 1.25% to 1.75%. The margin is determined based on our total net leverage ratio, as defined in the agreement. We are obligated to pay other customary fees for a credit facility of this size and type including an unused commitment fee of 0.15%. To date, no funds have been drawn and no letters of credit have been issued under the 2020 Credit Facility.

See Note 12, Indebtedness, of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more details on these transactions.

We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, investment in marketable debt securities, and availability under our line of credit will be sufficient to meet our working capital needs, including any expenditures related to strategic transactions and investment commitments that we may from time to time enter into, and planned capital expenditures for at

least the next 12 months. From time to time, we may seek to raise additional capital through equity, equity-linked, and debt financing arrangements. We cannot provide assurance that any additional financing will be available to us on acceptable terms or at all.

Short-term restricted cash of $34.3 million as of March 31, 2020 reflects pledged cash deposited into savings accounts at the financial institutions that process our sellers' payments transactions and as collateral pursuant to an agreement with the originating bank for the Company's loan product. We use the restricted cash to secure letters of credit with these financial institutions to provide collateral for liabilities arising from cash flow timing differences in the processing of these payments. We have recorded this amount as a current asset on our consolidated balance sheets given the short-term nature of these cash flow timing differences and that there is no minimum time frame during which the cash must remain restricted. Additionally, this balance includes certain amounts held as collateral pursuant to multi-year lease agreements, discussed in the paragraph below, which we expect to become unrestricted within the next year.

Long-term restricted cash of $13.3 million as of March 31, 2020 is primarily related to cash deposited into money market funds that is used as collateral pursuant to multi-year lease agreements. The Company has recorded this amount as a non-current asset on the consolidated balance sheets as the lease terms extend beyond one year.

We experience significant day-to-day fluctuations in our cash and cash equivalents due to fluctuations in settlements receivable and customers payable, and hence working capital. These fluctuations are primarily due to:

•Timing of period end. For periods that end on a weekend or a bank holiday, our cash and cash equivalents, settlements receivable, and customers payable balances typically will be higher than for periods ending on a weekday, as we settle to our sellers for payment processing activity on business days; and

•Fluctuations in daily GPV. When daily GPV increases, our cash and cash equivalents, settlements receivable, and customers payable amounts increase. Typically our settlements receivable and customers payable balances at period end represent one to four days of receivables and disbursements to be made in the subsequent period. Customers payable, excluding amounts attributable to Cash App stored funds, and settlements receivable balances typically move in tandem, as pay-out and pay-in largely occur on the same business day. However, customers payable balances will be greater in amount than settlements receivable balances due to the fact that a subset of funds are held due to unlinked bank accounts, risk holds, and chargebacks. Also customer funds obligations, which are included in customers payable, may cause customers payable to trend differently than settlements receivable. Holidays and day-of-week may also cause significant volatility in daily GPV amounts.

Cash Flow Activities 

The following table summarizes our cash flow activities (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	121,296	$	32,444
Net cash used in investing activities	(114,617)		(70,387)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities	918,120		(26,852)
Effect of foreign exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents	(13,588)		1,277
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	911,211	$	(63,518)

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Cash provided by operating activities consisted of our net loss adjusted for certain non-cash items, including loss on revaluation of equity investment, depreciation and amortization, non-cash interest and other expense, share-based compensation expense, transaction and loan losses, deferred income taxes, non-cash lease expense, as well as the effect of changes in operating assets and liabilities, including working capital.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, cash provided by operating activities was $121.3 million, primarily due to a net loss of $105.9 million, adjusted for the add back of non-cash expenses of $233.8 million, consisting primarily of transaction and loan losses, share-based compensation, depreciation and amortization, and non-cash interest and other expenses. Whereas the increase in transaction and loan losses was largely caused by estimated losses attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic, the increase in other non-cash expenses was primarily due to the growth and expansion of our business activities.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, cash provided by operating activities was $32.4 million, primarily due to a net loss of $38.2 million, adjusted for the add back of non-cash expenses of $135.4 million, consisting primarily of share-based compensation, transaction and loan losses, depreciation and amortization, and non-cash interest and other expenses largely driven by growth and expansion of our business activities. The cash generated from operating activities was negatively affected by a net outflow from changes in other assets and liabilities of $64.8 million.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

Cash flows used in investing activities primarily relate to capital expenditures to support our growth, investments in marketable debt securities, and business acquisitions.

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, cash used in investing activities was $114.6 million, primarily due to the net investments of marketable securities including investments from customer funds of $75.7 million. Additional uses of cash were as a result of the purchase of property and equipment of $26.1 million and business acquisitions, net of cash acquired of $12.7 million.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, cash used in investing activities was $70.4 million, primarily due to the net investments of marketable securities including investments from customer funds of $39.0 million, the purchase of property and equipment of $18.2 million, and business acquisitions, net of cash acquired of $11.2 million. 

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

For the three months ended March 31, 2020, cash provided by financing activities was $918.1 million primarily as a result of $936.5 million in net proceeds from the 2025 Notes offering, and proceeds from issuances of common stock from the exercise of options and purchases under our employee share purchase plan of $31.4 million, offset by payments for employee tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units of $48.8 million.

For the three months ended March 31, 2019, cash used in financing activities was $26.9 million primarily as a result of payments for employee tax withholding related to vesting of restricted stock units of $50.8 million, offset by proceeds from issuances of common stock from the exercise of options of $25.3 million.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

On March 5, 2020, we issued $1.0 billion in aggregate principal amount of 2025 Notes that mature on March 1, 2025, unless earlier converted or repurchased, and bear interest at a rate of 0.125% or $0.6 million payable semi-annually on March 1 and September 1 of each year. See Note 12, Indebtedness, of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for more details on this transaction.

With the exception of the issuance of 2025 Notes, there were no material changes in our commitments under contractual obligations, except for scheduled payments from the ongoing business, as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019.

Other Estimates

As disclosed in Note 17 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, we have potential exposure related to a tax dispute with the Treasurer & Tax Collector of the City and County of San Francisco. Depending on the final outcome of the tax dispute, we estimate that we could incur additional losses associated with taxes, interest, and penalties that range from approximately $0 to $66 million in the aggregate for the fiscal years 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 and the three months ended March 31, 2020. Additional taxes, interest, and penalties for future periods could be material as well. Estimating the amount of losses that we should record in our financial statements for the potential exposure requires us to make assumptions and apply considerable judgment. The eventual outcome could differ materially from the estimates we have made in the financial statements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements during the periods presented.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. GAAP requires us to make certain estimates and judgments that affect the amounts reported in our financial statements. We base our estimates on historical experience, anticipated future trends, and other assumptions we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Because these accounting policies require significant judgment, our actual results may differ materially from our estimates.

We believe accounting policies and the assumptions and estimates associated with transaction and loan losses, especially due to uncertainties associated with the COVID-19 outbreak, and revenue recognition have the greatest potential effect on our consolidated financial statements. Therefore, we consider these to be our critical accounting policies and estimates.

Our critical accounting policies are disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019. Our critical accounting policies have not materially changed during the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

See “Recent Accounting Pronouncements” described in Note 1 of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We have operations both within the United States and globally, and we are exposed to market risks in the ordinary course of our business, including the effects of interest rate changes and foreign currency fluctuations. Information relating to quantitative and qualitative disclosures about these market risks is described below.

Interest Rate Sensitivity

Our cash and cash equivalents, and marketable debt securities as of March 31, 2020, were held primarily in cash deposits, money market funds, U.S. government and agency securities, commercial paper, and corporate bonds. The fair value of our cash, cash equivalents, and marketable debt securities would not be significantly affected by either an increase or decrease in interest rates due mainly to the short-term nature of a majority of these instruments. Additionally, we have the ability to hold these instruments until maturity if necessary to reduce our risk. Any future borrowings incurred under our credit facility would accrue interest at a floating rate based on a formula tied to certain market rates at the time of incurrence (as described above). A hypothetical 100 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates would not have a material effect on our financial results.

Foreign Currency Risk

Most of our revenue is earned in U.S. dollars, and therefore our revenue is not currently subject to significant foreign currency risk. Our foreign operations are denominated in the currencies of the countries in which our operations are located, and may be subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in the Japanese Yen, Canadian Dollar, Australian Dollar, Euro and British Pound. Fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates may cause us to recognize transaction gains and losses in our statement of operations. A 10% increase or decrease in current exchange rates would not have a material impact on our financial results.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on such evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) of the Exchange Act that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II—Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are currently a party to, and may in the future be involved in, various litigation matters (including intellectual property litigation), legal claims, and government investigations. For information regarding legal proceedings in which we are involved, see “Litigation” in Note 17 of the accompanying notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements, which is incorporated herein by reference.

In addition, from time to time, we are involved in various other litigation matters and disputes arising in the ordinary course of business. We cannot at this time fairly estimate a reasonable range of exposure, if any, of the potential liability with respect to these other matters. While we do not believe, at this time, that any ultimate liability resulting from any of these other matters will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position, or liquidity, we cannot give any assurance regarding the ultimate outcome of these other matters, and their resolution could be material to our operating results for any particular period.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes, before making any investment decision with respect to our securities. The risks and uncertainties described below may not be the only ones we face. If any of the risks actually occur, our business could be materially and adversely affected. In that event, the market price of our Class A common stock could decline, and you could lose part or all of your investment.

The following description of risk factors includes any material changes to, and supersedes the description of, risk factors associated with the Company’s business previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 under the heading “Risk Factors.”

Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and measures intended to prevent its spread have had, and may continue to have, a material and adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Global health concerns relating to the COVID-19 pandemic and related government actions taken to reduce the spread of the virus have been weighing on the macroeconomic environment, and the pandemic has significantly increased economic uncertainty and reduced economic activity. Small businesses, which constitute a large part of our sellers, have been impacted particularly hard. The pandemic has resulted in authorities implementing numerous measures to try to contain the virus, such as travel bans and restrictions, quarantines, shelter in place or total lock-down orders, and business limitations and shutdowns. Such measures have significantly contributed to rising unemployment and negatively impacted consumer and business spending.

The outbreak has adversely impacted, and is likely to further adversely impact, our operations and the operations of our customers and business partners. The spread of COVID-19 has caused us to modify our business practices to help minimize the risk of the virus to our employees, our customers, and the communities in which we participate, which could negatively impact our business. These measures include temporarily requiring employees to work remotely, suspending all non-essential business travel for our employees, suspending external guests from visiting our offices, and canceling, postponing, or holding meetings and events virtually. There is no certainty that the measures we have taken will be sufficient to mitigate the risks posed by the virus.

The extent to which the coronavirus outbreak impacts our business, results of operations, and financial condition will depend on future developments, which are highly uncertain and are difficult to predict, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the outbreak, its severity, the actions to contain the virus or treat its impact, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may experience material and adverse impacts to our business as a result of the virus’s global economic impact, including the availability of credit, bankruptcies or insolvencies of customers, and any recession or economic downturn that has occurred or may occur in the future.

There are no comparable recent events that provide guidance as to the effect the COVID-19 pandemic may have, and, as a result, the ultimate impact of the pandemic is highly uncertain and subject to change. We do not yet know the full extent of the impacts on our business, our operations, or the global economy as a whole. However, the effects could have a material impact on our results of operations and heighten many of the known risks described throughout this Risk Factors section.

Our participation in government relief programs set up in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, such as facilitating loans to businesses under the Paycheck Protection Program or stimulus payments to individuals through Cash App, may subject us to new and uncertain risks.

Federal, state, local, and foreign governmental authorities have enacted, and may enact in the future, legislation, regulations, and programs in response to the COVID-19 pandemic intended to provide economic relief to businesses and individuals. Our participation in, or facilitation of, such programs may expose us to new and uncertain risks.

Square Capital is an approved lender under the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) administered by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) and enacted in March 2020 under the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act ("CARES Act") in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The program is intended to provide funding for businesses so they

can retain employees and includes initial loan repayment deferrals and debt forgiveness provisions for eligible borrowers. Under the program, Square Capital, through a bank partner, provides small businesses two-year loans at a fixed interest rate of one percent for up to 2.5 times the borrower’s monthly payroll expenses. The loan is forgiven under the program if the loan proceeds are used for specified expenses, including payroll and benefit costs, rent payments, utilities, and mortgage and certain interest expenses; provided that at least 75% of the loan proceeds are utilized for qualifying payroll costs and the borrower maintains or rehires employees during the specified periods. Square Capital intends to retain some of these PPP loans in its portfolio, but also to sell 100% participations in PPP loans to institutional third-party investors.

As a participant in the Paycheck Protection Program, Square Capital is exposed to new and uncertain risks since the requirements and processes are still being developed and have not yet been tested, which exposes us to risks related to verification, forgiveness, and servicing of such loans. In the event that it is determined that a borrower does not qualify for loan forgiveness or if a borrower defaults, Square Capital is at risk to the extent the SBA may decline to honor its guarantee or to forgive the loan due to documentation or verification errors, failure to follow regulatory requirements, or lack of adherence to underwriting standards. As a result, Square Capital’s documentation and review and underwriting processes will be subject to scrutiny, and we could be subject to litigation arising as a result of our participation in this lending or we could incur losses if we fail to comply with the SBA requirements. There can be no assurance that Square Capital will be successful in mitigating all of the risks associated with the PPP or that this lending will not have a negative impact on Square Capital’s business and results of operations.

Separately, Cash App has been facilitating the payment of stimulus funds, called economic impact payments, to individuals under the CARES Act by offering account and routing numbers that customers can use to deposit such payments directly into their Cash App accounts. Cash App has also worked with partner banks to expand direct deposit eligibility for its customers. The federal stimulus program was set up quickly and under difficult and unprecedented circumstances, which may cause the program to be susceptible to fraud, data breaches, technical difficulties, and other new and uncertain risks. Cash App’s facilitation of access to stimulus funds may expose us to operational, compliance, reputational, and legal risks, which could result in governmental action, litigation, or other forms of material and adverse loss.

Our business depends on a strong and trusted brand, and any failure to maintain, protect, and enhance our brand would hurt our business.

We have developed a strong and trusted brand that has contributed significantly to the success of our business. We believe that maintaining and promoting our brand in a cost-effective manner is critical to achieving widespread acceptance of our products and services and expanding our base of customers. Maintaining and promoting our brand will depend largely on our ability to continue to provide useful, reliable, secure, and innovative products and services, as well as our ability to maintain trust and be a technology leader. We may introduce, or make changes to, features, products, services, privacy practices, or terms of service that customers do not like, which may materially and adversely affect our brand. Our brand promotion activities may not generate customer awareness or increase revenue, and even if they do, any increase in revenue may not offset the expenses we incur in building our brand. If we fail to successfully promote and maintain our brand or if we incur excessive expenses in this effort, our business could be materially and adversely affected.

The introduction and promotion of new services, as well as the promotion of existing services, may be partly dependent on our visibility on third-party advertising platforms, such as Google, Twitter, or Facebook. Changes in the way these platforms operate or changes in their advertising prices, data use practices or other terms could make the maintenance and promotion of our products and services and our brand more expensive or more difficult. If we are unable to market and promote our brand on third-party platforms effectively, our ability to acquire new customers would be materially harmed. We also use retail partners to sell hardware and acquire customers. Our ability to acquire new customers could be materially harmed if we are unable to enter into or maintain these partnerships on terms that are commercially reasonable to us, or at all.

Harm to our brand can arise from many sources, including failure by us or our partners and service providers to satisfy expectations of service and quality; inadequate protection or misuse of sensitive information; compliance failures and claims; litigation and other claims; and misconduct by our partners, service providers, or other counterparties. We have also been from time to time in the past, and may in the future be, the target of incomplete, inaccurate, and misleading or false statements about our company and our business that could damage our brand and deter customers from adopting our services. Any negative publicity about our industry or our company, the quality and reliability of our products and services, our risk management processes, changes to our products and services, our ability to effectively manage and resolve customer complaints, our privacy, data protection, and information security practices, litigation, regulatory activity, policy positions, and the experience of our customers with our products or services could adversely affect our reputation and the confidence in and use of our products and services. If we do not successfully maintain a strong and trusted brand, our business could be materially and adversely affected.

As our revenue has increased, our growth rate has slowed at times in the past and may slow or decline in the future. Future revenue growth depends on our ability to retain existing sellers, attract new sellers, and increase sales to both new and existing sellers, as well as our ability to attract and retain Cash App customers.

Our rate of revenue growth has slowed at times in the past and may decline in the future, and it may slow or decline more quickly than we expect for a variety of reasons, including the risks described in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Our customers have no obligation to continue to use our services, and we cannot assure you that they will. We generally do not have long-term contracts with our customers, and the difficulty and costs associated with switching to a competitor may not be significant for many of the services we offer, both in the seller ecosystem and the Cash App ecosystem. Our sellers’ payment processing activity with us may decrease for a variety of reasons, including sellers’ level of satisfaction with our products and services, our pricing and the pricing and quality of competing products or services, the effects of global economic conditions, or reductions in our sellers’ customer spending levels. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant declines in payment processing activity as certain businesses have been required to close or curtail operations, and accordingly, such reductions have caused declines in our revenue growth rate. In addition, we refunded and waived software subscription fees for existing customers during the months of March and April of this year, which lowered our revenue for those months. We also have introduced options for sellers to pause subscriptions temporarily based on their circumstances. Even if we reinstate these subscription fees, there can be no assurances that they will generate revenue at prior levels, as some customers may have closed or curtailed operations or may no longer choose to pay such subscription fees.

The growth of our business depends in part on existing sellers expanding their use of our products and services. If we are unable to encourage sellers to broaden their use of our services, our growth may slow or stop, and our business may be materially and adversely affected. The growth of our business also depends on our ability to attract new sellers and Cash App customers, to encourage larger sellers to use our products and services, and to introduce successful new products and services. We have invested and will continue to invest in improving our Square platform in order to offer better or new features, products and services, but if those features, products and services fail to be successful, our growth may slow or decline.

We have generated significant net losses in the past, and we intend to continue to invest substantially in our business. Thus, we may not be able to maintain profitability.

While we generated net income of $375.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2019, we generated net losses of $38.5 million and $62.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2020 and March 31, 2019, we generated net losses of $105.9 million and $38.2 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2020, we had an accumulated deficit of $616.2 million.

We intend to continue to make significant investments in our business, including with respect to our employee base; sales and marketing; development of new products, services, and features; acquisitions; expansion of office space and other infrastructure; expansion of international operations; and general administration, including legal, finance, and other compliance expenses related to being a public company. If the costs associated with acquiring and supporting new or larger sellers, attracting and supporting new Cash App customers, or with developing and supporting our products and services materially rise in the future, including the fees we pay to third parties to advertise our products and services, our expenses may rise significantly. In addition, increases in our seller base could cause us to incur increased losses because costs associated with new sellers are generally incurred up front, while revenue is recognized thereafter as our products and services are transferred to our sellers. If we are unable to generate adequate revenue growth and manage our expenses, we may incur significant losses and may not maintain profitability.

From time to time, we have made and may make decisions that will have a negative effect on our short-term operating results if we believe those decisions will improve the experiences of our customers, which we believe will improve our operating results over the long term. These decisions may not be consistent with the expectations of investors and may not produce the long-term benefits that we expect, in which case our business may be materially and adversely affected.

We derive a significant portion of our revenue from managed payments services. Our efforts to expand our product portfolio and market reach may not succeed and may reduce our revenue growth.

We derive a significant portion of our revenue from transaction-based fees we collect in connection with managed payments services. While Cash App and other products and services we offer have grown in importance to us and we intend to continue to broaden the scope of products and services we offer, we may not be successful in deriving any significant new revenue streams from these products and services or in maintaining or growing current revenue streams. Failure to successfully broaden the scope of products and services that are attractive may inhibit our growth and harm our business.

Furthermore, we may have limited or no experience in our newer markets. For example, we cannot assure you that any of our products or services will be widely accepted or that they will continue to grow in revenue. Our offerings may present new and difficult technological, operational, regulatory, and other challenges, and if we experience service disruptions, failures, or other issues, our business may be materially and adversely affected. Our newer activities may not recoup our investments in a timely manner or at all. If any of this were to occur, it could damage our reputation, limit our growth, and materially and adversely affect our business.

Our long-term success depends on our ability to develop products and services to address the rapidly evolving market for payments and point-of-sale, financial, and marketing services, and, if we are not able to implement successful enhancements and new features for our products and services, our business could be materially and adversely affected.

Rapid and significant technological changes continue to confront the industries in which we operate, including developments in omnichannel commerce, proximity payment devices (including contactless payments via NFC technology), as well as developments in cryptocurrencies and in tokenization, which replaces sensitive data (e.g., payment card information) with symbols (tokens) to keep the data safe in the event that it ends up in the wrong hands.

These new services and technologies may be superior to, impair, or render obsolete the products and services we currently offer or the technologies we currently use to provide them. Incorporating new technologies into our products and services may require substantial expenditures and take considerable time, and we may not be successful in realizing a return on these development efforts in a timely manner or at all. Our ability to develop new products and services may be inhibited by industry-wide standards, payment card networks, existing and future laws and regulations, resistance to change from our customers, which includes our sellers and their buyers, or third parties’ intellectual property rights. Our success will depend on our ability to develop new technologies and to adapt to technological changes and evolving industry standards. If we are unable to provide enhancements and new features for our products and services or to develop new products and services that achieve market acceptance or that keep pace with rapid technological developments and evolving industry standards, our business would be materially and adversely affected.

We often rely not only on our own initiatives and innovations, but also on third parties, including some of our competitors, for the development of and access to new technologies and development of a robust market for these new products and technologies. Failure to accurately predict or to respond effectively to developments in our industry may significantly impair our business.

In addition, because our products and services are designed to operate with a variety of systems, infrastructures, and devices, we need to continuously modify and enhance our products and services to keep pace with changes in technologies. Moreover, our success may depend on our ability to provide products and services that are tailored to specific needs and requirements of our customers. Any failure of our products and services to continue to operate effectively with third-party infrastructures and technologies could reduce the demand for our products and services, result in dissatisfaction of our customers, and materially and adversely affect our business.

Substantial and increasingly intense competition in our industry may harm our business.

We compete in markets characterized by vigorous competition, changing technology, changing customer needs, evolving industry standards, and frequent introductions of new products and services. We expect competition to intensify in the future as existing and new competitors introduce new services or enhance existing services. For example, in 2019, Apple introduced Apple Card, and other companies not traditionally associated with the payments industry may also introduce products or services that are or may become competitive with our business. We compete against many companies both within our seller ecosystem and our Cash App ecosystem to attract customers, and some of these companies have greater financial resources and substantially larger bases of customers than we do, which may provide them with significant competitive advantages. These companies may devote greater resources to the development, promotion, and sale of products and services, may achieve economies of scale due to the size of their customer bases, and may more effectively introduce their own innovative products and services that adversely impact our growth. Mergers and acquisitions by these companies may lead to even larger competitors with more resources.

Certain sellers have long-standing exclusive, or nearly exclusive, relationships with our competitors to accept payment cards and other services that compete with what we offer. These relationships may make it difficult or cost-prohibitive for us to conduct material amounts of business with them. Competing services tied to established brands may engender greater confidence in the safety and efficacy of their services. If we are unable to differentiate ourselves from and successfully compete with our competitors, our business will be materially and adversely affected.

We may also face pricing pressures from competitors. Some potential competitors are able to offer lower prices to sellers for similar services by cross-subsidizing their payments services through other services they offer. Such competition may result in the need for us to alter the pricing we offer to our sellers and could reduce our gross profit. In addition, as we grow, sellers may demand more customized and favorable pricing from us, and competitive pressures may require us to agree to such pricing, further reducing our gross profit. We currently negotiate pricing discounts and other incentive arrangements with certain large sellers to increase acceptance and usage of our products and services. If we continue this practice and if an increasing proportion of our sellers are large sellers, we may have to increase the discounts or incentives we provide, which could also reduce our gross profit.

We, our sellers, our partners, and others who use our services obtain and process a large amount of sensitive data. Any real or perceived improper or unauthorized use of, disclosure of, or access to such data could harm our reputation as a trusted brand, as well as have a material and adverse effect on our business.

We, our sellers, and our partners, including third-party vendors and data centers that we use, obtain and process large amounts of sensitive data, including data related to our customers, our sellers’ customers, and their transactions. We face risks, including to our reputation as a trusted brand, in the handling and protection of this data. These risks will increase as our business continues to expand to include new products and technologies, and as we and our third party vendors rely on an increasingly distributed workforce. Our operations involve the storage and transmission of sensitive information of individuals using our services, including their names, addresses, social security numbers (or their foreign equivalents), payment card numbers and expiration dates, bank account information, loans they have applied for or obtained, and data regarding the performance of our sellers’ businesses. Additionally, certain of our products and services are subject to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (and the rules and regulations thereunder, as amended, including with respect to the HITECH Act) (HIPAA), and therefore we are required to take measures to safeguard protected health information of our sellers and their customers. Our services also provide third party developers the opportunity to provide applications to our sellers in the Square and Weebly app marketplaces. Sellers who choose to use such applications can grant permission allowing the applications to access content created or held by sellers in their Square or Weebly account. Should such third party developers experience or cause a breach or a technological bug, that could lead to a compromise of the content of data held by such sellers, including personal data.

If our privacy and security measures or those of third party developers and vendors are inadequate or are breached, and, as a result, there is improper disclosure of or someone obtains unauthorized access to or exfiltrates funds or sensitive information on our systems or our partners’ systems, or if we, our third party developers or vendors suffer a ransomware or advanced persistent threat attack, or if any of the foregoing is reported or perceived to have occurred, our reputation and business could be damaged. If the sensitive information is lost or improperly accessed, misused, disclosed, destroyed, or altered or threatened to be improperly accessed, misused, disclosed, destroyed, or altered, we could incur significant financial losses and costs and liability associated with remediation and the implementation of additional security measures and be subject to litigation, regulatory scrutiny, and investigations.

Under payment card rules and our contracts with our card processors, if there is a breach of payment card information that we store or that is stored by our sellers or other third parties with which we do business, we could be liable to the payment card issuing banks for certain of their costs and expenses. Additionally, if our own confidential business information were improperly disclosed, our business could be materially and adversely affected. A core aspect of our business is the reliability and security of our payments platforms. Any perceived or actual breach of security, regardless of how it occurs or the extent of the breach, could have a significant impact on our reputation as a trusted brand, cause us to lose existing sellers or other customers, prevent us from obtaining new sellers and other customers, require us to expend significant funds to remedy problems caused by breaches and to implement measures to prevent further breaches, and expose us to legal risk and potential liability including those resulting from governmental or regulatory investigations, class action litigation, and costs associated with remediation, such as fraud monitoring and forensics. Any actual or perceived security breach at a company providing services to us or our customers could have similar effects. Further, any actual or perceived security breach with respect to the bitcoin and blockchain ledger, regardless of whether such breach directly affects our products and services, could have negative reputational effects and harm customer trust in us and our products and services.

While we maintain cybersecurity insurance, our insurance may be insufficient to cover all liabilities incurred by such attacks. We cannot be certain that our insurance coverage will be adequate for data handling or data security liabilities actually incurred, that insurance will continue to be available to us on economically reasonable terms, or at all, or that any insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, premiums, or deductibles could have a material adverse effect on our business, including our financial condition, operating results, and reputation.

Our products and services may not function as intended due to errors in our software, hardware, and systems, product defects, or due to security breaches or human error in administering these systems, which could materially and adversely affect our business.

Our software, hardware, systems, and processes may contain undetected errors or vulnerabilities that could have a material adverse effect on our business, particularly to the extent such errors or vulnerabilities are not detected and remedied quickly. We have from time to time found defects in our customer-facing software and hardware, internal systems, and technical integrations with third-party systems, and new errors or vulnerabilities may be introduced in the future. If there are such errors or defects in our software, hardware, or systems, we may face negative publicity, government investigations, and litigation. Additionally, we rely on a limited number of component and product suppliers located outside of the U.S. to manufacture our products. As a result, our direct control over production and distribution is limited and it is uncertain what effect such diminished control will have on the quality of our products. If there are defects in the manufacture of our hardware products, we may face similar negative publicity, investigations, and litigation, and we may not be fully compensated by our suppliers for any financial or other liability that we suffer as a result. As our hardware continues to increase in size and complexity, these risks may correspondingly increase as well.

In addition, we provide frequent incremental releases of product and service updates and functional enhancements, which increase the possibility of errors. The products and services we provide are designed to process complex transactions and deliver reports and other information related to those transactions, all at high volumes and processing speeds. Any errors, data leaks, security breaches, disruptions in services, or other performance problems with our products or services caused by external or internal actors could hurt our reputation and damage our customers’ businesses. Software and system errors, or human error, could delay or inhibit settlement of payments, result in oversettlement, cause reporting errors, or prevent us from collecting transaction-based fees, all of which have occurred in the past. Similarly, security breaches such as cyber-attacks or identity theft could disrupt the proper functioning of our software products or services, cause errors, allow unauthorized access, or disclosure of, to sensitive, proprietary, or confidential information of ours or our customers, and other destructive outcomes. Moreover, security breaches or errors in our hardware design or manufacture could cause product safety issues typical of consumer electronics devices. Such issues could lead to product recalls and inventory shortages, result in costly and time-consuming efforts to redesign and redistribute our products, give rise to regulatory inquiries and investigations, and result in lawsuits and other liabilities and losses, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business.

Additionally, electronic payment products and services, including ours, have been, and could continue to be in the future, specifically targeted and penetrated or disrupted by hackers. Because the techniques used to obtain unauthorized access to data, products, and services and to disable, degrade, or sabotage them change frequently and may be difficult to detect or remediate for long periods of time, we and our customers may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures to stop them. If we or our sellers or other customers are unable to anticipate or prevent these attacks, our sellers' or other customers’ businesses may be harmed, our reputation could be damaged, and we could incur significant liability.

Systems failures, interruptions, delays in service, catastrophic events, and resulting interruptions in the availability of our products or services, or those of our sellers, could harm our business and our brand, and subject us to substantial liability.

Our systems and those of our third-party vendors, including data center facilities, may experience service interruptions, outages, cyber-attacks and security incidents, human error, earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, pandemics, fires, other natural disasters, power losses, disruptions in telecommunications services, fraud, military or political conflicts, terrorist attacks and other geopolitical unrest, computer viruses, changes in social, political or regulatory conditions or in laws and policies, or other changes or events. Our systems and facilities are also subject to break-ins, sabotage, and acts of vandalism. Some of our systems are not fully redundant, and our disaster-recovery planning is not sufficient for all eventualities. In addition, as a provider of payments solutions and other financial services, we are subject to increased scrutiny by regulators that may require specific business continuity and disaster recovery plans and more rigorous testing of such plans. This increased scrutiny may be costly and time-consuming and may divert our resources from other business priorities.

We have experienced and will likely continue to experience denial-of-service and other cyber-attacks, system failures, outages, security incidents, and other events or conditions that interrupt the availability or reduce the speed or functionality of our products and services. These events have resulted and likely will result in loss of revenue. In addition, they could result in significant expense to repair or replace damaged equipment and remedy resultant data loss or corruption. A prolonged interruption in the availability or reduction in the speed or other functionality of our products or services could materially harm our reputation and business. Frequent or persistent interruptions in our products and services could cause customers to believe that our products and services are unreliable, leading them to switch to our competitors or to avoid our products and services, and could permanently harm our reputation and business. Moreover, to the extent that any system

failure or similar event results in damages to customers, these customers could seek compensation from us for their losses, and those claims, even if unsuccessful, would likely be time-consuming and costly for us to address.

A significant natural or man-made disaster could have a material and adverse impact on our business. Our headquarters and certain of our data center facilities are located in the San Francisco Bay Area, a region known for seismic activity. Despite any precautions we may take, the occurrence of a natural disaster or other unanticipated problems at our headquarters or data centers could result in lengthy interruptions in our services or could result in related liabilities. We do not maintain insurance sufficient to compensate us for the potentially significant losses that could result from disruptions to our services.

Significant natural or other disasters, including pandemics, could also have a material and adverse impact on our sellers, which, in the aggregate, could in turn adversely affect our results of operations.

The loss or destruction of a private key required to access our bitcoin may be irreversible. If we are unable to access our private keys or if we experience a hack or other data loss relating to the bitcoins we hold on behalf of customers, our customers may be unable to access their bitcoins and it could harm customer trust in us and our products.

Bitcoins are controllable only by the possessor of both the unique public key and private key relating to the local or online digital wallet in which the bitcoins are held. While the bitcoin and blockchain ledger require a public key relating to a digital wallet to be published when used in a transaction, private keys must be safeguarded and kept private in order to prevent a third party from accessing the bitcoins held in such wallet. To the extent our private key is lost, destroyed, or otherwise compromised and no backup of the private key is accessible, we will be unable to access the bitcoins held in the related digital wallet. Further, we cannot provide assurance that our wallet will not be hacked or compromised. The bitcoin and blockchain ledger, as well as other cryptocurrencies and blockchain technologies, have been, and may in the future be, subject to security breaches, hacking, or other malicious activities. Any loss of private keys relating to, or hack or other compromise of, digital wallets used to store our customers’ bitcoins could adversely affect our customers’ ability to access or sell their bitcoins and could harm customer trust in us and our products. Additionally, any loss of private keys relating to, or hack or other compromise of, digital wallets used by third parties to store bitcoins or other cryptocurrencies could have negative reputational effects on us and harm customer trust in us and our products.

Our risk management efforts may not be effective, which could expose us to losses and liability and otherwise harm our business.

We offer managed payments and other products and services to a large number of customers. We vet and monitor these customers and the payments transactions we process for them as part of our risk management efforts. When our products and services are used to process illegitimate transactions, and we settle those funds to sellers and are unable to recover them, we suffer losses and liability. These types of illegitimate transactions can also expose us to governmental and regulatory sanctions and potentially prevent us from satisfying our contractual obligations to our third party partners, which may cause us to be in breach of our obligations. The highly automated nature of, and liquidity offered by, our payments services make us a target for illegal or improper uses, including fraudulent or illegal sales of goods or services, money laundering, and terrorist financing. Identity thieves and those committing fraud using stolen or fabricated credit card or bank account numbers, or other deceptive or malicious practices, potentially can steal significant amounts of money from businesses like ours. Our risk management policies, procedures, techniques, and processes may not be sufficient to identify all of the risks to which we are exposed, to enable us to prevent or mitigate the risks we have identified, or to identify additional risks to which we may become subject in the future. As a greater number of larger sellers use our services, our exposure to material risk losses from a single seller, or from a small number of sellers, will increase. Our current business and anticipated domestic and international growth will continue to place significant demands on our risk management and compliance efforts, and we will need to continue developing and improving our existing risk management infrastructure, techniques, and processes. In addition, when we introduce new services, expand existing services, including online payment acceptance, focus on new business areas, including consumer financing and installment loans, or begin to operate in markets where we have a limited history of fraud loss, we may be less able to forecast and carry appropriate reserves in our books for those losses. Furthermore, if our risk management policies and processes are ineffective, we may suffer large financial losses, we may be subject to civil and criminal liability, and our business may be materially and adversely affected.

We are currently, and will continue to be, exposed to risks associated with chargebacks and refunds in connection with payment card fraud or relating to the goods or services provided by our sellers. In the event that a billing dispute between a cardholder and a seller is not resolved in favor of the seller, including in situations where the seller engaged in fraud, the transaction is typically “charged back” to the seller and the purchase price is credited or otherwise refunded to the cardholder. If we are unable to collect chargebacks or refunds from the seller’s account, or if the seller refuses to or is unable to reimburse

us for chargebacks or refunds due to closure, bankruptcy, or other reasons, we may bear the loss for the amounts paid to the cardholder. Since October 2015, businesses that cannot process EMV chip cards are held financially responsible for certain fraudulent transactions conducted using chip-enabled cards. This has shifted an increased amount of the risk for certain fraudulent transactions from the issuing banks to these sellers, which has resulted in our having to seek an increased level of reimbursement for chargebacks from our sellers that do not deploy EMV-compliant card readers. Not all of the readers we offer to merchants are EMV-compliant. Our financial results would be adversely affected to the extent sellers do not fully reimburse us for the related chargebacks. For customer relations purposes we sometimes decline to seek reimbursement for certain chargebacks. The risk of chargebacks is typically greater with those of our sellers that promise future delivery of goods and services, which we allow on our Square platform. Moreover, chargebacks typically rise during economic downturns due to sellers becoming insolvent and bankrupt and therefore unable to fulfill their commitments for goods or services. Consequently, we have seen a recent increase in chargebacks, and we expect chargebacks to continue to rise as a result of the economic downturn caused by the current COVID-19 pandemic. If we are unable to maintain our losses from chargebacks at acceptable levels, the payment card networks could fine us, increase our transaction-based fees, or terminate our ability to process payment cards. Any increase in our transaction-based fees could damage our business, and if we were unable to accept payment cards, our business would be materially and adversely affected.

We are dependent on payment card networks and acquiring processors, and any changes to their rules or practices could harm our business.

Our business depends on our ability to accept credit and debit cards, and this ability is provided by the payment card networks, including Visa, MasterCard, American Express, and Discover. In a majority of these cases, we do not directly access the payment card networks that enable our acceptance of payment cards. As a result, we must rely on banks and acquiring processors to process transactions on our behalf. Our acquiring processor agreements have terms ranging from two to six years. Our three largest such agreements expire between the third quarter of 2022 and the first quarter of 2023. These banks and acquiring processors may fail or refuse to process transactions adequately, may breach their agreements with us, or may refuse to renegotiate or renew these agreements on terms that are favorable or commercially reasonable. They might also take actions that degrade the functionality of our services, impose additional costs or requirements on us, or give preferential treatment to competitive services, including their own services. If we are unsuccessful in establishing, renegotiating, or maintaining mutually beneficial relationships with these payment card networks, banks, and acquiring processors, our business may be harmed.

The payment card networks and our acquiring processors require us to comply with payment card network operating rules, including special operating rules that apply to us as a “payment facilitator” providing payment processing services to merchants. The payment card networks set these network rules and have discretion to interpret the rules and change them at any time. Changes to these network rules or how they are interpreted could have a significant impact on our business and financial results. For example, changes in the payment card network rules regarding chargebacks may affect our ability to dispute chargebacks and the amount of losses we incur from chargebacks. Any changes to or interpretations of the network rules that are inconsistent with the way we or our acquiring processors currently operate may require us to make changes to our business that could be costly or difficult to implement. If we fail to make such changes or otherwise resolve the issue with the payment card networks, the networks could fine us or prohibit us from processing payment cards. In addition, violations of the network rules or any failure to maintain good relationships with the payment card networks could impact our ability to receive incentives from them, could increase our costs, or could otherwise harm our business. If we were unable to accept payment cards or were limited in our ability to do so, our business would be materially and adversely affected.

We are required to pay interchange and assessment fees, processing fees, and bank settlement fees to third-party payment processors and financial institutions. From time to time, payment card networks have increased, and may increase in the future, the interchange fees and assessments that they charge for each transaction processed using their networks. In some cases, we have negotiated favorable pricing with acquiring processors and networks that are contingent on certain business commitments and other conditions. If we fail to meet such conditions, the fees we are charged will rise. Moreover, our acquiring processors and payment card networks may refuse to renew our agreements with them on terms that are favorable, commercially reasonable, or at all. Interchange fees or assessments are also subject to change from time to time due to government regulation. Because we generally charge our sellers a standard rate for our managed payments services, rather than passing through interchange fees and assessments to our sellers directly, any increase or decrease in interchange fees or assessments or in the fees we pay to our acquiring processors could make our pricing less competitive, lead us to change our pricing model, or adversely affect our margins, all of which could materially harm our business and financial results. Likewise, we have negotiated favorable pricing for the processing fees we pay to the payment card networks for peer-to-peer transactions on our Cash App. As such, an increase in interchange fees or assessments could raise our costs for such transactions, which could materially harm our business and financial results.

We could be, and in the past have been, subject to penalties from payment card networks if we fail to detect that sellers are engaging in activities that are illegal, contrary to the payment card network operating rules, or considered “high risk.” We must either prevent high-risk sellers from using our products and services or register such sellers with the payment card networks and conduct additional monitoring with respect to such sellers. Any such penalties could become material and could result in termination of our ability to accept payment cards or could require changes in our process for registering new sellers. This could materially and adversely affect our business.

We rely on third parties and their systems for a variety of services, including the processing of transaction data and settlement of funds to us and our sellers, and these third parties’ failure to perform these services adequately could materially and adversely affect our business.

To provide our managed payments solution and other products and services (including those for Cash App and Square Capital), we rely on third parties that we do not control, such as the payment card networks, our acquiring and issuing processors, the payment card issuers, a carrying broker, various financial institution partners, systems like the Federal Reserve Automated Clearing House, and other partners. We rely on these third parties for a variety of services, including the transmission of transaction data, processing of chargebacks and refunds, settlement of funds to our sellers, certain brokerage services, and the provision of information and other elements of our services. For example, we currently rely on three acquiring processors for each of the United States, Canada, and Japan and two for each of Australia and the United Kingdom. While we believe there are other acquiring processors that could meet our needs, adding or transitioning to new providers may significantly disrupt our business and increase our costs. In the event these third parties fail to provide these services adequately, including as a result of financial difficulty or insolvency, errors in their systems, outages or events beyond their control, or refuse to provide these services on terms acceptable to us or at all, and we are not able to find suitable alternatives, our business may be materially and adversely affected. We have in the past experienced outages with third parties we have worked with, which has affected the ability to process payments for cards issued under our own brands.

We depend on key management, as well as our experienced and capable employees, and any failure to attract, motivate, and retain our employees could harm our ability to maintain and grow our business.

Our future success is significantly dependent upon the continued service of our executives and other key employees. If we lose the services of any member of management or any key personnel, we may not be able to locate a suitable or qualified replacement, and we may incur additional expenses to recruit and train a replacement, which could severely disrupt our business and growth. Jack Dorsey, our co-founder, President, and Chief Executive Officer, also serves as Chief Executive Officer of Twitter, Inc. This may at times adversely affect his ability to devote time, attention, and effort to Square.

To maintain and grow our business, we will need to identify, attract, hire, develop, motivate, and retain highly skilled employees. This requires significant time, expense, and attention. In addition, from time to time, there may be changes in our management team that may be disruptive to our business. If our management team, including any new hires that we make, fails to work together effectively and to execute our plans and strategies on a timely basis, our business could be harmed. Competition for highly skilled personnel is intense, particularly in the San Francisco Bay Area where our headquarters are located. We may need to invest significant amounts of cash and equity to attract and retain new employees, and we may never realize returns on these investments. Additionally, potential changes in U.S. immigration policy may make it difficult to renew or obtain visas for any highly skilled personnel that we have hired or are actively recruiting. Furthermore, our international expansion and our business in general may be materially adversely affected if legislative or administrative changes to immigration or visa laws and regulations impair our hiring processes or projects involving personnel who are not citizens of the country where the work is to be performed. If we are not able to add and retain employees effectively, our ability to achieve our strategic objectives will be adversely affected, and our business and growth prospects will be harmed.

A deterioration of general macroeconomic conditions could materially and adversely affect our business and financial results.

Our performance is subject to economic conditions and their impact on levels of spending by businesses and their customers. Most of the sellers that use our services are small businesses, many of which are in the early stages of their development, and these businesses may be disproportionately adversely affected by economic downturns and may fail at a higher rate than larger or more established businesses. Small businesses have been disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the related measures taken by governments and private industry to protect the public health such as stay-at-home orders. Many businesses are experiencing reduced sales and are processing fewer payments with us, which has had a negative impact on our results of operations. If they cease to operate, they will likely stop using our products and services altogether. Small businesses frequently have limited budgets and limited access to capital, and they may choose to allocate their spending to items other than our financial or marketing services, especially in times of economic uncertainty or

in recessions. In addition, if more of our sellers cease to operate, this may have an adverse impact not only on the growth of our payments services but also on our transaction and advance loss rates, and the success of our other services. For example, if sellers processing payments with us receive chargebacks after they cease to operate, we may incur additional losses. Additionally, the growth in the number of sellers qualifying for participation in the Square Capital program may slow, or business loans may be paid more slowly, or not at all. In addition, as we expand our business to offer consumer financing products, those customers may also be disproportionately adversely affected by economic downturns.

Further, our suppliers, distributors, and other third party partners may suffer their own financial and economic challenges. Such suppliers and third parties may demand pricing accommodations, delay payment, or become insolvent, which could harm our ability to meet end customer demands or collect revenue or otherwise could harm our business. Furthermore, our investment portfolio, which includes U.S. government and corporate securities, is subject to general credit, liquidity, market, and interest rate risks, which may be exacerbated by certain events that affect the global financial markets. If global credit and equity markets decline for extended periods, or if there is a downgrade of the securities within our portfolio, the investment portfolio may be adversely affected and we could determine that our investments have experienced an other-than-temporary decline in fair value, requiring impairment charges that could adversely affect our financial results. Moreover, we are currently subletting some office space to subtenants. An economic downturn may cause us to need less office space than we are contractually committed to leasing and prevent us from finding subtenants for such unused office space. Thus, if general macroeconomic conditions deteriorate, our business and financial results could be materially and adversely affected.

The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant uncertainty in the global economy. The COVID-19 pandemic and health measures taken by governments and private industry in response to the pandemic, including stay-at-home orders, restrictions on business operations, and travel restrictions, have had significant negative effects on the economy. Continued uncertainty about the pandemic, associated economic consequences, and potential relief measures may have a long-term adverse effect on the economy, our sellers, customers, suppliers, and our business.

We are also monitoring developments related to the decision by the United Kingdom to leave the European Union (EU) on January 31, 2020 and commence a transition period during which the U.K. and EU negotiate their future relationship. Brexit could have significant implications for our business and could lead to economic and legal uncertainty, including significant volatility in global stock markets and currency exchange rates, and increasingly divergent laws, regulations, and licensing requirements for the Company as the U.K. determines which EU laws to replace or replicate. Any of these effects of Brexit, among others, could adversely affect our operations and financial results.

We may have exposure to greater-than-anticipated tax liabilities, which may materially and adversely affect our business.

We are subject to income taxes and non-income taxes in the United States and other countries in which we transact or conduct business, and such laws and rates vary by jurisdiction. We are subject to review and audit by U.S. federal, state, local, and foreign tax authorities. Such tax authorities may disagree with tax positions we take, and if any such tax authority were to successfully challenge any such position, our financial results and operations could be materially and adversely affected. For example, the Office of the Treasurer and Tax Collector of the City and County of San Francisco (the "Tax Collector") has issued decisions regarding the Company's classification of its business activities. See “Litigation” in Note 17 of the accompanying notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements. If the Company does not resolve this dispute and is otherwise unable to mitigate the impact of this tax, we could be obligated to pay additional taxes, together with any associated penalties and interest. This may adversely affect our cash flows, financial condition, and results of operations. An unfavorable outcome in this tax dispute may also limit our ability to retain and grow our work force in San Francisco. In addition, we currently are, and expect to continue to be, subject to numerous federal, state, and foreign tax audits relating to income, transfer pricing, sales & use, VAT, and other tax liabilities. While we have established reserves based on assumptions and estimates that we believe are reasonably sufficient to cover such eventualities, any adverse outcome of such a review or audit could have an adverse impact on our financial position and results of operations if the reserves prove to be insufficient.

Our tax liability could be adversely affected by changes in tax laws, rates, regulations, and administrative practices. Our income tax obligations are based on our corporate operating structure, including the manner in which we develop, value, and use our intellectual property and the scope of our international operations. The tax authorities of the jurisdictions in which we operate may challenge our methodologies for valuing developed technology or intercompany arrangements. For example, various levels of government and international organizations, such as the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (“OECD”) and the European Union (“EU”), increasingly focus on future tax reform and any result from this development may create changes to long-standing tax principles, which could adversely affect our effective tax rate. Additionally, tax authorities at the international, federal, state, and local levels are currently reviewing the appropriate tax treatment of companies engaged in internet commerce and financial technology. These developing changes could affect our financial position and results of operations. In particular, due to the global nature of the Internet, it is possible that tax

authorities at the international, federal, state, and local levels may attempt to regulate our transactions or levy new or revised sales & use taxes, VAT, digital services taxes, income taxes, or other taxes relating to our activities in the internet commerce and financial technology space. New or revised taxes, in particular, sales & use taxes, VAT, and similar taxes, including digital service taxes, would likely increase the cost of doing business. New taxes could also create significant increases in internal costs necessary to capture data and collect and remit taxes. Any of these events could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

The determination of our worldwide provision for income and other tax liabilities is highly complex and requires significant judgment by management, and there are many transactions during the ordinary course business where the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. Although we believe our estimates are reasonable, the ultimate tax outcome may differ from amounts recorded in our financial statements and may materially affect our financial results in the period or periods for which such determination is made.

We have in the past recorded, and may in the future record, significant valuation allowances on our deferred tax assets, which may have a material impact on our results of operations and cause fluctuations in such results.

As of March 31, 2020, we had a valuation allowance for deferred tax assets in the United States, Canada, Ireland and Singapore. Our net deferred tax assets relate predominantly to the United States federal and state tax jurisdictions. The need for a valuation allowance requires an assessment of both positive and negative evidence when determining whether it is more likely than not that deferred tax assets are recoverable; such assessment is required on a jurisdiction-by-jurisdiction basis. In making such assessment, significant weight is given to evidence that can be objectively verified.

We continue to monitor the likelihood that we will be able to recover our deferred tax assets in the future. Future adjustments in our valuation allowance may be required. The recording of any future increases in our valuation allowance could have a material impact on our reported results, and both the recording and release of the valuation allowance could cause fluctuations in our quarterly and annual results of operations.

If we do not continue to improve our operational, financial, and other internal controls and systems to manage growth effectively, our business could be harmed.

Our current business and anticipated growth will continue to place significant demands on our management and other resources. In order to manage our growth effectively, we must continue to strengthen our existing infrastructure and operational procedures, enhance our internal controls and reporting systems, and ensure we timely and accurately address issues as they arise. In particular, our continued growth will increase the challenges involved in:

•improving existing and developing new internal administrative infrastructure, particularly our operational, financial, communications, and other internal systems and procedures;

•installing enhanced management information and control systems; and

•preserving our core values, strategies, and goals and effectively communicating these to our employees worldwide.

If we are not successful in developing and implementing the right processes and tools to manage our enterprise, our ability to compete successfully and achieve our business objectives could be impaired.

These efforts may require substantial financial expenditures, commitments of resources, developments of our processes, and other investments and innovations. As we grow, we must balance the need for additional controls and systems with the ability to efficiently develop and launch new features for our products and services. However, it is likely that as we grow, we will not be able to launch new features, or respond to customer or market demands as quickly as a smaller, more efficient organization. If we do not successfully manage our growth, our business will suffer.

Expanding our business globally could subject us to new challenges and risks.

We currently offer our services and products in multiple countries and plan to continue expanding our business further globally. Expansion, whether in our existing or new global markets, will require additional resources and controls, and offering our services in new geographic regions often requires substantial expenditures and takes considerable time. We may not be successful enough in these new geographies to recoup our investments in a timely manner or at all. Such expansion could also subject our business to substantial risks, including:

•difficulty in attracting a sufficient number of sellers;

•failure to anticipate competitive conditions and competition with service providers or other entrenched market-players that have greater experience in the local markets than we do;

•conformity with applicable business customs, including translation into foreign languages and associated expenses;

•increased costs and difficulty in protecting intellectual property and sensitive data;

•changes to the way we do business as compared with our current operations or a lack of acceptance of our products and services;

•the ability to support and integrate with local third-party service providers;

•difficulties in staffing and managing foreign operations in an environment of diverse culture, laws, and customs, challenges caused by distance, language, and cultural differences, and the increased travel, infrastructure, and legal and compliance costs associated with global operations;

•difficulties in recruiting and retaining qualified employees and maintaining our company culture;

•difficulty in gaining acceptance from industry self-regulatory bodies;

•compliance with multiple, potentially conflicting and changing governmental laws and regulations, including with respect to payments, data privacy, data protection, and information security;

•compliance with U.S. and foreign anti-corruption, anti-bribery, and anti-money laundering laws;

•potential tariffs, sanctions, fines, or other trade restrictions;

•exchange rate risk;

•compliance with complex and potentially conflicting and changing laws of taxing jurisdictions where we conduct business and applicable U.S. tax laws;

•increased exposure to public health issues such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, and related industry and governmental actions to address these issues; and

•regional economic and political instability.

As a result of these risks, our efforts to expand our global operations may not be successful, which could limit our ability to grow our business.

Any acquisitions, strategic investments, entries into new businesses, joint ventures, divestitures, and other transactions could fail to achieve strategic objectives, disrupt our ongoing operations or result in operating difficulties, liabilities and expenses, harm our business, and negatively impact our results of operations.

In pursuing our business strategy, we routinely conduct discussions and evaluate opportunities for possible acquisitions, strategic investments, entries into new businesses, joint ventures, divestitures, and other transactions. We have in the past acquired or invested in, and we continue to seek to acquire or invest, in businesses technologies or other assets that we believe could complement or expand our business. The identification, evaluation, and negotiation of potential transactions may divert the attention of management and entail various expenses, whether or not such transactions are ultimately completed. There can be no assurance that we will be successful in identifying, negotiating, and consummating favorable transaction opportunities. For example, in 2019, we completed the sale of Caviar to DoorDash in exchange for cash and stock consideration. As DoorDash is a privately-held company, there can be no assurances that we will fully realize the value of the stock consideration. In addition to transaction and opportunity costs, these transactions involve large challenges and risks, whether or not such transactions are completed, any of which could harm our business and negatively impact our results of operations, including risks that:

•the transaction may not advance our business strategy;

•we may not be able to secure required regulatory approvals or otherwise satisfy closing conditions for a proposed transaction in a timely manner, or at all;

•the transaction may subject us to additional regulatory burdens that affect our business in potentially unanticipated and significantly negative ways;

•we may not realize a satisfactory return or increase our revenue;

•we may experience difficulty, and may not be successful in, integrating technologies, IT or business enterprise systems, culture, or management or other personnel of the acquired business;

•we may incur significant acquisition costs and transition costs, including in connection with the assumption of ongoing expenses of the acquired business;

•we may not realize the expected benefits or synergies from the transaction in the expected time period, or at all;

•we may be unable to retain key personnel;

•acquired businesses or businesses that we invest in may not have adequate controls, processes, and procedures to ensure compliance with laws and regulations, including with respect to data privacy and security, and our due diligence process may not identify compliance issues or other liabilities;

•we may fail to identify or assess the magnitude of certain liabilities, shortcomings, or other circumstances prior to acquiring or investing in a business, which could result in additional financial, legal, or regulatory exposure, which may subject us to additional controls, policies, procedures, liabilities, litigation, costs of compliance or remediation, or other adverse effects on our business, operating results, or financial condition;

•we may have difficulty entering into new market segments;

•we may be unable to retain the customers, vendors, and partners of acquired businesses;

•there may be lawsuits or regulatory actions resulting from the transaction;

•there may be risks associated with undetected security weaknesses, cyberattacks, or security breaches at companies that we acquire or with which we may combine or partner;

•there may be local and foreign regulations applicable to the international activities of our business and the businesses we acquire; and

•acquisitions could result in dilutive issuances of equity securities or the incurrence of debt.

We may also choose to divest certain businesses or product lines. If we decide to sell assets or a business, we may have difficulty obtaining terms acceptable to us in a timely manner, or at all. Additionally, we may experience difficulty separating out portions of, or entire, businesses, incur potential loss of revenue or experience negative impact on margins, or we may not achieve the desired strategic and financial benefits. Such potential transactions may also delay achievement of our strategic objectives, cause us to incur additional expenses, potentially disrupt customer or employee relationships, and expose us to unanticipated or ongoing obligations and liabilities, including as a result of our indemnification obligations. Further, during the pendency of a divestiture, we may be subject to risks related to a decline in the business, loss of employees, customers, or suppliers and the risk that the transaction may not close, any of which would have a material adverse effect on the business to be divested and the Company. If a divestiture is not completed for any reason, we may not be able to find another buyer on the same terms, and we may have incurred significant costs without the corresponding benefit.

Joint ventures and minority investments inherently involve a lesser degree of control over business operations, thereby potentially increasing the financial, legal, operational, regulatory, and/or compliance risks associated with the joint venture or minority investment. In addition, we may be dependent on joint venture partners, controlling shareholders, management, or other persons or entities who control them and who may have business interests, strategies, or goals that are inconsistent with ours. Business decisions or other actions or omissions of the joint venture partners, controlling shareholders,

management, or other persons or entities who control them may adversely affect the value of our investment, result in litigation or regulatory action against us, and may otherwise damage our reputation and brand.

Our services must integrate with a variety of operating systems, and the hardware that enables merchants to accept payment cards must interoperate with third-party mobile devices utilizing those operating systems. If we are unable to ensure that our services or hardware interoperate with such operating systems and devices, our business may be materially and adversely affected.

We are dependent on the ability of our products and services to integrate with a variety of operating systems, as well as web browsers, that we do not control. Any changes in these systems that degrade the functionality of our products and services, impose additional costs or requirements on us, or give preferential treatment to competitive services, including their own services, could materially and adversely affect usage of our products and services. In addition, we rely on app marketplaces, such as the Apple App Store and Google Play, to drive downloads of our mobile apps, such as Square Point of Sale, Square Payroll, Square Invoices, Cash App, and any future apps. Apple, Google, or other operators of app marketplaces regularly make changes to their marketplaces, and those changes may make access to our products and services more difficult. In the event that it is difficult for our customers to access and use our products and services, our business may be materially and adversely affected. Furthermore, Apple, Google, or other operators of app marketplaces regularly provide software updates, and such software updates may not operate effectively with our products and services, which may reduce the demand for our products and services, result in dissatisfaction by our customers, and may materially and adversely affect our business.

In addition, our hardware interoperates with wired and wireless interfaces to mobile devices developed by third parties. For example, the current versions of our magstripe reader plug into an audio jack or a Lightning connector. The use of these connection types could change, and such changes and other potential changes in the design of future mobile devices could limit the interoperability of our hardware and software with such devices and require modifications to our hardware or software. If we are unable to ensure that our hardware and software continue to interoperate effectively with such devices, if doing so is costly, or if existing merchants decide not to utilize additional parts necessary for interoperability, our business may be materially and adversely affected.

Many of our key components are procured from a single or limited number of suppliers. Thus, we are at risk of shortage, price increases, tariffs, changes, delay, or discontinuation of key components, which could disrupt and materially and adversely affect our business.

Many of the key components used to manufacture our products, such as the custom parts of our magstripe reader come from limited or single sources of supply. In addition, in some cases, we rely only on one manufacturer to fabricate, test, and assemble our products. For example, a single manufacturer assembles our magstripe reader and our contactless and chip reader, as well as manufactures those products’ plastic parts with custom tools that we own but that they maintain on their premises. The term of the agreement with that manufacturer automatically renews for consecutive one-year periods unless either party provides notice of non-renewal. In general, our contract manufacturers fabricate or procure components on our behalf, subject to certain approved procedures or supplier lists, and we do not have firm commitments from all of these manufacturers to provide all components, or to provide them in quantities and on timelines that we may require. For example, pursuant to a development and supply agreement, a component supplier provides design, development, customization, and related services for components of the magnetic stripe-reading element in some of our products. The term of the agreement extends through March 2021 and then renews for consecutive one-year periods unless either party provides notice of non-renewal. Similarly, a component provider develops certain application-specific integrated circuits for our products pursuant to our designs and specifications. The term of our agreement with this provider renews for successive two-year terms unless either party provides notice of non-renewal.

Due to our reliance on the components or products produced by suppliers such as these, we are subject to the risk of shortages and long lead times in the supply of certain components or products. Our ongoing efforts to identify alternative manufacturers for the assembly of our products and for many of the single-sourced components used in our products may not be successful. In the case of off-the-shelf components, we are subject to the risk that our suppliers may discontinue or modify them, or that the components may cease to be available on commercially reasonable terms, or at all. We have in the past experienced, and may in the future experience, component shortages or delays or other problems in product assembly, and the availability of these components or products may be difficult to predict. For example, our manufacturers may experience temporary or permanent disruptions in their manufacturing operations due to equipment breakdowns, labor strikes or shortages, natural disasters, the occurrence of a contagious disease or illness, such as COVID-19, component or material shortages, cost increases, acquisitions, insolvency, trade restrictions, changes in legal or regulatory requirements, or other similar problems. In particular, the current COVID-19 pandemic has caused disruptions in our supply chain. If the COVID-19 pandemic continues and results in an extended period of travel, commercial, and other similar restrictions, disruptions in our

supply chain may continue and cause shortages of our hardware products, which would negatively affect our ability to serve and acquire sellers and could materially and adversely impact our financial results. Moreover, our hardware product development has been negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, as our work with manufacturers in China to develop new products and prototypes has been interrupted by factory shutdowns.

Additionally, various sources of supply-chain risk, including strikes or shutdowns at delivery ports or loss of or damage to our products while they are in transit or storage, intellectual property theft, losses due to tampering, third-party vendor issues with quality or sourcing control, failure by our suppliers to comply with applicable laws and regulation, potential tariffs or other trade restrictions, or other similar problems could limit or delay the supply of our products or harm our reputation. In the event of a shortage or supply interruption from suppliers of these components, we may not be able to develop alternate sources quickly, cost-effectively, or at all. Any interruption or delay in manufacturing, component supply, any increases in component costs, or the inability to obtain these parts or components from alternate sources at acceptable prices and within a reasonable amount of time, would harm our ability to provide our products to sellers on a timely basis. This could harm our relationships with our sellers, prevent us from acquiring new sellers, and materially and adversely affect our business.

In September of 2018, the United States imposed tariffs on certain imports from China, including on some of our hardware devices manufactured in China. The tariffs on these products were initially set at 10%, but were increased to 25% in May 2019. On September 1, 2019, the United States imposed new tariffs at 15% on additional imports from China, including on our remaining hardware products manufactured there, but rolled back these new tariffs to 7.5% effective February 14, 2020. The tariffs negatively affect the gross margin on the impacted products, which only partially has been offset by adjustments to the prices of some of the affected products. Any future tariffs and actions related to items imported from China or elsewhere could also negatively impact our gross margin on the impacted products, and increases in our pricing as a result of tariffs would reduce the competitiveness of our products if our competitors do not make similar pricing adjustments. The impact of any increased or new tariffs or other trade restrictions could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of future operations.

Our business could be harmed if we are unable to accurately forecast demand for our products and to adequately manage our product inventory.

We invest broadly in our business, and such investments are driven by our expectations of the future success of a product. For example, our products such as the Square Reader often require investments with long lead times. An inability to correctly forecast the success of a particular product could harm our business. We must forecast inventory needs and expenses and place orders sufficiently in advance with our third-party suppliers and contract manufacturers based on our estimates of future demand for particular products. Our ability to accurately forecast demand for our products could be affected by many factors, including an increase or decrease in demand for our products or for our competitors’ products, unanticipated changes in general market conditions, and a change in economic conditions.

If we underestimate demand for a particular product, our contract manufacturers and suppliers may not be able to deliver sufficient quantities of that product to meet our requirements, and we may experience a shortage of that product available for sale or distribution. If we overestimate demand for a particular product, we may experience excess inventory levels for that product and the excess inventory may become obsolete or out-of-date. Inventory levels in excess of demand may result in inventory write-downs or write-offs and the sale of excess inventory at further discounted prices, which could negatively impact our gross profit and our business.

Square Capital is subject to additional risks relating to the availability of capital, seller payments, availability and structure of its bank partnership, expansion of its products, regulatory obligations, and general macroeconomic conditions.

Square Capital, which includes our wholly owned subsidiary Square Capital, LLC, is subject to risks in addition to those described elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Maintaining and growing Square Capital is dependent on institutional third-party investors purchasing the eligible business loans originated by our bank partner. If such third parties fail to continue to purchase such business loans or reduce the amount of future loans they purchase, then our bank partner may need to reduce originations, or we would need to fund the purchase of additional business loans from our own resources. We then may have to reduce the scale of Square Capital, which could have a direct impact on our ability to grow. Additionally, Square Capital has certain customary repurchase obligations in its loan purchase and servicing agreements with such institutional third party investors for breaches of certain eligibility representations and warranties. If third parties reduce the price they are willing to pay for these business loans or reduce the servicing fees they pay us in exchange for servicing the business loans on their behalf, then the financial performance of Square Capital would be harmed.

The business loans are generally unsecured obligations of our Square sellers who utilize Square Capital, and they are not guaranteed or insured in any way. Adverse changes in macroeconomic conditions or the credit quality of our Square sellers could cause some Square sellers who utilize Square Capital to cease operating or to experience a decline in their payment processing volume, thereby rendering them unable to make payment on the business loan and/or extend the repayment period beyond the contractual repayment terms on the business loan. To the extent a seller breaches a contractual obligation, such as the requirement to make minimum payments or other breach, the seller would be liable for an accelerated business loan repayment, where Square Capital's recourse is to the business and not to any individual or other asset. In addition, because the servicing fees we receive from third party investors depend on the collectability of the business loans, if there is an increase in Square sellers who utilize Square Capital who are unable to make repayment of business loans, we will be unable to collect our entire servicing fee for such loans. While our exposure to loans that we sell to third parties is more limited, we expect that the impact of COVID-19 on loan performance will increase risk loss for our owned loan portfolio.

In addition, adverse changes in macroeconomic conditions, including as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, has led to a decrease in the number of sellers eligible for Square Capital facilitated business loans and strained our ability to correctly identify such sellers on behalf of our bank partner or manage the risk of non-payment or fraud as servicer of the business loans. We have implemented certain additional risk mitigation efforts in order to limit exposure by adjusting eligibility criteria and increasing loan requirements and credit standards. However, if we fail to correctly predict the likelihood of timely repayment of the business loans or correctly price the business loans to sellers utilizing Square Capital, our business may be materially and adversely affected.

We have partnered, on a non-exclusive basis, with a Utah-chartered, member FDIC industrial bank to originate the loans. Such bank may offer products that compete with ours. The bank is subject to oversight both by the FDIC and the State of Utah. Due to the fact that we are a service-provider to our bank partner, we are subject to audit standards for third-party vendors in accordance with FDIC guidance and examinations by the FDIC. There has been, and may continue to be, regulatory interest in and/or litigation challenging partnered lending arrangements where a bank makes loans and then sells and assigns such loans to a non-bank entity that is engaged in assisting with the origination and servicing of the loan. If our bank partner ceases to partner with us, ceases to abide by the terms of our agreement with them, or cannot partner with us on commercially reasonable terms, and we are not able to find suitable alternatives and/or make business loans ourselves pursuant to state licensing requirements, Square Capital may need to enter into a new partnership with another qualified financial institution or pursue an alternative model for originating business loans, all of which may be time-consuming and costly and/or lead to a loss of institutional third-party investors willing to purchase such business loans, and as a result Square Capital may be materially and adversely affected.

We intend to continue to explore other products, models, and structures for Square Capital, including forming a Utah industrial bank and other forms of credit and loan products. On March 17, 2020, the Board of Directors of the FDIC approved an application for Federal deposit insurance for Square Financial Services, Inc., an industrial bank that Square Capital is in the process of establishing but is not yet operational. Some of those models or structures may require, or be deemed to require, additional data, procedures, partnerships, licenses, regulatory approvals, or capabilities that we have not yet obtained or developed. The licenses required in connection with our lending program and other activities related to the Square Capital program subject us to reporting requirements, bonding requirements, and inspection by applicable state regulatory agencies. In addition, while there can be no assurances that the industrial bank will become operational, the FDIC’s approval is contingent on Square entering into agreements that require it to provide financial support to the industrial bank and impose certain other obligations on Square once the industrial bank is operational. Jack Dorsey, who is considered Square’s controlling shareholder in this context, also agreed to cause Square to perform under these agreements. Should we fail to expand and evolve Square Capital in a successful manner, or should these new products, models or structures, or new regulations or interpretations of existing regulations, impose requirements on us that are impractical or that we cannot satisfy, the future growth and success of Square Capital may be materially and adversely affected.

Our business is subject to extensive regulation and oversight in a variety of areas, all of which are subject to change and uncertain interpretation.

We are subject to a wide variety of local, state, federal, and international laws, regulations, licensing schemes, and industry standards in the United States and in other countries in which we operate. These laws, regulations, and standards govern numerous areas that are important to our business, and include, or may in the future include, those relating to banking, lending, deposit-taking, cross-border and domestic money transmission, foreign exchange, payments services (such as payment processing and settlement services), cryptocurrency, trading in shares and fractional shares, consumer protection, anti-money laundering, escheatment, international sanctions regimes, data privacy and security, and compliance with the Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard, a set of requirements designed to ensure that all companies that process, store, or transmit payment card information maintain a secure environment to protect cardholder data.

These laws, rules, regulations, and standards are enforced by multiple authorities and governing bodies in the United States, including federal agencies, such as the FDIC, self-regulatory organizations, and numerous state and local agencies. Outside of the United States, we are subject to additional regulators. As we expand into new jurisdictions, or expand our product offerings in existing jurisdictions, the number of foreign regulations and regulators governing our business will expand as well. In addition, as our business and products continue to develop and expand, we may become subject to additional rules, regulations, and industry standards. We may not always be able to accurately predict the scope or applicability of certain regulations to our business, particularly as we expand into new areas of operations, which could have a significant negative effect on our existing business and our ability to pursue future plans.

Laws, regulations, and standards are subject to changes and evolving interpretations and application, including by means of legislative changes and/or executive orders, and it can be difficult to predict how they may be applied to our business and the way we conduct our operations, particularly as we introduce new products and services and expand into new jurisdictions.

For example, Cash App includes a feature that permits our customers to buy and sell bitcoin. Bitcoin is not considered legal tender or backed by any government, and it has experienced price volatility, technological glitches, security compromises, and various law enforcement and regulatory interventions. The regulation of cryptocurrency and crypto platforms is still an evolving area, and it is possible that we could become subject to additional regulations. If we fail to comply with regulations or prohibitions applicable to us, we could face regulatory or other enforcement actions and potential fines and other consequences. Further, we might not be able to continue operating the feature, at least in current form, which could cause the price of our Class A common stock to decrease.

Although we have a compliance program focused on the laws, rules, and regulations applicable to our business, we may still be subject to fines or other penalties in one or more jurisdictions levied by regulators, including state Attorneys General and private plaintiffs who may be acting as private attorneys general pursuant to various applicable laws, as well as those levied by foreign regulators. In addition to fines, penalties for failing to comply with applicable rules and regulations could include significant criminal and civil lawsuits, forfeiture of significant assets, increased licensure requirements, or other enforcement actions. We could also be required to make changes to our business practices or compliance programs as a result of regulatory scrutiny. In addition, any perceived or actual breach of compliance by us with respect to applicable laws, rules, and regulations could have a significant impact on our reputation as a trusted brand and could cause us to lose existing customers, prevent us from obtaining new customers, require us to expend significant funds to remedy problems caused by breaches and to avert further breaches, and expose us to legal risk and potential liability.

Further, from time to time, we may leverage third parties to help conduct our businesses in the U.S. or abroad. We and our third-party intermediaries may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or state-owned or affiliated entities and may be held liable for any corrupt or other illegal activities of these third-party business partners and intermediaries, our employees, partners, and agents, even if we do not explicitly authorize such activities. While we have policies and procedures to address compliance with such laws, we cannot assure you that our employees and agents will not take actions in violation of our policies and applicable law, for which we may be ultimately held responsible.

Our business is subject to complex and evolving regulations and oversight related to privacy and data protection.

We are subject to laws and regulations relating to the collection, use, retention, privacy, security, and transfer of information, including personally identifiable information of our employees and customers. As with the other laws and regulations noted above, these laws and regulations may change or be interpreted and applied differently over time and from jurisdiction to jurisdiction, and it is possible they will be interpreted and applied in ways that will materially and adversely affect our business. For example, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) imposes more stringent data privacy and data protection requirements than prior EU data protection law and provides for greater penalties for noncompliance of up to the greater of 4% of worldwide annual revenue or €20 million. To address data transfers from the EU to other jurisdictions, we in certain cases utilize model contracts approved by the EU Commission. These model contracts have been legally challenged, and it is possible that they will be voided or modified, which could materially impact our ability to transfer personal data from the EU to other jurisdictions. In the United Kingdom, although a Data Protection Act substantially implements the GDPR, uncertainty remains regarding how data transfers to and from the U.K. will be regulated. The U.K.’s exit from the EU has created uncertainty with regard to the regulation of data protection in the U.K. and data transfers between the U.K., the EU, and other jurisdictions and could require us to make additional changes to the way we conduct our business and transmit data between the U.S., the U.K., the EU, and the rest of the world. In addition, some countries are considering or

have enacted legislation requiring local storage and processing of data that could increase the cost and complexity of delivering our services.

Likewise, the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 (CCPA) became effective on January 1, 2020. The CCPA imposes stringent data privacy and data protection requirements for the data of California residents, and provides for penalties for noncompliance of up to $7,500 per violation. It remains unclear how various provisions of the CCPA will be interpreted and enforced. More generally, data privacy and security continues to be a rapidly evolving area, and further legislative activity has arisen and will likely continue to arise in the U.S., the EU, and other jurisdictions. For example, a California ballot initiative that builds upon CCPA has been introduced for the November 2020 election, other states in the U.S. have proposed or enacted laws regarding privacy and data protection that contain obligations similar to the CCPA, and the federal government is contemplating federal privacy legislation. In addition, laws and regulations directed at privacy and data security, and those that have been applied in those areas, may be subject to evolving interpretations or applications. The effects of recently proposed or enacted legislation, including CCPA, potentially are far-reaching and may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply.

We have incurred, and may continue to incur, significant expenses to comply with evolving privacy and security standards and protocols imposed by law, regulation, industry standards, shifting consumer expectations, or contractual obligations. In particular, with laws and regulations such as the GDPR in the EU and the CCPA in the U.S. imposing new and relatively burdensome obligations, and with substantial uncertainty over the interpretation and application of these and other laws and regulations, we may face challenges in addressing their requirements and making necessary changes to our policies and practices, and we may incur significant costs and expenses in an effort to do so. Any failure, real or perceived, by us to comply with our privacy, data protection, or information security policies, changing consumer expectations, or with any evolving regulatory requirements, industry standards, or contractual obligations could cause our customers to reduce their use of our products and services, disrupt our supply chain or third party vendor or developer partnerships, and materially and adversely affect our business.

As a licensed money transmitter, we are subject to important obligations and restrictions.

We have obtained licenses to operate as a money transmitter (or its equivalent) in the United States and in the states where this is required. As a licensed money transmitter, we are subject to obligations and restrictions with respect to the investment of customer funds, reporting requirements, bonding requirements, and inspection by state regulatory agencies concerning those aspects of our business considered money transmission. Evaluation of our compliance efforts, as well as the questions of whether and to what extent our products and services are considered money transmission, are matters of regulatory interpretation and could change over time. In the past, we have been subject to fines and other penalties by regulatory authorities due to their interpretations and applications to our business of their respective state money transmission laws. In the future, as a result of the regulations applicable to our business, we could be subject to investigations and resulting liability, including governmental fines, restrictions on our business, or other sanctions, and we could be forced to cease conducting business in certain jurisdictions, be forced to otherwise change our business practices in certain jurisdictions, or be required to obtain additional licenses or regulatory approvals. There can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain any such licenses, and, even if we were able to do so, there could be substantial costs and potential product changes involved in maintaining such licenses, which could have a material and adverse effect on our business.

Our subsidiary Cash App Investing is a broker-dealer registered with the SEC and a member of FINRA, and therefore is subject to extensive regulation and scrutiny.

Our subsidiary Cash App Investing facilitates transactions in shares and fractionalized shares of publicly-traded stock by users of our Cash App through a third-party clearing and carrying broker, DriveWealth LLC (“DriveWealth”). Cash App Investing is registered with the SEC as a broker-dealer under the Exchange Act and is a member of FINRA. Therefore Cash App Investing is subject to regulation, examination, and supervision by the SEC and FINRA. The regulations applicable to broker-dealers cover all aspects of the securities business, including sales practices, use and safekeeping of clients’ funds and securities, capital adequacy, record-keeping, and the conduct and qualification of officers, employees, and independent contractors. As part of the regulatory process, broker-dealers are subject to periodic examinations by their regulators, the purpose of which is to determine compliance with securities laws and regulations, and from time to time may be subject to additional routine and for-cause examinations. It is not uncommon for regulators to assert, upon completion of an examination, that the broker-dealer being examined has violated certain of these rules and regulations. Depending on the nature and extent of the violations, the broker-dealer may be required to pay a fine and/or be subject to other forms of disciplinary action. Additionally, the adverse publicity arising from the imposition of sanctions could harm our reputation and cause us to lose existing customers or fail to gain new customers.

The SEC, FINRA, and state regulators have the authority to bring administrative or judicial proceedings against broker-dealers, whether arising out of examinations or otherwise, for violations of the securities laws. Administrative sanctions can include cease-and-desist orders, censure, fines, and disgorgement and may even result in the suspension or expulsion of the firm from the securities industry. Similar sanctions may be imposed upon officers, directors, representatives, and employees.

Cash App Investing has adopted, and regularly reviews and updates, various policies, controls, and procedures designed for compliance with Cash App Investing’s obligations. However, appropriately addressing these issues is complex and difficult and our reputation could be damaged if we fail, or appear to fail, to appropriately address them. Failure to adhere to these policies and procedures may also result in regulatory sanctions or litigation against us. Cash App Investing also relies on the services of various third parties, including DriveWealth, to manage and execute customer orders, and failure of these third parties to adequately perform these services may negatively impact customer experience, product performance, and our reputation and may also result in regulatory sanctions or litigation against us or Cash App Investing.

In the event of any regulatory action or scrutiny, we or Cash App Investing could also be required to make changes to our business practices or compliance programs. In addition, any perceived or actual breach of compliance by Cash App Investing with respect to applicable laws, rules, and regulations could have a significant impact on our reputation, could cause us to lose existing customers, prevent us from obtaining new customers, require us to expend significant funds to remedy problems caused by breaches and to avert further breaches, and expose us to legal risk and potential liability.

Cash App Investing is subject to net capital and other regulatory capital requirements; failure to comply with these rules could harm our business.

Our subsidiary Cash App Investing is subject to the net capital requirements of the SEC and FINRA. These requirements typically specify the minimum level of net capital a broker-dealer must maintain and also mandate that a significant part of its assets be kept in relatively liquid form. Failure to maintain the required net capital may subject a firm to limitation of its activities, including suspension or revocation of its registration by the SEC and suspension or expulsion by FINRA, and ultimately may require its liquidation. Currently, Cash App Investing has relatively low net capital requirements, because it does not hold customer funds or securities, but instead facilitates the transmission and delivery of those funds on behalf of customers to DriveWealth or back to the applicable customer. However, a change in the net capital rules, a change in how Cash App Investing handles or holds customer assets, or the imposition of new rules affecting the scope, coverage, calculation, or amount of net capital requirements could have adverse effects. Finally, because Cash App Investing is subject to such net capital requirements, we may be required to inject additional capital into Cash App Investing from time to time and as such, we may have liability and/or our larger business may be affected by any of these outcomes.

It is possible that FINRA will require changes to our business practices based on our ownership of Cash App Investing, which could impose additional costs or disrupt our business.

In certain cases, FINRA has required unregistered affiliates of broker-dealers to comply with additional regulatory requirements, including, among others, handling all securities or other financial transactions through the affiliated broker-dealer or conforming all marketing and advertising materials to the requirements applicable to broker-dealers. We do not currently believe that these types of requirements apply to any aspect of our business other than the securities transactions facilitated through the Cash App. It is possible that, in the future, FINRA could require us to comply with additional regulations in the conduct of other activities (i.e., beyond the securities transactions made through the Cash App). If that were to occur, it could require significant changes to our business practices. These and other changes would impose significantly greater costs on us and disrupt existing practices in ways that could negatively affect our overarching business and profitability.

We are subject to risks related to litigation, including intellectual property claims, government investigations or inquiries, and regulatory matters or disputes.

We may be, and have been, subject to claims, lawsuits (including class actions and individual lawsuits), government or regulatory investigations, subpoenas, inquiries or audits, and other proceedings. The number and significance of our legal disputes and inquiries have increased as we have grown larger, as our business has expanded in scope and geographic reach, and as our products and services have increased in complexity, and we expect that we will continue to face additional legal disputes as we continue to grow and expand. We also receive significant media attention, which could result in increased litigation or other legal or regulatory proceedings.

Some of the laws and regulations affecting the internet, mobile commerce, payment processing, business financing, and employment did not anticipate businesses like ours, and many of the laws and regulations, including those affecting us have been enacted relatively recently. As a result, there is substantial uncertainty regarding the scope and application of many of the laws and regulations to which we are subject, which increases the risk that we will be subject to claims alleging violations of those laws and regulations. Evolving case law and legislation over worker classification, including California Assembly Bill 5, increases litigation in this area and may have ramifications as to how we operate certain segments of our business and our engagement with independent contractors. For example, a determination in, or settlement of, any legal proceeding involving us or others that determines that workers of the type we maintain are independent contractors instead are employees could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations, including, but not necessarily limited to, as a result of monetary exposure arising from or relating to penalties, defense costs, taxes, wages, and other matters, as well as potential costs of such workers unionizing or attempting to unionize.

The scope, outcome, and impact of claims, lawsuits, government or regulatory investigations, subpoenas, inquiries or audits, and other proceedings to which we are subject cannot be predicted with certainty. Regardless of the outcome, such investigations and legal proceedings can have a material and adverse impact on us due to their costs, diversion of our resources, and other factors. Plaintiffs may seek, and we may become subject to, preliminary or provisional rulings in the course of litigation, including preliminary injunctions requiring us to cease some or all of our operations. We may decide to settle legal disputes on terms that are unfavorable to us. We may also be accused of having, or be found to have, infringed or violated third-party intellectual property rights. Furthermore, if any litigation to which we are a party is resolved adversely, we may be subject to an unfavorable judgment that we may not choose to appeal or that may not be reversed upon appeal. We may have to seek a license to continue practices found to be in violation of a third party’s rights, or we may have to change or cease certain practices. If we are required, or choose to enter into, royalty or licensing arrangements, such arrangements may not be available on reasonable terms or at all and may significantly increase our operating costs and expenses. As a result, we may also be required to develop or procure alternative non-infringing technology or discontinue use of technology, and doing so could require significant effort and expense or may not be feasible. In addition, the terms of any settlement or judgment in connection with any legal claims, lawsuits, or proceedings may require us to cease some or all of our operations or to pay substantial amounts to the other party and could materially and adversely affect our business.

Our intellectual property rights are valuable, and any inability to protect them could reduce the value of our products, services, and brand.

Our trade secrets, trademarks, copyrights, patents, and other intellectual property rights are critical to our success. We rely on, and expect to continue to rely on, a combination of confidentiality, invention assignment, and license agreements with our employees, consultants, and third parties with whom we have relationships, as well as trademark, trade dress, domain name, copyright, trade secret, and patent rights, to protect our brand and other intellectual property rights. However, various events outside of our control may pose a threat to our intellectual property rights, as well as to our products and services. Effective protection of intellectual property rights is expensive and difficult to maintain, both in terms of application and maintenance costs, as well as the costs of defending and enforcing those rights. The efforts we have taken to protect our intellectual property rights may not be sufficient or effective. Our intellectual property rights may be infringed, misappropriated, or challenged, which could result in them being narrowed in scope or declared invalid or unenforceable. Similarly, our reliance on unpatented proprietary information and technology, such as trade secrets and confidential information, depends in part on agreements we have in place with employees and third parties that place restrictions on the use and disclosure of this intellectual property. These agreements may be insufficient or may be breached, or we may not enter into sufficient agreements with such individuals in the first instance, in either case potentially resulting in the unauthorized use or disclosure of our trade secrets and other intellectual property, including to our competitors, which could cause us to lose any competitive advantage resulting from this intellectual property. Individuals not subject to invention assignment agreements may make adverse ownership claims to our current and future intellectual property. There can be no assurance that our intellectual property rights will be sufficient to protect against others offering products or services that are substantially similar to ours and that compete with our business.

As of March 31, 2020, we had 728 issued patents in force in the United States and abroad and 550 filed patent applications pending in the United States and abroad, though there can be no assurance that any or all of these pending applications will ultimately be issued as patents. We also pursue registration of copyrights, trademarks, and domain names in the United States and in certain jurisdictions outside of the United States, but doing so may not always be successful or cost-effective. In general, we may be unable or, in some instances, choose not to obtain legal protection for our intellectual property, and our existing and future intellectual property rights may not provide us with competitive advantages or distinguish our products and services from those of our competitors. The laws of some foreign countries do not protect our intellectual property rights to the same extent as the laws of the United States, and effective intellectual property protection and mechanisms may not be available in those jurisdictions. We may need to expend additional resources to defend our intellectual

property in these countries, and the inability to do so could impair our business or adversely affect our international expansion. Our intellectual property rights may be contested, circumvented, or found unenforceable or invalid, and we may not be able to prevent third parties from infringing, diluting, or otherwise violating them. Additionally, our intellectual property rights and other confidential business information are subject to risks of compromise or unauthorized disclosure if our security measures or those of our third-party service providers are unable to prevent cyber-attacks. Significant impairments of our intellectual property rights, and limitations on our ability to assert our intellectual property rights against others, could have a material and adverse effect on our business.

We may not be able to secure financing on favorable terms, or at all, to meet our future capital needs, and our existing credit facility contains, and any future debt financing may contain, covenants that impact the operation of our business and pursuit of business opportunities.

We have funded our operations since inception primarily through debt and equity financings, bank credit facilities, and finance lease arrangements. While we believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, marketable debt securities, and availability under our line of credit are sufficient to meet our working capital needs and planned capital expenditures, and service our debt, there is no guarantee that this will continue to be true in the future. In the future, we may require additional capital to respond to business opportunities, refinancing needs, business and financial challenges, regulatory surety bond requirements, acquisitions, or unforeseen circumstances and may decide to engage in equity, equity-linked, or debt financings or enter into additional credit facilities for other reasons. We may not be able to secure any such additional financing or refinancing on favorable terms, in a timely manner, or at all. If we are unable to obtain adequate financing or financing on terms satisfactory to us when we require it, our ability to continue to grow or support our business and to respond to business challenges could be significantly limited.

Our credit facility contains affirmative and negative covenants, including customary limitations on the incurrence of certain indebtedness and liens, restrictions on certain inter-company transactions, and limitations on dividends and stock repurchases. Any debt financing obtained by us in the future could also involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital-raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to operate our business, obtain additional capital, and pursue business opportunities, including potential acquisitions. Our ability to comply with these covenants may be affected by events beyond our control, and breaches of these covenants could result in a default under our existing credit facility and any future financing agreements into which we may enter. If not waived, these defaults could cause indebtedness outstanding under our credit facility, our other outstanding indebtedness, including our 2022 Notes, 2023 Notes, and 2025 Notes (collectively, the Notes) and any future financing agreements that we may enter into to become immediately due and payable.

If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or other securities convertible into equity, including convertible debt securities, our existing stockholders could suffer dilution in their percentage ownership of our company, and any such securities we issue could have rights, preferences, and privileges senior to those of holders of our Class A common stock.

Servicing our Notes may require a significant amount of cash, and we may not have sufficient cash or the ability to raise the funds necessary to settle conversions of the Notes in cash, repay the Notes at maturity, or repurchase the Notes as required following a fundamental change.

As of March 31, 2020, we had $186.3 million outstanding aggregate principal amount of 2022 Notes, and $862.5 million aggregate principal amount of 2023 Notes, and $1.0 billion outstanding aggregate principal amount of 2025 Notes.

Prior to December 1, 2021, in the case of the 2022 Notes, February 15, 2023, in the case of the 2023 Notes, and December 1, 2024, in the case of the 2025 Notes, the applicable Notes are convertible at the option of the holders only under certain conditions or upon occurrence of certain events. Because the last reported sale price of our Class A common stock exceeded 130% of the conversion price for the 2022 Notes for the relevant period in the calendar quarter ending March 31, 2020, the 2022 Notes are convertible at the option of the holders thereof during the calendar quarter ending June 30, 2020. Whether the Notes of any series will be convertible following such calendar quarter will depend on the satisfaction of this condition or another conversion condition in the future. If holders of the Notes of a series elect to convert such Notes, unless we elect to deliver solely shares of our Class A common stock to settle such conversion, we will be required to make cash payments in respect of the Notes being converted. Effective October 2018, we revised our prior stated policy of settling conversions of the 2022 Notes and 2023 Notes through combination settlement with a specified dollar amount of $1,000 per $1,000 principal amount of Notes. We currently expect to settle future conversions of Notes of any series solely in shares of our Class A common stock, which has the effect of including the shares of Class A common stock issuable upon conversion of

the Notes of such series in our diluted earnings per share to the extent such shares are not anti-dilutive. We will reevaluate this policy from time to time as conversion notices are received from holders of the Notes.

In addition, holders of each series of Notes also have the right to require us to repurchase all or a portion of their Notes of such series upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the applicable indenture governing the Notes) at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest. If the Notes of any series have not previously been converted or repurchased, we will be required to repay such Notes in cash at maturity.

Our ability to make required cash payments in connection with conversions of the Notes, repurchase the Notes in the event of a fundamental change, or to repay or refinance the Notes at maturity will depend on market conditions and our future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive, and other factors beyond our control. We also may not use the cash proceeds we raised through the issuance of the Notes in an optimally productive and profitable manner. Since inception, our business has generated net losses, and we may continue to incur significant losses. As a result, we may not have enough available cash or be able to obtain financing at the time we are required to repurchase or repay the Notes or pay cash with respect to Notes being converted.

In addition, our ability to repurchase or to pay cash upon conversion or at maturity of the Notes may be limited by law or regulatory authority. Our failure to repurchase Notes following a fundamental change or to pay cash upon conversion (unless we elect to deliver solely shares of our Class A common stock to settle such conversion) or at maturity of the Notes as required by the applicable indenture would constitute a default under such indenture. A default under the applicable indenture or the fundamental change itself could also lead to a default under our credit facility, our other outstanding indebtedness, or agreements governing our future indebtedness and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. If the payment of the related indebtedness were to be accelerated after any applicable notice or grace periods, we may not have sufficient funds to repay the indebtedness and repurchase the Notes or to pay cash upon conversion or at maturity of the Notes.

We are subject to counterparty risk with respect to the convertible note hedge transactions.

In connection with the issuance of the 2022 Notes, the 2023 Notes, and the 2025 Notes, we entered into convertible note hedge transactions with certain financial institutions, which we refer to as the "option counterparties." The option counterparties are financial institutions or affiliates of financial institutions, and we will be subject to the risk that one or more of such option counterparties may default under the convertible note hedge transactions. Our exposure to the credit risk of the option counterparties will not be secured by any collateral. If any option counterparty becomes subject to insolvency proceedings, we will become an unsecured creditor in those proceedings with a claim equal to our exposure at that time under the convertible note hedge transaction. Our exposure will depend on many factors but, generally, the increase in our exposure will be correlated to the increase in our Class A common stock market price and in the volatility of the market price of our Class A common stock. In addition, upon a default by any option counterparty, we may suffer adverse tax consequences and dilution with respect to our Class A common stock. We can provide no assurance as to the financial stability or viability of any option counterparty.

Our reported financial statements and results may be materially and adversely affected by changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States are subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB), the SEC, and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported financial statements and results and could materially and adversely affect the transactions completed before the announcement of a change. Additionally, the adoption of new or revised accounting principles may require that we make significant changes to our systems, processes, and controls.

If currency exchange rates fluctuate substantially in the future, our financial results, which are reported in U.S. dollars, could be adversely affected.

As we continue to expand our global operations, we become more exposed to the effects of fluctuations in currency exchange rates. Our contracts are denominated primarily in U.S. dollars, and therefore the majority of our revenue is not subject to foreign currency risk. However, fluctuations in exchange rates of the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition. We incur expenses for employee compensation and other operating expenses at our non-U.S. locations in the local currency. Fluctuations in the exchange rates between the

U.S. dollar and other currencies could result in the dollar equivalent of such expenses being higher. This could have a negative impact on our reported results of operations. From time to time, we may enter into forward contracts, options, and/or foreign exchange swaps related to specific transaction exposures that arise in the normal course of our business, though we are not currently a party to any such hedging transactions. These and other such hedging activities may not eliminate our exposure to foreign exchange fluctuations. Moreover, the use of hedging instruments may introduce additional risks if we are unable to structure effective hedges with such instruments.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Common Stock

The dual class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control within our stockholders who held our stock prior to our initial public offering, including many of our employees and directors and their affiliates; this will limit or preclude your ability to influence corporate matters.

Our Class B common stock has ten votes per share, and our Class A common stock has one vote per share. Stockholders who hold shares of Class B common stock, including many of our executive officers, employees, and directors and their affiliates, held approximately 68.9% of the voting power of our combined outstanding capital stock as of March 31, 2020. Our executive officers and directors and their affiliates held approximately 69.4% of the voting power of our combined outstanding capital stock as of March 31, 2020. Because of the ten-to-one voting ratio between our Class B and Class A common stock, the holders of our Class B common stock collectively hold more than a majority of the combined voting power of our common stock, and therefore such holders are able to control all matters submitted to our stockholders for approval. When the shares of our Class B common stock represent less than 5% of the combined voting power of our Class A common stock and Class B common stock, the then-outstanding shares of Class B common stock will automatically convert into shares of Class A common stock.

Transfers by holders of Class B common stock will generally result in those shares converting to Class A common stock, subject to limited exceptions. Such conversions of Class B common stock to Class A common stock upon transfer will have the effect, over time, of increasing the relative voting power of those holders of Class B common stock who retain their shares in the long term. If, for example, our Class B stockholders retain shares of Class B common stock constituting as little as 10% of all outstanding shares of our Class A and Class B common stock combined, they will continue to control a majority of the combined voting power of our outstanding capital stock.

If we are unable to maintain effective disclosure controls and internal controls over financial reporting, investors may lose confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, and the market price of our Class A common stock may be materially and adversely affected.

We are continuing to develop and refine our disclosure controls and improve our internal controls over financial reporting. We have expended, and anticipate that we will continue to expend, significant resources in order to maintain and improve the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting.

Our current controls and any new controls that we develop may become inadequate because of changes in conditions in our business. Further, to the extent we acquire other businesses, the acquired company may not have a sufficiently robust system of internal controls and we may discover deficiencies. If we identify material weaknesses in our disclosure controls or internal control over financial reporting in the future, we will be unable to assert that our internal controls are effective. If we are unable to do so, or if our auditors are unable to attest to management’s report on the effectiveness of our internal controls, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which could cause the price of our Class A common stock to decline. In the past, we have identified significant deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting and have taken steps to remediate such deficiencies. However, such efforts may not be effective or prevent any future deficiency in our internal controls. Any failure to maintain effective disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting could have a material and adverse effect on our business and operating results and cause a decline in the market price of our Class A common stock.

The market price of our Class A common stock has been and will likely continue to be volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

The market price of our Class A common stock has been and may continue to be subject to wide fluctuations in response to various factors, some of which are beyond our control and may not be related to our operating performance. In addition to the factors discussed in this “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, factors that could cause fluctuations in the market price of our Class A common stock include the following:

•price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time to time;

•general economic, regulatory, and market conditions, in particular conditions that adversely affect our sellers’ business and the amount of transactions they are processing;

•public health crises and related measures to protect the public health, such as the COVID-19 pandemic;

•volatility in the market prices and trading volumes of companies in our industry or companies that investors consider comparable;

•changes in operating performance and stock market valuations of other companies generally or of those in our industry in particular;

•sales of shares of our common stock by us or our stockholders;

•issuance of shares of our Class A common stock, whether in connection with an acquisition or upon conversion of some or all of our outstanding Notes;

•reports by securities or industry analysts that are interpreted either negatively or positively by investors, failure of securities analysts to maintain coverage and/or to provide accurate consensus results of us, changes in financial estimates by securities analysts who follow us, or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of investors;

•the financial or other projections we may provide to the public, any changes in those projections, or our failure to meet those projections;

•announcements by us or our competitors of new products or services;

•public reaction to our press releases, other public announcements, and filings with the SEC;

•rumors and market speculation involving us or other companies in our industry;

•actual or anticipated changes in our results of operations;

•actual or perceived data security incidents that we or our service providers may suffer;

•actual or anticipated developments in our business, our competitors’ businesses, or the competitive landscape generally;

•seasonality in our business or our sellers' business, including seasonal fluctuations in the amount of transactions our sellers are processing; and

•from time to time we make investments in equity that is, or may become, publicly held, and we may experience volatility due to changes in the market prices of such equity investments.

In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against these companies. This litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our management’s attention and resources.

The convertible note hedge and warrant transactions may affect the value of our Class A common stock.

In connection with the issuance of the 2022 Notes, the 2023 Notes, and the 2025 Notes, we entered into convertible note hedge transactions with the option counterparties. We also entered into warrant transactions with the option counterparties pursuant to which we sold warrants for the purchase of our Class A common stock. The convertible note hedge transactions are expected generally to reduce the potential dilution to our Class A common stock upon any conversion of the Notes and/or offset any cash payments we are required to make in excess of the principal amount of converted Notes, as the case may be. The warrant transactions would separately have a dilutive effect to the extent that the market price per share of our Class A common stock exceeds the strike price of any warrants unless, subject to the terms of the warrant transactions, we elect to cash settle the warrants.

From time to time, the option counterparties or their respective affiliates may modify their hedge positions by entering into or unwinding various derivative transactions with respect to our Class A common stock and/or purchasing or selling our Class A common stock or other securities of ours in secondary market transactions prior to the maturity of the Notes. This activity could cause or avoid an increase or a decrease in the market price of our Class A common stock.

Anti-takeover provisions contained in our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our amended and restated bylaws, and provisions of Delaware law could impair a takeover attempt.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, our amended and restated bylaws, and Delaware law contain provisions that could have the effect of rendering more difficult, delaying, or preventing an acquisition deemed undesirable by our board of directors and therefore depress the trading price of our Class A common stock.

Among other things, our dual-class common stock structure provides our holders of Class B common stock with the ability to significantly influence the outcome of matters requiring stockholder approval, even if they own significantly less than a majority of the shares of our outstanding shares of common stock. Further, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws include provisions (i) creating a classified board of directors whose members serve staggered three-year terms; (ii) authorizing “blank check” preferred stock, which could be issued by our board of directors without stockholder approval and may contain voting, liquidation, dividend, and other rights superior to our common stock; (iii) limiting the ability of our stockholders to call special meetings; (iv) eliminating the ability of our stockholders to act by written consent without a meeting or to remove directors without cause; and (v) requiring advance notice of stockholder proposals for business to be conducted at meetings of our stockholders and for nominations of candidates for election to our board of directors. These provisions, alone or together, could delay or prevent hostile takeovers and changes in control or changes in our management.

As a Delaware corporation, we are also subject to provisions of Delaware law, including Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which prevents certain stockholders holding more than 15% of our outstanding capital stock from engaging in certain business combinations without the approval of our board of directors or the holders of at least two-thirds of our outstanding capital stock not held by such stockholder.

Any provision of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation, amended and restated bylaws, or Delaware law that has the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control could limit the opportunity for our stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of our capital stock and could also affect the price that some investors are willing to pay for our Class A common stock.

Our amended and restated bylaws provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware will be the sole and exclusive forum for substantially all disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or employees.

Our amended and restated bylaws provide that, unless we consent to the selection of an alternative forum, the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the sole and exclusive forum for (i) any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf; (ii) any action asserting a claim of breach of fiduciary duty owed by any of our directors, officers, or other employees to us or to our stockholders; (iii) any action asserting a claim arising pursuant to the Delaware General Corporation Law; or (iv) any action asserting a claim governed by the internal affairs doctrine. The choice of forum provision may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers, or other employees, which may discourage such lawsuits against us and our directors, officers, and other employees. Alternatively, if a court were to find the choice of forum provision contained in our amended and restated bylaws to be inapplicable or unenforceable in an action, we may incur additional costs associated with resolving such action in other jurisdictions, which could have a material and adverse impact on our business.

We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

We currently intend to retain any future earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not expect to declare or pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. As a result, you may only receive a return on your investment in our common stock if the trading price of our common stock increases. Investors seeking cash dividends should not purchase shares of our common stock. Our ability to pay dividends is restricted by the terms of our revolving credit facility and is also subject to limitations imposed by certain financial regulations.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

During the three months ended March 31, 2020, we issued a total of 191,041 shares of our Class A common stock in connection with the acquisition of a technology company, pursuant to exemptions from registration provided by Section 4(a)(2).

Purchases of Equity Securities by the Company and Affiliated Purchasers


Period	Total number of Shares purchased	Average price paid per share		Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs	Maximum number (or approximate dollar value) of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs
January 1 to January 31	11,378⁽ⁱ⁾	$	62.56	—	—
February 1 to February 29	13,379⁽ⁱ⁾	$	74.69
March 1 to March 31	—	—		—	—
Total	24,757	$	69.12	—	—

⁽ⁱ⁾Represents shares that have been withheld by the Company to satisfy its tax withholding and remittance obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock awards.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

Item 5. Other Information

Not applicable.

Item 6. Exhibits

The documents listed in the Exhibit Index of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are incorporated by reference or are filed with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (numbered in accordance with Item 601 of Regulation S-K).

EXHIBIT INDEX


		Incorporated by Reference
Exhibit Number	Description	Form	File No.	Exhibit	Filing Date








4.1	Indenture, dated March 5, 2020, by and between Square, Inc. and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A.	8-K	001-37622	4.1	March 5, 2020
4.2	Form of 0.125% Convertible Senior Note due 2025 (included in Exhibit 4.1).	8-K	001-37622	4.2	March 5, 2020
10.1+	Form of Change of Control and Severance Agreement between the Company and certain of its executive officers and senior management.	8-K	001-37622	10.1	January 31, 2020
10.2	Third Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of March 2, 2020, among Square, Inc., the lenders party thereto, and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent.	8-K	001-37622	10.1	March 2, 2020
10.3	Purchase Agreement, dated March 2, 2020, by and between Square, Inc. and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC.	8-K	001-37622	10.1	March 5, 2020
10.4	Form of Convertible Note Hedge Confirmation.	8-K	001-37622	10.2	March 5, 2020
10.5	Form of Warrant Confirmation.	8-K	001-37622	10.3	March 5, 2020
31.1	Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1†	Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101	The following financial statements from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
104	Cover Page Interactive Data File, formatted in Inline XBRL (included in Exhibit 101)

+ Indicates management contract or compensatory plan.

† The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 that accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are deemed furnished and not filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of Square, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

SQUARE, INC.

Date:

May 6, 2020

By:

/s/ Jack Dorsey

Jack Dorsey

President, Chief Executive Officer, and Chairman

(Principal Executive Officer)

By:

/s/ Amrita Ahuja

Amrita Ahuja

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer)