CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2020 July (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

FORM 10-Q

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

(Mark One)


☑			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended July 31, 2020


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-38933

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Delaware

45-3788918

(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer
Identification Number)

150 Mathilda Place, Suite 300, Sunnyvale, California 94086

(Address of principal executive offices)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class of securities	Trading symbol(s)	Name of each national exchange and principal U.S. market for the securities
Class A common stock, par value $0.0005 per share	CRWD	The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC
			(Nasdaq Global Select Market)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (888) 512-8906 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files) Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.


Large Accelerated Filer	☐	Accelerated Filer	☐
Non-accelerated Filer	☑	Smaller reporting company	☐
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)		Emerging growth company	☑

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

As of August 31, 2020, the number of shares of the registrant’s Class A common stock outstanding was 184,410,223, and the number of shares of the registrant’s Class B common stock outstanding was 35,038,535.

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CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC.

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		Page No.
	PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020	5
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019	6
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Three and Six Months Ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019	7
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the Three and Six Months Ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019	8
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three and Six Months Ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019	10
	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	11
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	32
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	53
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	53

	PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	55
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	55
Item 2.	Unregistered Shares of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	85
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	86
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	86
Item 5.	Other Information	86
Item 6.	Exhibits	87
	Signatures	88

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our future operating results and financial position, our business strategy and plans and our objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “potentially,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “could,” “would,” “project,” “plan,” “expect” and similar expressions that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning the following:

◦the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations, financial results, and liquidity and capital resources, including on customers, sales, expenses, and employees;

◦our future financial performance, including our expectations regarding our revenue, cost of revenue, gross profit or gross margin, operating expenses (including changes in sales and marketing, research and development, and general and administrative expenses), and our ability to achieve, and maintain, future profitability;

◦market acceptance of our cloud platform;

◦the effects of increased competition in our markets and our ability to compete effectively;

◦our ability to maintain the security and availability of our cloud platform;

◦our ability to maintain and expand our customer base, including by attracting new customers;

◦our ability to develop new solutions, or enhancements to our existing solutions, and bring them to market in a timely manner;

◦anticipated trends, growth rates and challenges in our business and in the markets in which we operate;

◦our business plan and our ability to effectively manage our growth and associated investments;

◦beliefs and objectives for future operations;

◦our relationships with third parties, including channel partners and technology alliance partners;

◦our ability to maintain, protect and enhance our intellectual property rights;

◦our ability to successfully defend litigation brought against us;

◦our ability to successfully expand in our existing markets and into new markets;

◦sufficiency of cash to meet cash needs for at least the next 12 months;

◦our ability to expand internationally;

◦our ability to comply with laws and regulations that currently apply or become applicable to our business both in the United States and internationally;

◦our ability to develop, maintain, and improve our internal control over financial reporting;

◦the attraction and retention of qualified employees and key personnel.

These statements are based on our current plans, estimates and projections in light of information currently available to us. These forward-looking statements may be affected by risks, uncertainties and other factors discussed elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including under “Risk Factors.” Furthermore, new risks and uncertainties emerge from time to time, and it is impossible for us to predict all risks and uncertainties or how they may affect us. If any of these risks or uncertainties occurs, our business, revenue and financial results could be harmed, and the trading price of our Class A common stock could decline. Forward-looking statements made in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speak only as of the date on which such statements are made, and we undertake no obligation to update them in light of new information or future events, except as required by law.

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We intend to announce material information to the public through the CrowdStrike Investor Relations website ir.crowdstrike.com, SEC filings, press releases, public conference calls, and public webcasts. We use these channels, as well as social media and our blog, to communicate with our investors, customers, and the public about our company, our offerings, and other issues. It is possible that the information we post on social media and our blog could be deemed to be material information. As such, we encourage investors, the media, and others to follow the channels listed above, including the social media channels listed on our investor relations website, and to review the information disclosed through such channels. Any updates to the list of disclosure channels through which we will announce information will be posted on the investor relations page on our website.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)


	July 31,		January 31,
	2020		2020
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,064,734	$	264,798
Marketable securities	—		647,266
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1.3 million and $1.1 million as of July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, respectively	149,236		164,987
Deferred contract acquisition costs, current	53,837		42,971
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	48,174		51,614
Total current assets	1,315,981		1,171,636
Strategic investments	2,000		1,000
Property and equipment, net	153,303		136,078
Operating lease right-of-use assets	40,454		—
Deferred contract acquisition costs, noncurrent	81,186		71,235
Goodwill	8,131		7,722
Intangible assets, net	347		527
Other assets	15,550		16,708
Total assets	$	1,616,952	$	1,404,906
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	10,118		$	1,345
Accrued expenses	19,211		30,355
Accrued payroll and benefits	36,099		36,810
Operating lease liabilities, current	8,643		—
Deferred revenue	515,081		412,985
Other current liabilities	14,140		11,601
Total current liabilities	603,292		493,096
Deferred revenue, noncurrent	174,759		158,183
Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent	36,134		—
Other liabilities, noncurrent	10,752		11,020
Total liabilities	824,937		662,299
Commitments and contingencies (Note 11)
Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred stock, $0.0005 par value; 100,000 shares authorized as of July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020; no shares issued and outstanding as of July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020	—		—
Class A common stock, $0.0005 par value; 2,000,000 shares authorized as of July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, respectively; 183,609 shares and 107,666 shares issued and outstanding as of July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, respectively; Class B common stock, $0.0005 par value; 300,000 shares authorized as of July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, respectively; 35,585 shares and 105,282 shares issued and outstanding as of July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, respectively	110		106
Additional paid-in capital	1,476,323		1,378,479
Accumulated deficit	(686,583)		(637,487)
Accumulated other comprehensive income	1,115		1,009
Total CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. stockholders’ equity	790,965		742,107
Non-controlling interest	1,050		500
Total stockholders’ equity	792,015		742,607
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	1,616,952	$	1,404,906

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(in thousands, except per share data)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended July 31,						Six Months Ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenue
Subscription	$	184,256	$	97,575	$	346,478	$	183,566
Professional services	14,715		10,533		30,571		20,619
Total revenue	198,971		108,108		377,049		204,185

Cost of revenue
Subscription	44,037		24,946		81,281		48,637
Professional services	10,354		6,636		20,005		12,219
Total cost of revenue	54,391		31,582		101,286		60,856

Gross profit	144,580		76,526		275,763		143,329

Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	95,127		65,274		183,265		122,117
Research and development	50,483		31,630		91,061		55,505
General and administrative	28,961		30,261		54,004		42,122
Total operating expenses	174,571		127,165		328,330		219,744

Loss from operations	(29,991)		(50,639)		(52,567)		(76,415)
Interest expense	(174)		(164)		(317)		(165)
Other income (expense), net	732		(451)		5,265		(56)

Loss before provision for income taxes	(29,433)		(51,254)		(47,619)		(76,636)

Provision for income taxes	(441)		(635)		(1,477)		(1,230)

Net loss	$	(29,874)	$	(51,889)	$	(49,096)	$	(77,866)

Net loss per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.14)	$	(0.40)	$	(0.23)	$	(0.87)

Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to Class A and Class B common stockholders, basic and diluted	216,695		130,091		214,932		89,335

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


	Three Months Ended July 31,						Six Months Ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019

Net loss	$	(29,874)	$	(51,889)	$	(49,096)	$	(77,866)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustments	2,119		(343)		1,426		(623)
Reversal of unrealized gain upon sale of debt securities	—		—		(1,320)		—
Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities, net of tax	—		(1)		—		(5)
Other comprehensive income (loss)	2,119		(344)		106		(628)
Total comprehensive loss	$	(27,755)	$	(52,233)	$	(48,990)	$	(78,494)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

Three Months Ended July 31, 2020 and 2019

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


	Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock				Common Stock						Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)		Non-controlling Interest	Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balances at April 30, 2020	—	$	—	215,505	$	108	$	1,409,758	$	(656,709)	$	(1,004)	$	1,000	$	753,153
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options	—	—		2,633	2		10,206		—		—		—		10,208
Issuance of common stock under RSU release	—	—		491	—		—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan	—	—		565	—		17,284		—		—		—		17,284

Vesting of early exercised options	—	—		—	—		849		—		—		—		849
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		—	—		37,713		—		—		—		37,713
Capitalized stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		513		—		—		—		513
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(29,874)		—		—		(29,874)
Non-controlling interest	—	—		—	—		—		—		—		50		50
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—	—		—		—		2,119		—		2,119
Balances at July 31, 2020	—	$	—	219,194	$	110	$	1,476,323	$	(686,583)	$	1,115	$	1,050	$	792,015


	Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock				Common Stock						Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss	Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balances at April 30, 2019	131,268	$	557,912	48,127	$	24	$	36,670	$	(521,685)	$	(186)	$	(485,177)
Issuance of common stock upon initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts and issuance costs	—	—		20,700	11		659,207		—		—		659,218
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock upon initial public offering	(131,268)	(557,912)		131,268	66		557,846		—		—		557,912
Reclassification of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability to additional paid-in capital upon initial public offering	—	—		—	—		10,559		—		—		10,559
Net exercise of common stock warrants	—	—		322	—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options	—	—		3,739	2		7,055		—		—		7,057
Issuance of common stock related to early exercised options	—	—		1,037	—		—		—		—		—
Vesting of early exercised options	—	—		—	—		710		—		—		710
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		—	—		29,859		—		—		29,859
Capitalized stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		192		—		—		192
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(51,889)		—		(51,889)
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—	—		—		—		(344)		(344)
Balances at July 31, 2019	—	$	—	205,193	$	103	$	1,302,098	$	(573,574)	$	(530)	$	728,097

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)

Six Months Ended July 31, 2020 and 2019

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


	Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock				Common Stock						Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income		Non-controlling Interest	Total Stockholders’ Equity
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balances at January 31, 2020	—	$	—	212,948	$	106	$	1,378,479	$	(637,487)	$	1,009	$	500	$	742,607
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options	—	—		4,689	4		16,597		—		—		—		16,601
Issuance of common stock under RSU release	—	—		992	—		—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of common stock under employee stock purchase plan	—	—		565	—		17,284		—		—		—		17,284

Vesting of early exercised options	—	—		—	—		1,722		—		—		—		1,722
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		—	—		61,351		—		—		—		61,351
Capitalized stock-based compensation	—	—		—	—		890		—		—		—		890
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(49,096)		—		—		(49,096)
Non-controlling interest	—	—		—	—		—		—		—		550		550
Other comprehensive income	—	—		—	—		—		—		106		—		106
Balances at July 31, 2020	—	$	—	219,194	$	110	$	1,476,323	$	(686,583)	$	1,115	$	1,050	$	792,015


	Redeemable Convertible Preferred Stock				Common Stock						Additional Paid-in Capital		Accumulated Deficit		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Total Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit)
	Shares	Amount		Shares	Amount
Balances at January 31, 2019	131,268	$	557,912	47,421	$	24	$	31,211	$	(519,126)	$	98	$	(487,793)
Cumulative effect of accounting change	—	—		—	—		—		23,418		—		23,418
Issuance of common stock upon initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts and issuance costs	—	—		20,700	11		659,207		—		—		659,218
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock upon initial public offering	(131,268)	(557,912)		131,268	66		557,846		—		—		557,912
Reclassification of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability to additional paid-in capital upon initial public offering	—	—		—	—		10,559		—		—		10,559
Net exercise of common stock warrants	—	—		322	—		—		—		—		—
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of options	—	—		4,445	2		8,565		—		—		8,567
Issuance of common stock related to early exercise options	—	—		1,037	—		—		—		—		—
Vesting of early exercised options	—	—		—	—		854		—		—		854
Stock-based compensation expense	—	—		—	—		33,611		—		—		33,611
Capitalized stock0based compensation	—	—		—	—		245		—		—		245
Net loss	—	—		—	—		—		(77,866)		—		(77,866)
Other comprehensive loss	—	—		—	—		—		—		(628)		(628)
Balances at July 31, 2019	—	$	—	205,193	$	103	$	1,302,098	$	(573,574)	$	(530)	$	728,097

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(in thousands)

(unaudited)


	Six Months Ended July 31,
	2020		2019
Operating activities
Net loss	$	(49,096)	$	(77,866)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	17,621		10,193

Amortization of intangible assets	207		285
Amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs	28,171		15,076
Non-cash operating lease cost	4,939		—
Change in fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability	—		6,022
Provision for bad debts	(269)		22
Stock-based compensation expense	61,351		33,611
Gain on sale of debt securities, net	(1,347)		—
Accretion (amortization) of marketable securities purchased at a discount	578		(960)
Non-cash interest expense	320		163

Changes in operating assets and liabilities
Accounts receivable	16,020		(22,802)
Deferred contract acquisition costs	(48,988)		(27,788)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(1,953)		(12,505)

Accounts payable	9,634		(5,897)
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities	(8,112)		(2,095)
Accrued payroll and benefits	(711)		773
Operating lease liabilities	1,315		—
Deferred revenue	118,672		79,362
Other liabilities	5,250		(393)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	153,602		(4,799)
Investing activities
Purchases of property and equipment	(30,334)		(37,159)
Capitalized internal-use software	(3,850)		(3,310)
Purchase of strategic investments	(1,000)		—
Purchases of marketable securities	(84,904)		(117,572)
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities	639,586		4,473
Maturities of marketable securities	91,605		123,314
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	611,103		(30,254)
Financing activities
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock upon initial public offering, net of underwriting discounts	—		665,092








Payments of deferred offering costs	—		(4,080)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options	16,601		8,526
Proceeds from the issuance of common stock upon exercise of early exercisable stock options	—		10,264
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under the employee stock purchase plan	17,284		—
Capital contributions from non-controlling interest holders	550		—
Net cash provided by financing activities	34,435		679,802

Effect of foreign exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents	796		(349)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	799,936		644,400
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	264,798		88,408
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	1,064,734	$	732,808
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:
Interest paid	$	—	$	2
Income taxes paid, net of refunds received	663		413
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash investing and financing activities:
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock to common stock	—		659,207
Conversion of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liabilities reclassified to additional paid-in capital	—		10,559
Net increase (decrease) in deferred offering costs, accrued but not paid	—		(1,078)
Net increase (decrease) in property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued expenses	(1,020)		3,820
Vesting of early exercised stock options	1,722		854

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

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CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc.

Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

1. Description of Business and Basis of Presentation

Business

CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. (the “Company”) was formed on November 7, 2011. The Company provides a leading cloud-delivered solution for next-generation endpoint protection that offers 11 cloud modules on its Falcon platform via a software as a service (“SaaS”) subscription-based model that spans multiple large security markets, including endpoint security, security and IT operations (including vulnerability management), and threat intelligence. The Company is headquartered in Sunnyvale, California. The Company conducts its business in the United States, as well as locations internationally, including in Australia, Germany, India, Romania, and the United Kingdom.

Initial Public Offering

On June 14, 2019, the Company closed its initial public offering (“IPO”), in which it sold 20,700,000 shares of Class A common stock. The shares were sold at a public offering price of $34.00 per share for net proceeds of $659.2 million, after deducting underwriters’ discounts and commissions and offering expenses of $44.8 million. Immediately prior to the closing of the IPO, all outstanding shares of redeemable convertible preferred stock automatically converted into 131,267,586 shares of Class B common stock on a one-to-one basis. Additionally, in connection with the IPO, all of the Company’s outstanding common stock was reclassified into shares of Class B common stock on a one-for-one basis. Redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants also converted into 336,386 warrants to purchase Class B common stock on a one-to-one basis.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) and applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regarding interim financial reporting. As permitted under those rules, certain footnotes or other financial information that are normally required by U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted, and accordingly the balance sheet as of January 31, 2020, and related disclosures, have been derived from the audited consolidated financial statements at that date but do not include all of the information required by U.S. GAAP for complete consolidated financial statements. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, reflect all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) that are necessary for the fair statement of the Company’s condensed consolidated financial information. The results of operations for the three and six months ended July 31, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending January 31, 2021 or for any other interim period or for any other future year.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Principles of Consolidation

The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in the financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the applicable required disclosures and regulations of the SEC. Therefore, the accompanying interim unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and related financial information should be read in conjunction with Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on March 23, 2020.

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JOBS Act Accounting Election

The Company will be an “emerging growth company” (“EGC”) as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012 (“JOBS Act”) until January 31, 2021. An EGC may take advantage of specified reduced reporting requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to public companies, including, but not limited to, delayed adoption of new or revised accounting pronouncements applicable to public companies until such pronouncements are made applicable to private companies, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (“Sarbanes-Oxley Act”), reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in the Company’s periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. The Company may take advantage of these exemptions until it is no longer an EGC.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements. On a regular basis, management evaluates these estimates and assumptions. Actual results may differ from these estimates and such difference could be material to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Estimates and assumptions used by management include, but are not limited to, revenue recognition, the allowance for doubtful accounts, the carrying value and the useful lives of long-lived assets, the fair values of financial instruments and strategic investments, the period of benefit for deferred contract acquisition costs, the discount rate used for operating leases, the recognition and disclosure of contingent liabilities, income taxes, and stock-based compensation.

Due to the Coronavirus (“COVID-19”) pandemic, there has been uncertainty and disruption in the global economy and financial markets. The Company is not aware of any specific event or circumstance that would require a material update to its estimates or judgments or an adjustment of the carrying value of its assets or liabilities as of July 31, 2020. While there was not a material impact to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements as of and for the three and six months ended July 31, 2020, these estimates may change, as new events occur and additional information is obtained, as well as other factors related to COVID-19 that could result in material impacts to the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements in future reporting periods.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Geographic Information

The Company generates revenue from the sale of subscriptions to access its cloud platform and professional services. The Company’s sales team, along with its channel partner network of system integrators and value-added resellers (collectively, “channel partners”), sells the Company’s services worldwide to organizations of all sizes.

Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, accounts receivable, and strategic investments. The Company’s cash is placed with high-credit-quality financial institutions and issuers, and at times exceed federally insured limits. The Company limits its concentration of risk in cash equivalents and marketable securities by diversifying its investments among a variety of industries and issuers. The Company has not experienced any credit loss relating to its cash equivalents, marketable securities, and strategic investments. The Company performs periodic credit evaluations of its customers and generally does not require collateral. As of July 31, 2020, the Company did not have any cash equivalents or marketable securities.

Channel partners or direct customers who represented 10% or more of the Company’s accounts receivable were as follows:


	July 31,		January 31,
	2020		2020
Channel partner A	7	%	11	%
Channel partner B	6	%	10	%

Customer B	4	%	20	%

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Channel partners who represented 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue were as follows:


	Three Months Ended July 31,					Six Months Ended July 31,
	2020		2019	2020		2019
Channel partner A	9	%	11%	9	%	11	%

There were no direct customers who represented 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue during the three and six months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019.

Significant Accounting Policies

Other than the policies described below, there have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies described in its Annual Report on Form 10-K that have had a material impact on its consolidated financial statements and related notes.

Leases

The Company enters into operating lease arrangements for real estate assets related to office space. The Company determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception by evaluating various factors, including whether a vendor’s right to substitute an identified asset is substantive. Lease classification is determined at the lease commencement date, which is the date the leased assets are made available for use. Operating leases are included in “Operating lease right-of-use assets”, “Operating lease liabilities, current”, and “Operating lease liabilities, noncurrent” in the condensed consolidated balance sheet. The Company did not have any financing leases in any of the periods presented.

Operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of lease payments over the lease term. Lease payments consist of the fixed payments under the arrangement, less any lease incentives, such as tenant improvement allowances. Variable costs, such as maintenance and utilities based on actual usage, are not included in the measurement of right-to-use assets and lease liabilities but are expensed when the event determining the amount of variable consideration to be paid occurs. As the implicit rate of the leases is not determinable, the Company uses an incremental borrowing rate (“IBR”) based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments. Lease expenses are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term.

The Company uses the non-cancelable lease term when recognizing the right-of-use (“ROU”) assets and lease liabilities, unless it is reasonably certain that a renewal or termination option will be exercised. The Company accounts for lease components and non-lease components as a single lease component.

Leases with a term of twelve months or less are not recognized on the condensed consolidated balance sheet but are recognized as expense on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

Available-for-sale debt securities

The Company evaluates investments with unrealized loss positions by assessing if they are related to deterioration in credit risk and whether the Company expects to recover the entire amortized cost basis of the security, the Company’s intent to sell and whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the securities before the recovery of its cost basis. Credit-related impairment losses, not to exceed the amount that fair value is less than the amortized cost basis, are recognized through an allowance for credit losses with changes in the allowance for credit losses recorded in other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). As of July 31, 2020, there were no marketable securities held by the Company and there were no securities that had been in continuous unrealized loss position.

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Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recorded at the invoiced amount and are non-interest bearing. Accounts receivable are stated at their net realizable value, net of allowance for doubtful accounts. The Company has a well-established collections history from its customers. Credit is extended to customers based on an evaluation of their financial condition and other factors. The Company generally does not require collateral from its customers; however, the Company may require payment prior to commencing service in certain instances to limit credit risk. The Company regularly reviews the adequacy of the allowance for doubtful accounts by considering various factors including the age of each outstanding invoice, each customer’s expected ability to pay, historical loss rates and expectations of forward-looking loss estimates to determine whether the allowance is appropriate. Amounts deemed uncollectible are written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts. As of July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, the allowance for doubtful accounts was $1.3 million and $1.1 million, respectively.

Software Implementation Costs

The Company contracts with third party information technology providers for various service arrangements including software, platform, and information technology infrastructure. The Company capitalizes the implementation cost incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software in such arrangements. All capitalized implementation costs are amortized over the term of the arrangement which includes reasonably certain renewals. Costs incurred during the preliminary project and post implement stage are expensed as the activities are performed. Capitalized implementation costs were not material for the three and six months ended July 31, 2020.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842),” which requires lessees to generally recognize on the balance sheet operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding ROU assets, and to recognize on the income statement the expenses in a manner similar to prior practice. The Company adopted Topic 842 using the modified retrospective method on February 1, 2020.

The Company elected the following practical expedients:

•The package of practical expedients which allows for not reassessing 1) whether existing contracts contain leases, 2) the lease classification of existing leases, and 3) whether existing initial direct costs meet the new definition.

•The practical expedient in ASC Subtopic 842-10 to not separate non-lease components from lease components and instead account for each separate lease component and non-lease components associated with that lease component as a single lease component by class of the underlying assets.

•Not to recognize right of use assets and lease liabilities for short-term leases, which have a lease term of twelve months or less and do not include an option to purchase the underlying asset that the Company is reasonably certain to exercise.

The Company did not elect the hindsight practical expedient.

Lease payments consist primarily of the fixed payments under the arrangement, less any lease incentives such as tenant improvement allowance. The Company uses an estimate of its IBR based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments, unless the implicit rate is readily determinable. In determining the appropriate IBR, management considers information including, but not limited to, the Company’s credit rating, the lease term, and the currency in which the arrangement is denominated. For leases which commenced prior to the adoption of Topic 842, the Company used the IBR on January 31, 2020.

The adoption of this new standard on February 1, 2020, and the application of the modified retrospective transition approach resulted in the following changes:

a.Assets increased by $37.4 million, primarily representing the recognition of ROU asset for operating leases; and

b.Liabilities increased by $37.4 million, primarily representing the recognition of lease liabilities for operating leases partially offset by derecognition of liabilities for deferred rent previously designated under ASC Topic 840

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In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This ASU requires a financial asset measured at amortized cost basis to be presented at the net amount expected to be collected, with further clarifications made more recently regarding the treatment of accrued interest, transfers between classifications for loans and debt securities, recoveries and the option to irrevocably elect the fair value option (on an instrument-by-instrument basis) for eligible financial assets at amortized costs. For trade receivables, loans, and other financial assets, the Company will be required to use a forward-looking expected loss model rather than the incurred loss model for recognizing credit losses which reflects losses that are probable. Credit losses relating to available-for-sale debt securities are required to be recorded through an allowance for credit losses in the condensed consolidated statements of operation rather than as a reduction in the amortized cost basis of the securities. The Company adopted this guidance on February 1, 2020, which did not have a material effect on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This ASU simplifies the measurement of goodwill by eliminating step two of the two-step impairment test. Step two measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. This ASU requires an entity to compare the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value. Additionally, an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax-deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The Company adopted this guidance on February 1, 2020 which did not have a material effect on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework—Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. This ASU modifies the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements in Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement. The Company adopted this guidance on February 1, 2020 which did not have a material effect on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That Is a Service Contract (a consensus of the FASB Emerging Issues Task Force). This ASU aligns the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal use software. The Company adopted this guidance on February 1, 2020 which did not have a material effect on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. The ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. This ASU may be applied prospectively through December 31, 2022. The Company adopted this guidance on May 1, 2020 which did not have a material effect on its condensed consolidated financial statements. Per the terms of the Company’s secured revolving credit facility (see Note 5), outstanding Eurodollar Loans incur interest at the Eurodollar Rate, which is defined in the Credit Agreement as LIBOR (or any successor thereto), plus a margin. The Company’s lender is currently preparing to use the Secured Overnight Funding Rate if LIBOR becomes unavailable. No amounts were outstanding under the Credit Agreement as of July 31, 2020.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes, which enhances and simplifies various aspects of the income tax accounting guidance, including requirements such as tax basis step-up in goodwill obtained in a transaction that is not a business combination, ownership changes in investments, and interim-period accounting for enacted changes in tax law. For public business entities, this ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this pronouncement on its condensed consolidated financial statements.

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3. Fair Value Measurements and Marketable Securities

The Company follows ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements, with respect to marketable securities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Under the standard, fair value is defined as the exit price, or the amount that would be received to sell an asset or a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants as of the measurement date. The standard also establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the factors market participants would use in valuing the asset or liability developed based upon the best information available in the circumstances.

The hierarchy is broken down into three levels as follows:

Level 1 Assets and liabilities whose values are based on unadjusted quoted market prices for identical assets and liabilities in active markets

Level 2 Assets and liabilities whose values are based on quoted prices in markets that are not active or inputs that are observable for substantially the full term of the asset or liability

Level 3 Assets and liabilities whose values are based on prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement

Categorization within the valuation hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

The Company’s fair value hierarchy for its financial assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows:


	July 31, 2020														January 31, 2020
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
	(in thousands)														(in thousands)
Assets
Cash equivalents⁽¹⁾
Money market funds	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	205,379	$	—	$	—	$	205,379
Corporate debt securities	—		—		—		—		—		39,940		—		39,940
Total cash equivalents	—		—		—		—		205,379		39,940		—		245,319
Marketable securities
Corporate debt securities	—		—		—		—		—		495,022		—		495,022
U.S. treasury securities	—		—		—		—		84,431		—		—		84,431
Asset backed securities	—		—		—		—		—		67,813				67,813
Total marketable securities	—		—		—		—		84,431		562,835		—		647,266
Total assets	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	289,810	$	602,775	$	—	$	892,585

__________________________________

(1)Included in “Cash and cash equivalents” on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

There were no transfers between the levels of the fair value hierarchy during the three and six months ended July 31, 2020 or July 31, 2019.

As of July 31, 2020, there were no marketable securities held by the Company and there were no securities that had been in continuous unrealized loss position. As of January 31, 2020, the amortized cost of the Company’s cash equivalents and marketable securities approximated their fair value and there were no material realized or unrealized gains or losses, either individually or in the aggregate. In addition, the securities that had been in continuous unrealized loss position per security type and in aggregate are not material as of January 31, 2020. There were no impairments considered “other-than-temporary” as it is more likely than not the Company will hold the securities until maturity or a recovery of the cost basis as of January 31, 2020.

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The following table presents the contractual maturities of marketable securities as of January 31, 2020:


	Amortized cost		Fair value
	(in thousands)
Due in one year or less	$	377,722	$	378,408
Due after one year through five years	266,670		267,728
Due after five years through nineteen years	1,127		1,130
	$	645,519	$	647,266

The following summarizes the changes in strategic investments:


	July 31,		January 31,
	2020		2020
	(in thousands)
Total initial cost	$	2,000	$	1,000
Cumulative gain	—		—
Carrying value	$	2,000	$	1,000

There was no unrealized gain and loss included as an adjustment related to the carrying value of non-marketable securities as of July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020.

The following summarizes the changes in the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability, which is classified as a Level 3 instrument:


	Three Months Ended July 31,						Six Months Ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Balance at beginning of period	$	—	$	5,704	$	—	$	4,537
Adjustment resulting from change in fair value recognized in the condensed consolidated statement of operations	—		4,855		—		6,022
Reclassification of liability for redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants to additional paid-in capital upon initial public offering	—		(10,559)		—		(10,559)
Balance at end of period	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

The fair value of the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability was estimated using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and was based on significant inputs not observable in the market, and therefore was classified as a Level 3 instrument. The inputs include the Company’s preferred stock price, expected stock price volatility, risk-free interest rate, and contractual term. A loss of $4.9 million and $6.0 million was recorded as a component of Other income (expense), net, because of the remeasurement of the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability during the three and six months ended July 31, 2019, respectively. Immediately prior to the closing of the IPO on June 14, 2019, the redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants converted into 336,386 warrants to purchase Class B common stock on a one-to-one basis. The redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability was reclassified to additional paid-in capital upon the closing of the IPO.

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4. Balance Sheet Components

Prepaid Expenses and Other Current Assets

Prepaid expenses and other current assets consisted of the following:


	July 31, 2020		January 31, 2020
	(in thousands)
Prepaid expenses	$	20,450	$	20,390
Prepaid software licenses	14,675		16,645
Prepaid hosting services	6,536		8,056
Other current assets	6,513		6,523
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	48,174	$	51,614

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net consisted of the following:


	July 31, 2020		January 31, 2020
	(in thousands)
Data center and other computer equipment	$	131,648	$	87,166
Capitalized internal-use software	35,093		30,354
Leasehold improvements	15,517		13,157
Purchased software	3,071		2,604
Furniture and equipment	5,306		4,835
Construction in process	30,060		47,626
	220,695		185,742
Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization	(67,392)		(49,664)
Property and equipment, net	$	153,303	$	136,078

Construction in process mainly includes data center equipment purchased that has not yet been placed in service. As of July 31, 2020, $25.6 million of data center equipment was purchased but not yet been placed into service.

Depreciation and amortization expense of property and equipment was $9.4 million and $5.3 million during the three months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019, respectively, and $17.6 million and $10.2 million during the six months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019, respectively.

There were no impairments of internal-use software during the three and six months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019. The Company capitalized $2.4 million and $1.5 million in internal-use software during the three months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019, and $4.7 million and $3.5 million during the six months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019, respectively. Amortization expense associated with internal-use software totaled $1.8 million and $1.6 million during the three months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019, respectively, and $3.7 million and $3.0 million during the six months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019, respectively. The net book value of capitalized internal-use software was $14.4 million and $13.4 million as of July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, respectively.

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Intangible Assets, Net

Total intangible assets, net consisted of the following:


	July 31, 2020							Weighted-Average Remaining Useful Life
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Amount
	(in thousands)							(in months)
Developed technology	$	1,293	$	1,241	$	52	3
Customer relationships	653		366		287		27
Non-compete agreement	131		123		8		3
Total	$	2,077	$	1,730	$	347


	January 31, 2020							Weighted-Average Remaining Useful Life
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Amount
	(in thousands)							(in months)
Developed technology	$	1,238	$	1,067	$	171	9
Customer relationships	607		280		327		33
Non-compete agreement	121		92		29		9
Total	$	1,966	$	1,439	$	527

Amortization of developed technology, customer relationships, and non-compete agreement are recorded within cost of revenue, sales and marketing expense, and research and development expense, respectively, in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Amortization expense of intangible assets was $0.1 million during both the three months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019 and $0.2 million and $0.3 million during the six months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019, respectively.

The estimated aggregate future amortization expense of intangible assets as of July 31, 2020 is as follows:


	Total
	(in thousands)
Fiscal 2021 (remaining six months)	$	126
Fiscal 2022	130
Fiscal 2023	91


Total amortization expense	$	347

The developed technology, customer relationships, and non-compete agreement assets are being amortized over 3 years, 5 years, and 3 years, respectively.

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Accrued Expenses

Accrued expenses consisted of the following:


	July 31, 2020		January 31, 2020
	(in thousands)
Web hosting services	$	8,169	$	16,367
Other accrued expenses	4,133		7,459
Accrued marketing	2,900		1,970
Accrued purchases of property and equipment	2,630		2,789
Accrued legal and accounting	1,379		1,770
Accrued expenses	$	19,211	$	30,355

Accrued Payroll and Benefits

Accrued payroll and benefits consisted of the following:


	July 31, 2020		January 31, 2020
	(in thousands)
Accrued commissions	$	11,024	$	15,399
Accrued payroll and related expenses	10,635		6,680
Accrued bonuses	8,115		8,171
Employee Stock Purchase Plan	6,325		6,560
Accrued payroll and benefits	$	36,099	$	36,810

5. Secured Revolving Credit Facility

In April 2019, the Company entered into a Credit Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank and other lenders, to provide a revolving line of credit of up to $150.0 million, including a letter of credit sub-facility in the aggregate amount of $10.0 million, and a swingline sub-facility in the aggregate amount of $10.0 million. The Company also has the option to request an incremental facility of up to an additional $75.0 million from one or more of the lenders under the Credit Agreement. The amount the Company may borrow under the Credit Agreement may not exceed the lesser of $150.0 million or the Company’s ordinary course recurring subscription revenue for the most recent month, as determined under the Credit Agreement, multiplied by a number that is (i) 6, for the first year after entry into the Credit Agreement; (ii) 5, for the second year after entry into the Credit Agreement; and (iii) 4, thereafter. Under the terms of the Credit Agreement, revolving loans may be either Eurodollar Loans or ABR Loans. Outstanding Eurodollar Loans incur interest at the Eurodollar Rate, which is defined in the Credit Agreement as LIBOR (or any successor thereto), plus a margin between 2.50% and 3.00%, depending on usage. Outstanding ABR Loans incur interest at the highest of (a) the Prime Rate, as published by the Wall Street Journal, (b) the federal funds rate in effect for such day plus 0.50%, and (c) the Eurodollar Rate plus 1.00%, in each case plus a margin between 1.50% and 2.00%, depending on usage. The Company will be charged a commitment fee of 0.20% to 0.30% per year for committed but unused amounts. The Credit Agreement will terminate on April 19, 2022.

The Credit Agreement is collateralized by substantially all of the Company’s current and future property, rights, and assets, including, but not limited to, cash, goods, equipment, contractual rights, financial assets, and intangible assets of the Company and its subsidiaries. The Credit Agreement contains covenants limiting the ability to, among other things, dispose of assets, undergo a change in control, merge or consolidate, make acquisitions, incur debt, incur liens, pay dividends, repurchase stock, and make investments, in each case subject to certain exceptions. The Credit Agreement also contains financial covenants requiring the Company to maintain the year-over-year growth rate of its ordinary course recurring subscription revenue above specified rates and to maintain minimum liquidity at specified levels. The Company was in compliance with the financial covenants as of July 31, 2020. The Credit Agreement contains events of default that include, among others, non-payment of principal, interest, or fees, breach of covenants, inaccuracy of representations and warranties, cross defaults to certain other indebtedness, bankruptcy and insolvency events, and material judgments.

No amounts were outstanding under the Credit Agreement as of July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020.

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6. Income Taxes

The Company recognized an income tax expense of $0.4 million and $0.6 million for the three months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019, respectively, and $1.5 million and $1.2 million for the six months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019, respectively. The tax expense for the three and six months ended July 31, 2020 was primarily attributable to pre-tax foreign earnings. The Company’s effective tax rates of (1.5)% and (1.2)% for the three months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019, respectively, and (3.1)% and (1.6)% for the six months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019, respectively, differ from the U.S. statutory tax rate primarily due to U.S. losses for which there is no benefit and the tax rate differences between the United States and foreign countries.

The Company has a full valuation allowance on its U.S. federal and state and its U.K. deferred tax assets. As a result, consistent with the prior year, the Company did not record a tax benefit on these losses because of uncertainty of future profitability.

On March 27, 2020, the United States enacted the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”), as a response to the economic uncertainty resulting from the global COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act did not have a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended July 31, 2020. The Company continues to monitor any effects that may result from the CARES Act.

7. Leases

Operating Leases

The Company has entered into non-cancelable operating lease agreements with various expiration dates through October 2026. Certain lease agreements include options to renew or terminate the lease, which are not reasonably certain to be exercised and therefore are not factored into the determination of lease payments.

Total operating lease costs was $2.7 million and $5.0 million, excluding short-term leases costs and variable lease costs for the three and six months ended July 31, 2020, respectively. There was no sublease income for the three and six months ended July 31, 2020. Total lease expense recognized prior to the adoption of Topic 842 were $2.2 million and $4.0 million for the three and six months ended July 31, 2019, respectively.

For the three and six months ended July 31, 2020, cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities were $3.0 million and $5.4 million, respectively. Operating lease liabilities arising from obtaining operating right of-use assets was $6.2 million for the three and six months ended July 31, 2020.

As of July 31, 2020, the weighted-average remaining lease term is 4.6 years, and the weighted-average discount rate is 5.9%.

The component of lease costs was as follows:


	Three Months Ended July 31, 2020		Six Months Ended July 31, 2020
	(in thousands)
Lease cost
Operating lease cost	$	2,671	$	4,954
Short-term lease cost	492		985
Variable lease cost	518		1,354
Total lease cost	$	3,681	$	7,293

As of July 31, 2020, the Company has not entered into any non-cancelable operating leases with a term greater than 12 months that have not yet commenced.

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The maturities of the Company’s non-cancelable operating lease liabilities are as follows:


	July 31, 2020
	(in thousands)
Fiscal 2021 (remaining six months)	$	4,262
Fiscal 2022	11,413
Fiscal 2023	10,856
Fiscal 2024	10,785
Fiscal 2025	9,934
Thereafter	4,151
Total operating lease payments	51,401
Less: imputed interest	6,624
Present value of operating lease liabilities	$	44,777

Future minimum payments under non-cancelable operating leases determined using the prior accounting guidance consisted of the following as of January 31, 2020:


	Real Estate Arrangements
	(in thousands)
Fiscal 2021	$	9,958
Fiscal 2022	9,869
Fiscal 2023	9,377
Fiscal 2024	9,370
Fiscal 2025	8,441
Thereafter	3,671
Total	$	50,686

8. Equity Transactions

Common Stock

In connection with the IPO, on June 14, 2019, the Company filed an Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation which authorizes the issuance of 2,000,000,000 shares of Class A common stock with a par value of $0.0005 per share, 300,000,000 shares of Class B common stock with a par value of $0.0005 per share, and 100,000,000 shares of undesignated preferred stock with a par value of $0.0005 per share. The rights of the holders of Class A common stock and Class B common stock are identical, except with respect to voting and conversion rights. Each share of Class A common stock is entitled to one vote per share. Each share of Class B common stock is entitled to ten votes per share and is convertible into one share of Class A common stock. Class A and Class B common stockholders are not entitled to receive dividends unless declared by the Company’s board of directors.

9. Stock-Based Compensation

Stock Incentive Plan

In May 2019, the Company’s board of directors adopted, and the stockholders approved the CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. 2019 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) with the purpose of granting stock-based awards to employees, directors, officers and consultants, including stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and performance-based restricted stock units. A total of 8,750,000 shares of Class A common stock were initially available for issuance under the 2019 Plan. The Company’s compensation committee administers the 2019 Plan. The number of shares of the Company’s common stock available for issuance under the 2019 Plan is subject to an annual increase on the first day of each fiscal year beginning on February 1, 2020, equal to the lesser of: (i) two percent (2.0%) of outstanding shares of the Company’s capital stock as of the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year or (ii) such other amount as the Company’s board of directors may determine.

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The 2011 Plan was terminated on June 10, 2019, which was the business day prior to the effectiveness of the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 used in connection with the Company’s IPO, and stock-based awards are no longer granted under the 2011 Plan. Any shares underlying stock options that expire or terminate or are forfeited or repurchased under the 2011 Plan will be automatically transferred to the 2019 Plan.

Stock Options

The Company records compensation expense for employee stock options based on the estimated fair value of the options on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the assumptions included in the table below. The expected term represents the period that the Company’s share-based awards are expected to be outstanding. The expected term assumptions were determined based on the vesting terms, exercise terms, and contractual lives of the options. The expected stock price volatility is based upon comparable public company data. The risk-free rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for the estimated option life.

The fair value of each option was estimated on the date of grant using the following assumptions during the period:


	Six Months Ended July 31,
	2020		2019
Expected term (in years)	6.05		6.05
Risk-free interest rate	0.4	%	2.0%
Expected stock price volatility	36.0	%	37.7%
Dividend yield	—	%	—	%

The following table is a summary of stock option activity for the six months ended July 31, 2020:


	Number of Shares	Weighted-Average Exercise Price Per Share
	(in thousands)
Options outstanding at January 31, 2020	14,689	$	5.52
Granted	60	$	93.90
Exercised	(4,689)	$	3.54
Canceled	(189)	$	8.49
Options outstanding at July 31, 2020	9,871	$	6.94
Options vested and expected to vest at July 31, 2020	9,871	$	6.94
Options exercisable at July 31, 2020	4,794	$	4.09

Options exercisable include 607,201 options that were unvested as of July 31, 2020.

The aggregate intrinsic value of options vested and exercisable was $523.1 million and $469.6 million as of July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, respectively. The weighted-average remaining contractual term of options vested and exercisable was 6.5 years and 6.7 years as of July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, respectively.

The weighted-average grant date fair values of all options granted was $32.91 and $13.45 per share during the three months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019, respectively, and $32.91 and $9.51 per share during the six months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019, respectively. The total intrinsic value of all options exercised was $242.8 million and $80.9 million during the three months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019, respectively, and $354.0 million and $89.7 million during the six months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019, respectively.

The aggregate intrinsic value of stock options outstanding as of July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020 was $1.05 billion and $816.3 million, respectively, which represents the excess of the fair value of the Company’s common stock over the exercise price of the options multiplied by the number of options outstanding. The weighted-average remaining contractual term of stock options outstanding was 7.2 years and 7.4 years as of July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, respectively.

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Total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested options was $28.6 million as of July 31, 2020. This expense is expected to be amortized on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average vesting period of 1.9 years. Total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested options was $34.7 million as of January 31, 2020. This expense is expected to be amortized on a straight-line basis over a weighted-average vesting period of 2.1 years.

Early Exercise of Employee Options

The 2011 Stock Plan allows for the early exercise of stock options for certain individuals as determined by the Board of Directors. The consideration received for an early exercise of an option is a deposit of the exercise price and the related dollar amount is recorded as a liability for early exercise of unvested stock options in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. This liability is reclassified to additional paid-in capital as the awards vest. If a stock option is early exercised, the unvested shares may be repurchased by the Company in case of employment termination or for any reason, including death and disability, at the price paid by the purchaser for such shares. There were no issued shares of common stock related to early exercised stock options for the three and six months ended July 31, 2020. During both the three and six months ended July 31, 2019, the Company issued 1,037,356 shares of common stock related to early exercised stock options. As of July 31, 2020, the number of shares of common stock related to early exercised stock options subject to repurchase was 728,462 shares for $7.0 million. As of January 31, 2020, the number of shares of common stock related to early exercised stock options subject to repurchase was 984,417 shares for $8.7 million. Common stock purchased pursuant to an early exercise of stock options is not deemed to be outstanding for accounting purposes until those shares vest. The Company includes unvested shares subject to repurchase in the number of shares outstanding in the condensed consolidated statement of redeemable convertible preferred stock and stockholders’ equity (deficit).

Restricted Stock Units

Beginning in September 2018, the Company began issuing RSUs to certain employees. These RSUs include a service-based vesting condition and a performance-based vesting condition. The service-based vesting condition is generally satisfied based on one of three vesting schedules: (i) vesting of one-fourth of the RSUs on the first “Company vest date” (defined as March 20, June 20, September 20, or December 20) on or following the one-year anniversary of the vesting commencement date with the remainder of the RSUs vesting in twelve equal quarterly installments thereafter, subject to continued service, (ii) vesting in sixteen equal quarterly installments beginning on December 20, 2018, subject to continued service, or (iii) vesting in eight equal quarterly installments beginning on December 20, 2022, subject to continued service. The performance-based vesting condition is satisfied on the earlier of (i) a change in control, in which the consideration paid to holders of shares is either cash, publicly traded securities, or a combination thereof, or (ii) the first Company vest date to occur following the expiration of the lock-up period upon an IPO, subject to continued service through such change in control or lock-up expiration, as applicable. None of the RSUs vest unless the performance-based vesting condition is satisfied. Upon the completion of the IPO, the performance-based vesting condition was met and the Company recognized $17.3 million of deferred expense related to RSUs as of that date in its condensed consolidated statement of operations. Upon its IPO, the Company began issuing RSUs to its employees that generally have only a service-based vesting condition. The valuation of such RSUs is based solely on the fair value of the Company’s stock price on the date of grant.

Expense for RSUs that have a service-based vesting condition only are being amortized on a straight-line basis. Expense for RSUs that have both a service-based and a performance-based vesting condition are being amortized under the accelerated attribution method. Total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested RSUs was $283.9 million as of July 31, 2020. This expense is expected to be amortized (subject to acceleration or straight-line basis) over a weighted-average vesting period of 2.7 years.

Performance-based Stock Units

Performance-based stock units (“PSUs”) granted under the 2019 Plan are subject to both a service-based vesting condition and a performance-based vesting condition. PSUs generally vest over a four-year period based on the achievement of specified performance targets and subject to continued service through the applicable vesting dates. The compensation cost is recognized over the requisite service period when it is probable that the performance condition will be satisfied. During the first quarter of the fiscal year, the Company’s compensation committee approved PSUs for certain employees. The performance goal for the grants primarily related to the revenue growth percentage for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2021. The number of PSUs earned corresponds to the performance period of fiscal year 2021, which can range between 0% and 130% of the target number of shares granted depending on the Company’s actual performance.

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Expense for PSUs are being amortized under the accelerated attribution method and may be adjusted over the vesting period based on interim estimates of performance against the pre-set objectives. Total unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested PSUs was $33.6 million as of July 31, 2020. This expense is expected to be amortized over a weighted-average vesting period of 1.8 years.

The following table is a summary of RSU and PSU activities for the six months ended July 31, 2020:


	Number of Shares	Weighted- Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
	(in thousands)
RSUs and PSUs outstanding at January 31, 2020	6,063	$	29.82
Granted	3,427	$	63.98
Vested	(992)	$	30.94
Forfeited	(187)	$	32.39
RSUs and PSUs outstanding at July 31, 2020	8,311	$	43.71
RSUs and PSUs expected to vest at July 31, 2020	8,311	$	43.71

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In May 2019, the board of directors adopted, and the stockholders approved the CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. 2019 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), which became effective on June 10, 2019, which was the business day prior to the effectiveness of the Company’s registration statement on Form S-1 used in connection with the Company’s IPO. A total of 3,500,000 shares of Class A common stock were initially reserved for issuance under the ESPP. The Company’s compensation committee administers the ESPP. The number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the ESPP is subject to an annual increase on the first day of each fiscal year beginning on February 1, 2020, equal to the lesser of: (i) one percent (1%) of outstanding shares of the Company’s capital stock as of the last day of the immediately preceding fiscal year or (ii) such other amount as its board of directors may determine.

The ESPP provides for consecutive offering periods that will typically have a duration of approximately 24 months in length and is comprised of four purchase periods of approximately six months in length. The offering periods are scheduled to start on the first trading day on or after June 11 and December 11 of each year. The first offering period commenced on June 11, 2019 and is scheduled to end on the first trading day on or before June 10, 2021.

The ESPP provides eligible employees with an opportunity to purchase shares of the Company’s Class A common stock through payroll deductions of up to 15% of their eligible compensation. A participant may purchase a maximum of 2,500 shares of common stock during a purchase period. Amounts deducted and accumulated by the participant are used to purchase shares of common stock at the end of each six-month purchase period. The purchase price of the shares shall be 85% of the lower of the fair market value of the Class A common stock on (i) the first trading day of the applicable offering period and (ii) the last trading day of each purchase period in the related offering period. Participants may end their participation at any time during an offering period and will be paid their accrued contributions that have not yet been used to purchase shares of common stock. Participation ends automatically upon termination of employment. The ESPP allows for up to one increase in contribution during each purchase period. If an employee elects to increase his or her contribution, the Company treats this as an accounting modification. The pre- and post-modification fair values are calculated on the date of the modification, and the incremental expense is then amortized over the remaining purchase period. Incremental expense as a result of such modification was $0.8 million for the three and six months ended July 31, 2020.

Employee payroll contributions ultimately used to purchase shares are reclassified to stockholders’ equity on the purchase date. ESPP employee payroll contributions accrued at July 31, 2020 totaled $6.3 million and are included within accrued payroll and benefits in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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The following table summarizes the assumptions used in the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to determine fair value of the Company’s common shares to be issued under the ESPP for the offering periods beginning in June 2019:


	Six Months Ended July 31,
	2020		2019
Expected term (in years)	0.5 - 2.0		0.5 - 2.0
Risk-free interest rate	0.2% - 2.0%		1.9% - 2.2%
Expected stock price volatility	30.1% - 54.3%		33.0% - 35.7%
Dividend yield	—	%	—	%

Stock-Based Compensation Expense

Stock-based compensation expense included in the condensed consolidated statements of operations is as follows:


	Three Months Ended July 31,						Six Months Ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Subscription cost of revenue	$	2,635	$	1,233	$	4,630	$	1,498
Professional services cost of revenue	1,425		644		2,396		747
Sales and marketing	13,603		6,638		22,290		8,156
Research and development	9,029		4,976		13,929		5,657
General and administrative	11,021		16,368		18,106		17,553
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	37,713	$	29,859	$	61,351	$	33,611

10. Revenue, Deferred Revenue and Remaining Performance Obligations

The following table summarizes the revenue from contracts by type of customer:


	Three Months Ended July 31,														Six Months Ended July 31,
	2020						2019						2020				2019
	Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue
	(in thousands, except percentages)														(in thousands, except percentages)
Channel Partners	$	153,412	77	%	$	70,438	65	%	$	283,692	75	%	$	134,897	66	%
Direct Customers	45,559		23	%	37,670		35	%	93,357		25	%	69,288		34	%
Total revenue	$	198,971	100	%	$	108,108	100	%	$	377,049	100	%	$	204,185	100	%

The Company uses channel partners to complement direct sales and marketing efforts. The partners place an order with the Company after negotiating the order directly with an end customer. The partners negotiate pricing with the end customer and in some rare instances are responsible for certain support levels directly with the end customer. The Company’s contract is with the partner and payment to the Company is not contingent on the receipt of payment from the end customer. The Company recognizes the contractual amount charged to the partners as revenue ratably over the term of the arrangement once access to the Company’s solution has been provided to the end customer.

The Company also uses referral partners who refer customers in exchange for a referral fee. The Company negotiates pricing and contracts directly with the end customer. The Company recognizes revenue from the sales to the end customers, ratably over the term of the contract, once access to the Company’s solution has been provided to the end customer.

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The following table summarizes the revenue by region based on the shipping address of customers who have contracted to use the Company’s platform or service:


	Three Months Ended July 31,														Six Months Ended July 31,
	2020						2019						2020				2019
	Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue		Amount		% Revenue
	(in thousands, except percentages)														(in thousands, except percentages)
United States	$	141,733	71	%	$	80,146	74	%	$	271,214	72	%	$	152,454	75	%
Europe, Middle East, and Africa	28,552		14	%	15,006		14	%	53,593		14	%	28,419		14	%
Asia Pacific	17,733		9	%	8,613		8	%	32,635		9	%	14,843		7	%
Other	10,953		6	%	4,343		4	%	19,607		5	%	8,469		4	%
Total revenue	$	198,971	100	%	$	108,108	100	%	$	377,049	100	%	$	204,185	100	%

No single country other than the United States represented 10% or more of the Company’s total revenue during the three and six months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019.

Contract Balances

Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue and include payments received in advance of performance under the contract. Such amounts are recognized as revenue over the contractual period. The Company recognized revenue of $165.1 million and $89.6 million for the three months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019, respectively, and $261.9 million and $169.5 million for the six months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019, respectively, that were included in the corresponding contract liability balance at the beginning of the period.

The Company receives payments from customers based upon contractual billing schedules. Accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional. Payment terms on invoiced amounts are typically 30 - 60 days. Contract assets include amounts related to the contractual right to consideration for both completed and partially completed performance obligations that may not have been invoiced.

Changes in deferred revenue were as follows:


	Three Months Ended July 31,						Six Months Ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	Carrying Amount
	(in thousands)
Beginning Balance	$	635,973	$	315,212	$	571,168	$	290,067
Additions to deferred revenue	252,838		162,658		495,721		283,880
Recognition of deferred revenue	(198,971)		(108,108)		(377,049)		(204,185)
Ending Balance	$	689,840	$	369,762	$	689,840	$	369,762

Remaining Performance Obligations

The Company’s subscription contracts with its customers have a typical term of one to three years and most subscription contracts are non-cancelable. Customers typically have the right to terminate their contracts for cause as a result of the Company’s failure to perform. As of July 31, 2020, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations was $925.5 million. The Company expects to recognize 72% of the remaining performance obligations in the 12 months following July 31, 2020, with the remainder to be recognized thereafter.

Costs to Obtain and Fulfill a Contract

The Company capitalizes referral fees paid to partners and sales commission and associated payroll taxes paid to internal sales personnel that are incremental to the acquisition of channel partner and direct customer contracts and would not have occurred absent the customer contract. These costs are recorded as deferred contract acquisition costs, current and deferred contract acquisition costs, noncurrent on the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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Sales commissions for renewal of a contract are not considered commensurate with the commissions paid for the acquisition of the initial contract or follow-on upsell given the substantive difference in commission rates in proportion to their respective contract values. Commissions, including referral fees paid to channel partners, paid upon the initial acquisition of a contract or subsequent upsell are amortized over an estimated period of benefit of 4 years while commissions paid for renewal contracts are amortized over the contractual term of the renewals. Sales commissions associated with professional service contracts are amortized ratably over an estimated period of benefit of six months and included in sales and marketing expense in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. In determining the period of benefit for commissions paid for the acquisition of the initial contract, the Company took into consideration the expected subscription term and expected renewals of customer contracts, the historical duration of relationships with customers, customer retention data, and the life of the developed technology. The Company periodically reviews the carrying amount of deferred contract acquisition costs to determine whether events or changes in circumstances have occurred that could impact the period of benefit of these deferred costs. The Company did not recognize any material impairment losses of deferred contract acquisition costs during the three and six months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019, respectively.

The following table summarizes the activity of deferred contract acquisition costs:


	Three Months Ended July 31,						Six Months Ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Beginning balance	$	123,318	$	64,197	$	114,206	$	63,071
Capitalization of contract acquisition costs	26,425		19,317		48,988		27,788
Amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs	(14,720)		(7,731)		(28,171)		(15,076)
Ending balance	$	135,023	$	75,783	$	135,023	$	75,783

Deferred contract acquisition costs, current	$	53,837	$	34,017	$	53,837	$	34,017
Deferred contract acquisition costs, noncurrent	81,186		41,766		81,186		41,766
Total deferred contract acquisition costs	$	135,023	$	75,783	$	135,023	$	75,783

11. Commitments and Contingencies

Purchase Obligations

The Company enters into long-term non-cancelable agreements with providers to purchase data center capacity, such as bandwidth and colocation space, for the Company’s cloud platform. As of July 31, 2020, the Company is committed to spend $140.8 million on such agreements through 2027. These obligations are included in purchase obligations below.

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into non-cancelable purchase commitments with various parties to purchase products and services such as technology, equipment, office renovations, corporate events, and consulting services. A summary of noncancelable purchase obligations as of July 31, 2020 with expected date of payment is as follows:


	Total Commitments
	(in thousands)
Fiscal 2021 (remaining six months)	$	45,492
Fiscal 2022	92,967
Fiscal 2023	12,029
Fiscal 2024	11,351
Fiscal 2025	3,998
Thereafter	3,908
Total purchase commitments	$	169,745

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Letters of Credit

As of July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, the Company had an unused standby letter of credit for $0.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively, securing its headquarters facility in Sunnyvale, California. As of July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020, the Company had an unused standby letter of credit for $1.0 million, securing its facility in Austin, Texas.

Litigation

The Company is currently involved in proceedings before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (“TTAB”) at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) regarding its U.S. trademark registrations for “CrowdStrike Falcon” and its U.S. application to register its “Falcon OverWatch” trademark. On November 23, 2016, Fair Isaac Corporation (“FICO”) filed a Petition for Cancellation of the Company’s “CrowdStrike Falcon” trademark registrations and a Notice of Opposition against the Company’s “Falcon OverWatch” trademark application before the USPTO, TTAB. On January 3, 2017, the Company filed answers to both the cancellation and opposition proceedings, and the proceedings thereafter were consolidated. On November 21, 2018, the Company filed a Petition for Partial Cancellation or Amendment of one of FICO’s “Falcon” trademark registrations, and on December 10, 2018, the parties filed a joint request to consolidate the proceedings and adjust the schedule. On January 16, 2019, FICO moved to dismiss the Company’s petition. On July 2, 2019, the TTAB consolidated the proceedings and granted FICO’s motion to dismiss with leave to amend. On July 22, 2019, the Company filed its Amended Petition for Cancellation or Amendment and on August 12, 2019, FICO moved to dismiss the Company’s Amended Petition for Cancellation or Amendment. On January 31, 2020, the TTAB denied the motion to dismiss as to two grounds for partial cancellation and as to the request for amendment, and granted the motion as to a third ground for partial cancellation of one of FICO’s “Falcon” registrations and the claim for abandonment of both of FICO’s “Falcon” trademark registrations, with the right to reassert both claims for relief. On March 18, 2020, the Company filed a motion for leave to file a Second Amended Petition to include a claim for abandonment for two of FICO’s “Falcon” trademark registrations. On August 3, 2020, the TTAB granted the motion for leave to file in part, and set a new schedule for the consolidated proceedings, with trial periods set to begin in May 2021. On August 13, 2020, the Company filed a separate petition to cancel one of FICO’s Falcon trademark registrations, and on August 24, 2020, the Company filed a Second Amended petition for Cancellation or Amendment as to the other FICO Falcon trademark registrations. The Company is vigorously defending the case, but given the early stage, although a loss may reasonably be possible, the Company is unable to predict the likelihood of success of FICO’s claims or estimate a loss or a range of loss. As a result, no liability has been recorded as of July 31, 2020 or January 31, 2020.

In addition, from time to time the Company is a party to various litigation matters and subject to claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. In addition, third parties may from time to time assert claims against the Company in the form of letters and other communications. For any claims for which the Company believes a liability is both probable and reasonably estimable, the Company records a liability in the period for which it makes this determination. There is no pending or threatened legal proceeding to which the Company is a party that, in the Company’s opinion, is likely to have a material adverse effect on its condensed consolidated financial statements; however, the results of litigation and claims are inherently unpredictable. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on the Company’s business because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors. In addition, the expense of litigation and the timing of this expense from period to period are difficult to estimate, subject to change and could adversely affect the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements.

Warranties and Indemnification

The Company’s cloud computing services are typically warranted to perform in a manner consistent with general industry standards that are reasonably applicable and materially in accordance with the Company’s online help documentation under normal use and circumstances.

The Company’s arrangements generally include certain provisions for indemnifying customers against liabilities if its products or services infringe a third party’s intellectual property rights. In addition, for its Falcon Complete module customers, the Company offers a limited warranty, subject to certain conditions, to cover certain costs incurred by the customer in case of a cybersecurity breach. The Company has entered into an insurance policy to cover its potential liability arising from this limited warranty arrangement. To date, the Company has not incurred any material costs because of such obligations and has not accrued any liabilities related to such obligations in the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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The Company has also agreed to indemnify its directors and certain executive officers for costs associated with any fees, expenses, judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by any of these persons in any action or proceeding to which any of those persons is, or is threatened to be, made a party by reason of the person’s service as a director or officer, including any action by the Company, arising out of that person’s services as the Company’s director or officer or that person’s services provided to any other company or enterprise at the Company’s request. The Company maintains director and officer insurance coverage that would generally enable the Company to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. The Company may also be subject to indemnification obligations by law with respect to the actions of its employees under certain circumstances and in certain jurisdictions. No liabilities have been accrued associated with this indemnification provision as of July 31, 2020 or January 31, 2020.

12. Geographic Information

The Company’s long-lived assets are composed of property and equipment, net, and operating lease right-of-use assets, are summarized by geographic area as follows:


	July 31, 2020		January 31, 2020
	(in thousands)
United States	$	168,835	$	125,409
International	24,922		10,669
Total property and equipment, net and operating lease right-of-use assets	$	193,757	$	136,078

No single country other than the United States represented 10% or more of the Company’s total long-lived assets as of July 31, 2020 or January 31, 2020.

13. Related Party Transactions

Subscription and Professional Services Revenue from Related Parties

During the three and six months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, certain investors and companies with whom the Company’s Board of Directors are affiliated with purchased subscriptions and professional services. The Company recorded revenue from subscriptions and professional services from related parties of $1.0 million and $2.3 million during the three months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019, respectively, and $1.9 million and $4.6 million during the six months ended July 31, 2020 and July 31, 2019, respectively. Accounts receivable associated with these related parties was $3.2 million and $0.2 million as of July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020.

Accounts Payable to Related Parties

The Company purchased goods and services totaling $0.1 million and $0.9 million, respectively, from certain investors and companies with whom its Board of Directors are affiliated with during the three months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $0.9 million and $1.5 million during the six months ended July 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The accounts payable to such vendors were immaterial of July 31, 2020 and January 31, 2020.

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14. Net Loss Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders (in thousands, except per share data):


	Three Months Ended July 31,						Six Months Ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019








Class A Common Stock

Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(23,059)	$	(4,308)	$	(33,407)	$	(4,784)

Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	167,262		10,800		146,249		5,489

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.14)	$	(0.40)	$	(0.23)	$	(0.87)

Class B Common Stock

Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(6,815)	$	(47,581)	$	(15,689)	$	(73,082)

Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	49,433		119,291		68,683		83,846

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted	$	(0.14)	$	(0.40)	$	(0.23)	$	(0.87)

Since the Company was in a net loss position for all periods presented, basic net loss per share is the same as diluted net loss per share as the inclusion of all potential common shares outstanding would have been antidilutive. The potential shares of common stock that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share attributable to common stockholders for the periods presented because including them would have been antidilutive are as follows:


	July 31, 2020	July 31, 2019
	(in thousands)


Shares of common stock subject to repurchase from outstanding stock options	728	1,316
RSUs and PSUs subject to future vesting	8,311	5,729
Shares of common stock issuable from stock options	9,871	21,267
Share purchase rights under the employee stock purchase plan	1,154	1,654
Potential common shares excluded from diluted net loss per share	20,064	29,966

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties as described under the heading Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements following the Table of Contents of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. You should review the disclosure under Part II Item 1A - Risk Factors in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis. Our fiscal year end is January 31, and our fiscal quarters end on April 30, July 31, October 31, and January 31.

Overview

We founded CrowdStrike in 2011 to reinvent security for the cloud era. When we started the company, cyberattackers had a decided, asymmetric advantage over existing security products. We turned the tables on the adversaries by taking a fundamentally new approach that leverages the network effects of crowdsourced data applied to modern technologies such as AI, cloud computing, and graph databases. Realizing that the nature of cybersecurity problems had changed but the solutions had not, we built our CrowdStrike Falcon platform to detect threats and stop breaches.

We believe we are defining a new category called the Security Cloud, with the power to transform the security industry much the same way the cloud has transformed the CRM, HR, and service management industries. With our Falcon platform, we created the first multi-tenant, cloud native, intelligent security solution capable of protecting workloads across on-premise, virtualized, and cloud-based environments running on a variety of endpoints such as desktops, laptops, servers, virtual machines, and IoT devices. Our Falcon platform is composed of two tightly integrated proprietary technologies: our easily deployed intelligent lightweight agent and our cloud-based, dynamic graph database called Threat Graph. Our solution benefits from crowdsourcing and economies of scale, which we believe enables our AI algorithms to be uniquely effective. We call this cloud-scale AI. We initially provided intelligence and incident response services while we developed our Falcon platform. In June 2013, we first began providing EDR capabilities as a single solution. In February 2017, as we executed on our Falcon platform expansion strategy, we began offering these and additional capabilities as separate cloud modules. This strategic move facilitated new customer adoption and allowed us to further expand within our customer base. Today, we offer 11 cloud modules on our Falcon platform via a SaaS subscription-based model that spans multiple large security markets, including endpoint security, security and IT operations (including vulnerability management), and threat intelligence.

On June 14, 2019 we closed our initial public offering, or IPO, in which we issued and sold 20,700,000 shares of Class A common stock. The price per share to the public was $34.00. We received aggregate proceeds of $665.1 million from the IPO, net of underwriters’ discounts and commissions and before deducting estimated offering costs of $5.9 million. Upon the closing of the IPO, all shares of our outstanding preferred stock automatically converted into 131,267,586 shares of Class B common stock. In connection with our IPO, all shares of our common stock outstanding prior to our IPO were automatically converted into shares of Class B common stock.

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak to be a pandemic. Since then, the COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly spread across the globe and has already resulted in significant volatility, uncertainty, and economic disruption. Thus far, the impact of the pandemic has been modest with some customers, particularly in heavily impacted industries, requesting special billing or payment terms. Our gross retention rate for the second quarter of fiscal 2021 remained consistently high and our dollar-based net retention rate once again exceeded 120 percent as we continued to expand module adoption within new and existing customers. In March 2020, we implemented several measures to help ensure the health and safety of all our employees around the globe including restricting all travel and transitioning 100% of our workforce to be remote. In addition, in response to the uncertain macroeconomic environment, we converted all of our marketable securities to cash and cash equivalents during the three months ended April 30, 2020, and as of July 31, 2020, all of our investments were classified as cash.

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We continue to conduct business as usual with modifications to employee travel, employee work locations, customer interactions, and cancellation of certain marketing events, among other things. We will continue to actively monitor the situation and may take further actions that alter our business operations as may be required by federal, state, or local authorities, or that we determine are in the best interests of our employees, customers, partners, suppliers, and stockholders. The extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic may impact our longer-term operational and financial performance remains uncertain. Furthermore, due to our subscription-based business model, the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic may not be fully reflected in our results of operations until future periods, if at all. The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic will depend on several factors, including the pace of reopening the economy around the world; the possible resurgence in the spread of the virus; the development cycle of therapeutics and vaccines; the impact on our customers and our sales cycles; the impact on our customer, employee, and industry events; and the effect on our vendors. Please see Item IA, “Risk Factors,” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a further description of the material risks we currently face, including the risks related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

In March, we launched two initiatives to help our customers quickly onboard new remote workers without sacrificing protection or having to worry about a procurement cycle. This included a surge relief plan that allows our customers to surge the number of endpoints for a limited time. Additionally, we launched a Falcon Prevent for Home Use program that allows our customers’ company administrators to install Falcon Prevent on their employees’ home systems. We believe both of these initiatives have been well received by our customers.

Our Go-To-Market Strategy

We sell subscriptions to our Falcon platform and cloud modules to organizations across multiple industries. We primarily sell subscriptions to our Falcon platform and cloud modules through our direct sales team that leverages our network of channel partners. Our direct sales team is comprised of field sales and inside sales professionals who are segmented by a customer’s number of endpoints.

We have a low friction land-and-expand sales strategy. When customers deploy our Falcon platform, they can start with any number of cloud modules and we can activate additional cloud modules in real time on the same agent already deployed on the endpoint. This architecture has also allowed us to begin to offer a free trial of our Falcon Prevent module directly from our website or the AWS Marketplace, and we plan to extend this capability to additional modules in the future. Once customers experience the benefits of our Falcon platform, they often expand their adoption over time by adding more endpoints or purchasing additional modules. We also use our sales team to identify current customers who may be interested in free trials of additional cloud modules, which serves as a powerful driver of our land-and-expand model. By segmenting our sales teams, we can deploy a low-touch sales model that efficiently identifies prospective customers.

We began as a solution for large enterprises, but the flexibility and scalability of our Falcon platform has enabled us to seamlessly offer our solution to customers of any size—from those with hundreds of thousands of endpoints to as few as three. We have expanded our sales focus to include any organization without the need to modify our Falcon platform for small and medium sized businesses.

A substantial majority of our customers purchase subscriptions with a term of one year. Our subscriptions are generally priced on a per-endpoint and per-module basis. We recognize revenue from our subscriptions ratably over the term of the subscription. We also generate revenue from our incident response and proactive professional services, which are generally priced on a time and materials basis. We view our professional services business primarily as an opportunity to cross-sell subscriptions to our Falcon platform and cloud modules.

Certain Factors Affecting Our Performance

Adoption of Our Solutions. We believe our future success depends in large part on the growth in the market for cloud-based SaaS-delivered endpoint security solutions. Many organizations have not yet abandoned the on-premise legacy products in which they have invested substantial personnel and financial resources to design and maintain. As a result, it is difficult to predict customer adoption rates and demand for our cloud-based solutions.

New Customer Acquisition. Our future growth depends in large part on our ability to acquire new customers. If our efforts to attract new customers are not successful, our revenue and rate of revenue growth may decline. We believe that our go-to-market strategy and the flexibility and scalability of our Falcon platform allow us to rapidly expand our customer base. Our incident response and proactive services also help drive new customer acquisitions, as many of these professional services customers subsequently purchase subscriptions to our Falcon platform. Many organizations have not yet adopted cloud-based security solutions, and since our Falcon platform has offerings for organizations of all sizes, worldwide, and across industries, we believe this presents a significant opportunity for growth.

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Maintain Customer Retention and Increase Sales. Our ability to increase revenue depends in large part on our ability to retain our existing customers and increase the ARR of their subscriptions. We focus on increasing sales to our existing customers by expanding their deployments to more endpoints and selling additional cloud modules for increased functionality. In February 2017, we transitioned our platform from a single offering into highly-integrated offerings of multiple SKU cloud modules. We initially launched this strategy with our IT hygiene, next-generation antivirus, EDR, managed threat hunting, and intelligence modules, and have added six additional modules since then. The Falcon Platform currently has 11 cloud modules that span endpoint security, security operations, and threat intelligence

Invest in Growth. We believe that our market opportunity is large and requires us to continue to invest significantly in sales and marketing efforts to further grow our customer base, both domestically and internationally. Our open cloud architecture and single data model have allowed us to rapidly build and deploy new cloud modules, and we expect to continue investing in those efforts to further enhance our technology platform and product functionality. In addition to our ongoing investment in research and development, we may also pursue acquisitions of businesses, technologies, and assets that complement and expand the functionality of our Falcon platform, add to our technology or security expertise, or bolster our leadership position by gaining access to new customers or markets. Furthermore, we expect our general and administrative expenses to increase in dollar amount for the foreseeable future given the additional expenses for accounting, compliance, and investor relations as we become a public company.

Key Metrics

We monitor the following key metrics to help us evaluate our business, identify trends affecting our business, formulate business plans, and make strategic decisions.

Subscription Customers

We define a subscription customer as a separate legal entity that has entered into a distinct subscription agreement for access to Falcon platform for which the term has not ended or with which we are negotiating a renewal contract. We do not consider our channel partners as customers, and we treat managed service security providers, who may purchase our products on behalf of multiple companies, as a single customer. While initially we focused our sales and marketing efforts on large enterprises, in recent years we have also increased our sales and marketing to small and medium sized businesses.

The following table sets forth the number of our subscription customers as of the dates presented:


	As of July 31,
	2020		2019
Subscription customers	7,230		3,789
Year-over-year growth	91	%	111	%

Annual Recurring Revenue (“ARR”)

ARR is calculated as the annualized value of our customer subscription contracts as of the measurement date, assuming any contract that expires during the next 12 months is renewed on its existing terms. To the extent that we are negotiating a renewal with a customer after the expiration of the subscription, we continue to include that revenue in ARR if we are actively in discussion with such an organization for a new subscription or renewal, or until such organization notifies us that it is not renewing its subscription. Growth in ARR from April 30, 2020 to July 31, 2020 was driven in part by a large new customer acquisition.

The following table sets forth our ARR as of the dates presented:


	As of July 31,
	2020			2019
	(in thousands)
Annual recurring revenue	$	790,583		$	423,780
Year-over-year growth	87		%	104		%

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Dollar-Based Net Retention Rate

Our dollar-based net retention rate compares our ARR from a set of subscription customers against the same metric for those subscription customers from the prior year. Our dollar-based net retention rate reflects customer renewals, expansion, contraction, and churn, and excludes revenue from our incident response and proactive services. We calculate our dollar-based net retention rate as of period end by starting with the ARR from all subscription customers as of 12 months prior to such period end, or Prior Period ARR. We then calculate the ARR from these same subscription customers as of the current period end, or Current Period ARR. Current Period ARR includes any expansion and is net of contraction or churn over the trailing 12 months but excludes revenue from new subscription customers in the current period. We then divide the Current Period ARR by the Prior Period ARR to arrive at our dollar-based net retention rate.

Since January 2016, our dollar-based net retention rate has consistently exceeded 100%, which is primarily attributable to an expansion of endpoints within, and cross-selling additional cloud modules to, our existing subscription customers. Our dollar-based net retention rate can fluctuate from period to period due to large customer contracts in a given period, which may reduce our dollar-based net retention rate in subsequent periods if the customer makes a larger upfront purchase and does not continue to increase purchases.

Our dollar-based net retention rate has varied from quarter to quarter due to a number of factors and we expect that trend to continue. For example, in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2019, we had an outsized expansion deal that contributed 11 percentage

points to our net retention in that quarter. While we once again expanded within this account in the fourth quarter of fiscal

2020, the impact was smaller than the prior year. In addition, we have seen strong success with our strategy to land bigger deals with more modules, and we are also seeing an acceleration in our acquisition of new customers. While we view these two trends as positive developments, they have a natural trade off on our ability to expand business with existing customers in the near term.

Components of Our Results of Operations

Revenue

Subscription Revenue. Subscription revenue primarily consists of subscription fees for our Falcon platform and additional cloud modules that are supported by our cloud-based platform. Subscription revenue is driven primarily by the number of subscription customers, the number of endpoints per customer, and the number of cloud modules included in the subscription. We recognize subscription revenue ratably over the term of the agreement, which is generally one to three years. Because our subscription customers are generally billed upfront, we have recorded significant deferred revenue. Consequently, a substantial portion of the revenue that we report in each period is attributable to the recognition of deferred revenue relating to subscriptions that we entered into during previous periods. We typically invoice our customers annually in advance or multi-year in advance.

Professional Services Revenue. Professional services revenue includes incident response and proactive services, forensic and malware analysis, and attribution analysis. Professional services are generally sold separately from subscriptions to our Falcon platform, although customers frequently enter into a separate arrangement to purchase subscriptions to our Falcon platform at the conclusion of a professional services arrangement. Professional services are available through hourly rate and fixed fee contracts, one-time and ongoing engagements, and retainer-based agreements. For time and materials and retainer-based arrangements, revenue is recognized as services are performed. For fixed fee contracts, we recognize revenue by applying the proportional performance method.

Cost of Revenue

Subscription Cost of Revenue. Subscription cost of revenue consists primarily of costs related to hosting our cloud-based Falcon platform in data centers, amortization of our capitalized internal-use software, employee-related costs such as salaries and bonuses, stock-based compensation expense, benefits costs associated with our operations and support personnel, software license fees, property and equipment depreciation, and an allocated portion of facilities and administrative costs.

As new customers subscribe to our platform and existing subscription customers increase the number of endpoints on our Falcon platform, our cost of revenue will increase due to greater cloud hosting costs related to powering new cloud modules and the incremental costs for storing additional data collected for such cloud modules and employee-related costs. We intend to continue to invest additional resources in our cloud platform and our customer support organizations as we grow our business. The level and timing of investment in these areas could affect our cost of revenue in the future.

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Professional Services Cost of Revenue. Professional services cost of revenue consists primarily of employee-related costs, such as salaries and bonuses, stock-based compensation expense, technology, property and equipment depreciation, and an allocated portion of facilities and administrative costs.

Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Gross profit and gross margin have been and will continue to be affected by various factors, including the timing of our acquisition of new subscription customers, renewals from existing subscription customers, sales of additional modules to existing subscription customers, the data center and bandwidth costs associated with operating our cloud platform, the extent to which we expand our customer support and cloud operations organizations, and the extent to which we can increase the efficiency of our technology, infrastructure, and data centers through technological improvements. We expect our gross profit to increase in dollar amount and our gross margin to increase modestly over the long term, although our gross margin could fluctuate from period to period depending on the interplay of these factors. Demand for our incident response services is driven by the number of breaches experienced by non-customers. Also, we view our professional services solutions in the context of our larger business and as a significant lead generator for new subscriptions. Because of these factors, our services revenue and gross margin may fluctuate over time.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses consist of sales and marketing, research and development and general administrative expenses. For each of these categories of expense, employee-related expenses are the most significant component, which include salaries, employee bonuses, sales commissions, and employer payroll tax. Operating expenses also include an allocated portion of overhead costs for facilities, and IT.

Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses primarily consist of employee-related expenses such as salaries, commissions, and bonuses. Sales and marketing expenses also include stock-based compensation; expenses related to our Fal.Con customer conference and other marketing events; an allocated portion of facilities and administrative expenses; and cloud hosting and related services costs related to proof of value efforts. We capitalize and amortize sales commissions and any other incremental payments made upon the initial acquisition of a subscription or upsells to existing customers to sales and marketing expense over the estimated customer life, and amortize any such expenses paid for the renewal of a subscription to sales and marketing expense over the term of the renewal.

We expect sales and marketing expenses to increase in dollar amount as we continue to make significant investments in our sales and marketing organization to drive additional revenue, further penetrate the market, and expand our global customer base.

Research and Development. Research and development expenses primarily consist of employee-related expenses such as salaries and bonuses; stock-based compensation; consulting expenses related to the design, development, testing, and enhancements of our subscription services; and an allocated portion of facilities and administrative expenses. Our cloud platform is software-driven, and our research and development teams employ software engineers in the design, and the related development, testing, certification, and support of these solutions.

We expect research and development expenses to increase in dollar amount as we continue to increase investments in our technology architecture and software platform. However, we anticipate research and development expenses to decrease as a percentage of our total revenue over time, although our research and development expenses may fluctuate as a percentage of our total revenue from period-to-period depending on the timing of these expenses.

General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses consist of employee-related expenses such as salaries and bonuses; stock-based compensation; and related expenses for our executive, finance, human resources, and legal organizations. In addition, general and administrative expenses include outside legal accounting and other professional fees; and an allocated portion of facilities and administrative expenses. We expect to incur additional expenses as a result of operating as a public company. As a result, we expect our general and administrative expenses to increase in dollar amount. However, we anticipate general and administrative expenses to decrease as a percentage of our total revenue over time.

Other Income (Expense), Net. Other income (expense), net, consists primarily of income earned on our cash equivalents and marketable securities; expense related to the fair value of warrants for our redeemable convertible preferred stock; interest expense on our bank facility; and foreign currency transaction gains and losses.

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Provision for Income Taxes. Provision for income taxes consists primarily of income taxes in certain foreign jurisdictions in which we conduct business, as well as state income taxes in the United States. We have not recorded any U.S. federal income tax expense. We maintain a full valuation allowance on our U.S. federal and state and U.K. deferred tax assets as we have concluded that it is more likely than not that those deferred assets will not be utilized.

Results of Operations

The following tables set forth our condensed consolidated statements of operations for each period presented:


	Three Months Ended July 31,						Change $		Change %		Six Months Ended July 31,						Change $	Change %
	2020		2019								2020		2019
	(in thousands)										(in thousands)
Revenue
Subscription	$	184,256	$	97,575	$	86,681	89	%	$	346,478	$	183,566	$	162,912	89	%
Professional services	14,715		10,533		4,182		40	%	30,571		20,619		9,952		48	%
Total revenue	198,971		108,108		90,863		84	%	377,049		204,185		172,864		85	%
Cost of revenue
Subscription^{(1) (2)}	44,037		24,946		19,091		77	%	81,281		48,637		32,644		67	%
Professional services ⁽¹⁾	10,354		6,636		3,718		56	%	20,005		12,219		7,786		64	%
Total cost of revenue	54,391		31,582		22,809		72	%	101,286		60,856		40,430		66	%
Gross profit	144,580		76,526		68,054		89	%	275,763		143,329		132,434		92	%
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing ^{(1) (2)}	95,127		65,274		29,853		46	%	183,265		122,117		61,148		50	%
Research and development ^{(1) (2)}	50,483		31,630		18,853		60	%	91,061		55,505		35,556		64	%
General and administrative ⁽¹⁾	28,961		30,261		(1,300)		(4)	%	54,004		42,122		11,882		28	%
Total operating expenses	174,571		127,165		47,406		37	%	328,330		219,744		108,586		49	%
Loss from operations	(29,991)		(50,639)		20,648		(41)	%	(52,567)		(76,415)		23,848		(31)	%
Interest expense	(174)		(164)		(10)		6	%	(317)		(165)		(152)		92	%
Other income (expense), net	732		(451)		1,183		(262)	%	5,265		(56)		5,321		(9,502)	%
Loss before provision for income taxes	(29,433)		(51,254)		21,821		(43)	%	(47,619)		(76,636)		29,017		(38)	%
Provision for income taxes	(441)		(635)		194		(31)	%	(1,477)		(1,230)		(247)		20	%
Net loss	$	(29,874)	$	(51,889)	$	22,015	(42)	%	$	(49,096)	$	(77,866)	$	28,770	(37)	%

___________________________________________

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(1)Includes stock-based compensation expense as follows:


	Three Months Ended July 31,						Six Months Ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Subscription cost of revenue	$	2,635	$	1,233	$	4,630	$	1,498
Professional services cost of revenue	1,425		644		2,396		747
Sales and marketing	13,603		6,638		22,290		8,156
Research and development	9,029		4,976		13,929		5,657
General and administrative	11,021		16,368		18,106		17,553
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	37,713	$	29,859	$	61,351	$	33,611

(2)Includes amortization of acquired intangible assets as follows:


	Three Months Ended July 31,						Six Months Ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	(in thousands)						(in thousands)
Subscription cost of revenue	$	63	$	97	$	125	$	201

Sales and marketing	31		32		62		63
Research and development	10		10		20		21

Total amortization of purchased intangibles	$	104	$	139	$	207	$	285

The following table presents the components of our condensed consolidated statements of operations as a percentage of total revenue for the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended July 31,						Six Months Ended July 31,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
	%						%
Revenue
Subscription	93	%	90	%	92	%	90	%
Professional services	7	%	10	%	8	%	10	%
Total revenue	100	%	100	%	100	%	100	%
Cost of revenue
Subscription	22	%	23	%	22	%	24	%
Professional services	5	%	6	%	5	%	6	%
Total cost of revenue	27	%	29	%	27	%	30	%
Gross profit	73	%	71	%	73	%	70	%
Operating expenses
Sales and marketing	48	%	60	%	49	%	60	%
Research and development	25	%	29	%	24	%	27	%
General and administrative	15	%	28	%	14	%	21	%
Total operating expenses	88	%	118	%	87	%	108	%
Loss from operations	(15)	%	(47)	%	(14)	%	(37)	%
Interest expense	—	%	—	%	—	%	—	%
Other income (expense), net	—	%	—	%	1	%	—	%
Loss before provision for income taxes	(15)	%	(47)	%	(13)	%	(38)	%
Provision for income taxes	—	%	(1)	%	—	%	(1)	%
Net loss	(15)	%	(48)	%	(13)	%	(38)	%

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Comparison of the Three Months Ended July 31, 2020 and 2019

Revenue

The following shows total revenue from subscriptions and professional services for the three months ended July 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended July 31, 2019:


	Three Months Ended July 31,						Change $		Change %
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Subscription	$	184,256	$	97,575	$	86,681	89	%
Professional services	14,715		10,533		4,182		40	%
Total revenue	$	198,971	$	108,108	$	90,863	84	%

Total revenue increased by $90.9 million, or 84%, for the three months ended July 31, 2020, compared to the three months ended July 31, 2019. Subscription revenue accounted for 93% of our total revenue for the three months ended July 31, 2020, and 90% of our total revenue for the three months ended July 31, 2019. Professional services revenue accounted for 7% of our total revenue for the three months ended July 31, 2020, and 10% of our total revenue for the three months ended July 31, 2019.

Subscription revenue increased by $86.7 million, or 89%, for the three months ended July 31, 2020, compared to the three months ended July 31, 2019. This increase was primarily attributable to the addition of new subscription customers, as we increased our customer base by 91% from 3,789 subscription customers as of July 31, 2019 to 7,230 subscription customers as of July 31, 2020. Subscription revenue from new customers, subscription revenue from the renewal of existing customers, and subscription revenue from the sale of additional endpoints and additional modules to existing customers accounted for 33%, 35%, and 32% of total subscription revenue for the three months ended July 31, 2020, respectively. Subscription revenue from new customers, subscription revenue from the renewal of existing customers, and subscription revenue from the sale of additional endpoints and additional modules to existing customers accounted for 40%, 32%, and 28% of total subscription revenue for the three months ended July 31, 2019, respectively.

Professional services revenue increased by $4.2 million, or 40%, for the three months ended July 31, 2020, compared to the three months ended July 31, 2019, and was primarily attributable to an increase in the number of professional service hours performed.

Cost of Revenue, Gross Profit, and Gross Margin

The following shows cost of revenue related to subscriptions and professional services for the three months ended July 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended July 31, 2019:


	Three Months Ended July 31,						Change $		Change %
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Subscription	$	44,037	$	24,946	$	19,091	77	%
Professional services	10,354		6,636		3,718		56	%
Total cost of revenue	$	54,391	$	31,582	$	22,809	72	%

Total cost of revenue increased by $22.8 million, or 72%, for the three months ended July 31, 2020, compared to the three months ended July 31, 2019. Subscription cost of revenue increased by $19.1 million, or 77%, for the three months ended July 31, 2020, compared to the three months ended July 31, 2019. The increase in subscription cost of revenue was primarily due to an increase in employee-related expenses of $6.3 million driven by a 82% increase in average headcount, an increase in cloud hosting and related services of $7.6 million driven by increased customer activity, an increase in depreciation of data center equipment of $1.9 million, an increase in stock-based compensation expense of $1.4 million and an increase in allocated overhead costs of $1.2 million.

Professional services cost of revenue increased by $3.7 million, or 56%, for the three months ended July 31, 2020, compared to the three months ended July 31, 2019. The increase in professional services cost of revenue was primarily due to an increase in employee-related expenses of $2.9 million driven by an increase in average headcount of 58% and an increase in stock-based compensation expense of $0.8 million.

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The following shows gross profit and gross margin for subscriptions and professional services for the three months ended July 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended July 31, 2019:


	Three Months Ended July 31,						Change $		Change %
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Subscription gross profit	$	140,219	$	72,629	$	67,590	93	%
Professional services gross profit	4,361		3,897		464		12	%
Total gross profit	$	144,580	$	76,526	$	68,054	89	%


	Three Months Ended July 31,						Change %
	2020		2019
Subscription gross margin	76	%	74	%	2	%
Professional services gross margin	30	%	37	%	(7)	%
Total gross margin	73	%	71	%	2	%

Subscription gross margin increased by two percentage points for the three months ended July 31, 2020, compared to the three months ended July 31, 2019. This increase was a result of continuing to shift more of our operations from third-party cloud service providers to colocation data centers, renegotiating the terms of a third-party cloud service provider contract, and lower than typical travel given COVID-19 travel restrictions. This increase in gross margin was also due to the continued expansion of module adoption by our customer base. As of July 31, 2020, 57% of our customer base had adopted four or more modules and 39% of our customer base had adopted five or more modules. As of July 31, 2019, 50% of our customer base had adopted four or more modules and 27% of our customer base had adopted five or more modules. Our “collect once, reuse many” data strategy means that after the first module is paid for and covers the cost of data storage and most computational costs, each additional subscription module carries a higher margin. We expect gross margin to fluctuate quarter to quarter given the timing of turning on new cloud data centers in new geographies to accommodate increased activity and demand.

Professional services gross margin decreased by seven percentage points for the three months ended July 31, 2020, compared to the three months ended July 31, 2019. The decrease in professional services gross margin was due to a decrease in utilization during the three months ended July 31, 2020 compared to the three months ended July 31, 2019.

Operating Expenses

Sales and Marketing

The following shows sales and marketing expenses for the three months ended July 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended July 31, 2019:


	Three Months Ended July 31,						Change $		Change %
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Sales and marketing expenses	$	95,127	$	65,274	$	29,853	46	%

Sales and marketing expenses increased by $29.9 million, or 46%, for the three months ended July 31, 2020, compared to the three months ended July 31, 2019. The increase in sales and marketing expenses was primarily due to an increase in employee-related expenses of $19.7 million driven by an increase in sales and marketing average headcount of 39%, an increase in stock-based compensation of $7.0 million, an increase in marketing programs of $3.9 million, and an increase in allocated overhead costs of $1.9 million, partially offset by a $4.0 million decrease in travel-related costs due to the fact that, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, all of our workforce was working from home and not traveling during the quarter.

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Research and Development

The following shows research and development expenses for the three months ended July 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended July 31, 2019:


	Three Months Ended July 31,						Change $		Change %
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Research and development expenses	$	50,483	$	31,630	$	18,853	60	%

Research and development expenses increased by $18.9 million, or 60%, for the three months ended July 31, 2020, compared to the three months ended July 31, 2019. This increase was primarily due to an increase in employee-related expenses of $10.9 million driven by an increase in research and development average headcount of 52%, an increase in stock-based compensation of $4.1 million, an increase in cloud hosting and related costs of $2.4 million, an increase in allocated overhead costs of $1.5 million and an increase in depreciation of data center equipment of $1.0 million, partially offset by a $1.0 million decrease in travel-related costs due to the fact that, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, all of our workforce was working from home and not traveling during the quarter.

General and Administrative

The following shows general and administrative expenses for the three months ended July 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended July 31, 2019:


	Three Months Ended July 31,						Change $		Change %
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
General and administrative expenses	$	28,961	$	30,261	$	(1,300)	(4)	%

General and administrative expenses decreased by $1.3 million, or 4%, for the three months ended July 31, 2020, compared to the three months ended July 31, 2019. The decrease in general and administrative expenses was primarily due to a decrease in stock-based compensation expense of $5.5 million, a decrease in bad debt expense of $0.8 million, and $0.5 million decrease in travel-related costs due to the fact that, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, all of our workforce was working from home and not traveling during the quarter, partially offset by an increase in employee related expenses of $3.1 million driven by an increase in general and administrative average headcount of 70%, an increase in corporate insurance expense of $0.7 million, an increase in overhead costs of $0.7 million, an increase in business licenses and taxes of $0.7 million, and an increase in accounting expenses of $0.5 million.

The following shows Interest expense and Other income (expense), net, for the three months ended July 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended July 31, 2019:


	Three Months Ended July 31,						Change $		Change %
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Interest expense	$	(174)	$	(164)	$	(10)	6	%
Other income (expense), net	$	732	$	(451)	$	1,183	(262)	%

Interest expense consists of the amortization of debt issuance costs related to our revolving credit facility as discussed in Note 5 of our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Other income (expense), net, was an expense of $0.5 million for the three months ended July 31, 2019 compared to income of $0.7 million the three months ended July 31, 2020. This increase of $1.2 million was driven primarily by a decrease in expense related to the fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants of $4.9 million as the warrants were converted into common stock upon our IPO in June 2019, partially offset by a decrease in interest income of $2.5 million due to our having liquidated our portfolio of marketable securities during the first quarter of fiscal 2021 in response to the economic uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, and a decrease in income from a legal settlement of $1.3 million which occurred during the three months ended July 31, 2019.

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Provision for Income Taxes

The following shows the provision for income taxes for the three months ended July 31, 2020 as compared to the three months ended July 31, 2019:


	Three Months Ended July 31,						Change $		Change %
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Provision for income taxes	$	(441)	$	(635)	$	194	(31)	%

The decrease in the provision for income taxes of $0.2 million during the three months ended July 31, 2020 compared to the three months ended July 31, 2019 was primarily due to lower taxes paid in foreign jurisdictions.

Comparison of the Six Months Ended July 31, 2020 and 2019

Revenue

The following shows total revenue from subscriptions and professional services for the six months ended July 31, 2020 as compared to the six months ended July 31, 2019:


	Six Months Ended July 31,						Change $		Change %
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Subscription	$	346,478	$	183,566	$	162,912	89	%
Professional services	30,571		20,619		9,952		48	%
Total revenue	$	377,049	$	204,185	$	172,864	85	%

Total revenue increased by $172.9 million, or 85%, for the six months ended July 31, 2020, compared to the six months ended July 31, 2019. Subscription revenue accounted for 92% of our total revenue for the six months ended July 31, 2020, and 90% of our total revenue for the six months ended July 31, 2019. Professional services revenue accounted for 8% of our total revenue for the six months ended July 31, 2020, and 10% of our total revenue for the six months ended July 31, 2019.

Subscription revenue increased by $162.9 million, or 89%, for the six months ended July 31, 2020, compared to the six months ended July 31, 2019. This increase was primarily attributable to the addition of new subscription customers, as we increased our customer base by 91% from 3,789 subscription customers as of July 31, 2019 to 7,230 subscription customers as of July 31, 2020. Subscription revenue from new customers, subscription revenue from the renewal of existing customers, and subscription revenue from the sale of additional endpoints and additional modules to existing customers accounted for 33%, 35%, and 32% of total subscription revenue for the six months ended July 31, 2020, respectively. Subscription revenue from new customers, subscription revenue from the renewal of existing customers, and subscription revenue from the sale of additional endpoints and additional modules to existing customers accounted for 41%, 32%, and 27% of total subscription revenue for the six months ended July 31, 2019, respectively.

Professional services revenue increased by $10.0 million, or 48%, for the six months ended July 31, 2020, compared to the six months ended July 31, 2019, and was primarily attributable to an increase in the number of professional service hours performed.

Cost of Revenue, Gross Profit, and Gross Margin

The following shows cost of revenue related to subscriptions and professional services for the six months ended July 31, 2020 as compared to the six months ended July 31, 2019:


	Six Months Ended July 31,						Change $		Change %
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Subscription	$	81,281	$	48,637	$	32,644	67	%
Professional services	20,005		12,219		7,786		64	%
Total cost of revenue	$	101,286	$	60,856	$	40,430	66	%

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Total cost of revenue increased by $40.4 million, or 66%, for the six months ended July 31, 2020, compared to the six months ended July 31, 2019. Subscription cost of revenue increased by $32.6 million, or 67%, for the six months ended July 31, 2020, compared to the six months ended July 31, 2019. The increase in subscription cost of revenue was primarily due to an increase in employee-related expenses of $11.6 million driven by a 86% increase in average headcount, an increase in cloud hosting and related services of $10.9 million driven by increased customer activity, an increase in depreciation of data center equipment of $3.4 million, an increase in stock-based compensation expense of $3.1 million, an increase in allocated overhead costs of $2.4 million, an increase in the amortization of internal use software of $0.7 million, and an increase in employee health insurance expense of $0.6 million.

Professional services cost of revenue increased by $7.8 million, or 64%, for the six months ended July 31, 2020, compared to the six months ended July 31, 2019. The increase in professional services cost of revenue was primarily due to an increase in employee-related expenses of $5.4 million driven by an increase in average headcount of 54%, an increase in stock-based compensation expense of $1.6 million, and an increase in allocated overhead costs of $0.6 million.

The following shows gross profit and gross margin for subscriptions and professional services for the six months ended July 31, 2020 as compared to the six months ended July 31, 2019:


	Six Months Ended July 31,						Change $		Change %
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Subscription gross profit	$	265,197	$	134,929	$	130,268	97	%
Professional services gross profit	10,566		8,400		2,166		26	%
Total gross profit	$	275,763	$	143,329	$	132,434	92	%


	Six Months Ended July 31,						Change %
	2020		2019
Subscription gross margin	77	%	74	%	3	%
Professional services gross margin	35	%	41	%	(6)	%
Total gross margin	73	%	70	%	3	%

Subscription gross margin increased by three percentage points for the six months ended July 31, 2020, compared to the six months ended July 31, 2019. This increase was a result of continuing to shift more of our operations from third-party cloud service providers to colocation data centers, renegotiating the terms of a third-party cloud service provider contract, and lower than typical travel given COVID-19 travel restrictions. This increase in gross margin was also due to the continued expansion of module adoption by our customer base. As of July 31, 2020, 57% of our customer base had adopted four or more modules and 39% of our customer base had adopted five or more modules. As of July 31, 2019, 50% of our customer base had adopted four or more modules and 27% of our customer base had adopted five or more modules. Our “collect once, reuse many” data strategy means that after the first module is paid for and covers the cost of data storage and most computational costs, each additional subscription module carries a higher margin. We expect gross margin to fluctuate quarter to quarter given the timing of turning on new cloud data centers in new geographies to accommodate increased activity and demand.

Professional services gross margin decreased by six percentage points for the six months ended July 31, 2020, compared to the six months ended July 31, 2019. The decrease in professional services gross margin was due to a decrease in utilization during the six months ended July 31, 2020 compared to the six months ended July 31, 2019.

Operating Expenses

Sales and Marketing

The following shows sales and marketing expenses for the six months ended July 31, 2020 as compared to the six months ended July 31, 2019:


	Six Months Ended July 31,						Change $		Change %
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Sales and marketing expenses	$	183,265	$	122,117	$	61,148	50	%

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Sales and marketing expenses increased by $61.1 million, or 50%, for the six months ended July 31, 2020, compared to the six months ended July 31, 2019. The increase in sales and marketing expenses was primarily due to an increase in employee-related expenses of $36.6 million driven by an increase in sales and marketing average headcount of 42%, an increase in stock-based compensation of $14.1 million, an increase in marketing programs of $6.6 million, an increase in allocated overhead costs of $3.9 million, an increase in company events of $1.4 million, and increase in employee health insurance expense of $0.9 million, partially offset by a $5.5 million decrease in travel-related costs due to the fact that, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, all of our workforce was working from home and not traveling during the second quarter of fiscal 2021.

Research and Development

The following shows research and development expenses for the six months ended July 31, 2020 as compared to the six months ended July 31, 2019:


	Six Months Ended July 31,						Change $		Change %
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Research and development expenses	$	91,061	$	55,505	$	35,556	64	%

Research and development expenses increased by $35.6 million, or 64%, for the six months ended July 31, 2020, compared to the six months ended July 31, 2019. This increase was primarily due to an increase in employee-related expenses of $19.0 million driven by an increase in research and development average headcount of 53%, an increase in stock-based compensation of $8.3 million, an increase in cloud hosting and related costs of $4.1 million, an increase in allocated overhead costs of $2.8 million, an increase in depreciation of data center equipment of $1.7 million, and an increase in employee health insurance expense of $0.7 million, partially offset by a $1.5 million decrease in travel-related costs due to the fact that, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, all of our workforce was working from home and not traveling during the second quarter of fiscal 2021.

General and Administrative

The following shows general and administrative expenses for the six months ended July 31, 2020 as compared to the six months ended July 31, 2019:


	Six Months Ended July 31,						Change $		Change %
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
General and administrative expenses	$	54,004	$	42,122	$	11,882	28	%

General and administrative expenses increased by $11.9 million, or 28%, for the six months ended July 31, 2020, compared to the six months ended July 31, 2019. The increase in general and administrative expenses was primarily due an increase in employee-related expenses of $6.2 million driven by an increase in general and administrative average headcount of 71%, an increase in corporate insurance expense of $2.1 million, an increase in overhead costs of $1.3 million, an increase in legal expenses of $1.2 million, an increase in accounting expenses of $0.9 million, and an increase in stock-based compensation expense of $0.6 million.

Interest Expense and Other Income (Expense), Net

The following shows Interest expense and Other income (expense), net, for the six months ended July 31, 2020 as compared to the six months ended July 31, 2019:


	Six Months Ended July 31,						Change $		Change %
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Interest expense	$	(317)	$	(165)	$	(152)	92	%
Other income (expense), net	$	5,265	$	(56)	$	5,321	(9,502)	%

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Interest expense consists of the amortization of debt issuance costs related to our revolving credit facility as discussed in Note 5 of our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Other income (expense), net, was an expense of $0.1 million for the six months ended July 31, 2019 compared to income of $5.3 million the six months ended July 31, 2020. This increase of $5.3 million was driven primarily by a decrease in expense related to the fair value of redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants of $6.0 million as the warrants were converted into common stock upon our IPO in June 2019, and an increase in realized gain on marketable securities of $1.3 million due to our having liquidated our portfolio of marketable securities during the first quarter of fiscal 2021 in response to the economic uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by a decrease in income from a legal settlement of $1.3 million which occurred during the three months ended July 31, 2019 and a decrease in interest income of $0.4 million.

Provision for Income Taxes

The following shows the provision for income taxes for the six months ended July 31, 2020 as compared to the six months ended July 31, 2019:


	Six Months Ended July 31,						Change $		Change %
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)
Provision for income taxes	$	(1,477)	$	(1,230)	$	(247)	20	%

The increase in the provision for income taxes of $0.2 million during the six months ended July 31, 2020 compared to the six months ended July 31, 2019 was primarily due to income tax expense related to the realized gain on the sale of marketable securities.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

In addition to our results determined in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, we believe the following non-GAAP measures are useful in evaluating our operating performance. We use the following non-GAAP financial information to evaluate our ongoing operations and for internal planning and forecasting purposes. We believe that non-GAAP financial information, when taken collectively, may be helpful to investors because it provides consistency and comparability with past financial performance. However, non-GAAP financial information is presented for supplemental informational purposes only, has limitations as an analytical tool, and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for financial information presented in accordance with GAAP. In particular, free cash flow is not a substitute for cash used in operating activities. Additionally, the utility of free cash flow as a measure of our financial performance and liquidity is further limited as it does not represent the total increase or decrease in our cash balance for a given period. In addition, other companies, including companies in our industry, may calculate similarly-titled non-GAAP measures differently or may use other measures to evaluate their performance, all of which could reduce the usefulness of our non-GAAP financial measures as tools for comparison. A reconciliation is provided below for each non-GAAP financial measure to the most directly comparable financial measure stated in accordance with GAAP. Investors are encouraged to review the related GAAP financial measures and the reconciliation of these non-GAAP financial measures to their most directly comparable GAAP financial measures and not rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.

We believe that these non-GAAP financial measures as presented in the tables below, when taken together with the corresponding GAAP financial measures, provide meaningful supplemental information regarding our performance by excluding certain items that may not be indicative of our business, results of operations, or outlook.

Non-GAAP Subscription Gross Profit and Non-GAAP Subscription Gross Margin

We define non-GAAP subscription gross profit and non-GAAP subscription gross margin as GAAP subscription gross profit and GAAP subscription gross margin, respectively, excluding stock-based compensation expense and amortization of acquired intangible assets. We believe non-GAAP subscription gross profit and non-GAAP subscription gross margin provide our management and investors consistency and comparability with our past financial performance and facilitate period-to-period comparisons of operations, as these measures eliminate the effects of certain variables unrelated to our overall operating performance.

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The following table presents a reconciliation of our non-GAAP subscription gross profit to our GAAP subscription gross profit and of our non-GAAP subscription gross margin to our GAAP subscription gross margin as of the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended July 31,									Six Months Ended July 31,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
	(dollars in thousands)									(dollars in thousands)
GAAP subscription revenue	$	184,256		$	97,575		$	346,478		$	183,566

GAAP subscription gross profit	$	140,219		$	72,629		$	265,197		$	134,929
Add: Stock-based compensation expense	2,635			1,233			4,630			1,498
Add: Amortization of acquired intangible assets	63			97			125			201
Non-GAAP subscription gross profit	$	142,917		$	73,959		$	269,952		$	136,628

GAAP subscription gross margin	76		%	74		%	77		%	74		%

Non-GAAP subscription gross margin	78		%	76		%	78		%	74		%

Non-GAAP Income (Loss) from Operations and Non-GAAP Operating Margin

We define non-GAAP income (loss) from operations and non-GAAP operating margin as GAAP loss from operations and GAAP operating margin, respectively, excluding stock-based compensation expense, amortization of acquired intangible assets, and acquisition-related expenses. We believe non-GAAP income (loss) from operations and non-GAAP operating margin provide our management and investors consistency and comparability with our past financial performance and facilitate period-to-period comparisons of operations, as these metrics generally eliminate the effects of certain variables unrelated to our overall operating performance.

The following table presents a reconciliation of our non-GAAP income (loss) from operations to our GAAP loss from operations and our non-GAAP operating margin to our GAAP operating margin as of the periods presented:


	Three Months Ended July 31,									Six Months Ended July 31,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
	(dollars in thousands)									(dollars in thousands)
Total revenue	$	198,971		$	108,108		$	377,049		$	204,185

GAAP loss from operations	$	(29,991)		$	(50,639)		$	(52,567)		$	(76,415)
Add: Stock-based compensation expense	37,713			29,859			61,351			33,611
Add: Amortization of acquired intangible assets	104			139			207			285
Non-GAAP income (loss) from operations	$	7,826		$	(20,641)		$	8,991		$	(42,519)

GAAP operating margin	(15)		%	(47)		%	(14)		%	(37)		%

Non-GAAP operating margin	4		%	(19)		%	2		%	(21)		%

Free Cash Flow and Free Cash Flow Margin

Free cash flow is a non-GAAP financial measure that we define as net cash provided by (used in) operating activities less purchases of property and equipment and capitalized internal-use software. Free cash flow margin is calculated as free cash flow divided by total revenue. We believe that free cash flow and free cash flow margin are useful indicators of liquidity that provide useful information to management and investors about the amount of cash consumed by our operating activities that is therefore not available to be used for other strategic initiatives. One limitation of free cash flow and free cash flow margin is that they do not reflect our future contractual commitments. Additionally, free cash flow does not represent the total increase or decrease in our cash balance for a given period. In addition, other companies may calculate free cash flow differently or not at all, which reduces the usefulness of free cash flow as a tool for comparison.

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The following table presents a reconciliation of free cash flow and free cash flow margin to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:


	Three Months Ended July 31,									Six Months Ended July 31,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
	(dollars in thousands)									(dollars in thousands)
Total revenue	$	198,971		$	108,108		$	377,049		$	204,185

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	55,025			(6,214)			153,602			(4,799)
Less: Purchases of property and equipment	(20,640)			(21,618)			(30,334)			(37,159)
Less: Capitalized internal-use software	(1,968)			(1,326)			(3,850)			(3,310)
Free cash flow	$	32,417		$	(29,158)		$	119,418		$	(45,268)

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	$	(23,608)		$	(34,392)		$	611,103		$	(30,254)
Net cash provided by financing activities	$	27,542		$	680,684		$	34,435		$	679,802

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities as a percentage of revenue	28		%	(6)		%	41		%	(2)		%
Less: Purchases of property and equipment as a percentage of revenue	(10)		%	(20)		%	(8)		%	(18)		%
Less: Capitalized internal-use software as a percentage of revenue	(1)		%	(1)		%	(1)		%	(2)		%
Free cash flow margin	16		%	(27)		%	32		%	(22)		%

Liquidity and Capital Resources

In June 2019, upon completion of our IPO, we received net proceeds of $659.2 million, after deducting underwriters’ discounts and commissions and offering expenses of $44.8 million.

As of July 31, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents, consisting of highly liquid money market funds, of $1.06 billion. During the first quarter of fiscal 2021, we liquidated our entire portfolio of marketable securities largely in response to the global economic uncertainty in conjunction with the COVID-19 pandemic. This resulted in the recognition of a realized gain of $1.3 million.

Since our inception, we have generated operating losses, as reflected in our accumulated deficit of $686.6 million as of July 31, 2020. We expect to continue to incur operating losses for the foreseeable future due to the investments we intend to continue to make in sales and marketing and research and development, and due to additional general and administrative costs incurred as a result of operating as a public company. As a result, we may require additional capital resources to execute strategic initiatives to grow our business.

We typically invoice our subscription customers annually in advance. Therefore, a substantial source of our cash is from such prepayments, which are included on our condensed consolidated balance sheets as deferred revenue. Deferred revenue primarily consists of billed fees for our subscriptions, prior to satisfying the criteria for revenue recognition, which are subsequently recognized as revenue in accordance with our revenue recognition policy. As of July 31, 2020, we had deferred revenue of $689.8 million, of which $515.1 million was recorded as a current liability and is expected to be recorded as revenue in the next 12 months, provided all other revenue recognition criteria have been met.

Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flows for the periods presented:


	Six Months Ended July 31,
	2020		2019
	(in thousands)

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities	$	153,602	$	(4,799)
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	611,103		(30,254)
Net cash provided by financing activities	34,435		679,802

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Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities during the six months ended July 31, 2020 was $153.6 million, which resulted from a net loss of $49.1 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $111.6 million and net cash inflow of $91.1 million from changes in operating assets and liabilities. Non-cash charges primarily consisted of $61.4 million in stock-based compensation expense, $28.2 million of amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs, $17.6 million of depreciation and amortization, and $4.9 million of non-cash operating lease costs. The net cash inflow from changes in operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a $118.7 million increase in deferred revenue, a $16.0 million decrease in accounts receivable, a $5.3 million increase in other liabilities, and a $9.6 million increase in accounts payable, partially offset by $49.0 million increase in deferred contract acquisition costs and a $8.1 million decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities.

Net cash used in operating activities during the six months ended July 31, 2019 was $4.8 million, which resulted from a net loss of $77.9 million, adjusted for non-cash charges of $64.4 million and net cash inflow of $8.7 million from changes in operating assets and liabilities. Non-cash charges primarily consisted of $33.6 million in stock-based compensation expense, $15.1 million of amortization of deferred contract acquisition costs, $10.2 million of depreciation and amortization and, $6.0 million due to the change in the fair value of our redeemable convertible preferred stock warrant liability. The net cash inflow from changes in operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a $79.4 million increase in deferred revenue, partially offset by a $27.8 million increase in deferred contract acquisition costs, a $22.8 million increase in accounts receivable, a $12.5 million increase in prepaid expenses and other assets, a $5.9 million decrease in accounts payable, and a $2.1 million decrease in accrued expenses and other current liabilities.

Investing Activities

Net cash provided by investing activities during the six months ended July 31, 2020 of $611.1 million was primarily due to the sale of marketable securities of $639.6 million and the maturities of marketable securities of $91.6 million, partially offset by purchases of marketable securities of $84.9 million and purchases of property and equipment of $30.3 million.

Net cash used by investing activities during the six months ended July 31, 2019 of $30.3 million was primarily due to purchases of marketable securities of $117.6 million and purchases of property and equipment of $37.2 million, partially offset by maturities of marketable securities of $123.3 million.

Financing Activities

Net cash provided by financing activities of $34.4 million during the six months ended July 31, 2020 was primarily due to proceeds from employee stock purchase plan of $17.3 million and proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $16.6 million.

Net cash used in financing activities of $679.8 million during the six months ended July 31, 2019 was primarily due to our IPO. On June 14, 2019, we closed our IPO in which we sold 20,700,000 shares of Class A common stock. The shares were sold at a public offering price of $34.00 per share for net proceeds of $659.2 million, after deducting underwriters’ discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses of $44.8 million. In addition, there was proceeds from the exercise of stock options of $18.8 million during the six months ended July 31, 2019.

Debt Obligations

In April 2019, we entered into a Credit Agreement with Silicon Valley Bank and other lenders to provide a revolving line of credit of up to $150.0 million, including a letter of credit sub-facility in the aggregate amount of $10.0 million, and a swingline sub-facility in the aggregate amount of $10.0 million. We also have the option to request an incremental facility of up to an additional $75.0 million from one or more of the lenders under the Credit Agreement. The amount we may borrow under the Credit Agreement may not exceed the lesser of $150.0 million or our ordinary course recurring subscription revenue for the most recent month, as determined under the Credit Agreement, multiplied by a number that is (i) 6, for the first year after entry into the Credit Agreement; (ii) 5, for the second year after entry into the Credit Agreement; and (iii) 4, thereafter. Under the terms of the Credit Agreement, revolving loans may be either Eurodollar Loans or ABR Loans. Outstanding Eurodollar Loans incur interest at the Eurodollar Rate, which is defined in the Credit Agreement as LIBOR (or any successor thereto), plus a margin between 2.50% and 3.00%, depending on usage. Outstanding ABR Loans incur interest at the highest of (a) the Prime Rate, as published by the Wall Street Journal, (b) the federal funds rate in effect for such day plus 0.50%, and (c) the Eurodollar Rate plus 1.00%, in each case plus a margin between 1.50% and 2.00%, depending on usage. We are charged a commitment fee of 0.20% to 0.30% per year for committed but unused amounts. The Credit Agreement will terminate on April 19, 2022.

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The Credit Agreement is collateralized by substantially all of our current and future property, rights, and assets, including, but not limited to, cash, goods, equipment, contractual rights, financial assets, and intangible assets of the Company and our subsidiaries. The Credit Agreement contains covenants limiting our ability to, among other things, dispose of assets, undergo a change in control, merge or consolidate, make acquisitions, incur debt, incur liens, pay dividends, repurchase stock, and make investments, in each case subject to certain exceptions. The Credit Agreement also contains financial covenants requiring us to maintain the year-over-year growth rate of our ordinary course recurring subscription revenue above specified rates and to maintain minimum liquidity at specified levels. The Credit Agreement also contains events of default that include, among others, non-payment of principal, interest, or fees, breach of covenants, inaccuracy of representations and warranties, cross defaults to certain other indebtedness, bankruptcy and insolvency events, and material judgments. We were in compliance with all covenants under the Credit Agreement as of July 31, 2020.

No amounts were outstanding under the Credit Agreement as of July 31, 2020.

Strategic Investments

In July 2019, we agreed to commit up to $10.0 million to a newly formed entity, CrowdStrike Falcon Fund LLC (“Falcon Fund”), in exchange for 50% of the sharing percentage of any distribution by Falcon Fund. Additionally, entities associated with Accel, a holder of more than 5% of our capital stock, also agreed to commit up to $10.0 million to Falcon Fund and collectively own the remaining 50% of the sharing percentage of Falcon Fund. Falcon Fund is in the business of purchasing, selling, investing and trading in minority equity and convertible debt securities of privately-held companies that develop applications that have potential for substantial contribution to CrowdStrike and its platform. Falcon Fund has a duration of ten years which may be extended for three additional years. At dissolution, Falcon Fund will be liquidated and the remaining assets will be distributed to the investors based on their sharing percentage. As of July 31, 2020, we had contributed $2.0 million to Falcon Fund.

Contractual Obligations and Commitments

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of July 31, 2020 and the fiscal years in which these obligations are due:


	Total		2021		2022		2023		2024		2025		Thereafter
	(in thousands)
Real estate arrangements⁽¹⁾	$	51,401	$	4,262	$	11,413	$	10,856	$	10,785	$	9,934	$	4,151
Data center commitments⁽²⁾	140,838		30,731		79,955		11,049		11,211		3,984		3,908
Other purchase obligations⁽³⁾	28,907		14,761		13,012		980		140		14		—
Total	$	221,146	$	49,754	$	104,380	$	22,885	$	22,136	$	13,932	$	8,059

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(1)Relates to non-cancellable real estate arrangements where the amounts are reflected on an undiscounted basis. For additional information refer to Note 7 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

(2)Relates to non-cancelable commitments to data center vendors.

(3)Relates to non-cancelable purchase commitments with various parties to purchase products and services entered into in the normal course of business.

The contractual commitment amounts in the table above are associated with agreements that are enforceable and legally binding. Obligations under contracts, including purchase orders, that we can cancel without a significant penalty are not included in the table above. Purchase orders issued in the ordinary course of business are not included in the table above, as such purchase orders represent authorizations to purchase rather than binding agreements.

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Indemnification

Our subscription agreements contain standard indemnification obligations. Pursuant to these agreements, we will indemnify, defend, and hold the other party harmless with respect to a claim, suit, or proceeding brought against the other party by a third party alleging that our intellectual property infringes upon the intellectual property of the third party, or results from a breach of our representations and warranties or covenants, or that results from any acts of negligence or willful misconduct. The term of these indemnification agreements is generally perpetual any time after the execution of the agreement. Typically, these indemnification provisions do not provide for a maximum potential amount of future payments we could be required to make. However, in the past we have not been obligated to make significant payments for these obligations and no liabilities have been recorded for these obligations on our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of July 31, 2020 or January 31, 2020.

We also indemnify our officers and directors for certain events or occurrences, subject to certain limits, while the officer is or was serving at our request in such capacity. The maximum amount of potential future indemnification is unlimited. However, our director and officer insurance policy limits our exposure and enables us to recover a portion of any future amounts paid. Historically, we have not been obligated to make any payments for these obligations and no liabilities have been recorded for these obligations on our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of July 31, 2020 or January 31, 2020.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon our financial statements and notes to our financial statements, which were prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of the financial statements requires our management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Our management evaluates our estimates on an ongoing basis, including those related to the allowance for doubtful accounts, the carrying value and useful lives of long-lived assets, the fair value of financial instruments, the recognition and disclosure of contingent liabilities, and stock-based compensation. We base our estimates and judgments on our historical experience, knowledge of factors affecting our business and our belief as to what could occur in the future considering available information and assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.

The accounting estimates we use in the preparation of our financial statements will change as new events occur, more experience is acquired, additional information is obtained and our operating environment changes. Changes in estimates are made when circumstances warrant. Such changes in estimates and refinements in estimation methodologies are reflected in our reported results of operations and, if material, the effects of changes in estimates are disclosed in the notes to our financial statements. By their nature, these estimates and judgments are subject to an inherent degree of uncertainty and actual results could differ materially from the amounts reported based on these estimates.

Our significant accounting policies are more fully described in Note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements. Our critical accounting policies and our more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements are discussed in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended January 31, 2020, filed with the SEC on March 23, 2020, and there have been no significant changes to these policies for the six months ended July 31, 2020, except in regards to our adoption of ASC 842 as discussed below.

In February 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which requires lessees to generally recognize on the balance sheet operating and financing lease liabilities and corresponding right-of-use assets, and to recognize on the income statement the expenses in a manner similar to prior practice. We adopted this new standard using the modified retrospective method as of February 1, 2020 and elected the transition option that allows us not to restate the comparative periods in our financial statements in the year of adoption.

In adopting the leasing standard, we elected the following practical expedients:

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We used our original assumptions for operating leases entered into prior to adoption, electing not to use the hindsight practical expedient.

Lease payments consist primarily of the fixed payments under the arrangement, less any lease incentives such as tenant improvement allowance. We use an estimate of our incremental borrowing rate (IBR) based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of lease payments, unless the implicit rate is readily determinable. In determining the appropriate IBR, we consider information including, but not limited to, our credit rating, the lease term, and the currency in which the arrangement is denominated. For leases which commenced prior to our adoption of Topic 842, we used the IBR on January 31, 2020.

Backlog

We enter into both single and multi-year subscription contracts for our solutions. We generally invoice the entire amount at contract signing prior to commencement of subscription period. Until such time as these amounts are invoiced, they are not recorded in deferred revenue or elsewhere in our condensed consolidated financial statements, and are considered by us to be backlog. As of July 31, 2020, we had backlog of approximately $235.6 million. Of this amount, approximately $78.8 million is not reasonably expected to be billed in the next twelve months. We expect backlog will change from period to period for several reasons, including the timing and duration of customer agreements, varying billing cycles of subscription agreements, and the timing and duration of customer renewals. Because revenue for any period is a function of revenue recognized from deferred revenue under contracts in existence at the beginning of the period, as well as contract renewals and new customer contracts during the period, backlog at the beginning of any period is not necessarily indicative of future revenue performance. We do not utilize backlog as a key management metric internally.

Seasonality

Given the annual budget approval process of many of our customers, we see seasonal patterns in our business. We expect these seasonal variations to become more pronounced in future periods, with net new ARR generation being greater in the second half of the year, particularly in the fourth quarter, as compared to the first half of the year. In addition, we also experience seasonality in our operating margin, with a lower margin in the first half of our fiscal year due to a step up in costs for payroll taxes, new hires, and annual sales and marketing events. This also impacts the timing of operating cash flow and free cash flow.

Employees

As of July 31, 2020, we had 2,838 full-time employees. We also engage temporary employees and consultants as needed to support our operations. None of our employees in the United States are represented by a labor union or subject to a collective bargaining agreement. In certain countries in which we operate, we are subject to, and comply with, local labor law requirements which may automatically make our employees subject to industry-wide collective bargaining agreements. We may be required to comply with the terms of these collective bargaining agreements. We have not experienced any work stoppages, and we consider our relations with our employees to be good.

Corporate Information

CrowdStrike, Inc. was incorporated in the state of Delaware in August 2011. We then incorporated CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. in the state of Delaware in November 2011, which acquired all shares of CrowdStrike, Inc. held by Warburg Pincus Private Equity X, L.P. and Warburg Pincus X Partners, L.P., or Warburg Pincus, such that CrowdStrike, Inc. became our wholly-owned subsidiary. Our principal executive offices are located at 150 Mathilda Place, Suite 300, Sunnyvale, California 94086, and our telephone number is (888) 512-8906. Our website address is www.crowdstrike.com. Information contained on, or that can be accessed through, our website does not constitute part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not have any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities. We do not have any outstanding derivative financial instruments, off-balance sheet guarantees, interest rate swap transactions, or foreign currency forward contracts.

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JOBS Act Accounting Election

We are an emerging growth company, as defined in the JOBS Act. Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can delay adopting new or revised accounting standards issued subsequent to the enactment of the JOBS Act until such time as those standards apply to private companies. In particular, Section 107 of the JOBS Act provides that an emerging growth company can take advantage of the extended transition period provided in Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act for complying with new or revised accounting standards. Thus, an emerging growth company can delay the adoption of certain accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. We have elected to avail ourselves of this extended transition period and, as a result, we may not adopt new or revised accounting standards on the relevant dates on which adoption of such standards is required for other public companies until required by private company accounting standards.

On the last business day of our second quarter in 2020, the aggregate market value of our shares held by non-affiliate stockholders exceeded $700 million. As a result, as of January 31, 2021, we will be considered a large accelerated filer as defined in Rule 12b-2 under the Exchange Act, and we will cease to be an emerging growth company as defined in the JOBS Act. We will no longer be exempt from the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and our independent registered public accounting firm will evaluate and report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

See Note 2 to our condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, for more information about the impact of certain recent accounting pronouncements on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We have operations in the United States and internationally, and we are exposed to market risk in the ordinary course of business.

Inflation Rate Risk

We do not believe that inflation has had a material effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. Nonetheless, if our costs were to become subject to significant inflationary pressures, we may not be able to fully offset such higher costs through price increases. Our inability or failure to do so could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Interest Rate Risk

Our cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of cash on hand and highly liquid investments in corporate debt securities and money market funds. Our investments are exposed to market risk due to fluctuations in interest rates, which may affect our interest income and the fair value of our investments. As of July 31, 2020, we had cash and cash equivalents of $1.06 billion and no marketable securities. The carrying amount of our cash equivalents reasonably approximates fair value due to the short maturities of these instruments. The primary objectives of our investment activities are the preservation of capital, the fulfillment of liquidity needs, and the fiduciary control of cash and investments. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. However, due to the short-term nature of our investment portfolio, the effect of a hypothetical 100 basis point change in interest rates would not have had a material effect on the fair market value of our portfolio as of July 31, 2020. We therefore do not expect our results of operations or cash flows to be materially affected by a sudden change in market interest rates.

Foreign Currency Risk

To date, all of our sales contracts have been denominated in U.S. dollars. A portion of our operating expenses are incurred outside the United States, denominated in foreign currencies and subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, particularly changes in the British Pound, Australian Dollar, and Euro. The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is that country’s local currency. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recorded to Other income (expense), net. As of July 31, 2020, the cumulative foreign currency exchange rate loss recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) was $1.4 million. A hypothetical 10% decrease in the U.S. dollar against other currencies would have resulted in an increase in operating loss of approximately $7.2 million for the six months ended July 31, 2020. As the impact of foreign currency exchange rates has not been material to our historical results of operations, we have not entered into derivative or hedging transactions, but we may do so in the future if our exposure to foreign currency becomes more significant.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We maintain “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rule 13a–15(e) and Rule 15d–15(e) under the Exchange Act that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and our Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of July 31, 2020. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of July 31, 2020, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

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Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rules 13a-15(d) and 15d-15(d) under the Exchange Act that occurred during the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

A control system, no matter how well conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Inherent limitations in all control systems include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty, and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost–effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

We are currently involved in proceedings before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (“TTAB”) at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) regarding our U.S. trademark registrations for “CrowdStrike Falcon” and our U.S. application to register our “Falcon OverWatch” trademark. On November 23, 2016, Fair Isaac Corporation (“FICO”) filed a Petition for Cancellation of our “CrowdStrike Falcon” trademark registrations and a Notice of Opposition against our “Falcon OverWatch” trademark application before the USPTO, TTAB. On January 3, 2017, we filed answers to both the cancellation and opposition proceedings, and the proceedings thereafter were consolidated. On November 21, 2018, we filed a Petition for Partial Cancellation or Amendment of one of FICO’s “Falcon” trademark registrations, and on December 10, 2018, the parties filed a joint request to consolidate the proceedings and adjust the schedule. On January 16, 2019, FICO moved to dismiss our petition. On July 2, 2019, the TTAB consolidated the proceedings and granted FICO’s motion to dismiss with leave to amend. On July 22, 2019, we filed an Amended Petition for Cancellation or Amendment and on August 12, 2019, FICO moved to dismiss our Amended Petition for Cancellation or Amendment. On January 31, 2020, the TTAB denied the motion to dismiss as to two grounds for partial cancellation and as to the request for amendment, and granted the motion as to a third ground for partial cancellation of one of FICO’s “Falcon” registrations and the claim for abandonment of both of FICO’s “Falcon” trademark registrations, with the right to reassert both claims for relief. On March 18, 2020, we filed a motion for leave to file a Second Amended Petition to include a claim for abandonment for two of FICO’s “Falcon” trademark registrations. On August 3, 2020, the TTAB granted the motion for leave to file in part, and set a new schedule for the consolidated proceedings, with trial periods set to begin in May 2021. On August 13, 2020, we filed a separate petition to cancel one of FICO’s Falcon trademark registrations, and on August 24, 2020, we filed a Second Amended petition for Cancellation or Amendment as to the other FICO Falcon trademark registrations. We are vigorously defending the case, but given the early stage, although a loss may reasonably be possible, we are unable to predict the likelihood of success of FICO’s claims or estimate a loss or a range of loss. As a result, no liability has been recorded as of July 31, 2020 or January 31, 2020.

In addition, from time to time, we are party to various litigation matters and subject to claims that arise in the ordinary course of business. In addition, third parties may from time to time assert claims against us in the form of letters and other communications. For any claims for which we believe a liability is both probable and reasonably estimable, we record a liability in the period for which it makes this determination. There is no pending or threatened legal proceeding to which we are a party that, in our opinion, is likely to have a material adverse effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements; however, the results of litigation and claims are inherently unpredictable. Regardless of the outcome, litigation can have an adverse impact on our business because of defense and settlement costs, diversion of management resources, and other factors. In addition, the expense of litigation and the timing of this expense from period to period are difficult to estimate, subject to change and could adversely affect our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

A description of the risks and uncertainties associated with our business is set forth below. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, as well as the other information in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including our condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The occurrence of any of the events or developments described below, or of additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial, could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and growth prospects. In such an event, the market price of our Class A common stock could decline, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

The COVID-19 pandemic could adversely affect our business, operating results and future revenue.

In March 2020, the World Health Organization characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic and the President of the United States declared the COVID-19 outbreak a national emergency. Since then, the COVID-19 pandemic has rapidly spread across the globe and has already resulted in significant volatility, uncertainty and economic disruption. While the COVID-19 pandemic has not had a material adverse financial impact on our business to date, the future impacts of the pandemic and any resulting economic impact are largely unknown. It is possible that the COVID-19 pandemic, the measures taken by the governments of countries affected and the resulting economic impact may materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and future revenue. Additionally, due to our subscription-based business model, the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic may not be fully reflected in our results of operations until future periods, if at all.

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Preventative measures instituted by governments and businesses to mitigate the spread of COVID-19, including travel restrictions, social distancing requirements, shelter in place orders, and quarantines, have negatively impacted the global economy and may adversely impact us, our customers and vendors. Some of our customers have been negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic which could affect our revenues. Customers may also request revised payment terms. If such a demand for revised payment terms occurs, some delays in accounts receivable collection would result. A prolonged economic downturn could result in a larger customer churn than we currently anticipate and reduced demand for our products and services, in which case our revenues could be significantly impacted.

The extent to which COVID-19 ultimately impacts our results of operations, cash flow and financial position will depend on future developments, which are uncertain and cannot be predicted, including, but not limited to, the duration and spread of the outbreak, its severity, the actions taken by governments and authorities to contain the virus or treat its impact, and how quickly and to what extent normal economic and operating conditions can resume. These uncertainties have resulted in volatility in securities and financial markets, which may prevent us from accessing the equity or debt capital markets on attractive terms or at all for a period of time, which could have an adverse effect on our liquidity position. Even after the COVID-19 pandemic has subsided, we may experience material adverse impacts to our business as a result of its global economic impact, including as a result of any recession that may occur. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may also exacerbate other risks discussed in this “Risk Factors” section and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. For these reasons, the current level of uncertainty over the economic and operational impacts of COVID-19 means the impact on our results of operations, cash flows and financial position cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. Adverse global economic conditions, like the ones we are currently experiencing during the COVID-19 pandemic, could adversely impact our business and financial condition.

Adverse global economic conditions like the ones we are currently experiencing because of the COVID-19 pandemic and uncertain conditions in the credit markets have created, and in the future may increase risk to our financial outlook.

The uncertain global economy could also result in material churn in our customer base, reductions in revenues from our offerings, longer sales cycles, slower adoption of new technologies and increased price competition, which could adversely affect our liquidity. Customers and vendors filing for bankruptcy could also lead to costly and time-intensive actions with adverse effects, including greater difficulty or delay in accounts receivable collection.

We have experienced rapid growth in recent periods, and if we do not manage our future growth, our business and results of operations will be adversely affected.

We have experienced rapid revenue growth in recent periods and we expect to continue to invest broadly across our organization to support our growth. For example, our headcount grew from 910 employees as of January 31, 2018, to 2,838 employees as of July 31, 2020. Although we have experienced rapid growth historically, we may not sustain our current growth rates, nor can we assure you that our investments to support our growth will be successful. The growth and expansion of our business will require us to invest significant financial and operational resources and the continuous dedication of our management team. We have encountered and will continue to encounter risks and difficulties frequently experienced by rapidly growing companies in evolving industries, including market acceptance of our Falcon platform, adding new customers, intense competition, and our ability to manage our costs and operating expenses. Our future success will depend in part on our ability to manage our growth effectively, which will require us to, among other things:

•effectively attract, integrate, and retain a large number of new employees, particularly members of our sales and marketing and research and development teams;

•further improve our Falcon platform, including our cloud modules, and IT infrastructure, including expanding and optimizing our data centers, to support our business needs;

•enhance our information and communication systems to ensure that our employees and offices around the world are well coordinated and can effectively communicate with each other and our growing base of channel partners and customers; and

•improve our financial, management, and compliance systems and controls.

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If we fail to achieve these objectives effectively, our ability to manage our expected growth, ensure uninterrupted operation of our Falcon platform and key business systems, and comply with the rules and regulations applicable to our business could be impaired. Additionally, the quality of our platform and services could suffer and we may not be able to adequately address competitive challenges. Any of the foregoing could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We have a history of losses and may not be able to achieve or sustain profitability in the future.

We have incurred net losses in all periods since our inception, and we may not achieve or maintain profitability in the future. We experienced net losses of $135.5 million, $140.1 million, and $141.8 million for fiscal 2018, fiscal 2019, and fiscal 2020, respectively. As of July 31, 2020, we had an accumulated deficit of $686.6 million. While we have experienced significant growth in revenue in recent periods, we cannot assure you when or whether we will reach or maintain profitability. We also expect our operating expenses to increase in the future as we continue to invest for our future growth, which will negatively affect our results of operations if our total revenue does not increase. We cannot assure you that these investments will result in substantial increases in our total revenue or improvements in our results of operations. In addition to the anticipated costs to grow our business, we also expect to incur significant additional legal, accounting, and other expenses as a newly public company. Any failure to increase our revenue as we invest in our business or to manage our costs could prevent us from achieving or maintaining profitability or positive cash flow.

Our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our current business and future prospects, and may increase the risk of your investment.

We were founded in November 2011 and launched our first endpoint security solution in 2013. Our limited operating history makes it difficult to evaluate our current business, future prospects, and other trends, including our ability to plan for and model future growth. We have encountered and will continue to encounter risks, uncertainties, and difficulties frequently experienced by rapidly growing companies in evolving industries, including our ability to achieve broad market acceptance of cloud-based, SaaS-delivered endpoint security solutions and our Falcon platform, attract additional customers, grow partnerships, compete effectively, build and maintain effective compliance programs, and manage increasing expenses as we continue to invest in our business. If we do not address these risks, uncertainties, and difficulties successfully, our business, and results of operations will be harmed. Further, we have limited historical financial data, and we operate in a rapidly evolving market. As a result, any predictions about our future revenue and expenses may not be as accurate as they would be if we had a longer operating history or operated in a more predictable market.

If organizations do not adopt cloud-based SaaS-delivered endpoint security solutions, our ability to grow our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.

We believe our future success will depend in large part on the growth, if any, in the market for cloud-based SaaS-delivered endpoint security solutions. The use of SaaS solutions to manage and automate security and IT operations is at an early stage and rapidly evolving. As such, it is difficult to predict its potential growth, if any, customer adoption and retention rates, customer demand for our solutions, or the success of existing competitive products. Any expansion in our market depends on a number of factors, including the cost, performance, and perceived value associated with our solutions and those of our competitors. If our solutions do not achieve widespread adoption or there is a reduction in demand for our solutions due to a lack of customer acceptance, technological challenges, competing products, privacy concerns, decreases in corporate spending, weakening economic conditions or otherwise, it could result in early terminations, reduced customer retention rates, or decreased revenue, any of which would adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial results. We do not know whether the trend in adoption of cloud-based SaaS-delivered endpoint security solutions we have experienced in the past will continue in the future. Furthermore, if we or other SaaS security providers experience security incidents, loss or disclosure of customer data, disruptions in delivery, or other problems, the market for SaaS solutions as a whole, including our security solutions, will be negatively affected. You should consider our business and prospects in light of the risks and difficulties we encounter in this new and evolving market.

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If we are unable to attract new customers, our future results of operations could be harmed.

To expand our customer base, we need to convince potential customers to allocate a portion of their discretionary budgets to purchase our Falcon platform. Our sales efforts often involve educating our prospective customers about the uses and benefits of our Falcon platform. Enterprises and governments that use legacy security products, such as signature-based or malware-based products, firewalls, intrusion prevention systems, and antivirus, for their IT security may be hesitant to purchase our Falcon platform if they believe that these products are more cost effective, provide substantially the same functionality as our Falcon platform or provide a level of IT security that is sufficient to meet their needs. We may have difficulty convincing prospective customers of the value of adopting our solution. Even if we are successful in convincing prospective customers that a cloud native platform like ours is critical to protect against cyberattacks, they may not decide to purchase our Falcon platform for a variety of reasons some of which are out of our control. For example, any deterioration in general economic conditions, including a downturn due to the outbreak of diseases such as COVID-19, may cause our current and prospective customers to cut their overall security and IT operations spending, and such cuts may fall disproportionately on cloud-based security solutions like ours. Economic weakness, customer financial difficulties, and constrained spending on security and IT operations may result in decreased revenue, reduced sales, lengthened sales cycles, increased churn, lower demand for our products, and adversely affect our results of operations and financial conditions. Additionally, if the incidence of cyberattacks were to decline, or be perceived to decline, or if organizations adopt endpoints that use operating systems we do not adequately support, our ability to attract new customers and expand sales of our solutions to existing customers could be adversely affected. If organizations do not continue to adopt our Falcon platform, our sales will not grow as quickly as anticipated, or at all, and our business, results of operations, and financial condition would be harmed.

If our customers do not renew their subscriptions for our products and add additional cloud modules to their subscriptions, our future results of operations could be harmed.

In order for us to maintain or improve our results of operations, it is important that our customers renew their subscriptions for our Falcon platform when existing contract terms expire, and that we expand our commercial relationships with our existing customers by selling additional cloud modules and by deploying to more endpoints in their environments. Our customers have no obligation to renew their subscription for our Falcon platform after the expiration of their contractual subscription period, which is generally one year, and in the normal course of business, some customers have elected not to renew. In addition, our customers may renew for shorter contract subscription lengths or cease using certain cloud modules. Our customer retention and expansion may decline or fluctuate as a result of a number of factors, including our customers’ satisfaction with our services, our pricing, customer security and networking issues and requirements, our customers’ spending levels, decreases in the number of endpoints to which our customers deploy our solutions, mergers and acquisitions involving our customers, industry developments, competition and general economic conditions. If our efforts to maintain and expand our relationships with our existing customers are not successful, our business, results of operations, and financial condition may materially suffer.

We face intense competition and could lose market share to our competitors, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

The market for security and IT operations solutions is intensely competitive, fragmented, and characterized by rapid changes in technology, customer requirements, industry standards, increasingly sophisticated attackers, and by frequent introductions of new or improved products to combat security threats. We expect to continue to face intense competition from current competitors, as well as from new entrants into the market. If we are unable to anticipate or react to these challenges, our competitive position could weaken, and we could experience a decline in revenue or reduced revenue growth, and loss of market share that would adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations. Our ability to compete effectively depends upon numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control, including, but not limited to:

•product capabilities, including performance and reliability, of our Falcon platform, including our cloud modules, services, and features compared to those of our competitors;

•our ability, and the ability of our competitors, to improve existing products, services, and features, or to develop new ones to address evolving customer needs;

•our ability to attract, retain, and motivate talented employees;

•our ability to establish and maintain relationships with channel partners;

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•the strength of our sales and marketing efforts; and

•acquisitions or consolidation within our industry, which may result in more formidable competitors.

Our competitors include the following by general category:

•legacy antivirus product providers, such as McAfee, Inc., Broadcom Inc. (Symantec), and Microsoft Corporation, who offer a broad range of approaches and solutions including traditional antivirus and signature-based protection;

•alternative endpoint security providers, such as Blackberry Cylance and VMWare, Inc. (Carbon Black), who offer point products based on malware-only or application whitelisting techniques; and

•network security vendors, such as Palo Alto Networks, Inc. and FireEye, Inc., who are supplementing their core perimeter-based offerings with endpoint security solutions.

Many of these competitors have greater financial, technical, marketing, sales, and other resources, greater name recognition, longer operating histories, and a larger base of customers than we do. They may be able to devote greater resources to the development, promotion, and sale of services than we can, and they may offer lower pricing than we do. Further, they may have greater resources for research and development of new technologies, the provision of customer support, and the pursuit of acquisitions, or they may have other financial, technical, or other resource advantages. Our larger competitors have substantially broader and more diverse product and services offerings as well as routes to market, which allows them to leverage their relationships based on other products or incorporate functionality into existing products to gain business in a manner that discourages users from purchasing our platform, including our cloud modules. Conditions in our market could change rapidly and significantly as a result of technological advancements, partnering or acquisitions by our competitors or continuing market consolidation. Some of our competitors have recently made acquisitions of businesses or have established cooperative relationships that may allow them to offer more directly competitive and comprehensive solutions than were previously offered and adapt more quickly to new technologies and customer needs. These competitive pressures in our market or our failure to compete effectively may result in price reductions, fewer orders, reduced revenue and gross margins, increased net losses and loss of market share. Further, many competitors that specialize in providing protection from a single type of security threat may be able to deliver these targeted security products to the market quicker than we can or convince organizations that these limited products meet their needs. Even if there is significant demand for cloud-based security solutions like ours, if our competitors include functionality that is, or is perceived to be, equivalent to or better than ours in legacy products that are already generally accepted as necessary components of an organization’s IT security architecture, we may have difficulty increasing the market penetration of our platform. Furthermore, even if the functionality offered by other security and IT operations providers is different and more limited than the functionality of our platform, organizations may elect to accept such limited functionality in lieu of adding products from additional vendors like us. If we are unable to compete successfully, or if competing successfully requires us to take aggressive pricing or other actions, our business, financial condition, and results of operations would be adversely affected.

Competitive pricing pressure may reduce our gross profits and adversely affect our financial results.

If we are unable to maintain our pricing due to competitive pressures or other factors, our margins will be reduced and our gross profits, business, results of operations, and financial condition would be adversely affected. The subscription prices for our Falcon platform, cloud modules, and professional services may decline for a variety of reasons, including competitive pricing pressures, discounts, anticipation of the introduction of new solutions by our competitors, or promotional programs offered by us or our competitors. Competition continues to increase in the market segments in which we operate, and we expect competition to further increase in the future. Larger competitors with more diverse product and service offerings may reduce the price of products or subscriptions that compete with ours or may bundle them with other products and subscriptions.

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If our solutions fail or are perceived to fail to detect or prevent incidents or have or are perceived to have defects, errors, or vulnerabilities, our brand and reputation would be harmed, which would adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Real or perceived defects, errors or vulnerabilities in our Falcon platform and cloud modules, the failure of our platform to detect or prevent incidents, including advanced and newly developed attacks, misconfiguration of our solutions, or the failure of customers to take action on attacks identified by our platform could harm our reputation and adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations. Because our cloud native security platform is complex, it may contain defects or errors that are not detected until after deployment. We cannot assure you that our products will detect all cyberattacks, especially in light of the rapidly changing security threat landscape that our solution seeks to address. Due to a variety of both internal and external factors, including, without limitation, defects or misconfigurations of our solutions, our solutions could become vulnerable to security incidents (both from intentional attacks and accidental causes) that cause them to fail to secure endpoints and detect and block attacks. In addition, because the techniques used by computer hackers to access or sabotage networks and endpoints change frequently and generally are not recognized until launched against a target, there is a risk that an advanced attack could emerge that our cloud native security platform is unable to detect or prevent until after some of our customers are affected. Additionally, our Falcon platform may falsely indicate a cyberattack or threat that does not actually exist, which may lessen customers’ trust in our solutions.

Moreover, as our cloud native security platform is adopted by an increasing number of enterprises and governments, it is possible that the individuals and organizations behind advanced cyberattacks will begin to focus on finding ways to defeat our security platform. If this happens, our systems and subscription customers could be specifically targeted by attackers and could result in vulnerabilities in our platform or undermine the market acceptance of our Falcon platform and could adversely affect our reputation as a provider of security solutions. Because we host customer data on our cloud platform, which in some cases may contain personally-identifiable information or potentially confidential information, a security compromise, or an accidental or intentional misconfiguration or malfunction of our platform could result in personally-identifiable information and other customer data being accessible such as to attackers or to other customers. Further, if a high profile security breach occurs with respect to another next-generation or cloud-based security system, our customers and potential customers may lose trust in cloud solutions generally, and cloud-based security solutions such as ours in particular.

Organizations are increasingly subject to a wide variety of attacks on their networks, systems, and endpoints. No security solution, including our Falcon platform, can address all possible security threats or block all methods of penetrating a network or otherwise perpetrating a security incident. If any of our customers experiences a successful cyberattack while using our solutions or services, such customer could be disappointed with our Falcon platform, regardless of whether our solutions or services blocked the theft of any of such customer’s data or were implicated in failing to block such attack. Similarly, if our solutions detect attacks against a customer but the customer does not address the vulnerability, customers and the public may erroneously believe that our solutions were not effective. Security breaches against customers that use our solutions may result in customers and the public believing that our solutions failed. Our Falcon platform may fail to detect or prevent malware, viruses, worms or similar threats for any number of reasons, including our failure to enhance and expand our Falcon platform to reflect the increasing sophistication of malware, viruses and other threats. Real or perceived security breaches of our customers’ networks could cause disruption or damage to their networks or other negative consequences and could result in negative publicity to us, damage to our reputation, and other customer relations issues, and may adversely affect our revenue and results of operations.

As a cybersecurity provider, we have been, and expect to continue to be, a target of cyberattacks. If our internal networks, systems, or data are or are perceived to have been compromised, our reputation may be damaged and our financial results may be negatively affected.

As a provider of security solutions, we have in the past been, and may in the future be, specifically targeted by bad actors for attacks intended to circumvent our security capabilities or to exploit our Falcon platform as an entry point into customers’ endpoints, networks, or systems. In particular, because we have been involved in the identification of organized cybercriminals and nation-state actors, we have been the subject of intense efforts by sophisticated cyber adversaries who seek to compromise our systems. We are also susceptible to inadvertent compromises of our systems and data, including those arising from process, coding, or human errors. A successful attack or other incident that compromises our or our customers’ data or results in an interruption of service could have a significant negative effect on our operations, reputation, financial resources, and the value of our intellectual property. We cannot assure you that any of our efforts to manage this risk, including adoption of a comprehensive incident response plan and process for detecting, mitigating, and investigating security incidents that we regularly test through table-top exercises, testing of our security protocols through additional techniques, such as penetration testing, debriefing after security incidents, to improve our security and responses, and regular briefing of our directors and officers on our cybersecurity risks, preparedness, and management, will be effective in protecting us from such attacks.

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It is virtually impossible for us to entirely eliminate the risk of such compromises, interruptions in service, or other security incidents affecting our internal systems or data, or that of our third-party service providers and vendors. Organizations are subject to a wide variety of attacks on their supply chain, networks, systems, and endpoints, and techniques used to sabotage or to obtain unauthorized access to networks in which data is stored or through which data is transmitted change frequently. Furthermore, employee error or malicious activity could compromise our systems. As a result, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate measures to prevent an intrusion into our networks, which could result in unauthorized access to customer data, intellectual property including access to our source code, and information about vulnerabilities in our product, which in turn, could reduce the effectiveness of our solutions, or lead to cyberattacks or other intrusions of our customers’ networks, litigation, governmental audits and investigations and significant legal fees, all of which could damage our relationships with our existing customers and could have a negative effect on our ability to attract and retain new customers. We have expended, and anticipate continuing to expend, significant amounts and resources in an effort to prevent security breaches and other security incidents impacting our systems and data. Since our business is focused on providing reliable security services to our customers, we believe that an actual or perceived security incident affecting, our internal systems or data or data of our customers would be especially detrimental to our reputation, customer confidence in our solution, and our business.

In addition, while we maintain insurance policies that may cover certain liabilities in connection with a cybersecurity incident, we cannot be certain that our insurance coverage will be adequate for liabilities actually incurred, that insurance will continue to be available to us on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, or that any insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could have a material adverse effect on our business, including our financial condition, results of operations and reputation.

We rely on third-party data centers, such as Amazon Web Services, and our own colocation data centers to host and operate our Falcon platform, and any disruption of or interference with our use of these facilities may negatively affect our ability to maintain the performance and reliability of our Falcon platform which could cause our business to suffer.

Our customers depend on the continuous availability of our Falcon platform. We currently host our Falcon platform and serve our customers using a mix of third-party data centers, primarily Amazon Web Services, Inc., or AWS, and our data centers, hosted in colocation facilities. Consequently, we may be subject to service disruptions as well as failures to provide adequate support for reasons that are outside of our direct control. We have experienced, and expect that in the future we may experience interruptions, delays and outages in service and availability from time to time due to a variety of factors, including infrastructure changes, human or software errors, website hosting disruptions and capacity constraints.

The following factors, many of which are beyond our control, can affect the delivery, availability, and the performance of our Falcon platform:

•the development and maintenance of the infrastructure of the internet;

•the performance and availability of third-party providers of cloud infrastructure services, such as AWS, with the necessary speed, data capacity and security for providing reliable internet access and services;

•decisions by the owners and operators of the data centers where our cloud infrastructure is deployed to terminate our contracts, discontinue services to us, shut down operations or facilities, increase prices, change service levels, limit bandwidth, declare bankruptcy or prioritize the traffic of other parties;

•physical or electronic break-ins, acts of war or terrorism, human error or interference (including by disgruntled employees, former employees or contractors) and other catastrophic events;

•cyberattacks, including denial of service attacks, targeted at us, our data centers, or the infrastructure of the internet;

•failure by us to maintain and update our cloud infrastructure to meet our data capacity requirements;

•errors, defects or performance problems in our software, including third-party software incorporated in our software;

•improper deployment or configuration of our solutions;

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•the failure of our redundancy systems, in the event of a service disruption at one of our data centers, to provide failover to other data centers in our data center network; and

•the failure of our disaster recovery and business continuity arrangements.

The adverse effects of any service interruptions on our reputation, results of operations, and financial condition may be disproportionately heightened due to the nature of our business and the fact that our customers have a low tolerance for interruptions of any duration. Interruptions or failures in our service delivery could result in a cyberattack or other security threat to one of our customers during such periods of interruption or failure. Additionally, interruptions or failures in our service could cause customers to terminate their subscriptions with us, adversely affect our renewal rates, and harm our ability to attract new customers. Our business would also be harmed if our customers believe that a cloud-based SaaS-delivered endpoint security solution is unreliable. While we do not consider them to have been material, we have experienced, and may in the future experience, service interruptions and other performance problems due to a variety of factors. The occurrence of any of these factors, or if we are unable to rapidly and cost-effectively fix such errors or other problems that may be identified, could damage our reputation, negatively affect our relationship with our customers or otherwise harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

If we do not effectively expand and train our direct sales force, we may be unable to add new customers or increase sales to our existing customers, and our business will be adversely affected.

We depend on our direct sales force to obtain new customers and increase sales with existing customers. Our ability to achieve significant revenue growth will depend, in large part, on our success in recruiting, training and retaining sufficient numbers of sales personnel, particularly in international markets. We have expanded our sales organization significantly in recent periods and expect to continue to add additional sales capabilities in the near term. There is significant competition for sales personnel with the skills and technical knowledge that we require. New hires require significant training and may take significant time before they achieve full productivity, and this delay is accentuated by our long sales cycles. Our recent hires and planned hires may not become productive as quickly as we expect, and we may be unable to hire or retain sufficient numbers of qualified individuals in the markets where we do business or plan to do business. In addition, a large percentage of our sales force is new to our company and selling our solutions, and therefore this team may be less effective than our more seasoned sales personnel. Furthermore, hiring sales personnel in new countries, or expanding our existing presence, requires upfront and ongoing expenditures that we may not recover if the sales personnel fail to achieve full productivity. We cannot predict whether, or to what extent, our sales will increase as we expand our sales force or how long it will take for sales personnel to become productive. If we are unable to hire and train a sufficient number of effective sales personnel, or the sales personnel we hire are not successful in obtaining new customers or increasing sales to our existing customer base, our business and results of operations will be adversely affected.

Because we recognize revenue from subscriptions to our platform over the term of the subscription, downturns or upturns in new business will not be immediately reflected in our results of operations.

We generally recognize revenue from customers ratably over the terms of their subscription, which is generally one year. As a result, a substantial portion of the revenue we report in each period is attributable to the recognition of deferred revenue relating to agreements that we entered into during previous periods. Consequently, any increase or decline in new sales or renewals in any one period will not be immediately reflected in our revenue for that period. Any such change, however, would affect our revenue in future periods. Accordingly, the effect of downturns or upturns in new sales and potential changes in our rate of renewals may not be fully reflected in our results of operations until future periods. We may also be unable to timely reduce our cost structure in line with a significant deterioration in sales or renewals that would adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our results of operations may fluctuate significantly, which could make our future results difficult to predict and could cause our results of operations to fall below expectations.

Our results of operations may vary significantly from period to period, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our results of operations have varied significantly from period to period, and we expect that our results of operations will continue to vary as a result of a number of factors, many of which are outside of our control and may be difficult to predict, including:

•the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our operations, financial results, and liquidity and capital resources, including on customers, sales, expenses, and employees;

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•our ability to attract new and retain existing customers;

•the budgeting cycles, seasonal buying patterns, and purchasing practices of customers;

•the timing and length of our sales cycles;

•changes in customer or channel partner requirements or market needs;

•changes in the growth rate of the cloud-based SaaS-delivered endpoint security solutions market;

•the timing and success of new product and service introductions by us or our competitors or any other competitive developments, including consolidation among our customers or competitors;

•the level of awareness of cybersecurity threats, particularly advanced cyberattacks, and the market adoption of our Falcon platform;

•our ability to successfully expand our business domestically and internationally;

•decisions by organizations to purchase security solutions from larger, more established security vendors or from their primary IT equipment vendors;

•changes in our pricing policies or those of our competitors;

•any disruption in our relationship with channel partners;

•insolvency or credit difficulties confronting our customers, affecting their ability to purchase or pay for our solutions;

•significant security breaches of, technical difficulties with or interruptions to, the use of our Falcon platform;

•extraordinary expenses such as litigation or other dispute-related settlement payments or outcomes;

•general economic conditions, both domestic and in our foreign markets;

•future accounting pronouncements or changes in our accounting policies or practices;

•negative media coverage or publicity;

•political events;

•the amount and timing of operating costs and capital expenditures related to the expansion of our business; and

•increases or decreases in our expenses caused by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates.

In addition, we experience seasonal fluctuations in our financial results as we typically receive a higher percentage of our annual orders from new customers, as well as renewal orders from existing customers, in the second half of the fiscal year as compared to the first half of the year due to the annual budget approval process of many of our customers. In addition, we also experience seasonality in our operating margin, with a lower margin in the first half of our fiscal year. Any of the above factors, individually or in the aggregate, may result in significant fluctuations in our financial and other results of operations from period to period. As a result of this variability, our historical results of operations should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. Moreover, this variability and unpredictability could result in our failure to meet our operating plan or the expectations of investors or analysts for any period. If we fail to meet such expectations for these or other reasons, our stock price could fall substantially, and we could face costly lawsuits, including securities class action suits.

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Our sales cycles can be long and unpredictable, and our sales efforts require considerable time and expense.

Our revenue recognition is difficult to predict because of the length and unpredictability of the sales cycle for our Falcon platform, particularly with respect to large organizations and government entities. Customers often view the subscription to our Falcon platform as a significant strategic decision and, as a result, frequently require considerable time to evaluate, test and qualify our Falcon platform prior to entering into or expanding a relationship with us. Large enterprises and government entities in particular often undertake a significant evaluation process that further lengthens our sales cycle.

Our direct sales team develops relationships with our customers, and works with our channel partners on account penetration, account coordination, sales and overall market development. We spend substantial time and resources on our sales efforts without any assurance that our efforts will produce a sale. Security solution purchases are frequently subject to budget constraints, multiple approvals and unanticipated administrative, processing and other delays. As a result, it is difficult to predict whether and when a sale will be completed. The failure of our efforts to secure sales after investing resources in a lengthy sales process could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

We rely on our key technical, sales and management personnel to grow our business, and the loss of one or more key employees could harm our business.

Our future success is substantially dependent on our ability to attract, retain, and motivate the members of our management team and other key employees throughout our organization. In particular, we are highly dependent on the services of George Kurtz, our President and Chief Executive Officer, who is critical to our future vision and strategic direction. We rely on our leadership team in the areas of operations, security, research and development, marketing, sales, support and general and administrative functions. Although we have entered into employment agreements with our key personnel, our employees, including our executive officers, work for us on an “at-will” basis, which means they may terminate their employment with us at any time. If Mr. Kurtz, or one or more of our key employees, or members of our management team resigns or otherwise ceases to provide us with their service, our business could be harmed.

If we are unable to attract and retain qualified personnel, our business could be harmed.

There is also significant competition for personnel with the skills and technical knowledge that we require across our technology, cyber, sales, professional services, and administrative support functions. Competition for these personnel in the San Francisco Bay Area, where our headquarters are located, and in other locations where we maintain offices, is intense, especially for experienced sales professionals and for engineers experienced in designing and developing cloud applications and security software. We have from time to time experienced, and we expect to continue to experience, difficulty in hiring and retaining employees with appropriate qualifications. For example, in recent years, recruiting, hiring and retaining employees with expertise in the cybersecurity industry has become increasingly difficult as the demand for cybersecurity professionals has increased as a result of the recent cybersecurity attacks on global corporations and governments. Additionally, our incident response and proactive services team is small and comprised of personnel with highly technical skills and experience, who are in high demand, and who would be difficult to replace. Many of the companies with which we compete for experienced personnel have greater resources than we have. Our competitors also may be successful in recruiting and hiring members of our management team or other key employees, and it may be difficult for us to find suitable replacements on a timely basis, on competitive terms, or at all. We have in the past, and may in the future, be subject to allegations that employees we hire have been improperly solicited, or that they have divulged proprietary or other confidential information or that their former employers own such employees’ inventions or other work product, or that they have been hired in violation of non-compete provisions or non-solicitation provisions.

In addition, job candidates and existing employees often consider the value of the equity awards they receive in connection with their employment. Volatility or lack of performance in our stock price may also affect our ability to attract and retain our key employees. Also, many of our employees have become, or will soon become, vested in a substantial amount of equity awards, which may give them a substantial amount of personal wealth. This may make it more difficult for us to retain and motivate these employees, and this wealth could affect their decision about whether or not they continue to work for us. Any failure to successfully attract, integrate or retain qualified personnel to fulfill our current or future needs could adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.

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If we are not able to maintain and enhance our CrowdStrike and Falcon brand and our reputation as a provider of high-efficacy security solutions, our business and results of operations may be adversely affected.

We believe that maintaining and enhancing our CrowdStrike and Falcon brand and our reputation as a provider of high-efficacy security solutions is critical to our relationship with our existing customers, channel partners, and technology alliance partners and our ability to attract new customers and partners. The successful promotion of our CrowdStrike and Falcon brand will depend on a number of factors, including our marketing efforts, our ability to continue to develop additional cloud modules and features for our Falcon platform, our ability to successfully differentiate our Falcon platform from competitive cloud-based or legacy security solutions and, ultimately, our ability to detect and stop breaches. Although we believe it is important for our growth, our brand promotion activities may not be successful or yield increased revenue.

In addition, independent industry or financial analysts and research firms often test our solutions and provide reviews of our Falcon platform, as well as the products of our competitors, and perception of our Falcon platform in the marketplace may be significantly influenced by these reviews. If these reviews are negative, or less positive as compared to those of our competitors’ products, our brand may be adversely affected. Our solutions may fail to detect or prevent threats in any particular test for a number of reasons that may or may not be related to the efficacy of our solutions in real world environments. To the extent potential customers, industry analysts or testing firms believe that the occurrence of a failure to detect or prevent any particular threat is a flaw or indicates that our solutions or services do not provide significant value, we may lose customers, and our reputation, financial condition and business would be harmed. Additionally, the performance of our channel partners and technology alliance partners may affect our brand and reputation if customers do not have a positive experience with these partners. In addition, we have in the past worked, and continue to work, with high profile customers as well as assist in analyzing and remediating high profile cyberattacks. Our work with such customers has exposed us to publicity and media coverage. Negative publicity about us, including about our management, the efficacy and reliability of our Falcon platform, our products offerings, our professional services, and the customers we work with, even if inaccurate, could adversely affect our reputation and brand.

If we are unable to maintain successful relationships with our channel partners and technology alliance partners, or if our channel partners or technology alliance partners fail to perform, our ability to market, sell and distribute our Falcon platform will be limited, and our business, financial position and results of operations will be harmed.

In addition to our direct sales force, we rely on our channel partners to sell and support our Falcon platform. A vast majority of sales of our Falcon platform flow through our channel partners, and we expect this to continue for the foreseeable future. Additionally, we have entered, and intend to continue to enter, into technology alliance partnerships with third parties to support our future growth plans. The loss of a substantial number of our channel partners or technology alliance partners, or the failure to recruit additional partners, could adversely affect our results of operations. Our ability to achieve revenue growth in the future will depend in part on our success in maintaining successful relationships with our channel partners and in training our channel partners to independently sell and deploy our Falcon platform. If we fail to effectively manage our existing sales channels, or if our channel partners are unsuccessful in fulfilling the orders for our solutions, or if we are unable to enter into arrangements with, and retain a sufficient number of, high quality channel partners in each of the regions in which we sell solutions and keep them motivated to sell our products, our ability to sell our products and results of operations will be harmed.

Our business depends, in part, on sales to government organizations, and significant changes in the contracting or fiscal policies of such government organizations could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Our future growth depends, in part, on increasing sales to government organizations. Demand from government organizations is often unpredictable, subject to budgetary uncertainty and typically involves long sales cycles. We have made significant investment to address the government sector, but we cannot assure you that these investments will be successful, or that we will be able to maintain or grow our revenue from the government sector. Although we anticipate that they may increase in the future, sales to U.S. federal, state, and local governmental agencies have not accounted for, and may never account for, a significant portion of our revenue. U.S. federal, state and local government sales are subject to a number of challenges and risks that may adversely impact our business. Sales to such government entities include the following risks:

•selling to governmental agencies can be highly competitive, expensive and time consuming, often requiring significant upfront time and expense without any assurance that such efforts will generate a sale;

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•government certification requirements applicable to our products may change and, in doing so, restrict our ability to sell into the U.S. federal government sector until we have attained the revised certification. For example, although we are currently certified under the Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program, or FedRAMP, such certification is costly to maintain and if we lost our certification in the future it would restrict our ability to sell to government customers;

•government demand and payment for our Falcon platform may be impacted by public sector budgetary cycles and funding authorizations, with funding reductions or delays adversely affecting public sector demand for our Falcon platform;

•governments routinely investigate and audit government contractors’ administrative processes, and any unfavorable audit could result in the government refusing to continue buying our Falcon platform, which would adversely impact our revenue and results of operations, or institute fines or civil or criminal liability if the audit were to uncover improper or illegal activities; and

•governments may require certain products to be manufactured, hosted, or accessed solely in their country or in other relatively high-cost manufacturing locations, and we may not manufacture all products in locations that meet these requirements, affecting our ability to sell these products to governmental agencies.

The occurrence of any of the foregoing could cause governments and governmental agencies to delay or refrain from purchasing our solutions in the future or otherwise have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

We may not timely and cost-effectively scale and adapt our existing technology to meet our customers’ performance and other requirements.

Our future growth is dependent upon our ability to continue to meet the needs of new customers and the expanding needs of our existing customers as their use of our solutions grow. As our customers gain more experience with our solutions, the number of endpoints and events, the amount of data transferred, processed and stored by us, the number of locations where our platform and services are being accessed, have in the past, and may in the future, expand rapidly. In order to meet the performance and other requirements of our customers, we intend to continue to make significant investments to increase capacity and to develop and implement new technologies in our service and cloud infrastructure operations. These technologies, which include databases, applications and server optimizations, network and hosting strategies, and automation, are often advanced, complex, new and untested. We may not be successful in developing or implementing these technologies. In addition, it takes a significant amount of time to plan, develop and test improvements to our technologies and infrastructure, and we may not be able to accurately forecast demand or predict the results we will realize from such improvements. To the extent that we do not effectively scale our operations to meet the needs of our growing customer base and to maintain performance as our customers expand their use of our solutions, we may not be able to grow as quickly as we anticipate, our customers may reduce or cancel use of our solutions and we may be unable to compete as effectively and our business and results of operations may be harmed.

Additionally, we have and will continue to make substantial investments to support growth at our data centers and improve the profitability of our cloud platform. For example, because of the importance of AWS’ services to our business and AWS’ position in the cloud-based server industry, any renegotiation or renewal of our agreement with AWS may be on terms that are significantly less favorable to us than our current agreement. If our cloud-based server costs were to increase, our business, results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected. Although we expect that we could receive similar services from other third parties, if any of our arrangements with AWS are terminated, we could experience interruptions on our Falcon platform and in our ability to make our solutions available to customers, as well as delays and additional expenses in arranging alternative cloud infrastructure services. Ongoing improvements to cloud infrastructure may be more expensive than we anticipate, and may not yield the expected savings in operating costs or the expected performance benefits. In addition, we may be required to re-invest any cost savings achieved from prior cloud infrastructure improvements in future infrastructure projects to maintain the levels of service required by our customers. We may not be able to maintain or achieve cost savings from our investments, which could harm our financial results.

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The success of our business depends in part on our ability to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights.

We believe our intellectual property is an essential asset of our business, and our success and ability to compete depend in part upon protection of our intellectual property rights. We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, as well as confidentiality procedures and contractual provisions, to establish and protect our intellectual property rights in the United States and abroad, all of which provide only limited protection. The efforts we have taken to protect our intellectual property may not be sufficient or effective, and our trademarks, copyrights and patents may be held invalid or unenforceable. Moreover, we cannot assure you that any patents will be issued with respect to our currently pending patent applications in a manner that gives us adequate defensive protection or competitive advantages, or that any patents issued to us will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. We have filed for patents in the United States and in certain non-U.S. jurisdictions, but such protections may not be available in all countries in which we operate or in which we seek to enforce our intellectual property rights, or may be difficult to enforce in practice. For example, many foreign countries have compulsory licensing laws under which a patent owner must grant licenses to third parties. In addition, many countries limit the enforceability of patents against certain third parties, including government agencies or government contractors. In these countries, patents may provide limited or no benefit. Moreover, we may need to expend additional resources to defend our intellectual property rights in these countries, and our inability to do so could impair our business or adversely affect our international expansion. Our currently issued patents and any patents that may be issued in the future with respect to pending or future patent applications may not provide sufficiently broad protection or they may not prove to be enforceable in actions against alleged infringers.

We may not be effective in policing unauthorized use of our intellectual property, and even if we do detect violations, litigation or technical changes to our products may be necessary to enforce our intellectual property rights. Protecting against the unauthorized use of our intellectual property rights, technology and other proprietary rights is expensive and difficult, particularly outside of the United States. Any enforcement efforts we undertake, including litigation, could be time-consuming and expensive and could divert management’s attention, which could harm our business and results of operations. Further, attempts to enforce our rights against third parties could also provoke these third parties to assert their own intellectual property or other rights against us, or result in a holding that invalidates or narrows the scope of our rights, in whole or in part. The inability to adequately protect and enforce our intellectual property and other proprietary rights could seriously harm our business, results of operations and financial condition. Even if we are able to secure our intellectual property rights, we cannot assure you that such rights will provide us with competitive advantages or distinguish our services from those of our competitors or that our competitors will not independently develop similar technology, duplicate any of our technology, or design around our patents.

Claims by others that we infringe their proprietary technology or other intellectual property rights could result in significant costs and substantially harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects.

Claims by others that we infringe their proprietary technology or other intellectual property rights could harm our business. A number of companies in our industry hold a large number of patents and also protect their copyright, trade secret and other intellectual property rights, and companies in the networking and security industry frequently enter into litigation based on allegations of patent infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights. As we face increasing competition and grow, the possibility of intellectual property rights claims against us also grows. In addition, to the extent we hire personnel from competitors, we may be subject to allegations that such personnel have divulged proprietary or other confidential information to us. From time to time, third parties have in the past and may in the future assert claims of infringement of intellectual property rights against us. For example, we are currently involved in proceedings before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board at the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office regarding our U.S. trademark registrations for CrowdStrike Falcon and our U.S. application to register our Falcon OverWatch trademark. Fair Isaac Corporation, or FICO, petitioned to cancel our trademark registrations and opposed our application. If the appeal board were to find against us, it would cancel our trademark registrations for CrowdStrike Falcon and reject our application to register Falcon OverWatch. If FICO were to file an infringement action in court and if we do not prevail in that action, we could ultimately be required to change the names of our solutions, which would force us to incur significant marketing expense in establishing an alternative brand to our existing Falcon brand. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in these rebranding efforts.

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Third parties may in the future also assert claims against our customers or channel partners, whom our standard license and other agreements obligate us to indemnify against claims that our solutions infringe the intellectual property rights of third parties. As the number of products and competitors in the security and IT operations market increases and overlaps occur, claims of infringement, misappropriation, and other violations of intellectual property rights may increase. While we intend to increase the size of our patent portfolio, many of our competitors and others may now and in the future have significantly larger and more mature patent portfolios than we have. In addition, future litigation may involve non-practicing entities, companies or other patent owners who have no relevant product offerings or revenue and against whom our own patents may therefore provide little or no deterrence or protection. Any claim of intellectual property infringement by a third party, even a claim without merit, could cause us to incur substantial costs defending against such claim, could distract our management from our business and could require us to cease use of such intellectual property.

Additionally, our insurance may not cover intellectual property rights infringement claims that may be made. In the event that we fail to successfully defend ourselves against an infringement claim, a successful claimant could secure a judgment or otherwise require payment of legal fees, settlement payments, ongoing royalties or other costs or damages; or we may agree to a settlement that prevents us from offering certain services or features; or we may be required to obtain a license, which may not be available on reasonable terms, or at all, to use the relevant technology. If we are prevented from using certain technology or intellectual property, we may be required to develop alternative, non-infringing technology, which could require significant time, during which we could be unable to continue to offer our affected services or features, effort and expense and may ultimately not be successful.

Although third parties may offer a license to their technology or other intellectual property, the terms of any offered license may not be acceptable, and the failure to obtain a license or the costs associated with any license could cause our business, financial condition and results of operations to be adversely affected. In addition, some licenses may be nonexclusive, and therefore our competitors may have access to the same technology licensed to us. If a third party does not offer us a license to its technology or other intellectual property on reasonable terms, or at all, we could be enjoined from continued use of such intellectual property. As a result, we may be required to develop alternative, non-infringing technology, which could require significant time, during which we could be unable to continue to offer our affected products, subscriptions or services, effort, and expense and may ultimately not be successful. Furthermore, a successful claimant could secure a judgment or we may agree to a settlement that prevents us from distributing certain products, providing certain subscriptions or performing certain services or that requires us to pay substantial damages, royalties or other fees. Any of these events could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

We license technology from third parties, and our inability to maintain those licenses could harm our business.

We currently incorporate, and will in the future incorporate, technology that we license from third parties, including software, into our solutions. We cannot be certain that our licensors do not or will not infringe on the intellectual property rights of third parties or that our licensors have or will have sufficient rights to the licensed intellectual property in all jurisdictions in which we may sell our Falcon platform. Some of our agreements with our licensors may be terminated by them for convenience, or otherwise provide for a limited term. If we are unable to continue to license technology because of intellectual property infringement claims brought by third parties against our licensors or against us, or if we are unable to continue our license agreements or enter into new licenses on commercially reasonable terms, our ability to develop and sell solutions and services containing or dependent on that technology would be limited, and our business could be harmed. Additionally, if we are unable to license technology from third parties, we may be forced to acquire or develop alternative technology, which we may be unable to do in a commercially feasible manner or at all, and may require us to use alternative technology of lower quality or performance standards. This could limit or delay our ability to offer new or competitive solutions and increase our costs. As a result, our margins, market share, and results of operations could be significantly harmed.

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If we are not able to satisfy data protection, security, privacy, and other government- and industry-specific requirements or regulations, our business, results of operations, and financial condition could be harmed.

Personal privacy, data protection, information security, telecommunications regulations, and other laws applicable to specific categories of information are significant issues in the United States, Europe and in other jurisdictions where we offer our solutions. The data that we collect, analyze, and store is subject to a variety of laws and regulations, including regulation by various government agencies. The U.S. federal government, and various state and foreign governments, have adopted or proposed limitations on the collection, distribution, use, and storage of certain categories of information, such as personally identifiable information of individuals, health information, and other sector-specific types of data, including the Federal Trade Commission, the Electronic Communication Privacy Act, Computer Fraud and Abuse Act, HIPAA, and the Gramm Leach Bliley Act. Laws and regulations outside the United States, and particularly in Europe, often are more restrictive than those in the United States. Such laws and regulations may require companies to implement privacy and security policies, permit customers to access, correct, and delete personal information stored or maintained by such companies, inform individuals of security breaches that affect their personal information, and, in some cases, obtain individuals’ consent to use personally identifiable information for certain purposes. In addition, some foreign governments require that any information of certain categories, such as financial or personally identifiable information collected in a country not be disseminated outside of that country. We also may find it necessary or desirable to join industry or other self-regulatory bodies or other information security or data protection-related organizations that require compliance with their rules pertaining to information security and data protection. We also may be bound by additional, more stringent contractual obligations relating to our collection, use and disclosure of personal, financial, and other data.

We also expect that there will continue to be new proposed laws, regulations, and industry standards concerning privacy, data protection, information security, specific categories of data, electronic, and telecommunications services in the United States, the European Union and other jurisdictions in which we operate or may operate, and we cannot yet determine the impact such future laws, regulations, standards, or perception of their requirements may have on our business. For example, the European Commission adopted the European General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, that became fully effective in May 2018, and applies to the processing (which includes the collection and use) of certain personal data. As compared to previously-effective data protection law in the European Union, the GDPR imposes additional obligations and risk upon our business and increases substantially the penalties to which we could be subject in the event of any non-compliance. Administrative fines under the GDPR can amount up to 20 million Euros or four percent of our worldwide annual revenue for the prior fiscal year, whichever is higher. We have incurred substantial expense in complying with the obligations imposed by the GDPR and we may be required to do so in the future, potentially making significant changes in our business operations, which may adversely affect our revenue and our business overall. Additionally, because there have been very few GDPR actions enforced against companies, we are unable to predict how they will be applied to us or our customers. Despite our efforts to attempt to comply with the GDPR, a regulator may determine that we have not done so and subject us to fines and public censure, which could harm our company. Among other requirements, the GDPR regulates transfers of personal data subject to the GDPR to third countries that have not been found to provide adequate protection to such personal data, including the United States. We have undertaken certain efforts to conform transfers of personal data from the European Economic Area, or EEA, to the United States and other jurisdictions based on our understanding of current regulatory obligations and the guidance of data protection authorities. Despite this, we may be unsuccessful in establishing or maintaining conforming means of transferring such data from the EEA, in particular as a result of continued legal and legislative activity within the European Union that has challenged or called into question the legal basis for existing means of data transfers to countries that have not been found to provide adequate protection for personal data.

The implementation of the GDPR has led other jurisdictions to either amend, or propose legislation to amend their existing data privacy and cybersecurity laws to resemble all or a portion of the requirements of the GDPR (e.g., for purposes of having an adequate level of data protection to facilitate data transfers from the EU) or enact new laws to do the same. Accordingly, the challenges we face in the EU will likely also apply to other jurisdictions outside the EU that adopt laws similar in construction to the GDPR or regulatory frameworks of equivalent complexity. For example, on June 28, 2018, California adopted the California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018, or CCPA, which went into effect on January 1, 2020, with enforcement commencing on July 1, 2020. The CCPA has been characterized as the first “GDPR-like” privacy statute to be enacted in the United States because it contains a number of provisions similar to certain provisions of the GDPR. In addition, on June 24, 2020, the California Secretary of State certified a ballot initiative for the upcoming November general election known as the California Privacy Rights Act of 2020, or the CPRA. If the CPRA is approved by California voters, the CPRA would amend the CCPA by creating additional privacy rights for California consumers and additional obligations on businesses, which could subject us to additional compliance costs as well as potential fines, individual claims and commercial liabilities. If approved, it is expected that the CPRA would take effect on January 1, 2023.

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Evolving and changing definitions of personal data and personal information within the European Union, the United States, and elsewhere, especially relating to classification of IP addresses, machine identification, location data and other information, may limit or inhibit our ability to operate or expand our business, including limiting technology alliance partnerships that may involve the sharing of data. Even the perception of privacy concerns, whether or not valid, may harm our reputation, inhibit adoption of our products by current and future customers, or adversely impact our ability to attract and retain workforce talent. In addition, changes in laws or regulations that adversely affect the use of the internet, including laws impacting net neutrality, could impact our business. We expect that existing laws, regulations and standards may be interpreted in new manners in the future. Future laws, regulations, standards and other obligations, and changes in the interpretation of existing laws, regulations, standards and other obligations could require us to modify our solutions, restrict our business operations, increase our costs and impair our ability to maintain and grow our customer base and increase our revenue.

Beyond broader data processing regulations affecting our business, the cybersecurity industry may face direct regulation. In 2018, Singapore introduced what is believed to be the world’s first cybersecurity licensing requirement, mandating that providers of specific types of incident response services receive a government license before providing such services. License requirements such as these may impose upon CrowdStrike significant organizational costs and high barriers of entry into new markets.

Although we work to comply with applicable laws and regulations, certain applicable industry standards with which we represent compliance, and our contractual obligations and other legal obligations, those laws, regulations, standards and obligations are evolving and may be modified, interpreted and applied in an inconsistent manner from one jurisdiction to another, and may conflict with one another. In addition, they may conflict with other requirements or legal obligations that apply to our business or the security features and services that our customers expect from our solutions. As such, we cannot assure ongoing compliance with all such laws, regulations, standards and obligations. Any failure or perceived failure by us or our employees, representatives, contractors, channel partners, agents, intermediaries, or other third parties to comply with applicable laws and regulations, or applicable industry standards that we represent compliance with or that may be asserted to apply to us, or to comply with employee, customer, partner, and other data privacy and data security requirements pursuant to contract and our stated notices or policies, could result in enforcement actions against us, including fines, imprisonment of company officials and public censure, claims for damages by customers and other affected individuals, damage to our reputation and loss of goodwill (both in relation to existing customers and prospective customers), any of which could have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial performance and business. Any inability of us or our employees, representatives, contractors, channel partners, agents, intermediaries, or other third parties to adequately address privacy and security concerns, even if unfounded, or comply with applicable laws, regulations, standards and obligations, could result in additional cost and liability to us, damage our reputation, inhibit sales, and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Failure to comply with laws and regulations applicable to our business could subject us to fines and penalties and could also cause us to lose customers or negatively impact our ability to contract with customers, including those in the public sector.

Our business is subject to regulation by various federal, state, local and foreign governmental agencies, including agencies responsible for monitoring and enforcing privacy and data protection laws and regulations, employment and labor laws, workplace safety, product safety, environmental laws, consumer protection laws, anti-bribery laws, import and export controls, federal securities laws and tax laws and regulations. In certain jurisdictions, these regulatory requirements may be more stringent than in the United States. Noncompliance by us, our employees, representatives, contractors, channel partners, agents, intermediaries, or other third parties with applicable regulations or requirements could subject us to:

•investigations, enforcement actions and sanctions;

•mandatory changes to our Falcon platform;

•disgorgement of profits, fines and damages;

•civil and criminal penalties or injunctions;

•claims for damages by our customers or channel partners;

•termination of contracts;

•loss of intellectual property rights;

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•loss of our license to do business in the jurisdictions in which we operate; and

•temporary or permanent debarment from sales to government organizations.

If any governmental sanctions are imposed, or if we do not prevail in any possible civil or criminal litigation, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected. In addition, responding to any action will likely result in a significant diversion of management’s attention and resources and an increase in professional fees. Enforcement actions and sanctions could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

We endeavor to properly classify employees as exempt versus non-exempt under applicable law. Although there are no pending or threatened material claims or investigations against us asserting that some employees are improperly classified as exempt, the possibility exists that some of our current or former employees could have been incorrectly classified as exempt employees.

These laws and regulations impose added costs on our business, and failure by us, our employees, representatives, contractors, channel partners, agents, intermediaries, or other third parties to comply with these or other applicable regulations and requirements could lead to claims for damages, penalties, termination of contracts, loss of exclusive rights in our intellectual property and temporary suspension or permanent debarment from government contracting. Any such damages, penalties, disruptions or limitations in our ability to do business with customers, including those in the public sector, and could result in reduced sales of our products, substantial product inventory write-offs, reputational damage, penalties, and other sanctions, any of which could harm our business, reputation, and results of operations.

We are subject to laws and regulations, including governmental export and import controls, sanctions, and anti-corruption laws, that could impair our ability to compete in our markets and subject us to liability if we are not in full compliance with applicable laws.

We are subject to laws and regulations, including governmental export controls, that could subject us to liability or impair our ability to compete in our markets. Our products are subject to U.S. export controls, including the U.S. Department of Commerce’s Export Administration Regulations, and we and our employees, representatives, contractors, agents, intermediaries, and other third parties are also subject to various economic and trade sanctions regulations administered by the U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control. We incorporate standard encryption algorithms into our products, which, along with the underlying technology, may be exported outside of the U.S. only with the required export authorizations, including by license, license exception or other appropriate government authorizations, which may require the filing of an encryption registration and classification request. Furthermore, U.S. export control laws and economic sanctions prohibit the shipment of certain cloud-based solutions to countries, governments, and persons targeted by U.S. sanctions. We also collect information about cyber threats from open sources, intermediaries, and third parties that we make available to our customers in our threat industry publications. While we have implemented certain procedures to facilitate compliance with applicable laws and regulations in connection with the collection of this information, we cannot assure you that these procedures have been effective or that we, or third parties, many of whom we do not control, have complied with all laws or regulations in this regard. Failure by our employees, representatives, contractors, channel partners, agents, intermediaries, or other third parties to comply with applicable laws and regulations in the collection of this information also could have negative consequences to us, including reputational harm, government investigations and penalties.

Although we take precautions to prevent our information collection practices and services from being provided in violation of such laws, our information collection practices and services may have been in the past, and could in the future be, provided in violation of such laws. If we or our employees, representatives, contractors, channel partners, agents, intermediaries, or other third parties fail to comply with these laws and regulations, we could be subject to civil or criminal penalties, including the possible loss of export privileges and fines. We may also be adversely affected through reputational harm, loss of access to certain markets, or otherwise. Obtaining the necessary authorizations, including any required license, for a particular transaction may be time-consuming, is not guaranteed and may result in the delay or loss of sales opportunities.

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Various countries regulate the import of certain encryption technology, including through import permit and license requirements, and have enacted laws that could limit our ability to distribute our products or could limit our customers’ ability to implement our products in those countries. Changes in our products or changes in export and import regulations may create delays in the introduction of our products into international markets, prevent our customers with international operations from deploying our products globally or, in some cases, prevent the export or import of our products to certain countries, governments or persons altogether. Any change in export or import regulations, economic sanctions or related legislation, shift in the enforcement or scope of existing regulations, or change in the countries, governments, persons or technologies targeted by such regulations, could result in decreased use of our products by, or in our decreased ability to export or sell our products to, existing or potential customers with international operations. Any decreased use of our products or limitation on our ability to export or sell our products would likely adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We are also subject to the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, or FCPA, the UK Bribery Act 2010, or Bribery Act, and other anti-corruption, sanctions, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering and similar laws in the United States and other countries in which we conduct activities. Anti-corruption and anti-bribery laws, which have been enforced aggressively and are interpreted broadly, prohibit companies and their employees, agents, intermediaries, and other third parties from promising, authorizing, making or offering improper payments or other benefits to government officials and others in the private sector. We leverage third parties, including intermediaries, agents, and channel partners, to conduct our business in the U.S. and abroad, to sell subscriptions to our Falcon platform and to collect information about cyber threats. We and these third-parties may have direct or indirect interactions with officials and employees of government agencies or state-owned or affiliated entities and we may be held liable for the corrupt or other illegal activities of these third-party business partners and intermediaries, our employees, representatives, contractors, channel partners, agents, intermediaries, and other third parties, even if we do not explicitly authorize such activities. While we have policies and procedures to address compliance with FCPA, Bribery Act and other anti-corruption, sanctions, anti-bribery, anti-money laundering and similar laws, we cannot assure you that they will be effective, or that all of our employees, representatives, contractors, channel partners, agents, intermediaries, or other third parties have taken, or will not take actions, in violation of our policies and applicable law, for which we may be ultimately held responsible. As we increase our international sales and business, our risks under these laws may increase. Noncompliance with these laws could subject us to investigations, severe criminal or civil sanctions, settlements, prosecution, loss of export privileges, suspension or debarment from U.S. government contracts, other enforcement actions, disgorgement of profits, significant fines, damages, other civil and criminal penalties or injunctions, whistleblower complaints, adverse media coverage and other consequences. Any investigations, actions or sanctions could harm our reputation, business, results of operations and financial condition.

Some of our technology incorporates “open source” software, which could negatively affect our ability to sell our Falcon platform and subject us to possible litigation.

Our products and subscriptions contain third-party open source software components, and failure to comply with the terms of the underlying open source software licenses could restrict our ability to sell our products and subscriptions. The use and distribution of open source software may entail greater risks than the use of third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or other contractual protections regarding infringement claims or the quality of the code. Many of the risks associated with use of open source software cannot be eliminated and could negatively affect our business. In addition, the wide availability of source code used in our solutions could expose us to security vulnerabilities.

Some open source licenses contain requirements that we make available source code for modifications or derivative works we create based upon the type of open source software we use. If we combine our proprietary software with open source software in a certain manner, we could, under certain open source licenses, be required to release the source code of our proprietary software to the public, including authorizing further modification and redistribution, or otherwise be limited in the licensing of our services, each of which could provide an advantage to our competitors or other entrants to the market, create security vulnerabilities in our solutions, require us to re-engineer all or a portion of our Falcon platform, and could reduce or eliminate the value of our services. This would allow our competitors to create similar products with lower development effort and time and ultimately could result in a loss of sales for us.

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The terms of many open source licenses have not been interpreted by U.S. courts, and there is a risk that these licenses could be construed in ways that could impose unanticipated conditions or restrictions on our ability to commercialize products and subscriptions incorporating such software. Moreover, we cannot assure you that our processes for controlling our use of open source software in our products and subscriptions will be effective. From time to time, we may face claims from third parties asserting ownership of, or demanding release of, the open source software or derivative works that we developed using such software (which could include our proprietary source code), or otherwise seeking to enforce the terms of the applicable open source license. These claims could result in litigation. Litigation could be costly for us to defend, have a negative effect on our results of operations and financial condition or require us to devote additional research and development resources to change our solutions. Responding to any infringement or noncompliance claim by an open source vendor, regardless of its validity, discovering certain open source software code in our Falcon platform, or a finding that we have breached the terms of an open source software license, could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition, by, among other things:

•resulting in time-consuming and costly litigation;

•diverting management’s time and attention from developing our business;

•requiring us to pay monetary damages or enter into royalty and licensing agreements that we would not normally find acceptable;

•causing delays in the deployment of our Falcon platform or service offerings to our customers;

•requiring us to stop offering certain services or features of our Falcon platform;

•requiring us to redesign certain components of our Falcon platform using alternative non-infringing or non-open source technology, which could require significant effort and expense;

•requiring us to disclose our software source code and the detailed program commands for our software; and

•requiring us to satisfy indemnification obligations to our customers.

We provide service level commitments under some of our customer contracts. If we fail to meet these contractual commitments, we could be obligated to provide credits for future service and our business could suffer.

Certain of our customer agreements contain service level commitments, which contain specifications regarding the availability and performance of our Falcon platform. Any failure of or disruption to our infrastructure could impact the performance of our Falcon platform and the availability of services to customers. If we are unable to meet our stated service level commitments or if we suffer extended periods of poor performance or unavailability of our Falcon platform, we may be contractually obligated to provide affected customers with service credits for future subscriptions, and, in certain cases, refunds. To date, there has not been a material failure to meet our service level commitments, and we do not currently have any material liabilities accrued on our balance sheet for such commitments. Our revenue, other results of operations and financial condition could be harmed if we suffer performance issues or downtime that exceeds the service level commitments under our agreements with our customers.

We may become involved in litigation that may adversely affect us.

We are regularly subject to claims, suits, and government investigations and other proceedings including patent, product liability, class action, whistleblower, personal injury, property damage, labor and employment, commercial disputes, compliance with laws and regulatory requirements and other matters, and we may become subject to additional types of claims, suits, investigations and proceedings as our business develops. Such claims, suits, and government investigations and proceedings are inherently uncertain and their results cannot be predicted with certainty. Regardless of the outcome, any of these types of legal proceedings can have an adverse impact on us because of legal costs and diversion of management attention and resources, and could cause us to incur significant expenses or liability, adversely affect our brand recognition, and/or require us to change our business practices. The expense of litigation and the timing of this expense from period to period are difficult to estimate, subject to change and could adversely affect our results of operations. It is possible that a resolution of one or more such proceedings could result in substantial damages, settlement costs, fines and penalties that could adversely affect our business, consolidated financial position, results of operations, or cash flows in a particular period. These proceedings could also result in reputational harm, sanctions, consent decrees, or orders requiring a change in our business practices. Because of the potential risks, expenses and uncertainties of litigation, we may, from time to time, settle disputes, even where we have meritorious claims or defenses, by

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agreeing to settlement agreements. Because litigation is inherently unpredictable, we cannot assure you that the results of any of these actions will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations, and prospects. Any of these consequences could adversely affect our business and results of operations.

Our ability to maintain customer satisfaction depends in part on the quality of our customer support.

Once our Falcon platform is deployed within our customers’ networks, our customers depend on our customer support services to resolve any issues relating to the implementation and maintenance of our Falcon platform. If we do not provide effective ongoing support, customer renewals and our ability to sell additional modules as part of our Falcon platform to existing customers could be adversely affected and our reputation with potential customers could be damaged. Many larger organizations have more complex networks and require higher levels of support than smaller customers and we offer premium services for these customers. Failure to maintain high-quality customer support could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We may need to raise additional capital to expand our operations and invest in new solutions, which capital may not be available on terms acceptable to us, or at all, and which could reduce our ability to compete and could harm our business.

We expect that our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for working capital and capital expenditures for at least the next 12 months. Retaining or expanding our current levels of personnel and products offerings may require additional funds to respond to business challenges, including the need to develop new products and enhancements to our Falcon platform, improve our operating infrastructure, or acquire complementary businesses and technologies. Our failure to raise additional capital or generate the significant capital necessary to expand our operations and invest in new products could reduce our ability to compete and could harm our business. Accordingly, we may need to engage in additional equity or debt financings to secure additional funds. If we raise additional equity financing, our stockholders may experience significant dilution of their ownership interests and the market price of our Class A common stock could decline. If we engage in debt financing, the holders of debt would have priority over the holders of our Class A common stock, and we may be required to accept terms that restrict our operations or our ability to incur additional indebtedness or to take other actions that would otherwise be in the interests of the debt holders. Any of the above could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Our business is subject to the risks of warranty claims, product returns, product liability, and product defects from real or perceived defects in our solutions or their misuse by our customers or third parties and indemnity provisions in various agreements potentially expose us to substantial liability for intellectual property infringement and other losses.

We may be subject to liability claims for damages related to errors or defects in our solutions. A material liability claim or other occurrence that harms our reputation or decreases market acceptance of our products may harm our business and results of operations. Although we generally have limitation of liability provisions in our terms and conditions of sale, these provisions do not cover our indemnification obligations as described in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Indemnification” and they may not fully or effectively protect us from claims as a result of federal, state, or local laws or ordinances, or unfavorable judicial decisions in the United States or other countries. The sale and support of our products also entails the risk of product liability claims.

Additionally, our agreements with customers and other third parties typically include indemnification or other provisions under which we agree to indemnify or otherwise be liable to them for losses suffered or incurred as a result of claims regarding intellectual property infringement, breach of agreement, including confidentiality, privacy and security obligations, violation of applicable laws, damages caused by failures of our solutions or to property or persons, or other liabilities relating to or arising from our products and services, or other acts or omissions. These contractual provisions often survive termination or expiration of the applicable agreement. We have not to date received any indemnification claims from third parties. However, as we continue to grow, the possibility of these claims against us will increase.

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If our customers or other third parties we do business with make intellectual property rights or other indemnification claims against us, we will incur significant legal expenses and may have to pay damages, license fees, and/or stop using technology found to be in violation of the third party’s rights. We may also have to seek a license for the technology. Such license may not be available on reasonable terms, if at all, and may significantly increase our operating expenses or may require us to restrict our business activities and limit our ability to deliver certain solutions or features. We may also be required to develop alternative non-infringing technology, which could require significant effort and expense and/or cause us to alter our products and services, which could harm our business. Large indemnity obligations, whether for intellectual property or other claims, could harm our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

Additionally, our Falcon platform may be used by our customers and other third parties who obtain access to our solutions for purposes other than for which our platform was intended. For example, our Falcon platform might be misused by a customer to monitor its employee’s activities in a manner that violates the employee’s privacy rights under applicable law.

During the course of performing certain solution-related services and our professional services, our teams may have significant access to our customers’ networks. We cannot be sure that an employee may not take advantage of such access which may make our customers vulnerable to malicious activity by such employee. Any such misuse of our Falcon platform could result in negative press coverage and negatively affect our reputation, which could result in harm to our business, reputation, and results of operations.

We maintain insurance to protect against certain claims associated with the use of our products, but our insurance coverage may not adequately cover any claim asserted against us. In addition, even claims that ultimately are unsuccessful could result in our expenditure of funds in litigation, divert management’s time and other resources, and harm our business and reputation. We offer our customers a limited warranty, subject to certain conditions, with our Falcon Complete cloud module and our potential liability under this warranty is provided by our insurance carrier to us. Any failure or refusal of our insurance providers to provide the expected insurance benefits to us after we have paid the warranty claims would cause us to incur significant expense or cause us to cease offering this warranty which could damage our reputation, cause us to lose customers, expose us to liability claims by our customers, negatively impact our sales and marketing efforts, and have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our credit agreement contains restrictive covenants that limit our ability to borrow more money, to make distributions to our stockholders, and to engage in certain other activities, as well as financial covenants that may limit our operating flexibility.

Our existing credit agreement contains a number of covenants that limit our ability and our subsidiaries’ ability to, among other things, transfer or dispose of assets, pay dividends or make distributions, incur additional indebtedness, create liens, make investments, loans and acquisitions, engage in transactions with affiliates, merge or consolidate with other companies, or sell substantially all of our assets. Our credit agreement is guaranteed by us and certain of our subsidiaries and secured by substantially all of the assets of the borrower subsidiary, us, and the guarantor subsidiaries. The terms of our credit agreement may restrict our current and future operations and could adversely affect our ability to finance our future operations or capital needs or to execute preferred business strategies. In addition, complying with these covenants may make it more difficult for us to successfully execute our business strategy and compete against companies who are not subject to such restrictions. Additionally, our credit agreement includes financial covenants that require us to maintain minimum growth rates of our recurring subscription revenue, and to maintain minimum liquidity at specified levels. We may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow or sales to meet the financial covenants or pay the principal or interest under the credit facility.

If we are unable to comply with our payment requirements, our lender may accelerate our obligations under our credit agreement and foreclose upon the collateral, or we may be forced to sell assets, restructure our indebtedness or seek additional equity capital, which would dilute our stockholders’ interests. If we fail to comply with any covenant it could result in an event of default under the agreement and our lender could make the entire debt immediately due and payable. If this occurs, we might not be able to repay our debt or borrow sufficient funds to refinance it. Even if new financing is available, it may not be on terms that are acceptable to us.

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The requirements of being a public company may strain our resources, divert managements’ attention, and if we fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable regulations could be impaired.

As a new public company, we recently became subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, and the rules and regulations of Nasdaq. We expect that the requirements of these rules and regulations will increase our legal, accounting and financial compliance costs; make some activities more difficult, time-consuming and costly, and place significant strain on our personnel, systems and resources. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires, among other things, that we maintain effective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting. We are continuing to develop and refine our disclosure controls, internal control over financial reporting and other procedures that are designed to ensure information required to be disclosed by us in our financial statements and in the reports that we file with the SEC is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and information required to be disclosed in reports under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to our principal executive and financial officers.

Our current controls and any new controls we develop may become inadequate because of changes in conditions in our business. Further, weaknesses in our internal controls may be discovered in the future. Any failure to develop or maintain effective controls, or any difficulties encountered in their implementation or improvement, could harm our results of operations, may result in a restatement of our financial statements for prior periods, cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations, and could adversely affect the results of periodic management evaluations and annual independent registered public accounting firm attestation reports regarding the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting that we are required to include in the periodic reports we are required to file with the SEC. Ineffective disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting could also cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial and other information, which would likely have a negative effect on the market price of our Class A common stock. As a result of becoming a public company, our management is required, pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, to certify financial and other information in our quarterly and annual reports and provide an annual management report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting commencing with our second Annual Report on Form 10-K. In order to improve our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting to meet this standard, significant resources and management oversight may be required. As a result, management’s attention may be diverted from other business concerns, which could harm our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Our independent registered public accounting firm is not required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting until January 31, 2021. At such time, our independent registered public accounting firm may issue a report that is adverse in the event it is not satisfied with the level at which our controls are documented, designed or operating. Any failure to maintain effective disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting could have a material and adverse effect on our business and results of operations and could cause a decline in the price of our stock.

Future acquisitions, strategic investments, partnerships, or alliances could be difficult to identify and integrate, divert the attention of key management personnel, disrupt our business, dilute stockholder value and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

As part of our business strategy, we have in the past and expect to continue to make investments in and/or acquire complementary companies, services or technologies. Our ability as an organization to acquire and integrate other companies, services or technologies in a successful manner in the future is not guaranteed. We may not be able to find suitable acquisition candidates, and we may not be able to complete such acquisitions on favorable terms, if at all. If we do complete acquisitions, we may not ultimately strengthen our competitive position or ability to achieve our business objectives, and any acquisitions we complete could be viewed negatively by our end-customers or investors. In addition, if we are unsuccessful at integrating such acquisitions, or the technologies associated with such acquisitions, into our company, the revenue and results of operations of the combined company could be adversely affected. Any integration process may require significant time and resources, and we may not be able to manage the process successfully. We may not successfully evaluate or utilize the acquired technology or personnel, or accurately forecast the financial impact of an acquisition transaction, including accounting charges. We may have to pay cash, incur debt or issue equity securities to pay for any such acquisition, each of which could adversely affect our financial condition and the market price of our Class A common stock. The sale of equity or issuance of debt to finance any such acquisitions could result in dilution to our stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased fixed obligations and could also include covenants or other restrictions that would impede our ability to manage our operations.

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Additional risks we may face in connection with acquisitions include:

•diversion of management time and focus from operating our business to addressing acquisition integration challenges;

•coordination of research and development and sales and marketing functions;

•integration of product and service offerings;

•retention of key employees from the acquired company;

•changes in relationships with strategic partners as a result of product acquisitions or strategic positioning resulting from the acquisition;

•cultural challenges associated with integrating employees from the acquired company into our organization;

•integration of the acquired company’s accounting, management information, human resources and other administrative systems;

•the need to implement or improve controls, procedures, and policies at a business that prior to the acquisition may have lacked sufficiently effective controls, procedures and policies;

•additional legal, regulatory or compliance requirements;

•financial reporting, revenue recognition or other financial or control deficiencies of the acquired company that we don’t adequately address and that cause our reported results to be incorrect;

•liability for activities of the acquired company before the acquisition, including intellectual property infringement claims, violations of laws, commercial disputes, tax liabilities and other known and unknown liabilities;

•unanticipated write-offs or charges; and

•litigation or other claims in connection with the acquired company, including claims from terminated employees, customers, former stockholders or other third parties.

Our failure to address these risks or other problems encountered in connection with acquisitions and investments could cause us to fail to realize the anticipated benefits of these acquisitions or investments, cause us to incur unanticipated liabilities, and harm our business generally.

If we cannot maintain our company culture as we grow, we could lose the innovation, teamwork, passion, and focus on execution that we believe contribute to our success and our business may be harmed.

We believe that our corporate culture has been a contributor to our success, which we believe fosters innovation, teamwork, passion and focus on building and marketing our Falcon platform. As we grow, we may find it difficult to maintain our corporate culture. Any failure to preserve our culture could harm our future success, including our ability to retain and recruit personnel, innovate and operate effectively and execute on our business strategy. Additionally, our productivity and the quality of our solutions may be adversely affected if we do not integrate and train our new employees quickly and effectively. If we experience any of these effects in connection with future growth, it could impair our ability to attract new customers, retain existing customers and expand their use of our Falcon platform, all of which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

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Our international operations and plans for future international expansion expose us to significant risks, and failure to manage those risks could adversely impact our business.

We derived approximately 17%, 23%, 26%, and 28% of our total revenue from our international customers for fiscal 2018, fiscal 2019, fiscal 2020, and the six months ended July 31, 2020, respectively. We are continuing to adapt to and develop strategies to address international markets and our growth strategy includes expansion into target geographies, but there is no guarantee that such efforts will be successful. We expect that our international activities will continue to grow in the future, as we continue to pursue opportunities in international markets. These international operations will require significant management attention and financial resources and are subject to substantial risks, including:

•greater difficulty in negotiating contracts with standard terms, enforcing contracts and managing collections, and longer collection periods;

•higher costs of doing business internationally, including costs incurred in establishing and maintaining office space and equipment for our international operations;

•management communication and integration problems resulting from cultural and geographic dispersion;

•risks associated with trade restrictions and foreign legal requirements, including any importation, certification, and localization of our Falcon platform that may be required in foreign countries;

•greater risk of unexpected changes in regulatory practices, tariffs, and tax laws and treaties;

•compliance with anti-bribery laws, including, without limitation, compliance with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, the U.S. Travel Act and the UK Bribery Act 2010, violations of which could lead to significant fines, penalties, and collateral consequences for our company;

•heightened risk of unfair or corrupt business practices in certain geographies and of improper or fraudulent sales arrangements that may impact financial results and result in restatements of, or irregularities in, financial statements;

•the uncertainty of protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;

•general economic and political conditions in these foreign markets;

•foreign exchange controls or tax regulations that might prevent us from repatriating cash earned outside the United States;

•political and economic instability in some countries;

•double taxation of our international earnings and potentially adverse tax consequences due to changes in the tax laws of the United States or the foreign jurisdictions in which we operate;

•unexpected costs for the localization of our services, including translation into foreign languages and adaptation for local practices and regulatory requirements;

•requirements to comply with foreign privacy, data protection, and information security laws and regulations and the risks and costs of noncompliance;

•greater difficulty in identifying, attracting and retaining local qualified personnel, and the costs and expenses associated with such activities;

•greater difficulty identifying qualified channel partners and maintaining successful relationships with such partners;

•differing employment practices and labor relations issues; and

•difficulties in managing and staffing international offices and increased travel, infrastructure, and legal compliance costs associated with multiple international locations.

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Additionally, all of our sales contracts are currently denominated in U.S. dollars. However, a strengthening of the U.S. dollar could increase the cost of our solutions to our international customers, which could adversely affect our business and results of operations. In addition, an increasing portion of our operating expenses is incurred outside the United States, is denominated in foreign currencies, such as the British Pound, Indian Rupee, Euro, Australian Dollar, and Canadian Dollar, and is subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. If we become more exposed to currency fluctuations and are not able to successfully hedge against the risks associated with currency fluctuations, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

As we continue to develop and grow our business globally, our success will depend in large part on our ability to anticipate and effectively manage these risks. The expansion of our existing international operations and entry into additional international markets will require significant management attention and financial resources. Our failure to successfully manage our international operations and the associated risks could limit the future growth of our business.

CrowdStrike is a highly-visible public company whose management, products, business, results of operations, statements and actions are scrutinized by third-parties whose influence could negatively impact the perception of our brand and the market value of our Class A common stock.

CrowdStrike is a highly-visible public company whose management, products, business, results of operations, statements and actions are publicized. Such attention sometimes includes criticism of us by a range of third-parties. Our continued success depends on our ability to focus on executing on our mission and business plan while maintaining the trust of our current and potential customers, employees, stockholders and business partners. Any criticism, whether or not accurate, could influence the perception of our brand or our management by our customers, suppliers or investors, which could adversely impact our business prospects, operating results and the market value of our Class A common stock.

Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards and certain other tax attributes may be limited.

As of January 31, 2020, we had aggregate U.S. federal and California net operating loss carryforwards of $657.3 million and $94.8 million, respectively, which may be available to offset future taxable income for income tax purposes. If not utilized, the federal and California net operating loss carryforwards will begin to expire in 2031. As of January 31, 2020, we had net operating loss carryforwards for other states of $352.8 million that will begin to expire in 2023. As of January 31, 2020, we had federal and California research and development credit carryforwards of $17.2 million and $4.3 million, respectively. The federal research and development credit carryforwards will begin to expire in 2031, and the California carryforwards are carried forward indefinitely. Realization of these net operating loss and research and development credit carryforwards depends on future income, and there is a risk that our existing carryforwards could expire unused and be unavailable to offset future income tax liabilities, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

In addition, under Sections 382 and 383 of the Internal Revenue Code, if a corporation undergoes an “ownership change,” generally defined as a greater than 50% change (by value) in ownership by “5 percent shareholders” over a rolling three-year period, the corporation’s ability to use its pre-change net operating loss carryovers and other pre-change tax attributes, such as research and development credits, to offset its post-change income or taxes may be limited. We may experience ownership changes in the future as a result of shifts in our stock ownership. As a result, if we earn net taxable income, our ability to use our pre-change net operating loss carryforwards to offset U.S. federal taxable income may be subject to limitations, which could potentially result in increased future tax liability to us.

Taxing authorities may successfully assert that we should have collected or in the future should collect sales and use, value added or similar taxes, and we could be subject to liability with respect to past or future sales, which could adversely affect our results of operations.

We do not collect sales and use, value added or similar taxes in all jurisdictions in which we have sales because we have been advised that such taxes are not applicable to our services in certain jurisdictions. Sales and use, value added, and similar tax laws and rates vary greatly by jurisdiction. Certain jurisdictions in which we do not collect such taxes may assert that such taxes are applicable, which could result in tax assessments, penalties and interest, to us or our customers for the past amounts, and we may be required to collect such taxes in the future. If we are unsuccessful in collecting such taxes from our customers, we could be held liable for such costs, which may adversely affect our results of operations.

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Our corporate structure and intercompany arrangements are subject to the tax laws of various jurisdictions, and we could be obligated to pay additional taxes, which would harm our results of operations.

We are expanding our international operations and staff to support our business in international markets. We generally conduct our international operations through wholly-owned subsidiaries and are or may be required to report our taxable income in various jurisdictions worldwide based upon our business operations in those jurisdictions. Our intercompany relationships are subject to complex transfer pricing regulations administered by taxing authorities in various jurisdictions. The amount of taxes we pay in different jurisdictions may depend on the application of the tax laws of the various jurisdictions, including the United States, to our international business activities, changes in tax rates, new or revised tax laws or interpretations of existing tax laws and policies, and our ability to operate our business in a manner consistent with our corporate structure and intercompany arrangements. The relevant taxing authorities may disagree with our determinations as to the income and expenses attributable to specific jurisdictions. If such a disagreement were to occur, and our position was not sustained, we could be required to pay additional taxes, interest and penalties, which could result in one-time tax charges, higher effective tax rates, reduced cash flows and lower overall profitability of our operations.

We are subject to federal, state, and local income, sales, and other taxes in the United States and income, withholding, transaction, and other taxes in numerous foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgment is required in evaluating our tax positions and our worldwide provision for taxes. During the ordinary course of business, there are many activities and transactions for which the ultimate tax determination is uncertain. In addition, our tax obligations and effective tax rates could be adversely affected by changes in the relevant tax, accounting and other laws, regulations, principles and interpretations, including those relating to income tax nexus, by recognizing tax losses or lower than anticipated earnings in jurisdictions where we have lower statutory rates and higher than anticipated earnings in jurisdictions where we have higher statutory rates, by changes in foreign currency exchange rates, or by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities. We may be audited in various jurisdictions, and such jurisdictions may assess additional taxes, sales taxes and value added taxes against us. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, the final determination of any tax audits or litigation could be materially different from our historical tax provisions and accruals, which could have an adverse effect on our results of operations or cash flows in the period or periods for which a determination is made.

If our estimates or judgments relating to our critical accounting policies prove to be incorrect or financial reporting standards or interpretations change, our results of operations could be adversely affected.

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in our condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. We base our estimates on historical experience and on various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances, as discussed in the section titled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets, liabilities and equity, and the amount of revenue and expenses that are not readily apparent from other sources. Significant assumptions and estimates used in preparing our condensed consolidated financial statements include those related to revenue recognition; allowance for doubtful accounts; valuation of common stock and redeemable convertible preferred stock warrants; carrying value and useful lives of long-lived assets; loss contingencies; and the provision for income taxes and related deferred taxes. Additionally, as a result of the global COVID-19 pandemic, many of management’s estimates and assumptions require increased

judgment and carry a higher degree of variability and volatility. Our results of operations may be adversely affected if our assumptions change or if actual circumstances differ from those in our assumptions, which could cause our results of operations to fall below the expectations of industry or financial analysts and investors, resulting in a decline in the market price of our Class A common stock.

Additionally, we regularly monitor our compliance with applicable financial reporting standards and review new pronouncements and drafts thereof that are relevant to us. As a result of new standards, changes to existing standards and changes in their interpretation, we might be required to change our accounting policies, alter our operational policies and implement new or enhance existing systems so that they reflect new or amended financial reporting standards, or we may be required to restate our published financial statements. Such changes to existing standards or changes in their interpretation may have an adverse effect on our reputation, business, financial position and profit, or cause an adverse deviation from our revenue and operating profit target, which may negatively impact our financial results.

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Our business is subject to the risks of earthquakes, fire, floods, outbreak of diseases and other natural catastrophic events, and to interruption by man-made problems such as power disruptions, computer viruses, data security breaches or terrorism.

Our corporate headquarters are located in the San Francisco Bay Area, a region known for seismic activity. A significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, a fire, a flood, or significant power outage and other catastrophic events, including the occurrence of a contagious disease or illness, such as COVID-19, could have a material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. The outbreak of a contagious disease like COVID-19 has, among other things, prompted responses such as government-imposed travel restrictions, the grounding of flights, and the shutdown of workplaces. It is not possible for us to predict the duration or magnitude of the adverse results of the outbreak and its effects on our business or results of operations at this time. Natural disasters and other catastrophic events such as COVID-19, could affect our personnel, recovery of our assets, data centers, supply chain, manufacturing vendors, or logistics providers’ ability to provide materials and perform services such as manufacturing products or assisting with shipments on a timely basis. In addition, climate change could result in an increase in the frequency or severity of natural disasters. In the event that our or our service providers’ information technology systems or manufacturing or logistics abilities are hindered by any of the events discussed above, shipments could be delayed, resulting in missed financial targets, such as revenue and shipment targets, for a particular quarter. In addition, computer malware, viruses and computer hacking, fraudulent use attempts, and phishing attacks have become more prevalent in our industry, and our internal systems may be victimized by such attacks. Although we maintain incident management and disaster response plans, in the event of a major disruption caused by a natural disaster or man-made problem, we may be unable to continue our operations and may endure system interruptions, reputational harm, delays in our development activities, lengthy interruptions in service, breaches of data security and loss of critical data, and our insurance may not cover such events or may be insufficient to compensate us for the potentially significant losses we may incur. Acts of terrorism and other geo-political unrest could also cause disruptions in our business or the business of our supply chain, manufacturers, logistics providers, partners, or customers or the economy as a whole. Any disruption in the business of our supply chain, manufacturers, logistics providers, partners or end-customers that impacts sales at the end of a fiscal quarter could have a significant adverse impact on our financial results. All of the aforementioned risks may be further increased if the disaster recovery plans for us and our suppliers prove to be inadequate. To the extent that any of the above should result in delays or cancellations of customer orders, or the delay in the manufacture, deployment or shipment of our products, our business, financial condition and results of operations would be adversely affected.

Risks Related to Ownership of Our Class A Common Stock

The market price of our Class A common stock may be volatile, and you could lose all or part of your investment.

We cannot predict the prices at which our Class A common stock will trade. The market price of our Class A common stock depends on a number of factors, including those described in this “Risk Factors” section, many of which are beyond our control and may not be related to our operating performance. In addition, the limited public float of our Class A common stock tends to increase the volatility of the trading price of our Class A common stock. These fluctuations could cause you to lose all or part of your investment in our Class A common stock. Factors that could cause fluctuations in the market price of our Class A common stock include the following:

•actual or anticipated changes or fluctuations in our results of operations;

•the financial projections we may provide to the public, any changes in these projections or our failure to meet these projections;

•announcements by us or our competitors of new products or new or terminated significant contracts, commercial relationships or capital commitments;

•industry or financial analyst or investor reaction to our press releases, other public announcements and filings with the SEC;

•rumors and market speculation involving us or other companies in our industry;

•price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time to time;

•changes in operating performance and stock market valuations of other technology companies generally, or those in our industry in particular;

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•failure of industry or financial analysts to maintain coverage of us, changes in financial estimates by any analysts who follow our company, or our failure to meet these estimates or the expectations of investors;

•actual or anticipated developments in our business or our competitors’ businesses or the competitive landscape generally;

•litigation involving us, our industry or both, or investigations by regulators into our operations or those of our competitors;

•developments or disputes concerning our intellectual property rights or our solutions, or third-party proprietary rights;

•announced or completed acquisitions of businesses or technologies by us or our competitors;

•new laws or regulations or new interpretations of existing laws or regulations applicable to our business;

•any major changes in our management or our board of directors, particularly with respect to Mr. Kurtz;

•effects of public health crises, pandemics and epidemics, such as COVID-19;

•general economic conditions and slow or negative growth of our markets; and

•other events or factors, including those resulting from war, incidents of terrorism or responses to these events.

In addition, the stock market in general, and the market for technology companies in particular, has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of those companies. Broad market and industry factors may seriously affect the market price of our Class A common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance. In addition, in the past, following periods of volatility in the overall market and the market prices of a particular company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against that company. Securities litigation, if instituted against us, could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources from our business. This could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Sales of substantial amounts of our Class A common stock in the public markets, or the perception that they might occur, could reduce the price that our Class A common stock might otherwise attain and may dilute your voting power and your ownership interest in us.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our Class A common stock in the public market, including shares of Class A stock that have been converted from shares of Class B common stock, and particularly sales by our directors, executive officers and significant stockholders, or the perception that these sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock. As of August 31, 2020, we had 184,410,223 shares of Class A common stock outstanding and 35,038,535 shares of Class B common stock outstanding.

All of the shares of Class A common stock sold in our initial public offering are freely tradable without restrictions or further registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, except for any shares held by our affiliates as defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act.

In addition, certain holders of our Class B common stock are entitled to rights with respect to registration of these shares under the Securities Act pursuant to our amended and restated registration rights agreement, or RRA. If these holders of our Class B common stock, by exercising their registration rights, sell a large number of shares, they could adversely affect the market price for our Class A common stock.

We may also issue our shares of Class A common stock or securities convertible into shares of our Class A common stock from time to time in connection with a financing, acquisition, investments or otherwise. Any such issuance could result in substantial dilution to our existing stockholders and cause the market price of our Class A common stock to decline.

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If industry or financial analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or if they issue inaccurate or unfavorable research regarding our Class A common stock, our stock price and trading volume could decline.

The trading market for our Class A common stock will be influenced by the research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about us or our business. We do not control these analysts or the content and opinions included in their reports. As a new public company, the analysts who publish information about our Class A common stock have had relatively little experience with our company, which could affect their ability to accurately forecast our results and make it more likely that we fail to meet their estimates. If any of the analysts who cover us issues an inaccurate or unfavorable opinion regarding our stock price, our stock price would likely decline. In addition, the stock prices of many companies in the technology industry have declined significantly after those companies have failed to meet, or significantly exceed, the financial guidance publicly announced by the companies or the expectations of analysts. If our financial results fail to meet, or significantly exceed, our announced guidance or the expectations of analysts or public investors, analysts could downgrade our Class A common stock or publish unfavorable research about us. If one or more of these analysts cease coverage of our company or fail to publish reports on us regularly, our visibility in the financial markets could decrease, which in turn could cause our stock price or trading volume to decline.

The dual class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with those stockholders who held our capital stock (or options or other securities convertible into or exercisable for our capital stock) prior to the completion of our initial public offering, including our executive officers, employees, directors, principal stockholders, and their affiliates, which will limit your ability to influence the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval.

Our Class B common stock has 10 votes per share, and our Class A common stock has one vote per share. The dual class structure of our common stock has the effect of concentrating voting control with those stockholders who held our capital stock (or options or other securities convertible into or exercisable for our capital stock) prior to the initial public offering, including our executive officers, employees, directors, principal stockholders, and their affiliates, which will limit your ability to influence the outcome of matters submitted to our stockholders for approval, including the election of our directors and the approval of any change in control transaction. Future transfers by holders of Class B common stock will generally result in those shares converting to Class A common stock, which will have the effect, over time, of increasing the relative voting power of those holders of Class B common stock who retain their shares in the long term.

As of July 31, 2020, our executive officers, directors, one of our current stockholders and its respective affiliates held, in aggregate, 64% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock. Furthermore, one of our current stockholders and its respective affiliates held, in aggregate, 27% of the voting power of our outstanding capital stock. As a result, these stockholders, acting together, have control over most matters that require approval by our stockholders, including the election of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. They may also have interests that differ from yours and may vote in a way with which you disagree and which may be adverse to your interests. Corporate action might be taken even if other stockholders, including those who purchased shares in our initial public offering, oppose them. This concentration of ownership may have the effect of delaying, preventing or deterring a change of control or other liquidity event of our company, could deprive our stockholders of an opportunity to receive a premium for their shares of common stock as part of a sale or other liquidity event and might ultimately affect the market price of our common stock.

Further, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that, to the fullest extent permitted by law, the doctrine of “corporate opportunity” does not apply to Accel, or its respective affiliates, in a manner that would prohibit them from investing in competing businesses or doing business with our partners or customers.

Shares of our common stock are subordinate to our debts and other liabilities, resulting in a greater risk of loss for stockholders.

Shares of our common stock are subordinate in right of payment to all of our current and future debt. We cannot assure that there would be any remaining funds after the payment of all of our debts for any distribution to our common stockholders.

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We do not intend to pay dividends in the foreseeable future. As a result, your ability to achieve a return on your investment will depend on appreciation in the price of our Class A common stock.

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our capital stock. We currently intend to retain all available funds and any future earnings for use in the operation of our business and do not anticipate paying any dividends in the foreseeable future. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our board of directors. Additionally, our ability to pay dividends is limited by restrictions on our ability to pay dividends or make distributions under the terms of our credit facility. Accordingly, investors must rely on sales of their Class A common stock after price appreciation, which may never occur, as the only way to realize any future gains on their investments.

We are an “emerging growth company” and we cannot be certain if the reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies will make our Class A common stock less attractive to investors.

We will be an “emerging growth company” as defined in the JOBS Act until January 31, 2021. As an emerging growth company, we have taken advantage of certain exemptions from various requirements that are applicable to public companies that are not “emerging growth companies,” including, but not limited to, not being required to comply with the auditor attestation requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We may take advantage of these exemptions until we are no longer an emerging growth company. Further, pursuant to Section 107 of the JOBS Act, as an emerging growth company, we have elected to take advantage of the extended transition period for complying with new or revised accounting standards until those standards would otherwise apply to private companies. As a result, our results of operations and financial statements may not be comparable to the results of operations and financial statements of other companies who have adopted the new or revised accounting standards. We cannot predict if investors will find our Class A common stock less attractive because we have relied on these exemptions. If some investors find our Class A common stock less attractive as a result, our stock price may be more volatile.

The issuance of additional stock in connection with financings, acquisitions, investments, our stock incentive plans, or otherwise will dilute all other stockholders.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation authorizes us to issue up to 2,000,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, up to 300,000,000 shares of Class B common stock, and up to 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock with such rights and preferences as may be determined by our board of directors. Subject to compliance with applicable rules and regulations, we may issue shares of Class A common stock or securities convertible into shares of our Class A common stock from time to time in connection with a financing, acquisition, investment, our stock incentive plans or otherwise. Any such issuance could result in substantial dilution to our existing stockholders and cause the market price of our Class A common stock to decline.

Certain provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could make an acquisition of our company more difficult, limit attempts by our stockholders to replace or remove members of our board of directors or current management, and may adversely affect the market price of our Class A common stock.

Our amended and restated certificate of incorporation and amended and restated bylaws contain provisions that could delay or prevent a change in control of our company. These provisions could also make it difficult for stockholders to elect directors that are not nominated by the current members of our board of directors or take other corporate actions, including effecting changes in our management. These provisions include:

•our dual class common stock structure, which provides our holders of Class B common stock with the ability to significantly influence the outcome of matters requiring stockholder approval, even if they own significantly less than a majority of the shares of our outstanding Class A and Class B common stock;

•a classified board of directors with three-year staggered terms, which could delay the ability of stockholders to change the membership of a majority of our board of directors;

•the ability of our board of directors to issue shares of preferred stock and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preferences and voting rights, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquirer;

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•the exclusive right of our board of directors to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of our board of directors or the resignation, death or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our board of directors;

•a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders, which prohibition will take effect on the first date on which the number of outstanding shares of our Class B common stock represents less than 10% of the aggregate number of outstanding shares of our Class A common stock and our Class B common stock, taken together as a single class;

•the requirement that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by the chairperson of our board of directors, chief executive officer or by the board of directors acting pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of our board of directors, which could delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors;

•certain amendments to our amended and restated certificate of incorporation require the approval of two-thirds of the then-outstanding voting power of our capital stock; and

•advance notice procedures with which stockholders must comply to nominate candidates to our board of directors or to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquirer’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us.

These provisions may prohibit large stockholders, in particular those owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock, from merging or combining with us for a certain period of time.

Our amended and restated bylaws provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, and to the extent enforceable, the federal district courts of the United States, will be the exclusive forum for certain disputes between us and our stockholders, which could limit our stockholders’ ability to obtain a favorable judicial forum for disputes with us or our directors, officers or employees.

Our amended and restated bylaws provide that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware is the exclusive forum for:

•any derivative action or proceeding brought on our behalf;

•any action asserting a breach of fiduciary duty;

•any action asserting a claim against us arising under the Delaware General Corporation Law, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws;

•any action to interpret, apply, enforce or determine the validity of our amended and restated certificate of incorporation or our amended and restated bylaws; and

•any action asserting a claim against us that is governed by the internal-affairs doctrine.

However, this exclusive forum provision does not apply to suits brought to enforce a duty or liability created by the Exchange Act. In addition, our amended and restated bylaws provide that the federal district courts of the United States will be the exclusive forum for resolving any complaint asserting a cause of action arising under the Securities Act, subject to and contingent upon a final adjudication in the State of Delaware of the enforceability of such exclusive forum provision.

These exclusive-forum provisions may limit a stockholder’s ability to bring a claim in a judicial forum that it finds favorable for disputes with us or our directors, officers or other employees, which may discourage lawsuits against us and our directors, officers and other employees.

Item 2. Unregistered Shares of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities

None.

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Use of Proceeds from Public Offering of Common Stock

There were no purchases of shares of our common stock during the six months ended July 31, 2020. On June 11, 2019, the SEC declared our registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-231461) for our IPO effective. There have been no material changes in the planned use of proceeds from our IPO as described in our final prospectus filed with the SEC on June 13, 2019.

Item 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

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Item 6. Exhibits

We have filed the exhibits listed on the accompanying Exhibit Index, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Index to Exhibits

Incorporated by Reference

Exhibit
Number

Exhibit Description

Form

File No.

Exhibit

Filing
Date

Filed
Herewith

10.1†

Form of Global Restricted Stock Unit Agreement Outside Directors – A nnual Grant under the Company’s 2019 Equity Incentive Plan

31.1

Certification of the Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a14(a) and 15d14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

31.2

Certification of the Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a14(a) and 15d14(a), as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

32.1*

Certification of the Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

101.INS

Inline XBRL Instance Document

101.SCH

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document

101.PRE

Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104

Cover Page Interactive Data File – the cover page XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline Instance XBRL document

_______________________________________

†Indicates management contract or compensatory plan, contract or agreement.

*The certifications furnished in Exhibit 32.1 hereto are deemed to accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and will not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, except to the extent that the registrant specifically incorporates it by reference.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Sunnyvale, California, on the day of September 3, 2020.


			CROWDSTRIKE HOLDINGS, INC.

			By:			/s/ Burt W. Podbere
						Burt W. Podbere Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

			By:			/s/ Abhishek Maheshwari
						Abhishek Maheshwari Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)