IF Bancorp, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2017 December (Form 10-Q)

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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

For the quarterly period ended December 31, 2017

OR

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission File No. 001-35226

IF Bancorp, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(815) 432-2476

(Registrant’s telephone number)

N/A

(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such requirements for the past 90 days.    YES  ☒    NO  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).    YES  ☒    NO  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    YES  ☐    NO  ☒

The Registrant had 3,940,408 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, issued and outstanding as of February 2, 2018.

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IF Bancorp, Inc.

Form 10-Q

Index

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Part I. – Financial Information

IF Bancorp, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amount)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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IF Bancorp, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands except per share amounts)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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IF Bancorp, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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IF Bancorp, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders’ Equity (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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IF Bancorp, Inc.

Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows (Unaudited)

(Dollars in thousands)

See accompanying notes to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements.

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IF Bancorp, Inc.

Form 10-Q (Unaudited)

(Table dollar amounts in thousands)

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1:    Basis of Financial Statement Presentation

IF Bancorp, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), became the holding company for Iroquois Federal Savings and Loan Association (the “Association”) upon completion of the Association’s conversion on July 7, 2011. At the time of the conversion, the Company sold shares of its common stock to the public and also established an employee stock ownership plan that purchased 384,900 shares of Company stock, and a charitable foundation, Iroquois Federal Foundation, to which the Company donated 314,755 shares of Company stock and $450,000 cash. IF Bancorp, Inc.’s common stock trades on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the symbol “IROQ”.

In December 2017, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act was enacted, which will lower our federal income tax rate to 21% effective for tax periods after December 31, 2017. As a result, the Company is required to revalue its deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities to account for the future impact of the lower corporate rate on these deferred amounts. The effect of the change in tax rates on our deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized as an expense in the period that includes the enactment date, which is the quarter ended December 31, 2017. The one-time adjustment of deferred taxes for this tax change negatively impacts the Company’s current earnings and is reflected in our December 31, 2017 financials as a $1.3 million tax expense.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, the Association, and the Association’s wholly owned subsidiary, L.C.I. Service Corporation. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) for interim financial reporting and with instructions for Form 10–Q and Regulation S–X. Accordingly, certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the balance sheet date and revenues and expenses for the period. Actual results could differ from these estimates. In the opinion of management, the preceding unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring accruals) necessary for a fair presentation of the financial condition of the Company as of December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, and the results of its operations for the three month and six month periods ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. These consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2017. The results of operations for the three month and six month periods ended December 31, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the entire year.

Note 2:    New Accounting Pronouncements

In May, 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606). The update provides a five-step revenue recognition model for all revenue arising from contracts with customers and affects all entities that enter into contracts to provide goods or services to their customers (unless the contracts are included in the scope of other standards). The guidance requires an entity to recognize the revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods and services. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-08, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606): Principal versus Agent Considerations (Reporting Revenue Gross versus Net), which clarifies the implementation guidance related to principal versus agent

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considerations and adds illustrative examples to assist in the application of the guidance. The amendments in ASU 2016-08 affect the guidance in ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), which is not yet effective. The effective date and transition requirements in ASU 2016-08 are the same as the effective date and transition requirements of ASU 2014-09. For public entities, the guidance is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within that reporting period, and must be applied either retrospectively or using the modified retrospective approach. Early adoption is not permitted. Since the guidance does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including loans and securities that are accounted for under other GAAP, the Company does not expect the new guidance to have a material impact on revenue most closely associated with financial instruments, including interest income. The Company is currently performing an overall assessment of revenue streams potentially affected by the ASU including deposit related fees and interchange fees to determine the potential impact the new guidance is expected to have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The standard permits the use of either the full retrospective or modified retrospective transition method. The Company is currently planning to use the modified retrospective transition method which requires application of ASU 2014-09 to uncompleted contracts at the date of adoption. Periods prior to the date of adoption are not retrospectively revised, but a cumulative effect of adoption is recognized for the impact of the ASU on uncompleted contracts at the date of adoption. The Company plans to adopt ASU 2014-09 on July 1, 2018.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10) - Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. ASU 2016-01 is intended to enhance the reporting model for financial instruments to provide users of financial statements with more decision-useful information. ASU 2016-01 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Adoption by the Company is not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842), which amends the existing standards for lease accounting effectively bringing most leases onto the balance sheets of the related lessees by requiring them to recognize a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability, while leaving lessor accounting largely unchanged with only targeted changes incorporated into the update. ASU 2016-02 is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018, and interim periods within those annual periods with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently reviewing the amendments to ensure it is fully compliant by the adoption date. As permitted by the amendments, the Company is anticipating electing an accounting policy to not recognize lease assets and lease liabilities for leases with a term of twelve months or less. The impact is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s financial position or results of operations since the Company does not have a material amount of lease agreements. The Company continues to evaluate the amendments and does not expect to early adopt.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. The ASU requires an organization to measure all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. Financial institutions and other organizations will now use forward-looking information to better inform their credit loss estimates. Many of the loss estimation techniques applied today will still be permitted, although the inputs to those techniques will change to reflect the full amount of expected credit losses. Organizations will continue to use judgment to determine which loss estimation method is appropriate for their circumstances. Additionally, the ASU amends the accounting for credit losses on available-for-sale debt securities and purchased financial assets with credit deterioration. For public companies, this update will be effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. As we prepare for the adoption of ASU-2016-13, we have established a team to review the requirements as published, monitor developments and new guidance, and review and collect data that will be required to calculate and report the allowance when ASU 2016-13 becomes effective. The Corporation has not yet determined the impact the adoption of ASU 2016-13 will have on the consolidated financial statements.

In August, 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230), which amends ASC 230 to add or clarify guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows. ASC 230 lacks consistent principles for evaluating the classification of cash payments and receipts in the statement of cash flows. This

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has led to diversity in practice and, in certain circumstances, financial statement restatements. Therefore, the FASB issued the ASU with the intent of reducing diversity in practice with respect to eight types of cash flows. The amendments in this Update are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the pending adoption of ASU-2016-15 and its impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification was issued to provide clarity and reduce both 1) diversity in practice and 2) cost and complexity when applying the guidance in Topic 718, Compensation - Stock Compensation. ASU 2017-09 includes guidance on determining which changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards require an entity to apply modification accounting under Topic 718. ASU 2017-09 is effective for the annual period, and interim periods within the annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period for: (a) public business entities for reporting periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued, and (b) all other entities for reporting periods for which financial statements have not yet been made available for issuance. ASU 2017-09 should be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of ASU 2017-09 on its consolidated financial statements, but does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-09 to have material impact on it consolidated financial statements.

Note 3:    Stock-based Compensation

In connection with the conversion to stock form, the Association established an ESOP for the exclusive benefit of eligible employees (all salaried employees who have completed at least 1,000 hours of service in a twelve-month period and have attained the age of 21). The ESOP borrowed funds from the Company in an amount sufficient to purchase 384,900 shares (approximately 8% of the common stock issued in the stock offering). The loan is secured by the shares purchased and will be repaid by the ESOP with funds from contributions made by the Association and dividends received by the ESOP, with funds from any contributions on ESOP assets. Contributions will be applied to repay interest on the loan first, then the remainder will be applied to principal. The loan is expected to be repaid over a period of up to 20 years. Shares purchased with the loan proceeds are held in a suspense account for allocation among participants as the loan is repaid. Contributions to the ESOP and shares released from the suspense account are allocated among participants in proportion to their compensation, relative to total compensation of all active participants. Participants will vest 100% in their accrued benefits under the employee stock ownership plan after six vesting years, with prorated vesting in years two through five. Vesting is accelerated upon retirement, death or disability of the participant or a change in control of the Association. Forfeitures will be reallocated to remaining plan participants. Benefits may be payable upon retirement, death, disability, separation from service, or termination of the ESOP. Since the Association’s annual contributions are discretionary, benefits payable under the ESOP cannot be estimated. Participants receive the shares at the end of employment.

The Company is accounting for its ESOP in accordance with ASC Topic 718, Employers Accounting for Employee Stock Ownership Plans. Accordingly, the debt of the ESOP is eliminated in consolidation and the shares pledged as collateral are reported as unearned ESOP shares in the consolidated balance sheets. Contributions to the ESOP shall be sufficient to pay principal and interest currently due under the loan agreement. As shares are committed to be released from collateral, the Company reports compensation expense equal to the average market price of the shares for the respective period, and the shares become outstanding for earnings per share computations. Dividends, if any, on unallocated ESOP shares are recorded as a reduction of debt and accrued interest.

A summary of ESOP shares at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017 are as follows (dollars in thousands):

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During the six months ended December 31, 2017, 6,116 ESOP shares were paid to ESOP participants due to separation from service. During the six months ended December 31, 2016, 7,360 ESOP shares were paid to ESOP participants due to separation from service.

At the annual meeting on November 19, 2012, the IF Bancorp, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Equity Incentive Plan”) was approved by stockholders. The purpose of the Equity Incentive Plan is to promote the long-term financial success of the Company and its Subsidiaries by providing a means to attract, retain and reward individuals who contribute to such success and to further align their interests with those of the Company’s stockholders. The Equity Incentive Plan authorizes the issuance or delivery to participants of up to 673,575 shares of the Company common stock pursuant to grants of incentive and non-qualified stock options, restricted stock awards and restricted stock unit awards, provided that the maximum number of shares of Company common stock that may be delivered pursuant to the exercise of stock options (all of which may be granted as incentive stock options) is 481,125 and the maximum number of shares of Company stock that may be issued as restricted stock awards or restricted stock units is 192,450.

On December 10, 2013, the Board of Directors approved grants of 85,500 shares of restricted stock and 167,000 in stock options to senior officers and directors of the Association. The restricted stock vests in equal installments over 10 years and the stock options vest in equal installments over 7 years. Vesting of both the restricted stock and options started in December 2014. On December 10, 2015, the Board of Directors approved grants of 16,900 shares of restricted stock to be awarded to senior officers and directors of the Association. The restricted stock vests in equal installments over 8 years, starting in December 2016. As of December 31, 2016, there were 90,050 shares of restricted stock and 314,125 stock option shares available for future grants under this plan.

The following table summarizes stock option activity for the six months ended December 31, 2017 (dollars in thousands):

Intrinsic value for stock options is defined as the difference between the current market value and the exercise price. There were no stock options granted during the six months ended December 31, 2017.

There were 22,285 stock options that vested during the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 22,286 stock options that vested during the six months ended December 31, 2016. Stock-based compensation expense and related tax benefit was considered nominal for stock options for the six months ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. Total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options was $165,000 at December 31, 2017 and is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 2.9 years.

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The following table summarizes non-vested restricted stock activity for the six months ended December 31, 2017:

The fair value of the restricted stock awards is amortized to compensation expense over the vesting period (ten years) and is based on the market price of the Company’s common stock at the date of grant multiplied by the number of shares granted that are expected to vest. At the date of grant the par value of the shares granted was recorded in equity as a credit to common stock and a debit to paid-in capital. Stock-based compensation expense and related tax benefit for restricted stock, which was recognized in non-interest expense, was $85,000 and $29,000, respectively, for both the six months ended December 31, 2017 and the six months ended December 31, 2016. Unrecognized compensation expense for non-vested restricted stock awards was $1.0 million at December 31, 2017, and is expected to be recognized over 5.9 years with a corresponding credit to paid-in capital.

Note 4:    Earnings Per Common Share (“EPS”)

Basic and diluted earnings per common share are presented for the three month and six month periods ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. The factors used in the earnings per common share computation follow:

The Company announced a stock repurchase plan on February 5, 2016, which allowed the Company to repurchase up to 200,703 shares of its common stock, or approximately 5% of its then current outstanding shares. As of December 31, 2017, 73,653 shares were repurchased at an average price of $18.65.

On December 10, 2013, the Company awarded 85,500 shares of restricted stock and 167,000 in stock options to officers and directors of the Association as part of the IF Bancorp, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. The restricted stock vests over

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10 years and the stock options vest over 7 years, both starting in December 2014. On December 10, 2015, the Company awarded 16,900 shares of restricted stock to officers and directors of the Association as part of this plan. This restricted stock will vest over 8 years, starting in December 2016.

Note 5:    Securities

The amortized cost and approximate fair value of securities, together with gross unrealized gains and losses, of securities are as follows:

With the exception of U.S. Government, federal agency and GSE securities and GSE residential mortgage-backed securities with a book value of approximately $16,134,000 and $97,018,000, respectively, and a market value of approximately $15,938,000 and $95,833,000, respectively, at December 31, 2017, the Company held no securities at December 31, 2017 with a book value that exceeded 10% of total equity.

All mortgage-backed securities at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017 were issued by GSEs.

The amortized cost and fair value of available-for-sale securities at December 31, 2017, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

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The carrying value of securities pledged as collateral to secure public deposits and for other purposes was $65,689,000 and $59,262,000 as of December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, respectively.

The carrying value of securities sold under agreement to repurchase amounted to $3.0 million at December 31, 2017 and $2.2 million at June 30, 2017. At December 31, 2017, approximately $1.2 million of our repurchase agreements had an overnight maturity, while the remaining $1.8 million in repurchase agreements had a term of 30 to 90 days. All of our repurchase agreements were secured by U.S. Government, federal agency and GSE securities. The right of offset for a repurchase agreement resembles a secured borrowing, whereby the collateral pledged by the Company would be used to settle the fair value of the repurchase agreement should the Company be in default. The collateral is held by the Company in a segregated custodial account. In the event the collateral fair value falls below stipulated levels, the Company will pledge additional securities. The Company closely monitors collateral levels to ensure adequate levels are maintained.

Gross gains of $20,000 and $117,000, and gross losses of $7,000 and $0, resulting from sales of available-for-sale securities were realized for the six month periods ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The tax provision applicable to these net realized gains amounted to approximately $4,000 and $46,000, respectively. No gross gains or gross losses resulting from sales of available-for-sale securities were realized for the three month periods ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.

Certain investments in debt securities are reported in the consolidated financial statements at an amount less than their historical cost. Total fair value of these investments at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, was $101,790,000 and $75,046,000, respectively, which is approximately 87% and 67% of the Company’s available-for-sale investment portfolio. These declines in fair value at June 30, 2017, resulted from increases in market interest rates and were temporary.

The following table shows the Company’s gross unrealized investment losses and the fair value of the Company’s investments with unrealized losses that are not deemed to be other-than-temporarily impaired, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017:

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The unrealized losses on the Company’s investment in residential mortgage-backed securities and U.S. Government and federal agency and Government sponsored enterprises at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, are mostly the result of a decline in market value that is attributable to changes in interest rates and not credit quality, and the Company does not consider those investments to be other-than-temporarily impaired at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017.

Note 6:    Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

Classes of loans include:

The Company believes that sound loans are a necessary and desirable means of employing funds available for investment. Recognizing the Company’s obligations to its depositors and to the communities it serves, authorized personnel are expected to seek to develop and make sound, profitable loans that resources permit and that opportunity affords. The Company maintains lending policies and procedures designed to focus our lending efforts on the types, locations, and duration of loans most appropriate for our business model and markets. The Company’s principal lending activity is the origination of one- to four-family residential mortgage loans but also includes multi-family loans, commercial real estate loans, home equity lines of credits, commercial business loans, consumer loans (consisting primarily of automobile loans),

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and, to a much lesser extent, construction loans and land loans. The primary lending market includes the Illinois counties of Vermilion, Iroquois, Champaign and Kankakee, as well as the adjacent counties in Illinois and Indiana. The Company also has a loan production and wealth management office in Osage Beach, Missouri, which serves the Missouri counties of Camden, Miller, and Morgan. Generally, loans are collateralized by assets, primarily real estate, of the borrowers and guaranteed by individuals. The loans are expected to be repaid from cash flows of the borrowers or from proceeds from the sale of selected assets of the borrowers.

Management reviews and approves the Company’s lending policies and procedures on a routine basis. Management routinely (at least quarterly) reviews our allowance for loan losses and reports related to loan production, loan quality, concentrations of credit, loan delinquencies and non-performing and potential problem loans. Our underwriting standards are designed to encourage relationship banking rather than transactional banking. Relationship banking implies a primary banking relationship with the borrower that includes, at minimum, an active deposit banking relationship in addition to the lending relationship. The integrity and character of the borrower are significant factors in our loan underwriting. As a part of underwriting, tangible positive or negative evidence of the borrower’s integrity and character are sought out. Additional significant underwriting factors beyond location, duration, the sound and profitable cash flow basis underlying the loan and the borrower’s character are the quality of the borrower’s financial history, the liquidity of the underlying collateral and the reliability of the valuation of the underlying collateral.

The Company’s policies and loan approval limits are established by the Board of Directors. The loan officers generally have authority to approve one- to four-family residential mortgage loans up to $100,000, other secured loans up to $50,000, and unsecured loans up to $10,000. Managing Officers (those with designated loan approval authority), generally have authority to approve one- to four-family residential mortgage loans up to $300,000, other secured loans up to $300,000, and unsecured loans up to $100,000. In addition, any two individual officers may combine their loan authority limits to approve a loan. Our Loan Committee may approve one- to four-family residential mortgage loans, commercial real estate loans, multi-family real estate loans and land loans up to $1,000,000 in aggregate loans, and unsecured loans up to $300,000. All loans above these limits must be approved by the Operating Committee, consisting of the Chairman and up to four other Board members. At no time is a borrower’s total borrowing relationship to exceed our regulatory lending limit. Loans to related parties, including executive officers and the Company’s directors, are reviewed for compliance with regulatory guidelines and the Board of Directors at least annually.

The Company conducts internal loan reviews that validate the loans against the Company’s loan policy quarterly for mortgage, consumer, and small commercial loans on a sample basis, and all larger commercial loans on an annual basis. The Company also receives independent loan reviews performed by a third party on larger commercial loans to be performed annually. In addition to compliance with our policy, the third party loan review process reviews the risk assessments made by our credit department, lenders and loan committees. Results of these reviews are presented to management and the Board of Directors.

The Company’s lending can be summarized into six primary areas: one- to four-family residential mortgage loans, commercial real estate and multi-family real estate loans, home equity lines of credits, real estate construction, commercial business loans, and consumer loans.

One- to four-family Residential Mortgage Loans

The Company offers one- to four-family residential mortgage loans that conform to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac underwriting standards (conforming loans) as well as non-conforming loans. In recent years there has been an increased demand for long-term fixed-rate loans, as market rates have dropped and remained near historic lows. As a result, the Company has sold a substantial portion of the fixed-rate one- to four-family residential mortgage loans with terms of 15 years or greater. Generally, the Company retains fixed-rate one- to four-family residential mortgage loans with terms of less than 15 years, although this has represented a small percentage of the fixed-rate loans originated in recent years due to the favorable long-term rates for borrower.

The Company offers USDA Rural Development loans and sells the servicing.

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In addition, the Company also offers home equity loans that are secured by a second mortgage on the borrower’s primary or secondary residence. Home equity loans are generally underwritten using the same criteria used to underwrite one- to four-family residential mortgage loans.

As one- to four-family residential mortgage and home equity loan underwriting are subject to specific regulations, the Company typically underwrites its one- to four-family residential mortgage and home equity loans to conform to widely accepted standards. Several factors are considered in underwriting including the value of the underlying real estate and the debt to income ratio and credit history of the borrower.

Commercial Real Estate and Multi-Family Real Estate Loans

Commercial real estate mortgage loans are primarily secured by office buildings, owner-occupied businesses, strip mall centers, churches and farm loans secured by real estate. In underwriting commercial real estate and multi-family real estate loans, the Company considers a number of factors, which include the projected net cash flow to the loan’s debt service requirement, the age and condition of the collateral, the financial resources and income level of the borrower and the borrower’s experience in owning or managing similar properties. Personal guarantees are typically obtained from commercial real estate and multi-family real estate borrowers. In addition, the borrower’s financial information on such loans is monitored on an ongoing basis by requiring periodic financial statement updates. The repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the cash flows of the underlying property. However, the commercial real estate loan generally must be supported by an adequate underlying collateral value. The performance and the value of the underlying property may be adversely affected by economic factors or geographical and/or industry specific factors. These loans are subject to other industry guidelines that are closely monitored by the Company.

Home Equity Lines of Credit

In addition to traditional one- to four-family residential mortgage loans and home equity loans, the Company offers home equity lines of credit that are secured by the borrower’s primary or secondary residence. Home equity lines of credit are generally underwritten using the same criteria used to underwrite one- to four-family residential mortgage loans. As home equity lines of credit underwriting is subject to specific regulations, the Company typically underwrites its home equity lines of credit to conform to widely accepted standards. Several factors are considered in underwriting including the value of the underlying real estate and the debt to income ratio and credit history of the borrower.

Commercial Business Loans

The Company originates commercial non-mortgage business (term) loans and lines of credit. These loans are generally originated to small- and medium-sized companies in the Company’s primary market area. Commercial business loans are generally used for working capital purposes or for acquiring equipment, inventory or furniture, and are primarily secured by business assets other than real estate, such as business equipment and inventory, accounts receivable or stock. The Company also offers agriculture loans that are not secured by real estate.

The commercial business loan portfolio consists primarily of secured loans. When making commercial business loans, the Company considers the financial statements, lending history and debt service capabilities of the borrower, the projected cash flows of the business and the value of any collateral. The cash flows of the underlying borrower, however, may not perform consistently with historical or projected information. Further, the collateral securing loans may fluctuate in value due to individual economic or other factors. Loans are typically guaranteed by the principals of the borrower. The Company has established minimum standards and underwriting guidelines for all commercial loan types.

Real Estate Construction Loans

The Company originates construction loans for one- to four-family residential properties and commercial real estate properties, including multi-family properties. The Company generally requires that a commitment for permanent financing be in place prior to closing the construction loan. The repayment of these loans is typically through permanent financing following completion of the construction. Real estate construction loans are inherently more risky than loans on completed properties as the unimproved nature and the financial risks of construction significantly enhance the risks of commercial real estate loans. These loans are closely monitored and subject to other industry guidelines.

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Consumer Loans

Consumer loans consist of installment loans to individuals, primarily automotive loans. These loans are underwritten utilizing the borrower’s financial history, including the Fair Isaac Corporation (“FICO”) credit scoring and information as to the underlying collateral. Repayment is expected from the cash flow of the borrower. Consumer loans may be underwritten with terms up to seven years, fully amortized. Unsecured loans are limited to twelve months. Loan-to-value ratios vary based on the type of collateral. The Company has established minimum standards and underwriting guidelines for all consumer loan collateral types.

Loan Concentration

The loan portfolio includes a concentration of loans secured by commercial real estate properties amounting to $240,106,000 and $227,359,000 as of December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, respectively. Generally, these loans are collateralized by multi-family and nonresidential properties. The loans are expected to be repaid from cash flows or from proceeds from the sale of the properties of the borrower.

Purchased Loans and Loan Participations

The Company’s loans receivable included purchased loans of $6,508,000 and $7,599,000 at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, respectively. All of these purchased loans are secured by single family homes located out of our primary market area, but still primarily in the Midwest. The Company’s loans receivable also include commercial loan participations of $32,501,000 and $38,531,000 at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017, respectively, of which $9,082,000 and $10,322,000, at December 31, 2017 and June 30, 2017 were outside our primary market area.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The following tables present the balance in the allowance for loan losses and the recorded investment in loans based on portfolio segment and impairment method as of the three month and six month periods ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 and the year ended June 30, 2017:

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