Annual Statements Open main menu

LAKE SHORE BANCORP, INC. - Annual Report: 2011 (Form 10-K)

lsb-10k_123111.htm


United States
Securities and Exchange Commission
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark One)
x ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011

o TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File No.:  000-51821

Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

United States
 
20-4729288
(State or Other Jurisdiction
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
of Incorporation or Organization)
 
 

31 East Fourth Street, Dunkirk, NY 14048
(Address of Principal Executive Offices, including zip code)

(716) 366-4070
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:  Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share
Name of each exchange on which registered:  The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:  None.

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes o  No x

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.
Yes o  No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes x  No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes x No  o
 
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company.  See definition of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  (Check one):

Large accelerated filer  o
Accelerated filer  o
   
Non-accelerated filer  o (Do not check if smaller reporting company)
Smaller reporting company  x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o  No x

The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2011 was $23,621,157 based on the per share closing price as of June 30, 2011 on the Nasdaq Global Market for the registrant’s common stock, which was $10.26.

There were 5,939,132 shares of the registrant’s common stock, $.01 par value per share, outstanding at March 26, 2012.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:

 
Part of 10-K
where incorporated
Portions of the registrant’s Proxy Statement for the 2012 Annual Meeting of Stockholders
III
 


 
 

 
 
LAKE SHORE BANCORP, INC.
ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED
DECEMBER 31, 2011
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS

ITEM
PAGE
     
1
37
44
45
46
46
     
   
     
46
48
50
63
65
65
65
66
     
   
     
66
66
66
67
67
     
 
PART IV
 
     
67
 
69
 
 
 

 
 
PART I

Item 1. Business.

General
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. (“Lake Shore Bancorp,” the “Company,” “us,” or “we”) operates as a mid-tier, federally chartered holding company of Lake Shore Savings Bank (“Lake Shore Savings” or the “Bank”).  A majority of Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc.’s issued and outstanding common stock (61.2%) is held by Lake Shore, MHC (the “MHC”), a federally chartered mutual holding company, which serves as the parent company to Lake Shore Bancorp.  Lake Shore, MHC does not engage in any business activity other than its investment in a majority of the common stock of Lake Shore Bancorp.  The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (the “Federal Reserve Board”) is the current regulator for Lake Shore, MHC.  Federal law and regulations require that as long as Lake Shore, MHC is in existence, it must own at least a majority of Lake Shore Bancorp’s common stock.  The remaining common shares of Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. are owned by public stockholders and the Lake Shore Savings Bank Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”).  Our common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “LSBK”.  Unless the context otherwise requires, all references herein to Lake Shore Bancorp or Lake Shore Savings include Lake Shore Bancorp and Lake Shore Savings on a consolidated basis.

Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. was organized in 2006 for the purpose of acting as the holding company of Lake Shore Savings Bank in connection with the Company’s initial public stock offering.  At the time of its organization the Company was a federal corporation regulated by the Office of Thrift Supervision.  Effective in July 2011, the regulation of federally chartered savings and loan holding companies was transferred to the Federal Reserve Board under the Dodd-Frank Act.  At December 31, 2011, Lake Shore Bancorp had total consolidated assets of $488.6 million, of which $275.1 million was comprised of loans receivable, net and $164.2 million was comprised of available for sale securities.  At December 31, 2011, total consolidated deposits were $379.8 million and total consolidated stockholders’ equity was $63.9 million.

Lake Shore Savings Bank was chartered as a New York savings and loan association in 1891.  In 2006, the Bank converted from a New York-chartered mutual savings and loan association to a federal savings bank charter.  At the time of the re-organization into a federal savings bank charter, the Bank was regulated by the Office of Thrift Supervision.  Effective in July 2011, the regulation of federally chartered savings banks was transferred to the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (“OCC”) under the Dodd-Frank Act.

For over 120 years, the Bank has served the local community of Dunkirk, New York.  In 1987, we opened our second office in Fredonia, New York.  Since 1993, we have more than quadrupled our asset-size and expanded to ten branch offices.  In addition, we have added three administrative office buildings which comprise our corporate headquarters in Dunkirk, New York. Our principal business consists of (1) attracting retail deposits from the general public in the areas surrounding our corporate headquarters and main office in Dunkirk, New York and nine other branch offices in Chautauqua and Erie Counties, New York and (2) investing those deposits, together with funds generated from operations, primarily in one-to four-family residential mortgage loans, commercial real estate loans, home equity loans and lines of credit and, to a lesser extent, commercial business loans, consumer loans, and investment securities.  Our revenues are principally derived from interest generated from our loans and interest earned and dividends received on our investment securities.  Our primary sources of funds for lending and investments are deposits, borrowings, payments of loan principal and interest, payments on mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, maturities and calls of investment securities and income resulting from operations in prior periods.

 
1

 
 
Available Information

Lake Shore Bancorp’s annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to such reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are made available free of charge on our website, www.lakeshoresavings.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after such reports are electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission.  Such reports are also available on the Securities and Exchange Commission’s website at www.sec.gov.  Information on our website shall not be considered a part of this Form 10-K.

Market Area
 
Our operations are conducted out of our corporate headquarters and main office in Dunkirk, New York and nine other branch offices.  Our branches in Chautauqua County, New York are located in Dunkirk, Fredonia, Jamestown, Lakewood and Westfield.  In Erie County, New York our branch offices are located in Depew, East Amherst, Hamburg, Kenmore and Orchard Park. Our first branch office in Erie County opened during April 2003 and the most recent branch office opened in April 2010.  We also have six stand-alone ATMs.  The opening of five branch offices in Erie County, New York since 2003 demonstrates the implementation of our growth strategy which is focused on expansion within Erie County while preserving our market share in Chautauqua County.

Our geographic market area for loans and deposits is principally Chautauqua and Erie Counties, New York.  Northern Chautauqua County is located on Lake Erie in the western portion of New York and is approximately 45 miles from Buffalo, New York.  There are multiple prime industries in this county and a skilled and productive labor force.  Northern Chautauqua County is served by two accredited hospitals and offers higher education opportunities at the State University of New York (SUNY) at Fredonia, a four year liberal arts school,  and at SUNY Jamestown, a community college.  We have lending or deposit relationships with such institutions.  Southern Chautauqua County is more of a tourist area, featuring Chautauqua Lake, but it also hosts a broad diversity of industry, commercial establishments and financial institutions as well as a skilled and productive workforce.  Jamestown, New York, where we opened the first of two branch offices in 1996, is the most populous city in Chautauqua County.

Erie County is a metropolitan center located on the western border of New York covering 1,058 square miles.  Located within Erie County is the city of Buffalo, the second largest city in the State of New York.  As the city of Buffalo has redeveloped, so too have its suburbs throughout Erie County, which also host the Buffalo Niagara International Airport in Cheektowaga, New York and professional sports franchises.  One of the main commercial thorough-fares in Erie County is Transit Road, which has experienced robust development in recent years and is the location of one of our branch offices.

The demographic characteristics of our market area are less attractive than national and state measures.  Both Chautauqua and Erie Counties exhibit slower rates of population growth when compared to the United States and New York State averages. In addition, both Chautauqua and Erie Counties have lower per capita income and slower growth in per capita income when compared to the United States and the New York State averages.  Since Chautauqua County has historically exhibited less attractive demographic characteristics, we may have limited growth opportunities in Chautauqua County.  However, Erie County displays a stronger housing market than Chautauqua County and Erie County’s population base is five times larger than Chautauqua County, which offers us a new source of customers in the form of deposit and lending opportunities.  Notwithstanding these demographic characteristics, our primary market area has historically been stable, with a diversified base of employers and employment sectors. The local economies that we serve are not dependent on one key employer. Transportation equipment is the largest manufacturing industry in the Buffalo area, as well as production of automobile component parts. The principal employment sectors are service-related, wholesale and retail trade, and durable-goods manufacturing.  Most of the job opportunities in Chautauqua and Erie Counties have been in service-related industries, and service jobs now account for the largest portion of the workforce.
 
 
2

 
 
The challenging economic conditions affecting the national and global financial markets are not having a significant effect on the housing prices in our market area.  However, unemployment rates in our area were approximately 7% at December 31, 2011, which was higher than the average unemployment rate of 5%- 6% experienced in prior years, and may affect our ability to originate residential mortgage loans.

 Our future growth will be influenced by the strength of our regional economy, other demographic trends and the competitive environment.  We believe that we have developed lending products and marketing strategies to address the credit-related needs of the residents and small business in our local market area.

Competition

We face intense competition both in making loans and attracting deposits.  New York State has a high concentration of financial institutions, many of which are branches of large money centers and regional banks which have resulted from the consolidation of the banking industry in New York and surrounding states.  Some of these competitors have greater resources than we do and may offer services that we do not provide.  For example, we do not offer trust or investment services.  Customers who seek “one stop shopping” may be drawn to our competitors who offer such services.

Our competition for loans comes principally from commercial banks, savings institutions, mortgage banking firms, credit unions, mortgage brokers, finance companies, insurance companies, and brokerage and investment banking firms.  The most direct competition for deposits has historically come from credit unions, commercial banks and savings banks.  Specifically, we compete with regional financial institutions such as Cattaraugus County Bank and Evans Bank; state-wide financial institutions such as M&T Bank, Community Bank, NA, and First Niagara Bank; and nation-wide financial institutions such as Key Bank and Bank of America.  We are significantly smaller than many of these state-wide and nation-wide financial institution competitors.  We face additional competition for deposits from short-term money market funds, corporate and government securities funds, and from brokerage firms, mutual funds and insurance companies. We remain very competitive in Chautauqua County, New York and as of June 30, 2011 we had 14.81% of total deposits and ranked 4th out of 11 banks in this market area, according to the FDIC annual deposit market share report.  Our deposit market share in Erie County, New York has continued to increase since we entered this market area in 2003.  The FDIC annual deposit market share report indicated that total deposit growth increased 18.9% in Erie County from June 30, 2010 to June 30, 2011. To remain competitive, we provide superior customer service and are active participants in our local community.
 
The following are examples of our commitment to customer service:

 
We have expanded our branch network and ATM network to grow our customer base and provide greater convenience to our existing customers.
     
 
We offer a Direct Access Secure Hotline (“DASH”) with 24 hour, 7 days a week access to all customer accounts via telephone.
     
 
We provide online bill pay and e-statements to our customers. We also have a secure account management on-line banking website which allows customers instant access to their account activity via the internet.  We continue to upgrade our on-line banking services as technology evolves.

 
3

 
 
 
We offer retail customers with a Smart Account (“NOW account”), Free & Easy Checking account or Money Market checking account, an ATM/Debit card which may be used at ATM machines within our ATM network for deposits and withdrawals and as a debit card anywhere MasterCard is accepted.
     
 
We offer Health Savings Accounts (“HSA”), which are federally approved tax-exempt accounts that financial institution customers can set up to subsidize their increased cost of health care. If customers have a High Deductible Health Plan, they may be eligible to open an HSA.
     
 
We entered into alliances with M&T Bank and Evans Bank to provide customers surcharge free access to their accounts with us through the ATMs of these institutions as well as our own.
     
 
We offer a variety of mortgage loan products, including: 5/1 and 7/1 adjustable rate mortgages, an 80/15/5 loan, which is a combined mortgage and home equity product, a construction end loan, a “no closing cost” mortgage and home equity product, and a Rural Development Guaranteed Loan Program (“GLP”) mortgage loan, which provides 100% financing.
     
 
In our last three Community Reinvestment Act evaluations by our regulators, most recently concluding on September 2010, we have received a rating of “Satisfactory” or better.
     
 
We offer a home equity line of credit product which provides an option to convert either a portion, or the entire line of credit balance, to a term loan at a fixed rate of interest.  As the customer pays down the balance on the term loan, the funds available on the line of credit increase by a like amount.
     
 
We provide Remote Deposit services to our commercial customers, which allows the customer to deposit checks electronically from their place of business and to obtain access to detailed reports of their deposit activity.  Customers gain efficiencies from time saved having to go to a branch office to make a deposit.
     
 
We issue Business Debit Cards to allow our business customers the convenience of accessing their funds through the use of a debit card instead of writing checks. The Business Debit Card carries the MasterCard logo and enables the business to use their card anywhere MasterCard is accepted.
 
Lending Activities

General.  We have a long-standing commitment to the origination of residential mortgage loans, including home equity loans, and we also originate commercial real estate, commercial and consumer loans.  At December 31, 2011, we had total loans of $273.7 million. We currently retain substantially all of the loans that we originate; however, we have sold and may in the future sell residential mortgage loans into the secondary market, with retention of servicing rights.  Beginning in June 2010, we began to purchase a limited amount of equipment loans from a third party broker, which are secured by first liens on new equipment purchases by small businesses located in the United States.

The interest rates we offer for loans are affected principally by the demand for loans, the supply of money available for lending purposes and the interest rates offered by our competitors.  These factors, in turn, are affected by general and local economic conditions and monetary policies of the federal government, including the Federal Reserve Board.

 
4

 

Loan Portfolio.  The following table sets forth the composition of our loan portfolio, by type of loan, in dollar amounts and in percentages at the dates indicated. We did not have any loans held for sale as of these dates.

    
At December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
   
2008
   
2007
 
   
Amount
   
Percent of Total
   
Amount
   
Percent of Total
   
Amount
   
Percent of Total
   
Amount
   
Percent of Total
   
Amount
   
Percent of Total
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Real Estate:
                                                           
Residential, one-to four- family
  $ 182,922       66.82 %   $ 183,929       70.32 %   $ 185,753       71.89 %   $ 175,808       73.35 %   $ 157,834       72.36 %
Home equity
    30,671       11.20       30,613       11.71       30,158       11.67       28,143       11.74       26,569       12.18  
Commercial
    44,776       16.36       33,782       12.92       28,328       10.96       19,513       8.14       20,394       9.35  
Construction
    519       0.19       616       0.24       365       0.14       6,479       2.70       2,775       1.27  
      258,888       94.57       248,940       95.19       244,604       94.66       229,943       95.93       207,572       95.16  
Other loans:
                                                                               
Commercial
    12,911       4.72       10,360       3.96       11,430       4.42       7,403       3.09       8,246       3.78  
Consumer
    1,948       0.71       2,224       0.85       2,377       0.92       2,350       0.98       2,306       1.06  
      14,859       5.43       12,584       4.81       13,807       5.34       9,753       4.07       10,552       4.84  
                                                                                 
Total loans
    273,747       100.00 %     261,524       100.00 %     258,411       100.00 %     239,696       100.00 %     218,124       100.00 %
                                                                                 
Net deferred loan costs
    2,687               2,460               2,327               2,243               1,813          
                                                                                 
Allowance for loan losses
    (1,366 )             (953 )             (1,564 )             (1,476 )             (1,226 )        
                                                                                 
Loans receivable, net
  $ 275,068             $ 263,031             $ 259,174             $ 240,463             $ 218,711          

 
5

 
Loan Maturity.  The following table presents the contractual maturity of our loans at December 31, 2011.  The table does not include the effect of prepayments or scheduled principal amortization.  Loans having no stated repayment schedule or maturity and overdraft loans are reported as being due in one year or less.

    
Real Estate
   
Other Loans
       
   
One-to Four- Family
   
Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit
   
Commercial Loans
   
Construction Loans
   
Commercial
   
Consumer
   
Total
 
    (Dollars in thousands)  
Amounts due in:
                                   
One year or less
  $ 52     $ 660     $ 23     $ -     $ 3,018     $ 863     $ 4,616  
After one year through five years
    2,626       2,932       595       -       4,221       636       11,010  
Beyond five years
    180,244       27,079       44,158       519       5,672       449       258,121  
Total
  $ 182,922     $ 30,671     $ 44,776     $ 519     $ 12,911     $ 1,948     $ 273,747  
                                                         
Interest rate terms on amounts due after one year:
                                                       
Fixed rate
  $ 176,829     $ 4,589     $ 18,246     $ 519     $ 9,698     $ 931     $ 210,812  
Adjustable rate
    6,041       25,422       26,507       -       195       154       58,319  
Total
  $ 182,870     $ 30,011     $ 44,753     $ 519     $ 9,893     $ 1,085     $ 269,131  

 
6

 
 
The following table presents our loan originations, purchases, sales, and principal payments for the years indicated.

   
For the Year Ended
December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
   
2008
   
2007
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Total loans:
                             
Balance outstanding at beginning of year
  $ 261,524     $ 258,411     $ 239,696     $ 218,124     $ 205,459  
                                         
Originations:
                                       
Real estate loans
    49,030       46,321       64,725       61,229       44,046  
Commercial and consumer loans
    7,553       7,580       6,670       4,854       5,371  
Total originations
    56,583       53,901       71,395       66,083       49,417  
                                         
Loan Purchases – Commercial loans
    1,679       1,135       -       -       -  
                                         
Total Originations and Purchases
    58,262       55,036       71,395       66,083       49,417  
                                         
Deduct:
                                       
Principal repayments:
                                       
Real estate loans
    38,694       38,055       40,439       34,587       29,641  
Commercial and consumer loans
    6,392       10,568       4,967       8,041       6,076  
Total principal payments
    45,086       48,623       45,406       42,628       35,717  
                                         
Transfers to foreclosed real estate
    252       307       708       422       81  
                                         
Loan sales – Sonyma(1) and FHLMC(2)  
    639       243       6,300       1,311       482  
Loan sales – guaranteed student loans(3)
    -       -       -       2       333  
                                         
Loans charged off
    62       2,750       266       148       139  
                                         
Total deductions
    46,039       51,923       52,680       44,511       36,752  
Balance outstanding at end of year
  $ 273,747     $ 261,524     $ 258,411     $ 239,696     $ 218,124  
 

(1)  State of New York Mortgage Agency.
(2) During 2009, we sold $6.2 million of residential mortgage loans with low yields to the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“FHLMC”) in order to offset long term interest rate risk.
(3) During 2008, we were notified that Sallie Mae would no longer purchase student loans. As a result, we now retain student loans in our loan portfolio after a student graduates.

One- to Four-Family Residential Mortgage Lending.  We emphasize the origination of residential mortgage loans secured by one-to four-family properties.  At December 31, 2011, we had one-to four-family residential loans of $182.9 million, or 66.8% of the total loan portfolio.  Of one-to four-family residential mortgage loans outstanding at that date, 3.3% were adjustable-rate mortgage loans and 96.7% were fixed rate loans. At December 31, 2011, approximately 64.7% of our one-to four-family residential mortgage portfolio was secured by property located in Chautauqua County, 31.1% by property located in Erie County and 4.2% by property located elsewhere primarily in New York State.  Approximately 7.2% of all residential loan originations during fiscal year 2011 were re-financings of loans already in our portfolio.
 
 
7

 
 
Our residential mortgage loan originations are obtained from customers, residents of our local communities or referrals from local real estate agents, attorneys and builders.  Management believes that the Erie County branch offices will be a significant source of new residential mortgage loan generation.  Management believes that expanding our residential mortgage lending will continue to enhance our reputation as a service-oriented institution, particularly in Erie County, where we are actively developing and expanding our market presence.

One-to four-family residential mortgage loan originations are generally for terms of 15, 20 or 30 years, amortized on a monthly basis with interest and principal due either bi-weekly or monthly.  One-to four-family residential real estate loans may remain outstanding for significantly shorter periods than their contractual terms as borrowers may refinance or prepay most loans at their option without penalty.  Conventional one-to four-family residential mortgage loans originated by us customarily contain “due-on-sale” clauses that permit us to accelerate the indebtedness of the loan upon transfer of ownership of the mortgaged property.  We do not offer “interest only” mortgage loans, sub-prime or “negative amortization” mortgage loans.

Our residential lending policies and procedures ensure that our one-to four-family residential mortgage loans generally conform to secondary market guidelines.  We underwrite all conforming rate loans using the same criteria required by the FHLMC.  We originate one-to four-family residential mortgage loans with a loan to value ratio up to 97%, and up to 103.5% with our Rural Development GLP mortgage loan product.  Mortgages originated with a loan-to-value ratio exceeding 80% normally require private mortgage insurance.  Private mortgage insurance is not required on loans with an 80% or less loan to value ratio.  We do not originate any sub-prime mortgage loans and we do not have any sub-prime mortgage loans in our residential mortgage loan portfolio.

We offer adjustable rate mortgage loans with a maximum term of 30 years.  Our adjustable rate mortgage loans include loans that provide for an interest rate based on the interest paid on U.S. Treasury securities of varying maturities plus varying margins.  We currently offer adjustable rate one-to four-family residential mortgage loans with initial rates based upon a determination of market factors and competitive rates for adjustable-rate loans in our market area.  For adjustable rate one-to four-family residential mortgage loans, borrowers are qualified at the initial fully indexed rate or the original rate, whichever is higher.

Our adjustable rate one-to four-family residential mortgage loans include limits on increases or decreases in the interest rate of the loan.  The interest rate may increase or decrease by a maximum of 2% or 5% per adjustment period with a ceiling rate of 6% over the initial rate, depending on the product, over the life of the loan and a floor rate of 4.25% or 4.50% depending on product type.  The retention of adjustable rate one-to four-family residential mortgage loans in our loan portfolio helps reduce exposure to changes in interest rates.  However, there are unquantifiable credit risks resulting from potential increased costs to the borrower as a result of the pricing of adjustable rate mortgage loans.  During periods of rising interest rates, the risk of default on one-to four-family adjustable rate mortgage loans may increase due to the increase of interest cost to the borrower.

We regularly provide a loan product to our customers that is underwritten using the criteria required by FHLMC.  After a loan is originated and funded, we may sell the loan to FHLMC.  During 2011 we did not sell any loans to FHLMC. We sold loans to the State of New York Mortgage Agency (“SONYMA”) during 2011 and in prior years and may do so again, from time to time.  We retain all servicing rights for one-to four-family residential mortgage loans that we sell.
 
 
8

 
 
Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit.  We currently provide all-in-one home equity lines of credit and have provided home equity loans in the past to our customers.  At December 31, 2011, home equity loans and line of credit totaled $30.7 million, or 11.2% of the total loan portfolio,  of which 84.8% were adjustable rate loans and 15.2% were fixed rate loans. The all-in-one home equity line of credit must have a minimum balance of $5,000 up to a maximum of 85% of the total loan to value ratio.  Home equity lines of credit products, which have interest rates tied to the prime rate, generally have a 15 year draw period and a 15 year payback period.  A customer has the option to convert either a portion, or the entire line of credit balance, to a term loan at a fixed rate of interest.  As the customer pays down the balance on the term loan, the funds available on the line of credit increase by a like amount.  All-in-one home equity lines of credit range from terms of five to 15 years.

Commercial Real Estate Loans.  We originate commercial real estate loans to finance the purchase of real property, which generally consists of developed real estate, which is typically held as collateral for the loan.  At December 31, 2011, commercial real estate loans totaled $44.8 million, or 16.4%, of the total loan portfolio. In underwriting commercial real estate loans, consideration is given to the property’s historic cash flow, current and projected occupancy, location, and physical condition.  Of the commercial real estate portfolio at December 31, 2011, approximately 40.4% consisted of loans that are collateralized by properties in Chautauqua County, 45.0% by properties in Erie County, and 14.6% by properties located elsewhere in New York State.  The average commercial real estate loan is for a principal amount of approximately $263,000 and the largest commercial real estate loan in our portfolio as of December 31, 2011 was $3.9 million and secured by a commercial building used as a hotel by a national hotel franchise. This loan was performing on that date. We lend up to a maximum loan-to-value ratio of 75% on commercial properties and require a minimum debt coverage ratio of 1.2 to 1.

Commercial real estate lending involves additional risks compared with one-to four-family residential lending, because payments on loans secured by commercial real estate properties are often dependent on the successful operation or management of the properties, and/or the collateral value of the commercial real estate securing the loan, and repayment of such loans may be subject to adverse conditions in the real estate market or economic conditions to a greater extent than one- to four-family residential mortgage loans.  Also, commercial real estate loans typically involve large loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers.  Our loan policies limit the amount of loans to a single borrower or group of borrowers to reduce this risk and are designed to set such limits within those prescribed by applicable federal and state statutes and regulations.

Construction Loans.  We originate loans to finance the construction of both one-to four-family homes and commercial real estate.  These loans typically have a one-year construction period, whereby draws are taken and interest only payments are made.  As part of the draw process, inspection and lien checks are required prior to the disbursement of the proceeds.  At the end of the construction period, the loan automatically converts to either a conventional or commercial mortgage, as applicable.  At December 31, 2011 construction loans totaled $519,000, or less than 1%, of our total loan portfolio.

Commercial Loans.  In addition to commercial real estate loans, we also engage in small business commercial lending, including business installment loans, lines of credit, and other commercial loans.  At December 31, 2011, commercial loans totaled $12.9 million, or 4.7%, of the total loan portfolio. This amount includes $2.3 million of equipment loans that we have purchased from a third party broker. The average commercial loan is for a principal amount of approximately $70,000 and the largest outstanding commercial loan in our portfolio as of December 31, 2011 was $2.8 million and secured by general business assets. This loan was performing on that date.  Most of our commercial loans have variable interest rates tied to the prime rate, and are for terms generally not in excess of 10 years.  Whenever possible, we collateralize these loans with a lien on business assets and equipment and require the personal guarantees from principals of the borrower.  Interest rates on commercial loans generally have higher yields than rates on one- to four-family residential mortgages.  We offer commercial loan services designed to give business owners borrowing opportunities for modernization, inventory, equipment, construction, consolidation, real estate, working capital, vehicle purchases, and the refinancing of existing corporate debt.
 
 
9

 
 
Commercial loans are generally considered to involve a higher degree of risk than residential mortgage loans because the collateral underlying the loans may be in the form of furniture, fixtures, and equipment and/or inventory subject to market obsolescence.  Commercial loans may also involve relatively large loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers, with the repayment of such loans typically dependent on the successful operation and income stream of the borrower.  Such risks can be significantly affected by economic conditions.  In addition, commercial business lending generally requires substantially greater oversight efforts compared to residential real estate lending.  We conduct in-house reviews of the commercial loan portfolio to ensure adherence to our underwriting standards and policy requirements.

Consumer Loans. We offer a variety of consumer loans.  At December 31, 2011 consumer loans totaled $1.9 million, or less than 1%, of the total loan portfolio.  The largest component of our consumer loan portfolio are personal consumer loans and overdraft lines of credit, which are available for amounts up to $5,000 for unsecured loans and greater amounts for secured loans depending on the type of loan and value of the collateral.  Consumer loans, excluding overdraft lines of protection, generally are offered for terms of up to 10 years, depending on the collateral, at fixed interest rates.  Our consumer loan portfolio also consists of vehicle loans, motorcycle loans, student loans guaranteed by New York State Higher Education Services Corporation (“HESC”), other unsecured consumer loans up to $5,000, secured and unsecured property improvement loans, and other secured loans.

Generally, the volume of consumer lending has declined as borrowers have opted for home equity lines, where a mortgage-interest federal tax deduction is available, as compared to unsecured loans or loans secured by property other than residential real estate.  We continue to make automobile loans directly to borrowers and primarily on used vehicles.  We also maintain a portfolio of student loans, guaranteed by New York State HESC. During 2008, we discontinued the origination of student loans, as we were notified by Sallie Mae that they would no longer purchase these loans. We hold the student loans remaining in our portfolio and service the loans once the student graduates and begins repayment. We make other consumer loans, which may or may not be secured.  The terms of such loans vary depending on the collateral.

Consumer loans are generally originated at higher interest rates than residential mortgage loans but also tend to have a higher credit risk due to the loans being either unsecured or secured by rapidly depreciable assets.  Furthermore, consumer loan payments are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and therefore are more likely to be adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy. Despite these risks, our level of consumer loan delinquencies generally has been low.  No assurance can be given, however, that our delinquency rate or losses will continue to remain low in the future.

Loan Approval Procedures and Authority.  Our lending policies are approved by our Board of Directors.  Home equity loans in excess of $25,000 and all one-to four-family residential mortgage loans up to $417,000 require approval by the Internal Residential Loan Committee, including one of the following officers: Chief Executive Officer or Chief Retail Lending Officer.  Loans between $417,000 and $1.0 million require the approval of two of the following officers along with another member of the Internal Residential Loan Committee:  Chief Executive Officer, Chief Retail Lending Officer, or Vice President – Commercial and Small Business Lending – Chautauqua County.  Loans in excess of $1.0 million require full Board of Director approval.
 
 
10

 
 
For all commercial loans, including commercial real estate loans, certain Vice Presidents and Commercial Lending Officers have authority to approve loans for principal amounts up to $100,000.  Commercial loans in excess of $100,000 and up to $500,000 require approval by a member of the Internal Commercial Loan Committee and any one of the following:  Chief Executive Officer, Chief Commercial Lending Officer or Chairman of the Board (only in absence of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Commercial Lending Officer).  Commercial loans in excess of $500,000 and up to $1.0 million must be approved by three members of the Internal Commercial Loan Committee, two of which must be the Chief Executive Officer, the Chief Commercial Lending Officer, or Chairman of the Board (only in the absence of the Chief Executive Officer or the Chief Commercial Lending Officer).  Loans in excess of $1.0 million require full Board of Director approval.

Additionally, branch managers are granted authority to approve certain loans, mainly consumer loans, in smaller amounts deemed appropriate by our Board of Directors.  Levels of lending authority for consumer loans are established and granted to specific branch managers and loan officers based on position and experience.

Current Lending Procedures.  Upon receipt of a completed loan application from a prospective borrower, we order a credit report and verify certain other information.  If necessary, we obtain additional financial or credit related information.  We require an appraisal for all mortgage loans, including loans made to refinance existing mortgage loans.  Appraisals are performed by licensed third-party appraisal firms that have been approved by our Board of Directors.  An appraisal management firm has been hired to handle all requests for appraisals on conforming mortgage loans that are eligible for sale on the secondary market.  We require title insurance on all secondary market mortgage loans and certain other loans.  We also require borrowers to obtain hazard insurance, and if applicable, we may require borrowers to obtain flood insurance prior to closing.  Based on loan to value ratios and lending guidelines, escrow accounts may be required for such items as real estate taxes, hazard insurance, flood insurance, and private mortgage insurance premiums.

Asset Quality

One of our key operating objectives has been, and continues to be, maintaining a high level of asset quality.  Our high proportion of one-to four-family residential mortgage loans, the maintenance of sound credit standards for new loan originations and loan administration procedures have resulted in low delinquency ratios, especially in light of current economic conditions.  These factors have contributed to our strong financial condition.

Collection Procedures.  We have adopted a loan collection policy to maintain adequate control on the status of delinquent loans and to ensure compliance with the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act.  When a borrower fails to make required payments on a residential, commercial, or consumer loan, we take a number of steps to induce the borrower to cure the delinquency and restore the loan to a current status.  Our collections department documents every time a borrower is contacted either by phone or in writing and maintains records of all collection efforts.  Once an account becomes delinquent for 15 days, a late notice is mailed to the borrower and any guarantors on a loan.  A second notice is mailed following the 30th day of delinquency.  At this time, we also directly contact the borrower.  Such contact may be repeated if a loan is delinquent between 60-89 days.
 
 
11

 
 
Once a one-to four-family residential loan has been delinquent for more than 90 days, the loan is deemed a “classified asset” and is reported to our Board of Directors. In 2010, amendments to the New York State (“NYS”) Real Property Actions and Proceedings Law (“RPAPL”) became effective whereby specific pre-foreclosure procedures for any one-to four-family residence located in NYS must be followed. When the Company wants to pursue foreclosure action against a borrower, the amended law requires us to mail a 90 day pre-foreclosure notice of the impending foreclosure action to the borrower prior to commencement of the action. Within 3 days of sending this notice, the collection department sends the notice information to the NYS Superintendent of Banks through the NYS Banking Department’s online system. The Company must also send a 30-day demand letter to the borrower sixty days after the initial pre-foreclosure notice was sent.  The demand letter includes updated loan balances regarding the potential foreclosure action. In order to receive approval for foreclosure action from the courts, the new law requires a mandatory conference hearing between the court, borrower and bank.  Prior to proceeding with any foreclosure action in the case of a secured loan, we will review the collateral to determine whether its possession would be cost-effective for us.  In cases where the collateral fails to fully secure the loan, in addition to repossessing the collateral, we may also sue on the note underlying the loan.

If a commercial loan has been delinquent for more than 30 days, the loan file is reviewed for classification, and the borrower is contacted.  If a commercial loan is 90 days or more past due, the loan is considered non-performing.  If the delinquency continues, the borrower is advised of the date that the delinquency must be cured, or the loan is considered to be in default.  At that time, foreclosure procedures are initiated on loans secured by real estate, and all other legal remedies are pursued.

The collection procedures for consumer loans include the sending of periodic late notices and letters to a borrower once a loan is past due.  On a monthly basis, a review is made of all consumer loans which are 30 days or more past due.  Consumer loans that are 180 days delinquent, where the borrowers have failed to demonstrate repayment ability, are classified as loss and charged-off.  Once a charge-off decision has been made, the collections manager or management pursues legal action such as small claims court, judgments, salary garnishment and repossessions in an attempt to collect the deficiency from the borrower.

Loans Past Due and Non-performing Assets.  We define non-performing loans as loans that are either non-accruing or accruing whose payments are 90 days or more past due.  Non-performing assets, including non-performing loans and foreclosed real estate, totaled $3.1 million at December 31, 2011 and $2.6 million at December 31, 2010.
 
 
12

 
 
The following table presents information regarding our non-accrual loans, accruing loans delinquent 90 days or more, and foreclosed real estate as of the dates indicated.

   
At
December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
   
2008
   
2007
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Loans past due 90 days or more but still accruing:
                             
Real Estate Loans:
                             
Residential, one-to four-family
  $ 328     $ 391     $ 456     $ 562     $ 209  
Home equity
    21       39       142       25       65  
Commercial
          43       65       46       208  
Construction
                             
Other loans:
                                       
Commercial loans
    87                         85  
Consumer loans
    23       59       1       15        
Total
  $ 459     $ 532     $ 664     $ 648     $ 567  
Loans accounted for on a non-accrual basis:
                                       
Real Estate Loans:
                                       
Residential, one-to four-family
  $ 1,821     $ 1,279     $ 753     $ 790     $ 918  
Home equity(1)
    209       122       32       49       42  
Commercial
    228       370       192       152       107  
Construction
                             
Other loans:
                                       
Commercial loans
    76       27       19              
Consumer loans
    5       11       17       12       10  
Total non-accrual loans
    2,339       1,809       1,013       1,003       1,077  
Total nonperforming loans
    2,798       2,341       1,677       1,651       1,644  
Foreclosed real estate
    315       304       322       48       61  
Restructured loans
                             
Total nonperforming assets
  $ 3,113     $ 2,645     $ 1,999     $ 1,699     $ 1,705  
Ratios:
                                       
Nonperforming loans as a percent of net loans:
    1.02 %     0.89 %     0.65 %     0.69 %     0.75 %
Nonperforming assets as a percent of total assets:
    0.64 %     0.55 %     0.47 %     0.42 %     0.48 %

(1)
As of December 31, 2011, one home equity loan for $31,000 was restructured and classified as a troubled debt restructuring, due to the borrower’s financial difficulties.
 
Loans are placed on non-accrual status either when reasonable doubt exists as to the full timely collection of interest and principal, or when a loan becomes 90 days past due, unless an evaluation by the internal Asset Classification Committee, indicates that the loan is well-secured or in the process of collection.  Our Asset Classification Committee designates loans on which we stop accruing interest income as non-accrual loans and we reverse outstanding interest income that was previously credited.  We may again recognize income in the period that we collect such income, when the ultimate collectability of principal is no longer in doubt.  We return a non-accrual loan to accrual status when factors indicating doubtful collection no longer exist.

Our recorded investment in non-accrual loans totaled $2.3 million at December 31, 2011 and $1.8 million at December 31, 2010.  If all non-accrual loans had been current in accordance with their terms during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, interest income on such loans would have amounted to $129,000, $98,000 and $44,000 respectively.

Real estate acquired as a result of foreclosure is classified as foreclosed real estate until such time as it is sold.  We carry foreclosed real estate at its fair value less estimated selling costs at the date of acquisition.  If a foreclosure action is commenced and the loan is not brought current, paid in full, or refinanced before the foreclosure sale, the property could be sold at the foreclosure sale (to an outside bidder). If not, and we retain the property, then we will sell the real property securing the loan as soon thereafter as practical.

 
13

 
 
Troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) occur when we grant borrowers’ concessions that we would not otherwise grant but for economic or legal reasons pertaining to the borrower’s financial difficulties.  A concession is made when the terms of the loan modification are more favorable than the terms the borrower would have received in the current market under similar financial difficulties.  These concessions may include, but are not limited to, modifications of the terms of the debt, the transfer of assets or the issuance of an equity interest by the borrower to satisfy all or part of the debt, or the substitution or addition of borrower(s).  The Company identifies loans for potential TDRs primarily through direct communication with the borrower and evaluation of the borrower’s financial statements, revenue projections, tax returns and credit reports. Even if the borrower is not presently in default, management will consider the likelihood that cash flow shortages, adverse economic conditions, and negative trends may result in a payment default in the near future. Generally, we will not return a TDR to accrual status until the borrower has demonstrated the ability to make principal and interest payments under the restructured terms for at least six consecutive months.

At December 31, 2011, one home equity loan for $31,000 was modified and classified as a TDR, due to the borrower’s financial difficulties.   This loan was placed on nonaccrual status and is included with non-accrual loans in the above table.  The loan was classified as a substandard loan with no specific reserve established and was 60 days past due under the modified terms at December 31, 2011.

We did not have any TDRs as of December 31, 2010.

At December 31, 2009, we had three loans which were classified as TDRs and were not included in the above table due to their “current” payment status at that time. The loans were commercial loans held by one borrower for start-up costs related to a franchise restaurant business, totaling $2.7 million. The loans were classified as impaired due to prior delinquency status and concerns about repayment ability. In 2009, the Company worked with the borrower and the terms on the loan were modified.  Subsequently the loan payments were current with the terms of the modified loan throughout 2009 and as such, these loans were not considered to be “non-performing” in 2009. These loans became delinquent in 2010 due to the borrower’s bankruptcy and the loans were charged off in the 3rd quarter of 2010.

Classification of Loans.  Federal regulations require us to regularly review and classify our loans.  In addition, our regulators have the authority to identify problem loans and, if appropriate, require them to be classified.  There are three classifications for problem loans: substandard, doubtful and loss.  “Substandard loans” must have one or more defined weaknesses and are characterized by the distinct possibility that we will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.  “Doubtful loans” have all the weaknesses inherent in substandard loans with the additional characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values questionable, and there is a high possibility of loss.  A loan classified as a “loss” is considered uncollectible and continuance as a loan of the institution is not warranted.  Regulations also provide for a “special mention” category, described as loans which do not currently expose us to a sufficient degree of risk to warrant classification but do possess credit deficiencies or potential weaknesses deserving our close attention.
 
 
14

 
 
The allowance for loan losses represents amounts that have been established to recognize losses inherent in the loan portfolio that are both probable and reasonably estimable at the date of the consolidated financial statements.  When we classify loans as either substandard or doubtful, we set aside a loss reserve for such loans as we deem prudent. When we classify problem loans as loss, we typically charge-off the outstanding loan balance against the allowance for loan loss reserve.  Our determination as to the classification of our loans and the amount of our loss allowances are subject to review by our regulatory agencies, which can require that we establish additional loss allowances.  We regularly review our loan portfolio to determine whether any loans require classification in accordance with applicable regulations.  On the basis of our review of our loans at December 31, 2011, classified and criticized loans consisted of special mention loans of $4.5 million, substandard loans of $2.7 million, doubtful loans of $598,000 and loss loans of $60,000. The classified loans total included $2.8 million of nonperforming loans.

The following table shows the aggregate amounts of our classified and criticized loans at the dates indicated.

   
At December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Special mention loans(1)
  $ 4,546     $ 1,535     $ 1,214  
Substandard loans
    2,722       2,748       3,006  
Doubtful loans
    598       535       2,209  
Loss loans
    60       29       -  
                         
Total classified and criticized loans
  $ 7,926     $ 4,847     $ 6,429  

(1)
During 2011, the growth in special mention loans was primarily due to an increase in commercial real estate loans which do not warrant classification due to risk associated with the loans, but do possess credit deficiencies or potential weaknesses which deserve our close attention.

Delinquencies.  The following table provides information about delinquencies in our loan portfolio at the dates indicated.
 
   
At December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
   
60-89 Days
Past Due
   
90 + Days
Past Due
   
60-89 Days
Past Due
   
90 + Days
Past Due
   
60-89 Days
Past Due
   
90 + Days
Past Due
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
       
Residential real estate(1)
  $ 659     $ 2,146     $ 829     $ 1,625     $ 947     $ 1,215  
Commercial real estate
    39       228       -       413       93       257  
Commercial business
    3       159       -       27       -       19  
Consumer loans
    4       28       13       70       39       18  
                                                 
Total
  $ 705     $ 2,561     $ 842     $ 2,135     $ 1,079     $ 1,509  
 

(1)
Includes home equity loans and lines of credit and construction loans.

Allowance for Loan Losses.  The allowance for loan losses is a valuation account that reflects our evaluation of the losses inherent in our loan portfolio.  We maintain the allowance through provisions for loan losses that we charge to income.  We charge losses on loans against the allowance for loan losses when we believe the collection of the loan is unlikely.

 
15

 
 
Our evaluation of risk in maintaining the allowance for loan losses includes the review of all loans on which the collectability of principal may not be reasonably assured.  We consider the following factors as part of this evaluation: historical loan loss experience; payment status; the estimated value of the underlying collateral; changes in lending policies, procedures and loan review system; changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; trends in loan volume and the nature of the loan portfolio; and national and local economic conditions.  There may be other factors that may warrant consideration in maintaining an allowance at a level sufficient to provide for probable loan losses.  Although our management believes that it has established and maintained the allowance for loan losses to reflect losses inherent in our loan portfolio, based on its evaluation of the factors noted above, future additions may be necessary if economic and other conditions differ substantially from the current operating environment.

In addition, various regulatory agencies periodically review our allowance for loan losses as an integral part of their examination process.  These agencies, including the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, may require us to increase the allowance for loan losses or the valuation allowance for foreclosed real estate based on their evaluation of the information available to them at the time of their examination.

The allowance consists of allocated, general and unallocated components.  The allocated component relates to loans that are classified as doubtful, substandard, loss or special mention.  See “Asset Quality – Classification of Loans.”  For such loans that are also classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows, collateral value or observable market price of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value of the loan.  The general component covers non-classified loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative and environmental factors.  The qualitative and environmental factors include historical loan loss experience; payment status; the estimated value of the underlying collateral; changes in lending policies, procedures and loan review system; changes in the experience, ability, and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; trends in loan volume and the nature of the loan portfolio; and national and local economic conditions.  An unallocated component may be maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probable losses, such as downturns in the local economy.  The unallocated component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating allocated and general losses in the portfolio.

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that we will not be able to collect the scheduled payments of principal and interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement.  Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due.  Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for commercial real estate loans and commercial loans by either the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate or the fair value of the collateral if the loan is collateral dependent.  Large groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment.  Accordingly, we do not separately identify individual consumer, home equity or one-to four-family real estate loans for impairment disclosures, unless they are subject to a troubled debt restructuring. At December 31, 2011, there was one commercial real estate loan classified as an impaired loan. Refer to Note 5 in the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on our impaired loans.
 
 
16

 
 
Provision for loan losses decreased by $1.7 million to $415,000 for the year ended December 31, 2011 from $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2010.  The decrease in provision for loan losses was primarily due to the charge off of $2.7 million on three commercial loans to one borrower during 2010. Our credit quality continues to remain strong. The ratio of nonperforming loans to total net loans was 1.02% as of December 31, 2011. The majority of our loans are one-to four-family residential mortgage loans or commercial real estate loans backed by first lien collateral on real estate held in the Western New York region. Western New York has not been impacted as severely as other parts of the country by fluctuating real estate market values. We do not hold any sub-prime loans in our loan portfolio. In light of current economic conditions, we will continue to closely monitor our loan portfolio.

The following table sets forth activity in our allowance for loan losses and other ratios at or for the years indicated.

   
At or for the Year Ended
December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
   
2008
   
2007
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Balance at beginning of year:
  $ 953     $ 1,564     $ 1,476     $ 1,226     $ 1,257  
Provision for loan losses
    415       2,115       265       391       105  
Charge-offs:
                                       
Real estate loans:
                                       
Residential, one-to four-family
    -       35       146       102       25  
Home equity
    29       6       54       -       80  
Commercial
    15       2,440       24       -       -  
Construction
    -       -       -       -       -  
Other loans:
                                       
Commercial
    1       247       9       16       19  
Consumer
    17       22       33       30       15  
Total charge-offs:
    62       2,750       266       148       139  
Recoveries:
                                       
Real estate loans:
                                       
Residential, one-to four-family
    4       19       74       -       -  
Home equity
    -       -       7       -       -  
Commercial
    52       -       -       -       -  
Construction
    -       -       -       -       -  
Other loans:
                                       
Commercial
    -       -       -       3       -  
Consumer
    4       5       8       4       3  
Total Recoveries
    60       24       89       7       3  
                                         
Net charge-offs
    2       2,726       177       141       136  
                                         
Balance at end of year
  $ 1,366     $ 953     $ 1,564     $ 1,476     $ 1,226  
                                         
Average loans outstanding
  $ 270,697     $ 258,150     $ 250,846     $ 228,392     $ 210,610  
                                         
Allowance for loan losses as a percent of total net loans
    0.50 %     0.36 %     0.60 %     0.61 %     0.56 %
Allowance for loan losses as a percent of non-performing loans
    48.82 %     40.71 %     93.26 %     89.40 %     74.57 %
Ratio of net charge-offs to average loans outstanding
    0.01 %     1.06 %     0.07 %     0.06 %     0.06 %
 
 
17

 
 
The following table presents our allocation of the allowance for loan losses by loan category and the percentage of loans in each category to total loans at the years indicated.  The allowance for loan losses allocated to each category is not necessarily indicative of inherent losses in any particular category and does not restrict the use of the allowance to absorb losses in other categories.

    
At December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
   
2008
   
2007
 
   
Amount
   
% of Allowance to Total Allowance
   
% of Loans in Category to Total Loans
   
Amount
   
% of Allowance to Total Allowance
   
% of Loans in Category to Total Loans
   
Amount
   
% of Allowance to Total Allowance
   
% of Loans in Category to Total Loans
   
Amount
   
% of Allowance to Total Allowance
   
% of Loans in Category to Total Loans
   
Amount
   
% of Allowance to Total Allowance
   
% of Loans in Category to Total Loans
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Real Estate Loans:
                                                                                         
Residential, one-to four- family
  $ 441       32.3 %     66.8 %   $ 407       42.7 %     70.4 %   $ 265       16.9 %     71.9 %   $ 449       30.4 %     73.5 %   $ 631       51.5 %     72.4 %
Home equity
    125       9.2 %     11.2 %     141       14.8 %     11.7 %     107       6.8 %     11.7 %     145       9.8 %     11.8 %     71       5.8 %     12.2 %
Commercial (1)(2)
    522       38.2 %     16.4 %     278       29.2 %     12.9 %     932       59.7 %     11.0 %     699       47.4 %     8.2 %     339       27.6 %     9.3 %
Construction
                0.2 %     1       0.1 %     0.2 %                 0.1 %     26       1.8 %     2.7 %                 1.3 %
      1,088       79.7 %     94.6 %     827       86.8 %     95.2 %     1,304       83.4 %     94.7 %     1,319       89.4 %     96.2 %     1,041       84.9 %     95.2 %
Other loans:
                                                                                                                       
Commercial(1)
    265       19.4 %     4.7 %     104       10.9 %     4.0 %     215       13.7 %     4.4 %     109       7.4 %     3.1 %     130       10.6 %     3.8 %
Consumer
    13       0.9 %     0.7 %     21       2.2 %     0.8 %     37       2.4 %     0.9 %     45       3.0 %     0.7 %     34       2.8 %     1.0 %
      278       20.3 %     5.4 %     125       13.1 %     4.8 %     252       16.1 %     5.3 %     154       10.4 %     3.8 %     164       13.4 %     4.8 %
Total allocated
  $ 1,366       100.0 %     100.0 %   $ 952       99.9 %     100.0 %   $ 1,556       99.5 %     100.0 %   $ 1,473       99.8 %     100.00 %   $ 1,205       98.3 %     100.00 %
                                                                                                                         
Total unallocated
  $                   $ 1       0.1 %           $ 8       0.5 %           $ 3       0.2 %           $ 21       1.7 %        
                                                                                                                         
Balance at end of year
  $ 1,366       100.0 %           $ 953       100.0 %           $ 1,564       100.0 %           $ 1,476       100.0 %           $ 1,226       100.0 %        

(1)  Increase as of December 31, 2011 was primarily due to the review of certain environmental factors for commercial real estate loans and commercial loans. Management concluded that an increased reserve was needed for its commercial loan portfolio due to the increase in portfolio size and the standard risks presented by these types of loans.
 
(2)  Increases as of December 31, 2009 and 2008 were primarily due to a reserve calculated on three loans to one borrower that were classified as impaired. The reserve was calculated based on the present value of the discounted cash flows in accordance with ASC 310-10-35.  A reserve of $570,000 was set aside in 2008 for these loans, with an additional reserve of $127,000 recorded during 2009.
 
 
18

 
 
Investment Activities

General.  Our Board of Directors reviews and approves our investment policy on an annual basis.  This policy dictates that investment decisions be made based on the safety of the investment, liquidity requirements, potential returns, cash flow targets, and consistency with our interest rate risk management strategy.  The Board of Directors has delegated primary responsibility for ensuring that the guidelines in the investment policy are followed to the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer.  Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer are responsible for making securities portfolio decisions in accordance with established policies and have the authority to purchase and sell securities within the specific guidelines established by the investment policy.  In addition, all transactions are reviewed by the Asset/Liability Committee of the Board of Directors which meets at least quarterly.

Our investment policy is designed primarily to manage the interest rate sensitivity of our assets and liabilities, to generate a favorable return without incurring undue interest rate or credit risk, to complement our lending activities and to provide and maintain liquidity within established guidelines.  In establishing our investment strategies, we consider our interest rate sensitivity, the types of securities to be held, liquidity and other factors.  We have also engaged an independent financial advisor to recommend investment securities according to a plan which has been approved by the Asset/Liability Committee and the Board of Directors.  Federal savings banks have authority to invest in various types of assets, including U.S. Government obligations, securities of various federal agencies, obligations of states and municipalities, mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, collateralized-mortgage obligations, certain time deposits of insured banks and savings institutions, certain bankers’ acceptances, repurchase agreements, loans of federal funds, and, subject to certain limits, corporate debt and commercial paper.

As of December 31, 2011, our securities portfolio was classified as “available for sale” and reported at fair value.  Our securities portfolio consists of collateralized mortgage obligations, mortgage backed securities, asset-backed securities, U.S. Government obligations and municipal bonds.  Nearly all of our mortgage backed securities are directly or indirectly insured or guaranteed by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, the Government National Mortgage Association or the Federal National Mortgage Association.  The municipal securities we invest in have maturities of 20 years or less and many have private insurance guaranteeing repayment.

We have investments in Federal Home Loan Bank of New York (FHLBNY) stock, which must be held as a condition of membership in the Federal Home Loan Bank system.  The investment in FHLBNY stock is considered restricted and is reported at book value on the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.

Fair values of available for sale securities were based on a market approach, with the exception of five non-agency asset-backed securities that are not currently trading in an active market.  Fair values of these securities were calculated based on a cash flow approach.  Securities which are fixed income instruments that are not quoted on an exchange, but are traded in active markets, are valued using prices obtained from our custodian, which used third party data service providers.

Classification of Investments.  Federal regulations require us to regularly review and classify our investments based on credit risk in determining credit quality of investment portfolios as well as for calculating risk based capital.  A decline in the market value of a security due to interest rate fluctuations is not a basis for adverse classification. Instead, the classification is based on the likelihood of the timely and full collection of principal and interest.

In assessing the credit quality of securities in our investment portfolio, we review the qualitative ratings provided by nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (“NRSROs”), such as Standard and Poor (“S&P”), Moody’s or Fitch. Securities that are rated in the first four rating categories by NRSROs are generally considered investment quality and are not adversely classified. If a security has a rating below the first four categories, the Company will review the security and consider it for classification.
 
 
19

 
 
A security may be classified as Substandard, Doubtful or Loss. A “Substandard” classification indicates that the investment is inadequately protected by the sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged. Investments classified as “Substandard” must have a well defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt, and the Company may sustain some loss if deficiencies are not corrected.  A “Doubtful” classification has all the weaknesses of a “Substandard” classification with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable. Investments classified “Loss” are considered uncollectible and their continuance as an asset of the Company is no longer warranted.

The Company’s policies require that only investment grade securities are to be purchased. However, the Company may legally hold a “fallen angel,” defined as a security that it purchased at investment grade which has subsequently fallen to a below investment grade level.

According to the recent Dodd-Frank legislation, the use of qualitative ratings from NRSRO’s may no longer be solely relied upon in determining credit quality.  The regulators are looking for other methods that can be relied upon to determine the credit quality of investment securities.  At this time, the regulatory changes which may affect the way that we rate and classify the investment portfolio have not yet been finalized.

Our determination as to the classification of our investments are subject to review by our regulatory agencies.  We regularly review our investment portfolio to determine whether any investments require classification in accordance with applicable regulations.  Our review of our investments portfolio at December 31, 2011 indicated six private label securities that were below investment grade, with an amortized cost of $5.5 million and fair value of $4.6 million. The ratings on these securities ranged from BB- to D. All six securities were classified as “Substandard.” These securities were also evaluated for other-than-temporary impairment as noted in the Other than Temporary Impairment section of Part II, Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and we concluded that no other-than-temporary impairment existed as of December 31, 2011.

 
20

 
 
The following table presents the composition of our securities portfolio in dollar amount of each investment type at the dates indicated.

   
At December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
   
Amortized Cost
   
Fair Value
   
Amortized Cost
   
Fair Value
   
Amortized Cost
   
Fair Value
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Securities available for sale:
                                   
U.S. Treasury Bonds
  $ 12,935     $ 15,078     $ 8,961     $ 9,104     $ 5,129     $ 5,469  
Municipal Bonds
    49,561       53,676       47,995       45,746       27,303       27,967  
Mortgage-backed securities:
                                               
Collateralized mortgage obligations -private label
    133       129       305       304       1,888       1,765  
Collateralized mortgage obligations -government sponsored entities
    59,669       60,771       71,864       73,396       53,661       55,157  
Government National Mortgage Association
    3,141       3,349       2,461       2,407       7       7  
Federal National Mortgage Association
    19,612       20,570       10,545       10,866       9,564       9,989  
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
    5,246       5,766       5,817       6,207       9,615       10,028  
Asset-backed securities -private label
    5,459       4,632       6,586       5,650       9,256       7,637  
Asset-backed securities -government sponsored entities
    173       189       237       237       322       329  
Equity securities
    22       5       22       7       22       33  
Total available for sale
  $ 155,951     $ 164,165     $ 154,793     $ 153,924     $ 116,767     $ 118,381  

At December 31, 2011, there were no non-U.S. Government and Government agency securities that exceeded 10.0% of equity.

 
21

 
 
Investment Securities Portfolio, Maturities and Yields.  The following table sets forth the scheduled maturities, amortized cost and weighted average yields for our investment portfolio, with the exception of equity securities, at December 31, 2011.  Due to repayments of the underlying loans, the average life maturities of mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities generally are substantially less than the final maturities. The weighted average yield does not include the impact of a tax-equivalent adjustment for bank qualified municipals.

   
One Year or Less
   
More than One Year through Five Years
   
More than Five Years through Ten Years
   
More than Ten Years
   
Total Securities
 
    
Amortized Cost
   
Weighted Average Yield
   
Amortized Cost
   
Weighted Average Yield
   
Amortized Cost
   
Weighted Average Yield
   
Amortized Cost
   
Weighted Average Yield
   
Amortized Cost
   
Fair
Value
   
Weighted Average Yield
 
    (Dollars in thousands)  
Securities available for sale:
                                                                 
U.S. Treasury bonds
  $ -       - %   $ -       - %   $ 10,183       3.30 %   $ 2,752       4.64 %   $ 12,935     $ 15,078       3.59 %
Municipal bonds
    -       - %     -       - %     6,413       3.93 %     43,148       3.71 %     49,561       53,676       3.74 %
Mortgage-backed securities
    -       - %     6       5.31 %     4,565       3.92 %     83,230       3.88 %     87,801       90,585       3.88 %
Asset-backed securities
    -       - %     -       - %     -       - %     5,632       5.45 %     5,632       4,821       5.45 %
                                                                                         
Total securities available for sale:
  $ -       - %   $ 6       5.31 %   $ 21,161       3.62 %   $ 134,762       3.91 %   $ 155,929     $ 164,160       3.87 %
 
 
22

 
 
Sources Of Funds

General.  Deposits, borrowings, repayments and prepayments of loans and securities principal, proceeds from the sale of securities, proceeds from maturing securities, and cash flows provided by operations are our primary sources of funds for use in lending, investing and for other general purposes.  See “ Part II, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Deposits.  We offer a variety of deposit accounts having a range of interest rates and terms.  We currently offer regular savings deposits (consisting of Christmas Club, passbook and statement savings accounts), money market accounts, interest bearing and non-interest bearing checking accounts, health savings accounts, retirement accounts, time deposits and Interest on Lawyer Accounts (“IOLA”).

Deposit flows are influenced significantly by general and local economic conditions, changes in prevailing interest rates, pricing of deposits, and competition.  Our deposits are primarily obtained from communities surrounding our offices and we rely primarily on paying competitive rates, service, and long-standing relationships with customers to attract and retain these deposits.  We normally do not use brokers to obtain deposits, although we have in the past and may do so in the future.

When we determine our deposit rates, we consider local competition, U.S. Treasury securities offerings, and the rates charged on other sources of funds.  Core deposits (defined as savings deposits, money market accounts, demand accounts and other interest bearing accounts) represented 42.1% and 38.6% of total deposits on December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.  At December 31, 2011 and 2010, time deposits with remaining terms to maturity of less than one year amounted to $115.4 million and $120.0 million, respectively.

The following table presents our time deposit accounts categorized by interest rates which mature during each of the years set forth below and the amounts of such time deposits by interest rate at December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009.

   
Period to maturity from December 31, 2011
   
At
December 31,
 
   
Less than
One Year
   
More than
One Year to
Two Years
   
More Than
Two Years to
Three Years
   
More than Three Years
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Interest Rate Range
                                         
1.99% and below
  $ 90,054     $ 15,534     $ 2,149     $ 24,950     $ 132,687     $ 122,712     $ 89,905  
2.00% to 2.99%
    12,780       2,099       7,271       51,382       73,532       88,921       36,922  
3.00% to 3.99%
    6,079       466       206       168       6,919       8,739       50,746  
4.00% to 4.99%
    6,393       140       -       -       6,533       10,300       10,534  
5.00% to 5.99%
    50       -       166       -       216       215       915  
                                                         
Total
  $ 115,356     $ 18,239     $ 9,792     $ 76,500     $ 219,887     $ 230,887     $ 189,022  
 
 
23

 
 
The following table presents the distribution of our deposit accounts at the dates indicated by dollar amount and percent of portfolio:

   
At December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
   
Amount
   
Percent
of total
deposits
   
Amount
   
Percent
of total
deposits
   
Amount
   
Percent
of total
deposits
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Deposit type:
     
Savings
  $ 33,676       8.87 %   $ 32,126       8.55 %   $ 29,027       9.12 %
Money market
    58,157       15.31 %     47,815       12.72 %     37,336       11.73 %
Interest bearing demand
    40,649       10.70 %     41,971       11.17 %     41,857       13.15 %
Non-interest bearing demand
    27,429       7.22 %     22,986       6.12 %     21,172       6.64 %
Total core deposits
    159,911       42.10 %     144,898       38.56 %     129,392       40.64 %
                                                 
Time deposits with original maturities of:
                                               
Three months or less
    4,436       1.17 %     2,925       0.78 %     6,577       2.07 %
Over three months to twelve months
    46,126       12.15 %     61,662       16.41 %     66,927       21.02 %
Over twelve months to twenty-four months
    47,633       12.54 %     69,109       18.38 %     83,819       26.32 %
Over twenty-four months to thirty-six months
    23,181       6.10 %     27,817       7.40 %     12,220       3.84 %
Over thirty-six months to forty-eight months
    14,627       3.85 %     12,536       3.34 %     10,968       3.44 %
Over forty-eight months to sixty months
    83,448       21.97 %     56,437       15.02 %     8,040       2.52 %
Over sixty months
    436       0.12 %     401       0.11 %     471       0.15 %
Total time deposits
    219,887       57.90 %     230,887       61.44 %     189,022       59.36 %
Total deposits
  $ 379,798       100.00 %   $ 375,785       100.00 %   $ 318,414       100.00 %

At December 31, 2011, we had $80.4 million in time deposits with balances of $100,000 or more maturing as follows:

Maturity Period
 
Amount
 
   
(In thousands)
 
Three months or less
  $ 14,493  
Over three months through six months
    9,915  
Over six months to twelve months
    16,496  
Over twelve months
    39,535  
Total
  $ 80,439  
 
 
24

 
 
Short-term Borrowings. Our borrowings consist of short-term Federal Home Loan Bank advances.  At December 31, 2011 and 2010, our short-term borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York were $6.9 million and $5.0 million, respectively.  The short-term borrowings at December 31, 2011 had fixed rates of interest ranging from 0.31% to 0.33% and mature within one year.  We have a written agreement with the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York, which allowed us to borrow up to $130.4 million as of December 31, 2011 which was collateralized by a pledge of our residential, one-to four-family real estate loans. At December 31, 2011, we had outstanding advances under this agreement of $34.1 million. The Bank also pledges securities as collateral at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window for overnight borrowings. At December 31, 2011 securities with a cost of $10.0 million and fair value of $11.2 million were pledged for potential borrowings at the Federal Reserve Bank discount window. There were no balances outstanding with the Federal Reserve Bank at December 31, 2011. On October 26, 2011, the Bank established a line of credit with M&T Bank for $7.0 million, of which $5.0 million is unsecured and the remaining $2.0 million is secured by a pledge of the Bank’s securities. The line of credit provides for overnight borrowings through the purchase of Fed Funds, at an interest rate equal to the Fed Funds rate plus 0.375%. At December 31, 2011, there were no balances outstanding on this line of credit.

The following table sets forth information concerning balances and interest rates on our short-term borrowings at the dates and for the years indicated.

   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
At December 31
                 
Amount outstanding
  $ 6,910     $ 5,000     $ 6,850  
Weighted average interest rate
    0.32 %     0.40 %     0.37 %
For the year ended December 31
                       
Highest amount at month-end
  $ 9,400     $ 6,550     $ 6,950  
Daily average amount outstanding
    6,603       3,793       5,073  
Weighted average interest rate
    0.36 %     0.48 %     0.92 %

Subsidiary Activities

Lake Shore Savings is the only subsidiary of Lake Shore Bancorp.  Lake Shore Savings has no subsidiaries.

Personnel

As of December 31, 2011, we had 102 full-time employees and 19 part-time employees.  The employees are not represented by a collective bargaining unit and we consider our relationship with our employees to be good.

Supervision and Regulation

General
 
Lake Shore Savings Bank is examined and supervised by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), while Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Lake Shore, MHC are examined and supervised by the Federal Reserve Board (FRB).  This regulation and supervision establishes a comprehensive framework of activities in which an institution may engage and is intended primarily for the protection of the FDIC’s deposit insurance fund and depositors.  Under this system of federal regulation, financial institutions are periodically examined to ensure that they satisfy applicable standards with respect to their capital adequacy, assets, management, earnings, liquidity and sensitivity to market interest rates.  Lake Shore Savings also is a member of and owns stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York, which is one of the twelve regional banks in the Federal Home Loan Bank System.  Lake Shore Savings also is regulated, to a lesser extent, by the FDIC with respect to insurance of deposit accounts and the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, with respect to reserves to be maintained against deposits and other matters.  Lake Shore Savings’ relationship with its depositors and borrowers also is regulated to a great extent by both federal and state laws, especially in matters concerning the ownership of deposit accounts and the form and content of Lake Shore Savings’ mortgage documents.

 
25

 
 
Any change in these laws or regulations, whether by the FDIC, the OCC, the FRB or Congress, could have a material adverse impact on Lake Shore, MHC, Lake Shore Bancorp and Lake Shore Savings, and their operations.

The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the “Dodd-Frank Act”) made extensive changes in the regulation of federal savings banks such as the Bank.  Under the Dodd-Frank Act, the Company’s former regulator, the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS) was eliminated.  Responsibility for the supervision and regulation of federal savings banks was transferred to the OCC, which is an agency that is responsible for the regulation and supervision of national banks.  The OCC assumed responsibility for implementing and enforcing many of the laws and regulations applicable to federal savings banks. The transfer of regulatory functions became effective on July 21, 2011.  At the same time, responsibility for the regulation and supervision of savings and loan holding companies, such as the Company was transferred to the FRB, which supervises bank holding companies.

Additionally, the Dodd-Frank Act creates a new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau as an independent bureau of the Federal Reserve Board.  The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau assumes responsibility for the implementation of the federal financial consumer protection and fair lending laws and regulations, a function previously assigned to prudential regulators, and has authority to impose new requirements.  However, institutions of less than $10 billion in assets, such as the Bank, will continue to be examined for compliance with consumer protection and fair lending laws and regulations by, and be subject to the primary enforcement authority of, their prudential regulator rather than the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau.

In addition to eliminating the OTS and creating the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, the Dodd-Frank Act, among other things, directs changes in the way that institutions are assessed for deposit insurance, mandates the imposition of consolidated capital requirements on savings and loan holding companies, requires originators of securitized loans to retain a percentage of the risk for the transferred loans, regulatory rate-setting for certain debit card interchange fees, repeals restrictions on the payment of interest on commercial demand deposits and contains a number of reforms related to mortgage originations.  Many of the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act are subject to delayed effective dates and/or require the issuance of implementing regulations.  Their impact on operations cannot yet be fully assessed.  However, there is a significant possibility that the Dodd-Frank Act will, at a minimum, result in increased regulatory burden, compliance costs and interest expense for the Company.

Certain of the regulatory requirements that are or will be applicable to Lake Shore Savings, Lake Shore Bancorp and Lake Shore, MHC are described below.  This description of statutes and regulations is not intended to be a complete explanation of such statutes and regulations and their effect on Lake Shore Savings, Lake Shore Bancorp and Lake Shore, MHC and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the actual statutes and regulations.

 
26

 
 
Federal Banking Regulation

Business Activities.  A federal savings bank derives its lending and investment powers from the Home Owners’ Loan Act, as amended, and the regulations of the OCC.  Under these laws and regulations, Lake Shore Savings may originate mortgage loans secured by residential and commercial real estate, commercial business loans and consumer loans, and it may invest in certain types of debt securities and certain other assets.  Certain types of lending, such as commercial and consumer loans, are subject to an aggregate limit calculated as a specified percentage of Lake Shore Savings’ capital assets.  Lake Shore Savings also may establish subsidiaries that may engage in activities not otherwise permissible for Lake Shore Savings, including real estate investment and securities and insurance brokerage.

The Dodd-Frank Act removed federal statutory restrictions on the payment of interest on commercial demand deposit accounts, effective July 21, 2011.

Capital Requirements.  OCC regulations require savings banks to meet three minimum capital standards:  a 1.5% tangible capital ratio, a 4% leverage ratio (3% for savings banks receiving the highest regulatory rating) and an 8% risk-based capital ratio.  The prompt corrective action standards discussed below, in effect, establish a minimum 2% tangible capital standard.

The risk-based capital standard for savings banks requires the maintenance of Tier 1 (core) and total capital (which is defined as core capital and supplementary capital) to risk-weighted assets of at least 4% and 8%, respectively.  In determining the amount of risk-weighted assets, all assets, including certain off-balance sheet assets, are multiplied by a risk-weight factor of 0% to 100% assigned by federal regulations based on the risks believed inherent in the type of asset.  Core capital is defined as common stockholders’ equity (including retained earnings but excluding accumulated other comprehensive income), certain noncumulative perpetual preferred stock and related surplus and minority interests in equity accounts of consolidated subsidiaries, less intangibles other than certain mortgage servicing rights and credit card relationships.  The components of supplementary capital currently include cumulative preferred stock, long-term perpetual preferred stock, mandatory convertible securities, subordinated debt and intermediate preferred stock, the allowance for loan and lease losses limited to a maximum of 1.25% of risk-weighted assets and up to 45% of net unrealized gains on available-for-sale equity securities with readily determinable fair market values.  Overall, the amount of supplementary capital included as part of total capital cannot exceed 100% of core capital.  Additionally, a savings bank that retains credit risk in connection with an asset sale may be required to maintain additional regulatory capital because of the recourse back to the savings bank. In assessing an institution’s capital adequacy, the federal regulators take into consideration not only these numeric factors but also qualitative factors as well, and has the authority to establish higher capital requirements for individual associations where necessary.

At December 31, 2011, Lake Shore Savings’ capital exceeded all applicable requirements.

Loans to One Borrower.  Generally, a federal savings bank may not make a loan or extend credit to a single or related group of borrowers in excess of 15% of unimpaired capital and surplus.  An additional amount may be loaned, equal to 10% of unimpaired capital and surplus, if the loan is secured by readily marketable collateral, which generally does not include real estate.  As of December 31, 2011, Lake Shore Savings’ largest lending relationship with a single or related group of borrowers totaled $6.6 million, which represented 11.3% of unimpaired capital and surplus; therefore, Lake Shore Savings was in compliance with the loans-to-one borrower limitations.

Qualified Thrift Lender Test. As a federal savings bank, Lake Shore Savings is subject to a qualified thrift lender, or “QTL,” test.  Under the QTL test, Lake Shore Savings must maintain at least 65% of its “portfolio assets” in “qualified thrift investments” in at least nine months of the most recent 12-month period.  “Portfolio assets” generally means total assets of a savings institution, less the sum of specified liquid assets up to 20% of total assets, goodwill and other intangible assets, and the value of property used in the conduct of the savings bank’s business.
 
 
27

 
 
“Qualified thrift investments” includes various types of loans made for residential housing purposes, investments related to such purposes, including certain mortgage-backed and related securities, and loans for personal, family, household and certain other purposes up to a limit of 20% of portfolio assets.  “Qualified thrift investments” also include 100% of an institution’s credit card loans, education loans and small business loans.  Lake Shore Savings also may satisfy the QTL test by qualifying as a “domestic building and loan association” as defined in the Internal Revenue Code.

A savings bank that fails the qualified thrift lender test must either convert to a commercial bank charter or operate under specified restrictions.  The Dodd-Frank Act makes noncompliance with the QTL Test potentially subject to agency enforcement action for violation of law.  At December 31, 2011, Lake Shore Savings maintained approximately 81.03% of its portfolio assets in qualified thrift investments and, therefore, satisfied the QTL test.

Capital Distributions. OCC regulations govern capital distributions by a federal savings bank, which include cash dividends, stock repurchases and other transactions charged to the capital account.  A savings bank must file an application for approval of a capital distribution if:

 
the total capital distributions for the applicable calendar year exceed the sum of the savings bank’s net income for that year to date plus the savings bank’s retained net income for the preceding two years;
     
 
the savings bank would not be at least adequately capitalized following the distribution;
     
 
the distribution would violate any applicable statute, regulation, agreement or OCC-imposed condition; or
     
 
the savings bank is not eligible for expedited treatment of its filings.
 
Even if an application is not otherwise required, every savings bank that is a subsidiary of a holding company must still file a notice with the FRB and the OCC at least 30 days before the board of directors declares a dividend or approves a capital distribution.

The FRB or OCC may disapprove a notice or application if:

 
the savings bank would be undercapitalized following the distribution;
     
 
the proposed capital distribution raises safety and soundness concerns; or
     
 
the capital distribution would violate a prohibition contained in any statute, regulation or agreement.
 
In addition, the Federal Deposit Insurance Act provides that an insured depository institution shall not make any capital distribution if, after making such distribution, the institution would be undercapitalized.

Liquidity.  A federal savings institution is required to maintain a sufficient amount of liquid assets to ensure its safe and sound operation.  We seek to maintain a ratio of liquid assets not subject to pledge as a percentage of deposits and borrowings of 10% or greater. At December 31, 2011, this ratio was 40.9%.

 
28

 
 
Community Reinvestment Act and Fair Lending Laws.  All savings banks have a responsibility under the Community Reinvestment Act and related regulations of the OCC to help meet the credit needs of their communities, including low- and moderate-income borrowers.  In connection with its examination of a federal savings bank, the OCC is required to assess the savings bank’s record of compliance with the Community Reinvestment Act.  In addition, the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and the Fair Housing Act prohibit lenders from discriminating in their lending practices on the basis of characteristics specified in those statutes.  A savings bank’s failure to comply with the provisions of the Community Reinvestment Act could result in denial of certain corporate applications, such as branches or mergers, or in restrictions on its activities.  The failure to comply with the Equal Credit Opportunity Act and the Fair Housing Act could result in enforcement actions by the OCC, as well as other federal regulatory agencies and the Department of Justice.  Lake Shore Savings received a “satisfactory” Community Reinvestment Act rating in its most recent federal examination.

Transactions with Related Parties.  A federal savings bank’s authority to engage in transactions with its “affiliates” is limited by OCC regulations and by Sections 23A and 23B of the Federal Reserve Act and its implementing regulation W promulgated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System.  The term “affiliate” for these purposes generally means any company that controls or is under common control with an insured depository institution such as Lake Shore Savings.  Lake Shore Bancorp is an affiliate of Lake Shore Savings.  In general, transactions with affiliates must be on terms that are as favorable to the savings bank as comparable transactions with non-affiliates.  In addition, certain types of these transactions are restricted to an aggregate percentage of the savings bank’s capital.  Collateral in specified amounts must usually be provided by affiliates in order to receive loans from the savings bank.  In addition, OCC regulations prohibit a savings bank from lending to any of its affiliates that are engaged in activities that are not permissible for bank holding companies and from purchasing the securities of any affiliate, other than a subsidiary.  Finally, transactions with affiliates must be consistent with safe and sound banking practices and may not involve low-quality assets.  The OCC requires savings banks to maintain detailed records of all transactions with affiliates.

Lake Shore Savings’ authority to extend credit to its directors, executive officers and 10% shareholders, as well as to entities controlled by such persons, is currently governed by the requirements of Sections 22(g) and 22(h) of the Federal Reserve Act and Regulation O of the Federal Reserve Board.  Among other things, these provisions require that extensions of credit to insiders (i) be made on terms that are substantially the same as, and follow credit underwriting procedures that are not less stringent than, those prevailing for comparable transactions with unaffiliated persons and that do not involve more than the normal risk of repayment or present other unfavorable features, and (ii) not exceed certain limitations on the amount of credit extended to such persons, individually and in the aggregate, which limits are based, in part, on the amount of Lake Shore Savings’ capital.  In addition, Lake Shore Savings’ board of directors must approve extensions of credit in excess of certain limits.  Extensions of credit to executive officers are subject to additional restrictions based on the category of loan.

Lake Shore Savings is in compliance with Regulation O.

Enforcement.  The OCC has primary enforcement responsibility over federal savings institutions and has the authority to bring enforcement action against all “institution-affiliated parties,” including stockholders, and attorneys, appraisers and accountants who knowingly or recklessly participate in wrongful action likely to have an adverse effect on an insured institution.  Formal enforcement action may range from the issuance of a capital directive or cease and desist order to removal of officers and/or directors of the institution, receivership, conservatorship or the termination of deposit insurance.  Civil penalties cover a wide range of violations and actions, and range up to $25,000 per day, unless a finding of reckless disregard is made, in which case penalties may be as high as $1.0 million per day.  The FDIC also has the authority to recommend to the OCC that enforcement action be taken with respect to a particular savings institution.  If the OCC does not take action, the FDIC has authority to take action under specified circumstances.

 
29

 
 
Standards for Safety and Soundness.  Federal law requires each federal banking agency to prescribe certain standards for all insured depository institutions.  These standards relate to, among other things, internal controls, information systems and audit systems, loan documentation, credit underwriting, interest rate risk exposure, asset growth, compensation, and other operational and managerial standards as the agency deems appropriate.  The federal banking agencies adopted Interagency Guidelines Prescribing Standards for Safety and Soundness to implement the safety and soundness standards required under federal law.  The guidelines set forth the safety and soundness standards that the federal banking agencies use to identify and address problems at insured depository institutions before capital becomes impaired.  The guidelines address internal controls and information systems, internal audit systems, credit underwriting, loan documentation, interest rate risk exposure, asset growth, compensation, fees and benefits.  If the appropriate federal banking agency determines that an institution fails to meet any standard prescribed by the guidelines, the agency may require the institution to submit to the agency an acceptable plan to achieve compliance with the standard.  If an institution fails to meet these standards, the appropriate federal banking agency may require the institution to submit a compliance plan.

Prompt Corrective Action Regulations.  Under the prompt corrective action regulations, the OCC is authorized and, under certain circumstances, required to take supervisory actions against undercapitalized savings banks.  For this purpose, a savings bank is placed in one of the following five categories based on the savings bank’s capital:

 
well-capitalized (at least 5% leverage capital, 6% Tier 1 risk-based capital and 10% total risk-based capital);
     
 
adequately capitalized (at least 4% leverage capital, 4% Tier 1 risk-based capital and 8% total risk-based capital);
     
 
undercapitalized (less than 4% leverage capital, 4% Tier 1 risk-based capital or 8% total risk-based capital);
     
 
significantly undercapitalized (less than 3% leverage capital, 3% Tier 1 risk-based capital or 6% total risk-based capital); and
     
 
critically undercapitalized (less than 2% tangible capital).
 
Generally, the OCC is required to appoint a receiver or conservator for a savings bank that is “critically undercapitalized” within specific time frames.  “Undercapitalized” institutions are subject to certain restrictions, such as on capital distributions and growth.  The regulations also provide that a capital restoration plan must be filed with the OCC within 45 days of the date a savings bank receives notice that it is “undercapitalized,” “significantly undercapitalized” or “critically undercapitalized.” Any holding company for the savings bank required to submit a capital restoration plan must guarantee the lesser of an amount equal to 5% of the savings bank’s assets at the time it was notified or deemed to be undercapitalized by the OCC, or the amount necessary to restore the savings bank to adequately capitalized status.  This guarantee remains in place until the OCC notifies the savings bank that it has maintained adequately capitalized status for each of four consecutive calendar quarters. The OCC has the authority to require payment and collect payment under the guarantee.  The OCC may also take any one of a number of discretionary supervisory actions against undercapitalized savings banks, including the issuance of a capital directive and the replacement of senior executive officers and directors.

At December 31, 2011, Lake Shore Savings met the criteria for being considered “well-capitalized.”

 
30

 

Insurance of Deposit Accounts. Lake Shore Savings is a member of the Deposit Insurance Fund, which is administered by the FDIC.  Deposit accounts in the Bank are insured by the FDIC.  In view of the recent economic crisis, the FDIC temporarily increased the general individual deposit insurance available on deposit accounts from $100,000 to $250,000.  The Dodd-Frank Act made that level of coverage permanent.  In addition, pursuant to a provision of the Dodd-Frank Act, certain non-interest-bearing transaction accounts are fully insured regardless of the dollar amount until December 31, 2012.

The FDIC imposes an assessment for deposit insurance on all depository institutions.  Under the FDIC’s risk-based assessment system, insured institutions are assigned to risk categories based on supervisory evaluations, regulatory capital levels and certain other factors.  An institution’s assessment rate depends upon the category to which it is assigned and certain adjustments specified by FDIC regulations, with institutions deemed less risky paying lower rates.  Assessment rates (inclusive of possible adjustments) currently range from 2 ½ to 45 basis points of each institution’s total assets less tangible capital.  The FDIC may increase or decrease the scale uniformly, except that no adjustment can deviate more than two basis points from the base scale without notice and comment rulemaking.  The FDIC’s current system represents a change, effective April 1, 2011 and required by the Dodd-Frank Act, from its prior practice of basing the assessment on an institution’s volume of deposits.

In 2009, the FDIC, in response to pressures on the Deposit Insurance Fund caused by bank and savings association failures, required all insured depository institutions to prepay their estimated assessments for the fourth quarter of 2009, and for all of 2010, 2011 and 2012.  The estimated assessments were based on assumptions established by the FDIC, including an assumed 5% annual growth rate and certain assumed assessment rate increases.  That pre-payment, which was due on December 30, 2009 and amounted to $1.4 million for Lake Shore Savings, was recorded as a prepaid expense at December 31, 2009 and is being amortized to expense over three years.  Any unused prepaid assessments would be returned to the institution in June 2013.

The Dodd-Frank Act increased the minimum target Deposit Insurance Fund ratio from 1.15% of estimated insured deposits to 1.35% of estimated insured deposits.  The FDIC must seek to achieve the 1.35% ratio by September 30, 2020.  Insured institutions with assets of $10 billion or more are supposed to fund the increase.  The Dodd-Frank Act eliminated the 1.5% maximum fund ratio, instead leaving it to the discretion of the FDIC and the FDIC has exercised that discretion by establishing a long term fund ratio of 2%.

The FDIC has authority to increase insurance assessments.  Any significant increases would have an adverse effect on the operating expenses and results of operations of Lake Shore Savings.  Management cannot predict what assessment rates will be in the future.

Insurance of deposits may be terminated by the FDIC upon a finding that an institution has engaged in unsafe or unsound practices, is in an unsafe or unsound condition to continue operations or has violated any applicable law, regulation, rule, order or condition imposed by the FDIC. We do not currently know of any practice, condition or violation that may lead to termination of our deposit insurance.

In addition to the FDIC assessments, the Financing Corporation (“FICO”) is authorized to impose and collect, with the approval of the FDIC, assessments for anticipated payments, issuance costs and custodial fees on bonds issued by the FICO in the 1980s to recapitalize the former Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation.  The bonds issued by the FICO are due to mature in 2017 through 2019.  For the quarter ended December 31, 2011, the annualized FICO assessment was equal to 0.66 basis points for each $100 in domestic deposits maintained at an institution.

Prohibitions Against Tying Arrangements.  Federal savings banks are prohibited, subject to some exceptions, from extending credit to or offering any other service, or fixing or varying the consideration for such extension of credit or service, on the condition that the customer obtain some additional service from the institution or its affiliates or not obtain services of a competitor of the institution.

 
31

 
 
Federal Home Loan Bank System.  Lake Shore Savings is a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank System, which consists of twelve regional Federal Home Loan Banks.  The Federal Home Loan Bank System provides a central credit facility primarily for member institutions.  As a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York, Lake Shore Savings is required to acquire and hold shares of capital stock in the Federal Home Loan Bank.  As of December 31, 2011, Lake Shore Savings was in compliance with this requirement.
 
Other Regulations

Interest and other charges collected or contracted for by Lake Shore Savings are subject to state usury laws and federal laws concerning interest rates.  Lake Shore Savings’ operations are also subject to federal laws applicable to credit transactions, such as the:

 
Truth-In-Lending Act, governing disclosures of credit terms to consumer borrowers;
     
 
Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, requiring financial institutions to provide information to enable the public and public officials to determine whether a financial institution is fulfilling its obligation to help meet the housing needs of the community it serves;
     
 
Equal Credit Opportunity Act, prohibiting discrimination on the basis of race, creed or other prohibited factors in extending credit;
     
 
Fair Credit Reporting Act, governing the use and provision of information to credit reporting agencies;
     
 
Fair Debt Collection Act, governing the manner in which consumer debts may be collected by collection agencies;
     
 
Truth in Savings Act; and
     
 
rules and regulations of the various federal agencies charged with the responsibility of implementing such federal laws.
 
The operations of Lake Shore Savings also are subject to the:

 
Right to Financial Privacy Act, which imposes a duty to maintain confidentiality of consumer financial records and prescribes procedures for complying with administrative subpoenas of financial records;
     
 
Electronic Funds Transfer Act and Regulation E promulgated thereunder, which govern automatic deposits to and withdrawals from deposit accounts and customers’ rights and liabilities arising from the use of automated teller machines and other electronic banking services;
     
 
Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act (also known as “Check 21”), which gives “substitute checks,” such as digital check images and copies made from that image, the same legal standing as the original paper check;
 
 
32

 

 
 
Title III of The Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (referred to as the “USA PATRIOT Act”), which significantly expanded the responsibilities of financial institutions, including savings and loan associations, in preventing the use of the United States financial system to fund terrorist activities. Among other provisions, the USA PATRIOT Act and the related regulations require savings banks operating in the United States to, among other things, establish broadened anti-money laundering compliance programs, due diligence policies and controls to ensure the detection and reporting of money laundering.  Such required compliance programs are intended to supplement existing compliance requirements, also applicable to financial institutions, under the Bank Secrecy Act and the Office of Foreign Assets Control Regulations; and
     
 
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, which places limitations on the sharing of consumer financial information by financial institutions with unaffiliated third parties. Specifically, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act requires all financial institutions offering financial products or services to retail customers to provide such customers with the financial institution’s privacy policy and provide such customers the opportunity to “opt out” of the sharing of certain personal financial information with unaffiliated third parties.

Holding Company Regulation

General.  Lake Shore, MHC and Lake Shore Bancorp are savings and loan holding companies within the meaning of the Home Owners’ Loan Act.  As such, Lake Shore, MHC and Lake Shore Bancorp are registered with the Federal Reserve Board (FRB) and are subject to FRB regulations, examinations, supervision and reporting requirements.  In addition, the FRB has enforcement authority over Lake Shore, MHC and Lake Shore Bancorp, and their subsidiaries.  Among other things, this authority permits the FRB to restrict or prohibit activities that are determined to be a serious risk to the subsidiary savings institution.  As federal corporations, Lake Shore, MHC and Lake Shore Bancorp are generally not subject to state business organization laws.

The Dodd-Frank Act transferred to the Federal Reserve Board from the OTS the responsibility for regulating, and supervising savings and loan holding companies, effective July 21, 2011.

Permitted Activities.  Pursuant to Section 10(o) of the Home Owners’ Loan Act and FRB regulations and policy, a mutual holding company and a federally chartered mid-tier holding company such as Lake Shore Bancorp may engage in the following activities:

 
(i)
investing in the stock of a savings institution;
     
 
(ii)
acquiring a mutual savings bank through the merger of such savings institution into a savings institution subsidiary of such holding company or an interim savings bank subsidiary of such holding company;
     
 
(iii)
merging with or acquiring another holding company, one of whose subsidiaries is a savings institution;
     
 
(iv)
investing in a corporation, the capital stock of which is available for purchase by a savings institution under federal law or under the law of any state where the subsidiary savings institution or savings institutions share their home offices;
     
 
(v)
furnishing or performing management services for a savings institution subsidiary of such company;
     
 
(vi)
holding, managing or liquidating assets owned or acquired from a savings subsidiary of such company;
 
 
33

 

 
 
(vii)
holding or managing properties used or occupied by a savings institution subsidiary of such company;
     
 
(viii)
acting as trustee under deeds of trust;
     
 
(ix)
any other activity (A) that the Federal Reserve Board, by regulation, has determined to be permissible for bank holding companies under Section 4(c) of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, unless the FRB, by regulation, prohibits or limits any such activity for savings and loan holding companies; or (B) in which multiple savings and loan holding companies were authorized (by regulation) to directly engage on March 5, 1987;
     
 
(x)
any activity permissible for financial holding companies under Section 4(k) of the Bank Holding Company Act, including securities and insurance underwriting; and
     
 
(xi)
purchasing, holding, or disposing of stock acquired in connection with a qualified stock issuance if the purchase of such stock by such savings and loan holding company is approved by the FRB.  If a mutual holding company acquires or merges with another holding company, the holding company acquired or the holding company resulting from such merger or acquisition may only invest in assets and engage in activities listed in (i) through (xi) above, and has a period of two years to cease any nonconforming activities and divest of any nonconforming investments.

The Home Owners’ Loan Act prohibits a savings and loan holding company, including Lake Shore Bancorp and Lake Shore, MHC, directly or indirectly, or through one or more subsidiaries, from acquiring more than 5% of another savings institution or holding company thereof, without prior written approval of the FRB.  It also prohibits the acquisition or retention of, with certain exceptions, more than 5% of a non-subsidiary company engaged in activities other than those permitted by the Home Owners’ Loan Act; or acquiring or retaining control of an institution that is not federally insured.  In evaluating applications by holding companies to acquire savings institutions, the FRB must consider the financial and managerial resources, future prospects of the company and institution involved, the effect of the acquisition on the risk to the insurance fund, the convenience and needs of the community and competitive factors.

The FRB is prohibited from approving any acquisition that would result in a multiple savings and loan holding company controlling savings institutions in more than one state, subject to two exceptions: (i) the approval of interstate supervisory acquisitions by savings and loan holding companies, and (ii) the acquisition of a savings institution in another state if the laws of the state of the target savings institution specifically permit such acquisitions.

The states vary in the extent to which they permit interstate savings and loan holding company acquisitions.

Capital.  Savings and loan holding companies are not currently subject to regulatory capital requirements.  The Dodd-Frank Act requires the Federal Reserve Board to promulgate consolidated capital requirements for depository institution holding companies that are no less stringent, both quantitatively and in terms of components of capital, than those applicable to institutions themselves.  That will eliminate from tier 1 capital the inclusion of certain instruments, such as trust preferred securities, that are currently includable for bank holding companies.  Instruments issued by mutual holding companies before May 19, 2010 will be grandfathered.  Bank holding companies of less than $500 million in assets are exempted from the requirements.  It is as yet uncertain as to whether a similar exemption will apply to savings and loan holding companies of similar size.  There is a five year transition period from the July 21, 2010 date of enactment of the Dodd-Frank Act before the capital requirements will apply to savings and loan holding companies.

 
34

 
 
Source of Strength.  The Dodd-Frank Act extends the “source of strength” doctrine to savings and loan holding companies.  The regulatory agencies must promulgate regulations implementing the “source of strength” policy that requires holding companies act as a source of strength to their subsidiary depository institutions by providing capital, liquidity and other support in times of financial stress.  FRB policies also provide that holding companies should pay dividends only out of current earnings and only if the prospective rate of earnings retention by the holding company appears consistent with the organization’s capital needs, asset quality and overall financial condition.  These policies may affect the ability of a savings and loan holding company to pay dividends or otherwise make capital distribution.

Waivers of Dividends by Lake Shore, MHC.  The Dodd-Frank Act requires federally-chartered mutual holding companies to give the FRB notice before waiving the receipt of dividends, and provides that in the case of “grandfathered” mutual holding companies, like Lake Shore, MHC, the FRB “may not object” to a dividend waiver if the board of directors of the mutual holding company waiving dividends determines that the waiver: (i) would not be detrimental to the safe and sound operation of the subsidiary savings bank; and (ii) is consistent with the board’s fiduciary duties to members of the mutual holding company.  To qualify as a grandfathered mutual holding company, a mutual holding company must have been formed, issued stock and waived dividends prior to December 1, 2009.  Lake Shore, MHC qualifies as a grandfathered mutual holding company.  The Dodd-Frank Act further provides that the FRB may not consider waived dividends in determining an appropriate exchange ratio upon the conversion of a grandfathered mutual holding company to stock form.  In September 2011, however, the FRB issued an interim final rule that also requires, as a condition to waiving dividends, that each mutual holding company obtain the approval of a majority of the eligible votes of its members within 12 months prior to the declaration of the dividend being waived.  The FRB has requested comments on the interim final rule, and there can be no assurance that the rule will be amended to eliminate or modify the member vote requirement for dividend waivers by grandfathered mutual holding companies, such as Lake Shore, MHC.  In the past, the FRB generally has not allowed dividend waivers by mutual bank holding companies and, therefore, there can be no assurance that the FRB will approve dividend waivers by Lake Shore, MHC in the future, or what conditions the FRB may place on any dividend waivers.  In 2011, prior to the official release of the interim final rule, Lake Shore, MHC submitted and subsequently received permission from the FRB to waive dividends for the quarters ended September 30, 2011, December 31, 2011 and March 31, 2012.

Conversion of Lake Shore, MHC to Stock Form.  FRB regulations permit Lake Shore, MHC to convert from the mutual form of organization to the capital stock form of organization (a “Conversion Transaction”).  There can be no assurance when, if ever, a Conversion Transaction will occur, and the board of directors has no current intention or plan to undertake a Conversion Transaction.  In a Conversion Transaction, a new holding company would be formed as the successor to Lake Shore Bancorp (the “New Holding Company”), Lake Shore, MHC’s corporate existence would end, and certain depositors of Lake Shore Savings would receive the right to subscribe for shares of the New Holding Company.  In a Conversion Transaction, each share of common stock held by stockholders other than Lake Shore, MHC (“Minority Stockholders”) would be automatically converted into a number of shares of common stock of the New Holding Company determined pursuant to an exchange ratio that ensures that Minority Stockholders own the same percentage of common stock in the New Holding Company as they owned in Lake Shore Bancorp immediately prior to the Conversion Transaction.  The total number of shares of common stock held by Minority Stockholders after a Conversion Transaction also would be increased by any purchases by Minority Stockholders in the stock offering conducted as part of the Conversion Transaction.

Any Conversion Transaction would be subject to approvals by Minority Stockholders and members of Lake Shore, MHC.
 
 
35

 
 
Liquidation Rights. Each depositor of Lake Shore Savings has both a deposit account in Lake Shore Savings and a pro rata ownership interest in the net worth of Lake Shore, MHC based upon the deposit balance in his or her account.  This ownership interest is tied to the depositor’s account and has no tangible market value separate from the deposit account.  This interest may only be realized in the unlikely event of a complete liquidation of Lake Shore Savings.  Any depositor who opens a deposit account obtains a pro rata ownership interest in Lake Shore, MHC without any additional payment beyond the amount of the deposit.  A depositor who reduces or closes his or her account (including reductions to pay for shares of common stock in the stock offering) receives a portion or all, respectively, of the balance in the deposit account but nothing for his or her ownership interest in the net worth of Lake Shore, MHC, which is lost to the extent that the balance in the account is reduced or closed.

In the unlikely event of a complete liquidation of Lake Shore Savings, all claims of creditors of Lake Shore Savings, including those of depositors of Lake Shore Savings (to the extent of their deposit balances), would be paid first.  Thereafter, if there were any assets of Lake Shore Savings remaining, these assets would be distributed to Lake Shore Bancorp as Lake Shore Savings’ sole stockholder.  Then, if there were any assets of Lake Shore Bancorp remaining, depositors of Lake Shore Savings would receive those remaining assets, pro rata, based upon the deposit balances in their deposit account in Lake Shore Savings immediately prior to liquidation.

Federal Securities Laws

Lake Shore Bancorp common stock is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.  Lake Shore Bancorp is subject to the information, proxy solicitation, insider trading restrictions and other requirements under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

The registration under the Securities Act of 1933 of shares of the common stock in the stock offering does not cover the resale of the shares.  Shares of the common stock purchased by persons who are not affiliates of Lake Shore Bancorp may be resold without registration.  Shares purchased by an affiliate of Lake Shore Bancorp will be subject to the resale restrictions of Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933.  If Lake Shore Bancorp meets the current public information requirements of Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, each affiliate of Lake Shore Bancorp who complies with the other conditions of Rule 144, including those that require the affiliate’s sale to be aggregated with those of other persons, would be able to sell in the public market, without registration, a number of shares not to exceed, in any three month period, the greater of 1% of the outstanding shares of Lake Shore Bancorp, or the average weekly volume of trading in the shares during the preceding four calendar weeks.  Provision may be made in the future by Lake Shore Bancorp to permit affiliates to have their shares registered for sale under the Securities Act of 1933.

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 addresses, among other issues, corporate governance, auditing and accounting, executive compensation, and enhanced and timely disclosure of corporate information.  As directed by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer will be required to certify that our quarterly and annual reports do not contain any untrue statement of a material fact.  The rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act have several requirements, including having these officers certify that: they are responsible for establishing, maintaining and regularly evaluating the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting; they have made certain disclosures to our auditors and the audit committee of the Board of Directors about our internal control over financial reporting; and they have included information in our quarterly and annual reports about their evaluation and whether there have been changes in our internal control over financial reporting or in other factors that could materially affect internal control over financial reporting.
 
 
36

 
 
Item 1A.  Risk Factors.

Risks Related To Our Business

Our loan portfolio includes loans with a higher risk of loss.  We originate commercial real estate loans, commercial business loans, consumer loans, and residential mortgage loans (including home equity loans) primarily within our market area.  Commercial real estate, commercial business, and consumer loans, which comprised in the aggregate 21.8% of our total loan portfolio at December 31, 2011; may expose a lender to greater credit risk than loans secured by residential real estate because the collateral securing these loans may not be sold as easily as residential real estate.  In addition, commercial real estate and commercial business loans may also involve relatively large loan balances to individual borrowers or groups of borrowers.  These loans also have greater credit risk than residential real estate for the following reasons:

 
Commercial Real Estate Loans.  Repayment is dependent upon income being generated in amounts sufficient to cover operating expenses and debt service.
 
Commercial Business Loans.  Repayment is generally dependent upon the successful operation of the borrower’s business.
 
Consumer Loans.  Consumer loans (such as personal lines of credit) may or may not be collateralized with assets that provide an adequate source of payment of the loan due to depreciation, damage, or loss.

The economic downturn has resulted in uncertainty in the financial markets in general. Higher prices for businesses and consumers and high unemployment could affect our loan portfolio, if business owners or consumers are not able to make loan payments.  As a result of the economic downturn, we have noticed an increase in our delinquent loans. Any further downturn in the real estate market or our national or local economy could adversely affect the value of the properties securing the loans or revenues from the borrower’s business thereby increasing the risk of non-performing loans.

If our allowance for loan losses is not sufficient to cover actual loan losses, our earnings could decrease.  Our loan customers may not repay their loans according to their terms and the collateral securing the payment of these loans may be insufficient to pay any remaining loan balance.  We therefore may experience significant loan losses, which could have a material adverse effect on our operating results.  Any further downturn in the real estate market or the local economy could exacerbate this risk.  We review our allowance for loan losses on a monthly basis to ensure that it is funded adequately to cover any anticipated losses.
 
 
37

 
 
Material additions to our allowance for loan losses also would materially decrease our net income, and the charge-off of loans may cause us to increase the allowance for loan losses.  Our provision for loan losses in 2011 was $415,000 and during 2010 increased by $1.9 million in comparison to 2009 primarily due to loan charge-offs. We make various assumptions and judgments about the collectability of our loan portfolio, including the creditworthiness of our borrowers and the value of the real estate and other assets serving as collateral for the repayment of many of our loans.  We rely on our loan quality reviews, our experience and our evaluation of economic conditions, among other factors, in determining the amount of the allowance for loan losses.  If our assumptions prove to be incorrect, our allowance for loan losses may not be sufficient to cover losses inherent in our loan portfolio, resulting in additions to our allowance. The high percentage of traditional real estate loans in our loan portfolio has been one of the more significant factors we have taken into account in evaluating our allowance for loan losses and provision for loan losses.  If we were to further increase the amount of loans in our portfolio other than traditional real estate loans, we may decide to make increased provisions for loan losses.  In addition, bank regulators periodically review our allowance for loan losses and may require us to increase our provision for loan losses or recognize further loan charge-offs, which may have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Low demand for real estate loans may lower our profitability.  Making loans secured by real estate, including one-to four-family and commercial real estate, is our primary business and primary source of revenue.  If customer demand for real estate loans decreases, our profits may decrease because our alternative investments, primarily securities, generally earn less income than real estate loans.  Customer demand for loans secured by real estate could be reduced due to weaker economic conditions, an increase in unemployment, a decrease in real estate values or an increase in interest rates.    Interest rates on deposit products have steadily declined at a greater pace than the rate decline on loan products since 2008, resulting in a positive net interest margin during the last three years.  Furthermore, we experienced loan growth during the last three years, especially in the Erie County market area, which resulted in increased net interest income.  However, loan demand slowed down during 2011 and 2010 due to uncertain economic conditions and high unemployment rates, which resulted in static loan interest income. If rates begin to rise, loan demand may continue to be slow, and deposit expenses may increase, which could lower our profitability.

We have opened new branches and expect to open additional new branches in the near future.  Opening new branches reduces our short-term profitability due to one-time fixed expenses coupled with low levels of income earned by the branches until their customer bases are built.  We last opened a new branch in Depew, New York in April 2010.  In addition, we may continue to expand through de novo branching.  The expense associated with building and staffing new branches will significantly increase our non-interest expense, with compensation and occupancy costs constituting the largest amount of increased costs.  Losses are expected from new branches for some time as the expenses associated with it are largely fixed and typically greater than the income earned as a branch builds up its customer base.  Our management has projected that it will take approximately 18 to 24 months for new branches to become profitable after they have opened.  There can be no assurance that our branch expansion strategy will result in increased earnings, or that it will result in increased earnings within a reasonable period of time.  We expect that the success of our branching strategy will depend largely on the ability of our staff to market the deposit and loan products offered by us.  Depending upon locating acceptable sites, as well as the economic environment and projected demand in targeted market areas, we anticipate opening one or two branches every 12 to 24 months.

The results of our operations may be adversely affected if asset valuations cause other-than-temporary impairment charges.    In 2011, the Company determined that its investment in common stock of a small, local payment processing company was other than temporary impaired and had a non-cash, pre-tax, impairment charge of $500,000.  We may be required to record future impairment charges on our investment securities or other assets if they suffer declines in value that are considered other-than-temporary. Numerous factors, including lack of liquidity for re-sales of certain investment securities, absence of reliable pricing information for investment securities, adverse changes in business climate, adverse actions by regulators, or unanticipated changes in the competitive environment could have a negative effect on our investment portfolio or other assets in future periods. If an impairment charge is significant enough it could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s liquidity, its ability to pay dividends to shareholders, and its regulatory capital ratios.
 
 
38

 
 
Changes in interest rates could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.  Our results of operations and financial condition are significantly affected by changes in interest rates.  Our results of operations depend substantially on our net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income earned on our interest-earning assets and the interest expense paid on our interest-bearing liabilities.  Increases in interest rates may decrease loan demand and make it more difficult for borrowers to repay adjustable rate loans.

We also are subject to reinvestment risk associated with changes in interest rates.  Changes in interest rates may affect the average life of loans and mortgage-related securities.  Decreases in interest rates can result in increased prepayments of loans and mortgage-related securities, as borrowers refinance to reduce borrowing costs.  Under these circumstances, we are subject to reinvestment risk to the extent that we are unable to reinvest the cash received from such prepayments at rates that are comparable to the rates on existing loans and securities.

Our earnings may be adversely impacted by a decrease in interest rates on residential mortgage loans.  Low rates on these loan products may result in an increase in prepayments, as borrowers refinance their loans.  If we cannot re-invest the funds received from prepayments at a comparable spread, net interest income could be reduced.  Also, in a falling interest rate environment, certain categories of deposits may reach a point where market forces prevent further reduction in interest paid on those products.  The net effect of these circumstances is reduced net interest income and possibly net interest rate spread.  As rates rise, we expect loan applications to decrease, prepayment speeds to slowdown and the interest rate on our loan portfolio to remain static. Furthermore, interest rates on short term liabilities, such as time deposits and borrowings will rise resulting in increased interest expense. A majority of our long term assets in our loan portfolio are fixed rate loans.  Therefore, in an increasing rate environment, our interest income may remain static while the yields paid on our deposits and borrowings increase causing a narrowing of our net interest rate spread and a decrease in our earnings.

We depend on our executive officers and key personnel to implement our business strategy and could be harmed by the loss of their services.  We believe that our growth and future success will depend in large part upon the skills of our management team.  The competition for qualified personnel in the financial services industry is intense, and the loss of our key personnel or an inability to continue to attract, retain and motivate key personnel could adversely affect our business.  We cannot assure you that we will be able to retain our existing key personnel or attract additional qualified personnel.  Although we have an employment agreement with our President and Chief Executive Officer, that contains a non-compete provision, the loss of the services of one or more of our executive officers and key personnel could impair our ability to continue to develop our business strategy.

Our information systems may experience an interruption or breach in security.  We rely heavily on communications and information systems to conduct our business. Any failure, interruption or breach in security of these systems could result in failures or disruptions in our customer accounts, general ledger, deposit, loan and other systems. While we have policies and procedures designed to prevent or limit the effect of the possible failure, interruption or security breach of our information systems, there can be no assurance that any such failure, interruption or security breach will not occur or, if any does occur, that it will be adequately addressed.  Additionally, we outsource our data processing to third parties. If the third party provider encounters difficulties or if we have difficulty in communicating with such third party, it will significantly affect our ability to adequately process and account for customer transactions, which would significantly affect our business operations. Furthermore, breaches of such third party’s technology may also cause reimbursable loss to our consumer and business customers, through no fault of our own. Fraud attacks targeting customer-controlled devices, plastic payment card terminals, and merchant data collection points provide another source of potential loss, again through no fault of our own. The occurrence of any failures, interruptions or security breaches of information systems used to process customer transactions could damage our reputation, result in a loss of customer business, subject us to additional regulatory scrutiny, or expose us to civil litigation and possible financial liability, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. The Company maintains a system of internal controls to mitigate against such occurrences and maintains insurance coverage for exposures that are insurable. The Company regularly tests internal controls to ensure that they are appropriate and functioning as designed.

 
39

 
 
We continually encounter technological change.  The financial services industry is continually undergoing rapid technological change with frequent introductions of new technology-driven products and services. The effective use of technology increases efficiency and enables financial institutions to better serve customers and to reduce costs. Our future success depends, in part, upon our ability to address the needs of our customers by using technology to provide products and services that will satisfy customer demands, as well as to create additional efficiencies in our operations. Our largest competitors have substantially greater resources to invest in technological improvements. We may not be able to effectively implement new technology-driven products and services or be successful in marketing these products and services to our customers. Failure to successfully keep pace with technological change affecting the financial services industry could have a material adverse effect on us.

      Our ability to grow may be limited.   We intend to seek to expand our banking franchise, organically and by acquiring other financial institutions or branches and other financial service providers.  However, we have no specific plans for expansion or acquisitions at this time.  Our ability to grow through selective acquisitions of other financial institutions or branches will depend on successfully identifying, acquiring and integrating those institutions or branches.  We cannot assure you that we will be able to generate organic growth or identify attractive acquisition candidates, make acquisitions on favorable terms or successfully integrate any acquired institutions or branches.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of internal control over financial reporting, we may not be able to accurately report our financial results or prevent fraud, and, as a result, investors and depositors could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which could adversely affect our business, the trading price of our stock and our ability to attract additional deposits.  Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (the “Sarbanes-Oxley Act”) and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), requires us to evaluate our internal control over financial reporting and provide an annual management report on our internal control over financial reporting, including, among other matters, management’s assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.  If we fail to identify and correct any significant deficiencies in the design or operating effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting or fail to prevent fraud, current and potential shareholders and depositors could lose confidence in our financial reporting, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations, the trading price of our stock and our ability to attract additional deposits.

Public Shareholders Do Not Exercise Voting Control Over Us. A majority of our voting stock is owned by Lake Shore, MHC.  Lake Shore, MHC is controlled by its board of directors, who consist of those persons who are members of the board of directors of Lake Shore Bancorp and Lake Shore Savings.  Lake Shore, MHC elects all members of the board of directors of Lake Shore Bancorp, and, as a general matter, controls the outcome of all matters presented to the stockholders of Lake Shore Bancorp for resolution by vote, except for matters that require a vote greater than a majority vote.  Consequently, Lake Shore, MHC, acting through its board of directors, is able to control the business and operations of Lake Shore Bancorp and may be able to prevent any challenge to the ownership or control of Lake Shore Bancorp by stockholders other than Lake Shore, MHC.  There is no assurance that Lake Shore, MHC will not take actions that the public stockholders believe are against their interests.

 
40

 
 
Risks Related To Recent Developments And The Banking Industry Generally

Financial reform legislation enacted by Congress will, among other things, tighten capital standards, create a new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau and result in new laws and regulations that are expected to increase our costs of operations. Congress enacted the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), which has significantly changed the bank regulatory structure and affected the lending, investment, trading and operating activities of financial institutions and their holding companies.  The Dodd-Frank Act eliminated our former primary federal regulator, the Office of Thrift Supervision, and required Lake Shore Savings to be regulated by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the primary federal regulator for national banks), effective July 21, 2011. The Dodd-Frank Act also authorized the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System to supervise and regulate all savings and loan holding companies like Lake Shore, MHC, and Lake Shore Bancorp, in addition to bank holding companies which it currently regulates, effective July 21, 2011.  The Dodd-Frank Act also requires the Federal Reserve Board to set minimum capital levels for depository holding companies that are as stringent as those required for the insured depository subsidiaries, and the components of Tier 1 capital would be restricted to capital instruments that are currently considered to be Tier 1 capital for insured depository institutions.  Savings and loan holding companies are subject to a five year transition period before the holding company capital requirement will apply.  The legislation also established a floor for capital of insured depository institutions that cannot be lower than the standards in effect today, and directs the federal banking regulators to implement new leverage and capital requirements within 18 months of the enactment of the Dodd-Frank Act that takes into account off-balance sheet activities and other risks, including risks relating to securitized products and derivatives.

The Dodd-Frank Act also created a new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau with broad powers to supervise and enforce consumer protection laws.  The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has broad rule-making authority for a wide range of consumer protection laws that apply to all banks and savings institutions such as Lake Shore Savings, including the authority to prohibit “unfair, deceptive or abusive” acts and practices.  The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau has examination and enforcement authority over all banks and savings institutions with more than $10 billion in assets.  Banks and savings institutions with $10 billion or less in assets will be examined by their applicable bank regulators.  The new legislation also weakens the federal preemption available for national banks and federal savings associations, and gives state attorney generals the ability to enforce applicable federal consumer protection laws.

The legislation also broadened the base for Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance assessments. Effective April 2011, assessments are now based on the average consolidated total assets less tangible equity capital of a financial institution.  The Dodd-Frank Act also permanently increased the maximum amount of deposit insurance for banks, savings institutions and credit unions to $250,000 per depositor, retroactive to January 1, 2008, and non-interest bearing transaction accounts have unlimited deposit insurance through December 31, 2012.  The Dodd-Frank Act increased stockholder influence over boards of directors by requiring companies to give stockholders a non-binding vote on executive compensation and so-called “golden parachute” payments. The legislation also directs the Federal Reserve Board to promulgate rules prohibiting excessive compensation paid to depository holding company executives, regardless of whether the company is publicly traded or not.  Further, the legislation requires that originators of securitized loans retain a percentage of the risk for transferred loans, directs the Federal Reserve Board to regulate pricing of certain debit card interchange fees and contains a number of reforms related to mortgage origination.
 
 
41

 
 
It is difficult to predict at this time what effect the new legislation and implementing regulations will have on community banks with regard to the lending and credit practices of such banks.  Moreover, the legislation requires various federal agencies to promulgate numerous and extensive implementing regulations over the next several years.  Although the substance and scope of these regulations cannot be determined at this time, it is expected that the legislation and implementing regulations, particularly those relating to the new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, will increase our operating and compliance costs.

Our business may be adversely affected by conditions in the financial services industry and U.S. and global credit markets. Beginning in the latter half of 2007 and continuing through 2011, negative developments in the capital markets and the economic recession have resulted in uncertainty in the financial markets in general. Although there are some indicators of improving economic conditions, there can be no assurance that such conditions will continue to improve and it is also possible that conditions will again deteriorate.  Factors such as consumer spending, business investment, government spending and inflation all affect the business and economic environment and, ultimately, the amount and profitability of our business.  Loan portfolio performances have deteriorated at many institutions resulting from, among other factors, a weak economy and a decline in the value of the collateral supporting their loans. The competition for deposits has increased significantly due to liquidity concerns at many of these same institutions. In an economic environment characterized by higher unemployment, lower family income, lower corporate earnings, lower business investment and lower consumer spending, stock prices of bank holding companies, like ours, have been negatively affected by the current condition of the financial markets, as has our ability, if needed, to raise capital or borrow in the debt markets.

Dramatic declines in the housing market over the past four years, with falling home prices and increasing foreclosures, unemployment and under-employment, have negatively impacted the credit performance of real estate related loans and resulted in significant write-downs of asset values by financial institutions.  These write-downs have caused many financial institutions to seek additional capital, to reduce or eliminate dividends, to merge with larger and stronger institutions and, in some cases, to fail.  This market turmoil and tightening of credit have led to an increased level of commercial and consumer delinquencies, lack of consumer confidence, increased market volatility and widespread reduction of business activity generally.  The resulting economic pressure on consumers and lack of confidence in the financial markets may cause adverse changes in payment patterns, causing increases in delinquencies and default rates, which may impact our charge-offs and provision for loan losses.

As a result, there is a potential for new federal or state laws and regulations regarding lending and funding practices and liquidity standards, and financial institution regulatory agencies are expected to be very aggressive in responding to concerns and trends identified in examinations. Negative developments in the financial services industry and the impact of new legislation, such as the Dodd-Frank Act, in response to those developments could adversely impact our operations, including our ability to originate or sell loans, and adversely impact our financial performance.

The Dodd-Frank Act’s elimination of the OTS may adversely affect Lake Shore, MHC’s ability to waive dividends, which would adversely affect our ability to pay dividends and the value of our common stock. The value of the Company’s common stock is significantly affected by our ability to pay dividends to our public shareholders.  The Company’s ability to pay dividends to our shareholders is subject to the ability of the Bank to make capital distributions to the Company, and also to the availability of cash at the holding company level in the event earnings are not sufficient to pay dividends.  Moreover, our ability to pay dividends and the amount of such dividends is affected by the ability of Lake Shore, MHC, our mutual holding company, to waive the receipt of dividends declared by the Company.  Lake Shore, MHC currently waives its right to receive most of its dividends on its shares of the Company, which means that the Company has more cash resources to pay dividends to our public stockholders than if Lake Shore, MHC accepted such dividends.  Lake Shore, MHC is required to obtain Federal Reserve Board approval before it may waive its receipt of dividends, and the current dividend waiver approval is effective through the quarter ending March 31, 2012. 

 
42

 

The Dodd-Frank Act requires federally-chartered mutual holding companies to give the Federal Reserve Board notice before waiving the receipt of dividends, and provides that in the case of “grandfathered” mutual holding companies, like Lake Shore, MHC, the Federal Reserve Board “may not object” to a dividend waiver if the board of directors of the mutual holding company waiving dividends determines that the waiver: (i) would not be detrimental to the safe and sound operation of the subsidiary savings bank; and (ii) is consistent with the board’s fiduciary duties to members of the mutual holding company.  To qualify as a grandfathered mutual holding company, a mutual holding company must have been formed, issued stock and waived dividends prior to December 1, 2009. The Dodd-Frank Act further provides that the Federal Reserve Board may not consider waived dividends in determining an appropriate exchange ratio upon the conversion of a grandfathered mutual holding company to stock form.  In September 2011, however, the Federal Reserve Board issued an interim final rule that also requires as a condition to waiving dividends, that each mutual holding company obtain the approval of a majority of the eligible votes of its members within 12 months prior to the declaration of the dividend being waived.  The Federal Reserve Board has requested comments on the interim final rule, and there can be no assurance that the rule will be amended to eliminate or modify the member vote requirement for dividend waivers by grandfathered mutual holding companies, such as Lake Shore, MHC.  In the past, the Federal Reserve Board generally has not allowed dividend waivers by mutual bank holding companies and, therefore, there can be no assurance that the Federal Reserve Board will approve dividend waivers by Lake Shore, MHC in the future, or what conditions the Federal Reserve Board may place on any dividend waivers.  

Recent negative developments in the financial industry and the credit markets may subject us to additional regulation.  As a result of the recent global financial crisis, the potential exists for new federal or state laws and regulations regarding lending and funding practices and liquidity standards to be promulgated, and bank regulatory agencies are expected to be active in responding to concerns and trends identified in examinations, including the expected issuance of many formal enforcement orders.  Negative developments in the financial industry and credit markets, and the impact of new legislation in response to those developments, may negatively impact our operations by restricting our business operations, including our ability to originate or sell loans, and may adversely impact our financial performance.

Our local economy may affect our future growth possibilities.  Our success significantly depends upon the growth in population, income levels, deposits and housing starts in our current market area, which is primarily located in Chautauqua County, New York and Erie County, New York.  Unlike many larger institutions, we are not able to spread the risks of unfavorable local economic conditions across a large number of diversified economies and geographic locations.    If the communities in which we operate do not grow, or if prevailing economic conditions locally or nationally are unfavorable, our business may be negatively affected. A continued weak economy could lead to a deterioration of the credit quality of our loan portfolio and reduce our level of customer deposits, which in turn would hurt our business.   Moreover, the value of real estate or other collateral that may secure our loans could be adversely affected.

Competition in our primary market area may reduce our ability to attract and retain deposits and originate loans.  We operate in a competitive market for both attracting deposits, which is our primary source of funds, and originating loans.  Historically, our most direct competition for savings deposits has come from credit unions, community banks, large commercial banks and thrift institutions in our primary market area.  Particularly in times of extremely low or extremely high interest rates, we have faced additional significant competition for depositors from brokerage firms and other firms’ short-term money market securities and corporate and government securities.  Our competition for loans comes principally from mortgage brokers, commercial banks, other thrift institutions, and insurance companies.  Competition for loan originations and deposits may limit our future growth and earnings prospects.

 
43

 
 
Changes in the Federal Reserve Board’s monetary or fiscal policies could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.  Our earnings will be affected by domestic economic conditions and the monetary and fiscal policies of the United States government and its agencies.  The Federal Reserve Board has, and is likely to continue to have, an important impact on the operating results of banks through its power to implement national monetary policy, among other things, in order to curb inflation or combat a recession.  The Federal Reserve Board affects the levels of bank loans, investments and deposits through its control over the issuance of United States government securities, its regulation of the discount rate applicable to member banks and its influence over reserve requirements to which member banks are subject.  We cannot predict the nature or impact of future changes in monetary and fiscal policies.

Item 1B.  Unresolved Staff Comments.

                 None.

 
44

 

Item 2.  Properties.
 
We conduct our business through our corporate headquarters, administrative offices, and ten branch offices.  At December 31, 2011, the net book value of the computer equipment and other furniture, fixtures, and equipment at our offices totaled $917,000. For more information, see Note 6 and Note 10 in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Location
 
Leased
or
Owned
 
Original
Date Acquired
 
Net Book Value December 31, 2011
 
   
        (Dollars in thousands)
 
Corporate Headquarters
             
31 East Fourth Street
Dunkirk, NY 14048
 
Owned
 
2003
  $ 912  
                 
Branch Offices:
               
                 
Chautauqua County branches
               
128 East Fourth Street
Dunkirk, NY 14048
 
Owned/Leased(1)
 
1930
    820  
30 East Main Street
Fredonia, NY 14063
 
Owned
 
1996
    685  
1 Green Avenue
Lakewood, NY 14701
 
Owned/Leased(2)
 
1996
    629  
115 East Fourth Street
Jamestown, NY 14701
 
Owned
 
1997
    387  
106 East Main Street
Westfield, NY 14787
 
Owned/Leased(3)
 
1998
    200  
Erie County branches
               
5751 Transit Road
East Amherst, NY 14051
 
Owned
 
2003
    1,078  
3111 Union Road
Orchard Park, NY 14127
 
Leased(4)
 
2003
    337  
59 Main Street
Hamburg, NY 14075
 
Leased(5)
 
2005
    917  
3438 Delaware Avenue
Kenmore, NY 14217
 
Owned
 
2008
    1,201  
570 Dick Road
Depew, NY 14043
 
Leased(6)
 
2009
    104  
Administrative Offices:
               
125 East Fourth Street
Dunkirk, NY 14048
 
Owned
 
1995
    195  
123 East Fourth Street
Dunkirk, NY 14048
 
Owned
 
1995
    88  
415 Washington Avenue
Dunkirk, NY 14048
 
Owned
 
2010
    60  
 

(1)
The building is owned.  Additional parking lot is leased.  The lease expires in 2014.
(2)
The building is owned.  The land is leased. The lease expires in 2015.
(3)
The building is owned. Additional parking lot is leased. The lease expires in 2013.
(4)
The lease expires in 2017.
(5)
The lease expires in 2028.
(6)
The lease expires in 2019.

 
45

 
 
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.

At December 31, 2011, we are not involved in any pending legal proceedings other than routine legal proceedings occurring in the ordinary course of business.  We believe that these routine legal proceedings, in the aggregate, are immaterial to our financial condition and results of operations.

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures.

Not applicable.
 
PART II

Item 5.  Market for Registrant’s Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters.

Market Information

Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. common stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “LSBK”.  The table below shows the reported high and low sales prices of the common stock during the periods indicated.

   
Sales Price
   
Dividend Information
Period
 
High
   
Low
   
Amount per Share
 
Date of Payment
                     
2010
                   
First Quarter
  $ 8.30     $ 7.60     $ 0.06  
February 23, 2010
Second Quarter
    8.50       7.52       0.06  
May 24, 2010
Third Quarter
    8.50       7.76       0.06  
August 24, 2010
Fourth Quarter
    9.25       7.95       0.06  
November 22, 2010
                           
2011
                         
First Quarter
  $ 14.00     $ 8.80     $ 0.07  
February 22, 2011
Second Quarter
    11.00       10.00       0.07  
May 24, 2011
Third Quarter
    10.50       8.44       0.07  
September 22, 2011
Fourth Quarter
    9.85       9.02       0.07  
November 22, 2011
 
The Board of Directors intends to review the payment of dividends quarterly and plans to continue to maintain a regular quarterly dividend, dependent upon our earnings, financial condition and other relevant factors. Refer to Part I, Item 1. “Business – Supervision and Regulation – Holding Company Regulation” and Part I, Item 1a. “Risk Factors – Risks Related to Recent Developments and The Banking Industry Generally” above for information on the possible restriction of dividend payments and MHC dividend waivers.

As of March 26, 2012 there were approximately 1,200 record holders of Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. common stock.

 
46

 
 
The following table reports information regarding repurchases by Lake Shore Bancorp of its common stock in each month of the quarter ended December 31, 2011:

COMPANY PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

Period
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased
   
Average Price Paid per Share
   
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
   
Maximum Number of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(1)
 
October 1, 2011 through October 31, 2011
    -       -       -       91,510  
November 1, 2011 through November 30, 2011
    -       -       -       91,510  
December 1, 2011 through December 31, 2011
    -       -       -       91,510  
Total
    -       -       -       91,510  
 

(1)   On November 17, 2010, our Board of Directors approved a new stock repurchase plan pursuant to which we can repurchase up to 116,510 shares of our outstanding common stock. This amount represented 5% of our outstanding stock not owned by the MHC as of November 23, 2010. The repurchase plan does not have an expiration date and superseded all of the prior stock repurchase programs.
 
 
47

 
 
Item 6.  Selected Financial Data.

Our selected consolidated financial and other data is set forth below, which is derived in part from, and should be read in conjunction with, our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, beginning on page F-1 of this Form 10-K.

   
As of December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
   
2008
   
2007
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Selected financial condition data:
           
Total assets
  $ 488,597     $ 479,047     $ 425,656     $ 407,833     $ 357,801  
Loans, net
    275,068       263,031       259,174       240,463       218,711  
Securities available for sale
    164,165       153,924       118,381       112,863       105,922  
Federal Home Loan Bank stock
    2,219       2,401       2,535       2,890       3,081  
Total cash and cash equivalents
    23,704       33,514       22,064       29,038       10,091  
Total deposits
    379,798       375,785       318,414       293,248       240,828  
Short-term borrowings
    6,910       5,000       6,850       5,500       18,505  
Long-term debt
    27,230       34,160       36,150       46,460       37,940  
Total stockholders’ equity
    63,947       55,210       55,446       54,228       53,465  
Allowance for loan losses
    1,366       953       1,564       1,476       1,226  
Non-performing loans
    2,798       2,341       1,677       1,651       1,644  
Non-performing assets
    3,113       2,645       1,999       1,699       1,705  


   
For the year
ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
   
2008
   
2007
 
   
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
 
Selected operating data:
     
Interest income
  $ 20,765     $ 19,926     $ 19,693     $ 19,983     $ 18,622  
Interest expense
    5,636       6,316       7,929       8,778       9,133  
Net interest income
    15,129       13,610       11,764       11,205       9,489  
Provision for loan losses
    415       2,115       265       391       105  
Net interest income after provision for loan losses
    14,714       11,495       11,499       10,814       9,384  
Total non-interest income
    1,666       3,454       2,415       600       2,002  
Total non-interest expense
    11,307       11,533       11,035       9,602       9,118  
Income before income taxes
    5,073       3,416       2,879       1,812       2,268  
Income taxes
    1,393       373       718       342       451  
Net income
  $ 3,680     $ 3,043     $ 2,161     $ 1,470     $ 1,817  
Basic and diluted earnings per common share
  $ 0.65     $ 0.53     $ 0.37     $ 0.24     $ 0.29  
Dividends declared per share
  $ 0.28     $ 0.24     $ 0.20     $ 0.19     $ 0.13  
 
 
48

 
 
   
At or for the year
ended December 31,
   
2011
 
2010
 
2009
 
2008
 
2007
Selected financial ratios and other data
                             
                               
Performance ratios:
                             
Return on average assets
  0.76 %   0.67 %   0.52 %   0.39 %   0.52 %
Return on average equity
  6.15 %   5.32 %   3.93 %   2.76 %   3.39 %
Dividend payout ratio(1)
  43.08 %   45.28 %   54.05 %   79.17 %   44.83 %
Interest rate spread(2)
  3.14 %   2.98 %   2.70 %   2.75 %   2.42 %
Net interest margin(3)
  3.34 %   3.21 %   3.03 %   3.19 %   2.92 %
Efficiency ratio(4)
  67.32 %   67.59 %   77.83 %   81.34 %   79.35 %
Non-interest expense to average total assets
  2.34 %   2.54 %   2.65 %   2.53 %   2.60 %
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities
  116.58 %   115.39 %   116.16 %   117.53 %   117.94 %
                               
Capital ratios:
                             
Total risk-based capital to risk weighted assets(5)
  21.81 %   20.44 %   20.33 %   21.78 %   23.72 %
Tier 1 risk-based capital to risk weighted assets(5)
  21.27 %   20.05 %   19.95 %   21.35 %   22.90 %
Tangible capital to tangible assets(5)
  11.18 %   10.28 %   10.85 %   11.20 %   12.28 %
Tier 1 leverage (core) capital to adjustable tangible assets(5)
  11.18 %   10.28 %   10.85 %   11.20 %   12.28 %
Equity to total assets
  13.09 %   11.52 %   13.03 %   13.30 %   14.94 %
                               
Asset quality ratios:
                             
Non-performing loans as a percent of total net loans
  1.02 %   0.89 %   0.65 %   0.69 %   0.75 %
Non-performing assets as a percent of total assets
  0.64 %   0.55 %   0.47 %   0.42 %   0.48 %
Allowance for loan losses as a percent of total net loans
  0.50 %   0.36 %   0.60 %   0.61 %   0.56 %
Allowance for loan losses as a percent of non-performing loans
  48.82 %   40.71 %   93.26 %   89.40 %   74.57 %
                               
Other data:
                             
Number of full service offices
  10     10     9     9     8  
 

(1)
Represents dividends declared per share as a percent of earnings per share.
(2)
Represents the difference between the weighted-average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted-average cost of interest-bearing liabilities for the year.
(3)
Represents the net interest income as a percent of average interest-earning assets for the year.
(4)
Represents non-interest expense divided by the sum of net interest income and non-interest income.
(5)
Represents the capital ratios of Lake Shore Savings Bank since Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc., as a savings and loan holding company, is not currently subject to formula-based requirements at the holding company level.
 
 
49

 
 

This discussion and analysis reflects our consolidated financial statements and other relevant statistical data and is intended to enhance your understanding of our consolidated financial condition and results of operations.  You should read the information in this section in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements beginning on page F-1 of this Form 10-K, and the other statistical data provided in this Form 10-K.

Important Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements in this annual report are “forward-looking” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, which statements generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology, such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “target,” “plan,” “project” or “continue” or the negatives thereof or other variations thereon or similar terminology, and are made on the basis of management’s current plans and analyses of our business and the industry in which we operate as a whole. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, economic conditions, competition, interest rate sensitivity and exposure to regulatory and legislative changes, and the other risks and uncertainties identified in Part I, Item 1A “Risk Factors.” These factors in some cases have affected, and in the future could affect, our financial performance and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by such forward-looking statements. We do not undertake to publicly update or revise our forward-looking statements even if experience or future changes make it clear that any projected results expressed or implied therein will not be realized.

General

Our results of operations depend primarily on our net interest income, which is the difference between the interest income we earn on loans and investments and the interest expense we pay on deposits and other interest-bearing liabilities.  Net interest income is affected by the relative amounts of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and the interest rates we earn or pay on these balances.

Our operations are also affected by non-interest income, such as service fees and gains and losses on the sales of securities and loans, our provision for loan losses and non-interest expenses which include salaries and employee benefits, occupancy and equipment costs, professional fees and other general and administrative expenses.

Financial institutions like us, in general, are significantly affected by economic conditions, competition, and the monetary and fiscal policies of the federal government.  Lending activities are influenced by the demand for and supply of housing, competition among lenders, interest rate conditions, and funds availability.  Our operations and lending are principally concentrated in the Western New York area, and our operations and earnings are influenced by local economic conditions.  Deposit balances and cost of funds are influenced by prevailing market rates on competing investments, customer preferences, and levels of personal income and savings in our primary market area.  Despite the fact that the Western New York market area has been economically stagnant, we have more than doubled our asset size since December 31, 2000.

Beginning in the latter half of 2007 and to a certain extent continuing into 2011, there were a number of unprecedented developments in the capital and credit markets.  While the recession is officially over, continued weakness in the housing markets and high unemployment remain.  These weaknesses can have a negative effect on a bank’s earnings and liquidity.  The Federal Reserve is still actively working on keeping interest rates at very low levels.  The Fed Funds rate has remained at 0.00%-0.25% for the last three years.  The Federal Reserve recently started to become more open and transparent in regards to the discussions held in their meetings, resulting in recent indications that the Fed Funds rate will remain low and will not increase until 2014, a year longer than previously anticipated.
 
 
50

 
 
As discussed further above in Part I, Item 1 “Business - Supervision and Regulation”, since October 2008, numerous legislative actions, including the recently passed Dodd-Frank Act, have been taken in response to the financial crisis affecting the banking system and financial markets.    While we do not know all the possible outcomes from these initiatives, we can anticipate that the Company will need to dedicate more resources to ensure compliance with the new legislation, which may impact profitability.  There can be no assurance as to the actual impact any governmental program will have on the financial markets or our financial condition and results of operations.  We remain active in monitoring these developments and supporting the interests of our shareholders.

Management Strategy

Our Reputation.  Our primary management strategy has been to retain our perceived image as one of the most respected and recognized community banks in Western New York with over 120 years of service to our community.  Our management strives to accomplish this goal by continuing to emphasize our high quality customer service and financial strength.

Branching.  In April 2010, we opened our newest branch office in Depew, New York.  This is our fifth branch in Erie County, New York and our tenth overall.   This office had generated deposits of $23.6 million as of December 31, 2011. Our offices are located in Dunkirk, Fredonia, Jamestown, Lakewood and Westfield in Chautauqua County, New York and in Depew, East Amherst, Hamburg, Kenmore and Orchard Park in Erie County, New York.  Saturation of the market in Chautauqua County led to our expansion plan in Erie County which is a critical component of our future profitability and growth. An important strategic objective is to continue to evaluate the technology supporting our customer service. We are committed to making investments in technology and we believe that it represents an effecient way to deploy a portion of our capital. To this end, the Company has developed a five year plan for implementation of cost effective and effecient digital services to meet our customer's technology needs, to focus on attracting new customers, and to improve our operational effeciencies. Although we remain committed to expanding our retail branch footprint whenever  it makes economic sense, we will be concentrating our near term efforts on developing "clicks" instead of "bricks."

Our People.  A large part of our success is related to customer service and customer satisfaction.  Having employees who understand and value our clientele and their business is a key component to our success.  We believe that our present staff is one of our competitive strengths and thus the retention of such persons and our ability to continue to attract quality personnel is a high priority.

Residential Mortgage and Other Lending.  Historically, our lending portfolio has been composed predominantly of residential one-to four-family mortgage loans.  At December 31, 2011 and 2010, we held $182.9 million and $183.9 million of residential one-to four-family mortgage loans, respectively, which constituted 66.8% and 70.3% of our total loan portfolio, at such respective dates. We originate commercial real estate loans to finance the purchase of real property, which generally consists of developed real estate. At December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, our commercial real estate loan portfolio consisted of loans totaling $44.8 million and $33.8 million respectively, or 16.4% and 12.9%, respectively, of total loans.  In addition to commercial real estate loans, we also engage in small business commercial lending, including business installment loans, lines of credit, and other commercial loans. At December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, our commercial loan portfolio consisted of loans totaling $12.9 million and $10.4 million, respectively, or 4.7% and 4.0%, respectively, of total loans. Other loan products offered to our customers include home equity loans and lines of credit, construction loans and consumer loans, including automobile loans, overdraft lines of credit and share loans. We may sell one-to four-family residential mortgage loans in the future as part of our interest rate risk strategy and asset/liability management, if it is deemed appropriate. We typically retain servicing rights when we sell one-to four-family residential mortgage loans. One- to four-family residential mortgage loans will continue to be the dominant type of loan in our lending portfolio.

 
51

 
 
Investment Strategy.  Our investment policy is designed primarily to manage the interest rate sensitivity of our assets and liabilities, to generate a favorable return without incurring undue interest rate and credit risk, to complement our lending activities and to provide and maintain liquidity within established guidelines.  We employ a third party financial advisor to assist us in managing our investment portfolio and developing balance sheet strategies.

At December 31, 2011 and 2010, we had $164.2 million and $156.3 million, respectively, invested in securities available for sale, the majority of which are agency mortgage-backed securities, agency collateralized mortgage obligation securities (“CMOs”) and municipal securities.

Asset-Liability Strategy.  As stated above, our business consists primarily of originating one-to four-family residential mortgage loans secured by property in our market area and investing in residential mortgage-backed securities, CMOs and U.S. Agency securities.  Typically, one-to four-family residential mortgage loans involve a lower degree of risk and carry a lower yield than commercial real estate and commercial business loans.  Our loans are primarily funded by time deposits and savings accounts.  This has resulted in our being particularly vulnerable to increases in interest rates, as our interest-bearing liabilities will mature or reprice more quickly than our interest-earning assets in a rising rate environment.  Although we plan to continue to originate one-to four-family residential mortgage loans going forward, we have been and intend to continue to increase our focus on the origination of commercial real estate loans and commercial business loans, which generally provide higher returns and have shorter durations than one-to four-family residential mortgage loans.  Furthermore, our strategy involves improving our funding mix by increasing our core deposits in order to help reduce and control our cost of funds.  We value core deposits because they represent longer-term customer relationships and lower cost of funds.  As part of our strategy to expand our commercial loan portfolio, we expect to attract lower cost core deposits as part of these borrower relationships.  We offer competitive rates on a variety of deposit products to meet the needs of our customers and we promote long term deposits, where possible, to meet asset-liability goals.

We are actively involved in managing our balance sheet through the direction of our asset-liability committee and the assistance of a third party advisor.  Recent economic conditions have underscored the importance of a strong balance sheet.  We strive to achieve this through managing our interest rate risk and maintaining strong capital levels, putting aside adequate loan loss reserves and keeping liquid assets on hand.  Diversifying our asset mix not only improves net interest margin but also reduces the exposure of our net interest income and earnings to interest rate risk.  We will continue to manage our interest rate risk by diversifying the type and maturity of our assets in our loan and investment portfolios and monitoring the maturities in our deposit portfolio and borrowing facilities.

 Critical Accounting Policies

It is management’s opinion that accounting estimates covering certain aspects of our business have more significance than others due to the relative importance of those areas to overall performance, or the level of subjectivity required in making such estimates.  Management considers the accounting policy relating to the allowance for loan losses to be a critical accounting policy given the uncertainty in evaluating the level of the allowance for loan losses required for probable credit losses and the material effect that such judgments can have on the results of operations.  Management’s quarterly evaluation of the adequacy of the allowance considers our historical loan loss experience, review of specific loans, current economic conditions, and such other factors considered appropriate to estimate loan losses.  Management uses presently available information to estimate probable losses on loans; however, future additions to the allowance may be necessary based on changes in estimates, assumptions, or economic conditions.  Significant factors that could give rise to changes in these estimates include, but are not limited to, changes in economic conditions in our local area, concentrations of risk and decline in local property values. Refer to Note 5 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on the allowance for loan losses.
 
 
52

 
 
In management’s opinion, the accounting policy relating to the valuation of investments is a critical accounting policy.  The fair values of our investments are determined using public quotations, third party dealer quotes, pricing models, or discounted cash flows.  Thus, the determination may require significant judgment or estimation, particularly when liquid markets do not exist for the item being valued.  The use of different assumptions for these valuations could produce significantly different results which may have material positive or negative effects on the results of our operations.  Refer to Note 14 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on fair value.

Management also considers the accounting policy relating to the impairment of investments to be a critical accounting policy due to the subjectivity and judgment involved and the material effect an impairment loss could have on the consolidated results of income.  The credit portion of a decline in the fair market value of investments below cost deemed to be an other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) may be charged to earnings resulting in the establishment of a new cost basis for an asset.  Management continually reviews the current value of its investments for evidence of OTTI.  Refer to Notes 3 and 7 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on OTTI.

These critical policies and their application are reviewed periodically by our Audit Committee and our Board of Directors.  All accounting policies are important, and as such, we encourage the reader to review each of the policies included in the notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements to better understand how our financial performance is reported.

Other than Temporary Impairment on Investment

During the fourth quarter of 2011, a $500,000 OTTI write-down was recorded by the Company on an investment made in the common stock of a small, local payment processing company during 2007 and 2008. During the fourth quarter of 2011, management concluded that there was substantial doubt about the ability of this entity to perform as expected in accordance with its original business plan by which the decision was made to invest in the company. This conclusion was reached through discussion with the entity’s owners and review of the entity’s operations and financial statements. Management determined that the entity’s cash flows and equity position was significantly limited by lack of capital or revenue, making it difficult to generate and solicit new business opportunities. Furthermore, management noted a significant deterioration in the business prospects of the entity as certain deals, capital infusions, loans, grants or partnerships were not materializing as expected. Refer to Note 7 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for more information on OTTI.

Analysis of Net Interest Income

Net interest income represents the difference between the interest we earn on our interest-earning assets, such as mortgage loans and investment securities, and the expense we pay on interest-bearing liabilities, such as time deposits and borrowings.  Net interest income depends on both the volume of our interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and the interest rates we earn or pay on them.

 
53

 
 
Average Balances, Interest and Average Yields.  The following table sets forth certain information relating to our average balance sheets and reflects the average yield on interest-earning assets and average cost of interest-bearing liabilities, interest earned and interest paid for the years indicated.  Such yields and costs are derived by dividing income or expense by the average balance of interest-earning assets or interest-bearing liabilities, respectively, for the years presented.  Average balances are derived from daily balances over the years indicated.  The average balances for loans are net of allowance for loan losses, but include non-accrual loans.  Interest income on securities does not include a tax equivalent adjustment for bank qualified municipals.

   
For the Year ended December 31, 2011
   
For the Year ended December 31, 2010
   
For the Year ended December 31, 2009
 
   
Average Balance
   
Interest Income/ Expense
   
Yield/ Rate
   
Average Balance
   
Interest Income/ Expense
   
Yield/ Rate
   
Average Balance
   
Interest Income/ Expense
   
Yield/ Rate
 
    (Dollars in thousands)  
Interest-earning assets:
                                                     
Interest-earning deposits & federal funds sold
  $ 19,397     $ 32       0.16 %   $ 26,130     $ 56       0.21 %   $ 18,413     $ 102       0.55 %
Securities
    162,691       6,307       3.88 %     139,942       5,922       4.23 %     118,938       5,533       4.65 %
Loans
    270,697       14,426       5.33 %     258,150       13,948       5.40 %     250,846       14,058       5.60 %
Total interest-earning assets
    452,785     $ 20,765       4.59 %     424,222     $ 19,926       4.70 %     388,197     $ 19,693       5.07 %
                                                                         
Other assets
    31,006                       30,714                       28,068                  
Total assets
  $ 483,791                     $ 454,936                     $ 416,265                  
                                                                         
Interest-bearing liabilities:
                                                                       
Demand and NOW accounts
  $ 40,403     $ 65       0.16 %   $ 39,735     $ 74       0.19 %   $ 37,581     $ 71       0.19 %
Money market accounts
    50,721       277       0.55 %     44,137       297       0.67 %     28,765       221       0.77 %
Savings accounts
    34,112       68       0.20 %     31,434       83       0.26 %     29,577       86       0.29 %
Time deposits
    225,029       4,174       1.85 %     206,977       4,320       2.09 %     189,066       5,667       3.00 %
Borrowed funds
    36,856       941       2.55 %     44,050       1,428       3.24 %     47,860       1,768       3.69 %
Other interest-bearing liabilities
    1,264       111       8.78 %     1,304       114       8.74 %     1,339       116       8.66 %
Total interest bearing liabilities
    388,385       5,636       1.45 %     367,637       6,316       1.72 %     334,188       7,929       2.37 %
Other non-interest bearing liabilities
    35,590                       30,135                       27,141                  
Stockholders’ equity
    59,816                       57,164                       54,936                  
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 483,791                     $ 454,936                     $ 416,265                  
                                                                         
Net interest income
          $ 15,129                     $ 13,610                     $ 11,764          
Interest rate spread
                    3.14 %                     2.98 %                     2.70 %
                                                                         
Net interest margin
                    3.34 %                     3.21 %                     3.03 %
 
 
54

 
 
Rate Volume Analysis.  The following table analyzes the dollar amount of changes in interest income and interest expense for major components of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities.  The table shows the amount of the change in interest income or expense caused by either changes in outstanding balances (volume) or changes in interest rates.  The effect of a change in volume is measured by applying the average rate during the first year to the volume change between the two years.  The effect of changes in rate is measured by applying the change in rate between the two years to the average volume during the first year.  Changes attributable to both rate and volume, which cannot be segregated, have been allocated proportionately to the absolute value of the change due to volume and the change due to rate.

             
   
Year Ended December 31, 2011
Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2010
   
Year Ended December 31, 2010
Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2009
 
   
Rate
   
Volume
   
Net Change
   
Rate
   
Volume
   
Net Change
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Interest-earning assets:
                                   
Interest earning deposits and federal funds sold
  $ (11 )   $ (13 )   $ (24 )   $ (78 )   $ 32     $ (46 )
Securities
    (524 )     909       385       (530 )     919       389  
Loans
    (193 )     671       478       (513 )     403       (110 )
Total interest-earning assets
    (728 )     1,567       839       (1,121 )     1,354       233  
                                                 
Interest-bearing liabilities:
                                               
Demand and NOW accounts
    (10 )     1       (9 )     (1 )     4       3  
Money market accounts
    (61 )     41       (20 )     (30 )     106       76  
Savings accounts
    (22 )     7       (15 )     (8 )     5       (3 )
Time deposits
    (504 )     358       (146 )     (1,845 )     498       (1,347 )
Total deposits
    (597 )     407       (190 )     (1,884 )     613       (1,271 )
                                                 
Other interest-bearing liabilities:
                                               
Borrowed funds and other
    (274 )     (216 )     (490 )     (205 )     (137 )     (342 )
                                                 
Total interest-bearing liabilities
    (871 )     191       (680 )     (2,089 )     476       (1,613 )
                                                 
Net change in net interest income
  $ 143     $ 1,376     $ 1,519     $ 968     $ 878     $ 1,846  
 
 
55

 
 
Comparison of Financial Condition at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010

Total assets at December 31, 2011 were $488.6 million, an increase of $9.6 million, or 2.0%, from $479.0 million at December 31, 2010.  The increase in total assets was primarily due to a $12.0 million increase in loans receivable, net and a $10.2 million increase in securities available for sale partially offset by a $9.8 million decrease in cash and cash equivalents and a $2.7 million decrease in other assets.

Cash and cash equivalents decreased by $9.8 million, or 29.3%, from $33.5 million at December 31, 2010 to $23.7 million at December 31, 2011.  The decrease was primarily attributed to the utilization of $10.9 million of interest earning deposits to fund loan originations and the purchase of securities available for sale.  The decrease was partially offset by a $574,000 increase in cash and due from banks and a $565,000 increase in federal funds sold.

Securities available for sale increased by $10.2 million, or 6.7%, to $164.2 million at December 31, 2011 compared to $153.9 million at December 31, 2010.  During the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company purchased $30.2 million of available for sale securities, including mortgage-backed securities, municipal bonds and U.S. Treasury bonds. During the same period, $24.3 million was received in paydowns on securities, $4.7 million was received on the sale of municipal bonds and unrealized mark to market gains earned before taxes was approximately $9.1 million.

Loans receivable, net increased during the year between December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010 as shown in the table below:

   
At
   
At
   
                                       Change
 
   
December 31, 2011
   
December 31, 2010
                                    $       %  
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Real Estate Loans:
                         
Residential, one- to four-family
  $ 182,922     $ 183,929     $ (1,007 )     (0.5 )%
Home equity
    30,671       30,613       58       0.2 %
Commercial
    44,776       33,782       10,994       32.5 %
Construction
    519       616       (97 )     (15.7 )%
Total Real Estate Loans
    258,888       248,940       9,948       4.0 %
                                 
Other Loans:
                               
Commercial
    12,911       10,360       2,551       24.6 %
Consumer
    1,948       2,224       (276 )     (12.4 )%
                                 
Total Gross Loans
    273,747       261,524       12,223       4.7 %
Allowance for loan losses
    (1,366 )     (953 )     (413 )     (43.3 )%
Net deferred loan costs
    2,687       2,460       227       9.2 %
Loans receivable, net
  $ 275,068     $ 263,031     $ 12,037       4.6 %

The increase in loans receivable, net was primarily due to an increase in commercial real estate loans and commercial loans, partially offset by a decrease in residential, one-to four-family real estate loans.  During 2011, we strategically focused on increasing our commercial real estate and commercial portfolios to take advantage of the opportunities available in our market area. The decrease in residential, one-to four-family real estate loans was primarily due to the decision made by the Bank not to match lower competitor rates during 2011 in an effort to avoid increased interest rate risk.

 
56

 
 
Other assets decreased by $2.7 million, or 62.3%, to $1.6 million as of December 31, 2011 in comparison to $4.3 million at December 31, 2010. The decrease was primarily due to a $1.2 million decrease in deferred tax assets as a result of a $9.1 million increase in unrealized mark to market gains on the available for sale securities portfolio. The decrease was also due to the receipt of a $600,000 refund  on estimated federal income tax payments made during 2010. The tax refund resulted from payments being made prior to the charge off of $2.6 million in impaired loans during the third quarter of 2010. The decrease was also due to a $500,000 write-down, which represented the entire investment made by the Company in common stock of a small, local payment processing company, during the fourth quarter of 2011.

The table below shows changes in deposit volume by type of deposit between December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010:

   
At
    At                                              Change  
   
December 31, 2011
   
December 31, 2010
              $       %  
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Demand deposits:
                         
Non-interest bearing
  $ 27,429     $ 22,986     $ 4,443       19.3 %
Interest bearing
    40,649       41,971       (1,322 )     (3.2 )%
Money market
    58,157       47,815       10,342       21.6 %
Savings
    33,676       32,126       1,550       4.8 %
Time deposits
    219,887       230,887       (11,000 )     (4.8 )%
                                 
Total Deposits
  $ 379,798     $ 375,785     $ 4,013       1.1 %

The growth in non-interest bearing demand deposits as well as the growth in money market and savings accounts, was the result of the Company’s continued strategic focus on attracting commercial deposit relationships and growing core deposits among its retail customers.  The decrease in time deposits was a result of the Company’s decision to not match unreasonable interest rates being offered by competitors in our market area in an effort to maintain our net interest margin.

Our borrowings, consisting of advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York (“FHLBNY”), decreased by $5.0 million, or 12.8%, from $39.2 million at December 31, 2010 to $34.1 million at December 31, 2011.  Short-term borrowings increased $1.9 million, or 38.2%, from $5.0 million at December 31, 2010 to $6.9 million at December 31, 2011.  Long-term borrowings decreased by $6.9 million, or 25.4%, from $34.2 million at December 31, 2010 to $27.2 million at December 31, 2011. As long-term debt matured, the Company paid off $5.0 million of such debt in order to reduce interest expense, and the remaining proceeds were transferred into short-term borrowings to take advantage of lower interest rates.

Total stockholders’ equity increased by $8.7 million, or 15.8%, from $55.2 million at December 31, 2010 to $63.9 million at December 31, 2011.  The increase in total stockholders’ equity was primarily due to a $5.6 million increase in net unrealized gains on the Company’s available for sale securities portfolio and $3.7 million in net income for the year ended December 31, 2011, partially offset by $647,000 in cash dividends paid and $169,000 of treasury stock repurchases.

Comparison of Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2011 and 2010

General. Net income was $3.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2011, or $0.65 per diluted share, an increase of 20.9%, compared to net income of $3.0 million, or $0.53 per diluted share, for the year ended December 31, 2010.  The increase in net income was primarily due to a $1.5 million increase in net interest income, a $1.7 million decrease in the provision for loan losses and a $226,000 decrease in non-interest expenses, partially offset by a $1.8 million decrease in non-interest income and a $1.0 million increase in income tax expense.
 
 
 
57

 
 
Net Interest Income. Net interest income increased by $1.5 million, or 11.2%, to $15.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the year ended December 31, 2010.  Interest income increased by $839,000 and interest expense decreased by $680,000 for the year ended December 31, 2011 when compared to the year ended December 31, 2010.  Interest rate spread and net interest margin were 3.14% and 3.34%, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to 2.98% and 3.21%, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2010.

Interest Income. Interest income increased by $839,000, or 4.2%, from $19.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 to $20.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2011.  Loan interest income increased $478,000, or 3.4%, to $14.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to $13.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, due to a $12.5 million increase in average loans receivable in 2011 to $270.7 million.  The increase in the average balance of loans outstanding was primarily due to an increase in commercial real estate loans and commercial loans. Loan interest income was affected by the current low interest rate environment, as shown by the decrease in the average yield on the loan portfolio from 5.40% for the year ended December 31, 2010 to 5.33% for 2011.  Investment income increased by $385,000, or 6.5%, from $5.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 to $6.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. The investment portfolio had an average balance of $162.7 million and an average yield of 3.88% for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to an average balance of $139.9 million and an average yield of 4.23% for the year ended December 31, 2010. The average balance of the investment portfolio increased due to the excess liquidity resulting from average deposit growth primarily in our Erie County branches. The average yield on the investment portfolio decreased due to the current low interest rate environment.  Other interest income decreased $24,000, or 42.9%, from $56,000 for the year ended December 31, 2010 to $32,000 for the year ended December 31, 2011. The average balance in other interest-earning deposits and federal funds sold decreased $6.7 million, or 25.8%, to $19.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the year ended December 31, 2010, as the cash funds were used to originate loans, purchase investments, or pay down borrowings. The average yield on other interest-earning deposits and federal funds sold decreased from 0.21% for the year ended December 31, 2010 to 0.16% for the year ended December 31, 2011.

Interest Expense. Interest expense decreased by $680,000, or 10.8%, from $6.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 to $5.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2011.  The interest expense paid on deposits decreased by $190,000, or 4.0%, to $4.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the year ended December 31, 2010. The average balance on deposits for the year ended December 31, 2011 was $350.3 million and the average rate paid on deposits was 1.31% compared to an average balance of $322.3 million and an average rate paid on deposits of 1.48% for the year ended December 31, 2010. The decrease in the average rate paid on deposits was due to the continued low interest rate environment in 2011. The increase in the average balance of deposits was primarily due to growth in our Erie County branches. The interest expense related to advances from the FHLBNY decreased $487,000, or 34.1%, to $941,000 for the year ended December 31, 2011 when compared to 2010. This decrease was due to a $7.2 million decrease in average FHLBNY advance balances and a 69 basis point decrease in the average rate paid when comparing the year ended December 31, 2011 with the year ended December 31, 2010. The decrease in the average advance balance was a result of the Company’s decision to utilize excess cash obtained through deposit growth  to pay down borrowings. The low interest rate environment caused the average rate paid on borrowings to decrease.
 
 
58

 
 
Provision for Loan Losses.  Provision for loan losses during the year ended December 31, 2011 was $415,000 compared to $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. The decrease in the provision for loan losses in 2011 was due to a charge-off of $2.6 million on three commercial loans to one borrower which necessitated an increase to the provision in 2010. Our credit quality remains strong, as nonperforming loans have remained steady at $2.8 million and $2.3 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, despite a $12.5 million increase in average loans outstanding for the year ended December 31, 2011 when compared to 2010. Net charge-offs in 2011 have remained low at $2,000 for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. Upon review of the environmental factors relating to the commercial real estate loans and commercial loans during 2011, management determined that a $199,000 provision for loan losses was necessary due to the increase in the commercial loan portfolio and the standard risks presented by the inherent nature of these types of loans. Management also recorded an additional $170,000 in provision for loan losses due to specific commercial real estate or commercial loans that had become classified loans or had been downgraded due to certain factors, such as delinquency during 2011. Management also recorded an additional $46,000 in provision for loan losses due to specific residential mortgage loans, home equity loans and consumer loans that had become classified loans or had been downgraded due to certain factors, such as delinquency, during 2011.

Non-interest Income.  Non-interest income decreased $1.8 million, or 51.8%, from $3.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 to $1.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. The decrease in non-interest income was primarily due to a $1.1 million gain recorded on the sale of securities available for sale during the third quarter of 2010. In the third quarter of 2010, we sold one treasury security to take advantage of gains in market value at that time. We also sold 15 municipal bond securities that were set to mature between 2014 and 2016 for a gain and reinvested the proceeds in longer term municipal bond securities, to take advantage of the positively sloped yield curve and increase interest income. In addition, we sold two mortgage backed securities for a loss because they had experienced severe price declines and presented increased credit risk to our investment portfolio.

A $500,000 OTTI write-down was recorded by the Company during the fourth quarter of 2011 on an investment made in the common stock of a small, local payment processing company. During the fourth quarter of 2011, management concluded that there was substantial doubt about the ability of this entity to perform as expected in accordance with its original business plan by which the decision was made to invest in the company. This conclusion was reached through discussion with the entity’s management and review of the entity’s operations and financial statements. Management determined that the entity’s cash flows and equity position was significantly limited by lack of capital or revenue, making it difficult to generate and solicit new business opportunities. Furthermore, management noted a significant deterioration in the business prospects of the entity as certain deals, capital infusions, loans, grants or partnerships were not materializing as expected.

Service charges and fees also decreased by $160,000, or 8.6%, to $1.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 when compared to the year ended December 31, 2010. The decrease in service charges and fees was related to the federal regulations enacted during the third quarter of 2010, which require expanded disclosure of overdraft fees and allowed customers to “opt out” of these types of fees.

Non-interest Expenses. Non-interest expense decreased by $226,000, or 2.0%, to $11.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the year ended December 31, 2010. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in salary and employee benefits of $205,000, or 3.4%, for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to 2010, primarily due to the retirement of our former President and Chief Executive Officer in 2011. FDIC insurance decreased $183,000, or 36.5%, for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the year ended December 31, 2010 as a result of the new insurance premium calculation methodology that the FDIC enacted in accordance with the Dodd-Frank Act, which became effective on April 1, 2011. These decreases were partially offset by an increase in occupancy and equipment expenses of $127,000, or 7.7%, for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to 2010 primarily due to increased maintenance costs and higher depreciation expenses associated with renovations to the Company’s headquarters completed during 2010. Advertising expenses decreased $66,000, or 15.8%, from $419,000 for the year ended December 31, 2010 to $353,000 for the year ended December 31, 2011. In 2010, we had increased marketing costs associated with the opening of the Depew branch and for a new general advertising campaign.  Other expenses increased $90,000, or 9.6%, for the year ended December 31, 2011 compared to the year ended December 31, 2010 primarily due to increased donations made by the Company and increased employee training costs.
 
 
59

 
 
Income Taxes Expense.  Income tax expense increased by $1.0 million from $373,000 for the year ended December 31, 2010 to $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. The increase was primarily due to an increase in income during 2011 along with the fourth quarter 2011 one-time tax expense of $193,000 for a deferred tax valuation allowance combined with the 2010 recognition of a $399,000 one-time tax benefit related to a change in New York State bank franchise tax law all of which caused our effective tax rate to increase to 27.5% for the year ended December 31, 2011, compared to 10.9% for the year ended December 31, 2010. The deferred tax valuation allowance of $193,000 was based on management’s belief that it is more likely than not that the Company will not generate sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character to realize the benefits of the deductible losses related to the $500,000 OTTI charge-off which occurred in the fourth quarter of 2011.  The tax benefit from 2010 was related to a change in tax law which conformed the bad debt deduction allowed under New York State bank franchise tax law to that allowed for Federal income tax purposes. In addition, the 2010 change no longer required a thrift institution to recapture its New York tax bad debt reserves accumulated in prior years. Because of this 2010 change in tax law, the deferred tax liability previously recognized in prior years was reversed resulting in a one-time tax benefit of $399,000. Without the one-time tax effects for 2011 and 2010, our effective tax rate would have been 24.4% and 22.6% for the years ended December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.
 
Comparison of Results of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2010 and 2009
 
General. Net income was $3.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, or $0.53 per diluted share, an increase of 40.8%, compared to net income of $2.2 million, or $0.37 per diluted share, for the year ended December 31, 2009.  The increase in net income was primarily due to a $1.6 million decrease in interest expenses and a $1.2 million gain on the sale of investments, offset by a $1.9 million increase in the provision for loan losses.
 
Net Interest Income. Net interest income increased by $1.8 million, or 15.7%, to $13.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to the year ended December 31, 2009.  Interest income increased by $233,000 and interest expense decreased by $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 when compared to the year ended December 31, 2009.  Net interest spread and net interest margin were 2.98% and 3.21%, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to 2.70% and 3.03%, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2009.

Interest Income. Interest income increased by $233,000, or 1.2%, from $19.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 to $19.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2010.  Loan interest income remained static during the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to the year ended December 31, 2009.  Loan interest income was positively impacted by a $7.3 million increase in average loans receivable in 2010 which was offset by a 20 basis point decline in the average yield earned on our average loan portfolio.  The average yield on our loan portfolio decreased from 5.60% to 5.40% between the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010. Investment income increased by $389,000, or 7.0%, from $5.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 to $5.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 primarily due to increased volume of investment securities. The investment portfolio had an average balance of $139.9 million and an average yield of 4.23% for the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to an average balance of $118.9 million and an average yield of 4.65% for the year ended December 31, 2009.  Other interest income decreased by $46,000, or 45.1%, to $56,000 for the year ended December 31, 2010.  This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in the average yield earned on our federal funds sold and interest earning deposits from 0.55% to 0.21% between the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010.  Other interest income was positively impacted by an increase in the average balance of federal funds sold and other interest earning deposits from $18.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 to $26.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2010.
 
 
60

 
 
Interest Expense. Interest expense decreased by $1.6 million, or 20.3%, from $7.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 to $6.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2010.  The interest expense paid on deposits decreased by $1.3 million, or 21.0%, for the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to the year ended December 31, 2009. This decline was due to a decrease in the average rate paid on interest bearing deposits from 2.12% for the year ended December 31, 2009 to 1.48% for the year ended December 31, 2010.  The interest expense on time deposits decreased $1.3 million to $4.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. The average rate paid on time deposits decreased from 3.00% to 2.09% while the average balance increased from $189.1 million to $207.0 million between the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010. Interest expense related to advances from the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York decreased $340,000, or 19.2%, to $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to the year ended December 31, 2009. The average rate paid on these borrowings decreased from 3.69% to 3.24% while the average balance of these borrowings also decreased from $47.9 million to $44.1 million between the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010.

Provision for Loan Losses.  Provision for loan losses during the year ended December 31, 2010 was $2.1 million compared to $265,000 for the year ended December 31, 2009. The increase in the provision for loan losses for the year ended December 31, 2010 was primarily due to the charge-off of $2.7 million on three commercial loans to one borrower. Despite the increase to our provision, our credit quality remains strong. The ratio of nonperforming loans to total net loans was 0.89% as of December 31, 2010. The majority of our loans are residential mortgage loans or commercial mortgage loans backed by first lien collateral on real estate located in the Western New York region. Western New York has not been impacted as severely as other parts of the country by fluctuating real estate market values. We do not hold any sub-prime loans in our loan portfolio.

Non-interest Income.  For the year ended December 31, 2010, non-interest income increased $1.0 million, or 43.0%, to $3.5 million from $2.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. The increase in non-interest income was primarily due to a $1.1 million net gain on the sale of investments recorded during the third quarter of 2010. In the third quarter of 2010, we sold one treasury security to take advantage of current gains in market value. We also sold 15 municipal bond securities for a gain on securities that were set to mature between 2014 and 2016 and re-invested the proceeds in longer term municipal bond securities, to take advantage of the positively sloped yield curve and increase interest income. We sold two mortgage backed securities for a loss because they had experienced severe price declines and presented increased credit risk to our investment portfolio. Service charges and fees decreased $133,000, or 6.7%, to $1.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to 2009 due to the new federal regulations which allows customers to “opt out” of these type of fees. The “opt out” election began July 1, 2010 for new customers and August 15, 2010 for existing customers.

Non-interest Expenses.  Non-interest expenses increased by $498,000, or 4.5%, to $11.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to $11.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2009. The increase in non-interest expenses was primarily due to an increase in salaries and employee benefits expenses of $607,000, or 11.0%, for the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to 2009 due to the hiring of an executive officer and staff for our Depew branch, annual salary increases and annual increases in health insurance premiums. Occupancy and equipment expenses increased $247,000, or 17.6%, from $1.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 to $1.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. The 2010 increase in occupancy and equipment expenses was primarily due to the opening of the Depew branch in April 2010. Advertising expenses increased $59,000, or 16.4%, from $360,000 for the year ended December 31, 2009 to $419,000 for the year ended December 31, 2010. In 2010, we had increased marketing costs associated with the opening of the Depew branch and for a new general advertising campaign. FDIC insurance premiums decreased by $173,000, or 25.6%, to $502,000 for the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to the year ended December 31, 2009. In 2009, the FDIC imposed a special assessment which cost us $185,000 in order to replenish the deposit insurance fund and increased general assessments. Professional expenses decreased by $136,000, or 11.1%, to $1.1 million primarily due to a decrease in auditing and consulting services in 2010. Other non-interest expenses decreased by $161,000, or 14.7%, to $935,000 primarily due to a loss recorded on the sale of the Company’s interest rate floor derivative product of $135,000 during 2009.
 
 
61

 
 
Income Taxes Expense.  Income taxes expense decreased by $345,000, or 48.1%, from $718,000 for the year ended December 31, 2009 to $373,000 for the year ended December 31, 2010.  The decrease in income taxes expense was primarily the result of a recent change in New York State bank franchise tax law. The change conforms the bad debt deduction allowed under New York State bank franchise tax law to that allowed for Federal income tax purposes. In addition, the change no longer requires a thrift institution to recapture its New York tax bad debt reserves accumulated in prior years. Because of this change in tax law, the deferred tax liability previously recognized in prior years was reversed resulting in a one-time tax benefit of $399,000.  As a result of the one-time tax benefit our effective tax rate decreased to 10.9% for the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to 24.9% for the year ended December 31, 2009. Without this one-time tax benefit, our effective tax rate would have been 22.6% for the year ended December 31, 2010, which represents a decrease in our effective tax rate from 2009 mostly due to an increase in tax exempt income derived from our municipal bond portfolio in 2010.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity describes our ability to meet the financial obligations that arise during the ordinary course of business.  Liquidity is primarily needed to meet the lending and deposit withdrawal requirements of our customers and to fund current and planned expenditures.  Our primary sources of funds consist of deposits, scheduled amortization and prepayments of loans and mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, maturities and sales of other investments, interest earning deposits at other financial institutions and funds provided from operations.  We have a written agreement with the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York, which allows us to borrow up to $130.4 million as of December 31, 2011, and is collateralized by a pledge of our mortgage loans.  At December 31, 2011, we had outstanding advances under this agreement of $34.1 million. We have a written agreement with the Federal Reserve Bank discount window for overnight borrowings which is collateralized by a pledge of our securities, and allows us to borrow up to the value of the securities pledged, which was $10.0 million as of December 31, 2011. There were no balances outstanding with the Federal Reserve Bank at December 31, 2011.  In 2011, we established a line of credit with M&T Bank for $7.0 million, of which $5.0 million is unsecured and the remaining $2.0 million is secured by a pledge of our securities. There were no borrowings on this line as of December 31, 2011.

     Historically, loan repayments and maturing investment securities were a relatively predictable source of funds.  However, in light of the current economic environment, there are now more risks related to loan repayments and the valuation and maturity of investment securities.  In addition, deposit flows, calls of investment securities, and prepayments of loans and mortgage-backed securities are strongly influenced by interest rates, general and local economic conditions, and competition in the marketplace.  These factors and the current economic environment reduce the predictability of the timing of these sources of funds.

Our primary investing activities include the origination of loans and the purchase of investment securities.  For the year ended December 31, 2011, we originated loans of approximately $58.3 million in comparison to approximately $55.0 million of loans originated during the year ended December 31, 2010.  Purchases of investment securities totaled $30.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2011 and $77.2 million in the year ended December 31, 2010.

At December 31, 2011, we had loan commitments to borrowers of approximately $4.0 million and overdraft lines of protection and unused home equity lines of credit of approximately $26.3 million. Total deposits were $379.8 million at December 31, 2011, as compared to $375.8 million at December 31, 2010.  Time deposit accounts scheduled to mature within one year were $115.4 million at December 31, 2011.  Based on our deposit retention experience, current pricing strategy, and competitive pricing policies, we anticipate that a significant portion of these time deposits will remain with us following their maturity.

 
62

 
 
In recent years, macro-economic conditions negatively impacted liquidity and credit quality across the financial markets as the U.S. economy experienced a recession.  Although recent reports have indicated improvements in the macro-economic conditions, the recession has had far-reaching effects.  However, our financial condition, credit quality and liquidity position remain strong.

We are committed to maintaining a strong liquidity position; therefore, we monitor our liquidity position on a daily basis.  We anticipate that we will have sufficient funds to meet our current funding commitments.  The marginal cost of new funding, however, whether from deposits or borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank, will be carefully considered as we monitor our liquidity needs.  Therefore, in order to minimize our cost of funds, we may consider additional borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank in the future.

We do not anticipate any material capital expenditures during 2012.  We do not have any balloon or other payments due on any long-term obligations or any off-balance sheet items other than loan commitments as described in Note 17 in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements and the borrowing agreements noted above.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

Other than loan commitments, we do not have any off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures, or capital resources that is material to investors.  Refer to Note 17 in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a summary of commitments outstanding as of December 31, 2011.

Accounting Polices, Standards and Pronouncements

Refer to Note 2 in the Notes to our Consolidated Financial Statements for a discussion of significant accounting policies, the impact of the adoption of new accounting standards and recent accounting pronouncements.


Management of Market Risk

The majority of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature.  Consequently, interest rate risk is our most significant market risk.  Other types of market risk, such as movements in foreign currency exchange rates and commodity prices, do not arise in the normal course of our business operations.  Interest rate risk can be defined as an exposure to a movement in interest rates that could have an adverse effect on our net interest income.  Interest rate risk arises naturally from the imbalance in the repricing, maturity, and/or cash flow characteristics of assets and liabilities.  In periods of falling interest rates, prepayments of loans typically increase, which would lead to reduced net interest income if such proceeds cannot be reinvested at a comparable spread.  Also in a falling interest rate environment, certain categories of deposits may reach a point where market forces prevent further reduction in the interest rate paid on those instruments.  During 2011, interest rates on new loans significantly declined, resulting in the repricing of some loans in our portfolio. Rates on deposits have also dropped, more than the decline in rates on the loan portfolio, which has had a positive impact on our interest rate spread. If rates remain at these low levels, the yield on our assets may continue to decline further as high-rate loans prepay and new low-rate loans are added to the portfolio.  There is no guarantee that the cost of deposits will fall more or faster than the yield on assets.  If interest rates begin to rise, rates on deposit products may increase while rates on our long-term loan products could remain static.  In a rising rate scenario, we may not be able to add new higher rate assets at the same speed or in the same amount as the deposits which are re-pricing upward.  As a result, an increase in interest rates may result in a negative impact on the Company’s interest rate spread and earnings.
 
 
63

 
 
Managing interest rate risk is of primary importance to us.  The responsibility for interest rate risk management is the function of our Asset Liability Committee, which includes our President and Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer and certain other members of our Board of Directors.  Our Asset Liability Committee meets at least quarterly, and more often if necessary, to review our asset/liability policies and identify and measure potential risks to earnings due to changes in interest rates.  The primary goal of our interest rate risk management is to manage the potential impact on net interest income that could arise from changes in interest rates given our business strategy, operating environment, capital, liquidity and performance objectives.

Interest Rate Risk

In past years, many savings banks have measured interest rate sensitivity by computing the “gap” between the assets and liabilities which are expected to mature or reprice within certain time periods, based on assumptions regarding loan prepayment and deposit decay rates.  Our previous regulator, the Office of Thrift Supervison (OTS), required the computation of amounts by which the net present value of an institution’s cash flow from assets, liabilities and off balance sheet items (the institution’s net portfolio value) would change in the event of a range of assumed changes in market interest rates.  The OTS provided all institutions that filed a Consolidated Maturity/Rate Schedule as part of their quarterly Thrift Financial Report with an interest rate sensitivity report of net portfolio value.  The OTS’ simulation model used discounted cash flow analysis and an option-based pricing approach to measure the interest rate sensitivity of net portfolio value.  The OTS model estimated the economic value of each type of asset, liability and off-balance sheet contract under the assumption that the United States Treasury yield curve increases or decreases instantaneously by 100 to 300 basis points in 100 basis point increments.  A basis point equals one-hundredth of one percent, and 100 basis points equals one percent.  An increase in interest rates from 3% to 4% would mean, for example, a 100 basis point increase in the “Change in Interest Rates” column below.

Our earnings may be adversely impacted by an increase in interest rates because the majority of our interest-earning assets are long-term, fixed rate mortgage-related assets that will not reprice as short-term interest rates increase.  If interest rates rise, we expect loan applications to decrease, prepayment speeds on loans and investment securities to slow down and the interest rate on our loan portfolio to remain relatively static. We also expect interest expenses on deposits and borrowings to increase more quickly as these are shorter term products.  An increasing rate environment could cause a narrowing of our net interest rate spread and a decrease in our earnings.
 
 
64

 
 
The table below sets forth as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, the estimated changes in our net portfolio value that would result from designated instantaneous changes in the United States Treasury yield curve.  Computations of prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes are based on numerous assumptions including relative levels of market interest rates, loan prepayments and deposit decay, and should not be relied upon as indicative of actual results.

     
As of December 31, 2011
   
As of December 31, 2010
 
Change in Interest Rates (basis points) (1)
   
Amount
   
Dollar Change from Base
   
Percentage Change from Base
   
Amount
   
Dollar Change From Base
   
Percentage Change from Base
 
     
(Dollars in thousands)
 
  +300     $ 44,171     $ (23,187 )     (34 )%   $ 26,590       (32,255 )     (55 )%
  +200       54,864       (12,495 )     (19 )%     38,103       (20,742 )     (35 )%
  +100       62,954       (4,405 )     (7 )%     49,374       (9,471 )     (16 )%
  0       67,359                   58,845              
  -100       72,105       4,746       7 %     64,975       6,131       10 %

(1) Assumes an instantaneous uniform change in interest rates.  A basis point equals 0.01%.

Effective March 31, 2012, we will no longer be required to file the Consolidated Maturity/Rate Schedule as part of our quarterly regulatory reporting.  Due to the transition of our regulator from the OTS to the OCC, we are now required to monitor our interest rate risk by purchasing software to complete the modeling in-house, or by contracting with a third party vendor to develop and run the model on our behalf.  We have decided to implement our own in-house model to measure and monitor our interest rate sensitivity.  We have purchased the software, completed training, and have successfully set up a “test” model.  Effective March 31, 2012, this internal model will be used to track our interest rate sensitivity going forward.  We have contracted with a third party vendor to complete an independent review of the assumptions and inputs that we use in our model during 2012.


See pages F-1 through F-50 following the signature page of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.


None.


Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures designed to ensure that the information required to be disclosed in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is accumulated and communicated to the issuer’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company’s management, with the participation of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13(a)-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon such evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the end of such period, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting for the Company.  Our internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of our financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

 
65

 
 
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.  Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Our management has made a comprehensive review, evaluation, and assessment of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011.  In making its assessment of internal control over financial reporting, management used the criteria issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control-Integrated Framework.  Based on that assessment, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2011, our internal control over financial reporting was effective.

This annual report does not include an attestation report of the Company’s registered public independent accounting firm regarding internal control over financial reporting. Management’s report was not subject to attestation by the Company’s registered public independent accounting firm pursuant to rules of the SEC that permit the Company to provide only management’s report in this annual report.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) during the quarter ended December 31, 2011 to which this report relates that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, internal control over financial reporting.


None.



The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement for our 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of our December 31, 2011 fiscal year end.


The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement for our 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of our December 31, 2011 fiscal year end.


The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement for our 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of our December 31, 2011 fiscal year end.
 
 
66

 
 

The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement for our 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of our December 31, 2011 fiscal year end.


The information required by this item is incorporated herein by reference to our Proxy Statement for our 2012 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which will be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission within 120 days of our December 31, 2011 fiscal year end.
 
Part IV

15(a)(1)  Financial Statements.  The following are included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 
Ÿ
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
Ÿ
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as of December 31, 2011 and 2010
 
Ÿ
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009
 
Ÿ
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009
 
Ÿ
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009
 
Ÿ
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
15(a)(2)  Financial Statement Schedules.  Schedules are omitted because they are not required or the information is provided elsewhere in the Consolidated Financial Statements or Notes thereto included in Item 8 of Part II of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

15(a)(3)  Exhibits.  The following exhibits are filed as part of this Annual Report on Form 10-K or are incorporated herein by reference.

 
3.1
 
Charter of Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc.1
 
3.2
 
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc.7
 
4.1
 
Form of Stock Certificate of Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc.2
 
4.2
 
Form of Restricted Stock Award Notice5
 
4.3
 
Form of Stock Option Certificate5
 
10.1
 
Employment Agreement between Daniel P. Reininga and Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc.9
 
10.2
 
Employment Agreement between Daniel P. Reininga and Lake Shore Savings Bank10
 
10.3
 
Amended and Restated Change of Control Agreement between Rachel A. Foley and Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc.8
 
10.4
 
Amended and Restated Severance Pay Plan of Lake Shore Savings Bank6
 
10.5
 
1999 Executives Supplemental Benefit Plan1
 
10.6
 
Amended and Restated 2007 Executives Supplemental Benefit Plan4
 
10.7
 
1999 Directors Supplemental Benefit Plan1
 
10.8
 
Amended and Restated 2007 Directors Supplemental Benefit Plan4
 
10.9
 
Form of Employee Stock Ownership Plan of Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. amended and restated effective January 1, 201011
 
10.10
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. 2006 Stock Option Plan3
 
10.11
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. 2006 Recognition and Retention Plan3
 
 
67

 
 
 
101.INS
 
XBRL Instance Document12
 
101.SCH
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document12
 
101.CAL
 
XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document12
 
101.DEF
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document12
 
101.LAB
 
XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document12
 
101.PRE
 
XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document12
  __________________________________
 
*
 
Filed herewith.
       
 
1
 
Incorporated herein by reference to the Exhibits to the Registration Statement on Form S-1, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 4, 2005 (Registration No. 333-129439).
       
 
2
 
Incorporated herein by reference to the Exhibits to Amendment No. 2 to the Registration Statement on Form S-1/A, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 8, 2006 (Registration No. 333-129439).
       
 
3
 
Incorporated herein by reference to the Proxy Statement for our October 24, 2006 special meeting of shareholders filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 7, 2006.
       
 
4
 
Incorporated herein by reference to the Exhibits to Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 31, 2007.
       
 
5
 
Incorporated herein by reference to the Exhibits to the Registration Statement on Form S-8, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 3, 2007 (Registration No. 333-141829).
       
 
6
 
Incorporated herein by reference to the Exhibits to Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 16, 2007.
       
 
7
 
Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 23, 2011.
       
 
8
 
Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 3, 2011.
       
 
9
 
Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 3, 2011.
       
 
10
 
Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 3, 2011.
       
 
11
 
Incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to Form 10-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 31, 2011.
       
 
12
 
 As provided in Rule 406T of Regulation S-T, this information is furnished and not filed for purposes of Sections 11 and 12 of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
 
 
68

 
 
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, on March 30, 2012.

 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc.
     
 
By:
/s/ Daniel P. Reininga
 
 
Daniel P. Reininga
 
 
President and Chief Executive Officer
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and any rules and regulations promulgated there under, this Annual Report on Form 10-K, has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Name
 
Title
 
Date
         
/s/ Susan C. Ballard
 
Director
 
March 30, 2012
Susan C. Ballard
       
         
/s/ Tracy S. Bennett
 
Director
 
March 30, 2012
Tracy S. Bennett
       
         
/s/ Sharon E. Brautigam
 
Director
 
March 30, 2012
Sharon E. Brautigam
       
         
/s/ Michael E. Brunecz
 
Chairman of the Board
 
March 30, 2012
Michael E. Brunecz
       
         
/s/ Reginald S. Corsi
 
Director
 
March 30, 2012
Reginald S. Corsi
       
         
/s/ James P. Foley, DDS
 
Director
 
March 30, 2012
James P. Foley, DDS
       
         
/s/ David C. Mancuso
 
Director
 
March 30, 2012
David C. Mancuso
       
         
/s/ Daniel P. Reininga
 
President, Chief Executive Officer and
 
March 30, 2012
Daniel P. Reininga
 
Director (principal executive officer)
   
         
/s/ Kevin M. Sanvidge
 
Director
 
March 30, 2012
Kevin M. Sanvidge
       
         
/s/ Gary W. Winger
 
Vice Chairman of the Board
 
March 30, 2012
Gary W. Winger
       
         
 /s/ Nancy L. Yocum
 
Director
 
 March 30, 2012
Nancy L. Yocum
       
         
/s/ Rachel A. Foley
 
Chief Financial Officer (principal
 
March 30, 2012
Rachel A. Foley
 
accounting and financial officer)
   
 
 
69

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Table of Contents


 
F-1

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary



Board of Directors and Stockholders
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated statements of financial condition of Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and subsidiary (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the related consolidated statements of income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2011. The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audits included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and subsidiary as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2011, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

/s/ ParenteBeard LLC

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
March 30, 2012
 
 
F-2

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary


   
December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
            (Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
 
Assets
           
Cash and due from banks
  $ 7,031     $ 6,457  
Interest earning deposits
    5,402       16,351  
Federal funds sold
    11,271       10,706  
                 
Cash and Cash Equivalents
    23,704       33,514  
                 
Securities available for sale
    164,165       153,924  
Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost
    2,219       2,401  
Loans receivable, net of allowance for loan losses 2011 $1,366; 2010 $953
    275,068       263,031  
Premises and equipment, net
    8,530       8,966  
Accrued interest receivable
    1,919       1,801  
Bank owned life insurance
    11,376       11,119  
Other assets
    1,616       4,291  
                 
Total Assets
  $ 488,597     $ 479,047  
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
               
Liabilities
               
Deposits:
               
Interest bearing
  $ 352,369     $ 352,799  
Non-interest bearing
    27,429       22,986  
                 
Total Deposits
    379,798       375,785  
                 
Short-term borrowings
    6,910       5,000  
Long-term debt
    27,230       34,160  
Advances from borrowers for taxes and insurance
    3,148       3,027  
Other liabilities
    7,564       5,865  
                 
Total Liabilities
    424,650       423,837  
                 
Commitments and Contingencies
               
                 
Stockholders’ Equity
               
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share, 25,000,000 shares authorized; 6,612,500 shares issued and 5,939,132 shares outstanding at December 31, 2011 and 6,612,500 shares issued and 5,957,082 shares outstanding at December 31, 2010
    66       66  
Additional paid-in capital
    27,987       27,920  
Treasury stock, at cost (673,368 shares at December 31, 2011 and 655,418 shares at December 31, 2010)
    (6,260 )     (6,091 )
Unearned shares held by ESOP
    (2,046 )     (2,132 )
Unearned shares held by RRP
    (606 )     (757 )
Retained earnings
    39,770       36,737  
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
    5,036       (533 )
                 
Total Stockholders’ Equity
    63,947       55,210  
                 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
  $ 488,597     $ 479,047  
 
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
 
F-3

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

 

   
Years Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
   
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
 
Interest Income
                 
Loans, including fees
  $ 14,426     $ 13,948     $ 14,058  
Investment securities, taxable
    4,421       4,599       4,720  
Investment securities, tax-exempt
    1,886       1,323       813  
Other
    32       56       102  
Total Interest Income
    20,765       19,926       19,693  
                         
Interest Expense
                       
Deposits
    4,584       4,774       6,045  
Short-term borrowings
    24       18       47  
Long-term debt
    917       1,410       1,721  
Other
    111       114       116  
Total Interest Expense
    5,636       6,316       7,929  
                         
Net Interest Income
    15,129       13,610       11,764  
                         
Provision for loan losses
    415       2,115       265  
                         
Net Interest Income after Provision for Loan Losses
    14,714       11,495       11,499  
                         
Non-interest income
                       
                         
Service charges and fees
    1,708       1,868       2,001  
Earnings on bank owned life insurance
    257       277       276  
Gain on sale of securities available for sale
    31       1,057       -  
Recovery on previously impaired investment securities
    57       142       -  
Impairment charge on equity investment in unconsolidated entity
    (500 )     -       -  
Gain on sale of loans
    -       -       32  
Other
    113       110       106  
Total Non-Interest Income
    1,666       3,454       2,415  
                         
Non-interest expenses
                       
Salaries and employee benefits
    5,895       6,100       5,493  
Occupancy and equipment
    1,777       1,650       1,403  
Professional services
    1,103       1,092       1,228  
Data processing
    580       562       513  
Advertising
    353       419       360  
FDIC Insurance
    319       502       675  
Postage and Supplies
    255       273       267  
Other
    1,025       935       1,096  
Total Non-Interest Expenses
    11,307       11,533       11,035  
                         
Income before Income Taxes
    5,073       3,416       2,879  
                         
Income taxes Expense
    1,393       373       718  
                         
Net Income
  $ 3,680     $ 3,043     $ 2,161  
                         
Basic and diluted earnings per common share
  $ 0.65     $ 0.53     $ 0.37  
Dividends declared per share
  $ 0.28     $ 0.24     $ 0.20  
 
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
 
F-4

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary


Years Ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009

    
Common Stock
   
Additional Paid –in Capital
   
Treasury Stock
   
Unearned Shares held by ESOP
   
Unearned Shares held by RRP
   
Retained Earnings
   
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ( Loss )
   
Total
 
   
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
 
Balance January 1, 2009
  $ 66     $ 27,754     $ (3,748 )   $ (2,302 )   $ (1,190 )   $ 32,520     $ 1,128     $ 54,228  
Cumulative effect of adoption of revised ASC Topic 320 (net of $4 tax effect)
                                            8       (8 )     -  
Comprehensive income:
                                                               
Net income
    -       -       -       -       -       2,161       -       2,161  
Other comprehensive loss (net of tax)
    -       -       -       -       -       -       (131 )     (131 )
Total Comprehensive Income
                                                            2,030  
                                                                 
ESOP shares earned (7,935 shares)
    -       (29 )     -       85       -       -       -       56  
Stock based compensation
    -       148       -       -       -       -       -       148  
RRP shares earned (15,198 shares)
    -       (35 )     -       -       203       -       -       168  
Purchase of treasury stock, at cost (100,636 shares)
    -       -       (719 )     -       -       -       -       (719 )
Cash dividends declared ($0.20 per share)
    -       -       -       -       -       (465 )     -       (465 )
                                                                 
Balance December 31, 2009
  $ 66     $ 27,838     $ (4,467 )   $ (2,217 )   $ (987 )   $ 34,224     $ 989     $ 55,446  
Comprehensive income:
                                                               
Net income
    -       -       -       -       -       3,043       -       3,043  
Other comprehensive loss (net of tax)
    -       -       -       -       -       -       (1,522 )     (1,522 )
Total Comprehensive Income
                                                            1,521  
                                                                 
ESOP shares earned (7,935 shares)
    -       (21 )     -       85       -       -       -       64  
Stock based compensation
    -       149       -       -       -       -       -       149  
RRP shares earned (17,228 shares)
    -       (46 )     -       -       230       -       -       184  
Purchase of treasury stock, at cost (200,080 shares)
    -       -       (1,624 )     -       -       -       -       (1,624 )
Cash dividends declared ($0.24 per share)
    -       -       -       -       -       (530 )     -       (530 )
Balance December 31, 2010
  $ 66     $ 27,920     $ (6,091 )   $ (2,132 )   $ (757 )   $ 36,737     $ (533 )   $ 55,210  
 
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
 
F-5

 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary


Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity (continued)
Years Ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009

    
Common Stock
   
Additional Paid –in Capital
   
Treasury Stock
   
Unearned Shares held by ESOP
   
Unearned Shares held by RRP
   
Retained Earnings
   
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ( Loss )
   
Total
 
   
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
 
                                                 
Balance December 31, 2010
  $ 66     $ 27,920     $ (6,091 )   $ (2,132 )   $ (757 )   $ 36,737     $ (533 )   $ 55,210  
Comprehensive income:
                                                                 
Net income
    -       -       -       -       -       3,680       -       3,680  
Other comprehensive income (net of tax)
    -       -       -       -       -       -       5,569       5,569  
Total Comprehensive Income
                                                            9,249  
                                                                 
ESOP shares earned (7,935 shares)
    -       (5 )     -       86       -       -       -       81  
Stock based compensation
    -       107       -       -       -       -       -       107  
RRP shares earned (11,293 shares)
    -       (35 )     -       -       151       -       -       116  
Purchase of treasury stock, at cost (17,950 shares)
    -       -       (169 )     -       -       -       -       (169 )
Cash dividends declared ($0.28 per share)
    -       -       -       -       -       (647 )     -       (647 )
Balance December 31, 2011
  $ 66     $ 27,987     $ (6,260 )   $ (2,046 )   $ (606 )   $ 39,770     $ 5,036     $ 63,947  
 
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
 
F-6

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary


Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

   
Years Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
                 
Net Income
  $ 3,680     3,043     2,161  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                       
Net amortization (accretion) of investment securities
    124       -       (217 )
Amortization of deferred loan costs
    517       505       473  
Provision for loan losses
    415       2,115       265  
Impairment of equity investment in unconsolidated entity
    500       -       -  
Recovery on previously impaired available for sale securities
    (57 )     (142 )     -  
Net gain on sale of investment securities
    (31 )     (1,057 )     -  
Loss on sale of interest rate floor derivative product
    -       -       135  
Originations of loans held for sale
    (639 )     (243 )     (6,300 )
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale
    639       243       6,332  
Gain on sale of loans
    -       -       (32 )
Net loss (gain) on disposal of premises and equipment
    (3 )     -       1  
Depreciation and amortization
    655       602       545  
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
    (40 )     111       (317 )
Increase in bank owned life insurance, net
    (257 )     (277 )     (276 )
ESOP shares committed to be released
    81       64       56  
Prepayment of FDIC insurance premiums
    -       -       (1,402 )
Stock based compensation expense
    223       333       316  
(Increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable
    (118 )     (80 )     9  
(Increase) decrease in other assets
    942       (463 )     146  
Writedowns of foreclosed real estate
    54       6       167  
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities
    (533 )     139       485  
                         
Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities
    6,152       4,899       2,547  
                         
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
                       
Activity in available for sale securities:
                       
Sales
    4,673       10,776       -  
Maturities, prepayments and calls
    24,336       29,600       31,824  
Purchases
    (30,203 )     (77,203 )     (37,519 )
Purchases of Federal Home Loan Bank Stock
    (51 )     (354 )     (48 )
Redemptions of Federal Home Loan Bank Stock
    233       488       403  
Proceeds from sale of interest rate floor derivative product
    -       -       890  
Loan origination and principal collections, net
    (13,198 )     (6,719 )     (20,122 )
Proceeds from sale of foreclosed real estate
    166       247       228  
Additions to premises and equipment
    (216 )     (1,618 )     (301 )
                         
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities
    (14,260 )     (44,783 )     (24,645 )
                         
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
                       
Net increase in deposits
    4,013       57,371       25,166  
Net increase (decrease) in advances from borrowers for taxes and insurance
    121       (43 )     102  
Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowings
    1,910       (1,850 )     1,350  
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt
    4,100       9,300       4,050  
Repayment of long-term debt
    (11,030 )     (11,290 )     (14,360 )
Purchase of treasury stock
    (169 )     (1,624 )     (719 )
Cash dividends paid
    (647 )     (530 )     (465 )
                         
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Financing Activities
    (1,702 )     51,334       15,124  
                         
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents
    (9,810 )     11,450       (6,974 )
 
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
 
 
F-7

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary


Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (continued)

   
Years Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
                   
Cash and Cash Equivalents – Beginning
    33,514       22,064       29,038  
                         
Cash and Cash Equivalents – Ending
  $ 23,704     $ 33,514     $ 22,064  
Supplementary Cash Flows Information
                       
Interest paid
  $ 5,682     $ 6,322     $ 7,985  
Income taxes paid
  $ 1,176     $ 1,189     $ 764  
                         
Supplementary Schedule of Noncash Investing and Financing Activities
                       
Foreclosed real estate acquired in settlement of loans
  $ 252     $ 307     $ 708  
 
See notes to consolidated financial statements.

 
F-8

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary


Note 1 - Organization and Nature of Operations

Organization

Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. (the “Company”) and the parent mutual holding company, Lake Shore, MHC (the “MHC”) were formed on April 3, 2006 to serve as the stock holding companies for Lake Shore Savings Bank (the “Bank”) as part of the Bank’s conversion and reorganization from a New York State chartered mutual savings and loan association to the federal mutual holding company form of organization.

The MHC, whose activity is not included in these consolidated financial statements, held 3,636,875 shares, or 61.2% of the Company’s outstanding common stock as of December 31, 2011.

The Bank is engaged primarily in the business of retail banking in Erie and Chautauqua Counties of New York State. Its primary deposit products are savings and term certificate accounts and its primary lending products are residential mortgages.

Charter

Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and the parent mutual holding company, Lake Shore, MHC are federally chartered and, effective July 2011, regulated by the Federal Reserve Board. Lake Shore Savings Bank, subsidiary of Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc., is also federally chartered and, effective July 2011, regulated by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (the “OCC”). These changes in regulators from the Office of Thrift Supervision (OTS) are due to the passage of the Dodd-Frank Act.

Under proposed Dodd-Frank Act rules, the MHC will continue to be permitted to waive the receipt of dividends paid by the Company without causing dilution to the ownership interest of the Company’s minority stockholders in the event of a conversion of the MHC to stock form, as long as it obtains approval from the Federal Reserve Board and a majority of the MHC ownership (i.e., the Bank’s depositors). The waiving of dividends by the MHC will increase Company resources available for stock repurchases, payment of dividends to minority stockholders, and investments. As of December 31, 2011, the MHC elected to waive its right to receive cash dividends of approximately $3.9 million on a cumulative basis. The dividends waived by the MHC are considered a restriction on the retained earnings of the Company.

Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and the Bank. All material inter-company accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”).

Use of Estimates

To prepare these consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP, management of the Company made a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities, the reporting of revenue and expenses and notes to the consolidated financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for loan losses, securities valuation estimates, evaluation of impairment of securities, income taxes and deferred compensation liabilities.

 
F-9

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, amounts due from banks, interest earning deposits and federal funds which are generally sold for one to three-day periods.

Investment Securities

All investment securities are classified as available for sale and are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses, net of the related deferred income tax effect, excluded from earnings and reported as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income until realized. Realized gains and losses are determined using the specific identification method.

Declines in the fair value of available for sale securities are evaluated for other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) on a quarterly basis. Impairment is assessed at the individual security level. An investment security is subject to a review for OTTI, if the fair value of the security is less than its cost or amortized cost basis by more than 20%, as stated in Company’s internal policy. The Company’s OTTI evaluation process is performed in a consistent and systematic manner and includes an evaluation of all available evidence. Documentation of the process is as extensive as necessary to support a conclusion as to whether a decline in fair value below cost or amortized cost is other-than-temporary and includes documentation supporting both observable and unobservable inputs and a rationale for conclusions reached. This process considers factors such as the severity, length of time and anticipated recovery period of the impairment, recent events specific to the issuer, including investment downgrades by rating agencies and economic conditions of its industry, and the issuer’s financial condition, capital strength and near-term prospects. The Company also considers its intent and ability to retain the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for a recovery in fair value, or until maturity. Among the factors that are considered in determining the Company’s intent and ability to retain the security is a review of its capital adequacy, interest rate risk position and liquidity. The assessment of a security’s ability to recover any decline in fair value, the ability of the issuer to meet contractual obligations, and the Company’s intent and ability to retain the security require considerable judgment.

All securities are reviewed for OTTI under the guidance of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 320, “Investments - Debt and Equity Securities” (“ASC 320”). The Company uses the cash flow expected to be realized from the security, which includes assumptions about interest rates, timing and severity of defaults, estimate of potential recoveries, and other factors, then applies a discounting rate equal to the effective yield of the security. When impairment of a debt security is considered other-than-temporary, the amount of the OTTI recorded as a loss within non-interest income and thereby recognized in earnings depends on whether the Company intends to sell the security or whether it is more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis. If the Company intends to (has decided to) sell the debt security or more likely than not will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, OTTI is recognized in earnings equal to the entire difference between the investment’s amortized cost basis and its fair value. If the Company does not intend to sell the debt security and it is not more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, OTTI is separated into the amount representing credit loss and the amount related to all other market factors. The amount related to credit loss is recognized against earnings. The amount related to other market factors is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of applicable taxes.

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock

Federal law requires a member institution of the Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) system to hold restricted stock of its district Federal Home Loan Bank according to a predetermined formula. The restricted stock is carried at cost.

 
F-10

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock (continued)

Management’s determination of whether these investments are impaired is based on their assessment of the ultimate recoverability of their cost rather than by recognizing temporary declines in value. The determination of whether a decline affects the ultimate recoverability of their cost is influenced by criteria such as (1) the significance of the decline in net assets of the FHLB as compared to the capital stock amount for the FHLB and the length of time this situation has persisted, (2) commitments by the FHLB to make payments required by law or regulation and the level of such payments in relation to the operating performance of the FHLB, and (3) the impact of legislative and regulatory changes on institutions and, accordingly, on the customer base of the FHLB. The FHLB stock was not deemed to be impaired, and therefore no impairment charges were recorded during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009.

Derivative Instruments

The Company follows the FASB ASC Topic 815 “Derivatives and Hedging”(“ASC 815”). ASC 815 establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments and for hedging activities, which require that an entity recognize all derivatives as either assets or liabilities on a balance sheet and measure those instruments at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives must be recognized in earnings when they occur, unless the derivative qualifies as a hedge. If a derivative qualifies as a hedge, the Company can elect to use hedge accounting to eliminate or reduce income statement volatility that would arise from reporting changes in a derivative’s fair value in income. The Company does not currently hold derivative instruments or use hedge accounting.

Loans Receivable

The Company grants mortgage, commercial and consumer loans to customers. A substantial portion of the loan portfolio is represented by mortgage loans in western New York State. The ability of the Company’s debtors to honor their contracts is dependent upon the real estate and general economic conditions in this area.

Loans receivable that management has the intent and ability to hold until maturity or payoff are stated at their outstanding unpaid principal balances, net of an allowance for loan losses and any deferred fees and costs. Interest income is accrued on the unpaid principal balance. Loan origination fees and costs are deferred and recognized as an adjustment of the yield (interest income) of the related loans. The Company is generally amortizing these amounts over the contractual life of the loan.

The accrual of interest is generally discontinued when the contractual payment of principal or interest has become 90 days past due or management has serious doubts about further collectibility of principal or interest, even though the loan is currently performing. A loan may remain on accrual status if it is in the process of collection and is either guaranteed or well secured. When a loan is placed on nonaccrual status, unpaid interest credited to income is reversed in the current year. Interest received on nonaccrual loans generally is either applied against principal or reported as interest income, according to management’s judgment as to the collectibility of principal. Generally, loans are restored to accrual status when the obligation is brought current, has performed in accordance with the contractual terms for a reasonable period of time, and the ultimate collectibility of the total contractual principal and interest is no longer in doubt.

Allowance for Loan Losses

The allowance for loan losses is established through provisions for loan losses charged against income. Loans deemed to be uncollectible are charged against the allowance for loan losses, and subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance.

Management estimates the allowance for loan losses pursuant to FASB ASC Topic 450, “Contingencies” (“ASC 450”), and FASB ASC Topic 310, “Receivables” (“ASC 310”). Larger balance commercial and commercial real estate loans that are considered impaired as defined in ASC 310 are reviewed individually to assess the likelihood

 
F-11

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)

and severity of loss exposure. A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal and interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis. Factors considered by management in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Loans subject to individual review are, where appropriate, reserved for according to the present value of expected future cash flows available to repay the loan or the estimated fair value less estimated selling costs of the collateral, if the loan is collateral dependent. Commercial loans excluded from individual assessment, as well as smaller balance homogeneous loans, such as consumer, residential real estate and home equity loans, are evaluated for loss exposure under ASC 450 based upon historical loss rates for each of these categories of loans, adjusted for qualitative factors.

The Company records cash receipts on impaired loans that are non-performing as a reduction to principal before applying amounts to interest or late charges unless specifically directed by the Bankruptcy Court to apply payments otherwise. The Company continues to recognize interest income on impaired loans where there is no confirmed loss.

Loans may be periodically modified in a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) to make concessions to help a borrower remain current on the loan and/or to avoid foreclosure, in accordance with FASB Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2011-02, “Receivables (“Subtopic 310”): “A Creditor’s Determination of Whether a Restructuring is a Troubled Debt Restructuring” (“ASU 2011-02”). Generally, we do not forgive principal or interest on a loan or modify the interest rate on loans that are below market rates. When we modify loans in a TDR, we evaluate any possible impairment similar to other impaired loans. If we determine that the value of a modified loan is less than the recorded investment in the loan, impairment is recognized through a specific allowance estimate or charge-off to the allowance.

The allowance for loan losses is maintained at a level to provide for losses that are inherent within the loan portfolio. This evaluation is inherently subjective as it requires material estimates that may be susceptible to significant change, including the amounts and timing of future cash flows expected to be received on impaired loans.

The allowance consists of specific, general and unallocated components. The specific component relates to loans that are classified as either doubtful, substandard, loss or special mention. For such loans that are also classified as impaired, an allowance is established when the discounted cash flows (or collateral value or observable market price) of the impaired loan is lower than the carrying value for that loan. The general component covers non-classified loans and is based on historical loss experience adjusted for qualitative factors. An unallocated component is maintained to cover uncertainties that could affect management’s estimate of probable losses. The unallocated component of the allowance reflects the margin of imprecision inherent in the underlying assumptions used in the methodologies for estimating specific and general losses in the portfolio.

Premises and Equipment

Land is carried at cost. Buildings, improvements, furniture and equipment are carried at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is computed on the straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of assets (generally thirty-nine years for buildings and three to fifteen years for furniture and equipment). Leasehold improvements are amortized on the straight-line method over the lesser of the life of the improvements or the lease term. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred, while major improvements are capitalized and amortized to operating expense over the identified useful life.

 
F-12

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Transfers of Financial Assets

Transfers of financial assets are accounted for as sales, when control over the assets has been surrendered. Control over transferred assets is deemed to be surrendered when (1) the assets have been isolated from the Company, (2) the transferee obtains the right (free of conditions that constrain it from taking advantage of that right) to pledge or exchange the transferred assets, and (3) the Company does not maintain effective control over the transferred assets through an agreement to repurchase them before their maturity.

Foreclosed Real Estate

Foreclosed real estate consists of property acquired in settlement of loans which is carried at its fair value less estimated selling costs at the date of acquisition. Foreclosed real estate was $315,000 and $304,000 at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, and was included as a component of other assets. Proceeds from the sale of foreclosed real estate for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 were $166,000, $247,000, and $228,000, respectively. This resulted in a net gain on sale of $12,000 for the year ended December 31, 2011 and a net loss on sale of $7,000 and $39,000 for the years ended December 31, 2010 and December 31, 2009, respectively. Writedowns from cost to fair value less estimated selling costs which are recorded at the time of foreclosure or repossession are charged to the Allowance for Loan Losses. Subsequent writedowns to fair value net of estimated selling costs are recorded in non-interest expense along with direct operating expenses. Gains or losses not previously recognized, resulting from the sale of foreclosed assets are recognized in non-interest expense on the date of sale.

Bank Owned Life Insurance

The Company invests in bank owned life insurance (“BOLI”) as a source of funding for employee benefit expenses (see Note 12). BOLI involves the purchasing of life insurance by the Company on a chosen group of employees. The Company is the owner and beneficiary of the policies. This life insurance investment is carried at the cash surrender value of the underlying policies. Income from the increase in cash surrender value of the policies is included in non-interest income in the statements of income.

Advertising Costs

The Company follows the policy of charging the costs of advertising to expense as incurred. Total advertising expense for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 was $353,000, $419,000, and $360,000, respectively.

Income Taxes

The Company files a consolidated federal income tax return. The provision for federal and state income taxes is based on income reported on the consolidated financial statements, rather than the amounts reported on the respective income tax returns. Deferred taxes are recorded using the liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax basis. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

The Company makes certain estimates and judgments in determining income tax expense for financial statement purposes. These estimates and judgments are applied in the calculation of certain tax credits and in the calculation of deferred income tax expense or benefit associated with certain deferred tax assets and liabilities. Significant changes to these estimates may result in an increase or decrease to the Company’s tax provision in a subsequent period. The Company recognizes interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense.

The Company periodically reviews its tax positions and applies a “more likely than not” recognition threshold for all tax uncertainties. The amount recognized is the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized on examination. For tax positions not meeting the “more likely than not” test, no tax benefit is recorded.

 
F-13

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Employee Stock Ownership Plan (“ESOP”)

Compensation expense is recognized based on the current market price of shares committed to be released to employees. All shares released and committed to be released are deemed outstanding for purposes of earnings per share calculations. Dividends declared on all allocated shares held by the ESOP are charged to retained earnings. The value of unearned shares to be allocated to ESOP participants for future services not yet performed is reflected as a reduction of stockholders’ equity. Dividends declared on all unallocated shares held by the ESOP are reported as a reduction of debt.

Stock Compensation Plans

At December 31, 2011, the Company had stock-based employee and non-employee compensation plans, which are described more fully in Note 13. The Company accounts for these plans under FASB ASC Topic 718 “Compensation – Stock Compensation”. The Company accounts for the plans using a fair value-based method for valuing stock-based compensation, which measures compensation cost at the grant date based on the fair value of the award. Compensation is then recognized over the service period, which is usually the vesting period. The fair value of the stock option grants are estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes options-pricing model. Common shares awarded under the restricted stock plan are expensed based on the fair market value at the grant date. The stock option plan and restricted stock plan expenses are recognized in salaries and employee benefits expense on the consolidated statement of income.

Earnings per Common Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, less unallocated shares held by the Company’s ESOP and unvested shares held by the Company’s Recognition and Retention Plan (“RRP”), during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects unvested RRP shares and additional common shares that would have been outstanding if dilutive potential common shares had been issued, as well as any adjustment to income that would result from the assumed conversion. Potential common shares that may be issued by the Company relate solely to outstanding stock options and restricted stock awards, and are determined using the treasury stock method.

Off-Balance Sheet Credit Related Financial Instruments

In the ordinary course of business, the Company has entered into commitments to extend credit. Such commitments are recorded in the consolidated statement of financial condition when they are funded.

Other Comprehensive Income

Accounting principles generally require that recognized revenue, expenses, gains, and losses be included in net income. Although certain changes in assets and liabilities, such as unrealized gains and losses on available for sale securities and OTTI related to non-credit factors, are reported as a separate component of the stockholders’ equity section of the consolidated statement of financial condition, such items, along with net income, are components of other comprehensive income.

The components of other comprehensive income (loss) and related tax effects for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 are as follows:

 
F-14

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

Other Comprehensive Income (continued)
 
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Unrealized holding gains (losses) on securities available for sale
  $ 9,171     $ (1,284 )   $ (214 )
Reclassification adjustment related to:
                       
Net realized gains included in net income
    (31 )     (1,057 )     -  
Recovery on previously impaired available for sale securities
    (57 )     (142 )     -  
                         
Changes in Net Unrealized Gains (Losses)
    9,083       (2,483 )     (214 )
                         
Income tax benefit (expense)
    (3,514 )     961       83  
                         
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
  $ 5,569     $ (1,522 )   $ (131 )

 
Restrictions on Cash and Due from Banks

The Company is required to maintain reserve funds in cash or on deposit with the Federal Reserve Bank. The required reserve at December 31, 2011 and 2010 was $1,773,000 and $1,833,000, respectively.

Subsequent Events

The Company follows FASB ASC Topic 855, “Subsequent Events”, in accounting for and disclosure of events that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued. The Company evaluated events occurring subsequent to December 31, 2011 through the date the consolidated financial statements are being issued, and other than as set forth in Note 21, did not identify any subsequent events requiring disclosure pursuant to the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 855.

New Accounting Standards

In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-04, “Fair Value Measurement (“Subtopic 820”): “Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurements and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs” (“ASU 2011-04”). ASU 2011-04 will create common fair value measurement and disclosure requirements in U.S. GAAP and IFRSs. ASU 2011-04 will change the wording used to describe many of the requirements in U.S. GAAP for measuring fair value and for disclosing information about fair value measurements. For many of the requirements, the FASB does not intend for the amendments in ASU 2011-04 to result in a change to the application of the requirements in Subtopic 820. Some of the amendments clarify the application of existing fair value measurement requirements. Other amendments change a particular principal or requirement for measuring fair value or for disclosing information about fair value measurements. This update is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011 and is to be applied prospectively. Management does not expect the adoption of this update to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-05, “Comprehensive Income (“Subtopic 220”): “Presentation of Comprehensive Income” (“ASU 2011-05”). ASU 2011-05 provides an entity the option to present the total of comprehensive income, the components of net income, and the components of other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. In both choices, an entity is required to present each component of net income along with total net income, each component of other comprehensive income along with a total for other comprehensive income, and a total amount for comprehensive income. The amendments in ASU 2011-05 do not change the items that must be reported; how they are reported in other comprehensive income; or when an item of other comprehensive income must be
 
 
F-15

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 2 - Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (continued)

New Accounting Standards (continued)

reclassified to net income. The amendments do not affect how earnings per share is calculated or presented. ASU 2011-05 is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 31, 2011 and is to be applied retrospectively. However, in December, 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-12, “Deferral of the Effective Date to the Presentation of Reclassifications of Items Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income in Accounting Standards Update 2011-05” (“ASU 2011-12”), in response to stakeholder concerns regarding the operational ramifications of the presentation of these reclassifications for current and previous years. The FASB has deferred the implementation date of the reclassification portion of the ASU 2011-05 provision to allow time for further consideration. Management does not expect the adoption of this update to have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts in the 2010 and 2009 consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to conform with the 2011 presentation format. These reclassifications had no effect on net income.

Note 3 – Investment Securities

The amortized cost and fair value of securities are as follows:
 
   
December 31, 2011
 
   
Amortized
Cost
   
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
   
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
   
Fair
Value
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Securities Available for Sale:
                       
U.S. Treasury bonds
  $ 12,935     $ 2,143     $ -     $ 15,078  
Municipal bonds
    49,561       4,115       -       53,676  
Mortgage-backed securities:
                               
Collateralized mortgage obligations
- private label
    133       -       (4 )     129  
Collateralized mortgage obligations
- government sponsored entities
    59,669       1,127       (25 )     60,771  
Government National Mortgage Association
    3,141       208       -       3,349  
Federal National Mortgage Association
    19,612       958       -       20,570  
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
    5,246       520       -       5,766  
Asset-backed securities
- private label
    5,459       378       (1,205 )     4,632  
Asset-backed securities
-government sponsored entities
    173       16       -       189  
Equity securities
    22       -       (17 )     5  
                                 
    $ 155,951     $ 9,465     $ (1,251 )   $ 164,165  

 
F-16

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 3 – Investment Securities (continued)
 
   
December 31, 2010
 
   
Amortized
Cost
   
Gross
Unrealized
Gains
   
Gross
Unrealized
Losses
   
Fair
Value
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Securities Available for Sale:
                       
U.S. Treasury bonds
  $ 8,961     $ 170     $ (27 )   $ 9,104  
Municipal bonds
    47,995       292       (2,541 )     45,746  
Mortgage-backed securities:
                               
Collateralized mortgage obligations
- private label
    305       3       (4 )     304  
Collateralized mortgage obligations
- government sponsored entities
    71,864       1,726       (194 )     73,396  
Government National Mortgage Association
    2,461       1       (55 )     2,407  
Federal National Mortgage Association
    10,545       454       (133 )     10,866  
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
    5,817       390       -       6,207  
Asset-backed securities
- private label
    6,586       253       (1,189 )     5,650  
Asset-backed securities
- government sponsored entities
    237       -       -       237  
Equity securities
    22       -       (15 )     7  
                                 
    $ 154,793     $ 3,289     $ (4,158 )   $ 153,924  
 
All of our collateralized mortgage obligations, are backed by residential mortgages.

At December 31, 2011 and 2010, equity securities consisted of 22,368 shares of Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation common stock.

At December 31, 2011, thirty-two municipal bonds with a cost of $10.0 million and fair value of $11.2 million were pledged under a collateral agreement with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for liquidity borrowing. In addition at December 31, 2011, eleven municipal bonds with a cost of $4.1 million and fair value of $4.6 million were pledged as collateral for customer deposits in excess of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insurance limits. At December 31, 2010, twenty-nine municipal bonds with a cost of $9.6 million and fair value of $9.7 million were pledged under a collateral agreement with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York for liquidity borrowing. In addition, at December 31, 2010 nine municipal bonds with a cost and fair value of $3.4 million were pledged as collateral for customer deposits in excess of the FDIC insurance limits.

 
F-17

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 3 – Investment Securities (continued)

The following table sets forth the Company’s investment in securities available for sale with gross unrealized losses of less than twelve months and gross unrealized losses of twelve months or more and associated fair values as of the dates indicated:
 
   
Less than 12 Months
   
12 Months or More
   
Total
 
   
Fair
Value
   
Gross Unrealized Losses
   
Fair
Value
   
Gross Unrealized Losses
   
Fair
Value
   
Gross Unrealized Losses
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
December 31, 2011:
                                   
Mortgage-backed securities
  $ 6,982     $ (29 )   $ -     $ -     $ 6,982     $ (29 )
Asset-backed securities - private label
    -       -       3,846       (1,205 )     3,846       (1,205 )
Equity securities
    -       -       5       (17 )     5       (17 )
                                                 
    $ 6,982     $ (29 )   $ 3,851     $ (1,222 )   $ 10,833     $ (1,251 )
December 31, 2010:
                                               
U.S. Treasury bonds
  $ 2,049     $ (27 )   $ -     $ -     $ 2,049     $ (27 )
Municipal bonds
    34,806       (2,476 )     533       (65 )     35,339       (2,541 )
Mortgage-backed securities
    14,922       (382 )     183       (4 )     15,105       (386 )
Asset-backed securities - private label
    -       -       4,757       (1,189 )     4,757       (1,189 )
Equity securities
    7       (15 )     -       -       7       (15 )
                                                 
    $ 51,784     $ (2,900 )   $ 5,473     $ (1,258 )   $ 57,257     $ (4,158 )

The Company reviews investment securities on an ongoing basis for the presence of OTTI with formal reviews performed quarterly.

The Company determines whether the unrealized losses are other-than-temporary in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 320 “Investments – Debt and Equity Securities”. The evaluation is based upon factors such as the creditworthiness of the issuers/guarantors, the underlying collateral and the continuing performance of the securities.

Management also evaluates other facts and circumstances that may be indicative of an OTTI condition. This includes but is not limited to, an evaluation of the type of security, length of time and extent to which fair value has been less than cost, and near-term prospects of the issuer. The Company uses the cash flow expected to be realized from the security, which includes assumptions about interest rates, timing and severity of defaults, estimates of potential recoveries, the cash flow distribution from the provisions in the applicable bond indenture and other factors, then applies a discounting rate equal to the effective yield of the security. If the present value of the expected cash flows is less than the amortized book value it is considered a credit loss. The fair value of the security is determined using the same expected cash flows; the discount rate is a rate the Company determines from open market and other sources as appropriate for the security. The difference between the fair value and the credit loss is recognized in other comprehensive income, net of taxes.

At December 31, 2011 the Company’s investment portfolio included eight mortgage-backed securities in the less than twelve months category. The mortgage-backed securities were not evaluated further for OTTI as the unrealized losses on the individual securities were less than 20% of book value, which management deemed to be immaterial, and the credit ratings remained strong. The Company expects these securities to be repaid in full, with no losses realized. Management does not intend to sell these securities and it is more likely than not that it will not be required to sell these securities.

 
F-18

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 3 – Investment Securities (continued)

At December 31, 2011 the Company had one equity security and four private-label asset-backed securities in the unrealized loss of twelve months or more category. The company’s investment in equity securities is a requirement of its membership with the FHLMC. The equity securities were not evaluated further for OTTI, despite the percentage of unrealized losses, due to immateriality. One of the four private label securities in this category was not evaluated further for OTTI, as the unrealized loss was less than 20% of book value. The temporary impairment is due to declines in fair value resulting from changes in interest rates or increased credit/liquidity spreads since the security was purchased. The Company expects this security to be repaid in full, with no losses realized. Management does not intend to sell this security and it is more likely then not that it will not be required to sell this security.
 
The three remaining private label asset-backed securities in this category were subject to a formal OTTI review as the unrealized losses were greater than 20% of book value for the individual security, or the related credit ratings were below investment grade, or the Company’s analysis indicated a possible loss of principal. The following table provides additional information relating to these private label asset-backed securities as of December 31, 2011 (dollars in thousands):

                           
Delinquent %
 
Foreclosure/
 
Security
 
Book Value
   
Fair Value
   
Unrealized Loss
   
Lowest Rating
   
Over 60 days
 
Over 90 days
 
OREO /
Bankruptcy%
 
OREO%
1
  $ 2,000     $ 1,305     $ (695 )  
CC
    41.90 %   39.60 %   16.90 %   2.90 %
2
    1,343       1,017       (326 )    B-     37.00 %   35.00 %   16.00 %   2.60 %
3
    1,000       828       (172 )  
CCC
    22.70 %   21.00 %   13.30 %   0.40 %
 Total
  $ 4,343     $ 3,150     $ (1,193 )                                

The three private-label asset-backed securities listed above were evaluated for OTTI under the guidance of FASB ASC Topic 320. The Company believes the unrealized losses on these three private-label asset-backed securities occurred due to the current challenging economic environment, high unemployment rates, a continued decline in housing values in many areas of the country, and increased delinquency trends. It is possible that principal losses may be incurred on the tranches we hold in these specific securities. Management’s evaluation of the estimated discounted cash flows in comparison to the amortized book value did not reflect the need to record initial OTTI charges against earnings as of December 31, 2011 as the calculations of the estimated discounted cash flows did not show additional principal losses for these securities under various prepayment and default rate scenarios. Management also concluded that it does not intend to sell the securities and that it is not likely it will be required to sell the securities.

Management also completed an OTTI analysis for two private-label asset-backed securities, which did not have unrealized losses as of December 31, 2011. However, an impairment charge had been taken on these securities during 2008. Management reviewed key credit metrics for these securities, including delinquency rates, cumulative default rates, prepayment speeds, foreclosure rates, loan-to-values and credit support levels. Management’s calculation of the estimated discounted cash flows did not show additional principal losses for these securities under various prepayment and default rate scenarios. As a result of the stress tests that were performed, management concluded that additional OTTI charges were not required as of December 31, 2011 on these securities. Management also concluded that it does not intend to sell the securities and that it is not likely it will be required to sell these securities.

The unrealized losses shown in the above table, were recorded as a component of other comprehensive income, net of tax, on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity.

The following table presents a summary of the credit related OTTI charges recognized as components of earnings:

 
F-19

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 3 – Investment Securities (continued)
 
   
For the year ended
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Beginning balance
  $ 1,176     $ 1,922  
Reductions:
               
Realized loss on sale of security
    -       (457 )
Losses realized during the period on OTTI previously recognized
    (35 )     (147 )
Receipt of cash flows on previously recorded OTTI
    (57 )     (142 )
Ending balance
  $ 1,084     $ 1,176  

During the year ended December 31, 2010, management sold one private-label asset-backed security on which a credit related OTTI charge of $457,000 had been previously recorded. At the time of sale, an additional realized loss of $108,000 was recognized and recorded in the non-interest income section on the Consolidated Statements of Income.

Further deterioration in credit quality and/or a continuation of the current imbalances in liquidity that exist in the marketplace might adversely affect the fair values of the Company’s investment portfolio and may increase the potential that certain unrealized losses will be designated as other than temporary and that the Company may incur additional write-downs in future periods.

Scheduled contractual maturities of available for sale securities are as follows:
 
   
Amortized
Cost
   
Fair
Value
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
December 31, 2011
           
After five years through ten years
  $ 16,596     $ 18,777  
After ten years
    45,900       49,977  
Mortgage-backed securities
    87,801       90,585  
Asset-backed securities
    5,632       4,821  
Equity securities
    22       5  
    $ 155,951     $ 164,165  
 
The Company sold available for sale securities during the year ended December 31, 2011, for total proceeds of $4.7 million, resulting in gross realized gains of $115,000 and gross realized losses of $84,000.

The Company sold available for sale securitites during the year ended December 31, 2010, for total proceeds of $10.8 million, resulting in gross realized gains of $1.4 million and gross realized losses of $324,000.

 
F-20

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 4 - Loans Receivable

Loans receivable, net consists of the following:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Real estate loans:
           
Residential, one- to four-family
  $ 182,922     $ 183,929  
Home equity
    30,671       30,613  
Commercial
    44,776       33,782  
Construction
    519       616  
      258,888       248,940  
                 
Commercial loans
    12,911       10,360  
Consumer loans
    1,948       2,224  
                 
Total Loans
    273,747       261,524  
                 
Allowance for loan losses
    (1,366 )     (953 )
Net deferred loan costs
    2,687       2,460  
                 
Loans Receivable, Net
  $ 275,068     $ 263,031  

Residential real estate loans serviced for others by the Company totaled $13.5 million and $14.5 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
At December 31, 2011, there were approximately $130.4 million of one-to four-family residential real estate loans pledged as collateral for advances from the FHLB.

Most loans made by the Company are secured by borrowers’ personal or business assets. The Company considers a concentration of credit to a particular industry to exist when the aggregate credit exposure to a borrower or group of borrowers in that industry exceeds 25% of the Bank’s capital plus reserves or 10% of total loans. At December 31, 2011, no concentrations of credit to a particular industry existed as defined by these parameters.

The ability of the Company’s residential and consumer borrowers to honor their repayment commitments is generally dependent on the level of overall economic activity within the area they reside. Commercial borrowers’ ability to repay is generally dependent upon the general health of the economy. Substantially all of the Company’s loans are in western New York State and, accordingly, the ultimate collectability of a substantial portion of the loans are susceptible to changes in market conditions in this primary market area.

 
F-21

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 5 - Allowance for Loan Losses

Management segregates the loan portfolio into loan types and analyzes the risk level for each loan type when determining its allowance for loan losses. The loan types are as follows:

Real Estate Loans:

 
·
One-to Four-Family– are loans secured by first lien collateral on residential real estate primarily held in the Western New York region. These loans can be affected by economic conditions and the value of underlying properties. Western New York has not been impacted as severely as other parts of the country by fluctuating real estate prices. Furthermore, the Company has conservative underwriting standards and does not have any sub-prime loans in its loan portfolio.
     
 
·
Home Equity - are loans or lines of credit secured by second lien collateral on owner-occupied residential real estate primarily held in the Western New York area. These loans can also be affected by economic conditions and the values of underlying properties.
     
 
·
Commercial Real Estate – are loans used to finance the purchase of real property, which generally consists of developed real estate that is held as first lien collateral for the loan. These loans are secured by real estate properties that are primarily held in the Western New York region. Commercial real estate lending involves additional risks compared with one-to four-family residential lending, because payments on loans secured by commercial real estate properties are often dependent on the successful operation or management of the properties, and/or the collateral value of the commercial real estate securing the loan, and repayment of such loans may be subject to adverse conditions in the real estate market or economic conditions to a greater extent than one-to four-family residential mortgage loans. Also, commercial real estate loans typically involve large loan balances to single borrowers or groups of related borrowers.
     
 
·
Construction – are loans to finance the construction of either one-to four-family owner occupied homes or commercial real estate. At the end of the construction period, the loan automatically converts to either a conventional or commercial mortgage, as applicable. Risk of loss on a construction loan depends largely upon the accuracy of the initial estimate of the value of the property at completion compared to the estimated cost of construction.

Other Loans:

 
·
Commercial – includes business installment loans, lines of credit, and other commercial loans. Most of our commercial loans have variable interest rates tied to the prime rate, and are for terms generally not in excess of 10 years. Whenever possible, we collateralize these loans with a lien on business assets and equipment and require the personal guarantees from principals of the borrower. Commercial loans generally involve a higher degree of credit risk because the collateral underlying the loans may be in the form of intangible assets and/or inventory subject to market obsolescence. Commercial loans can also involve relatively large loan balances to a single borrower or groups of related borrowers, with the repayment of such loans typically dependent on the successful operation and income stream of the borrower. Such risks can be significantly affected by economic conditions.
     
 
·
Consumer – consist of loans secured by collateral such as an automobile or a deposit account, unsecured loans and lines of credit. Consumer loans tend to have a higher credit risk due to the loans being either unsecured or secured by rapidly depreciable assets. Furthermore, consumer loan payments are dependent on the borrower’s continuing financial stability, and therefore are more likely to be adversely affected by job loss, divorce, illness or personal bankruptcy.

The allowance for loan losses is a valuation account that reflects the Company’s evaluation of the losses inherent in its loan portfolio. In order to determine the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses, the Company estimates losses by loan type using historical loss factors, as well as other environmental factors, such as trends in loan volume and loan type, loan concentrations, changes in the experience, ability and depth of the lending management, and national and local economic conditions. The Company also reviews all loans on which the

 
F-22

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 5 - Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)

collectability of principal may not be reasonably assured, by reviewing payment status, financial conditions and estimated value of loan collateral. These loans are assigned an internal loan grade, and the Company assigns the amount of loss components to these classified loans based on loan grade.

An analysis of changes in the allowance for loan losses is as follows:

   
Years ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Balance, beginning
  $ 953     $ 1,564     $ 1,476  
Provision for loan losses
    415       2,115       265  
Charge-offs
    (62 )     (2,750 )     (266 )
Recoveries
    60       24       89  
Balance, ending
  $ 1,366     $ 953     $ 1,564  

The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for loan losses for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the distribution of the allowance for loan losses and loans receivable by loan portfolio class and impairment method as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:

   
Real Estate Loans
   
Other Loans
             
   
One-to Four-Family
   
Home Equity
   
Commercial
   
Construction
   
Commercial
   
Consumer
   
Unallocated
   
Total
 
December 31, 2011
    (Dollars in thousands)  
Allowance for Loan Losses:
                                               
Balance – January 1, 2011
  $ 407     $ 141     $ 278     $ 1     $ 104     $ 21     $ 1     $ 953  
Charge-offs
    -       (29 )     (15 )     -       (1 )     (17 )     -       (62 )
Recoveries
    4       -       52       -       -       4       -       60  
Provision
    30       13       207       (1 )     162       5       (1 )     415  
Balance – December 31, 2011
  $ 441     $ 125     $ 522     $ -     $ 265     $ 13     $ -     $ 1,366  
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment
  $ -     $ -     $ 8     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -       8  
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment
  $ 441     $ 125     $ 514     $ -     $ 265     $ 13     $ -     $ 1,358  
                                                                 
Gross Loans Receivable (1):
                                                               
Ending balance
  $ 182,922      $ 30,671     $ 44,776     $ 519     $ 12,911     $ 1,948     $ -     $ 273,747  
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment
  $ -     $ -     $ 133     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 133  
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment
  $ 182,922     $ 30,671     $ 44,643     $ 519     $ 12,911     $ 1,948     $ -     $ 273,614  

(1) Gross Loans Receivable does not include allowance for loan losses of $(1,366) or deferred loan costs of $2,687.

 
F-23

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 5 - Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)

   
Real Estate Loans
   
Other Loans
             
   
One-to Four-Family
   
Home Equity
   
Commercial
   
Construction
   
Commercial
   
Consumer
   
Unallocated
   
Total
 
December 31, 2010
                   
(Dollars in thousands)
                   
Allowance for Loan Losses:
                                               
Ending balance
  $ 407     $ 141     $ 278     $ 1     $ 104     $ 21     $ 1     $ 953  
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment
  $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -     $ -  
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment
  $ 407     $ 141     $ 278     $ 1     $ 104     $ 21     $ 1     $ 953  
                                                                 
Gross Loans Receivable (1):
                                                               
Ending balance
  $ 183,929     $ 30,613     $ 33,782     $ 616     $ 10,360     $ 2,224             $ 261,524  
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment
  $ -     $ -     $ 277     $ -     $ -     $ -             $ 277  
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment
  $ 183,929     $ 30,613     $ 33,505     $ 616     $ 10,360     $ 2,224             $ 261,247  

(1) Gross Loans Receivable does not include allowance for loan losses of $(953) or deferred loan costs of $2,460.

Although the allocations noted above are by loan type, the allowance for loan losses is general in nature and is available to offset losses from any loan in the Company’s portfolio.

A loan is considered impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will not be able to collect the scheduled payments of principal and interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered in determining impairment include payment status, collateral value and the probability of collecting scheduled payments when due. Impairment is measured on a loan-by-loan basis for commercial real estate loans and commercial loans. Larger groups of smaller balance homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated for impairment. Accordingly, the Company does not separately identify individual consumer, home equity, or one-to four-family loans for impairment disclosure, unless they are subject to a troubled debt restructuring.

 
F-24

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 5 - Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)

The following is a summary of information pertaining to impaired loans for the periods indicated:
 
   
Recorded
Investment
   
Unpaid
Principal
Balance
   
Related
Allowance
   
Average
Recorded
Investment
   
Interest
Income
Recognized
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
   
At December 31, 2011
   
For the year ended
December 31, 2011
 
With no related allowance recorded:
                             
Commercial real estate
  $ -     $ -     $ -     $ 131     $ 14  
With an allowance recorded:
                                       
Commercial real estate
    133       133       8       245       16  
Total
  $ 133     $ 133     $ 8     $ 376     $ 30  
 
   
At December 31, 2010
   
For the year ended
December 31, 2010
 
With no related allowance recorded:
                                       
Commercial real estate
  $ 277     $ 277     $ -     $ 211     $ 5  
With an allowance recorded:
                                       
Commercial real estate
    -       -       -       1,566       56  
Commercial loans
    -       -       -       147       8  
Total
  $ 277     $ 277     $ -     $ 1,924     $ 69  
 
 
F-25

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 5 - Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)

The following table provides an analysis of past due loans as of dates indicated:

   
30-59 Days
Past Due
   
60-89 Days
Past Due
   
90 Days or
More Past
Due
   
Total Past
Due
   
Current
   
Total Loans
Receivable
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
December 31, 2011:
                                   
Real Estate Loans:
                                   
Residential, One-to Four-Family
  $ 949     $ 608     $ 1,989     $ 3,546     $ 179,376     $ 182,922  
Home equity
    403       51       157       611       30,060       30,671  
Commercial
    890       39       228       1,157       43,619       44,776  
Construction
    -       -       -       -       519       519  
Other Loans:
                                               
Commercial
    41       3       159       203       12,708       12,911  
Consumer
    58       4       28       90       1,858       1,948  
Total
  $ 2,341     $ 705     $ 2,561     $ 5,607     $ 268,140     $ 273,747  
                                                 
December 31, 2010:
                                               
Real Estate Loans:
                                               
Residential, One-to Four-Family
  $ 1,435     $ 713     $ 1,490     $ 3,638     $ 180,291     $ 183,929  
Home equity
    188       116       135       439       30,174       30,613  
Commercial
    45       -       413       458       33,324       33,782  
Construction
    -       -       -       -       616       616  
Other Loans:
                                               
Commercial
    300       -       27       327       10,033       10,360  
Consumer
    13       13       70       96       2,128       2,224  
Total
  $ 1,981     $ 842     $ 2,135     $ 4,958     $ 256,566     $ 261,524  

 
F-26

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 5 - Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)

The following table is a summary of nonaccrual loans and accruing loans delinquent 90 days or more by loan class for the dates indicated:
 
   
At December 31,
2011
   
At December 31,
2010
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Loans past due 90 days or more but still accruing:
           
Real Estate Loans:
           
Residential, One-to Four-Family
  $ 328     $ 391  
Home equity
    21       39  
Commercial
    -       43  
Construction
    -       -  
Other loans:
               
Commercial
    87       -  
Consumer
    23       59  
Total
  $ 459     $ 532  
                 
Loans accounted for on a non-accrual basis:
               
Real Estate Loans:
               
Residential, One-to Four-Family
  $ 1,821     $ 1,279  
Home equity
    209       122  
Commercial
    228       370  
Construction
    -       -  
Other loans:
               
Commercial
    76       27  
Consumer
    5       11  
Total
  $ 2,339     $ 1,809  

The accrual of interest on loans is discontinued when, in management’s opinion, the borrower may be unable to meet payments as they become due. When interest accrual is discontinued, all unpaid accrued interest is reversed. Interest income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received. If ultimate collection of principal is in doubt, all cash receipts on impaired loans are applied to reduce the principal balance. Interest income not recognized on non-accrual loans during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 was $129,000, $98,000 and $44,000 respectively.

The Company’s policies provide for the classification of loans as follows:

 
·
Pass/Performing;
 
·
Watch/Special Mention – does not currently expose the Company to a sufficient degree of risk but does possess credit deficiencies or potential weaknesses deserving the Company’s close attention;
 
·
Substandard - has one or more defined weaknesses and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected;
 
·
Doubtful - has all the weaknesses inherent in substandard loans with the additional characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions and values questionable, and there is a high possibility of loss; and
 
·
Loss - loan is considered uncollectible and continuance as a loan of the Company is not warranted.

 
F-27

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 5 - Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)

The Company’s Asset Classification Committee is responsible for monitoring risk ratings and making changes as deemed appropriate. Each commercial loan is individually assigned a loan classification. The Company’s consumer loans, including residential one-to four-family loans and home equity loans, are not individually classified. Instead the Company uses the delinquency status as the credit quality indicator for consumer loans. Unless the loan is well secured and in the process of collection, all consumer loans that are more than 90 days past due are classified.

The following tables summarize the internal loan grades applied to the Company’s loan portfolio as of December 31, 2011 and 2010:


   
Pass/ Performing
   
Special Mention
   
Substandard
   
Doubtful
   
Loss
   
Total
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
December 31, 2011:
                                   
Real Estate Loans:
                                   
One-to Four-family
  $ 180,606     $ -     $ 1,991     $ 265     $ 60     $ 182,922  
Home equity
    30,270       -       401       -       -       30,671  
Commercial
    41,234       3,233       81       228       -       44,776  
Construction
    519       -       -       -       -       519  
Other Loans:
                                               
Commercial
    11,252       1,313       241       105       -       12,911  
Consumer
    1,940       -       8       -       -       1,948  
Total
  $ 265,821     $ 4,546     $ 2,722     $ 598     $ 60     $ 273,747  
                                                 
December 31, 2010:
                                               
Real Estate Loans:
                                               
One-to Four-family
  $ 181,631     $ -     $ 2,243     $ 55     $ -     $ 183,929  
Home equity
    30,336       -       248       -       29       30,613  
Commercial
    32,185       1,184       43       370       -       33,782  
Construction
    616       -       -       -       -       616  
Other Loans:
                                               
Commercial
    9,706       351       199       104       -       10,360  
Consumer
    2,203       -       15       6       -       2,224  
Total
  $ 256,677     $ 1,535     $ 2,748     $ 535     $ 29     $ 261,524  


Troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) occur when we grant borrowers concessions that we would not otherwise grant but for economic or legal reasons pertaining to the borrower’s financial difficulties. A concession is made when the terms of the loan modification are more favorable than the terms the borrower would have received in the current market under similar financial difficulties. These concessions may include, but are not limited to, modifications of the terms of the debt, the transfer of assets or the issuance of an equity interest by the borrower to satisfy all or part of the debt, or the substitution or addition of borrower(s). The Company identifies loans for potential TDRs primarily through direct communication with the borrower and evaluation of the borrower’s financial statements, revenue projections, tax returns and credit reports. Even if the borrower is not presently in

 
F-28

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 5 - Allowance for Loan Losses (continued)

default, management will consider the likelihood that cash flow shortages, adverse economic conditions, and negative trends may result in a payment default in the near future. Generally, we will not return a TDR to accrual status until the borrower has demonstrated the ability to make principal and interest payments under the restructured terms for at least six consecutive months.

For the year ended December 31, 2011, seventeen one-to four-family real estate loans with aggregate balances of $1.9 million were modified and not classified as TDRs and one home equity loan for $31,000 was modified and classified as a TDR. For the modified loans, not classified as TDRs, the interest rate was lowered due to the lower rate environment in order to maintain the customer lending relationship. The TDR home equity loan was modified due to the borrower’s financial difficulties, in which case past due post petition payments and attorney fees were capitalized as part of the loan balance, increasing the balance to $34,000 from $31,000, and the loan term was extended by 8 years with no change in interest rate. This loan was classified as a substandard loan with no specific reserve established and was 60 days past due under the modified terms at December 31, 2011.

Note 6 - Premises and Equipment

Premises and equipment consist of the following:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
       
Land
  $ 993     $ 993  
Buildings and improvements
    9,654       9,576  
Furniture and equipment
    4,252       4,160  
      14,899       14,729  
Accumulated depreciation
    (6,369 )     (5,763 )
    $ 8,530     $ 8,966  

Depreciation and amortization of premises and equipment amounted to $655,000, $602,000, and $545,000 for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, and is included in occupancy and equipment expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. During the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company retired assets, with total accumulated depreciation of $50,000 and $30,000, respectively.

Note 7 - Other Assets

As of December 31, 2011, included within other assets is a prepaid expense of $663,000, which represents the prepayment of FDIC quarterly risk based deposit insurance assessments. In November 2009, the FDIC announced it was requiring insured financial institutions to prepay their quarterly risk-based assessments for the fourth quarter of 2009, and for all of 2010, 2011, and 2012, on December 30, 2009, unless an exemption was obtained from the FDIC. Under this new rule, the Company accounted for the prepayment by recording the entire amount of the prepaid assessment as a prepaid expense (an asset) as of December 30, 2009, the date the payment was made. Subsequently, the Company has recorded an expense (charge to earnings) for the regular quarterly assessment and an offsetting credit to the prepaid assessment. This will continue until the asset is exhausted.

During 2011, an investment of $500,000 in common stock of an unconsolidated entity was included within other assets. Investment in this entity (a small, local payment processing company) was made during 2007 and 2008 and represented less than 5% of the outstanding equity interests of the entity. The Company accounted for this investment under the cost method of accounting as the Company is not considered to have significant influence over the operations of the entity and the cost method appropriately reflected the Company’s economic interest in the underlying investment. Under the cost method, there is no change to the cost basis unless there is an other than

 
F-29

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 7 - Other Assets (continued)

temporary decline in value. If the decline is determined to be other than temporary, the Company is required to write down the cost basis of the investment to a new cost basis that represents realizable value. During the fourth quarter of 2011, management concluded that there was substantial doubt about the ability of this entity to perform as expected in accordance with its original business plan by which the decision was made to invest in the company. This conclusion was reached through discussions with the entity’s owners and review of the entity’s operations and financial statements. Management determined that the entity’s cash flow and equity position was significantly limited by lack of capital or revenue, making it difficult to generate and solicit new business opportunities. Furthermore, during the fourth quarter of 2011, management noted a significant deterioration in the business prospects of the entity as certain deals, capital infusions, loans, grants or partnerships were not materializing as expected. The Company had never received any income distributions as a result of this investment. Based on this information, management concluded that an other than temporary decline in the value of the investment had occurred. As the fair market value of the investment could not be obtained, the Company recorded a $500,000 write-down for the entire amount of its investment. The write-down was accounted for as a loss and was included in non-interest income on the Consolidated Statement of Income. The entity is continuing its operations and management continues to be represented on the entity’s board of directors.

Note 8 - Deposits

Deposits consist of the following:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
Amount
   
Weighted
Average
Rate
   
Amount
   
Weighted
Average
Rate
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Demand deposits:
                       
Non-interest bearing
  $ 27,429       - %   $ 22,986       - %
Interest bearing
    40,649       0.12       41,971       0.17  
Money market accounts
    58,157       0.54       47,815       0.54  
Savings accounts
    33,676       0.15       32,126       0.26  
Time deposits
    219,887       1.81       230,887       2.00  
                                 
    $ 379,798       1.16 %   $ 375,785       1.34 %
 
Scheduled maturities of time deposits at December 31, 2011 were as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
2012
  $ 115,356  
2013
    18,239  
2014
    9,792  
2015
    49,575  
2016
    26,872  
Thereafter
    53  
    $ 219,887  


Time deposit accounts with balances of $100,000 or more amounted to $80.4 million and $79.6 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. As of October 2008, the FDIC temporarily increased the limits for FDIC insurance from $100,000 to $250,000 per depositor. In July 2010 the limits were permanently increased to $250,000 per depositor. Time deposit amounts with balances in excess of $250,000 amounted to $20.0 million and $19.4 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.
 
 
F-30

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 8 – Deposits (continued)

Interest expense on deposits was as follows:
 
   
Years Ended
December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Interest bearing checking accounts
  $ 65     $ 74     $ 71  
Money market accounts
    277       297       221  
Savings accounts
    68       83       86  
Time deposits
    4,174       4,320       5,667  
                         
    $ 4,584     $ 4,774     $ 6,045  
 
At December 31, 2011 and 2010, deposits of directors, executive officers and their affiliates totaled $3.5 million and $4.0 million, respectively.

Note 9 - Borrowings

At December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company had short-term borrowings from the Federal Home Loan Bank of New York (“FHLBNY”) of $6.9 million and $5.0 million, respectively. The short-term borrowings at December 31, 2011 had fixed rates of interest ranging from 0.31% to 0.33% and mature within one year. The weighted average interest rate was 0.32% and 0.40% as of December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

At December 31, 2011, the Company had written agreements with the FHLBNY which allowed us to borrow up to $130.4 million and was collateralized by a pledge of our residential, one-to four-family loans. At December 31, 2011, we had outstanding advances under this agreement of $34.1 million. At December 31, 2010, the Company had written agreements with the FHLBNY which allowed us to borrow up to $128.2 million and was collateralized by a pledge of our residential, one-to four-family loans. At December 31, 2010, we had outstanding advances under this agreement of $39.2 million.

On October 26, 2011, the Bank established a line of credit with M&T Bank for $7.0 million, of which $5.0 million is unsecured and the remaining $2.0 million is secured by a pledge of the Bank’s securities. The line of credit provides for overnight borrowings through the purchase of Fed Funds, at an interest rate equal to the Fed Funds rate plus 0.375%. At December 31, 2011, there were no balances outstanding on this line of credit.

Long-term debt from the FHLBNY and related contractural maturities consisted of the following:
 
       
Weighted Average Interest Rate At December 31,
   
Amount Outstanding At December 31,
 
 
Maturity
   
2011
   
2010
   
2011
   
2010
 
                   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
 
2011
      -       3.69 %   $ -     $ 11,030  
 
2012
      2.92 %     3.05 %     12,830       12,180  
 
2013
      2.45 %     2.95 %     8,300       6,250  
 
2014
      2.51 %     3.12 %     4,100       2,700  
 
2015
      3.12 %     3.12 %     1,500       1,500  
 
2016
      3.76 %     3.76 %     500       500  
          2.74 %     3.26 %   $ 27,230     $ 34,160  
 
 
F-31

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 10 - Lease Obligations

The Company is committed under several long-term operating leases which provide for minimum lease payments. Certain leases contain options for renewal. Total rental expense under these operating leases amounted to $138,000, $125,000, and $91,000 as of December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

The Company is also committed under two long-term capital lease agreements. One capital lease agreement had an outstanding balance of $227,000 and $253,000 at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively (included in other liabilities). This lease has a remaining term of 6 years at December 31, 2011. The outstanding balance of the remaining lease (included in other liabilities) at December 31, 2011 and 2010 was $1.0 million. The remaining term of this lease is 17 years. Assets related to the two capital leases are included in premises and equipment and consist of the cost of $1.5 million less accumulated depreciation of approximately $477,000 and $413,000 at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively.

Minimum future lease payments for the operating and capital leases at December 31, 2011 were as follows:
 
   
Operating
Leases
   
Capital
Leases
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
       
2012
  $ 139     $ 152  
2013
    136       158  
2014
    131       165  
2015
    99       165  
2016
    32       165  
Thereafter
    98       1,583  
                 
Total Minimum Lease Payments
  $ 635     $ 2,388  
                 
Less: Amounts representing interest
            (1,144 )
                 
Present value of minimum lease payments
          $ 1,244  

 
F-32

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 11- Income Taxes

The provision for income taxes expense consists of the following:
 
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Current:
                 
Federal
  $ 1,194     $ 227     $ 985  
State
    239       35       50  
Total Current
    1,433       262       1,035  
                         
Deferred:
                       
Federal
    (42 )     620       (331 )
State
    2       (509 )     14  
Total Deferred
    (40 )     111       (317 )
                         
Total Income Tax Expense
  $ 1,393     $ 373     $ 718  

A reconciliation of the statutory federal income tax at a rate of 34% to the income tax expense included in the statements of income is as follows:
 
   
Years Ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
                         
Federal income tax at statutory rate
    34.0 %     34.0 %     34.0 %
State tax, net of federal benefit
    3.1       (9.2 )     1.5  
Tax-exempt interest income
    (12.7 )     (13.3 )     (9.7 )
Deferred tax valuation allowance increase
    3.1       -       -  
Life insurance income
    (1.7 )     (2.8 )     (3.3 )
Other
    1.7       2.2       2.4  
Total Income Tax Expense
    27.5 %     10.9 %     24.9 %

 
F-33

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 11- Income Taxes (continued)

The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to significant portions of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Deferred tax assets:
           
Deferred compensation
  $ 1,461     $ 1,478  
Allowance for loan losses
    528       369  
Impairment charge on securities available for sale
    420       455  
Impairment of equity investment in unconsolidated entity
    193       -  
Unrealized losses on securities available for sale
    -       336  
Stock options granted
    112       94  
                 
Total Deferred Tax Assets
    2,714       2,732  
                 
Deferred tax liabilities:
               
Unrealized gains on securities available for sale
    (3,178 )     -  
Deferred loan origination costs
    (1,040 )     (952 )
Depreciation
    (529 )     (515 )
Other
    (6 )     (23 )
                 
Total Deferred Tax Liabilities
    (4,753 )     (1,490 )
                 
Deferred tax valuation allowance
    (193 )     -  
                 
Net Deferred Tax (Liability)/Asset
  $ (2,232 )   $ 1,242  

In assessing the ability of the Company to realize the benefit of the deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, availability of operating loss carry-backs, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. Based upon the level of historical taxable income, the opportunity for net operating loss carry-backs, and projections for future taxable income over the periods which deferred tax assets are deductible, management believes it is more likely than not the Company will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the benefits of these deductible differences at December 31, 2011, except for a valuation allowance of $193,000 on the deferred tax asset for the 2011 other than temporary impairment charge of $193,000. Management believes that the Company will not generate sufficient income of the appropriate character (i.e. capital gains) to utilize any of the deferred tax asset created by the 2011 other than temporary impairment charge.

Under prior federal law, tax bad debt reserves created prior to January 1, 1998 were subject to recapture into taxable income should the Company fail to meet certain qualifying asset and definition tests. The 1996 federal legislation eliminated these thrift related recapture rules. However, under current law, pre-1988 reserves remain subject to recapture should the Company make certain non-dividend distributions or cease to maintain a thrift or bank charter. Management has no intention of taking any such actions. At December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company’s total pre-1988 tax bad debt reserve was $2.2 million. This reserve reflects the cumulative effect of federal tax deductions by the Company for which no federal income tax provision has been made.

In previous years, if the Company satisfied certain definitional tests and other conditions for New York State income tax purposes, the Company was permitted to take special reserve method bad debt deductions. The

 
F-34

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 11- Income Taxes (continued)

deductible annual addition to the state reserve was computed using a specific formula based on the Company’s loss history (“Experience Method”) or a statutory percentage equal to 32% of the Company’s New York State taxable income. The Company used the percentage method in 2009 and prior years. In 2010, the bad debt deduction allowed under New York State bank franchise tax law was changed to conform to that allowed for Federal income tax purposes. Furthermore, the new tax law no longer required thrift institutions to recapture its New York tax bad debt reserves accumulated in prior years. As a result, the company reversed the deferred tax liability recognized in prior years, resulting in a one-time tax benefit of $399,000 during 2010, which is net of federal tax expense.

ASC 740 “Income Taxes” prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return, and also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. The Company recognized no adjustment for unrecognized income tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010. The Company’s policy is to recognize interest and penalties on unrecognized tax benefits in income taxes expense in the Consolidated Statements of Income.

The Company’s Federal and New York State tax returns, constituting the returns of the major taxing jurisdictions, are subject to examination by the taxing authorities for all open years as prescribed by applicable statute. No waivers have been executed that would extend the period subject to examination beyond the period prescribed by statute. As of December 31, 2011 there has been no material change in any uncertain tax position. The tax returns for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010 for the IRS remain subject to examination. The tax returns for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010 for New York State remain subject to examination.

Note 12 - Employee and Director Benefit Plans

The Company maintains a 401(k) savings plan covering employees who have completed three months of service and attained age 21. Participants may make contributions to the 401(k) Plan in the form of salary deferrals of up to 75% of their total compensation subject to certain IRS limitations. The plan consists of three components: 401(k), Profit Sharing and Safe Harbor. For the 401(k) component, the Company makes a matching contribution equal to 40% of the participant salary deferral, up to 6% of such employee’s compensation after one year of service. For the profit sharing component, the Company makes a discretionary contribution, up to 5.1% of an eligible employee’s salary, depending on years of service. Lastly, the Company contributes 3.4% of an eligible employee’s salary based on years of service, which is a discretionary contribution to the Safe Harbor component of the plan. The Company’s expense for all three components of the 401(k) plan for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 was $383,000, $358,000, and $313,000, respectively.

Effective October 1, 1999, the Company initiated a non-qualified Executive Supplemental Benefit Plan and a non-qualified Directors Supplemental Benefit Plan. Both plans are unfunded and provide a predefined annual benefit to be paid to executives and directors for fifteen years upon their retirement. Although the plans are unfunded, the Company has purchased bank owned life insurance for the purpose of funding the liability. The cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance amounted to $6.8 million and $6.6 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Annual benefits increase at a predetermined amount until the executive or director reaches a predetermined retirement age. Predefined benefits are 100% vested at all times and in the event of death, are guaranteed to continue at the full amount to their designated beneficiaries. The Company had a liability under such plans of $1.7 million and $1.8 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. This liability was recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated statement of financial condition and was calculated using an assumed discount rate of 6.17% in 2011 and 6.0% in 2010.

 
F-35

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 12 - Employee and Director Benefit Plans (continued)

Effective October 1, 2001, the Company initiated an additional non-qualified Executive Supplemental Benefit Plan and a non-qualified Director’s Supplemental Benefit Plan. On January 1, 2007, the Company amended and restated the 2001 plans and added one director to such plans. The Executive and Director plans are both unfunded and provide a predefined annual benefit to be paid to executives and directors for fifteen years upon their retirement. Under the Plan Agreement, the Company can set aside assets to fund the liability which will be subject to claims of the Company’s creditors upon liquidation of the Company. During the fourth quarter of 2006 the Company purchased bank owned life insurance for purposes of funding this liability. The cash surrender value of the bank owned life insurance amounted to $4.6 million and $4.5 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. Annual benefits increase at a predetermined amount until the executive or director reaches a predetermined retirement age. Vesting requirements are based on length of service and upon reaching the vesting requirements, the predefined benefits are guaranteed to continue at the full amounts to the designated beneficiaries in the event of death. The Company had a liability under such plans of $2.0 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. This liability was recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated statements of financial condition and was calculated using an assumed discount rate of 6.17% in 2011 and 6.0% in 2010.

The Company’s expense for the non-qualified Executive Supplemental Benefit Plans and non-qualified Directors Supplemental Benefit Plans for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 was $279,000, $423,000, and $442,000, respectively. The benefit plan expense decreased during the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010 as participants reached their retirement age and began receiving distributions.

Note 13 – Stock-based Compensation

As of December 31, 2011, the Company had three stock-based compensation plans, which are described below. The compensation cost that has been recorded under salary and benefits expense in the non-interest expense section of the consolidated statements of income for these plans was $304,000, $397,000 and $372,000 for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010, and 2009, respectively.

Stock Option Plan

The Company’s 2006 Stock Option Plan (the “Stock Option Plan”), which was approved by the Company’s shareholders, permits the grant of options to its employees and non-employee directors for up to 297,562 shares of common stock.

Both incentive stock options and non-qualified stock options may be granted under the Stock Option Plan. The exercise price of each option equals the market price of the Company’s stock on the date of grant and an option’s maximum term is ten years. The stock options generally vest over a five year period.

The fair value of stock option grants during the year ended December 31, 2010 was estimated on the date of the grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: dividend yield of 3.05%; expected volatility of 13.70%; risk-free interest rate of 3.65%; and expected life of 10 years. The fair value of the January 13, 2009 stock option grants was estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: dividend yield of 3.18%; expected volatility of 35.54%; risk-free interest rate of 2.296%; and expected life of 10 years.

 
F-36

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 13 – Stock-based Compensation (continued)

A summary of the status of the Stock Option Plan as of December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 is presented below:

    
December 31, 2011
 
December 31, 2010
 
December 31, 2009
   
Options
   
Exercise Price
 
Remaining Contractual Life
 
Options
   
Exercise Price
 
Remaining Contractual Life
 
Options
   
Exercise Price
 
Remaining Contractual Life
Oustanding at beginning of year
    249,455     $ 11.07         238,258     $ 11.22         219,289     $ 11.50    
Granted
    -                 17,773       7.88         18,969       8.01    
Forfeited
    (12,646 )     11.50         (6,576 )     8.01         -       -    
Outstanding at end of year
    236,809     $ 11.05  
5 years
    249,455     $ 11.07  
6 years
    238,258     $ 11.22  
7 years
                                                       
Options exerciseable at end of year
    216,140     $ 11.34  
5 years
    180,341     $ 11.43  
6 years
    133,807       11.50  
7 years
Fair value of options granted
                    $ 1.15               $ 2.33            

At December 31, 2011, stock options outstanding had an intrinsic value of $49,000 and 60,753 options remained available for grant under the stock option plan. Compensation expense amounted to $107,000 for the year ended December 31, 2011, $149,000 for the year ended December 31, 2010, and $148,000 for the year ended December 31, 2009. At December 31, 2011, $23,000 of unrecognized compensation cost related to stock options is expected to be recognized over a period of 24 to 36 months.

Recognition and Retention Plan

The Company’s 2006 Recognition and Retention Plan (“RRP”), which was approved by the Company’s shareholders, permits the grant of restricted stock awards (“Awards”) to employees and non-employee directors for up to 119,025 shares of common stock.

Awards vest at a rate of 20% per year. As of December 31, 2011, there were 66,370 shares vested or distributed to eligible participants under the RRP. Compensation expense related to the RRP amounted to $116,000 for the year ended December 31, 2011, $184,000 for the year ended December 31, 2010 and $168,000 for the year ended December 31, 2009. At December 31, 2011, $84,000 of unrecognized compensation cost related to the RRP is expected to be recognized in 24 to 36 months.

A summary of the status of unvested shares under the RRP for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 is as follows:
 
   
2011
   
Weighted Average Grant Price
   
2010
   
Weighted Average Grant Price
   
2009
   
Weighted Average Grant Price
 
Unvested shares outstanding at beginning of year
    31,546     $ 9.43       36,530     $ 10.55       39,804     $ 11.50  
Granted
    -       -       11,900       7.88       9,996       8.01  
Vested
    (11,292 )     10.24       (15,265 )     11.04       (13,270 )     11.50  
Forfeited
    (5,950 )     11.50       (1,619 )     8.01       -       -  
Unvested shares outstanding at end of year
    14,304     $ 7.92       31,546     $ 9.43       36,530     $ 10.55  

 
F-37

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 13 – Stock-based Compensation (continued)

Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP)

The Company established the ESOP for the benefit of eligible employees of the Company and the Bank. All Company and Bank employees meeting certain age and service requirements are eligible to participate in the ESOP. Participants’ benefits become fully vested after five years of service. The Company utilized $2.6 million of the proceeds of its 2006 stock offering to extend a loan to the ESOP and the ESOP used such proceeds to purchase 238,050 shares on the open market at an average price of $10.70 per share, plus commission expenses. As a result of the purchase of shares by the ESOP, total stockholders’ equity of the Company was reduced by $2.6 million. As of December 31, 2011, the balance of the loan to the ESOP was $2.0 million and the fair value of unallocated shares was $1.8 million. As of December 31, 2011, there were 47,610 allocated shares and 190,440 unallocated shares compared to 39,675 allocated shares and 198,375 unallocated shares at December 31, 2010 and 31,740 allocated shares and 206,310 unallocated shares at December 31, 2009. The ESOP compensation expense was $81,000 for the year ended December 31, 2011, $64,000 for the year ended December 31, 2010, and $56,000 for the year ended December 31, 2009, based on 7,935 shares earned in each of those years.

Note 14 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Management uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of the Company’s financial instruments; however, there are inherent weaknesses in any estimation technique. Therefore, for substantially all financial instruments, the fair value estimates herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts the Company could have realized in a sale transaction on the dates indicated. The estimated fair value amounts have been measured as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 and have not been re-evaluated or updated for purposes of these consolidated financial statements subsequent to those respective dates. As such, the estimated fair values of these financial instruments subsequent to the respective reporting dates may be different than the amounts reported here.

The measurement of fair value under FASB ASC Topic 820, “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures” establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation methods used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities measurements (Level 1) and the lowest priority to unobservable input measurements (Level 3). The three levels of the fair value hierarchy under FASB ASC Topic 820 are as follows:

Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability either directly or indirectly. These might include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (such as interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, credit risks, etc.) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by market data by correlation or other means.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs for determining the fair values of assets or liabilities that reflect an entity’s own assumptions about the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

An asset or liability’s level within the fair value hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.

For assets measured at fair value on a recurring and nonrecurring basis, the fair value measurements by level within the fair value hierarchy used at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010 are as follows:
 
 
F-38

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 14 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments (continued)
 
   
December 31, 2011
   
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
   
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
   
Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
                       
Securities available for sale:
                       
U.S. Treasury bonds
  $ 15,078     $ 15,078     $ -     $ -  
Municipal bonds
    53,676       -       53,676       -  
Mortgage-backed securities:
                               
Collateralized mortgage obligations - private label
    129       -       129       -  
Collateralized mortgage obligations - government sponsored entities
    60,771       -       60,771       -  
Government National Mortgage Association
    3,349       -       3,349       -  
Federal National Mortgage Association
    20,570       -       20,570       -  
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
    5,766       -       5,766       -  
Asset-backed securities:
                               
Private label
    4,632       -       696       3,936  
Government sponsored entities
    189       -       189       -  
Equity securities
    5       -       5       -  
Total
  $ 164,165     $ 15,078     $ 145,151     $ 3,936  
Measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:
                               
Impaired loans
  $ 125      $ -      $ -     $ 125  
Foreclosed real estate
    315       -       -       315  

 
F-39

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 14 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments (continued)
 
   
December 31, 2010
   
Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)
   
Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)
   
Significant Other Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Measured at fair value on a recurring basis:
                       
Securities available for sale:
                       
U.S. Treasury bonds
  $ 9,104     $ 9,104     $ -     $ -  
Municipal bonds
    45,746       -       45,746       -  
Mortgage-backed securities:
                               
Collateralized mortgage obligations - private label
    304       -       304       -  
Collateralized mortgage obligations - government sponsored entities
    73,396       -       73,396       -  
Government National Mortgage Association
    2,407       -       2,407       -  
Federal National Mortgage Association
    10,866       -       10,866       -  
Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
    6,207       -       6,207       -  
Asset-backed securities:
                               
Private label
    5,650       -       1,372       4,278  
Government sponsored entities
    237       -       237       -  
Equity securities
    7       -       7       -  
Total
  $ 153,924     $ 9,104     $ 140,542     $ 4,278  
Measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis:
                               
Foreclosed real estate
  $ 10      $ -      $ -     $ 10  

There were no reclassifications between the Level 1 and Level 2 categories for the year ended December 31, 2011.
 
 
F-40

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 14 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments (continued)

The following table presents a reconciliation of the securities available for sale measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the year ended December 31, 2011 and 2010:

   
2011
   
2010
 
       
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Beginning Balance
  $ 4,278     $ 5,316  
Total gains – realized/unrealized:
               
Included in earnings
    -       -  
Included in other comprehensive income/(loss)
    166       736  
Total losses – realized/unrealized:
               
Included in earnings
    -       (108 )
Included in other comprehensive income (loss)
    (75 )     -  
Purchases, issuances and settlements
    -       -  
Sales
    -       (543 )
Principal Paydowns
    (433 )     (1,123 )
Transfers to Level 3
    -       -  
                 
Ending Balance
  $ 3,936     $ 4,278  

Both observable and unobservable inputs may be used to determine the fair value of positions the Company has classified within the Level 3 category. As a result, any unrealized gains and losses for assets within the Level 3 category may include changes in fair value attributable to both observable (e.g., changes in market interest rates) and unobservable (e.g., changes in unobservable long-dated volatilities) inputs.

Fair value on impaired loans is based on either recent appraisals less estimated selling costs of related collateral or discounted cash flows based on current market conditions. As of December 31, 2011, impaired loans with a specific allowance had a gross carrying amount of $133,000 with a valuation allowance of $8,000, resulting in $8,000 additional provision for loan losses for the year ended December 31, 2011. As of December 31, 2010, there were no impaired loans with a specific reserve against them.

Foreclosed real estate consists of property acquired in settlement of loans which is carried at its fair value based on recent appraisals less estimated selling costs and which has been subsequently written down during the period. Fair value is based upon independent market prices or appraised value of the property. These assets are included in Level 3 fair value based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
 
 
F-41

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 14 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments (continued)

The carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments, whether carried at cost or fair value, are as follows:
 
   
December 31, 2011
   
December 31, 2010
 
   
Carrying Amount
   
Estimated Fair Value
   
Carrying Amount
   
Estimated Fair Value
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Financial assets:
                       
Cash and cash equivalents
  $ 23,704     $ 23,704     $ 33,514     $ 33,514  
Securities available for sale
    164,165       164,165       153,924       153,924  
Federal Home Loan Bank stock
    2,219       2,219       2,401       2,401  
Loans receivable
    275,068       278,647       263,031       262,441  
Accrued interest receivable
    1,919       1,919       1,801       1,801  
                                 
Financial liabilities:
                               
Deposits
    379,798       385,995       375,785       381,961  
Short-term borrowings
    6,910       6,910       5,000       5,000  
Long-term debt
    27,230       27,978       34,160       35,285  
Accrued interest payable
    80       80       126       126  
                                 
Off-balance-sheet financial instruments
    -       -       -       -  

The following valuation techniques were used to measure fair value of assets in the above table:

Cash and cash equivalents (carried at cost)

The carrying amount of cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value.

Securities available for sale (carried at fair value)

The fair value of securities available for sale are determined by obtaining quoted market prices on nationally recognized securities exchanges (Level 1) or matrix pricing (Level 2), which is a mathematical technique used widely in the industry to value debt securities without relying exclusively on quoted market prices for the specific securities, but rather by relying on the securities’ relationship to other benchmark quoted prices. The fair value measurements consider observable data that may include dealer quotes, market spreads, cash flows, the U.S. treasury yield curve, live trading levels, trade execution date, market consensus prepayment speeds, credit information and the security’s terms and conditions, among other things. Level 2 securities which are fixed income instruments that are not quoted on an exchange, but are traded in active markets, are valued using prices obtained from our custodian, who use third party data service providers. Securities available for sale measured within the Level 3 category consist of private label asset-backed securities. Due to the severe disruption in the credit markets during 2008 through 2011, trading activity in privately issued asset-backed securities was very limited. The markets for such securities were generally characterized by a sharp reduction to total cessation of non-agency asset-backed securities issuances, a significant reduction in trading volumes and extremely wide bid-ask spreads, all driven by the lack of market participants. Although estimated prices were generally obtained for such securities, the Company was significantly restricted in the level of market observable assumptions used in the valuation of its privately issued asset-backed securities portfolio. In addition to obtaining estimated prices from independent parties, the Company also performed internal modeling to estimate the fair value of private label asset-backed securities included in the Level 3 fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 using a methodology similar to that described in fair value measurement guidance under GAAP. The Company’s internal modeling techniques included discounting estimated bond-specific cash flows using assumptions of loan level cash flows, including estimates about the timing and amount of credit losses and prepayments. The Company used an implied discount rate of 12%-15%
 
 
F-42

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 14 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments (continued)

to determine the Level 3 fair value. In valuing investment securities at December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company considered the results of its modeling and the values provided by the independent parties, but relied predominantly on the latter.

Federal Home Loan Bank stock (carried at cost)

The carrying amount of Federal Home Loan Bank stock approximates fair value.

Loans Receivable (carried at cost)

The fair value of fixed-rate and variable rate performing loans is calculated by discounting scheduled cash flows through the estimated maturity using the current market origination rates. The estimate of maturity is based on the Company’s contractual cash flows adjusted for prepayment estimates based on current economic and lending conditions. Fair value for significant nonperforming loans is based on carrying value which does not exceed recent external appraisals of any underlying collateral.

Accrued Interest Receivable and Payable (carried at cost)

The carrying amount of accrued interest receivable and payable approximates fair value.

Deposits (carried at cost)

The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as savings, money market and checking is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of time deposits is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows at current rates of interest for similar deposits using market rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

Borrowings (carried at cost)

The fair value of long-term debt was calculated by discounting scheduled cash flows at current market rates of interest for similar borrowings through maturity of each instrument. The carrying amount of short term borrowings approximates fair value of such liability.

Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments (disclosed at cost)

Fair values of the Company’s off-balance sheet financial instruments (lending commitments) are based on fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account, the remaining terms of the agreements and the counterparties’ credit standing.

Note 15 - Regulatory Capital Requirements

Failure to meet minimum capital requirements can initiate certain mandatory and possible additional discretionary actions by regulators that, if undertaken, could have a direct material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Under capital adequacy guidelines and the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action, the Bank must meet specific capital guidelines that involve quantitative measures of the Bank’s assets, liabilities, and certain off-balance-sheet items as calculated under regulatory accounting practices. The Bank’s capital amounts and classifications are also subject to qualitative judgments by the regulators about components, risk-weightings and other factors.

 
F-43

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 15 - Regulatory Capital Requirements (continued)

Quantitative measures established by regulation to ensure capital adequacy require the Bank to maintain minimum amounts and ratios (set forth in the table below) of Total and Tier 1 capital to risk weighted assets, tangible equity to tangible assets and Tier 1 capital to adjusted total assets. As of December 31, 2011, the Bank meets all capital adequacy requirements to which it is subject.

The Company, as a savings and loan holding company, is not currently subject to formula based capital requirements at the holding company level. However, the Company is required by regulation to maintain adequate capital to support its business activities. Effective July 2011, the Federal Reserve Board became the regulator of the Company as a result of the Dodd-Frank Act. It is expected that the Federal Reserve Board will require holding companies to maintain certain regulatory capital levels in the future to serve as a source of strength to the Bank.

The most recent notification from the Federal banking agencies categorized the Bank as well capitalized under the regulatory framework for prompt corrective action. To be categorized as well capitalized, the Bank must maintain minimum ratios as set forth in the following table. There are no conditions or events since that notification that management believes have changed the Bank’s category.

The Bank’s actual capital amounts and ratios are presented in the following table:

   
 
Actual
   
For Capital
Adequacy Purposes
   
To be Well Capitalized under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
 
   
Amount
   
Ratio
   
Amount
   
Ratio
   
Amount
   
Ratio
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
As of December 31, 2011:
                                   
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
  $ 54,773       21.81 %   $ 20,094       8.0 %   $ 25,118       ≥10.0 %
Tier 1 capital (to adjusted total assets)
    53,420       11.18       ≥19,104       4.0       23,881       5.0  
Tangible equity (to tangible assets)
    53,420       11.18       ³7,164       >1.5       N/A       N/A  
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
    53,420       21.27       ³10,047       4.0       15,071       6.0  
                                                 
As of December 31, 2010:
                                               
Total capital (to risk-weighted assets)
  $ 49,862       20.44 %   $ 19,518       8.0 %   $ 24,397       10.0 %
Tier 1 capital (to adjusted total assets)
    48,915       10.28       19,031       4.0       23,789       5.0  
Tangible equity (to tangible assets)
    48,915       10.28       7,137       1.5       N/A       N/A  
Tier 1 capital (to risk-weighted assets)
    48,915       20.05       9,759       4.0       14,638       6.0  

 
F-44

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 15 - Regulatory Capital Requirements (continued)

Following is a reconciliation of Lake Shore Savings Bank’s consolidated GAAP capital to regulatory Tier 1 and Total capital at December 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010:

   
December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
GAAP (Equity) Capital
  $ 58,439     $ 48,329  
Plus:
               
Unrealized (gains) losses on available-for-sale securities, net of tax
    (5,019 )     586  
                 
Tier 1 Capital
    53,420       48,915  
Plus:
               
Allowance for loan losses (1)
    1,358       953  
Less:
               
Other investments required to be deducted
    5       6  
                 
Total Regulatory Capital
  $ 54,773     $ 49,862  

(1) Does not include specific reserve set aside for impaired loans as per regulatory capital requirements.

Note 16 – Earnings per Share

Earnings per share was calculated for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively. Basic earnings per share is based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding, exclusive of unearned shares held by the ESOP and unearned shares held by the RRP. Diluted earnings per share is based upon the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and common share equivalents that would arise from the exercise of dilutive securities. Stock options and unvested restricted stock are regarded as potential common stock and are considered in the diluted earnings per share calculations to the extent they would be dilutive and computed using the treasury stock method.

 
F-45

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 16 – Earnings per Share

The calculated basic and diluted earnings per share are as follows:

   
For the year ended December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
Numerator – net income
  $ 3,680,000     $ 3,043,000     $ 2,161,000  
Denominators:
                       
Basic weighted average shares outstanding
    5,692,316       5,783,196       5,898,170  
Increase in weighted average shares outstanding due to: (1)
                       
Stock Options
    4,221       -       -  
Unvested shares outstanding
    97       -       -  
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding
    5,696,634       5,783,196       5,898,170  
                         
Earnings per share:
                       
Basic
  $ 0.65     $ 0.53     $ 0.37  
Diluted
  $ 0.65     $ 0.53     $ 0.37  

 
(1)
Stock options to purchase 206,643 shares under the Stock Option Plan at $11.50 per share and restricted unvested shares of 3,246 under the RRP were outstanding during 2011, but were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive. Stock options to purchase 249,455 shares under the Stock Option Plan at $11.07 per share and restricted unvested shares of 27,655 under the RRP were outstanding during 2010, but were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive. Stock options to purchase 238,258 shares under the Stock Option Plan at $11.22 per share and restricted unvested shares of 34,602 under the RRP were outstanding during 2009, but were not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share because to do so would have been anti-dilutive.

Note 17 – Commitments To Extend Credit

The Company has commitments to extend credit with off-balance sheet risk in the normal course of business to meet the financing needs of its customers. Such commitments involve, to varying degrees, elements of credit and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in the consolidated statements of financial condition.

The Company’s exposure to credit loss is represented by the contractual amount of these commitments. The Company follows the same credit policies in making commitments as it does for on-balance sheet instruments.

The following commitments to extend credit were outstanding as of the dates specified:
 
   
Contract Amount
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
                 
Commitments to grant loans
  $ 3,984     $ 7,866  
Unfunded commitments under lines of credit
  $ 26,304     $ 27,065  

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses. The commitments for lines of credit may expire without being drawn upon. Therefore, the total

 
F-46

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 17 – Commitments To Extend Credit (continued)

commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The amount of collateral obtained, if it is deemed necessary by the Company, is based on management’s credit evaluation of the customer. At December 31, 2011 and 2010, the Company’s fixed rate loan commitments totaled $2.0 million and $5.5 million, respectively. The range of interest rates on these fixed rate commitments were 4.10% to 7.00% at December 31, 2011.

Note 18 – Parent Company Only Financial Information

Parent Company (Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc.) only condensed financial information is as follows:
 
Statements of Financial Condition
           
             
   
December 31,
   
December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Assets
           
Cash and due from banks
  $ 2,508     $ 2,467  
Securities available for sale
    864       1,726  
Investment in subsidiary
    58,439       48,329  
ESOP loans receivable
    2,046       2,132  
Other assets
    11       567  
Total assets
  $ 63,868     $ 55,221  
                 
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
               
Other liabilities
  $ (79 )   $ 11  
Total stockholders’ equity
    63,947       55,210  
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $ 63,868     $ 55,221  

Statements of Income
 
For the Year Ended
 
   
December 31,
 
   
2011
   
2010
   
2009
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Interest Income
  $ 226     $ 273     $ 306  
Dividend from Bank Subsidiary
    -       -       2,000  
Impairment of equity investment in unconsolidated entity
    (500 )     -       -  
Total Income (Loss)
    (274 )     273       2,306  
Non-Interest Expenses
    418       444       548  
                         
Income (loss) before income taxes and equity in undistributed net income of subsidiary
    (692 )     (171 )     1,758  
                         
Income tax benefit
    (100 )     (88 )     (111 )
Income (loss) before undistributed net income of subsidiary
    (592 )     (83 )     1,869  
Equity in undistributed net income of subsidiary
    4,272       3,126       292  
Net Income
  $ 3,680     $ 3,043     $ 2,161  

 
F-47

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 18 – Parent Company Only Financial Information (continued)
 
Statements of Cash Flows
 
2011
   
For the Year Ended December 31,
2010
   
2009
 
   
(Dollars in thousands)
 
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
                 
Net income
  $ 3,680     $ 3,043     $ 2,161  
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                       
Net (accretion) amortization of investment securities
    (9 )     (9 )     6  
Impairment of equity investment in unconsolidated entity
    500       -       -  
Depreciation and amortization
    -       -       2  
Deferred income tax expense (benefit)
    -       1       (1 )
ESOP shares committed to be released
    81       64       56  
Stock based compensation expense
    223       333       316  
Decrease in accrued interest receivable
    4       3       4  
Increase in other assets
    (155 )     (244 )     (375 )
Increase (decrease) in other liabilities
    (110 )     11       -  
Equity in undistributed earnings of subsidiary
    (4,272 )     (3,126 )     (292 )
Net Cash (Used In) Provided by Operating Activities
    (58 )     76       1,877  
                         
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
                       
Activity in available for sale securities:
                       
Maturities, prepayments and calls
    829       765       1,161  
Payments received on ESOP loan
    86       85       85  
Net Cash Provided by Investing Activities
    915       850       1,246  
                         
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
                       
Cash dividends paid
    (647 )     (530 )     (465 )
Purchase of treasury stock
    (169 )     (1,624 )     (719 )
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities
    (816 )     (2,154 )     (1,184 )
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents
    41       (1,228 )     1,939  
Cash and Cash Equivalents – Beginning
    2,467       3,695       1,756  
                         
Cash and Cash Equivalents – Ending
  $ 2,508     $ 2,467     $ 3,695  

 
F-48

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 19 – Quarterly Financial Data – Unaudited

   
Quarter Ended
 
   
December 31, 2011
   
September 30, 2011
   
June 30,
2011
   
March 31,
2011
 
   
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
Total interest income
  $ 5,202     $ 5,212     $ 5,221     $ 5,130  
Total interest expense
    1,336       1,384       1,413       1,503  
                                 
Net interest income
    3,866       3,828       3,808       3,627  
Provision for loan losses
    120       10       265       20  
                                 
Net interest income after provision for loan losses
    3,746       3,818       3,543       3,607  
                                 
Total non-interest income
    13       528       545       580  
                                 
Total non-interest expense
    2,694       2,778       2,833       3,002  
                                 
Income before income taxes
    1,065       1,568       1,255       1,185  
                                 
Income tax expense
    478       412       268       235  
                                 
Net Income
  $ 587     $ 1,156     $ 987     $ 950  
                                 
Basic and diluted earnings per share
  $ 0.10     $ 0.20     $ 0.17     $ 0.17  

   
Quarter Ended
 
   
December 31, 2010
   
September 30, 2010
   
June 30, 2010
   
March 31, 2010
 
   
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)
 
Total interest income
  $ 5,034     $ 4,946     $ 5,004     $ 4,942  
Total interest expense
    1,576       1,604       1,589       1,547  
                                 
Net interest income
    3,458       3,342       3,415       3,395  
Provision for loan losses
    140       1,725       200       50  
                                 
Net interest income after provision for loan losses
    3,318       1,617       3,215       3,345  
                                 
Total non-interest income
    695       1,632       581       546  
                                 
Total non-interest expense
    2,834       2,836       2,942       2,921  
                                 
Income before income taxes
    1,179       413       854       970  
                                 
Income tax expense (benefit)
    284       (365 )     205       249  
                                 
Net Income
  $ 895     $ 778     $ 649     $ 721  
                                 
Basic and diluted earnings per share
  $ 0.16     $ 0.13     $ 0.11     $ 0.12  

 
F-49

 
 
Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc. and Subsidiary

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
 
Note 20 – Treasury Stock

During the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company repurchased 17,950 shares of common stock at an average cost of $9.39 per share. Of these shares 15,000 were repurchased pursuant to the Company’s publicly announced common stock repurchase programs. The remaining 2,950 shares were repurchased from the trustee of the Company’s unvested RRP stock, when two awardees sold vested shares. As of December 31, 2011, there were 91,510 shares remaining to be repurchased under the existing stock repurchase program.

During the year ended December 31, 2010, the Company repurchased 200,080 shares of common stock at an average cost of $8.12 per share. Of these shares 197,640 were repurchased pursuant to the Company’s publicly announced common stock repurchase programs. The remaining 2,440 shares were repurchased from the trustee of the Company’s unvested RRP stock, when two awardees sold vested shares.

Note 21 – Subsequent Events

On January 25, 2012, the Board of Directors declared a quarterly dividend of $0.07 per share on the Company’s common stock, payable on February 22, 2012 to shareholders of record as of February 8, 2012. Lake Shore, MHC, which holds 3,636,875 shares, or approximately 61.2% of the Company’s total outstanding stock, elected to waive its right to receive cash dividends of approximately $254,000 for the three month period ended December 31, 2011 and $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2011. Cumulatively, Lake Shore, MHC has waived approximately $3.9 million of cash dividends as of December 31, 2011. The dividends waived by Lake Shore, MHC are considered a restriction on the retained earnings of the Company.

 
F-50