Northfield Bancorp, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2021 June (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2021

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For transition period from __________ to __________

Commission File Number: 001-35791

Northfield Bancorp, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware						80-0882592
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)						(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

581 Main Street,

Woodbridge,

New Jersey

07095

(Address of principal executive offices)

(Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (732) 499-7200

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol

Name of exchange on which registered

Common stock, par value $0.01 per share

NFBK

The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☒
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

As of July 31, 2021, the registrant had 50,805,455 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, issued and outstanding.

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Form 10-Q Quarterly Report

Table of Contents


		Page
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	4





Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	48
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	66
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	68

PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	69
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	69
Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	69
Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	69
Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	69
Item 5.	Other Information	69
Item 6.	Exhibits	70
	SIGNATURES	71

Table of Contents

PART I

ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited) (In thousands, except share amounts)


	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
ASSETS:
Cash and due from banks	$	18,681	$	16,115
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions	174,503		71,429
Total cash and cash equivalents	193,184		87,544
Trading securities	12,743		12,291
Debt securities available-for-sale, at estimated fair value (and no allowance for credit losses at June 30, 2021)	1,097,423		1,264,805
Debt securities held-to-maturity, at amortized cost	6,417		7,234
(estimated fair value of $6,703 at June 30, 2021, and $7,574 at December 31, 2020, and no allowance for credit losses at June 30, 2021)
Equity securities	219		253
Loans held-for-sale	—		19,895



Loans held-for-investment, net	3,817,273		3,823,238
Less: allowance for loan losses	(39,493)		(37,607)
Net loans held-for-investment	3,777,780		3,785,631
Accrued interest receivable	14,521		14,690
Bank-owned life insurance	163,628		161,924
Federal Home Loan Bank (“FHLB”) of New York stock, at cost	24,508		28,641
Operating lease right-of-use assets	34,574		36,741
Premises and equipment, net	27,268		28,188
Goodwill	41,012		41,320

Other assets	33,633		25,387
Total assets	$	5,426,910	$	5,514,544

LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
LIABILITIES:
Deposits	$	4,108,269	$	4,076,551
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase	50,000		75,000
FHLB advances and other borrowings	420,329		516,789
Operating lease liabilities	40,721		42,734
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance	24,203		19,677
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	30,178		29,812
Total liabilities	4,673,700		4,760,563

STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: 25,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding	—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 150,000,000 shares authorized, 64,770,875 shares issued at
June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, 50,843,651 and 52,209,897 outstanding at June 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively	648		648
Additional paid-in-capital	589,664		590,506
Unallocated common stock held by employee stock ownership plan	(18,040)		(18,529)
Retained earnings	361,638		338,093
Accumulated other comprehensive income	10,455		13,160
Treasury stock at cost: 13,927,224 and 12,560,978 shares at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively	(191,155)		(169,897)
Total stockholders’ equity	753,210		753,981
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	5,426,910	$	5,514,544

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited) (In thousands, except per share data)


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Interest income:
Loans	$	39,699	$	35,343	$	80,976	$	70,680
Mortgage-backed securities	2,682		4,304		5,641		9,926
Other securities	484		777		908		1,801
FHLB of New York dividends	336		456		706		1,033
Deposits in other financial institutions	35		31		72		203
Total interest income	43,236		40,911		88,303		83,643
Interest expense:
Deposits	1,671		7,473		3,541		16,752
Borrowings	2,878		3,208		5,899		6,728
Total interest expense	4,549		10,681		9,440		23,480
Net interest income	38,687		30,230		78,863		60,163
(Credit) provision for loan losses	(3,701)		1,921		(6,075)		10,104
Net interest income after provision for loan losses	42,388		28,309		84,938		50,059
Non-interest income:
Fees and service charges for customer services	1,327		666		2,524		1,786
Income on bank-owned life insurance	857		865		1,705		1,741
Gains on available-for-sale debt securities, net	509		73		606		60
Gains (losses) on trading securities, net	807		1,626		1,171		(366)
Gains on sales of loans	1,401		665		1,401		665


Other	15		343		145		460
Total non-interest income	4,916		4,238		7,552		4,346
Non-interest expense:
Compensation and employee benefits	10,806		10,444		21,338		17,733
Occupancy	3,500		3,018		7,201		6,078
Furniture and equipment	442		349		879		682
Data processing	1,798		1,612		3,430		3,072
Professional fees	832		1,045		1,738		2,154
Advertising	684		343		1,149		1,161
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance	346		216		721		216
Other	1,463		828		2,978		2,441
Total non-interest expense	19,871		17,855		39,434		33,537
Income before income tax expense	27,433		14,692		53,056		20,868
Income tax expense	7,639		3,899		14,585		5,524
Net income	$	19,794	$	10,793	$	38,471	$	15,344
Net income per common share:
Basic	$	0.40	$	0.23	$	0.78	$	0.33
Diluted	$	0.40	$	0.23	$	0.78	$	0.33



See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents


NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC. CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME - (Continued) (Unaudited) (In thousands)

	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Net income	$	19,794	$	10,793	$	38,471	$	15,344
Other comprehensive income:
Unrealized (losses) gains on debt securities available-for-sale:
Net unrealized holding (losses) gains	(2,006)		5,603		(3,150)		13,913
Less: reclassification adjustment for net gains included in net income	(509)		(73)		(606)		(60)
Net unrealized (losses) gains	(2,515)		5,530		(3,756)		13,853



Income tax benefit (expense) related to net unrealized holding (losses) gains on debt securities available-for-sale	560		(1,568)		881		(3,894)
Income tax expense (benefit) related to reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net income	143		20		170		17


Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax	(1,812)		3,982		(2,705)		9,976
Comprehensive income	$	17,982	$	14,775	$	35,766	$	25,320

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited) (In thousands, except share data)



	Common Stock
	Shares Outstanding	Par Value		Additional Paid-in Capital		Unallocated Common Stock Held by the Employee Stock Ownership Plan		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss) Net of tax		Treasury Stock		Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance at March 31, 2020	49,291,928	$	609	$	547,712	$	(19,492)	$	321,981	$	10,693	$	(159,187)	$	702,316
Net income								10,793						10,793
Other comprehensive income, net of tax										3,982				3,982
ESOP shares allocated or committed to be released				79		248								327
Stock compensation expense				433										433
Restricted stock forfeitures	(19,837)			271								(271)		—

Cash dividends declared and paid ($0.11 per common share)								(5,168)						(5,168)
Repurchase of treasury stock (average cost of $12.24 per share)	(8,714)											(107)		(107)
Balance at June 30, 2020	49,263,377	$	609	$	548,495	$	(19,244)	$	327,606	$	14,675	$	(159,565)	$	712,576

Balance at March 31, 2021	51,668,197	$	648	$	589,188	$	(18,286)	$	348,236	$	12,267	$	(177,488)	$	754,565
Net income								19,794						19,794
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax										(1,812)				(1,812)
ESOP shares allocated or committed to be released				245		246								491
Stock compensation expense				260										260

Restricted stock forfeitures	(1,555)			22								(22)		—
Exercise of stock options, net	77,780			(51)								1,058		1,007
Cash dividends declared and paid ($0.13 per common share)								(6,392)						(6,392)
Repurchase of treasury stock (average cost of $16.32 per share)	(900,771)											(14,703)		(14,703)

Balance at June 30, 2021	50,843,651	$	648	$	589,664	$	(18,040)	$	361,638	$	10,455	$	(191,155)	$	753,210

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

(Unaudited) (In thousands, except share data)



	Common Stock
	Shares Outstanding	Par Value		Additional Paid-in Capital		Unallocated Common Stock Held by the Employee Stock Ownership Plan		Retained Earnings		Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss) Net of tax		Treasury Stock		Total Stockholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 2019	49,175,347	$	609	$	548,486	$	(19,740)	$	322,581	$	4,699	$	(160,782)	$	695,853
Net income								15,344						15,344
Other comprehensive income, net of tax										9,976				9,976
ESOP shares allocated or committed to be released				277		496								773
Stock compensation expense				881										881
Restricted stock issuance	83,744			(1,145)								1,145		—
Exercise of stock options, net	13,000			(4)								179		175
Cash dividends declared and paid ($0.22 per common share)								(10,319)						(10,319)
Repurchase of treasury stock (average cost of $12.24 per share)	(8,714)											(107)		(107)
Balance at June 30, 2020	49,263,377	$	609	$	548,495	$	(19,244)	$	327,606	$	14,675	$	(159,565)	$	712,576

Balance at December 31, 2020	52,209,897	$	648	$	590,506	$	(18,529)	$	338,093	$	13,160	$	(169,897)	$	753,981
Cumulative adjustment for adoption of ASU 2016-13								(3,087)						(3,087)
Balance at January 1, 2021	52,209,897	648		590,506		(18,529)		335,006		13,160		(169,897)		750,894
Net income								38,471						38,471
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax										(2,705)				(2,705)
ESOP shares allocated or committed to be released				414		489								903
Stock compensation expense				504										504
Restricted stock issuance	147,315			(1,821)								1,821		—
Restricted stock forfeitures	(3,237)			48								(48)		—
Exercise of stock options, net	132,770			13								1,802		1,815
Cash dividends declared and paid ($0.24 per common share)								(11,839)						(11,839)
Repurchase of treasury stock (average cost of $15.11 per share)	(1,643,094)											(24,833)		(24,833)

Balance at June 30, 2021	50,843,651	$	648	$	589,664	$	(18,040)	$	361,638	$	10,455	$	(191,155)	$	753,210

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited) (In thousands)


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020

Net income	$	38,471	$	15,344
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
(Credit) provision for loan losses	(6,075)		10,104
ESOP and stock compensation expense	1,407		1,654

Depreciation	1,945		1,612
Amortization of premiums, and deferred loan costs, net of (accretion) discounts, and deferred loan fees	621		1,900
Amortization of intangible assets	101		110
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets	2,167		2,166
Income on bank-owned life insurance	(1,705)		(1,741)
Net gain on sale of loans held-for-sale	(1,401)		(665)


Gains on available-for-sale debt securities, net	(606)		(60)
(Gains) losses on trading securities, net	(1,171)		366

Net sales of trading securities	719		762
Decrease in accrued interest receivable	169		1,584
Increase in other assets	(10,020)		(3,325)
Increase (decrease) in accrued expenses and other liabilities	366		(3,691)
Net cash provided by operating activities	24,988		26,120
Cash flows from investing activities:
Net increase in loans receivable	(117,546)		(200,613)

Proceeds from sale of loans held-for-sale	151,559		48,165
Purchases of FHLB of New York stock	(220)		(10,497)
Redemptions of FHLB of New York stock	4,353		20,610
Purchases of debt securities available-for-sale	(213,761)		(132,052)
Purchases of equity securities	—		(24)
Principal payments and maturities on debt securities available-for-sale	280,050		232,838
Principal payments and maturities on debt securities held-to-maturity	788		106

Proceeds from sale of debt securities available-for-sale	95,472		12,623
Proceeds from sale of equity securities	34		2,035
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance	1,021		2,716

Purchases and improvements of premises and equipment	(1,025)		(1,223)

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	200,725		(25,316)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net increase in deposits	31,718		213,425
Dividends paid	(11,839)		(10,319)



Exercise of stock options	1,815		175
Purchase of treasury stock	(24,833)		(107)

Increase in advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance	4,526		(163)

Proceeds from securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings	265		370,267
Repayments related to securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings	(121,725)		(611,000)
Net cash used in financing activities	(120,073)		(37,722)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	105,640		(36,918)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period	87,544		147,818
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	193,184	$	110,900

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - (Continued)

(Unaudited) (In thousands)


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020
Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid during the period for:
Interest	$	9,833	$	24,845
Income taxes	19,100		7,375
Non-cash transactions:
Loan charge-offs, net	2,392		291
Transfer of loans held-for-investment to loans-held-for-sale at fair value	131,883		47,500
Transfer of loans held-for-sale at fair value to loans held-for-investment	1,612		—
Transfer of loans held-for-investment to other real estate owned	100		—
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities	—		3,028

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements

Note 1 – Consolidated Financial Statements

Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements are comprised of the accounts of Northfield Bancorp, Inc. (and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Northfield Investments, Inc. and Northfield Bank (the “Bank”), and the Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, NSB Services Corp. and NSB Realty Trust, collectively the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting solely of normal and recurring adjustments) necessary for the fair presentation of the consolidated balance sheets and the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the unaudited periods presented have been included. The results of operations and other data presented for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2021 or for any other period. Whenever necessary, certain prior year amounts are reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.

In preparing the unaudited consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”), management has made estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated balance sheets and the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the periods indicated. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to change are: the allowance for loan losses, estimated cash flows of our purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”, or, previously, purchased credit-impaired “PCI” ) loans and the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically and the effects of revisions are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period they are deemed necessary. While management uses its best judgment, actual amounts or results could differ significantly from those estimates.

Certain information and note disclosures usually included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for the preparation of interim financial statements. The consolidated financial statements presented should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes to consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the SEC.

Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

On January 1, 2021, the Company adopted ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”) which replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology that is referred to as the current expected credit loss (“CECL”) methodology. The Company used the modified retrospective method for all financial assets measured at amortized cost and off-balance sheet credit exposures. The adoption of the new standard resulted in the Company recording an increase in the allowance for credit losses of $11.1 million, comprised of $10.4 million and $737,000 for loans and unfunded commitments, respectively, including $6.8 million related to PCD loans. For PCD loans, the allowance for credit losses recorded is recognized through a gross-up that increases the amortized cost basis of loans with a corresponding increase to the allowance for credit losses, and therefore results in no impact to shareholders' equity. The remaining increase to the allowance for credit losses of $4.3 million was offset in stockholders' equity and deferred taxes. As a result of adopting CECL, the Company's prior distinction between the originated loan portfolio and the non-PCD acquired loan portfolio is no longer necessary. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2021 are presented under CECL, while prior period amounts continue to be recorded with previously applicable U.S. GAAP. Further information regarding the impact of CECL can be found in Note 6 - Loans, Note 7 - Allowance for Loan Losses and Note 15 - Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted.

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

COVID-19

On March 13, 2020, the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic was declared a national emergency in the United States. The spread of COVID-19 has negatively impacted the national and local economy, disrupted supply chains and increased unemployment levels. While vaccination rollouts, government stimulus, continued business re-openings and increased consumer activity (as social restrictions have eased) led to a sharp rebound in economic activity during the first six months of 2021, there are substantial variations in the pace of recovery across and within corporate sectors and economic activity both on a national level and in the markets we serve has not yet returned to pre-pandemic levels. In addition, the rise in cases of the new COVID-19 delta variant may threaten to undermine the economic recovery. The Company is committed to supporting its customers, employees and communities and continues to update protocols to adapt to the changing environment. The Company's bank branches offer drive through services without interruption, while lobbies are fully open or accessible to clients via appointment. The Company continues to provide secure and efficient remote and in-person work options for back office employees.

On March 27, 2020, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (“CARES”) Act was signed into law. It contains substantial tax and spending provisions intended to address the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The CARES Act includes a range of other provisions designed to support the U.S. economy and mitigate the impact of COVID-19 on financial institutions and their customers, including through the authorization of various relief programs and measures that the U.S. Department of the Treasury, the Small Business Administration, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and other federal banking agencies have implemented or may implement.

The CARES Act also includes a provision that permits a financial institution to elect to suspend temporarily TDR accounting under current U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) in certain circumstances. To be eligible, a loan modification must be: (1) related to COVID-19; (2) executed on a loan that was not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019; and (3) executed between March 1, 2020, and the earlier of (a) 60 days after the date of termination of the national emergency or (b) December 31, 2020. This relief was further extended by the Consolidated Appropriations Act to the earlier of January 1, 2022 or 60 days after the date of termination of the national emergency. The relief provided includes short-term (e.g., up to six months) modifications such as payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or delays in payment that are insignificant. Borrowers considered current are those that are less than 30 days past due on their contractual payments at the time a modification program is implemented. The banking regulators issued similar guidance, which also clarified that a COVID-19-related modification should not be considered a TDR if the borrower was current on payments at the time the underlying loan modification program was implemented and if the modification is considered to be short-term. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic impact to customers, the Company introduced a short-term modification program in March 2020 that provided temporary payment relief to those borrowers directly impacted by COVID-19. The program allows for a deferral of payments typically for 90 days, which may be extended for additional 90 day periods. See Note 6 - Loans for additional details of the Company's loan modification program.

A provision in the CARES Act provides for a loan guarantee program called the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”), which provides 100% federally guaranteed loans for small businesses to cover payroll, utilities, rent and interest. These small business loans are fully guaranteed by the Small Business Administration (“SBA”) and may be forgiven if borrowers maintain their payrolls and satisfy certain other conditions for a period of time during the COVID-19 pandemic. As of June 30, 2021, the Company had originated over 2,300 PPP loans to new and existing customers, totaling approximately $232.2 million. PPP provides for lender processing fees that range from 1% to 5% of the final disbursement made to individual borrowers. As of June 30, 2021, we have received cumulative loan processing fees of $9.5 million, of which $4.7 million has been recognized in earnings through June 30, 2021, including $2.8 million recognized in the six months ended June 30, 2021. The remaining unearned fees will be recognized in income over the remaining term of the loans. PPP loans are fully guaranteed by the SBA and are therefore excluded from the allowance for loan and lease losses calculation. There were 1,453 PPP loans totaling $132.7 million in our loan portfolio at June 30, 2021.

The Company continues to maintain a strong liquidity and capital position as a buffer to protect against the economic uncertainties presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. As of June 30, 2021, both the Company and the Bank's capital ratios were in excess of regulatory requirements and are both currently classified as well capitalized. The Company maintains access to multiple sources of liquidity and expects to have sufficient funds available to meet current commitments in the normal course of business.

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

While the Company has not to date incurred any material adverse effects on its results of operations as a result of COVID-19, the full impact of the pandemic is still unknown at this time and will depend on future developments, including the duration of the pandemic, the success of the continued COVID-19 vaccine rollout, and other actions taken by governmental authorities and other third parties in response to the pandemic. In addition, the rise in COVID-19 delta variant cases and actions taken to contain the spread of coronavirus may threaten to undermine the economic recovery and negatively impact the demand for loans and other services we offer. Because of the significant uncertainties related to the ultimate duration of the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on our customers and prospects, and on the local and national economy, there can be no assurances as to how the crisis may ultimately affect the Company's loan portfolio, and business as a whole. As such, the Company could be subject to certain risks, any of which could have a material, adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations.

Note 2 – Business Combinations

On July 1, 2020, the Company completed its acquisition of VSB Bancorp, Inc. (“Victory”), parent company of Victory State Bank, in a stock transaction, which after purchase accounting adjustments, added $402.8 million to total assets, including $180.4 million to loans, and $354.6 million to deposits, and six branch offices in Staten Island, New York. Under the terms of the merger agreement, each share of Victory common stock was exchanged for 2.0463 shares of Northfield common stock with fractional shares paid out in cash.

The transaction was accounted for under the acquisition method of accounting. Under this method of accounting, the purchase price has been allocated to the respective assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair values, net of tax, as of July 1, 2020, and results of operations have been included in the Company's consolidated statements of income from that date forward. The excess of consideration paid over the fair value of the net assets acquired has been recorded as goodwill.

The following table summarizes the estimated fair values of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed at the date of acquisition for Victory (in thousands):


	July 1, 2020
	Fair Value
Total Purchase Price	$	41,173
Assets acquired:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	72,875
Debt securities available for sale	126,931
Loans	180,431
Accrued interest receivable	1,415
Bank-owned life insurance	5,714
Premises and equipment	7,789
Other assets	5,010
Total assets acquired	400,165
Liabilities assumed:
Deposits	354,592
Other liabilities	7,001
Total liabilities assumed	361,593
Net assets acquired	$	38,572
Goodwill recorded in the merger	$	2,601

The calculation of goodwill is subject to change for up to one year after the date of acquisition as additional information that existed as of the acquisition date estimates and uncertainties become available. As of June 30, 2021, the Company finalized its review of the acquired assets and liabilities and recorded an adjustment to the carrying value of goodwill and a corresponding adjustment to deferred tax assets of $304,000.

Fair Value Measurement of Assets Assumed and Liabilities Assumed

Described below are the methods used to determine the fair value of the significant assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the Victory acquisition.

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

Cash and Cash Equivalents. The estimated fair values of cash and cash equivalents approximate their stated face amounts, as these financial instruments are either due on demand or have short-term maturities.

Debt Securities Available-for-Sale. The estimated fair values of the securities were calculated utilizing Level 2 inputs. Prices for the securities were obtained from an independent nationally recognized third-party pricing service.

Loans. The acquired loan portfolio was valued based on current guidance which defines fair value as the price that would be received to sell an asset or transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. Level 3 inputs were utilized to value the portfolio and included the use of present value techniques employing cash flow estimates and the incorporated assumptions that marketplace participants would use in estimating fair values. In instances where reliable market information was not available, the Company used its own assumptions in an effort to determine reasonable fair value. Specifically, management utilized three separate fair value analyses which a market participant would employ in estimating the total fair value adjustment. The three separate fair valuation methodologies used were: 1) interest rate loan fair value analysis; 2) general credit fair value adjustment; and 3) specific credit fair value adjustment.

To prepare the interest rate fair value analysis, loans were grouped by characteristics such as loan type, term, collateral and rate. Market rates for similar loans were obtained from various external data sources and reviewed by Company management for reasonableness. The average of these rates was used as the fair value interest rate a market participant would utilize. A present value approach was utilized to calculate the interest rate fair value adjustment.

The general credit fair value adjustment was calculated using a two-part general credit fair value analysis: 1) expected credit losses; and 2) estimated fair value adjustment for qualitative factors. The expected credit losses were calculated using an average of historical losses of the acquired bank and industry bench mark loss rates observed for loans with similar underlying characteristics. The adjustment related to qualitative factors was impacted by general economic conditions and the risk related to lack of familiarity with the originator's underwriting process.

To calculate the specific credit fair value adjustment, management reviewed the acquired loan portfolio for loans meeting the definition of an impaired loan with deteriorated credit quality. Loans meeting this definition were reviewed by comparing the contractual cash flows to expected collectible cash flows. The aggregate expected cash flows less the acquisition date fair value resulted in an accretable yield amount. The accretable yield amount will be recognized over the life of the loans on a level yield basis as an adjustment to yield.

The following is a summary of the credit impaired loans acquired in the Victory acquisition as of the closing date (in thousands):


	July 1, 2020
Contractually required principal and interest	$	7,809
Contractual cash flows not expected to be collected (non-accretable discount)	3,315
Expected cash flows to be collected at acquisition	4,494
Interest component of expected cash flows (accretable yield)	(599)
Fair value of acquired loans	$	3,895

Leases. Five lease obligations were added as part of the acquisition, and the Company recorded a $2.5 million operating lease right-of-use asset and operating lease liability for these lease obligations.

Deposits. The fair values of deposit liabilities with no stated maturity (i.e., non-interest bearing demand accounts, interest-bearing negotiable orders of withdrawal ("NOW"), savings and money market accounts) are equal to the carrying amounts payable on demand. The fair values of certificates of deposit represent contractual cash flows, discounted to present value using interest rates currently offered on deposits with similar characteristics and remaining maturities.

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

Note 3 – Debt Securities Available-for-Sale

The following is a comparative summary of mortgage-backed and other debt securities available-for-sale at June 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):


	June 30, 2021
			Gross		Gross		Estimated
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		fair
	cost		gains		losses		value
U.S. Government agency securities	$	2,758	$	—	$	(4)	$	2,754
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
Government sponsored enterprises ("GSEs")	221,513		8,640		(386)		229,767
Real estate mortgage investment conduits ("REMICs"):
GSE	735,021		5,859		(502)		740,378

	956,534		14,499		(888)		970,145
Other debt securities:
Municipal bonds	77		1		—		78

Corporate bonds	123,678		815		(47)		124,446

	123,755		816		(47)		124,524
Total debt securities available-for-sale	$	1,083,047	$	15,315	$	(939)	$	1,097,423


	December 31, 2020
			Gross		Gross		Estimated
	Amortized		unrealized		unrealized		fair
	cost		gains		losses		value
U.S. Government agency securities	$	3,168	$	—	$	(10)	$	3,158
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
GSE	270,867		10,720		(244)		281,343
REMICs:
GSE	884,414		7,027		(476)		890,965
Non-GSE	4		—		—		4
	1,155,285		17,747		(720)		1,172,312
Other debt securities:
Municipal bonds	122		1		—		123
Corporate bonds	87,319		1,099		—		88,418
Asset-backed securities	779		15		—		794
	88,220		1,115		—		89,335
Total debt securities available-for-sale	$	1,246,673	$	18,862	$	(730)	$	1,264,805

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

The following is a summary of the expected maturity distribution of debt securities available-for-sale, other than mortgage-backed securities, at June 30, 2021 (in thousands):


Available-for-sale	Amortized cost		Estimated fair value
Due in one year or less	$	35,282	$	35,757
Due after one year through five years	73,463		73,804
Due after five years through ten years	17,768		17,717

	$	126,513	$	127,278

Contractual maturities for mortgage-backed securities are not included above, as expected maturities on mortgage-backed securities may differ from contractual maturities as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties.

Certain debt securities available-for-sale are pledged or encumbered to secure borrowings under Pledge Agreements and Repurchase Agreements and for other purposes required by law. At June 30, 2021, the fair value of debt securities available-for-sale that were pledged to secure borrowings and deposits was $557.0 million.

For the three months ended June 30, 2021, the Company had gross proceeds of $89.6 million on sales of debt securities available-for-sale, with gross realized gains of $509,000 and no gross realized losses. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company had gross proceeds of $95.5 million on sales and calls of debt securities available-for-sale, with gross realized gains of $606,000 and no gross realized losses. For the three months ended June 30, 2020, the Company had gross proceeds of $12.6 million on sales of debt securities available-for-sale, with gross realized gains of $74,000 related to sales of securities and gross realized losses of $1,000 related to calls of securities. For the six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company had gross proceeds of $12.6 million on sales of debt securities available-for-sale, with gross realized gains of $74,000 related to sales of securities and gross realized losses of $14,000 related to calls of securities. The Company recognized net gains of $807,000 and $1.2 million on its trading securities portfolio during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the Company recognized net gains of $1.6 million and net losses of $366,000, respectively, on its trading securities portfolio.

Gross unrealized losses on mortgage-backed and other debt securities available-for-sale, and the estimated fair value of the related securities, aggregated by security category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at June 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, were as follows (in thousands):


	June 30, 2021
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
	Unrealized		Estimated		Unrealized		Estimated		Unrealized		Estimated
	losses		fair value		losses		fair value		losses		fair value
U.S. Government agency securities	$	(4)	$	2,754	$	—	$	—	$	(4)	$	2,754
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
GSE	(378)		31,540		(8)		383		(386)		31,923
REMICs:
GSE	(502)		124,255		—		—		(502)		124,255

Other debt securities:
Corporate bonds	(47)		14,964		—		—		(47)		14,964


Total	$	(931)	$	173,513	$	(8)	$	383	$	(939)	$	173,896

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)


	December 31, 2020
	Less than 12 months				12 months or more				Total
	Unrealized		Estimated		Unrealized		Estimated		Unrealized		Estimated
	losses		fair value		losses		fair value		losses		fair value
U.S. Government agency securities	$	(10)	$	3,158	$	—	$	—	$	(10)	$	3,158
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
GSE	(233)		28,419		(11)		459		(244)		28,878
REMICs:
GSE	(476)		210,569		—		—		(476)		210,569




Total	$	(719)	$	242,146	$	(11)	$	459	$	(730)	$	242,605

The Company held nine pass-through mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by GSEs that were in a continuous unrealized loss position of twelve months or greater at June 30, 2021. There were 17 pass-through mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by GSEs, 41 REMIC mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by GSEs, two corporate bonds and one U.S. Government agency security that were in an unrealized loss position of less than twelve months at June 30, 2021. All securities referred to above were rated investment grade at June 30, 2021.

Available for sale debt securities in unrealized loss positions are evaluated for impairment related to credit losses on a quarterly basis. In performing an assessment of whether any decline in fair value is due to a credit loss, the Company considers the extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost, changes in credit ratings, any adverse economic conditions, as well as all relevant information at the individual security level such as credit deterioration of the issuer or collateral underlying the security. In assessing the impairment, the Company compares the present value of cash flows expected to be collected with the amortized cost basis of the security. If it is determined that the decline in fair value was due to credit losses, an allowance for credit losses is recorded, limited to the amount the fair value is less than amortized cost basis. The Company did not recognize any allowance for credit losses on its available-for-sale debt securities during the three and six months ended June 30, 2021.

The non-credit related decrease in the fair value, such as a decline due to changes in market interest rates, is recorded in other comprehensive income, net of tax. The Company also assesses the intent to sell the securities (as well as the likelihood of a near-term recovery). If the Company intends to sell an available for sale debt security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the debt security is written down to its fair value and the write down is charged to the debt security’s fair value at the reporting date with any incremental impairment reported in earnings.

The Company has made the accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale securities from the estimate of credit losses. Accrued interest receivable associated with debt securities available-for-sale totaling $1.9 million at June 30, 2021 is reported in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheet.

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

Note 4 – Debt Securities Held-to-Maturity

The following is a summary of mortgage-backed securities held-to-maturity at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):


	June 30, 2021
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
GSE	$	6,417	$	286	$	—	$	6,703
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	6,417	$	286	$	—	$	6,703


	December 31, 2020
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Estimated Fair Value
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
GSE	$	7,234	$	340	$	—	$	7,574
Total securities held-to-maturity	$	7,234	$	340	$	—	$	7,574

Contractual maturities for mortgage-backed securities are not presented, as expected maturities on mortgage-backed securities may differ from contractual maturities as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties. There were no sales of held-to-maturity securities for the six months ended June 30, 2021 or June 30, 2020.

At June 30, 2021, debt securities held-to-maturity with a carrying value of $6.4 million were pledged to secure borrowings and deposits.

At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were no debt securities held-to-maturity in an unrealized loss position.

The Company's held-to-maturity securities are residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae, Freddie MAC and Fannie Mae, and it is expected that the securities will not be settled at prices less than the amortized cost bases of the securities as such securities are backed by the full faith and credit of and/or guaranteed by the U.S. Government. Accordingly, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities.

The Company has made the accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable on held-to-maturity securities from the estimate of credit losses. Accrued interest receivable associated with held-to-maturity securities totaling $19,400 at June 30, 2021 is reported in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheet.

Note 5 – Equity Securities

At June 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, equity securities totaled $219,000 and $253,000, respectively. Equity securities consist of money market mutual funds recorded at fair value.

Note 6 – Loans

On January 1, 2021, the Company adopted the CECL standard for measuring credit losses, which replaced the incurred loss methodology. As a result of adopting CECL, the Company combined its originated loan portfolio and the acquired loan portfolio into the respective portfolio segments. Other than to combine the originated and non-PCD acquired loan portfolios, the Company's portfolio segments and loan classes remain unchanged following the adoption of the CECL standard. Prior period disclosures have been revised to conform to current period presentation (by combining originated and acquired portfolio segments), however, the Company did not recast comparative financial information and that is still presented in accordance with previous applicable provisions of U.S. GAAP.

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

The following table summarizes the Company’s loans held-for-investment (in thousands):


	June 30,		December 31,
	2021		2020
Real estate loans:
Multifamily	$	2,496,613	$	2,509,310
Commercial mortgage	735,303		716,973
One-to-four family residential mortgage	193,976		210,817
Home equity and lines of credit	99,814		91,126
Construction and land	63,125		74,318
Total real estate loans	3,588,831		3,602,544
Commercial and industrial loans (1)	209,580		194,352
Other loans	2,170		3,029
Total commercial and industrial and other loans	211,750		197,381
Deferred origination loan costs, net (2)	—		4,795
Loans held-for-investment, net (excluding PCD/PCI)	3,800,581		3,804,720
PCD/PCI loans	16,692		18,518
Total Loans held-for-investment, net	3,817,273		3,823,238
Allowance for loan losses	(39,493)		(37,607)
Net loans held-for-investment	$	3,777,780	$	3,785,631

(1) Included in commercial and industrial loans at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are PPP loans totaling $132.7 million and $126.5 million, respectively.

(2) Under CECL origination deferred fees, deferred fees on acquired loans, and purchase accounting adjustments in connection with loans acquired are included in loans by respective portfolio.

The Company had no loans held-for-sale at June 30, 2021. At December 31, 2020, loans held-for-sale totaled $19.9 million.

In addition to originating loans, the Company may acquire loans through portfolio purchases or acquisitions of other companies. Purchased loans that have evidence of more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination are deemed purchased credit deteriorated (“PCD”) loans. In accordance with ASU 2016-13, with its adoption of the CECL standard, the Company did not reassess whether previously recognized PCI loans accounted for under prior accounting guidance met the criteria of a PCD loan as of the date of adoption. All loans considered to be PCI prior to the adoption of CECL were converted to PCD upon adoption. For PCD loans, each loan pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows. PCD loans totaled $16.7 million at June 30, 2021, as compared to $18.5 million of PCI loans at December 31, 2020. The majority of the PCD loan balance is attributable to those loans acquired as part of a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation-assisted transaction. At June 30, 2021, PCD loans consisted of approximately 17% one-to-four family residential loans, 25% commercial real estate loans and 45% commercial and industrial loans, with the remaining balance in construction and home equity loans. At December 31, 2020, PCI loans consisted of approximately 22% one-to-four family residential loans, 23% commercial real estate loans and 40% commercial and industrial loans, with the remaining balance in home equity loans.

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company monitors the credit quality of its loan portfolio on a regular basis. Credit quality is monitored by reviewing certain credit quality indicators. Management has determined that loan-to-value ratios (at period end) and internally assigned credit risk ratings by loan type are the key credit quality indicators that best measure the credit quality of the Company’s loan receivables. Loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios used by management in monitoring credit quality are based on current period loan balances and original appraised values at the time of origination (unless a current appraisal has been obtained as a result of the loan being deemed impaired).

The Company maintains a credit risk rating system as part of the risk assessment of its loan portfolio. The Company’s lending officers are required to assign a credit risk rating to each loan in their portfolio at origination. This risk rating is reviewed periodically and adjusted if necessary. Monthly, management presents monitored assets to the loan committee. In addition, the Company engages a third-party independent loan reviewer that performs semi-annual reviews of a sample of loans, validating the credit risk ratings assigned to such loans. The credit risk ratings play an important role in the establishment of the provision for loan losses and the allowance for loan losses for originated loans held-for-investment. After determining the loss factor for each originated portfolio segment held-for-investment, the collectively evaluated for impairment balance of the held-for-investment portfolio is multiplied by the collectively evaluated for impairment loss factor for the respective portfolio segment in order to determine the allowance for loans collectively evaluated for impairment.

When assigning a risk rating to a loan, management utilizes the Bank’s internal nine-point credit risk rating system.

1.Strong

2.Good

3.Acceptable

4.Adequate

5.Watch

6.Special Mention

7.Substandard

8.Doubtful

9.Loss

Loans rated 1 to 5 are considered pass ratings. An asset is classified substandard if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard assets have well defined weaknesses based on objective evidence, and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as doubtful have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable based on current circumstances. Assets classified as loss are those considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets is not warranted. Assets which do not currently expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories, but possess weaknesses, are required to be designated special mention.

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

The following table presents the Company’s loans held-for-investment, excluding PCD loans, by loan class, credit risk ratings and year of origination, at June 30, 2021 (in thousands):


	June 30, 2021
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Revolving Loans		Total
Real Estate:
Multifamily
Pass	$	370,670	$	548,666	$	360,502	$	323,853	$	259,515	$	617,290	$	496	$	2,480,992
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		442		—		442
Substandard	—		—		4,681		1,609		—		8,889		—		15,179
Total multifamily	370,670		548,666		365,183		325,462		259,515		626,621		496		2,496,613
Commercial
Pass	53,671		74,958		99,407		101,009		68,317		291,092		10,046		698,500
Special Mention	—		—		511		—		500		9,064		—		10,075
Substandard	—		—		9,653		310		2,390		11,007		3,368		26,728
Total commercial	53,671		74,958		109,571		101,319		71,207		311,163		13,414		735,303
One-to-four family residential
Pass	2,405		9,483		12,488		15,294		12,669		134,622		616		187,577
Special Mention	—		—		467		—		—		2,399		—		2,866
Substandard	—		—		526		—		—		3,007		—		3,533
Total one-to-four family residential	2,405		9,483		13,481		15,294		12,669		140,028		616		193,976
Construction and land
Pass	—		1,570		1,396		535		2,611		3,589		52,317		62,018

Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		—		1,107		1,107
Total construction and land	—		1,570		1,396		535		2,611		3,589		53,424		63,125
Home equity and lines of credit
Pass	21,126		19,526		13,818		10,621		4,485		29,503		62		99,141
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		—		304		—		304
Substandard	—		—		98		87		—		184		—		369
Total home equity and lines of credit	21,126		19,526		13,916		10,708		4,485		29,991		62		99,814
Total real estate loans	447,872		654,203		503,547		453,318		350,487		1,111,392		68,012		3,588,831
Commercial and industrial
Pass	92,179		72,076		8,684		4,549		1,352		14,654		12,801		206,295
Special Mention	—		72		160		238		145		283		—		898
Substandard	—		490		324		711		—		862		—		2,387
Total commercial and industrial	92,179		72,638		9,168		5,498		1,497		15,799		12,801		209,580
Other
Pass	1,808		181		26		44		5		103		—		2,167

Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		3		—		3
Total other	1,808		181		26		44		5		106		—		2,170
Total loans held-for-investment, net	$	541,859	$	727,022	$	512,741	$	458,860	$	351,989	$	1,127,297	$	80,813	$	3,800,581

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

The following table details the recorded investment of loans held-for-investment, excluding PCI loans, net of deferred fees and costs, by loan type and credit quality indicator at December 31, 2020 (in thousands):


	December 31, 2020
	Real Estate
	Multifamily		Commercial		One-to-Four Family		Construction and Land		Home Equity and Lines of Credit		Commercial and Industrial		Other		Total
Internal Risk Rating
Pass	$	2,497,556	$	667,568	$	207,633	$	74,351	$	92,385	$	189,372	$	3,026	$	3,731,891
Special Mention	458		20,422		2,456		—		311		498		—		24,145
Substandard	14,920		29,576		2,133		—		441		1,611		3		48,684
Total loans held-for-investment, net	$	2,512,934	$	717,566	$	212,222	$	74,351	$	93,137	$	191,481	$	3,029	$	3,804,720

Past Due and Non-Accrual Loans

Included in loans receivable held-for-investment are loans for which the accrual of interest income has been discontinued due to deterioration in the financial condition of the borrowers. The recorded investment of these non-accrual loans was $8.1 million and $8.5 million at June 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively. Generally, loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days or more delinquent, or sooner if considered appropriate by management, and remain on non-accrual status until they are brought current, have six consecutive months of performance under the loan terms, and factors indicating reasonable doubt about the timely collection of payments no longer exist. Therefore, loans may be current in accordance with their loan terms, or may be less than 90 days delinquent and still be on a non-accruing status.

When an individual loan no longer demonstrates the similar credit risk characteristics as other loans within its current segment, the Company evaluates each for expected credit losses on an individual basis. All non-accrual loans $500,000 and above and all loans designated as troubled debt restructures (“TDRs”) are individually evaluated. The non-accrual amounts included in loans individually evaluated for impairment were $4.9 million and $5.5 million at June 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively. Loans on non-accrual status with principal balances less than $500,000, and therefore not individually evaluated for impairment, amounted to $3.2 million at June 30, 2021, and $3.0 million at December 31, 2020. Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest were $731,000 at June 30, 2021, and $1.1 million at December 31, 2020, and consisted of loans that are considered well-secured and in the process of collection.

The Company had no loans held-for-sale at June 30, 2021. At December 31, 2020, the Company had $19.9 million in loans held-for-sale. At December 31, 2020, the loans held-for-sale were comprised of commercial real estate and multifamily loans, primarily accommodation (hotel or motel) loans that were modified in the form of interest and/or principal payment deferrals due to COVID-19 related hardships, and had not returned to contractual payments after 180 days of relief. The sale of these loans was completed in March 2021.

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

The following tables set forth the detail, and delinquency status, of non-performing loans (non-accrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing), net of deferred fees and costs, at June 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, excluding PCD/PCI loans (in thousands):


	June 30, 2021
	Total Non-Performing Loans
	Non-Accruing Loans
	Current		30-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total		90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing		Total Non-Performing Loans
Loans held-for-investment:
Real estate loans:
Commercial


Substandard	$	2,805	$	74	$	2,149	$	5,028	$	216	$	5,244
Total commercial	2,805		74		2,149		5,028		216		5,244
One-to-four family residential


Substandard	—		—		320		320		223		543
Total one-to-four family residential	—		—		320		320		223		543
Construction and land
Substandard	—		—		1,107		1,107		—		1,107
Total construction and land	—		—		1,107		1,107		—		1,107
Multifamily


Substandard	—		—		1,131		1,131		—		1,131
Total multifamily	—		—		1,131		1,131		—		1,131
Home equity and lines of credit


Substandard	—		—		128		128		98		226
Total home equity and lines of credit	—		—		128		128		98		226
Total real estate	2,805		74		4,835		7,714		537		8,251
Commercial and industrial loans


Substandard	35		—		372		407		194		601
Total commercial and industrial loans	35		—		372		407		194		601
Other loans
Substandard	—		—		3		3		—		3
Total other	—		—		3		3		—		3
Total non-performing loans	$	2,840	$	74	$	5,210	$	8,124	$	731	$	8,855

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)


	December 31, 2020
	Total Non-Performing Loans
	Non-Accruing Loans
	Current		30-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total		90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing		Total Non-Performing Loans
Loans held-for-investment:
Real estate loans:
Commercial
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	500	$	500

Substandard	2,829		537		2,863		6,229		—		6,229
Total commercial	2,829		537		2,863		6,229		500		6,729
One-to-four family residential


Substandard	413		—		493		906		174		1,080
Total one-to-four family residential	413		—		493		906		174		1,080





Multifamily


Substandard	—		—		1,153		1,153		—		1,153
Total multifamily	—		—		1,153		1,153		—		1,153
Home equity and lines of credit


Substandard	60		—		131		191		—		191
Total home equity and lines of credit	60		—		131		191		—		191
Total real estate	3,302		537		4,640		8,479		674		9,153
Commercial and industrial loans
Pass	—		—		—		—		101		101
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		85		85
Substandard	—		—		37		37		250		287
Total commercial and industrial loans	—		—		37		37		436		473
Other loans
Pass	—		—		—		—		3		3
Total other	—		—		—		—		3		3
Total non-performing loans	$	3,302	$	537	$	4,677	$	8,516	$	1,113	$	9,629

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

The following tables set forth the detail and delinquency status of loans held-for-investment, excluding PCD/PCI loans, net of deferred fees and costs, at June 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):


	June 30, 2021
			Past Due Loans
	30-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans Receivable, net
Loans held-for-investment:
Real estate loans:
Commercial
Pass	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	698,500	$	698,500
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		10,075		10,075
Substandard	2,728		2,148		216		5,092		21,636		26,728
Total commercial	2,728		2,148		216		5,092		730,211		735,303
One-to-four family residential
Pass	292		—		—		292		187,285		187,577
Special Mention	927		—		—		927		1,939		2,866
Substandard	—		320		223		543		2,990		3,533
Total one-to-four family residential	1,219		320		223		1,762		192,214		193,976
Construction and land
Pass	—		—		—		—		62,018		62,018

Substandard	—		1,107		—		1,107		—		1,107
Total construction and land	—		1,107		—		1,107		62,018		63,125
Multifamily
Pass	616		—		—		616		2,480,376		2,480,992
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		442		442
Substandard	1,070		1,131		—		2,201		12,978		15,179
Total multifamily	1,686		1,131		—		2,817		2,493,796		2,496,613
Home equity and lines of credit
Pass	199		—		—		199		98,942		99,141
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		304		304
Substandard	4		128		98		230		139		369
Total home equity and lines of credit	203		128		98		429		99,385		99,814
Total real estate	5,836		4,834		537		11,207		3,577,624		3,588,831
Commercial and industrial
Pass	122		—		—		122		206,173		206,295
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		898		898
Substandard	—		372		194		566		1,821		2,387
Total commercial and industrial	122		372		194		688		208,892		209,580
Other loans
Pass	—		—		—		—		2,167		2,167

Substandard	—		3		—		3		—		3
Total other loans	—		3		—		3		2,167		2,170
Total loans held-for-investment	$	5,958	$	5,209	$	731	$	11,898	$	3,788,683	$	3,800,581

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)


	December 31, 2020
	Past Due Loans
	30-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due and Accruing		Total Past Due		Current		Total Loans Receivable, net
Loans held-for-investment:
Real estate loans:
Commercial
Pass	$	6,072	$	—	$	500	$	6,572	$	660,996	$	667,568
Special Mention	72		—		—		72		20,350		20,422
Substandard	3,185		2,863		—		6,048		23,528		29,576
Total commercial	9,329		2,863		500		12,692		704,874		717,566
One-to-four family residential
Pass	282		—		—		282		207,351		207,633
Special Mention	870		—		—		870		1,586		2,456
Substandard	—		493		174		667		1,466		2,133
Total one-to-four family residential	1,152		493		174		1,819		210,403		212,222
Construction and land
Pass	994		—		—		994		73,357		74,351


Total construction and land	994		—		—		994		73,357		74,351
Multifamily
Pass	1,283		—		—		1,283		2,496,273		2,497,556
Special Mention	—		—		—		—		458		458
Substandard	610		1,153		—		1,763		13,157		14,920
Total multifamily	1,893		1,153		—		3,046		2,509,888		2,512,934
Home equity and lines of credit
Pass	80		—		—		80		92,305		92,385
Special Mention	200		—		—		200		111		311
Substandard	100		131		—		231		210		441
Total home equity and lines of credit	380		131		—		511		92,626		93,137
Total real estate	13,748		4,640		674		19,062		3,591,148		3,610,210
Commercial and industrial
Pass	632		—		101		733		188,639		189,372
Special Mention	61		—		85		146		352		498
Substandard	67		37		250		354		1,257		1,611
Total commercial and industrial	760		37		436		1,233		190,248		191,481
Other loans
Pass	11		—		3		14		3,012		3,026

Substandard	—		—		—		—		3		3
Total other loans	11		—		3		14		3,015		3,029
Total loans held-for-investment	$	14,519	$	4,677	$	1,113	$	20,309	$	3,784,411	$	3,804,720

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

The following tables summarize information on non-accrual loans, excluding PCD loans, at June 30, 2021 (in thousands):


							For the Three Months Ended June 30, 2021		For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
	June 30, 2021
	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		With No Related Allowance		Interest Income		Interest Income
Real estate loans:
Commercial	$	5,028	$	5,537	$	3,257	$	25	$	50
One-to-four family residential	320		352		—		—		6
Construction and land	1,107		1,107		1,107		—		—
Multifamily	1,131		1,140		—		19		33
Home equity and lines of credit	128		377		—		—		2
Commercial and industrial	407		611		1		2		4
Other	3		3		—		—		—
Total non-accrual loans	$	8,124	$	9,127	$	4,365	$	46	$	95

The following table summarizes impaired loans, excluding PCI loans, at December 31, 2020 (in thousands):


	December 31, 2020
		Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance
With No Allowance Recorded:
Real estate loans:
Commercial		$	8,838	$	10,076	$	—
One-to-four family residential		1,903		2,032		—

Multifamily		626		1,097		—
Home equity and lines of credit		15		15		—
Total Real Estate		11,382		13,220		—



With a Related Allowance Recorded:
Real estate loans:
Commercial		1,812		2,244		(66)



Home equity and lines of credit		32		32		(3)
Total Real Estate		1,844		2,276		(69)
Commercial and industrial loans		16		16		(4)


Total:
Real estate loans
Commercial		10,650		12,320		(66)
One-to-four family residential		1,903		2,032		—

Multifamily		626		1,097		—
Home equity and lines of credit		47		47		(3)
Commercial and industrial loans		16		16		(4)
		$	13,242	$	15,512	$	(73)

Included in the table above at December 31, 2020, are impaired loans with carrying balances of $7.8 million that were not written down by charge-offs or for which there are no specific reserves in our allowance for loan losses. Loans not written down by charge-offs or specific reserves at December 31, 2020, are considered to have sufficient collateral values, less costs to sell, to support the carrying balances of the loans.

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

The following table summarizes the average recorded investment in impaired loans, excluding PCI loans, and interest income recognized as of, and for, the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 (in thousands):


	For the Three Months Ended				For the Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2020				June 30, 2020
	Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income		Average Recorded Investment		Interest Income
With No Allowance Recorded:
Real estate loans:
Commercial	$	14,522	$	191	$	15,020	$	286
One-to-four family residential	2,122		22		2,241		51

Multifamily	854		18		915		31
Home equity and lines of credit	20		—		20		—
Commercial and industrial loans	37		—		38		—
With a Related Allowance Recorded:
Real estate loans:
Commercial	2,335		41		1,992		57
One-to-four family residential	261		5		174		10


Home equity and lines of credit	33		—		33		1
Commercial and industrial loans	18		—		18		—
Total:
Real estate loans
Commercial	16,857		232		17,012		343
One-to-four family residential	2,383		27		2,415		61

Multifamily	854		18		915		31
Home equity and lines of credit	53		—		53		1
Commercial and industrial loans	55		—		56		—
	$	20,202	$	277	$	20,451	$	436

Collateral-Dependent Loans

Loans for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral are considered to be collateral-dependent loans. Collateral can have a significant financial effect in mitigating exposure to credit risk and, where there is sufficient collateral, an allowance for expected credit losses is not recognized or is minimal. For collateral-dependent loans, the allowance for expected credit losses is individually assessed based on the fair value of the collateral less estimated costs of sale. The Company's collateral-dependent loans are secured by real estate. Collateral values are generally based on appraisals which are adjusted for changes in market indices. As of June 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, the Company had $9.8 million and $10.2 million of collateral-dependent impaired loans, respectively. The collateral-dependent loans at June 30, 2021 consisted of $7.7 million of commercial real estate loans, $1.1 million of construction loans, $619,000 of multifamily loans, and $380,000 of one-to-four family residential loans. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, there was no significant deterioration or changes in the collateral securing these loans.

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

Troubled Debt Restructured Loans

There were no loans modified in a TDR during the three or six months ended June 30, 2021.

The following tables summarizes loans that were modified in a TDR during the six months ended June 30, 2020:


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
	Number of Relationships	Pre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment		Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment(1)
	(in thousands)
Troubled Debt Restructurings
Residential	1	$	187	$	187
Commercial real estate	2	544		544
Total Troubled Debt Restructurings	3	$	731	$	731

(1) Amounts are at time of modification

There were four loans (to three borrowers) in the table above, that requested COVID-19 relief and were modified as TDRs during the three months ended June 30, 2020, all of which were modified to restructure payment terms. All four of the loans were delinquent and on non-accrual status prior to the implementation of our COVID-19 customer relief program (discussed further below) and were therefore considered to be TDRs.

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and its economic impact to customers, a short-term modification program that complied with Section 4013 of the CARES Act and the Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus was implemented to provide temporary payment relief to those borrowers directly impacted by COVID-19. The program allows for deferral of payments for 90 days, which may extend for an additional 90 day periods, with modifications in the form of payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment. As of June 30, 2021, the Company had 21 loan modifications (excluding PCD loans) with principal and/or interest payment deferrals on outstanding loan balances of $21.5 million. Of these 21 payment deferrals, six were principal deferrals totaling $2.1 million, and 15 were principal and interest deferrals totaling $19.4 million. As these deferrals were current as of December 31, 2019, or the date of modification, these loans are not considered TDRs. Loans in deferment status (“COVID-19 Modified Loans”) will continue to accrue interest during the deferment period unless otherwise classified as nonperforming. COVID-19 Modified Loans are required to make escrow payments for real estate taxes and insurance, if applicable. For loans given relief of interest, the deferred interest is generally to be paid back over a period not to exceed 18 months. Principal deferrals may be brought current or recast into outstanding principal at time of rate reset or repaid at the end of the loan's contractual term. COVID-19 Modified Loan agreements generally also include covenants that prohibit distributions, bonuses, or payments of management fees to related entities until all deferred payments are made.

At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had TDRs of $11.5 million and $12.1 million, respectively.

Management classifies all TDRs as loans individually evaluated for impairment. Loans individually evaluated for impairment are assessed to determine that the loan’s carrying value is not in excess of the estimated fair value of the collateral less cost to sell, if the loan is collateral-dependent, or the present value of the expected future cash flows, if the loan is not collateral-dependent. Management performs an evaluation of each impaired loan and generally obtains updated appraisals as part of the evaluation. In addition, management adjusts estimated fair values down to appropriately consider recent market conditions, our willingness to accept a lower sales price to effect a quick sale, and costs to dispose of any supporting collateral. Determining the estimated fair value of underlying collateral (and related costs to sell) can be difficult in illiquid real estate markets and is subject to significant assumptions and estimates. Management employs an independent third-party management firm that specializes in appraisal preparation and review to ascertain the reasonableness of updated appraisals. Projecting the expected cash flows under TDRs which are not collateral-dependent is inherently subjective and requires, among other things, an evaluation of the borrower’s current and projected financial condition. Actual results may be significantly different than our projections and our established allowance for loan losses on these loans, which could have a material effect on our financial results.

At June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020, there were no TDRs that were restructured during the preceding twelve months that subsequently defaulted.

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

Note 7 – Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans (“ACL”)

On January 1, 2021, the Company adopted the CECL standard, which requires the measurement of expected credit losses for financial assets measured at amortized cost, including loans, and certain off-balance-sheet credit exposures. As a result of the adoption of CECL, the Company recorded a $10.4 million increase to its allowance for credit losses on loans, including $6.8 million related to PCD loans. For PCD loans, the allowance for credit losses recorded is recognized through a gross-up that increases the amortized cost basis of loans with a corresponding increase to the allowance for credit losses, and therefore results in no impact to shareholders' equity.

Under the CECL standard, the Company determines the ACL on loans based upon a consideration of its historical portfolio loss experience, current borrower-specific risk characteristics, forecasts of future economic conditions, reversion period, prepayments and qualitative adjustments. The allowance is measured on a collective (loan segment) basis when similar risk characteristics exist. Loans that do not share common risk characteristics are evaluated on an individual basis and are excluded from the collective evaluation. Accrued interest on loans is excluded from the calculation of the ACL due to the Company's non-accrual policy which results in the reversal of uncollectible accrued interest on non-accrual loans against interest income in a timely manner. Accrued interest receivable on loans held-for-investment totaled $12.6 million at June 30, 2021, and is reported in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheet.

The Company’s loan portfolio segmentation includes: multifamily, commercial real estate, one-to-four family residential mortgage, home equity and lines of credit, commercial and industrial, construction and other consumer loans.

Allowance for Collectively Evaluated Loans Held-for-Investment

In estimating the quantitative component of the allowance on a collective basis, the Company uses a risk rating migration model which calculates an expected life of loan loss percentage for each loan by generating probability of default and loss given default metrics. The metrics are based on the migration of loans from performing to loss by credit quality rating or delinquency categories using historical life-of-loan analysis periods for each loan portfolio pool, and the severity of loss, based on the aggregate net lifetime losses incurred using the Company's own historical loss experience and comparable peer data loss history. The model's expected losses based on loss history are adjusted for qualitative factors. Among other things, these adjustments include and account for differences in: (i) changes in lending policies and procedures; (ii) changes in local, regional, national, and international economic and business conditions and developments that affect the collectability of our portfolio, including the condition of various market segments; (iii) changes in the experience, ability and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; (iv) changes in the quality of our loan review system; (v) the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit, and changes in the level of such concentrations; and (vi) the effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses in our existing portfolio.

The Company utilizes a two-year reasonable and supportable forecast period after which estimated losses revert to historical loss experience immediately for the remaining life of the loan. In establishing its estimate of expected credit losses, the Company utilizes five externally-sourced forward-looking economic scenarios developed by Moody's Analytics (“Moody's”).

Management utilizes five different Moody's scenarios so as to incorporate uncertainties related to the unprecedented economic environment arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. These scenarios, which range from more benign to more severe economic outlooks, represent a ‘most likely outcome’ (the “Baseline” scenario) and four less likely scenarios referred to as the “Upside” scenarios and the “Downside” scenarios. Each scenario is assigned a weighting with a majority of the weighting placed on the Baseline scenario and lower weights placed on both the Upside and Downside scenarios. The weighting assigned by management is based on the economic outlook and available information at the reporting date. The model projects economic variables under each scenario based on detailed statistical analyses. The Company has identified and selected key variables that most closely correlated to its historical credit performance, which include: Gross domestic product, unemployment, and three collateral indices: the Commercial Property Price Index, the Commercial Property Price Apartment Index and the Case-Shiller Home Price Index.

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

Allowance for Individually Evaluated Loans

The Company measures specific reserves for individual loans that do not share common risk characteristics with other loans, consisting of all TDRs and non-accrual loans with an outstanding balance of $500,000 or greater. Loans individually evaluated for impairment are assessed to determine that the loan’s carrying value is not in excess of the estimated fair value of the collateral less cost to sell, if the loan is collateral-dependent, or the present value of the expected future cash flows, if the loan is not collateral-dependent. Management performs an evaluation of each impaired loan and generally obtains updated appraisals as part of the evaluation. In addition, management adjusts estimated fair values down to appropriately consider recent market conditions, our willingness to accept a lower sales price to effect a quick sale, and costs to dispose of any supporting collateral. Determining the estimated fair value of underlying collateral (and related costs to sell) can be difficult in illiquid real estate markets and is subject to significant assumptions and estimates. Management employs an independent third-party management firm that specializes in appraisal preparation and review to ascertain the reasonableness of updated appraisals. Projecting the expected cash flows under troubled debt restructurings which are not collateral-dependent is inherently subjective and requires, among other things, an evaluation of the borrower’s current and projected financial condition. Actual results may be significantly different than our projections and our established allowance for credit losses on these loans, which could have a material effect on our financial results. Individually impaired loans that have no impairment losses are not considered for collective allowances described earlier. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the specific component of the ACL for loans individually evaluated for impairment was $68,000 and $73,000, respectively.

Allowance for Credit Losses – Off-Balance Sheet Exposures

An ACL for off-balance-sheet exposures represents an estimate of expected credit losses arising from off-balance sheet exposures such as loan commitments, standby letters of credit and unused lines of credit (loans on books already). Commitments to fund unused lines of credit are agreements to lend additional funds to customers as long as there have been no violations of any of the conditions established in the agreements (original or restructured). Commitments to originate loans generally have a fixed expiration or other termination clauses, which may require payment of a fee. Since some of these loan commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, total commitments do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The reserve for off-balance sheet exposures is determined using the CECL reserve factor in the related funded loan segment, adjusted for an average historical funding rate. The allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet credit exposures is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and the corresponding provision is included in other non-interest expense.

The table below summarizes the allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet credit exposures (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2021		Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Balance at beginning of period	$	1,702	$	808
Impact of CECL adoption	—		737
Balance at beginning of period	1,702		1,545
Provision for credit losses	106		263
Balance at end of period	$	1,808	$	1,808

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

The following tables set forth activity in our allowance for credit losses on loans, by loan type, as of, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, and June 30, 2020 (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
	Real Estate
	Commercial (1)		One-to-Four Family		Construction and Land		Home Equity and Lines of Credit		Commercial and Industrial		Other		Total Loans (excluding PCD)		PCD		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	28,882	$	5,172	$	269	$	643	$	2,940	$	9	$	37,915	$	5,282	$	43,197
Charge-offs	—		—		—		—		(12)		—		(12)		—		(12)
Recoveries	—		1		—		1		7		—		9		—		9
Provisions (credit)	(2,342)		(563)		(10)		19		(341)		(2)		(3,239)		(462)		(3,701)
Ending balance	$	26,540	$	4,610	$	259	$	663	$	2,594	$	7	$	34,673	$	4,820	$	39,493

(1) Commercial includes commercial real estate loans collateralized by owner-occupied, non-owner occupied, and multifamily properties.


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
	Real Estate
	Commercial		One-to-Four Family		Construction and Land		Multifamily		Home Equity and Lines of Credit		Commercial and Industrial		Other		Total Loans (excluding PCI)		PCI		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	5,444	$	312	$	671	$	26,889	$	574	$	2,035	$	86	$	36,011	$	789	$	36,800
Charge-offs	(164)		—		—		—		—		(57)		—		(221)		—		(221)
Recoveries	13		2		—		—		—		3		2		20		—		20
Provisions (credit)	1,406		(42)		266		354		(16)		(135)		88		1,921		—		1,921
Ending balance	$	6,699	$	272	$	937	$	27,243	$	558	$	1,846	$	176	$	37,731	$	789	$	38,520

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
	Real Estate
	Commercial (1)		One-to-Four Family		Construction and Land		Home Equity and Lines of Credit		Commercial and Industrial		Other		Total Loans (excluding PCD)		PCD		Total
Beginning balance	$	33,005	$	207	$	1,214	$	260	$	1,842	$	198	$	36,726	$	881	$	37,607
Impact of CECL adoption	(1,949)		5,233		(921)		419		947		(188)		3,541		6,812		10,353
Balance at January 1, 2021	31,056		5,440		293		679		2,789		10		40,267		7,693		47,960
Charge-offs	—		(21)		—		—		(12)		—		(33)		(2,411)		(2,444)
Recoveries	19		2		—		1		28		2		52		—		52
Provisions (credit)	(4,535)		(811)		(34)		(17)		(211)		(5)		(5,613)		(462)		(6,075)
Ending balance	$	26,540	$	4,610	$	259	$	663	$	2,594	$	7	$	34,673	$	4,820	$	39,493

(1) Commercial includes commercial real estate loans collateralized by owner-occupied, non-owner occupied, and multifamily properties.


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
	Real Estate
	Commercial		One-to-Four Family		Construction and Land		Multifamily		Home Equity and Lines of Credit		Commercial and Industrial		Other		Total Loans (excluding PCI)		PCI		Total
Allowance for loan losses:
Beginning balance	$	4,891	$	180	$	536	$	20,203	$	317	$	1,640	$	151	$	27,918	$	789	$	28,707
Charge-offs	(597)		—		—		—		—		(94)		—		(691)		—		(691)
Recoveries	388		2		—		—		1		9		—		400		—		400
Provisions (credit)	2,017		90		401		7,040		240		291		25		10,104		—		10,104
Ending balance	$	6,699	$	272	$	937	$	27,243	$	558	$	1,846	$	176	$	37,731	$	789	$	38,520

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

The following tables detail the amount of loans receivable held-for-investment, net of deferred loan fees and costs, that are evaluated, individually and collectively, for impairment, and the related portion of the allowance for loan losses that is allocated to each loan portfolio segment, at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):


	June 30, 2021
	Real Estate
	Commercial (1)		One-to-Four Family		Construction and Land		Home Equity and Lines of Credit		Commercial and Industrial		Other		Total Loans (excluding PCD)		PCD		Total
Allowance for credit losses on loans:
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	61	$	4	$	—	$	2	$	1	$	—	$	68	$	—	$	68
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	26,479		4,606		259		661		2,593		7		34,605		4,820		39,425
Loans, net:
Ending balance	3,231,916		193,976		63,125		99,814		209,580		2,170		3,800,581		16,692		3,817,273
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	9,716		1,610		1,107		43		14		—		12,490		—		12,490
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	3,222,200		192,366		62,018		99,771		76,858		2,170		3,655,383		16,692		3,672,075
PPP loans not evaluated for impairment (2)	—		—		—		—		132,708		—		132,708		—		132,708


	December 31, 2020
	Real Estate
	Commercial		One-to-Four Family		Construction and Land		Multifamily		Home Equity and Lines of Credit		Commercial and Industrial		Other		Total Loans (excluding PCI)		PCI		Total
Allowance for credit losses on loans:
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	$	66	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	3	$	4	$	—	$	73	$	—	$	73
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	5,944		207		1,214		26,995		257		1,838		198		36,653		881		37,534
Loans, net:
Ending balance	717,566		212,222		74,351		2,512,934		93,137		191,481		3,029		3,804,720		18,518		3,823,238
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment	10,650		1,903		—		626		47		16		—		13,242		—		13,242
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment	706,916		210,319		74,351		2,512,308		93,090		64,930		3,029		3,664,943		18,518		3,683,461
PPP loans not evaluated for impairment (2)	—		—		—		—		—		126,535		—		126,535		—		126,535

(1) Commercial includes commercial real estate loans collateralized by owner-occupied, non-owner occupied, and multifamily properties.

(2) PPP loans are guaranteed by the SBA and therefore excluded from the allowance for loan losses.

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

Note 8 – Deposits

Deposit account balances are summarized as follows (in thousands):


	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Non-interest-bearing checking	$	826,823	$	695,831
NOW and interest-bearing checking	979,788		905,208
Savings and money market	1,788,545		1,953,885
Certificates of deposit	513,113		521,627
Total deposits	$	4,108,269	$	4,076,551

Interest expense on deposit accounts is summarized for the periods indicated (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
NOW and interest-bearing checking, savings, and money market	$	845	$	2,894	$	1,777	$	6,967
Certificates of deposit	826		4,579		1,764		9,785
Total interest expense on deposit accounts	$	1,671	$	7,473	$	3,541	$	16,752

Note 9 – Equity Incentive Plans

The following table is a summary of the Company’s stock options outstanding as of June 30, 2021, and changes therein during the six months then ended.


	Number of Stock Options	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted Average Exercise Price		Weighted Average Contractual Life (years)
Outstanding - December 31, 2020	2,214,193	$	4.01	$	13.94	3.96

Forfeited	(41,090)	3.96		13.62		—
Exercised	(138,605)	3.92		13.78		—
Outstanding - June 30, 2021	2,034,498	4.01		13.96		3.48
Exercisable - June 30, 2021	2,017,419	4.01		13.94		3.47

Expected future stock option expense related to the non-vested options outstanding as of June 30, 2021, is $15,000 over a weighted average period of 0.4 years.

On January 29, 2021, the Company granted to directors and employees, under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, 147,315 restricted stock units with a total grant-date fair value of $1.8 million. Of these grants, 32,769 vest one year from the date of grant and 114,546 vest in equal installments over a five-year period beginning one year from the date of grant. The Company also issued 29,615 performance-based restricted stock units to its executive officers with a total grant date fair value of $366,041. Vesting of the performance-based restricted stock units will be based on achievement of certain levels of Core Return on Average Assets and will cliff-vest after a three-year measurement period ended January 29, 2024, based on the Company's performance relative to a peer group as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board. At the end of the performance period, the number of actual shares to be awarded may vary between 0% and 225% of target amounts.

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

The following is a summary of the status of the Company’s restricted stock awards at June 30, 2021, and changes therein during the six months then ended.


	Number of Shares Awarded	Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2020	104,010	$	15.91
Granted	176,930	12.59
Vested	(38,470)	15.81
Forfeited	(5,585)	15.28
Non-vested at June 30, 2021	236,885	13.46

Expected future stock award expense related to the non-vested restricted share awards as of June 30, 2021, is $2.3 million over a weighted average period of 3.6 years.

During the three months ended June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020, the Company recorded $261,000 and $432,000, respectively, of stock-based compensation related to the above plan. During the six months ended June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020, the Company recorded $504,000 and $880,000, respectively, of stock-based compensation related to the above plan.

Note 10 – Fair Value Measurements

The following tables present the assets reported on the consolidated balance sheets at their estimated fair value as of June 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, by level within the fair value hierarchy as required by the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Topic of the FASB ASC. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

•Level 1 Inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

•Level 2 Inputs – Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (for example, interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks and default rates) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlations or other means.

•Level 3 Inputs – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

The methods of determining the fair value of assets and liabilities presented in this note are consistent with our methodologies disclosed in Note 15 to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company’s 2020 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)


	Fair Value Measurements at June 30, 2021 Using:
	Carrying Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(in thousands)
Measured on a recurring basis:
Assets:
Investment securities:
Debt securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Government agency	$	2,754	$	—	$	2,754	$	—
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
GSE	229,767		—		229,767		—
REMICs:
GSE	740,378		—		740,378		—

	970,145		—		970,145		—
Other debt securities:

Municipal bonds	78		—		78		—
Corporate bonds	124,446		—		124,446		—

	124,524		—		124,524		—
Total debt securities available-for-sale	1,097,423		—		1,097,423		—
Trading securities	12,743		12,743		—		—
Equity securities	219		219		—		—
Total	$	1,110,385	$	12,962	$	1,097,423	$	—
Measured on a non-recurring basis:
Assets:
Loans individually evaluated for impairment:
Real estate loans:
Commercial real estate	$	3,799	$	—	$	—	$	3,799
One-to-four family residential mortgage	854		—		—		854

Multifamily	9		—		—		9
Home equity and lines of credit	29		—		—		29
Total individually evaluated real estate loans	4,691		—		—		4,691
Commercial and industrial loans	14		—		—		14
Other real estate owned	100		—		—		100
Total	$	4,805	$	—	$	—	$	4,805

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)


	Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2020 Using:
	Carrying Value		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
	(in thousands)
Measured on a recurring basis:
Assets:
Investment securities:
Debt securities available-for-sale:
U.S. Government agency securities	$	3,158	$	—	$	3,158	$	—
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:
GSE	281,343		—		281,343		—
REMICs:
GSE	890,965		—		890,965		—
Non-GSE	4		—		4		—
	1,172,312		—		1,172,312		—
Other debt securities:

Municipal bonds	123		—		123		—
Corporate bonds	88,418		—		88,418		—
Asset-backed securities	794		—		794		—
	89,335		—		89,335		—
Total debt securities available-for-sale	1,264,805		—		1,264,805		—
Trading securities	12,291		12,291		—		—
Equity securities	253		253		—		—
Total	$	1,277,349	$	12,544	$	1,264,805	$	—
Measured on a non-recurring basis:
Assets:
Impaired loans:
Real estate loans:
Commercial real estate	$	5,268	$	—	$	—	$	5,268

Multifamily	16		—		—		16
Home equity and lines of credit	28		—		—		28
Total impaired real estate loans	5,312		—		—		5,312
Commercial and industrial loans	13		—		—		13

Total	$	5,325	$	—	$	—	$	5,325

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

The following table presents qualitative information for Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (dollars in thousands):

Fair Value

Valuation Methodology

Unobservable
Inputs

Range of Inputs

June 30, 2021

December 31, 2020

June 30, 2021

December 31, 2020

Individually evaluated loans

4,705

5,325

Appraisals

Discount for costs to sell

7.0%

Discount for quick sale

10.0%

Discounted cash flows

Interest rates

4.88% to 6.25%

Other real estate owned

100

—

Appraisals

Discount for costs to sell

7.0%

N/A

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

The valuation techniques described below were used to measure fair value of financial instruments in the tables below on a recurring basis and a non-recurring basis at June 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020.

Debt Securities Available for Sale: The estimated fair values for mortgage-backed securities, corporate, and other debt securities are obtained from an independent nationally recognized third-party pricing service. The estimated fair values are derived primarily from cash flow models, which include assumptions for interest rates, credit losses, and prepayment speeds. Broker/dealer quotes are utilized as well, when such quotes are available and deemed representative of the market. The significant inputs utilized in the cash flow models are based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company (Observable Inputs), and are therefore classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. There were no transfers of securities between Level 1 and Level 2 during the six months ended June 30, 2021 or June 30, 2020.

Trading Securities: Fair values are derived from quoted market prices in active markets. The assets consist of publicly traded mutual funds.

Equity Securities: Fair values of equity securities consisting of publicly traded mutual funds are derived from quoted market prices in active markets.

Loans individually evaluated for impairment: At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the Company had loans individually evaluated for impairment (excluding PCD/PCI loans) with outstanding principal balances of $6.8 million and $7.4 million, respectively, which were recorded at their estimated fair value of $4.7 million and $5.3 million, respectively. The Company recorded a net decrease in the specific reserve for impaired loans of $5,000 and a net increase of $177,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020, respectively. Net charge-offs of $2.4 million and $291,000 were recorded for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020, respectively, utilizing Level 3 inputs. For purposes of estimating the fair value of impaired loans, management utilizes independent appraisals, if the loan is collateral-dependent, adjusted downward by management, as necessary, for changes in relevant valuation factors subsequent to the appraisal date, or the present value of expected future cash flows for non-collateral dependent loans and TDRs.

Other Real Estate Owned: At June 30, 2021, the Company had assets acquired through foreclosure of $100,000, recorded at estimated fair value, less estimated selling costs when acquired, thus establishing a new cost basis. Estimated fair value is generally based on independent appraisals. These appraisals include adjustments to comparable assets based on the appraisers’ market knowledge and experience, and are considered Level 3 inputs. When an asset is acquired, the excess of the loan balance over fair value, less estimated selling costs, is charged to the allowance for loan losses. If the estimated fair value of the asset declines, a write-down is recorded through non-interest expense. The valuation of foreclosed assets is subjective in nature and may be adjusted in the future because of changes in the economic conditions.

In addition, the Company may be required, from time to time, to measure the fair value of certain other financial assets on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The adjustments to fair value usually result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write downs of individual assets.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments:

The FASB ASC Topic for Financial Instruments requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis. The methodologies for estimating the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis are discussed above. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of other financial assets and financial liabilities not already discussed above:

(a) Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents are short-term in nature with original maturities of three months or less; the carrying amount approximates fair value. Certificates of deposit having original terms of six-months or less; the carrying value generally approximates fair value. Certificates of deposit with an original maturity of six months or greater; the fair value is derived from discounted cash flows.

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

(b) Debt Securities (Held-to-Maturity)

The estimated fair values for substantially all of our securities are obtained from an independent nationally recognized pricing service. The independent pricing service utilizes market prices of same or similar securities whenever such prices are available. Prices involving distressed sellers are not utilized in determining fair value. Where necessary, the independent third-party pricing service estimates fair value using models employing techniques such as discounted cash flow analysis. The assumptions used in these models typically include assumptions for interest rates, credit losses, and prepayments, utilizing market observable data where available.

The Company uses net asset value as a practical expedient to record its investment in a private SBA Loan Fund since the shares in the fund are not publicly traded, do not have a readily determinable fair value and the net asset value per share is calculated in a manner consistent with the measurement principles of an investment company.

(d) Federal Home Loan Bank of New York Stock

The fair value for Federal Home Loan Bank of New York ("FHLBNY") stock is its carrying value, since this is the amount for which it could be redeemed and there is no active market for this stock.

(e) Loans (Held-for-Investment)

Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type such as originated and purchased, and further segregated by residential mortgage, construction, land, multifamily, commercial and consumer. Each loan category is further segmented into amortizing and non-amortizing and fixed and adjustable rate interest terms and by performing and nonperforming categories. The fair value of loans is estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis. The discount rates used to determine fair value use interest rate spreads that reflect factors such as liquidity, credit, and nonperformance risk of the loans.

(f) Loans (Held-for-Sale)

Held-for-sale loans are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or estimated fair value, less costs to sell, and therefore fair value is equal to carrying value.

(g) Deposits

The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as non-interest bearing demand deposits, savings, NOW and money market accounts, is equal to the amount payable on demand. The fair value of certificates of deposit is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rate is estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

(h) Commitments to Extend Credit and Standby Letters of Credit

The fair value of commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties. For fixed-rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates. The fair value of off-balance sheet commitments is insignificant and therefore not included in the following table.

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

(i) Borrowings

The fair value of borrowed funds is estimated by discounting future cash flows based on rates currently available for debt with similar terms and remaining maturity.

(j) Advance Payments by Borrowers for Taxes and Insurance

Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance have no stated maturity; the fair value is equal to the amount currently payable.

(k) Derivatives

The fair value of the Company's derivatives is determined using discounted cash flow analysis using observable market-based inputs, which are considered Level 2 inputs.

The estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, is presented in the following tables (in thousands):


	June 30, 2021
			Estimated Fair Value
	Carrying Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	193,184	$	193,184	$	—	$	—	$	193,184
Trading securities	12,743		12,743		—		—		12,743
Debt securities available-for-sale	1,097,423		—		1,097,423		—		1,097,423
Debt securities held-to-maturity	6,417		—		6,703		—		6,703
Equity securities	219		219		—		—		219
FHLBNY stock, at cost	24,508		—		24,508		—		24,508

Net loans held-for-investment	3,777,780		—		—		3,894,985		3,894,985
Derivative assets	788		—		788		—		788
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	$	4,108,269	$	—	$	4,112,519	$	—	$	4,112,519
Borrowed funds	470,329		—		481,011		—		481,011
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance	24,203		—		24,203		—		24,203
Derivative liabilities	790		—		790		—		790

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)


	December 31, 2020
			Estimated Fair Value
	Carrying Value		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	87,544	$	87,544	$	—	$	—	$	87,544
Trading securities	12,291		12,291		—		—		12,291
Debt securities available-for-sale	1,264,805		—		1,264,805		—		1,264,805
Debt securities held-to-maturity	7,234		—		7,574		—		7,574
Equity securities	253		253		—		—		253
FHLBNY stock, at cost	28,641		—		28,641		—		28,641
Loans held-for-sale	19,895		—		—		19,895		19,895
Net loans held-for-investment	3,785,631		—		—		3,842,054		3,842,054
Derivative assets	1,498		—		1,498		—		1,498
Financial liabilities:
Deposits	$	4,076,551	$	—	$	4,082,538	$	—	$	4,082,538
Borrowed funds	591,789		—		609,900		—		609,900
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance	19,677		—		19,677		—		19,677
Derivative liabilities	1,502		—		1,502		—		1,502

Limitations

Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected losses, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates. Fair value estimates are based on existing on-and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in the estimates.

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

Note 11 – Earnings Per Share

Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. For purposes of calculating basic earnings per share, weighted average common shares outstanding excludes unallocated employee stock ownership plan (“ESOP”) shares that have not been committed for release and unvested restricted stock.

Diluted earnings per share is computed using the same method as basic earnings per share, but reflects the potential dilution that could occur if stock options were exercised and converted into common stock and unvested shares of restricted stock vested. These potentially dilutive shares would then be included in the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period using the treasury stock method. When applying the treasury stock method we added the assumed proceeds from option exercises and the average unamortized compensation costs related to unvested shares of restricted stock and stock options. We then divided this sum by our average stock price for the period to calculate assumed shares repurchased. The excess of the number of shares issuable over the number of shares assumed to be repurchased is added to basic weighted average common shares to calculate diluted earnings per share.

The following is a summary of the Company’s earnings per share calculations and reconciliation of basic to diluted earnings per share for the periods indicated (in thousands, except per share data):


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Net income available to common stockholders	$	19,794	$	10,793	$	38,471	$	15,344

Weighted average shares outstanding-basic	48,907,585		46,837,473		49,216,157		46,814,647
Effect of non-vested restricted stock and stock options outstanding	400,076		34,017		252,651		112,857
Weighted average shares outstanding-diluted	49,307,661		46,871,490		49,468,808		46,927,504
Earnings per share-basic	$	0.40	$	0.23	$	0.78	$	0.33
Earnings per share-diluted	$	0.40	$	0.23	$	0.78	$	0.33
Anti-dilutive shares	125,744		2,316,695		564,061		1,659,262

Note 12 – Leases

The Company’s leases primarily relate to real estate property for branches and office space with terms extending from three months up to 34.0 years. At June 30, 2021, all of the Company's leases are classified as operating leases, which are required to be recognized on the consolidated balance sheets as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Right-of-use assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recorded at the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, at lease inception, over a similar term in determining the present value of lease payments. Certain leases include options to renew, with one or more renewal terms ranging from five to ten years. If the exercise of a renewal option is considered to be reasonably certain, the Company includes the extended term in the calculation of the right-of-use asset and lease liability.

At June 30, 2021, the Company’s operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities included on the consolidated balance sheet were $34.6 million and $40.7 million, respectively. At December 31, 2020, the Company’s operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities included on the consolidated balance sheet were $36.7 million and $42.7 million, respectively. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, while variable lease payments are recognized as incurred. Variable lease payments include common area maintenance charges, real estate taxes, repairs and maintenance costs and utilities. Operating and variable lease expenses are recorded in occupancy expense on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

Supplemental lease information at or for the six months ended June 30, 2021, and June 30, 2020 is as follows (dollars in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021			2020

Operating lease cost	$	1,453	$	1,423	$	2,908		$	2,862
Variable lease cost	1,010		956		2,245			1,500

Net lease cost	$	2,463	$	2,379	$	5,153		$	4,362
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of operating lease liabilities	$	1,691	$	1,524	$	3,399		$	3,069
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	—		$	3,028
Weighted average remaining lease term					12.24 years			12.63 years
Weighted average discount rate					3.61		%	3.59		%

The following table summarizes lease payment obligations for each of the next five years and thereafter in addition to a reconcilement to the Company's current lease liability (in thousands):


Year	Amount
2021	$	2,937
2022	5,550
2023	5,504
2024	5,067
2025	4,710
Thereafter	28,196
Total lease payments	51,964
Less: imputed interest	11,243
Present value of lease liabilities	$	40,721

As of June 30, 2021, the Company had not entered into any leases that have not yet commenced.

Note 13 – Revenue Recognition

The Company records revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). The standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Topic 606 does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including revenue from loans and securities, which comprise the majority of the Company’s revenue.

The Company’s revenue streams that are within the scope of Topic 606 include service charges on deposit accounts, ATM and card interchange fees, investment services fees, and other miscellaneous income. Fees and service charges for customer services include: (i) service charges on deposit accounts, including account maintenance fees, overdraft fees, insufficient funds fees, wire fees, and other deposit related fees; (ii) ATM and card interchange fees, which include fees generated when a Bank cardholder uses a non-Bank ATM or a non-Bank cardholder uses a Bank ATM, and fees earned whenever the Bank's debit cards are processed through card payment networks such as Visa; and (iii) investment services fees earned through partnering with a third party investment and brokerage service firm to provide insurance and investment products to customers. The Company's performance obligation for fees and service charges is satisfied and related revenue recognized immediately or in the month of performance of services. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020, other income primarily includes rental income from subleasing one of the Company's branches to a third party and loan servicing fees. Other income is recognized at the time the transaction occurs.

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

The following table summarizes non-interest income for the periods indicated (in thousands):


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Fees and service charges for customer services:
Service charges	$	690	$	356	$	1,410	$	1,109
ATM and card interchange fees	483		275		882		579
Investment fees	154		35		232		98
Total fees and service charges for customer services	1,327		666		2,524		1,786
Income on bank-owned life insurance (1)	857		865		1,705		1,741
Gains on available-for-sale debt securities, net (1)	509		73		606		60
Gains (losses) on trading securities, net (1)	807		1,626		1,171		(366)
Gains on sales of loans (1)	1,401		665		1,401		665
Swap income (1)	—		308		—		384
Other	15		35		145		76
Total non-interest income	$	4,916	$	4,238	$	7,552	$	4,346

(1) Not in scope of Topic 606

Note 14 – Derivatives

The Company has interest rate derivatives resulting from a service provided to certain qualified borrowers in a loan-related transaction and, therefore, are not used to manage interest rate risk in the Company’s assets or liabilities. The interest rate swap agreement which the Company executes with the commercial borrower is collateralized by the borrower’s commercial real estate financed by the Company. The collateral exceeds the maximum potential amount of future payments under the credit derivative. As these interest rate swaps do not meet the hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer swaps and the offsetting swaps are recognized directly in earnings.

At June 30, 2021, the Company had seven interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $38.7 million. At December 31, 2020, the Company had seven interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $39.2 million. For both the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recorded net fee income of $0. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, the company recorded net fee income of $308,000 and $384,000, respectively.

The table below presents the fair value of the derivatives as well as their location on the consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):


	Fair Value
Balance Sheet Location	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Other assets	$	788	$	1,498
Other liabilities	790		1,502

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

Note 15 – Recent Accounting Pronouncements Adopted

ASU No. 2016-13. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): “Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments” (“ASU 2016-13”). This guidance was subsequently amended by ASU No. 2019-04, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses, Topic 815, Derivatives and Hedging, and Topic 825, Financial Instruments” ASU No. 2019-05, “Financial Instruments-Credit Losses (Topic 326): Targeted Transition Relief” and ASU No. 2019-11, “Codification Improvements to Topic 326, Financial Instruments-Credit Losses”. ASU No. 2016-13 and its subsequent updates are collectively known as “CECL”. CECL replaces the current incurred loss impairment model that recognizes losses when a probable threshold is met with a requirement to recognize lifetime expected credit losses immediately when a financial asset is originated or purchased. For available-for-sale debt securities where fair value is less than cost, credit-related impairment would be recognized in an allowance for credit losses and adjusted in each subsequent period for changes in credit risk. CECL also expands the disclosure requirements regarding an entity’s assumptions, models, and methods for estimating the allowance for credit losses.

ASU 2016-13 and its related amendments were initially effective for financial statements for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company elected to defer the adoption of the CECL methodology permitted by the CARES Act, signed into law on March 27, 2020, which provided financial institutions with the option to defer adoption of ASU 2016-13 until the earlier of the end of the pandemic or December 31, 2020. This relief was further extended by the Consolidations Appropriations Act enacted on December 27, 2020, to the earlier of the first day of an entity's fiscal year after the date the national emergency terminates or January 1, 2022. The Company adopted ASU 2016-13 and its related amendments on January 1, 2021, using a modified retrospective approach. Our implementation process included: assessment and documentation of governance and reporting processes and related internal controls; model development, documentation and validation; and the incorporation of qualitative adjustments for model limitations, among other things. ASU 2016-13 lists several credit loss methods that are acceptable such as a discounted cash flow method, loss-rate method and probability of default/loss given default (“PD/LGD”) method. The Company utilizes the PD/LGD methodology to estimate its allowance for loan losses.

At adoption, the Company recorded an $11.1 million increase to its allowance for credit losses, including reserves of $10.4 million related to loans and $737,000 related to unfunded credit commitments. Of the $10.4 million increase in loan reserves, $6.8 million represents PCD loan-related reserves which were recognized through a gross-up that increases the amortized cost basis of loans with a corresponding increase to the allowance for credit losses, and therefore results in no impact to shareholders' equity. The non-PCD loan related increase to the allowance for credit losses of $4.3 million, including the reserves for unfunded loan commitments, was offset in shareholders' equity and deferred tax assets. For further details on the adoption of CECL see Note 6 - Loans and Note 7 - Allowance for Credit Losses on Loans.

ASU No. 2019-12. In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes.” ASU No. 2019-12 simplifies accounting for income taxes by removing specific technical exceptions in ASC 740 related to the incremental approach for intra-period tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition for deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. ASU No. 2019-12 also simplifies aspects of the accounting for franchise taxes and enacted changes in tax laws or rates and clarifies the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020. The Company adopted ASU 2019-12 on January 1, 2021, which did not have a material impact on the Company's financial condition or results of operations.

Table of Contents

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This Quarterly Report contains certain “forward-looking statements,” which can be identified by the use of such words as “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “seek,” “expect,” “annualized,” “could,” “may,” “should,” “will,” and words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

•statements of our goals, intentions, and expectations;

•statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth and operating strategies;

•statements regarding the quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and

•estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits.

These forward-looking statements are based on the current beliefs and expectations of our management and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change.

The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements:

•the disruption to local, regional, national and global economic activity caused by infectious disease outbreaks, including the outbreak of the novel coronavirus and variants there-of, including the delta variant (“COVID-19”), and the significant impact that such outbreaks may have on our growth, operations, earnings and asset quality;

•general economic conditions, either nationally or in our market areas, including employment prospects, real estate values and conditions, that are worse than expected;

•competition among depository and other financial institutions;

•inflation and changes in the interest rate environment that reduce our margins and yields or reduce the fair value of financial instruments;

•adverse changes in the securities or credit markets;

•changes in laws, tax policies, or government regulations or policies affecting financial institutions, including changes in regulatory fees and capital requirements;

•our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities;

•our ability to access cost-effective funding;

•our ability to successfully integrate acquired entities;

•changes in consumer demand, spending, borrowing and savings habits;

•changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”), the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), or the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board;

•cyber attacks, computer viruses and other technological risks that may breach the security of our websites or other systems to obtain unauthorized access to confidential information and destroy data or disable our systems;

•technological changes that may be more difficult or expensive than expected;

•changes in our organization, compensation, and benefit plans;

•our ability to retain key employees;

•changes in the level of government support for housing finance;

•changes in monetary or fiscal policies of the U.S. Government, including policies of the U.S. Treasury and the Federal Reserve Board (the “FRB”);

•the ability of the U.S. Government to manage federal debt limits;

•the ability of third-party providers to perform their obligations to us;

•significant increases in our loan losses; and

•changes in the financial condition, results of operations, or future prospects of issuers of securities that we own.

Given the ongoing and dynamic nature of current economic circumstances, it is difficult to predict the full impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on our business. The extent of such impact will depend on future developments, which remain uncertain, including new information which may emerge concerning COVID-19, the new COVID-19 delta variant, and the actions to contain or treat its impact. As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the related adverse local and national economic consequences, we could be subject to any of the following risks, any of which could have a material, adverse effect on our business, financial condition, liquidity, and results of operations:

Table of Contents

•demand for our products and services may decline, making it difficult to execute on our strategic initiatives related to growing assets and earnings;

•if the economy is unable to fully reopen, and increased levels of unemployment continue for an extended period of time, loan delinquencies, problem assets, and foreclosures may increase, resulting in increased charge-offs and reduced income;

•a worsening of business and economic conditions or a downturn in the financial markets could result in an impairment of certain intangible assets, such as goodwill or our servicing assets;

•litigation, regulatory enforcement risk and reputation risk regarding our participation in the Paycheck Protection Program (“PPP”) and the risk that the Small Business Administration (the “SBA”) may not fund some or all PPP loan guaranties;

•disruptions in the businesses or the unavailability of the services of third parties we use in our operations such as property appraisers, loan servicers, providers of electronic payment and settlement systems, and local and federal government agencies and courthouses, could negatively affect our operations;

•collateral for loans, especially real estate, may decline in value, which could cause loan losses to increase;

•our allowance for loan losses may increase if borrowers experience financial difficulties beyond forbearance periods, which will adversely affect our net income;

•the net worth and liquidity of loan guarantors may decline, impairing their ability to honor commitments to us;

•as the result of the decline in the FRB's target federal funds rate, the yield on our assets may decline to a greater extent than the decline in our cost of interest-bearing liabilities, reducing our net interest margin and spread and reducing net income;

•a material decrease in net income or a net loss over several quarters could result in a decrease or elimination of our quarterly cash dividend;

•potential goodwill impairment charges if acquired assets and operations are adversely affected and remain at reduced levels;

•our cyber security risks are increased to the extent we have an increase in the number of employees working remotely;

•Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) premiums may increase if the agency experience additional resolution costs;

•Internal controls as designed may not prove effective, to the extent procedures are modified as a result of remote work locations; and

•the unanticipated loss or unavailability of key employees due to the outbreak, which could harm our ability to operate our business or execute our business strategy, especially as we may not be successful in finding and integrating suitable successors.

Because of these and other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on such statements. Except as required by law, we disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Table of Contents

Critical Accounting Policies

Note 1 to the Company’s Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2020, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, as supplemented by this report, contains a summary of significant accounting policies. Various elements of these accounting policies, by their nature, are inherently subject to estimation techniques, valuation assumptions and other subjective assessments. Certain assets are carried in the consolidated balance sheets at estimated fair value or the lower of cost or estimated fair value. Policies with respect to the methodologies used to determine the allowance for credit losses on loans, estimated cash flows of our purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”, or, previously, purchased credit-impaired “PCI”) loans, and judgments regarding the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets are the most critical accounting policies because they are important to the presentation of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations, involve a higher degree of complexity, and require management to make subjective judgments which often require assumptions or estimates about highly uncertain matters. The use of different judgments, assumptions, and estimates could result in material differences in the results of operations or financial condition. These critical accounting policies and their application are reviewed periodically and, at least annually, with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors.

At June 30, 2021, we identified our policy on the allowance for credit losses to be a critical accounting policy because management has to make subjective and/or complex judgments about matters that are inherently uncertain and because it is likely that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. On January 1, 2021, we adopted new accounting guidance which requires entities to estimate and recognize an allowance for lifetime expected credit losses for loans, unfunded credit commitments and held-to-maturity debt securities measured at amortized cost. Previously, an allowance for credit losses on loans was recognized based on probable incurred losses. See Notes 6, 7 and 15 to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our accounting policies and methodologies for establishing the allowance for credit losses.

The accounting estimates relating to the allowance for credit losses remain "critical accounting estimates" for the following reasons:

•Changes in the provision for credit losses can materially affect our financial results;

•Estimates relating to the allowance for credit losses require us to utilize a reasonable and supportable forecast period based upon forward-looking economic scenarios in order to estimate probability of default and loss given default rates which our CECL methodology encompasses;

•The allowance for credit losses is influenced by factors outside of our control such as industry and business trends, as well as economic conditions such as trends in housing prices, interest rates, gross domestic product, inflation, and unemployment; and

•Judgment is required to determine whether the models used to generate the allowance for credit losses produce an estimate that is sufficient to encompass the current view of lifetime expected credit losses.

Our estimation process is subject to risks and uncertainties, including a reliance on historical loss and trend information that may not be representative of current conditions and indicative of future performance. Changes in such estimates could significantly impact our allowance and provision for credit losses. Accordingly, our actual credit loss experience may not be in line with our expectations.

For a further discussion of the critical accounting policies of the Company, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Table of Contents

Overview

This overview highlights selected information and may not contain all the information that is important to you in understanding our performance during the period. For a more complete understanding of trends, events, commitments, uncertainties, liquidity, capital resources, and critical accounting estimates, you should read this entire document carefully, as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Net income was $38.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to $15.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. Basic and diluted earnings per common share were $0.78 for the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to basic and diluted earnings per common share of $0.33 for the six months ended June 30, 2020. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, our return on average assets was 1.40%, as compared to 0.61% for the six months ended June 30, 2020. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, our return on average stockholders’ equity was 10.28% as compared to 4.37% for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The most significant impact on our results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to the prior year period, was the decrease in our provision for loan losses, which decreased by $16.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, to a negative provision of $6.1 million, compared to a provision of $10.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The higher provision for loan losses in the first half of 2020 was primarily due to increases in the qualitative factors used in determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses related to unemployment, loan risk rating changes and increased risks related to loans on forbearance resulting from economic uncertainty attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic under the incurred loss methodology. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, the Company recorded a negative provision of $6.1 million, reflecting continued improvement in the economic forecast as well as an improvement in asset quality and a decline in loan balances. Earnings for the six months ended June 30, 2021 also included approximately $1.9 million of accretable income related to the payoffs of PCD loans, gains on sales of loans of $1.4 million, and $2.8 million in fees related to loans originated under the PPP. Earnings for the six months ended June 30, 2020, included gains on sales of loans of $665,000 and merger-related expenses of $384,000.

Total assets decreased by $87.6 million, or 1.6%, to $5.43 billion at June 30, 2021, from $5.51 billion at December 31, 2020, primarily due to a decrease in available-for-sale debt securities of $167.4 million, or 13.2%, and a decrease in total loans of $25.9 million, or 0.7%, partially offset by an increase in cash and cash equivalents of $105.6 million, or 120.7%.

The Company adopted the CECL accounting standard effective January 1, 2021, and recorded an increase in the allowance for credit losses of $11.1 million, comprised of $10.4 million and $737,000 for loans and unfunded commitments, respectively, including $6.8 million related to PCD loans. For PCD loans, the allowance for credit losses recorded is recognized through a gross-up that increases the amortized cost basis of loans with a corresponding increase to the allowance for credit losses, and, therefore results in no impact to stockholders' equity. The remaining increase to the allowance for credit losses of $4.3 million was offset in stockholders' equity and deferred tax assets.

Comparison of Financial Condition at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020

Total assets decreased $87.6 million, or 1.6%, to $5.43 billion at June 30, 2021, from $5.51 billion at December 31, 2020. The decrease was primarily due to a decrease in available-for-sale debt securities of $167.4 million, or 13.2%, and a decrease in total loans of $25.9 million, or 0.7%, partially offset by an increase in cash and cash equivalents of $105.6 million, or 120.7%.

Cash and cash equivalents increased by $105.6 million, or 120.7%, to $193.2 million at June 30, 2021, from $87.5 million at December 31, 2020, primarily due to the liquidity obtained from loans and securities sales and paydowns as well as growth in deposits. Balances fluctuate based on the timing of receipt of security and loan repayments and the redeployment of cash into higher-yielding assets such as loans and securities, or the funding of deposit outflows or borrowing maturities.

The Company’s available-for-sale debt securities portfolio decreased by $167.4 million, or 13.2%, to $1.10 billion at June 30, 2021, from $1.26 billion at December 31, 2020. The decrease was primarily attributable to sales, paydowns, maturities, and calls. At June 30, 2021, $970.1 million of the portfolio consisted of residential mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, or Ginnie Mae. In addition, the Company held $2.8 million in U.S. Government agency securities, $124.4 million in corporate bonds, all of which were considered investment grade at June 30, 2021, and $78,000 in municipal bonds. The effective duration of the securities portfolio at June 30, 2021 was 1.21 years.

Table of Contents

As of June 30, 2021, our non-owner occupied commercial real estate concentration (as defined by regulatory guidance) to total risk-based capital was approximately 461.2%. Management believes that Northfield Bank (the “Bank“) has implemented appropriate risk management practices including risk assessments, board-approved underwriting policies and related procedures, which include monitoring Bank portfolio performance, performing market analysis (economic and real estate), and stressing of the Bank’s commercial real estate portfolio under severe, adverse economic conditions. Although management believes the Bank has implemented appropriate policies and procedures to manage its commercial real estate concentration risk, the Bank’s regulators could require it to implement additional policies and procedures or could require it to maintain higher levels of regulatory capital, which might adversely affect its loan originations, ability to pay dividends, and profitability.

Loans held-for-investment, net, decreased $6.0 million to $3.82 billion at June 30, 2021, from $3.82 billion at December 31, 2020, primarily due to the $126.3 million sale of a portfolio of multifamily loans and loan payoffs in other segments, related to refinancings as rates are at historical lows, partially offset by loan growth. One-to-four family residential loans decreased by $16.8 million, or 8.0%, to $194.0 million at June 30, 2021, from $210.8 million at December 31, 2020. Multifamily real estate loans decreased by $12.7 million, or 0.5%, to $2.50 billion at June 30, 2021, from $2.51 billion at December 31, 2020. Construction and land loans decreased by $11.2 million, or 15.1%, to $63.1 million at June 30, 2021 from $74.3 million at December 31, 2020. These decreases were offset by increases in commercial real estate loans of $18.3 million, or 2.6%, to $735.3 million at June 30, 2021 from $717.0 million at December 31, 2020, and in commercial and industrial loans of $15.2 million, or 7.8%, to $209.6 million at June 30, 2021, from $194.4 million at December 31, 2020.

The following tables detail our multifamily real estate originations for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and 2020 (in thousands):


For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
Multifamily Originations		Weighted Average Interest Rate	Weighted Average LTV Ratio	Weighted Average Months to Next Rate Change or Maturity for Fixed Rate Loans	(F)ixed or (V)ariable	Amortization Term
$	385,363	3.12%	62%	74	V	10 to 30 Years


For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2020
Multifamily Originations		Weighted Average Interest Rate	Weighted Average LTV Ratio	Weighted Average Months to Next Rate Change or Maturity for Fixed Rate Loans	(F)ixed or (V)ariable	Amortization Term
$	258,084	3.66%	60%	92	V	30 Years
1,500		4.40%	47%	180	F	15 Years
$	259,584	3.66%	60%

There were no loans held-for-sale at June 30, 2021 compared to $19.9 million at December 31, 2020. At December 31, 2020, loans held-for-sale were comprised of commercial real estate and multifamily loans, primarily accommodation loans that were modified in the form of interest and/or principal payment deferrals due to COVID-19 related hardships, and had not returned to contractual payments after 180 days of relief. The sale of these loans was completed in March 2021.

PCD loans totaled $16.7 million at June 30, 2021, and $18.5 million at December 31, 2020. Upon adoption of the CECL accounting standard on January 1, 2021, the allowance for credit losses related to PCD loans was recorded through a gross-up that increased the amortized cost-basis of PCD loans by $6.8 million with a corresponding increase to the allowance for credit losses. The decrease in the PCD loan balance at June 30, 2021, was due to the sale of PCD loans as well as payoffs. The majority of the remaining PCD loan balance consists of loans acquired as part of a FDIC-assisted transaction. The Company accreted interest income of $443,000 and $2.9 million attributable to PCD loans for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, as compared to $717,000 and $1.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020, respectively. The increase in income accreted for the six months ended June 30, 2021, was related to the payoff of PCD loans. PCD loans had an allowance for credit losses of approximately $4.8 million at June 30, 2021.

Bank-owned life insurance increased $1.7 million, or 1.1%, to $163.6 million at June 30, 2021, as compared to $161.9 million at December 31, 2020. The increase resulted from income earned on bank-owned life insurance for the six months ended June 30, 2021.

Table of Contents

Other assets increased $8.2 million, or 32.5%, to $33.6 million at June 30, 2021, from $25.4 million at December 31, 2020. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in net deferred tax assets.

Total liabilities decreased $86.9 million, or 1.8%, to $4.67 billion at June 30, 2021, from $4.76 billion at December 31, 2020. The decrease was primarily attributable to a decrease in Federal Home Loan Bank and other borrowings of $96.5 million and a decrease in securities sold under agreements to repurchase of $25.0 million, partially offset by an increase in deposits of $31.7 million and an increase in advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance of $4.5 million.

Deposits increased $31.7 million, or 0.8%, to $4.11 billion at June 30, 2021, as compared to $4.08 billion at December 31, 2020. The increase was attributable to increases of $205.6 million in non-interest-bearing checking and interest-bearing checking accounts and $18.9 million in savings accounts, partially offset by a decrease of $184.2 million in money market accounts and $8.5 million in certificates of deposit. We continue to see balance runoff from high cost money market and certificates of deposit categories as we have strategically chosen not to compete on rate at this time.

Borrowings and securities sold under agreements to repurchase decreased to $470.3 million at June 30, 2021, from $591.8 million at December 31, 2020. Management utilizes borrowings to mitigate interest rate risk, for short-term liquidity, and to a lesser extent as part of leverage strategies.

The following is a table of term borrowing maturities (excluding overnight borrowings and floating rate advances) and the weighted average rate by year at June 30, 2021 (in thousands):


Year	Amount	Weighted Average Rate
2021	$48,275	2.00%
2022	120,000	2.29%
2023	87,500	2.89%
2024	50,000	2.47%
2025	112,500	1.48%
Thereafter	45,000	1.45%
	$463,275	2.11%

Total stockholders’ equity decreased by $771,000 to $753.2 million at June 30, 2021, from $754.0 million at December 31, 2020. The decrease was attributable to $24.8 million in stock repurchases, $11.8 million in dividend payments, and a $2.7 million decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income associated with a reduction in unrealized gains on our debt securities available-for-sale portfolio, partially offset by net income of $38.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, and a $3.2 million increase in equity award activity. The Company repurchased 1,643,094 shares of its common stock outstanding at an average price of $15.11 for a total of $24.8 million during the six months ended June 30, 2021, pursuant to the approved stock repurchase plan. As of June 30, 2021, the Company had approximately $36.7 million in remaining capacity under its current repurchase program. In connection with the adoption of CECL, effective January 1, 2021, the Company recognized a cumulative effect adjustment that reduced stockholders’ equity by $3.1 million, net of tax, to establish initial allowances against credit losses on loans and off-balance sheet credit exposures.

Table of Contents

Comparison of Operating Results for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

Net Income. Net income was $38.5 million and $15.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020, respectively. Significant variances from the comparable prior year period were as follows: an $18.7 million increase in net interest income, a $16.2 million decrease in the provision for loan losses, a $3.2 million increase in non-interest income, a $5.9 million increase in non-interest expense, and a $9.1 million increase in income tax expense.

Interest Income. Interest income increased $4.7 million, or 5.6%, to $88.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, from $83.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, due to an increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets of $504.2 million, or 10.6%. The increase was due primarily to increases in the average balance of loans outstanding of $381.6 million, the average balance of mortgage-backed securities of $107.4 million and the average balance of interest-earning deposits in financial institutions of $38.2 million, partially offset by decreases in the average balance of other securities of $20.8 million and the average balance of Federal Home Loan Bank of New York (“FHLBNY”) stock of $2.2 million. Partially offsetting the increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets was a 15 basis point decrease in the yields earned on interest-earning assets to 3.40% for the six months ended June 30, 2021, from 3.55% for the comparative prior year period. The decrease in earning asset yields was due to decreases in market interest rates coupled with PPP loan originations, which have lower yields than other loans. The Company accreted interest income related to its PCD/PCI loans of $2.9 million and $1.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020, respectively. The increase in accretable interest income was primarily related to payoffs of PCD loans in the first quarter of 2021. Interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2021, included loan prepayment income of $2.2 million as compared to $992,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2020. Also contributing to the increase in interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2021 were fees related to loans originated under the PPP of approximately $2.8 million.

Interest Expense. Interest expense decreased $14.0 million, or 59.8%, to $9.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to $23.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The decrease was due to a decrease in interest expense on deposits of $13.2 million, or 78.9%, as well as a decrease in interest expense on borrowings of $829,000, or 12.3%. The decrease in interest expense on deposits was attributable to a 86 basis point decrease in the cost of interest-bearing deposits to 0.21% for the six months ended June 30, 2021, partially offset by a $218.7 million, or 7.0% increase in the average balance of interest-bearing deposit accounts, due to our acquisition of VSB Bancorp, Inc. (“Victory”) on July 1, 2020, as well as organic deposit growth. The decrease in the cost of interest-bearing deposits was primarily due to the lower interest rate environment and a change in the composition of the deposit portfolio as the average balance of transaction accounts increased and the average balance of certificates of deposit decreased. The decrease in interest expense on borrowings was primarily attributable to a $103.1 million, or 15.2%, decrease in average borrowings outstanding, which was partially offset by a seven basis point increase in the average cost of borrowings.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income for the six months ended June 30, 2021, increased $18.7 million, or 31.1%, to $78.9 million, from $60.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, primarily due to a $504.2 million, or 10.6%, increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets and a 48 basis point increase in net interest margin to 3.03% from 2.55% for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets was due to increases in the average balance of loans outstanding of $381.6 million, the average balance of mortgage-backed securities of $107.4 million and the average balance of interest-earning deposits in financial institutions of $38.2 million, partially offset by decreases in the average balance of other securities of $20.8 million and the average balance of FHLBNY stock of $2.2 million. The increase in net interest margin was primarily due to the decrease in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities outpacing the decrease in yields on interest-earning assets. Yields on interest earning assets decreased 15 basis points to 3.40% for the six months ended June 30, 2021, from 3.55% for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The cost of interest bearing liabilities decreased by 76 basis points to 0.48% for the six months ended June 30, 2021, from 1.24% for the six months ended June 30, 2020, primarily driven by lower cost of deposits.

Provision for Loan Losses. The provision for loan losses decreased by $16.2 million to a negative provision of $6.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to a provision of $10.1 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, driven by continued improvement in the economic forecast and an improvement in asset quality as well as a decline in loan balances. The higher provision for loan losses in the first half of 2020 was primarily due to increases in qualitative factors used in determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses related to unemployment, loan risk rating changes and increased risks related to loans on forbearance resulting from economic uncertainty attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic under the incurred loss methodology. Net charge-offs were $2.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, primarily related to PCD loans, as compared to $292,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2020.

Table of Contents

On January 1, 2021, the Company adopted the CECL accounting standard. CECL requires the measurement of all expected credit losses over the life of financial instruments held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable and supportable forecasts. In connection with the adoption of CECL, the Company recognized a cumulative effect adjustment that reduced stockholders’ equity by $3.1 million, net of tax. At adoption, the Company increased its allowance for credit losses by $11.1 million, comprised of $10.4 million and $737,000, respectively, for loans and unfunded commitments, including $6.8 million related to PCD loans. For PCD loans, the allowance for credit losses recorded is recognized through a gross-up that increases the amortized cost basis of loans with a corresponding increase to the allowance for credit losses, and therefore results in no impact to shareholders' equity.

Non-interest Income. Non-interest income increased $3.2 million to $7.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, from $4.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020, due primarily to: an increase of $738,000 in fees and service charges for customer services, as the prior year period reflected fees waived and fewer transactions related to lower consumer spending in the early part of the pandemic; an increase of $546,000 in gains on sales of available-for-sale debt securities, net; a $1.5 million increase in gains on trading securities, net; and a $736,000 increase in gains on sales of loans. The increase in gains on sales of loans resulted from the sales of approximately $126.3 million of multifamily loans for gains of $1.4 million in the second quarter of 2021 compared to sales of $47.5 million of multifamily loans for gains of $665,000 in the second quarter of 2020. The Company periodically considers the sale of loans to manage its overall risk profile, including consideration of interest rate risk, concentration risk and capital deployment opportunities. For the six months ended June 30, 2021, gains on trading securities were $1.2 million as compared to losses of $366,000 for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The trading portfolio is utilized to fund the Company’s deferred compensation obligation to certain employees and directors of the Company's deferred compensation plan (the “Plan”). The participants of this Plan, at their election, defer a portion of their compensation. Gains and losses on trading securities have no effect on net income since participants benefit from, and bear the full risk of, changes in the trading securities market values. Therefore, the Company records an equal and offsetting amount in compensation expense, reflecting the change in the Company’s obligations under the Plan. Partially offsetting the increases, was a $315,000 decrease in other income primarily due to lower swap fee income for the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to the comparable prior year period due to a lower volume of such transaction in 2021.

Non-interest Expense. Non-interest expense increased $5.9 million, or 17.6%, to $39.4 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to $33.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. This was due primarily to a $3.6 million increase in employee compensation and benefits, $1.5 million of which is attributable to the increase in the Company's deferred compensation plan expense, which as discussed above has no effect on net income, as well as increases in salary and medical benefit expenses associated with increased personnel from the Victory acquisition. Additionally, occupancy expense increased by $1.1 million, primarily related to additional branches from the Victory acquisition, renovation of existing branches and higher snow removal costs in the first quarter of 2021. Data processing fees increased by $358,000 related to the Victory acquisition and organic growth in loan and deposit accounts. FDIC insurance premiums increased by $505,000 due to small bank assessment credits being applied in the prior year. Other expense increased by $537,000, primarily due to an increase in the reserve for unfunded commitments. Partially offsetting the increases was a $416,000 decrease in professional fees, primarily due to lower merger-related costs.

Income Tax Expense. The Company recorded income tax expense of $14.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, compared to $5.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2021, was 27.5% compared to 26.5% for the six months ended June 30, 2020. The higher effective tax rate was primarily due to higher taxable income. Additionally, on April 19, 2021, the Governor of New York signed into law an increase in the New York State corporate income tax rate from 6.5% to 7.25%.

Table of Contents

The following table sets forth average balances, average yields and costs, and certain other information for the periods indicated.


	For the Six Months Ended
	June 30, 2021						June 30, 2020
	Average Outstanding Balance		Interest		Average Yield/ Rate (1)		Average Outstanding Balance		Interest		Average Yield/ Rate (1)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans (2)	$	3,911,215	$	80,976	4.18	%	$	3,529,569	$	70,680	4.03	%
Mortgage-backed securities (3)	1,041,493		5,641		1.09		934,114		9,926		2.14
Other securities (3)	121,609		908		1.51		142,446		1,801		2.54
Federal Home Loan Bank of New York stock	28,169		706		5.05		30,371		1,033		6.84
Interest-earning deposits in financial institutions	141,899		72		0.10		103,673		203		0.39
Total interest-earning assets	5,244,385		88,303		3.40		4,740,173		83,643		3.55
Non-interest-earning assets	303,183						295,218
Total assets	$	5,547,568					$	5,035,391

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Savings, NOW, and money market accounts	$	2,761,541	$	1,777	0.13	%	$	2,067,140	$	6,967	0.68	%
Certificates of deposit	592,983		1,764		0.60		1,068,660		9,785		1.84
Total interest-bearing deposits	3,354,524		3,541		0.21		3,135,800		16,752		1.07
Borrowed funds	574,240		5,899		2.07		677,293		6,728		2.00
Total interest-bearing liabilities	$	3,928,764	9,440		0.48		$	3,813,093	23,480		1.24
Non-interest bearing deposits	767,495						423,563
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	96,759						92,543
Total liabilities	4,793,018						4,329,199
Stockholders' equity	754,550						706,192
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	5,547,568					$	5,035,391

Net interest income			$	78,863					$	60,163
Net interest rate spread (4)					2.92	%					2.31	%
Net interest-earning assets (5)	$	1,315,621					$	927,080
Net interest margin (6)					3.03	%					2.55	%
Average interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities					133.49	%					124.31	%

(1) Average yields and rates are annualized.

(2) Includes non-accruing loans.

(3) Securities available-for-sale and other securities are reported at amortized cost.

(4) Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities.

(5) Net interest-earning assets represent total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities.

(6) Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.

Table of Contents

Comparison of Operating Results for the Three Months Ended June 30, 2021 and 2020

Net Income. Net income was $19.8 million and $10.8 million for the quarters ended June 30, 2021, and June 30, 2020, respectively. Significant variances from the comparable prior year quarter were as follows: an $8.5 million increase in net interest income, a $5.6 million decrease in the provision for loan losses, a $678,000 increase in non-interest income, a $2.0 million increase in non-interest expense, and a $3.7 million increase in income tax expense.

Interest Income. Interest income increased $2.3 million, or 5.7%, to $43.2 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2021, from $40.9 million for the quarter June 30, 2020, primarily due to an increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets of $438.9 million, or 9.2%. The increase in average balance of interest-earning assets was due primarily to increases in the average balance of loans outstanding of $360.4 million, the average balance of mortgage-backed securities of $54.3 million, the average balance of other securities of $12.7 million, and the average balance of interest-earning deposits in financial institutions of $13.4 million. Partially offsetting the increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets, was a 12 basis point decrease in the yields earned on interest-earning assets to 3.31% for the quarter ended June 30, 2021, from 3.43% for the comparable prior year quarter. The decrease in earning asset yields was due to decreases in market interest rates coupled with PPP loan originations which have lower yields than other loans. The Company accreted interest income related to its PCI loans of $443,000 and $717,000 for the quarters ended June 30, 2021 and June 30, 2020, respectively. Interest income on loans for the quarter ended June 30, 2021, included loan prepayment income of $1.3 million, as compared to $365,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2020. Interest income for the quarter ended June 30, 2021 included PPP fee income of approximately $1.6 million.

Interest Expense. Interest expense decreased $6.1 million, or 57.4%, to $4.5 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2021, from $10.7 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2020. The decrease was due to a decrease in interest expense on deposits of $5.8 million, or 77.6%, and a decrease in interest expense on borrowings of $330,000, or 10.3%. The decrease in interest expense on deposits was attributable to a 75 basis point decrease in the cost of interest-bearing deposits to 0.20% for the quarter ended June 30, 2021, partially offset by a $173.8 million, or 5.5%, increase in the average balance of interest-bearing deposit accounts due to the Victory acquisition as well as organic deposit growth. The decrease in the cost of interest-bearing deposits was primarily due to the lower interest rate environment and a change in the composition of the deposit portfolio as the average balance of transaction accounts increased and the average balance of certificates of deposit decreased. The decrease in interest expense on borrowings was primarily attributable to a $118.4 million, or 17.5%, decrease in the balance of average borrowings outstanding, partially offset by a 16 basis point increase in the cost of borrowed funds for the quarter ended June 30, 2021 as compared to the comparable prior year quarter.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income for the quarter ended June 30, 2021, increased $8.5 million, or 28.0%, to $38.7 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2021 from $30.2 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, primarily due to a $438.9 million, or 9.2%, increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets, and a 43 basis point increase in net interest margin to 2.96% from 2.53% for the quarter ended June 30, 2020. The increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets was due to increases in the average balance of loans outstanding of $360.4 million, the average balance of mortgage-backed securities of $54.3 million, the average balance of other securities of $12.7 million and the average balance of interest-earning deposits in financial institutions of $13.4 million, partially offset by a decrease of $1.8 million in the average balance of FHLBNY stock. The increase in net interest margin was primarily due to the decrease in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities outpacing the decrease in yields on interest earning assets. Yields on interest earning assets decreased by 12 basis points to 3.31% for the quarter ended June 30, 2021, from 3.43% for the quarter ended June 30, 2020. The cost of interest-bearing liabilities decreased by 65 basis points to 0.47% for the quarter ended June 30, 2021, from 1.12% for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, driven primarily by lower cost of deposits due to the low interest rate environment and a change in the composition of the deposit portfolio as the average balance of transaction accounts increased and the average balance of certificates of deposit decreased. Net interest income for the quarter ended June 30, 2021, included loan prepayment income of $1.3 million, as compared to $365,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2020. The Company accreted interest income related to PCD loans of $443,000 for the three months ended June 30, 2021, as compared to $717,000 for three months ended June 30, 2020. Net interest income for the three months ended June 30, 2021 included PPP fee income of approximately $1.6 million.

Provision for Loan Losses. The provision for loan losses decreased by $5.6 million to a negative provision of $3.7 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2021, from a provision of $1.9 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, driven by continued improvement in the economic forecast and an improvement in asset quality as well as a decline in loan balances. The higher provision for loan losses in the prior year quarter was primarily due to increases in the qualitative factors used in determining the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses related to unemployment and loan risk rating changes related to loan modification requests, and to a lesser extent delinquencies, resulting from economic uncertainty attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic under the incurred loss methodology. Net charge-offs were $3,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2021, compared to $202,000 for the quarter ended June 30, 2020.

Table of Contents

Non-interest Income. Non-interest income increased by $678,000, or 16.0%, to $4.9 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2021, from $4.2 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2020, primarily due to: an increase of $661,000 in fees and service charges for customers, as the prior year quarter reflected certain fees waived and lower consumer spending during the early part of the pandemic; an increase of $436,000 in gains on available-for-sale debt securities, net; and an increase of $736,000 in gains on sales of loans, resulting from the sales of approximately $126.3 million of multifamily loans for gains of $1.4 million in the second quarter of 2021 compared to sales of $47.5 million of multifamily loans for gains of $665,000 in the second quarter of 2020. The increases were partially offset by decreases of $819,000 in gains on trading securities, net, and $328,000 in other income, primarily related to lower swap fee income. For the quarter ended June 30, 2021, gains on trading securities, net, included gains of $807,000 related to the Company’s trading portfolio, compared to gains of $1.6 million in the comparative prior year quarter. Gains and losses on trading securities have no effect on net income since participants benefit from, and bear the full risk of, changes in the trading securities market values.

Non-interest Expense. Non-interest expense increased by $2.0 million, or 11.3%, to $19.9 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2021, from $17.9 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2020. The increase was due primarily to a $362,000 increase in compensation and employee benefits, attributable to higher salary and medical benefit expense associated with increased personnel from the Victory acquisition, partially offset by a decrease in the mark to market of deferred compensation, a $482,000 increase in occupancy expense, related to additional branches from the Victory acquisition, and renovations of existing branches, a $186,000 increase in data processing fees due to the Victory acquisition and organic growth in loan and deposit accounts, a $341,000 increase in advertising expense, and a $635,000 increase in other expense, primarily attributable an increase in the reserve for unfunded commitments.

Income Tax Expense. The Company recorded income tax expense of $7.6 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2021, compared to $3.9 million for the quarter ended June 30, 2020. The effective tax rate for the quarter ended June 30, 2021, was 27.8% compared to 26.5% for the quarter ended June 30, 2020. The higher effective tax rate was primarily due to higher taxable income. Additionally, on April 19, 2021, the Governor of New York signed into law an increase in the New York State corporate income tax rate from 6.5% to 7.25%.

Table of Contents

The following table sets forth average balances, average yields and costs, and certain other information for the periods indicated.


	For the Three Months Ended
	June 30, 2021						June 30, 2020
	Average Outstanding Balance		Interest		Average Yield/ Rate (1)		Average Outstanding Balance		Interest		Average Yield/ Rate (1)
Interest-earning assets:
Loans (2)	$	3,948,136	$	39,699	4.03	%	$	3,587,772	$	35,343	3.96	%
Mortgage-backed securities (3)	967,526		2,682		1.11		913,203		4,304		1.90
Other securities (3)	141,475		484		1.37		128,818		777		2.43
Federal Home Loan Bank of New York stock	27,703		336		4.86		29,478		456		6.22
Interest-earning deposits in financial institutions	150,494		35		0.09		137,120		31		0.09
Total interest-earning assets	5,235,334		43,236		3.31		4,796,391		40,911		3.43
Non-interest-earning assets	295,768						300,511
Total assets	$	5,531,102					$	5,096,902

Interest-bearing liabilities:
Savings, NOW, and money market accounts	$	2,754,346	$	845	0.12	%	$	2,132,213	$	2,894	0.55	%
Certificates of deposit	574,899		826		0.58		1,023,276		4,579		1.80
Total interest-bearing deposits	3,329,245		1,671		0.20		3,155,489		7,473		0.95
Borrowed funds	556,682		2,878		2.07		675,109		3,208		1.91
Total interest-bearing liabilities	$	3,885,927	4,549		0.47		$	3,830,598	$	10,681	1.12
Non-interest bearing deposits	795,613						465,082
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	95,274						91,957
Total liabilities	4,776,814						4,387,637
Stockholders' equity	754,288						709,265
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	5,531,102					$	5,096,902

Net interest income			$	38,687					$	30,230
Net interest rate spread (4)					2.84	%					2.31	%
Net interest-earning assets (5)	$	1,349,407					$	965,793
Net interest margin (6)					2.96	%					2.53	%
Average interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities					134.73	%					125.21	%

(1) Average yields and rates are annualized.

(2) Includes non-accruing loans.

(3) Securities available-for-sale and other securities are reported at amortized cost.

(4) Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities.

(5) Net interest-earning assets represent total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities.

(6) Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.

Table of Contents

Asset Quality

PCD Loans (Held-for-Investment)

Under the new CECL standard, the Company will continue to account for PCD loans at estimated fair value using discounted expected future cash flows deemed to be collectible on the date acquired. Based on its detailed review of PCD loans and experience in loan workouts, management believes it has a reasonable expectation about the amount and timing of future cash flows and accordingly has classified PCD loans ($16.7 million at June 30, 2021 and $18.5 million at December 31, 2020) as accruing, even though they may be contractually past due. At June 30, 2021, 2.4% of PCD loans were past due 30 to 89 days, and 20.4% were past due 90 days or more, as compared to 9.6% and 35.2%, respectively, at December 31, 2020.

Loans

The following table details total non-accruing loans, non-performing loans, non-performing assets and troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") (including held-for-sale, but excluding PCD) on which interest is accruing, and accruing loans 30 to 89 days delinquent at June 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020 ( in thousands):


	June 30, 2021			December 31, 2020
Non-accrual loans:
Held-for-investment
Real estate loans:
Commercial	$	5,028		$	6,229
One-to-four family residential	320			906
Construction and land	1,107			—
Multifamily	1,131			1,153
Home equity and lines of credit	128			191
Commercial and industrial	407			37
Other	3			—
Total non-accrual loans held-for-investment	8,124			8,516



Loans delinquent 90 days or more and still accruing:
Held-for-investment
Real estate loans:
Commercial	216			500
One-to-four family residential	223			174

Home equity and lines of credit	98			—
Commercial and industrial	194			436
Other	—			3
Total loans delinquent 90 days or more and still accruing held-for-investment	731			1,113
Non-performing loans held-for-sale
Real estate loans:
Commercial	—			18,250
Multifamily	—			1,612
Commercial and industrial	—			33

Total non-performing loans held-for-sale	—			19,895
Total non-performing loans	8,855			29,524
Other real estate owned	100			—
Total non-performing assets	$	8,955		$	29,524
Non-performing loans to total loans	0.23		%	0.77		%
Non-performing assets to total assets	0.17		%	0.54		%
Loans subject to restructuring agreements and still accruing	$	7,603		$	7,697
Accruing loans 30 to 89 days delinquent	$	5,884		$	13,982

Table of Contents

Other Real Estate Owned

Other real estate owned is comprised of one property acquired during the six months ended June 30, 2021, as a result of foreclosure. The property is located in New Jersey and had a carrying value of approximately $100,000 and is included in other assets on the consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2021.

Non-performing Loans Held-for-Sale

Non-performing loans held for sale at December 31, 2020, totaled $19.9 million and were comprised of high risk commercial real estate and multifamily loans, primarily accommodation loans that were modified in the form of interest and/or principal payment deferrals due to COVID-19 related hardships, and had not returned to contractual payments after 180 days of relief. The sale of these loans was completed in the first quarter of 2021.

Accruing Loans 30 to 89 Days Delinquent

Loans 30 to 89 days delinquent and on accrual status totaled $5.9 million and $14.0 million at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The following table sets forth delinquencies for accruing loans by type and by amount at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):


	June 30, 2021		December 31, 2020
Held-for-investment
Real estate loans:
Commercial	$	2,654	$	8,792
One-to-four family residential	1,219		1,152
Multifamily	1,686		1,893
Construction and land	—		994
Home equity and lines of credit	203		380
Commercial and industrial loans	122		760
Other loans	—		11



Total delinquent accruing loans	$	5,884	$	13,982

Loans Subject to TDR Agreements

Included in non-accruing loans are loans subject to TDR agreements totaling $3.3 million and $3.7 million at June 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, respectively. There were no loans modified as TDRs during the three or six months ended June 30, 2021. At June 30, 2021, two of the non-accruing TDRs with an aggregate net loan balance of $452,000 were not performing in accordance with their restructured terms and are collateralized by real estate with an estimated fair value of $620,000. At December 31, 2020, two of the non-accruing TDRs totaling $462,500 were not performing in accordance with their restructured terms and were collateralized by real estate with an aggregate estimated fair value of $620,000.

The Company also holds loans subject to TDR agreements that are on accrual status totaling $7.6 million and $7.7 million at June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. At June 30, 2021, $7.0 million, or 92.4%, of the $7.6 million of accruing loans subject to TDR agreements were performing in accordance with their restructured terms. At December 31, 2020, $6.5 million, or 84.1%, of the $7.7 million of accruing loans subject to TDR agreements were performing in accordance with their restructured terms. Generally, the types of concessions that we make to troubled borrowers include both temporary and permanent reductions to interest rates, extensions of payment terms, and, to a lesser extent, forgiveness of principal and interest.

The following table details the amounts and categories of the loans subject to restructuring agreements by loan type as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 (in thousands):

Table of Contents


	June 30, 2021						December 31, 2020
	Non-Accruing			Accruing			Non-Accruing			Accruing
Real estate loans:
Commercial	$	3,257		$	5,316		$	3,292		$	5,518
One-to-four family residential	—			1,610			413			1,490

Multifamily	—			619			—			626
Home equity and lines of credit	—			43			—			47
Commercial and industrial loans	—			15			—			16
	$	3,257		$	7,603		$	3,705		$	7,697

Performing in accordance with restructured terms	86.1		%	92.4		%	87.5		%	84.1		%

Management continues to evaluate the Company's exposure to increased loan losses related to the COVID-19 pandemic, in particular the commercial real estate and multifamily loan portfolios. During the second quarter of 2020, the Company implemented a customer relief program to assist borrowers that may be experiencing financial hardship due to COVID-19 related challenges. The relief program grants principal and/or interest payment deferrals typically for a period of 90 days, which management may choose to extend for additional 90 day periods. At the peak of forbearance in June 2020, the Company had 286 loans approved for payment deferral representing $360.2 million, or approximately 10% of the Company's loan portfolio. As of June 30, 2021, the Company had approximately $21.5 million, or 21 outstanding loans, (excluding PCD loans) remaining in deferral, representing approximately 0.6% of the Company’s outstanding loan portfolio (excluding PCD loans) as of that date. Loans currently in deferment status (“COVID-19 Modified Loans”) will continue to accrue interest during the deferment period unless otherwise classified as non-performing. COVID-19 Modified Loans are required to make escrow payments for real estate taxes and insurance, if applicable. The COVID-19 Modified Loan agreements also require loans to be brought back to their fully contractual terms within 12 to 18 months and include covenants that prohibit distributions, bonuses, or payments of management fees to related entities until all deferred payments are made. Consistent with industry regulatory guidance, borrowers that were otherwise current on loan payments that were granted COVID-19 related financial hardship payment deferrals will continue to be reported as current loans throughout the agreed upon deferral period. Borrowers that were delinquent in their payments to the Bank prior to requesting a COVID-19 related financial hardship payment deferral are reviewed on a case by case basis for TDR classification and non-performing loan status.

Table of Contents

The following table sets forth the property types collateralizing our originated and acquired (excluding PCD) loans and loans in forbearance as of June 30, 2021 (dollars in thousands):


	Loan Portfolio by Property Type as of June 30, 2021									Loans in Forbearance for COVID Relief as of June 30, 2021
	Number of Loans	Amount		Average Loan Size		Weighted Average LTV Ratio		% of Total Loans		Number of Loans	Amount		Average Loan Size		Weighted Average LTV Ratio		% of Portfolio by Property Type
Commercial Real Estate and Multifamily
Multifamily(1)	1,135	$	2,496,613	$	2,200	55	%	65.7	%	4	$	10,739	$	2,685	34	%	0.43	%
Mixed use (majority of space is non-residential)	219	147,199		672		46	%	3.9	%	1	2,890		2,890		37	%	1.96	%
Retail	86	144,399		1,679		48	%	3.8	%	1	607		607		55	%	0.42	%
Office buildings	107	103,996		972		46	%	2.7	%	1	551		551		46	%	0.53	%
Accommodations	9	51,545		5,727		37	%	1.4	%	1	155		155		16	%	0.30	%
Nursing Home	5	27,501		5,500		57	%	0.7	%	—	—		—		—	%	—	%
Medical Office Buildings	24	26,661		1,111		63	%	0.7	%	—	—		—		—	%	—	%
Industrial and Manufacturing (Office and Plant)	21	17,552		836		44	%	0.5	%	—	—		—		—	%	—	%
Warehousing	29	20,677		713		45	%	0.5	%	—	—		—		—	%	—	%
Restaurant	22	12,831		583		51	%	0.3	%	—	—		—		—	%	—	%
Religious	16	10,556		660		39	%	0.3	%	—	—		—		—	%	—	%
Bank Branch	6	5,441		907		44	%	0.1	%	—	—		—		—	%	—	%
Schools/Child Day care	6	5,532		922		36	%	0.2	%	—	—		—		—	%	—	%
Automobile	18	6,384		355		52	%	0.2	%	—	—		—		—	%	—	%
Funeral Home	2	1,756		878		62	%	—	%	—	—		—		—	%	—	%
Recreational	5	7,044		1,409		47	%	0.2	%	2	3,221		1,611		47	%	45.73	%
Car Wash	1	489		489		18	%	—	%	—	—		—		—	%	—	%
Other	146	145,740		998		59	%	3.8	%	—	—		—		—	%	—	%
Total commercial real estate and multifamily	1,857	3,231,916		1,740		54	%	85.0	%	10	18,163		1,816		38	%	0.56	%
One-to-four family residential	614	193,976		316		35	%	5.1	%	5	2,297		459		39	%	1.18	%
Home equity and lines of credit	1,829	99,814		55		47	%	2.6	%	1	197		197		29	%	0.20	%
Construction and land	34	63,125		1,857		40	%	1.7	%	—	—		—		—	%	—	%
Commercial and industrial loans	2,230	209,580		94		NM		5.5	%	5	850		170		NM		0.41	%
Other	121	2,170		18		NM		0.1	%	—	—		—		—	%	—	%
Total loans (excluding PCD)	6,685	$	3,800,581	569				100.0	%	21	$	21,507	1,024				0.57	%

(1) Property type is apartment units equal or greater than five units.

Of the loans currently in deferral as of June 30, 2021, two loans totaling $239,000 are in their first deferral period and 19 loans totaling $21.3 million are repeat deferrals. As of August 6, 2021, nine loans totaling $12.1 million in the table above had returned to contractual payments, including one multifamily loan totaling $9.4 million.

Table of Contents

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity. The objective of our liquidity management is to ensure the availability of sufficient funds to meet financial commitments and to take advantage of lending and investment opportunities. The Bank manages liquidity in order to meet deposit withdrawals on demand or at contractual maturity, to repay borrowings as they mature, and to fund new loans and investments as opportunities arise.

The Bank's primary sources of funds are deposits, principal and interest payments on loans and securities, borrowed funds, the proceeds from maturing securities and short-term investments, and to a lesser extent, proceeds from the sales of loans and securities and wholesale borrowings. The scheduled amortization of loans and securities, as well as proceeds from borrowed funds, are predictable sources of funds. Other funding sources, however, such as deposit inflows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by market interest rates, economic conditions, and competition. The Bank is a member of the FHLBNY, which provides an additional source of short-term and long-term funding. The Bank also has short-term borrowing capabilities with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. The Bank’s borrowed funds, excluding lease obligations, floating rate advances and overnight line of credit, were $463.3 million at June 30, 2021, and had a weighted average interest rate of 2.11%. A total of $123.3 million of these borrowings will mature in less than one year. Borrowed funds, excluding floating rate advances and overnight line of credit, were $585.0 million at December 31, 2020. The Bank has the ability to obtain additional funding from the FHLB of approximately $1.99 billion utilizing unencumbered securities of $515.1 million, loans of $1.43 billion, and encumbered securities of $49.2 million at June 30, 2021. Additionally, the Bank has remaining borrowing capacity utilizing encumbered securities through the FRB Discount Window of $3.5 million. The Bank expects to have sufficient funds available to meet current commitments in the normal course of business.

Northfield Bancorp, Inc. (standalone) is a separate legal entity from the Bank and must provide for its own liquidity to pay dividends, repurchase its stock, and for other corporate purposes. Northfield Bancorp, Inc.'s primary source of liquidity is dividend payments from the Bank. At June 30, 2021, Northfield Bancorp, Inc. (standalone) had liquid assets of $54.3 million.

Capital Resources. Federal regulations require federally insured depository institutions to meet several minimum capital standards: a common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 6.0%, a total capital to risk-based assets of 8.0%, and a 4.0% Tier 1 capital to total assets leverage ratio. In addition to establishing the minimum regulatory capital requirements, the regulations limit capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments to management if the institution does not hold a “capital conservation buffer” consisting of 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets in addition to the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based capital requirements.

As a result of the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act, the federal banking agencies developed a “Community Bank Leverage Ratio” (“CBLR”) (the ratio of a bank’s tangible equity capital to average total consolidated assets) for financial institutions with assets of less than $10 billion. A qualifying community bank that exceeds this ratio will be deemed to be in compliance with all other capital and leverage requirements, including the capital requirements to be considered “well capitalized” under Prompt Corrective Action statutes. The federal banking agencies approved 9% as the minimum capital for the CBLR. Effective March 31, 2020, a financial institution can elect to be subject to this new definition. Northfield Bank and Northfield Bancorp have elected to opt into the CBLR framework, beginning with the Call Reports filed for the first quarter of 2020. The CBLR replaced the risk-based and leverage capital requirements in the generally applicable capital rules. On April 6, 2020, the federal banking regulators, implementing the applicable provisions of the CARES Act, modified the CBLR framework so that the minimum CBLR will be 8% beginning in the second quarter and for the remainder of calendar year 2020, 8.5% for calendar year 2021, and 9% thereafter.

At June 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, as set forth in the following table, both Northfield Bank and Northfield Bancorp, Inc. exceeded all of the regulatory capital requirements to which they were subject at such dates.

Table of Contents


	Northfield Bank	Northfield Bancorp, Inc.	For Capital Adequacy Purposes	For Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
As of June 30, 2021:
CBLR	11.37%	12.77%	8.50%	8.50%
As of December 31, 2020:
CBLR	11.96%	12.73%	8.00%	8.00%

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations

In the normal course of operations, the Company engages in a variety of financial transactions that, in accordance with U.S. GAAP, are not recorded in the financial statements. These transactions primarily relate to lending commitments. These arrangements are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's results of operations or financial condition.

The following table shows the contractual obligations of the Company by expected payment period as of June 30, 2021 (in thousands):


Contractual Obligations	Total		Less than One Year		One to less than Three Years		Three to less than Five Years		More than Five Years
Borrowings	$	463,275	$	123,275	$	182,500	$	112,500	$	45,000
Operating lease liabilities	51,964		5,785		10,784		9,289		26,106
Commitments to originate loans	154,859		154,859		—		—		—
Commitments to fund unused lines of credit	225,429		225,429		—		—		—

Commitments to fund unused lines of credit are agreements to lend additional funds to customers as long as there have been no violations of any of the conditions established in the agreements (original or restructured). Commitments to originate loans generally have a fixed expiration or other termination clauses, which may require payment of a fee. Since some of these loan commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, total commitments do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. At June 30, 2021, the reserve for commitments to fund unused lines of credit recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities was $1.8 million.

For further information regarding our off-balance sheet arrangements and contractual obligations, see "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.

Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

ASU No. 2020-04. On March 12, 2020, FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform ("ASC 848"): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting”, which provides temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. It is intended to help stakeholders during the global market-wide reference rate transition period. The guidance is effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company has implemented a transition plan to identify and modify its loans and other financial instruments that are either directly or indirectly influenced by LIBOR. The Company is in the process of evaluating ASU No. 2020-04 and its impact on the Company’s transition away from LIBOR for its loan and other financial instruments, with no material expected impact on the Company's financial condition or results of operations at this time.

See Note 15 of the Notes to the Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements for information about recent accounting pronouncements adopted.

Table of Contents

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Management of Market Risk

General. A majority of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. Consequently, our most significant form of market risk is interest rate risk. Our assets, consisting primarily of mortgage-related securities and loans, generally have longer maturities than our liabilities, which consist primarily of deposits and wholesale borrowings. As a result, a principal part of our business strategy involves managing interest rate risk and limiting the exposure of our net interest income to changes in market interest rates. Accordingly, our Board of Directors has established a Management Asset-Liability Committee, comprised of our Senior Vice President (“SVP”) & Chief Investment Officer and Treasurer, who chairs this Committee, our President and Chief Executive Officer, our Executive Vice President (“EVP”) & Chief Risk Officer, our EVP & Chief Financial Officer, our EVP & Chief Lending Officer, our EVP of Business Development, Branch Administration and Deposit Operations, and our SVP & Director of Marketing, and other officers and staff as necessary or appropriate. This committee is responsible for, among other things, evaluating the interest rate risk inherent in our assets and liabilities, for recommending to the risk management committee of our Board of Directors the level of risk that is appropriate given our business strategy, operating environment, capital, liquidity and performance objectives, and for managing this risk consistent with the guidelines approved by the Board of Directors.

We seek to manage our interest rate risk in order to minimize the exposure of our earnings and capital to changes in interest rates. As part of our ongoing asset-liability management, we currently use the following strategies to manage our interest rate risk:

•originating multifamily loans and commercial real estate loans that generally have shorter maturities than one-to-four family residential real estate loans and have higher interest rates that generally reset from five to ten years;

•investing in investment grade corporate securities and mortgage-backed securities; and

•obtaining general financing through lower-cost core deposits, brokered deposits, and longer-term FHLB advances and repurchase agreements.

Shortening the average term of our interest-earning assets by increasing our investments in shorter-term assets, as well as originating loans with variable interest rates, helps to match the maturities and interest rates of our assets and liabilities better, thereby reducing the exposure of our net interest income to changes in market interest rates.

Net Portfolio Value Analysis. We compute amounts by which the net present value of our assets and liabilities (net portfolio value or (“NPV”) would change in the event market interest rates changed over an assumed range of rates. Our simulation model uses a discounted cash flow analysis to measure the interest rate sensitivity of our NPV. Depending on current market interest rates, we estimate the economic value of these assets and liabilities under the assumption that interest rates experience an instantaneous and sustained increase of 100, 200, 300, or 400 basis points, or a decrease of 100 and 200 basis points, which is based on the current interest rate environment. A basis point equals one-hundredth of one percent, and 100 basis points equals one percent. An increase in interest rates from 3% to 4% would mean, for example, a 100 basis point increase in the “Change in Interest Rates” column below.

Net Interest Income Analysis. In addition to NPV calculations, we analyze our sensitivity to changes in interest rates through our net interest income model. Net interest income is the difference between the interest income we earn on our interest-earning assets, such as loans and securities, and the interest we pay on our interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. In our model, we estimate what our net interest income would be for a twelve-month period. Depending on current market interest rates we then calculate what the net interest income would be for the same period under the assumption that interest rates experience an instantaneous and sustained increase or decrease of 100, 200, 300, or 400 basis points, or a decrease of 100 and 200 basis points, which is based on the current interest rate environment.

The following tables set forth, as of June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, our calculation of the estimated changes in our NPV, NPV ratio, and percent change in net interest income that would result from the designated instantaneous and sustained changes in interest rates (dollars in thousands). Computations of prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes are based on numerous assumptions, including relative levels of market interest rates, loan prepayments and deposit repricing characteristics, including decay rates, and correlations to movements in interest rates, and should not be relied on as indicative of actual results.

Table of Contents


	NPV at June 30, 2021
Change in Interest Rates (basis points)	Estimated Present Value of Assets		Estimated Present Value of Liabilities		Estimated NPV		Estimated Change In NPV		Estimated Change in NPV %		Estimated NPV/Present Value of Assets Ratio		Next 12 Months Net Interest Income Percent Change		Months 13-24 Net Interest Income Percent Change
+400	$	5,045,591	$	4,104,276	$	941,315	$	(46,092)	(4.67)	%	18.66	%	1.13	%	18.50	%
+300	5,153,110		4,200,037		953,073		(34,334)		(3.48)		18.50		0.98		14.09
+200	5,266,269		4,300,242		966,027		(21,380)		(2.17)		18.34		0.85		9.87
+100	5,381,655		4,405,529		976,126		(11,281)		(1.14)		18.14		0.48		5.13
—	5,503,906		4,516,499		987,407		—		—		17.94		—		—
(100)	5,648,542		4,643,777		1,004,765		17,358		1.76		17.79		(2.38)		(5.92)
(200)	5,767,794		4,700,457		1,067,337		79,930		8.09		18.51		(3.89)		(8.64)


	NPV at December 31, 2020
Change in Interest Rates (basis points)	Estimated Present Value of Assets		Estimated Present Value of Liabilities		Estimated NPV		Estimated Change In NPV		Estimated Change in NPV %		Estimated NPV/Present Value of Assets Ratio		Next 12 Months Net Interest Income Percent Change		Months 13-24 Net Interest Income Percent Change
+400	$	5,085,541	$	4,262,399	$	823,142	$	(29,103)	(3.41)	%	16.19	%	1.52	%	20.02	%
+300	5,183,396		4,358,918		824,478		(27,767)		(3.26)		15.91		1.35		15.41
+200	5,289,795		4,459,805		829,990		(22,255)		(2.61)		15.69		1.19		10.99
+100	5,401,377		4,565,784		835,593		(16,652)		(1.95)		15.47		0.78		5.98
—	5,529,750		4,677,505		852,245		—		—		15.41		—		—
(100)	5,678,960		4,781,710		897,250		45,005		5.28		15.80		(2.41)		(5.73)
(200)	5,814,119		4,794,445		1,019,674		167,429		19.65		17.54		(3.70)		(7.89)

At June 30, 2021, in the event of a 200 basis point decrease in interest rates, we would experience an 8.09% increase in estimated net portfolio value, a 3.89% decrease in net interest income in year one, and an 8.64% decrease in net interest income in year two. In the event of a 400 basis point increase in interest rates, we would experience a 4.67% decrease in estimated net portfolio value, a 1.13% increase in net interest income in year one and an 18.50% increase in net interest income in year two. Our policies provide that, in the event of a 200 basis point decrease or less in interest rates, our net present value ratio should decrease by no more than 300 basis points and 10%, and in the event of a 400 basis point increase or less, our net present value should decrease by no more than 475 basis points and 35%. In the event of a 200 basis point decrease or less, our projected net interest income should decrease by no more than 10% in year one and 10% in year two, and in the event of a 400 basis point increase or less, our projected net interest income should decrease by no more than 30% in year one and 20% in year two. However, when the federal funds rate is low and negative rate shocks do not produce meaningful results, management may temporarily suspend use of guidelines for negative interest rate shocks. At June 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, we were in compliance with all Board-approved policies with respect to interest rate risk management.

Certain shortcomings are inherent in the methodologies used in determining interest rate risk through changes in net portfolio value and net interest income. Our model requires us to make certain assumptions that may or may not reflect the manner in which actual yields and costs respond to changes in market interest rates. However, we also apply consistent parallel yield curve shifts (in both directions) to determine possible changes in net interest income if the theoretical yield curve shifts occurred gradually. Net interest income analysis also adjusts the asset and liability repricing analysis based on changes in prepayment rates resulting from the parallel yield curve shifts. In addition, the net portfolio value and net interest income information presented assume that the composition of our interest-sensitive assets and liabilities existing at the beginning of a period remains constant over the period being measured and assume that a particular change in interest rates is reflected uniformly across the yield curve regardless of the duration or repricing of specific assets and liabilities. Accordingly, although interest rate risk calculations provide an indication of our interest rate risk exposure at a particular point in time, such measurements are not intended to and do not provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in market interest rates on our net portfolio value or net interest income and will differ from actual results.

Table of Contents

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of June 30, 2021. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

During the three months ended June 30, 2021, there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

Table of Contents

PART II

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company and subsidiaries are subject to various legal actions arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, the resolution of these legal actions is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

During the quarter ended June 30, 2021, there have been no material changes to the risk factors as previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or as previously disclosed in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

(a)Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities. There were no sales of unregistered securities during the period covered by this report.

(b)Use of Proceeds. Not applicable.

(c)Repurchases of Our Equity Securities.

On March 18, 2021, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a new stock repurchase program. The program permits $54.2 million of the Company's shares of common stock to be repurchased in open market or private transactions, through block trades, and pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The timing of the repurchases will depend on certain factors, including but not limited to, market conditions and prices, the Company’s liquidity and capital requirements, and alternative uses of capital. Any repurchased shares will be held as treasury stock and will be available for general corporate purposes. The repurchases may be suspended, terminated or modified at any time for any reason, including market conditions, the cost of repurchasing shares, the availability of alternative investment opportunities, liquidity, and other factors deemed appropriate.

The following table reports information regarding purchases of the Company’s common stock during the three months ended June 30, 2021.


Period	(a) Total Number of Shares Purchased	(b) Average Price Paid per Share		(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	(d) Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in thousands)
April 1, 2021 to April 30, 2021	372,831	$	16.09	372,831	$	45,395
May 1, 2021 to May 31, 2021	134,984	16.57		134,984	43,158
June 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021	392,956	16.47		392,956	36,688
Total	900,771	16.32		900,771

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

Table of Contents

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

The following exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K are included with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.


Exhibit Number						Description
31.1						Certification of Steven M. Klein, President and Chief Executive Officer, Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a)
31.2						Certification of William R. Jacobs, Chief Financial Officer, Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a)
32						Certification of Steven M. Klein, President and Chief Executive Officer, and William R. Jacobs, Chief Financial Officer, Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS						XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE						Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104						Cover page information from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed August 9, 2021, formatted in Inline XBRL

Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.

(Registrant)

Date: August 9, 2021


/s/ Steven M. Klein
Steven M. Klein
President and Chief Executive Officer


/s/ William R. Jacobs
William R. Jacobs
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)