Annual Statements Open main menu

Northfield Bancorp, Inc. - Quarter Report: 2022 September (Form 10-Q)


UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 
FORM 10-Q
 
☒    QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2022
or
☐    TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For transition period from __________ to __________ 

Commission File Number: 001-35791
Northfield Bancorp, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter) 
Delaware 80-0882592
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
581 Main Street,Woodbridge,New Jersey 07095
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
 
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (732) 499-7200
 
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading SymbolName of exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.01 per shareNFBKThe NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes    No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes    No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
Large accelerated filerAccelerated filer
Non-accelerated filerSmaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
 
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.



Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐ No
As of October 31, 2022, the registrant had 47,770,575 shares of Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share, issued and outstanding.





NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Form 10-Q Quarterly Report
Table of Contents
  Page
Item 1.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
   
Item 1.
Item 1A.
Item 2.
Item 3.
Item 4.
Item 5.
Item 6.
 
3

Table of Contents

PART I
ITEM 1.     FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited) (In thousands, except share amounts)
 September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
ASSETS:  
Cash and due from banks$13,882 $18,191 
Interest-bearing deposits in other financial institutions56,783 72,877 
Total cash and cash equivalents70,665 91,068 
Trading securities10,074 13,461 
Debt securities available-for-sale, at estimated fair value (with no allowance for credit losses at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021)
1,002,231 1,208,237 
Debt securities held-to-maturity, at amortized cost 4,572 5,283 
(estimated fair value of $4,110 at September 30, 2022, and $5,475 at December 31, 2021, with no allowance for credit losses at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021)
Equity securities8,571 5,342 
Loans held-for-sale504 — 
Loans held-for-investment, net4,246,181 3,806,617 
Less: allowance for credit losses(41,883)(38,973)
Net loans held-for-investment4,204,298 3,767,644 
Accrued interest receivable16,075 14,572 
Bank-owned life insurance167,046 164,500 
Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) of New York stock, at cost
22,417 22,336 
Operating lease right-of-use assets35,446 33,943 
Premises and equipment, net25,382 25,937 
Goodwill41,012 41,012 
Other assets61,302 37,207 
Total assets$5,669,595 $5,430,542 
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:  
LIABILITIES:  
Deposits$4,404,159 $4,169,334 
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase25,000 50,000 
FHLB advances and other borrowings382,678 371,755 
Subordinated debentures, net of issuance costs60,940 — 
Operating lease liabilities41,051 39,851 
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance26,137 24,909 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities36,328 34,810 
Total liabilities4,976,293 4,690,659 
STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY:  
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value: 25,000,000 shares authorized, none issued or outstanding
— — 
Common stock, $0.01 par value: 150,000,000 shares authorized, 64,770,875 shares issued at
  
September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, 47,888,376 and 49,266,733 outstanding at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively
648 648 
Additional paid-in-capital589,602 589,972 
Unallocated common stock held by employee stock ownership plan(16,344)(17,058)
Retained earnings410,134 381,361 
Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income (53,834)2,063 
Treasury stock at cost: 16,882,499 and 15,504,142 shares at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively
(236,904)(217,103)
Total stockholders’ equity693,302 739,883 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$5,669,595 $5,430,542 
See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
4

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME 
(Unaudited) (In thousands, except per share data) 

 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2022202120222021
Interest income:    
Loans$42,311 38,539 $118,030 $119,515 
Mortgage-backed securities3,284 2,738 8,802 8,379 
Other securities1,201 494 2,885 1,402 
FHLB of New York dividends283 318 788 1,024 
Deposits in other financial institutions199 57 423 129 
Total interest income47,278 42,146 130,928 130,449 
Interest expense:  
Deposits2,121 1,420 4,614 4,961 
Borrowings2,304 2,309 6,388 8,208 
Subordinated debt842 — 961 — 
Total interest expense5,267 3,729 11,963 13,169 
Net interest income42,011 38,417 118,965 117,280 
Provision/(benefit) for credit losses 2,703 (148)3,255 (6,223)
Net interest income after provision/(benefit) for credit losses 39,308 38,565 115,710 123,503 
Non-interest income:  
Fees and service charges for customer services1,500 1,370 4,206 3,894 
Income on bank-owned life insurance861 862 2,548 2,567 
Gains on available-for-sale debt securities, net— 370 264 976 
(Losses)/gains on trading securities, net(426)(75)(2,791)1,096 
Gains on sales of loans273 — 273 1,401 
Other78 101 264 246 
Total non-interest income2,286 2,628 4,764 10,180 
Non-interest expense:  
Compensation and employee benefits10,784 10,334 29,709 31,672 
Occupancy3,347 3,425 10,041 10,626 
Furniture and equipment438 431 1,290 1,310 
Data processing1,847 1,538 5,322 4,968 
Professional fees903 826 3,040 2,564 
Advertising420 576 1,257 1,725 
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance356 336 1,068 1,057 
Credit loss (benefit) expense for off-balance sheet exposures(1,888)265 (1,260)528 
Other1,663 1,304 4,825 4,019 
Total non-interest expense17,870 19,035 55,292 58,469 
Income before income tax expense23,724 22,158 65,182 75,214 
Income tax expense6,745 6,078 18,202 20,663 
Net income$16,979 $16,080 $46,980 $54,551 
Net income per common share:  
Basic$0.37 $0.33 $1.01 $1.12 
Diluted$0.37 $0.33 $1.01 $1.11 
See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
5

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME - (Continued)
(Unaudited) (In thousands) 
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Net income$16,979 $16,080 $46,980 $54,551 
Other comprehensive loss:
Unrealized losses on debt securities available-for-sale:  
Net unrealized holding losses(31,339)(3,550)(77,312)(6,700)
Less: reclassification adjustment for net gains included in net income — (370)(264)(976)
Net unrealized losses(31,339)(3,920)(77,576)(7,676)
Post-retirement benefits adjustment— — (48)— 
Other comprehensive loss, before tax(31,339)(3,920)(77,624)(7,676)
Income tax benefit related to net unrealized holding losses on debt securities available-for-sale 8,771 995 21,640 1,876 
Income tax expense related to reclassification adjustment for gains included in net income— 103 74 273 
Income tax expense related to post retirement benefit adjustment— — 13 — 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax(22,568)(2,822)(55,897)(5,527)
Comprehensive (loss) income $(5,589)$13,258 $(8,917)$49,024 


See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
6

Table of Contents


NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021
(Unaudited) (In thousands, except share data) 
    
 Common Stock
 Shares Outstanding Par ValueAdditional Paid-in CapitalUnallocated Common Stock Held by the Employee Stock Ownership PlanRetained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss) Net of taxTreasury StockTotal Stockholders' Equity
Balance at June 30, 202150,843,651 $648 $589,664 $(18,040)$361,638 $10,455 $(191,155)$753,210 
Net income    16,080   16,080 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax     (2,822) (2,822)
ESOP shares allocated or committed to be released  247 248    495 
Stock compensation expense  246     246 
Restricted stock forfeitures(8,554)111 (111)— 
Exercise of stock options, net44,196  (988)  1,435 447 
Cash dividends declared and paid ($0.13 per common share)
   (6,310)  (6,310)
Repurchase of treasury stock (average cost of $16.63 per share)
(1,323,607)     (22,140)(22,140)
Balance at September 30, 202149,555,686 $648 $589,280 $(17,792)$371,408 $7,633 $(211,971)$739,206 
Balance at June 30, 202248,684,875 $648 $588,940 $(16,584)$399,131 $(31,266)$(225,596)$715,273 
Net income    16,979   16,979 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax     (22,568) (22,568)
ESOP shares allocated or committed to be released  179 240    419 
Stock compensation expense  456    456 
Restricted stock forfeitures(1,902)28 (28)— 
Exercise of stock options, net1,000  (1)  14 13 
Cash dividends declared and paid ($0.13 per common share)
    (5,976)  (5,976)
Repurchase of treasury stock (average cost of $14.20 per share)
(795,597)(11,294)(11,294)
Balance at September 30, 202247,888,376 $648 $589,602 $(16,344)$410,134 $(53,834)$(236,904)$693,302 



See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
7

Table of Contents


NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021
(Unaudited) (In thousands, except share data) 
    
 Common Stock
 Shares Outstanding Par ValueAdditional Paid-in CapitalUnallocated Common Stock Held by the Employee Stock Ownership PlanRetained EarningsAccumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss) Net of taxTreasury StockTotal Stockholders' Equity
Balance at December 31, 202052,209,897 $648 $590,506 $(18,529)$338,093 $13,160 $(169,897)$753,981 
Cumulative adjustment for adoption of ASU 2016-13(3,087)(3,087)
Balance at January 1, 202152,209,897 648 590,506 (18,529)335,006 13,160 (169,897)750,894 
Net income    54,551   54,551 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax     (5,527) (5,527)
ESOP shares allocated or committed to be released  661 737    1,398 
Stock compensation expense  750     750 
Restricted stock issuance147,315 (1,821)1,821 — 
Restricted stock forfeitures(11,791)159 (159)— 
Exercise of stock options, net176,966  (975)  3,237 2,262 
Cash dividends declared and paid ($0.37 per common share)
    (18,149)  (18,149)
Repurchase of treasury stock (average cost of $15.79 per share)
(2,966,701)     (46,973)(46,973)
Balance at September 30, 202149,555,686 $648 $589,280 $(17,792)$371,408 $7,633 $(211,971)$739,206 
Balance at December 31, 202149,266,733 $648 $589,972 $(17,058)$381,361 $2,063 $(217,103)$739,883 
Net income    46,980   46,980 
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax     (55,897) (55,897)
ESOP shares allocated or committed to be released  557 714    1,271 
Stock compensation expense  1,301    1,301 
Restricted stock issuance157,416  (2,484)   2,484 — 
Restricted stock forfeitures(18,515)265 (265)— 
Exercise of stock options, net18,040  (9)  253 244 
Cash dividends declared and paid ($0.39 per common share)
    (18,207)  (18,207)
Repurchase of treasury stock (average cost of $14.51 per share)
(1,535,298)(22,273)(22,273)
Balance at September 30, 202247,888,376 $648 $589,602 $(16,344)$410,134 $(53,834)$(236,904)$693,302 

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.
8

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(Unaudited) (In thousands)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 20222021
Net income$46,980 $54,551 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:  
Provision (benefit) for credit losses3,255 (6,223)
ESOP and stock compensation expense2,572 2,148 
Depreciation2,755 2,919 
Amortization of premiums and deferred loan costs, net of (accretion) discounts, and deferred loan fees7,298 807 
Amortization of debt issuance costs56 — 
Amortization of intangible assets130 150 
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets3,468 3,274 
Income on bank-owned life insurance(2,548)(2,567)
Net gain on sale of loans(273)(1,401)
Origination of loans held-for-sale(504)— 
Gains on available-for-sale debt securities, net(264)(976)
Losses (gains) on trading securities, net2,791 (1,096)
Gain on sale of other real estate owned, net(17)— 
Net sales of trading securities596 626 
(Increase) decrease in accrued interest receivable(1,503)864 
Increase in other assets(7,949)(10,970)
Increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities1,518 1,297 
Net cash provided by operating activities58,361 43,403 
Cash flows from investing activities:  
Net increase in loans receivable(434,992)(116,535)
Purchases of loans(7,696)— 
Proceeds from sale of loans held-for-sale2,796 151,559 
Purchases of FHLB of New York stock(25,043)(220)
Redemptions of FHLB of New York stock24,962 6,525 
Purchases of debt securities available-for-sale (168,988)(409,506)
Purchases of equity securities(3,229)(5,000)
Principal payments and maturities on debt securities available-for-sale 249,213 370,992 
Principal payments and maturities on debt securities held-to-maturity674 1,376 
Proceeds from sale of debt securities available-for-sale 41,464 207,991 
Proceeds from sale of equity securities— 34 
Proceeds from bank-owned life insurance 1,526 1,021 
Proceeds from sale of other real estate owned125 — 
Purchases and improvements of premises and equipment(2,200)(1,293)
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(321,388)206,944 
Cash flows from financing activities:  
Net increase in deposits234,825 64,829 
Dividends paid(18,207)(18,149)
Exercise of stock options244 2,262 
Purchase of treasury stock(22,273)(46,973)
Increase in advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance1,228 3,819 
Proceeds from issuance of subordinated debt, net of issuance costs60,884 — 
Proceeds from securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings105,923 15 
Repayments related to securities sold under agreements to repurchase and other borrowings(120,000)(170,000)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities242,624 (164,197)
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents(20,403)86,150 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period91,068 87,544 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$70,665 $173,694 

See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements
9

Table of Contents

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS - (Continued)
(Unaudited) (In thousands)
Nine Months Ended September 30,
20222021
Supplemental cash flow information:  
Cash paid during the period for:  
Interest$11,578 $13,665 
Income taxes19,399 27,090 
Non-cash transactions:
Loan charge-offs, net345 2,875 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new lease liabilities4,983 1,596 
Transfer of loans held-for-investment to loans held-for-sale at fair value2,523 131,883 
Transfer of loans held-for-sale at fair value to loans held-for-investment— 1,612 
Transfer of loans held-for-investment to other real estate owned— 100 


See accompanying notes to unaudited consolidated financial statements.

10

NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1 – Consolidated Financial Statements
Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements are comprised of the accounts of Northfield Bancorp, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Northfield Investments, Inc. and Northfield Bank (the “Bank”), and the Bank’s wholly-owned subsidiaries, NSB Services Corp. and NSB Realty Trust (collectively the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
 
In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting solely of normal and recurring adjustments) necessary for the fair presentation of the consolidated balance sheets and the consolidated statements of comprehensive income for the unaudited periods presented have been included. The results of operations and other data presented for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2022 or for any other period. Whenever necessary, certain prior year amounts are reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
In preparing the unaudited consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”), management has made estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated balance sheets and for the periods indicated in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to change are: the allowance for credit losses, estimated cash flows of our purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”, or, previously, purchased credit-impaired “PCI”) loans and the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets. Estimates and assumptions are reviewed periodically and the effects of revisions are reflected in the consolidated financial statements in the period they are deemed necessary. While management uses its best judgment, actual amounts or results could differ significantly from those estimates.
 
Certain information and note disclosures usually included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) for the preparation of interim financial statements. The consolidated financial statements presented should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes to consolidated financial statements included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the SEC. 

Note 2 – Debt Securities Available-for-Sale
The following is a comparative summary of mortgage-backed securities and other debt securities available-for-sale at September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

 September 30, 2022
  GrossGrossEstimated
 Amortizedunrealizedunrealizedfair
 costgainslossesvalue
U.S. Government agency securities$76,150 $— $(4,310)$71,840 
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:    
Government sponsored enterprises ("GSEs")502,503 (47,913)454,591 
Real estate mortgage investment conduits ("REMICs"):    
GSE296,702 — (14,533)282,169 
 799,205 (62,446)736,760 
Other debt securities:    
Municipal bonds26 — — 26 
Corporate bonds201,705 (8,109)193,605 
201,731 (8,109)193,631 
Total debt securities available-for-sale$1,077,086 $10 $(74,865)$1,002,231 

11

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
 December 31, 2021
  GrossGrossEstimated
 Amortizedunrealizedunrealizedfair
 costgainslossesvalue
U.S. Government agency securities$2,344 $— $(54)$2,290 
Mortgage-backed securities: 
Pass-through certificates: 
GSE579,035 5,233 (2,862)581,406 
REMICs: 
GSE390,755 2,398 (1,443)391,710 
 969,790 7,631 (4,305)973,116 
Other debt securities:
Municipal bonds71 — 72 
Corporate bonds233,311 192 (744)232,759 
233,382 193 (744)232,831 
Total debt securities available-for-sale$1,205,516 $7,824 $(5,103)$1,208,237 
The following is a summary of the expected maturity distribution of debt securities available-for-sale, other than mortgage-backed securities, at September 30, 2022 (in thousands):
Available-for-saleAmortized costEstimated fair value
Due in one year or less$159,695 $153,951 
Due after one year through five years117,037 110,507 
Due after five years through ten years1,149 1,013 
 $277,881 $265,471 
 Contractual maturities for mortgage-backed securities are not included above, as expected maturities on mortgage-backed securities may differ from contractual maturities as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties.

Certain debt securities available-for-sale are pledged or encumbered to secure borrowings under Pledge Agreements and Repurchase Agreements and for other purposes required by law. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the fair value of debt securities available-for-sale that were pledged to secure borrowings and deposits was $552.5 million and $522.1 million, respectively.

For the three months ended September 30, 2022, the Company had no sales of debt securities available-for-sale, and no gross realized gains or losses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company had gross proceeds of $41.5 million on sales and calls of debt securities available-for-sale, with gross realized gains of $264,000 related to the sales of securities and no gross realized losses. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Company had gross proceeds of $112.5 million on sales of debt securities available-for-sale, with gross realized gains of $370,000 and no gross realized losses. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company had gross proceeds of $208.0 million on sales and calls of debt securities available-for-sale, with gross realized gains of $976,000 related to sales of securities and no gross realized losses. The Company recognized net losses of $426,000 and $2.8 million on its trading securities portfolio during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recognized net losses of $75,000 and net gains of $1.1 million, respectively, on its trading securities portfolio.


12

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Gross unrealized losses on mortgage-backed securities and other debt securities available-for-sale, and the estimated fair value of the related securities, aggregated by security category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position, at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, were as follows (in thousands):

 September 30, 2022
 Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
 UnrealizedEstimatedUnrealizedEstimatedUnrealizedEstimated
 lossesfair valuelossesfair valuelossesfair value
U.S. Government agency securities$(4,174)$70,826 $(136)$1,014 $(4,310)$71,840 
Mortgage-backed securities:
Pass-through certificates:      
GSE(35,357)353,695 (12,556)100,734 (47,913)454,429 
REMICs:      
GSE(7,643)199,686 (6,890)82,483 (14,533)282,169 
Other debt securities:      
Corporate bonds(4,311)129,617 (3,798)46,201 (8,109)175,818 
Total$(51,485)$753,824 $(23,380)$230,432 $(74,865)$984,256 


 December 31, 2021
 Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
 UnrealizedEstimatedUnrealizedEstimatedUnrealizedEstimated
 lossesfair valuelossesfair valuelossesfair value
U.S. Government agency securities$— $— $(54)$2,290 $(54)$2,290 
Mortgage-backed securities:      
Pass-through certificates:      
GSE(2,543)417,291 (318)14,625 (2,861)431,916 
REMICs:      
GSE(1,350)125,725 (94)4,413 (1,444)130,138 
Other debt securities:
Corporate bonds(744)146,853 — — (744)146,853 
Total$(4,637)$689,869 $(466)$21,328 $(5,103)$711,197 
 
The Company held 23 pass-through mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by GSEs, 31 REMIC mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by GSEs, six corporate bonds, and one U.S. Government agency security that were in a continuous unrealized loss position of twelve months or greater at September 30, 2022. There were 102 pass-through mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by GSEs, 55 REMIC mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by GSEs, 23 corporate bonds and four U.S. Government agency securities that were in an unrealized loss position of less than twelve months at September 30, 2022. All securities referred to above were rated investment grade at September 30, 2022.

Available for sale debt securities in unrealized loss positions are evaluated for impairment related to credit losses on a quarterly basis. In performing an assessment of whether any decline in fair value is due to a credit loss, the Company considers the extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost, changes in credit ratings, any adverse economic conditions, as well as all relevant information at the individual security level such as credit deterioration of the issuer or collateral underlying the security. In assessing the impairment, the Company compares the present value of cash flows expected to be collected with the amortized cost basis of the security. If it is determined that the decline in fair value was due to credit losses, an allowance for credit losses is recorded, limited to the amount the fair value is less than amortized cost basis. The Company did not recognize any allowance for credit losses on its available-for-sale debt securities as of September 30, 2022 or December 31, 2021. 

13

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The non-credit related decrease in the fair value, such as a decline due to changes in market interest rates, is recorded in other comprehensive income, net of tax. The Company also assesses its intent to sell the securities (as well as the likelihood of a near-term recovery). If the Company intends to sell an available for sale debt security or it is more likely than not that it will be required to sell the security before recovery of its amortized cost basis, the debt security is written down to its fair value and the write down is charged to the debt security’s fair value at the reporting date with any incremental impairment reported in earnings.

The Company has made the accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable on available-for-sale securities from the estimate of credit losses. Accrued interest receivable associated with debt securities available-for-sale totaled $2.4 million and $2.5 million, respectively, at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was reported in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets.
    
Note 3 – Debt Securities Held-to-Maturity

The following is a summary of mortgage-backed securities held-to-maturity at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands): 
 September 30, 2022
 Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesEstimated Fair Value
Mortgage-backed securities:    
Pass-through certificates:    
GSE$4,572 $— $(462)$4,110 
Total securities held-to-maturity$4,572 $— $(462)$4,110 
 December 31, 2021
 Amortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesEstimated Fair Value
Mortgage-backed securities:    
Pass-through certificates:    
GSE$5,283 $192 $— $5,475 
Total securities held-to-maturity$5,283 $192 $— $5,475 
    
Contractual maturities for mortgage-backed securities are not presented, as expected maturities on mortgage-backed securities may differ from contractual maturities as borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without penalties. There were no sales of held-to-maturity securities for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 or September 30, 2021.

At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, debt securities held-to-maturity with a carrying value of $2.0 million and $2.1 million, respectively, were pledged to secure borrowings and deposits.

14

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Gross unrealized losses on mortgage-backed securities held-to-maturity, and the estimated fair value of the related securities, aggregated by security category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position at September 30, 2022 were as follows (in thousands):

 September 30, 2022
 Less than 12 months12 months or moreTotal
 UnrealizedEstimatedUnrealizedEstimatedUnrealizedEstimated
 lossesfair valuelossesfair valuelossesfair value
Mortgage-backed securities:      
Pass-through certificates:      
GSE$(462)$4,110 $— $— $(462)$4,110 
Total$(462)$4,110 $— $— $(462)$4,110 

The Company held six pass-through mortgage-backed debt securities held-to-maturity issued or guaranteed by GSEs that were in an unrealized loss position of less than twelve months at September 30, 2022 and no held-to-maturity securities in an unrealized loss position of greater than twelve months at September 30, 2022. There were no held-to-maturity securities in an unrealized loss position at December 31, 2021.

The Company's held-to-maturity securities are residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Ginnie Mae, Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and it is expected that the securities will not be settled at prices less than the amortized cost bases of the securities as such securities are backed by the full faith and credit of and/or guaranteed by the U.S. Government. Accordingly, no allowance for credit losses has been recorded for these securities.

The Company has made the accounting policy election to exclude accrued interest receivable on held-to-maturity securities from the estimate of credit losses. Accrued interest receivable associated with held-to-maturity securities totaling $14,000 and $15,000, respectively, at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 was reported in accrued interest receivable on the consolidated balance sheets.

Note 4 – Equity Securities

At September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, equity securities totaled $8.6 million and $5.3 million, respectively. Equity securities consisted of money market mutual funds recorded at fair value of $1.0 million and $328,000 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and an investment in a private SBA loan fund (the “SBA Loan Fund”) recorded at net asset value of $7.5 million and $5.0 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. As the SBA Loan Fund operates as a private fund, its shares are not publicly traded and, therefore, have no readily determinable market value. The SBA Loan Fund was recorded at net asset value as a practical expedient for reporting fair value.

15

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Note 5 – Loans
 
The following table summarizes the Company’s loans held-for-investment (in thousands):

 September 30,December 31,
 20222021
Real estate loans: 
Multifamily$2,856,322 $2,518,065 
Commercial mortgage889,390 808,597 
One-to-four family residential mortgage176,251 183,665 
Home equity and lines of credit146,546 109,956 
Construction and land21,668 27,495 
Total real estate loans4,090,177 3,647,778 
Commercial and industrial loans (1)
141,873 141,005 
Other loans2,158 2,015 
Total commercial and industrial and other loans144,031 143,020 
Loans held-for-investment, net (excluding PCD)4,234,208 3,790,798 
PCD loans11,973 15,819 
Total loans held-for-investment, net4,246,181 3,806,617 
Allowance for credit losses(41,883)(38,973)
Net loans held-for-investment$4,204,298 $3,767,644 
(1) Included in commercial and industrial loans at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 are Payment Protection Program ("PPP") loans totaling $5.5 million and $40.5 million, respectively.

The Company had $504,000 of loans held-for-sale at September 30, 2022 and no loans held-for-sale at December 31, 2021.

In addition to originating loans, the Company may acquire loans through portfolio purchases or acquisitions of other companies. Purchased loans that have evidence of more than insignificant credit deterioration since origination are deemed PCD loans. For PCD loans, each loan pool is accounted for as a single asset with a single composite interest rate and an aggregate expectation of cash flows. PCD loans totaled $12.0 million at September 30, 2022, as compared to $15.8 million at December 31, 2021. The majority of the PCD loan balance is attributable to loans acquired as part of a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation-assisted transaction. At September 30, 2022, PCD loans consisted of approximately 10% home equity loans, 28% commercial real estate loans, 51% commercial and industrial loans, and 12% in one-to-four family residential loans. At December 31, 2021, PCD loans consisted of approximately 16% one-to-four family residential loans, 25% commercial real estate loans, 48% commercial and industrial loans, and 11% in construction and land and home equity loans.

16

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Credit Quality Indicators

The Company monitors the credit quality of its loan portfolio on a regular basis. Credit quality is monitored by reviewing certain credit quality indicators. Management has determined that loan-to-value ratios (at period end) and internally assigned credit risk ratings by loan type are the key credit quality indicators that best measure the credit quality of the Company’s loan receivables. Loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios used by management in monitoring credit quality are based on current period loan balances and original appraised values at the time of origination (unless a current appraisal has been obtained as a result of the loan being deemed impaired). 
 
The Company maintains a credit risk rating system as part of the risk assessment of its loan portfolio. The Company’s lending officers are required to assign a credit risk rating to each loan in their portfolio at origination. This risk rating is reviewed periodically and adjusted if necessary. Monthly, management presents monitored assets to the loan committee. In addition, the Company engages a third-party independent loan reviewer that performs semi-annual reviews of a sample of loans, validating the credit risk ratings assigned to such loans. The credit risk ratings play an important role in the establishment of the provision for credit losses on loans and the allowance for credit losses for loans held-for-investment. After determining the loss factor for each portfolio segment held-for-investment, the collectively evaluated for impairment balance of the held-for-investment portfolio is multiplied by the collectively evaluated for impairment loss factor for the respective portfolio segment in order to determine the allowance for loans collectively evaluated for impairment.

    When assigning a credit risk rating to a loan, management utilizes the Bank’s internal nine-point credit risk rating system. 

1.Strong
2.Good
3.Acceptable
4.Adequate
5.Watch
6.Special Mention
7.Substandard
8.Doubtful
9.Loss
 
Loans rated 1 to 5 are considered pass ratings. An asset is classified substandard if it is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Substandard assets have well defined weaknesses based on objective evidence, and are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected. Assets classified as doubtful have all of the weaknesses inherent in those classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses present make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable based on current circumstances. Assets classified as loss are those considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuance as assets is not warranted. Assets which do not currently expose the Company to sufficient risk to warrant classification in one of the aforementioned categories, but possess weaknesses, are required to be designated special mention.
17

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

The following table presents the Company’s loans held-for-investment, excluding PCD loans, by loan class, credit risk ratings and year of origination, at September 30, 2022 (in thousands):

 September 30, 2022
 20222021202020192018PriorRevolving LoansTotal
Real Estate:   
Multifamily   
Pass$631,548 $680,378 $507,781 $258,676 $206,172 $561,413 $481 $2,846,449 
Substandard— — — — 3,806 6,067 — 9,873 
Total multifamily631,548 680,378 507,781 258,676 209,978 567,480 481 2,856,322 
Commercial   
Pass184,761 148,516 68,708 91,988 74,606 282,770 8,236 859,585 
Special mention— — — — — 4,894 — 4,894 
Substandard2,901 10,652 — — — 11,358 — 24,911 
Total commercial187,662 159,168 68,708 91,988 74,606 299,022 8,236 889,390 
One-to-four family residential   
Pass22,702 12,408 8,667 10,149 7,924 110,714 1,015 173,579 
Special mention— — — — — 1,900 — 1,900 
Substandard— — — — — 772 — 772 
Total one-to-four family residential22,702 12,408 8,667 10,149 7,924 113,386 1,015 176,251 
Home equity and lines of credit
Pass30,237 16,460 8,446 6,069 4,697 11,843 68,270 146,022 
Special mention— — — — — 39 — 39 
Substandard— — — 93 49 343 — 485 
Total home equity and lines of credit30,237 16,460 8,446 6,162 4,746 12,225 68,270 146,546 
Construction and land
Pass6,223 1,556 5,106 1,296 1,439 3,978 — 19,598 
Substandard— — — — 2,070 — — 2,070 
Total construction and land6,223 1,556 5,106 1,296 3,509 3,978 — 21,668 
Total real estate loans878,372 869,970 598,708 368,271 300,763 996,091 78,002 4,090,177 
Commercial and industrial
Pass10,912 13,042 8,012 3,653 1,611 8,684 93,890 139,804 
Special mention— — — — — 132 295 427 
Substandard— 16 98 50 200 245 1,033 1,642 
Total commercial and industrial10,912 13,058 8,110 3,703 1,811 9,061 95,218 141,873 
Other
Pass1,927 — 122 12 34 55 2,158 
Total other1,927 — 122 12 34 55 2,158 
Total loans held-for-investment, net$891,211 $883,028 $606,940 $371,982 $302,586 $1,005,186 $173,275 $4,234,208 





18

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following table presents the Company’s loans held-for-investment, excluding PCD loans, by loan class, credit risk ratings and year of origination, at December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

 December 31, 2021
 20212020201920182017PriorRevolving LoansTotal
Real Estate:   
Multifamily   
Pass$723,029 $525,078 $322,067 $238,692 $231,647 $461,834 $184 $2,502,531 
Special mention— — — — — 425 — 425 
Substandard— — 1,724 5,401 — 7,984 — 15,109 
Total multifamily723,029 525,078 323,791 244,093 231,647 470,243 184 2,518,065 
Commercial   
Pass153,803 72,718 97,228 99,165 65,750 274,195 2,589 765,448 
Special mention— — 505 — 1,095 8,559 — 10,159 
Substandard10,881 — 7,866 — 2,854 11,389 — 32,990 
Total commercial164,684 72,718 105,599 99,165 69,699 294,143 2,589 808,597 
One-to-four family residential   
Pass12,095 9,040 11,244 13,299 10,232 120,693 1,004 177,607 
Special mention— — 467 — — 2,336 — 2,803 
Substandard— — 517 — — 2,738 — 3,255 
Total one-to-four family residential12,095 9,040 12,228 13,299 10,232 125,767 1,004 183,665 
Home equity and lines of credit
Pass18,449 12,244 7,347 6,031 2,592 11,162 51,494 109,319 
Special mention— — — — — 103 — 103 
Substandard— — 96 50 — 388 — 534 
Total home equity and lines of credit18,449 12,244 7,443 6,081 2,592 11,653 51,494 109,956 
Construction and land
Pass9,883 5,755 2,039 4,062 1,809 3,467 480 27,495 
Total construction and land9,883 5,755 2,039 4,062 1,809 3,467 480 27,495 
Total real estate loans928,140 624,835 451,100 366,700 315,979 905,273 55,751 3,647,778 
Commercial and industrial
Pass45,426 10,087 4,378 2,316 640 9,298 61,728 133,873 
Special mention— — 166 — 132 224 50 572 
Substandard— 361 154 595 — 726 4,724 6,560 
Total commercial and industrial45,426 10,448 4,698 2,911 772 10,248 66,502 141,005 
Other
Pass1,715 156 19 26 — 49 50 2,015 
Total other1,715 156 19 26 — 49 50 2,015 
Total loans held-for-investment, net$975,281 $635,439 $455,817 $369,637 $316,751 $915,570 $122,303 $3,790,798 
19

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

Past Due and Non-Accrual Loans

Included in loans receivable held-for-investment are loans for which the accrual of interest income has been discontinued due to deterioration in the financial condition of the borrowers. The recorded investment of these non-accrual loans was $9.8 million and $7.6 million at September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively. Generally, originated loans are placed on non-accrual status when they become 90 days or more delinquent, or sooner if considered appropriate by management, and remain on non-accrual status until they are brought current, have six consecutive months of performance under the loan terms, and factors indicating reasonable doubt about the timely collection of payments no longer exist. Therefore, loans may be current in accordance with their loan terms, or may be less than 90 days delinquent and still be on a non-accruing status.    

When an individual loan no longer demonstrates the similar credit risk characteristics as other loans within its current segment, the Company evaluates each for expected credit losses on an individual basis. All non-accrual loans $500,000 and above and all loans designated as troubled debt restructurings ("TDRs") are individually evaluated. The non-accrual amounts included in loans individually evaluated for impairment were $5.3 million and $4.2 million at September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, respectively. Loans on non-accrual status with principal balances less than $500,000, and therefore not meeting the Company's definition of an impaired loan, amounted to $4.5 million at September 30, 2022, and $3.4 million at December 31, 2021. Loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing interest were $54,000 and $384,000 at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, and consisted of loans that are well secured and in the process of collection.
20

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following tables set forth the detail, and delinquency status, of non-performing loans (non-accrual loans and loans past due 90 days or more and still accruing), net of deferred fees and costs, at September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, excluding PCD loans (in thousands):

 September 30, 2022
 Total Non-Performing Loans
 Non-Accruing Loans  
 Current30-89 Days Past Due90 Days or More Past DueTotal90 Days or More Past Due and AccruingTotal Non-Performing Loans
Loans held-for-investment:      
Real estate loans:      
Multifamily      
Substandard$— $352 $3,345 $3,697 $— $3,697 
Total multifamily— 352 3,345 3,697 — 3,697 
Commercial
Substandard2,821 640 1,750 5,211 18 5,229 
Total commercial2,821 640 1,750 5,211 18 5,229 
One-to-four family residential      
Substandard— — 126 126 132 
Total one-to-four family residential— — 126 126 132 
Home equity and lines of credit      
Substandard190 — 77 267 — 267 
Total home equity and lines of credit190 — 77 267 — 267 
Total real estate 3,011 992 5,298 9,301 24 9,325 
Commercial and industrial loans      
Substandard27 — 497 524 23 547 
Total commercial and industrial loans27 — 497 524 23 547 
Other loans      
Pass— — — — 
Total other — — — — 
Total non-performing loans $3,038 $992 $5,795 $9,825 $54 $9,879 
21

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

 December 31, 2021
 Total Non-Performing Loans
 Non-Accruing Loans  
 Current30-89 Days Past Due90 Days or More Past DueTotal90 Days or More Past Due and AccruingTotal Non-Performing Loans
Loans held-for-investment:      
Real estate loans:      
Multifamily      
Substandard$— $280 $1,602 $1,882 $— $1,882 
Total multifamily— 280 1,602 1,882 — 1,882 
Commercial
Special mention— — 280 280 — 280 
Substandard2,944 — 1,893 4,837 147 4,984 
Total commercial2,944 — 2,173 5,117 147 5,264 
One-to-four family residential      
Substandard— — 314 314 165 479 
Total one-to-four family residential— — 314 314 165 479 
Home equity and lines of credit
Substandard— — 281 281 — 281 
Total home equity and lines of credit— — 281 281 — 281 
Total real estate2,944 280 4,370 7,594 312 7,906 
Commercial and industrial loans      
Pass— — — — 72 72 
Substandard28 — — 28 — 28 
Total commercial and industrial loans28 — — 28 72 100 
Total non-performing loans$2,972 $280 $4,370 $7,622 $384 $8,006 
22

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following tables set forth the detail and delinquency status of loans held-for-investment, excluding PCD loans, net of deferred fees and costs, at September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):

 September 30, 2022
 Past Due Loans 
 30-89 Days Past Due90 Days or More Past Due90 Days or More Past Due and AccruingTotal Past DueCurrentTotal Loans Receivable, net
Loans held-for-investment:  
Real estate loans:  
Multifamily
Pass$591 $— $— $591 $2,845,858 $2,846,449 
Substandard486 3,345 — 3,831 6,042 9,873 
Total multifamily1,077 3,345 — 4,422 2,851,900 2,856,322 
Commercial  
Pass133 — — 133 859,452 859,585 
Special mention— — — — 4,894 4,894 
Substandard873 1,750 18 2,641 22,270 24,911 
Total commercial1,006 1,750 18 2,774 886,616 889,390 
One-to-four family residential  
Pass385 — — 385 173,194 173,579 
Special mention70 — — 70 1,830 1,900 
Substandard151 126 283 489 772 
Total one-to-four family residential606 126 738 175,513 176,251 
Home equity and lines of credit
Pass464 — — 464 145,558 146,022 
Special mention— — — — 39 39 
Substandard135 77 — 212 273 485 
Total home equity and lines of credit599 77 — 676 145,870 146,546 
Construction and land  
Pass— — — — 19,598 19,598 
Substandard— — — — 2,070 2,070 
Total construction and land— — — — 21,668 21,668 
Total real estate3,288 5,298 24 8,610 4,081,567 4,090,177 
Commercial and industrial   
Pass369 — — 369 139,435 139,804 
Special mention245 — — 245 182 427 
Substandard67 497 23 587 1,055 1,642 
Total commercial and industrial 681 497 23 1,201 140,672 141,873 
Other loans  
Pass— — 2,151 2,158 
Total other loans— — 2,151 2,158 
Total loans held-for-investment$3,969 $5,795 $54 $9,818 $4,224,390 $4,234,208 

23

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
 December 31, 2021
 Past Due Loans 
 30-89 Days Past Due90 Days or More Past Due90 Days or More Past Due and AccruingTotal Past DueCurrentTotal Loans Receivable, net
Loans held-for-investment:
Real estate loans:
Multifamily
Pass$— $— $— $— $2,502,531 $2,502,531 
Special mention— — — — 425 425 
Substandard280 1,602 — 1,882 13,227 15,109 
Total multifamily280 1,602 — 1,882 2,516,183 2,518,065 
Commercial
Pass77 — — 77 765,371 765,448 
Special mention67 280 — 347 9,812 10,159 
Substandard— 1,893 147 2,040 30,950 32,990 
Total commercial144 2,173 147 2,464 806,133 808,597 
One-to-four family residential
Pass206 — — 206 177,401 177,607 
Special mention387 — — 387 2,416 2,803 
Substandard— 314 165 479 2,776 3,255 
Total one-to-four family residential593 314 165 1,072 182,593 183,665 
Home equity and lines of credit
Pass316 — — 316 109,003 109,319 
Special mention— — — — 103 103 
Substandard96 281 — 377 157 534 
Total home equity and lines of credit412 281 — 693 109,263 109,956 
Construction and land
Pass— — — — 27,495 27,495 
Total construction and land— — — — 27,495 27,495 
Total real estate1,429 4,370 312 6,111 3,641,667 3,647,778 
Commercial and industrial
Pass— 72 74 133,799 133,873 
Special mention— — — — 572 572 
Substandard— — — — 6,560 6,560 
Total commercial and industrial— 72 74 140,931 141,005 
Other loans
Pass15 — — 15 2,000 2,015 
Total other loans15 — — 15 2,000 2,015 
Total loans held-for-investment$1,446 $4,370 $384 $6,200 $3,784,598 $3,790,798 

24

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following tables summarize information on non-accrual loans, excluding PCD loans, as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):
September 30, 2022
Recorded InvestmentUnpaid Principal BalanceWith No Related Allowance
Real estate loans:
Multifamily$3,697 $3,706 $2,201 
Commercial5,211 5,667 3,085 
One-to-four family residential126 150 126 
Home equity and lines of credit267 517 77 
Commercial and industrial524 837 497 
Total non-accrual loans$9,825 $10,877 $5,986 

December 31, 2021
Recorded InvestmentUnpaid Principal BalanceWith No Related Allowance
Real estate loans:
Multifamily$1,882 $1,891 $512 
Commercial5,117 5,627 3,729 
One-to-four family residential314 346 — 
Home equity and lines of credit281 530 — 
Commercial and industrial28 349 — 
Total non-accrual loans$7,622 $8,743 $4,241 

The following table summarizes interest income on non-accrual loans, excluding PCD loans, during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021.

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Real estate loans:
Multifamily$25 $27 $73 $60 
Commercial26 17 108 67 
One-to-four family residential— 10 10 
Home equity and lines of credit— 16 
Commercial and industrial14 
Total interest income on non-accrual loans$62 $51 $221 $146 


25

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Collateral-Dependent Loans

Loans for which the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral are considered to be collateral-dependent loans. Collateral can have a significant financial effect in mitigating exposure to credit risk and, where there is sufficient collateral, an allowance for credit losses is not recognized or is minimal. For collateral-dependent loans, the allowance for credit losses is individually assessed based on the fair value of the collateral less estimated costs of sale. The Company's collateral-dependent loans are secured by real estate. Collateral values are generally based on appraisals which are adjusted for changes in market indices. As of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had $7.8 million and $7.4 million of collateral-dependent impaired loans, respectively. The collateral-dependent loans at September 30, 2022 consisted of $5.1 million of commercial real estate loans, $2.3 million of multifamily loans, and $343,000 of one-to-four family residential loans. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, there was no significant deterioration or changes in the collateral securing these loans.

Troubled Debt Restructured Loan
    There were no loans modified as a TDR during the three or nine months ended September 30, 2022.

The following table summarizes loans that were modified in a TDR during the nine months ended September 30, 2021:

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
 Number of RelationshipsPre-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
Post-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment(1)
 (in thousands)
Troubled Debt Restructurings   
Commercial and industrial1$75 75 
Total Troubled Debt Restructurings1$75 $75 
(1) Amounts are at time of modification
There were three commercial and industrial loans to one borrower modified as a TDR during the nine months ended September 30, 2021, which were modified to reduce the interest rate, extend the maturity date, and restructure payment terms of the loans.

In response to the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 ("COVID-19") pandemic and its economic impact to customers, a short-term modification program that complied with Section 4013 of the CARES Act and the Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus was implemented to provide temporary payment relief to those borrowers directly impacted by COVID-19. The program allowed for deferral of payments for 90 days, which may extend for an additional 90 day period, with modifications in the form of payment deferrals, fee waivers, extensions of repayment terms, or other delays in payment. As of September 30, 2022, substantially all of the borrowers who had requested relief have returned to contractual payments.
At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had TDRs of $7.2 million and $9.0 million, respectively.

26

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Management classifies all TDRs as loans individually evaluated for impairment. Loans individually evaluated for impairment are assessed to determine that the loan’s carrying value is not in excess of the estimated fair value of the collateral less cost to sell, if the loan is collateral-dependent, or the present value of the expected future cash flows, if the loan is not collateral-dependent. Management performs an evaluation of each impaired loan and generally obtains updated appraisals as part of the evaluation. In addition, management adjusts estimated fair values down to appropriately consider recent market conditions, our willingness to accept a lower sales price to effect a quick sale, and costs to dispose of any supporting collateral. Determining the estimated fair value of underlying collateral (and related costs to sell) can be difficult in illiquid real estate markets and is subject to significant assumptions and estimates. Management employs an independent third-party management firm that specializes in appraisal preparation and review to ascertain the reasonableness of updated appraisals. Projecting the expected cash flows under TDRs which are not collateral-dependent is inherently subjective and requires, among other things, an evaluation of the borrower’s current and projected financial condition. Actual results may be significantly different than our projections and our established allowance for credit losses on these loans, which could have a material effect on our financial results.

At September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, there were no restructured TDRs during the preceding twelve months that subsequently defaulted.

Note 6 Allowance for Credit Losses (“ACL”) on Loans

Allowance for Collectively Evaluated Loans Held-for-Investment

In estimating the quantitative component of the allowance on a collective basis, the Company uses a risk rating migration model which calculates an expected life of loan loss percentage for each loan by generating probability of default and loss given default metrics. These metrics are multiplied by the exposure at the potential default, taking into consideration estimated prepayments, to calculate the quantitative component of the ACL. The metrics are based on the migration of loans from performing to loss by credit risk rating or delinquency categories using historical life-of-loan analysis periods for each loan portfolio pool, and the severity of loss, based on the aggregate net lifetime losses incurred using the Company's own historical loss experience and comparable peer data loss history. The model's expected losses based on loss history are adjusted for qualitative adjustments to address risks that may not be adequately represented in the risk rating migration model. Among other things, these adjustments include and account for differences in: (i) changes in lending policies and procedures; (ii) changes in local, regional, national, and international economic and business conditions and developments that affect the collectability of our portfolio, including the condition of various market segments; (iii) changes in the experience, ability and depth of lending management and other relevant staff; (iv) changes in the quality of our loan review system; (v) the existence and effect of any concentrations of credit, and changes in the level of such concentrations; and (vi) the effect of other external factors such as competition and legal and regulatory requirements on the level of estimated credit losses in our existing portfolio.

The Company utilizes a two-year reasonable and supportable forecast period after which estimated losses revert to historical loss experience immediately for the remaining life of the loan. In establishing its estimate of expected credit losses, the Company utilizes five externally-sourced forward-looking economic scenarios developed by Moody's Analytics (“Moody's”).     

Management utilizes five different Moody's scenarios so as to incorporate uncertainties related to the economic environment arising from the COVID-19 pandemic. These scenarios, which range from more benign to more severe economic outlooks, include a “most likely outcome” (the “Baseline” scenario) and four less likely scenarios referred to as the “Upside” and “Downside” scenarios. Each scenario is assigned a weighting with a majority of the weighting placed on the Baseline scenario and lower weights placed on both the Upside and Downside scenarios. The weighting assigned by management is based on the economic outlook and available information at the reporting date. The model projects economic variables under each scenario based on detailed statistical analyses. The Company has identified and selected key variables that most closely correlated to its historical credit performance, which include: Gross domestic product, unemployment, and three collateral indices: the Commercial Property Price Index, the Commercial Property Price Apartment Index and the Case-Shiller Home Price Index.

27

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Allowance for Individually Evaluated Loans

The Company measures specific reserves for individual loans that do not share common risk characteristics with other loans, consisting of all TDRs and non-accrual loans with an outstanding balance of $500,000 or greater. Loans individually evaluated for impairment are assessed to determine whether the loan’s carrying value is not in excess of the estimated fair value of the collateral less cost to sell, if the loan is collateral-dependent, or the present value of the expected future cash flows, if the loan is not collateral-dependent. Management performs an evaluation of each impaired loan and generally obtains updated appraisals as part of the evaluation. In addition, management adjusts estimated fair values down to appropriately consider recent market conditions, our willingness to accept a lower sales price to effect a quick sale, and costs to dispose of any supporting collateral. Determining the estimated fair value of underlying collateral (and related costs to sell) can be difficult in illiquid real estate markets and is subject to significant assumptions and estimates. Management employs an independent third-party management firm that specializes in appraisal preparation and review to ascertain the reasonableness of updated appraisals. Projecting the expected cash flows under troubled debt restructurings which are not collateral-dependent is inherently subjective and requires, among other things, an evaluation of the borrower’s current and projected financial condition. Actual results may be significantly different than our projections and our established allowance for credit losses on these loans, which could have a material effect on our financial results. Individually impaired loans that have no impairment losses are not considered for collective allowances described earlier. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the ACL for loans individually evaluated for impairment was $45,600 and $30,200, respectively.

Allowance for Credit Losses – Off-Balance Sheet Exposures

An ACL for off-balance-sheet exposures represents an estimate of expected credit losses arising from off-balance sheet exposures such as loan commitments, standby letters of credit and unused lines of credit (loans on books already). Commitments to fund unused lines of credit are agreements to lend additional funds to customers as long as there have been no violations of any of the conditions established in the agreements (original or restructured). Commitments to originate loans generally have a fixed expiration or other termination clauses, which may require payment of a fee. Since some of these loan commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, total commitments do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. The reserve for off-balance sheet exposures is determined using the Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”) reserve factor in the related funded loan segment, adjusted for an average historical funding rate. The allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet credit exposures is recorded in other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets and the corresponding provision is included in other non-interest expense.

The table below summarizes the allowance for credit losses for off-balance sheet credit exposures as of, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, and September 30, 2021 (in thousands):

Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Balance at beginning of period$2,480 $1,808 $1,852 $1,545 
(Benefit)/provision for credit losses(1,888)265 (1,260)528 
Balance at end of period$592 $2,073 $592 $2,073 


28

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following tables set forth activity in our allowance for credit losses on loans, by loan type, as of, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, and September 30, 2021 (in thousands):

 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
 Real Estate     
 
Commercial (1)
One-to-Four FamilyHome Equity and Lines of CreditConstruction and LandCommercial and IndustrialOtherTotal Loans (excluding PCD)PCDTotal
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance$28,065 $3,005 $802 $285 $2,705 $11 $34,873 $4,158 $39,031 
Charge-offs— — — — — — — (75)(75)
Recoveries19 — 12 46 178 224 
Provisions (credit)2,117 553 53 (10)238 (9)2,942 (239)2,703 
Ending balance$30,186 $3,565 $874 $275 $2,955 $$37,861 $4,022 $41,883 

 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2021
 Real Estate     
 
Commercial (1)
One-to-Four FamilyHome Equity and Lines of CreditConstruction and LandCommercial and IndustrialOtherTotal Loans (excluding PCD)PCDTotal
Allowance for credit losses:         
Beginning balance26,540 4,610 663 259 2,594 34,673 4,820 39,493 
Charge-offs— — — — (541)(3)(544)— (544)
Recoveries— 27 25 — 61 — 61 
Provisions (credit)(297)(230)(46)(69)542 (1)(101)(47)(148)
Ending balance$26,243 $4,407 $642 $190 $2,601 $$34,089 $4,773 $38,862 
(1) Commercial includes commercial real estate loans collateralized by owner-occupied, non-owner occupied, and multifamily properties.
29

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)

 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
 Real Estate     
 
Commercial (1)
One-to-Four FamilyHome Equity and Lines of CreditConstruction and LandCommercial and IndustrialOtherTotal Loans (excluding PCD)PCDTotal
Allowance for credit losses:
Beginning balance$26,785 $3,545 $560 $169 $3,173 $$34,241 $4,732 $38,973 
Charge-offs— — — — (185)— (185)(600)(785)
Recoveries101 19 — 131 262 178 440 
Provisions (credit)3,300 13 295 106 (164)(7)3,543 (288)3,255 
Ending balance$30,186 $3,565 $874 $275 $2,955 $$37,861 $4,022 $41,883 
 Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
 Real Estate     
 
Commercial (1)
One-to-Four FamilyHome Equity and Lines of CreditConstruction and LandCommercial and IndustrialOtherTotal Loans (excluding PCD)PCDTotal
Allowance for credit losses:         
Beginning balance$33,005 $207 $260 $1,214 $1,842 $198 $36,726 $881 $37,607 
Impact of CECL adoption(1,949)5,233 419 (921)947 (188)3,541 6,812 10,353 
Balance at January 1, 202131,056 5,440 679 293 2,789 10 40,267 7,693 47,960 
Charge-offs— (21)— — (553)(3)(577)(2,411)(2,988)
Recoveries19 29 26 — 34 113 — 113 
Provisions (credit)(4,832)(1,041)(63)(103)331 (6)(5,714)(509)(6,223)
Ending balance$26,243 $4,407 $642 $190 $2,601 $$34,089 $4,773 $38,862 
(1) Commercial includes commercial real estate loans collateralized by owner-occupied, non-owner occupied, and multifamily properties.

The allowance for credit losses on loans increased to $41.9 million at September 30, 2022, compared to $39.0 million as of December 31, 2021, primarily due to growth in the loan portfolio and a declining macroeconomic outlook.


30

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following tables detail the amount of loans receivable held-for-investment, net of deferred loan fees and costs, that are evaluated, individually and collectively, for impairment, and the related portion of the allowance for credit losses that is allocated to each loan portfolio segment, at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):
 September 30, 2022
 Real Estate     
 
Commercial (1)
One-to-Four FamilyHome Equity and Lines of CreditConstruction and LandCommercial and IndustrialOtherTotal Loans (excluding PCD)PCDTotal
Allowance for credit losses:
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment$25 $— $$— $18 $— $46 $— $46 
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment30,160 3,565 871 275 2,938 37,815 — 37,815 
Ending balance: PCD loans evaluated for impairment (2)
— — — — — — — 4,022 4,022 
Loans, net:         
Ending balance$3,745,712 $176,251 $146,546 $21,668 $141,873 $2,158 $4,234,208 $11,973 $4,246,181 
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment8,566 680 27 — 97 9,370 — 9,370 
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment3,737,146 175,571 146,519 21,668 136,269 2,158 4,219,331 — 4,219,331 
Ending balance: PCD loans evaluated for impairment (2)
— — — — — — — 11,973 11,973 
PPP loans not evaluated for impairment (3)
— — — — 5,507 — 5,507 — 5,507 

 December 31, 2021
 Real Estate     
 
Commercial (1)
One-to-Four FamilyHome Equity and Lines of CreditConstruction and LandCommercial and IndustrialOtherTotal Loans (excluding PCD)PCDTotal
Allowance for credit losses:
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment$25 $$$— $$— $30 $— $30 
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment26,760 3,543 558 169 3,172 34,211 — 34,211 
Ending balance: PCD loans evaluated for impairment (2)
— — — — — — — 4,732 4,732 
Loans, net:         
Ending balance$3,326,662 $183,665 $109,956 $27,495 $141,005 $2,015 $3,790,798 $15,819 $3,806,617 
Ending balance: individually evaluated for impairment8,352 1,562 38 — 34 — 9,986 — 9,986 
Ending balance: collectively evaluated for impairment3,318,310 182,103 109,918 27,495 100,454 2,015 3,740,295 — 3,740,295 
Ending balance: PCD loans evaluated for impairment (2)
— — — — — — — 15,819 15,819 
PPP loans not evaluated for impairment (3)
— — — — 40,517 — 40,517 — 40,517 
(1) Commercial includes commercial real estate loans collateralized by owner-occupied, non-owner occupied, and multifamily properties.
(2) Upon adoption of CECL, the Company elected to maintain pools of PCD loans that were previously accounted for under ASC 310-30, and will continue to evaluate PCD loans under this guidance.
(3) PPP loans are guaranteed by the SBA and therefore excluded from the allowance for credit losses.


31

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Note 7 – Deposits

Deposit account balances are summarized as follows (in thousands):
 September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Non-interest-bearing checking$902,659 $898,490 
Negotiable orders of withdrawal ("NOW") and interest-bearing checking1,256,257 1,112,292 
Savings and money market1,568,751 1,776,191 
Certificates of deposit676,492 382,361 
Total deposits$4,404,159 $4,169,334 
 
Interest expense on deposit accounts is summarized for the periods indicated (in thousands):

 
Three Months Ended September 30,
Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2022202120222021
NOW and interest-bearing checking, savings, and money market$701 $671 $1,871 $2,448 
Certificates of deposit1,420 749 2,743 2,513 
Total interest expense on deposit accounts$2,121 $1,420 $4,614 $4,961 

Note 8 – Subordinated Debt

On June 17, 2022, the Company issued $62.0 million in aggregate principal amount of fixed-to-floating subordinated notes (the “Notes”) to certain institutional investors. The Notes mature on June 30, 2032, unless redeemed earlier. The Notes initially bear interest, payable semi-annually in arrears, at a fixed rate of 5.00% per annum until June 30, 2027. Beginning June 30, 2027 and until maturity or redemption, the interest rate applicable to the outstanding principal amount of the Notes due will reset quarterly to an interest rate per annum equal to the then current three-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus 200 basis points, payable quarterly in arrears. The Company has the option to redeem the Notes, at par and in whole or in part, beginning on June 30, 2027 and to redeem the Notes at any time in whole upon certain other events. Any redemption of the Notes will be subject to prior regulatory approval to the extent required. Debt issuance costs totaled $1.1 million and are being amortized to maturity. The Company recognized amortization expense of $56,000 for the three months ended September 30, 2022. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the issuance of the Notes for general corporate purposes, including to fund potential repurchases of shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock.

On August 17, 2022, the SEC declared effective a Registration Statement on Form S-4 with respect to the exchange of the Notes for publicly registered subordinated notes with the same terms as the Notes. On September 16, 2022, the Company completed the exchange of the Notes for the publicly registered subordinated notes. All of the Notes were exchanged by the holders thereof.
32

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Note 9 Equity Incentive Plans

The following table is a summary of the Company’s stock options outstanding as of September 30, 2022, and changes therein during the nine months then ended.

 Number of Stock OptionsWeighted Average Grant Date Fair ValueWeighted Average Exercise PriceWeighted Average Contractual Life (years)
Outstanding - December 31, 20211,769,979 $4.02 $13.95 2.95
Exercised(18,040)3.95 13.52 — 
Outstanding - September 30, 20221,751,939 4.02 13.96 2.21
Exercisable - September 30, 20221,751,939 4.02 13.96 2.21
 On January 28, 2022, the Company granted to directors and employees, under the 2019 Equity Incentive Plan, 157,416 restricted stock awards with a total grant-date fair value of $2.5 million. Of these grants, 30,798 vest one year from the date of grant and 126,618 vest in equal installments over a three-year period beginning one year from the date of grant. The Company also issued 24,492 performance-based restricted stock units to its executive officers with a total grant date fair value of $386,484. Vesting of the performance-based restricted stock units will be based on achievement of certain levels of Core Return on Average Assets and will cliff-vest after a three-year measurement period ended December 31, 2024. At the end of the performance period, the number of actual shares to be awarded may vary between 0% and 120% of target amounts.

The following is a summary of the status of the Company’s restricted stock awards and performance-based restricted stock units at September 30, 2022, and changes therein during the nine months then ended.
 Number of Shares AwardedWeighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested at December 31, 2021222,844 $13.21 
Granted181,908 15.78 
Vested(62,836)12.87 
Forfeited(18,515)14.28 
Non-vested at September 30, 2022323,401 14.66 
 
Expected future stock award expense related to the non-vested restricted share awards and performance-based restricted stock units as of September 30, 2022, was $3.3 million over a weighted average period of 2.4 years.
During the three months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, the Company recorded $456,000 and $248,000, respectively, of stock-based compensation related to the above plan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, the Company recorded $1.3 million and $752,000, respectively, of stock-based compensation related to the above plan.

Note 10 – Fair Value Measurements
The following tables present the assets reported on the consolidated balance sheets at their estimated fair value as of September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, by level within the fair value hierarchy as required by the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures Topic of the FASB ASC. Financial assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The fair value hierarchy is as follows:

Level 1 Inputs – Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date.

Level 2 Inputs – Inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability (for example, interest rates, volatilities, prepayment speeds, loss severities, credit risks and default rates) or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlations or other means.

33

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Level 3 Inputs – Significant unobservable inputs that reflect the Company’s own assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the assets or liabilities.

The methods of determining the fair value of assets and liabilities presented in this note are consistent with our methodologies disclosed in Note 16 to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company’s 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 
Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2022 Using:
 Carrying ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 (in thousands)
Measured on a recurring basis: 
Assets:    
Investment securities:    
Debt securities available-for-sale:    
U.S. Government agency$71,840 $— $71,840 $— 
Mortgage-backed securities:    
Pass-through certificates:
GSE454,591 — 454,591 — 
REMICs:
GSE282,169 — 282,169 — 
736,760 — 736,760 — 
Other debt securities:    
Municipal bonds26 — 26 — 
Corporate bonds193,605 — 193,605 — 
193,631 — 193,631 — 
Total debt securities available-for-sale1,002,231 — 1,002,231 — 
Trading securities10,074 10,074 — — 
Equity securities (1)
1,023 1,023 — — 
Total$1,013,328 $11,097 $1,002,231 $— 
Measured on a non-recurring basis:    
Assets:    
Loans individually evaluated for impairment:    
Real estate loans:    
Commercial real estate$2,722 $— $— $2,722 
Home equity and lines of credit25 — — 25 
Total individually evaluated real estate loans2,747 — — 2,747 
Commercial and industrial loans63 — — 63 
Total$2,810 $— $— $2,810 
(1) Excludes investment measured at net asset value of $7.5 million at September 30, 2022, which has not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.

34

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
 Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2021 Using:
 Carrying ValueQuoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
 (in thousands)
Measured on a recurring basis: 
Assets:    
Investment securities:    
Debt securities available-for-sale:    
U.S. Government agency securities$2,290 $— $2,290 $— 
Mortgage-backed securities:    
Pass-through certificates:
GSE581,406 — 581,406 — 
REMICs:
GSE391,710 — 391,710 — 
973,116 — 973,116 — 
Other debt securities:    
Municipal bonds72 — 72 — 
Corporate bonds232,759 — 232,759 — 
232,831 — 232,831 — 
Total debt securities available-for-sale1,208,237 — 1,208,237 — 
Trading securities13,461 13,461 — — 
Equity securities (1)
328 328 — — 
Total$1,222,026 $13,789 $1,208,237 $— 
Measured on a non-recurring basis:    
Assets:    
Loans individually evaluated for impairment:    
Real estate loans:    
Commercial real estate$3,599 $— $— $3,599 
One-to-four family residential mortgage169 — — 169 
Home equity and lines of credit27 — — 27 
Total impaired real estate loans3,795 — — 3,795 
Commercial and industrial loans12 — — 12 
Other real estate owned100 — — 100 
Total$3,907 $— $— $3,907 
(1) Excludes investment measured at net asset value of $5.0 million at December 31, 2021, which has not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
35

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following table presents qualitative information for Level 3 assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (dollars in thousands):
Fair ValueValuation MethodologyUnobservable
Inputs
Range of Inputs
 September 30, 2022December 31, 2021  September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Individually evaluated loans$2,810 $3,807 AppraisalsDiscount for costs to sell7.0%7.0%
  Discount for quick sale10.0%10.0%
 Discounted cash flowsInterest rates
4.88% to 7.50%
4.88% to 6.25%
Other real estate owned— 100 AppraisalsDiscount for costs to sell7.0%7.0%
    
The valuation techniques described below were used to measure fair value of financial instruments in the tables below on a recurring basis and a non-recurring basis at September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021.
Debt Securities Available for Sale: The estimated fair values for mortgage-backed securities, corporate, and other debt securities are obtained from an independent nationally recognized third-party pricing service. The estimated fair values are derived primarily from cash flow models, which include assumptions for interest rates, credit losses, and prepayment speeds. Broker/dealer quotes are utilized as well, when such quotes are available and deemed representative of the market. The significant inputs utilized in the cash flow models are based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company (Observable Inputs), and are therefore classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. There were no transfers of securities between Level 1 and Level 2 during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 or September 30, 2021.     
Trading Securities: Fair values are derived from quoted market prices in active markets. The assets consist of publicly traded mutual funds.

Equity Securities: Fair values of equity securities consisting of publicly traded mutual funds are derived from quoted market prices in active markets.
 
Loans individually evaluated for impairment: At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, the Company had loans individually evaluated for impairment (excluding PCD loans) with outstanding principal balances of $4.3 million and $5.8 million, respectively, which were recorded at their estimated fair value of $2.8 million and $3.8 million, respectively. The Company recorded a net increase in the specific reserve for impaired loans of $15,400 and a net decrease of $42,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively. Net charge-offs of $345,000 and $2.9 million were recorded for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively, utilizing Level 3 inputs. For purposes of estimating the fair value of impaired loans, management utilizes independent appraisals, if the loan is collateral-dependent, adjusted downward by management, as necessary, for changes in relevant valuation factors subsequent to the appraisal date, or the present value of expected future cash flows for non-collateral dependent loans and TDRs.

Other Real Estate Owned: At September 30, 2022, the Company had no assets acquired through foreclosure. At December 31, 2021, the Company had other real estate owned of approximately $100,000, recorded at estimated fair value, less estimated selling costs when acquired, thus establishing a new cost basis. The property was located in New Jersey and was sold during the second quarter of 2022 for a small gain. Estimated fair value is generally based on independent appraisals. These appraisals include adjustments to comparable assets based on the appraisers’ market knowledge and experience, and are considered Level 3 inputs. When an asset is acquired, the excess of the loan balance over fair value, less estimated selling costs, is charged to the allowance for credit losses. If the estimated fair value of the asset declines, a write-down is recorded through non-interest expense. The valuation of foreclosed assets is subjective in nature and may be adjusted in the future because of changes in the economic conditions.
 
In addition, the Company may be required, from time to time, to measure the fair value of certain other financial assets on a nonrecurring basis in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The adjustments to fair value usually result from the application of lower-of-cost-or-market accounting or write downs of individual assets.
 
36

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Fair Value of Financial Instruments:
The FASB ASC Topic for Financial Instruments requires disclosure of the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities, including those financial assets and financial liabilities that are not measured and reported at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis. The methodologies for estimating the fair value of financial assets and financial liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring or non-recurring basis are discussed above. The following methods and assumptions were used to estimate the fair value of other financial assets and financial liabilities not already discussed above:
 
(a)     Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents are short-term in nature with original maturities of three months or less; the carrying amount approximates fair value. Certificates of deposit having original terms of six-months or less; the carrying value generally approximates fair value. Certificates of deposit with an original maturity of six months or greater; the fair value is derived from discounted cash flows.

(b)    Debt Securities (Held-to-Maturity)
The estimated fair values for substantially all of our securities are obtained from an independent nationally recognized pricing service. The independent pricing service utilizes market prices of same or similar securities whenever such prices are available. Prices involving distressed sellers are not utilized in determining fair value. Where necessary, the independent third-party pricing service estimates fair value using models employing techniques such as discounted cash flow analysis. The assumptions used in these models typically include assumptions for interest rates, credit losses, and prepayments, utilizing market observable data where available.

(c)    Investments in Equity Securities at Net Asset Value Per Share
The Company uses net asset value as a practical expedient to record its investment in a private SBA Loan Fund since the shares in the fund are not publicly traded, do not have a readily determinable fair value and the net asset value per share is calculated in a manner consistent with the measurement principles of an investment company.
 
(d)    Federal Home Loan Bank of New York Stock
The fair value for Federal Home Loan Bank of New York ("FHLBNY") stock is its carrying value, since this is the amount for which it could be redeemed and there is no active market for this stock.
 
(e)    Loans (Held-for-Investment)
Fair values are estimated for portfolios of loans with similar financial characteristics. Loans are segregated by type such as originated and purchased, and further segregated by residential mortgage, construction, land, multifamily, commercial and consumer. Each loan category is further segmented into amortizing and non-amortizing and fixed and adjustable rate interest terms and by performing and non-performing categories. The fair value of loans is estimated using a discounted cash flow analysis. The discount rates used to determine fair value use interest rate spreads that reflect factors such as liquidity, credit, and non-performance risk of the loans.
 
(f)    Loans (Held-for-Sale)
Held-for-sale loans are carried at the lower of aggregate cost or estimated fair value, less costs to sell, and therefore fair value is equal to carrying value.
 
(g)    Deposits
The fair value of deposits with no stated maturity, such as interest and non-interest bearing demand deposits, savings, NOW and money market accounts, is equal to the amount payable on demand. The fair value of certificates of deposit is based on the discounted value of contractual cash flows. The discount rate is estimated using the rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.
 
37

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
(h)    Commitments to Extend Credit and Standby Letters of Credit
The fair value of commitments to extend credit and standby letters of credit is estimated using the fees currently charged to enter into similar agreements, taking into account the remaining terms of the agreements and the present creditworthiness of the counterparties. For fixed-rate loan commitments, fair value also considers the difference between current levels of interest rates and the committed rates. The fair value of off-balance sheet commitments is insignificant and therefore not included in the following table.

 (i)    Borrowings
The fair value of borrowed funds is estimated by discounting future cash flows based on rates currently available for debt with similar terms and remaining maturity.
 
(j)    Advance Payments by Borrowers for Taxes and Insurance
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance have no stated maturity; the fair value is equal to the amount currently payable.

(k)    Derivatives
The fair value of the Company's derivatives is determined using discounted cash flow analysis using observable market-based inputs, which are considered Level 2 inputs.

The estimated fair values of the Company’s significant financial instruments at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, are presented in the following tables (in thousands):
 September 30, 2022
  Estimated Fair Value
 Carrying ValueLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Financial assets:     
Cash and cash equivalents$70,665 $70,665 $— $— $70,665 
Trading securities10,074 10,074 — — 10,074 
Debt securities available-for-sale1,002,231 — 1,002,231 — 1,002,231 
Debt securities held-to-maturity4,572 — 4,110 — 4,110 
Equity securities (1)
1,023 1,023 — — 1,023 
FHLBNY stock, at cost22,417 — 22,417 — 22,417 
Net loans held-for-investment4,204,298 — — 4,025,778 4,025,778 
Derivative assets5,541 — 5,541 — 5,541 
Financial liabilities:     
Deposits$4,404,159 $— $4,404,974 $— $4,404,974 
Borrowed funds407,678 — 387,749 — 387,749 
Subordinated debentures60,940 — 54,547 — 54,547 
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance26,137 — 26,137 — 26,137 
Derivative liabilities5,541 — 5,541 — 5,541 
(1) Excludes investment measured at net asset value of $7.5 million at September 30, 2022, which has not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
38

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
 December 31, 2021
  Estimated Fair Value
 Carrying ValueLevel 1Level 2Level 3Total
Financial assets:     
Cash and cash equivalents$91,068 $91,068 $— $— $91,068 
Trading securities13,461 13,461 — — 13,461 
Debt securities available-for-sale1,208,237 — 1,208,237 — 1,208,237 
Debt securities held-to-maturity5,283 — 5,475 — 5,475 
Equity securities (1)
328 328 — — 328 
FHLBNY stock, at cost22,336 — 22,336 — 22,336 
Net loans held-for-investment3,767,644 — — 3,904,026 3,904,026 
Derivative assets923 — 923 — 923 
Financial liabilities:     
Deposits$4,169,334 $— $4,172,125 $— $4,172,125 
Borrowed funds421,755 — 426,235 — 426,235 
Advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance24,909 — 24,909 — 24,909 
Derivative liabilities925 — 925 — 925 
(1) Excludes investment measured at net asset value of $5.0 million at December 31, 2021, which has not been classified in the fair value hierarchy.
Limitations
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument. These estimates do not reflect any premium or discount that could result from offering for sale at one time the Company’s entire holdings of a particular financial instrument. Because no market exists for a significant portion of the Company’s financial instruments, fair value estimates are based on judgments regarding future expected losses, current economic conditions, risk characteristics of various financial instruments, and other factors. These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision. Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.
Fair value estimates are based on existing on-and off-balance sheet financial instruments without attempting to estimate the value of anticipated future business and the value of assets and liabilities that are not considered financial instruments. In addition, the tax ramifications related to the realization of the unrealized gains and losses can have a significant effect on fair value estimates and have not been considered in the estimates.
39

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Note 11 – Earnings Per Share
 
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income available to common stockholders by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period. For purposes of calculating basic earnings per share, weighted average common shares outstanding excludes unallocated employee stock ownership plan (“ESOP”) shares that have not been committed for release and unvested restricted stock and performance-based restricted stock units.

Diluted earnings per share is computed using the same method as basic earnings per share, but reflects the potential dilution that could occur if stock options were exercised and converted into common stock and unvested shares of restricted stock and performance-based restricted stock units vested. These potentially dilutive shares are then included in the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the period using the treasury stock method. When applying the treasury stock method we added the assumed proceeds from option exercises and the average unamortized compensation costs related to unvested shares of restricted stock, performance-based restricted stock units and stock options. We then divided this sum by our average stock price for the period to calculate assumed shares repurchased. The excess of the number of shares issuable over the number of shares assumed to be repurchased is added to basic weighted average common shares to calculate diluted earnings per share.
 
The following is a summary of the Company’s earnings per share calculations and reconciliation of basic to diluted earnings per share for the periods indicated (in thousands, except per share data):

 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2022202120222021
Net income available to common stockholders$16,979 $16,080 $46,980 $54,551 
Weighted average shares outstanding-basic46,047,104 48,095,473 46,486,086 48,838,396 
Effect of non-vested restricted stock and stock, performance-based restricted stock units and options outstanding189,557 390,623 170,997 298,641 
Weighted average shares outstanding-diluted46,236,661 48,486,096 46,657,083 49,137,037 
Earnings per share-basic$0.37 $0.33 $1.01 $1.12 
Earnings per share-diluted$0.37 $0.33 $1.01 $1.11 
Anti-dilutive shares738,103 125,744 978,187 417,955 

Note 12 – Leases

The Company’s leases primarily relate to real estate property for branches and office space with terms extending from six months up to 32.8 years. At September 30, 2022, all of the Company's leases are classified as operating leases, which are required to be recognized on the consolidated balance sheets as a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability.

The Company determines if an arrangement is a lease at inception. Operating leases are included in operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Right-of-use assets represent the right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease right-of-use assets and liabilities are recorded at the present value of lease payments over the lease term. As the Company's leases do not provide an implicit rate, the Company uses its incremental borrowing rate, at lease inception, over a similar term in determining the present value of lease payments. Certain leases include options to renew, with one or more renewal terms ranging from five to ten years. If the exercise of a renewal option is considered to be reasonably certain, the Company includes the extended term in the calculation of the right-of-use asset and lease liability.

At September 30, 2022, the Company’s operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities included on the consolidated balance sheet were $35.4 million and $41.1 million, respectively. At December 31, 2021, the Company’s operating lease right-of-use assets and operating lease liabilities included on the consolidated balance sheet were $33.9 million and $39.9 million, respectively. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, while variable lease payments are recognized as incurred. Variable lease payments include common area maintenance charges, real estate taxes, repairs and maintenance costs and utilities. Operating and variable lease expenses are recorded in occupancy expense on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
40

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
Supplemental lease information at or for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, and September 30, 2021 is as follows (dollars in thousands):
Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
2022202120222021
Operating lease cost$1,499 $1,409 $4,489 $4,317 
Variable lease cost964 974 2,792 3,219 
Net lease cost$2,463 $2,383 $7,281 $7,536 
Cash paid for amounts included in measurement of operating lease liabilities$1,590 $1,568 $4,751 $4,967 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities$— $1,596 $4,983 $1,596 
Weighted average remaining lease term 11.29 years11.89 years
Weighted average discount rate 3.53 %3.55 %
The following table summarizes lease payment obligations for each of the next five years and thereafter in addition to a reconcilement to the Company's current lease liability (in thousands):
YearAmount
2022$1,596 
20236,490 
20246,069 
20255,729 
20264,967 
Thereafter26,564 
Total lease payments51,415 
Less: imputed interest10,364 
Present value of lease liabilities$41,051 
As of September 30, 2022, the Company had not entered into any leases that have not yet commenced.

Note 13 – Revenue Recognition
    
The Company records revenue from contracts with customers in accordance with Accounting Standards Update 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“Topic 606”). The standard’s core principle is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Topic 606 does not apply to revenue associated with financial instruments, including revenue from loans and securities, which comprise the majority of the Company’s revenue.
The Company’s revenue streams that are within the scope of Topic 606 include service charges on deposit accounts, ATM and card interchange fees, investment services fees, and other miscellaneous income. Fees and service charges for customer services include: (i) service charges on deposit accounts, including account maintenance fees, overdraft fees, insufficient funds fees, wire fees, and other deposit related fees; (ii) ATM and card interchange fees, which include fees generated when a Bank cardholder uses a non-Bank ATM or a non-Bank cardholder uses a Bank ATM, and fees earned whenever the Bank's debit cards are processed through card payment networks such as Visa; and (iii) investment services fees earned through partnering with a third-party investment and brokerage service firm to provide insurance and investment products to customers. The Company's performance obligation for fees and service charges is satisfied and related revenue recognized immediately or in the month of performance of services. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, other income primarily included rental income from subleasing one of the Company's branches to a third party and loan servicing fees. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, other income primarily included rental income from subleasing one of the Company's branches to a third party and loan servicing fees.
41

Table of Contents
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements - (Continued)
The following table summarizes non-interest income for the periods indicated (in thousands):

 Three Months Ended September 30,Nine Months Ended September 30,
 2022202120222021
Fees and service charges for customer services:
Service charges$907 $763 $2,461 $2,173 
ATM and card interchange fees487 515 1,433 1,397 
Investment fees106 92 312 324 
Total fees and service charges for customer services1,500 1,370 4,206 3,894 
Income on bank-owned life insurance (1)
861 862 2,548 2,567 
Gains on available-for-sale debt securities, net (1)
— 370 264 976 
(Losses)/gains on trading securities, net (1)
(426)(75)(2,791)1,096 
Gains on sales of loans (1)
273 — 273 1,401 
Other78 101 264 246 
Total non-interest income$2,286 $2,628 $4,764 $10,180 
(1) Not in scope of Topic 606

Note 14 – Derivatives

The Company has interest rate derivatives resulting from a service provided to certain qualified borrowers in a loan-related transaction and, therefore, are not used to manage interest rate risk in the Company’s assets or liabilities. The interest rate swap agreement which the Company executed with the commercial borrower is collateralized by the borrower’s commercial real estate financed by the Company. The collateral exceeds the maximum potential amount of future payments under the credit derivative. As these interest rate swaps do not meet the hedge accounting requirements, changes in the fair value of both the customer swaps and the offsetting swaps are recognized directly in earnings.

At September 30, 2022, the Company had seven interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $37.3 million. At December 31, 2021, the Company had seven interest rate swaps with a notional amount of $38.1 million. The Company recorded no fee income related to these swaps for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021.

The table below presents the fair value of the derivatives as well as their location on the consolidated balance sheets (in thousands):
Fair Value
Balance Sheet LocationSeptember 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Other assets$5,541 $923 
Other liabilities5,541 925 
42

Table of Contents
ITEM 2.    MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report contains certain “forward-looking statements,” which can be identified by the use of such words as “estimate,” “project,” “believe,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “plan,” “seek,” “expect,” “annualized,” “could,” “may,” “should,” “will,” and words of similar meaning. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

statements of our goals, intentions, and expectations;
statements regarding our business plans, prospects, growth and operating strategies;
statements regarding the quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and
estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits. 
These forward-looking statements are based on current beliefs and expectations of our management and are inherently subject to significant business, economic and competitive uncertainties and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control. In addition, these forward-looking statements are subject to assumptions with respect to future business strategies and decisions that are subject to change. 

The following factors, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in the forward-looking statements:   
the disruption to local, regional, national and global economic activity caused by infectious disease outbreaks, including the novel coronavirus pandemic and variants thereof, including the delta and omicron variants, and the significant and continuing impact that such pandemics may have on our growth, operations, earnings and asset quality;
general economic conditions, internationally, nationally or in our market areas, including inflationary pressures, supply chain disruptions, employment prospects, real estate values, and geopolitical risks that are worse than expected;
competition among depository and other financial institutions, including with respect to overdraft and other fees;
changes in the interest rate environment that reduce our margins and yields, reduce the fair value of financial instruments or reduce loan originations;
adverse changes in the securities or credit markets;
changes in laws, tax policies, or government regulations or policies affecting financial institutions, including changes in regulatory fees and capital requirements;
changes in the quality and/or composition of our loan and securities portfolios;
our ability to enter new markets successfully and capitalize on growth opportunities;
our ability to access cost-effective funding;
our ability to successfully integrate acquired entities;
changes in consumer demand, spending, borrowing and savings habits;
changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”), the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), or the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board;
cyber-attacks, computer viruses and other technological risks that may breach the security of our website or other systems to obtain unauthorized access to confidential information and destroy data or disable our systems;
technological changes that may be more difficult or expensive than expected;
a failure in our operational or security systems;
changes in our organization, compensation, and benefit plans;
our ability to attract and retain key employees;
changes in the level of government support for housing finance;
changes in monetary or fiscal policies of the U.S. Government, including policies of the U.S. Treasury and the Federal Reserve Board;
the ability of third-party providers to perform their obligations to us;
the effects of global or national war, conflict, or acts of terrorism;
significant increases in our loan delinquencies, problem assets and/or loan losses; and
changes in the financial condition, results of operations, or future prospects of issuers of securities that we own.



43

Table of Contents
Because of these and other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by these forward-looking statements. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on such statements. Except as required by law, we disclaim any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

Critical Accounting Policies
 
Note 1 to the Company’s Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2021, included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K, as supplemented by this report, contains a summary of significant accounting policies. Various elements of these accounting policies, by their nature, are inherently subject to estimation techniques, valuation assumptions and other subjective assessments. Certain assets are carried in the consolidated balance sheets at estimated fair value or the lower of cost or estimated fair value. Policies with respect to the methodologies used to determine the allowance for credit losses on loans, estimated cash flows of our purchased credit-deteriorated (“PCD”, or, previously, purchased credit-impaired “PCI”) loans, and judgments regarding the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets are the most critical accounting policies because they are important to the presentation of the Company’s financial condition and results of operations, involve a higher degree of complexity, and require management to make subjective judgments which often require assumptions or estimates about highly uncertain matters. The use of different judgments, assumptions, and estimates could result in material differences in the results of operations or financial condition. These critical accounting policies and their application are reviewed periodically and, at least annually, with the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors. 
On January 1, 2021, we adopted new accounting guidance which requires entities to estimate and recognize an allowance for lifetime expected credit losses for loans, unfunded credit commitments and held-to-maturity debt securities measured at amortized cost. Previously, an allowance for credit losses on loans was recognized based on probable incurred losses. See Notes 5 and 6 to the consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our accounting policies and methodologies for establishing the allowance for credit losses.
The accounting estimates relating to the allowance for credit losses remain "critical accounting estimates" for the following reasons:

Changes in the provision for credit losses can materially affect our financial results;
Estimates relating to the allowance for credit losses require us to utilize a reasonable and supportable forecast period based upon forward-looking economic scenarios in order to estimate probability of default and loss given default rates which our Current Expected Credit Losses (“CECL”) methodology encompasses;
The allowance for credit losses is influenced by factors outside of our control such as industry and business trends, as well as economic conditions such as trends in housing prices, interest rates, gross domestic product, inflation, and unemployment; and
Judgment is required to determine whether the models used to generate the allowance for credit losses produce an estimate that is sufficient to encompass the current view of lifetime expected credit losses.

Our estimation process is subject to risks and uncertainties, including a reliance on historical loss and trend information that may not be representative of current conditions and indicative of future performance. Changes in such estimates could significantly impact our allowance and provision for credit losses. Accordingly, our actual credit loss experience may not be in line with our expectations.

For a further discussion of the critical accounting policies of the Company, see “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
44

Table of Contents
Overview
This overview highlights selected information and may not contain all the information that is important to you in understanding our performance during the periods presented. For a more complete understanding of trends, events, commitments, uncertainties, liquidity, capital resources, and critical accounting estimates, you should read this entire document carefully, as well as our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.
Net income was $47.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $54.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Basic and diluted earnings per common share were $1.01 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to basic and diluted earnings per common share of $1.12 and $1.11, respectively, for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, our return on average assets was 1.13%, as compared to 1.33% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, our return on average stockholders’ equity was 8.73% as compared to 9.68% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Net earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, was down from the comparative prior year period primarily due to a benefit in the provision for credit losses on loans in the prior year. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company recorded a benefit for credit losses on loans of $6.2 million, reflecting improvements in the economic forecast and asset quality as well as a decline in loan balances, as compared to a provision for credit losses on loans of $3.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in the provision for credit losses on loans for the current year was partially offset by a decrease in the provision for credit losses on unfunded commitments of $1.8 million attributable to a decrease in the pipeline of loans approved and awaiting closing, which flows through other non-interest expense. Earnings for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 also included a gain on sale of loans of $1.4 million, and approximately $1.9 million of accretable income related to the payoffs of PCD loans.
Total assets increased by $239.1 million, or 4.4%, to $5.67 billion at September 30, 2022, from $5.43 billion at December 31, 2021. Total liabilities increased $285.6 million, or 6.1%, to $4.98 billion at September 30, 2022, from $4.69 billion at December 31, 2021.
Comparison of Financial Condition at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021
Total assets increased by $239.1 million, or 4.4%, to $5.67 billion at September 30, 2022, from $5.43 billion at December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily due to increases in total loans of $440.1 million, or 11.6%, and other assets of $24.2 million, or 65.2%, partially offset by decreases in available-for-sale debt securities of $206.0 million, or 17.1%, and cash and cash equivalents of $20.4 million, or 22.4%.
 
Cash and cash equivalents decreased by $20.4 million, or 22.4%, to $70.7 million at September 30, 2022, from $91.1 million at December 31, 2021, as excess cash was used to fund the increase in loans held-for-investment. Balances fluctuate based on the timing of receipt of security and loan repayments and the redeployment of cash into higher-yielding assets such as loans and securities, or the funding of deposit outflows or borrowing maturities.

The Company’s available-for-sale debt securities portfolio decreased by $206.0 million, or 17.1%, to $1.00 billion at September 30, 2022, from $1.21 billion at December 31, 2021. The decrease was primarily attributable to paydowns, maturities, calls, and sales, as well as a $77.3 million increase in net unrealized losses due to an increase in market interest rates. At September 30, 2022, $736.8 million of the portfolio consisted of residential mortgage-backed securities issued or guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, or Ginnie Mae. In addition, the Company held $71.8 million in U.S. Government agency securities, $193.6 million in corporate bonds, all of which were considered investment grade at September 30, 2022, and $26,000 in municipal bonds. The effective duration of the securities portfolio at September 30, 2022 was 2.50 years.

Equity securities increased by $3.2 million to $8.6 million at September 30, 2022, from $5.3 million at December 31, 2021, primarily due to an increase in our investment in a Small Business Administration Loan Fund. This investment is utilized by the Bank as part of its Community Reinvestment Act program.

45

Table of Contents
As of September 30, 2022, we estimate that our non-owner occupied commercial real estate concentration (as defined by regulatory guidance) to total risk-based capital was approximately 469%. Management believes that Northfield Bank (the Bank”) has implemented appropriate risk management practices including risk assessments, board-approved underwriting policies and related procedures, which include monitoring Bank portfolio performance, performing market analysis (economic and real estate), and stressing the Bank’s commercial real estate portfolio under severe, adverse economic conditions. Although management believes the Bank has implemented appropriate policies and procedures to manage its commercial real estate concentration risk, the Bank’s regulators could require it to implement additional policies and procedures or could require it to maintain higher levels of regulatory capital, which might adversely affect its loan originations, ability to pay dividends, and profitability.

Loans held-for-investment, net, increased by $439.6 million, or 11.5%, to $4.25 billion at September 30, 2022 from $3.81 billion at December 31, 2021. The increase was due to strong loan originations in a rising interest rate environment. Multifamily loans increased $338.3 million, or 13.4%, to $2.86 billion at September 30, 2022 from $2.52 billion at December 31, 2021, commercial real estate loans increased $80.8 million, or 10.0%, to $889.4 million at September 30, 2022 from $808.6 million at December 31, 2021, home equity loans increased $36.6 million, or 33.3%, to $146.5 million at September 30, 2022 from $110.0 million at December 31, 2021, and commercial and industrial loans (excluding PPP loans) increased $35.9 million, or 35.7%, to $136.4 million at September 30, 2022 from $100.5 million at December 31, 2021. The increases were partially offset by decreases in one-to-four family residential loans of $7.4 million, or 4.0%, to $176.3 million at September 30, 2022 from $183.7 million at December 31, 2021, construction and land loans of $5.8 million, or 21.2%, to $21.7 million at September 30, 2022 from $27.5 million at December 31, 2021, and PPP loans of $35.0 million, or 86.4%, to $5.5 million at September 30, 2022 from $40.5 million at December 31, 2021. Through September 30, 2022, 2,321 borrowers have received PPP forgiveness payments totaling approximately $224.4 million.

The following tables detail our multifamily real estate originations for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 (in thousands):

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Multifamily OriginationsWeighted Average Interest RateWeighted Average LTV RatioWeighted Average Months to Next Rate Change or Maturity for Fixed Rate Loans(F)ixed or (V)ariableAmortization Term
$640,540 3.66%57%75V25 to 30 Years
1,200 3.75%18%181F15 Years
$641,740 3.66%57%  
For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2021
Multifamily OriginationsWeighted Average Interest RateWeighted Average LTV RatioWeighted Average Months to Next Rate Change or Maturity for Fixed Rate Loans(F)ixed or (V)ariableAmortization Term
$544,502 3.13%63%74V10 to 30 Years

Included within the tables above were $193.4 million and $159.1 million of multifamily loans originated in the quarters ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively, at a weighted average rate of 4.22% and 3.13%, respectively.

The following table details loan pools purchased during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands). No loans were purchased during the nine months ended September 30, 2021. 

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Purchase AmountLoan Type
Weighted Average Interest Rate(1)
Weighted Average Loan-to-Value RatioWeighted Average Months to Next Rate Change or Maturity for Fixed Rate Loans(F)ixed or (V)ariableAmortization Term
$2,482 Residential2.80%54%278F15 to 30 Years
5,214 Residential3.05%59%303F15 to 30 Years
$7,696 2.97%57% 
(1) Net of servicing fee retained by the originating bank

46

Table of Contents
The geographic locations of the properties collateralizing the loans purchased in the table above are as follows: 63.3% in New York and 36.7% in New Jersey.

There was $504,000 of loans held-for-sale at September 30, 2022 and no loans held-for-sale at December 31, 2021.
PCD loans totaled $12.0 million at September 30, 2022, and $15.8 million at December 31, 2021. Upon adoption of the CECL accounting standard on January 1, 2021, the allowance for credit losses related to PCD loans was recorded through a gross-up that increased the amortized cost-basis of PCD loans by $6.8 million with a corresponding increase to the allowance for credit losses. The decrease in the PCD loan balance at September 30, 2022 was due to PCD loans being sold and paid off during the period. The majority of the remaining PCD loan balance consists of loans acquired as part of a Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation-assisted transaction. The Company accreted interest income of $368,000 and $1.1 million attributable to PCD loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, as compared to $356,000 and $3.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively. The decrease in income accreted for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was due to the payoff of PCD loans in the prior year. PCD loans had an allowance for credit losses of approximately $4.0 million at September 30, 2022.
    Other assets increased $24.1 million, or 64.8%, to $61.3 million at September 30, 2022, from $37.2 million at December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in net deferred tax assets.

Total liabilities increased $285.6 million, or 6.1%, to $4.98 billion at September 30, 2022, from $4.69 billion at December 31, 2021. The increase was primarily attributable to an increase in deposits of $234.8 million, the issuance of subordinated debt, net of issuance costs, of $60.9 million, an increase in advance payments by borrowers for taxes and insurance of $1.2 million, and an increase in other liabilities of $2.7 million. The increases were partially offset by a decrease in FHLB advances and other borrowings of $14.1 million.
Deposits increased $234.8 million, or 5.6%, to $4.40 billion at September 30, 2022, as compared to $4.17 billion at December 31, 2021. The increase was attributable to increases of $148.1 million in transaction accounts and $294.1 million in certificates of deposit (including an increase of $278.9 million in brokered deposits), partially offset by decreases of $125.9 million in savings accounts and $81.5 million in money market accounts.
Borrowed funds increased to $468.6 million at September 30, 2022, from $421.8 million at December 31, 2021. The increase in borrowings for the period was primarily attributable to the issuance of $62.0 million in aggregate principal amount of fixed to floating subordinated notes (the “Notes”). The Notes are non-callable for five years, have a stated maturity of June 30, 2032, and bear interest at a fixed rate of 5.00% until June 30, 2027. From July 2027 to the maturity date or early redemption date, the interest rate will reset quarterly to a level equal to the then current three-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus 200 basis points. Debt issuance costs totaled $1.1 million. Additionally, FHLB and other short term borrowings increased by $10.9 million. Partially offsetting the increases was a decrease in securities sold under agreements to repurchase of $25.0 million. Management utilizes borrowings to mitigate interest rate risk, for short-term liquidity, and to a lesser extent from time to time, as part of leverage strategies.
The following is a table of term borrowing maturities (excluding overnight borrowings and subordinated debt) and the weighted average rate by year at September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

YearAmountWeighted Average Rate
2023$87,5002.89%
202450,0002.47%
2025112,5001.48%
202620,0003.48%
Thereafter125,0002.79%
$395,0002.43%
47

Table of Contents
Total stockholders’ equity decreased by $46.6 million to $693.3 million at September 30, 2022, from $739.9 million at December 31, 2021. The decrease was attributable to a $55.9 million decrease in accumulated other comprehensive income associated with a decline in the estimated fair value of our debt securities available-for-sale portfolio, $18.2 million in dividend payments, and $22.3 million in stock repurchases, partially offset by net income of $47.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, and a $2.8 million increase in equity award activity. During the first quarter of 2022, the $54.2 million stock repurchase program that was approved in March 2021, was completed upon reaching the purchase limit. On June 16, 2022, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a new $45.0 million stock repurchase program. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased approximately 1.5 million of its common stock outstanding at an average price of $14.51 for a total of $22.3 million pursuant to the approved stock repurchase plans. As of September 30, 2022, the Company had approximately $31.0 million in remaining capacity under its current repurchase program.
Comparison of Operating Results for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021
 
Net Income. Net income was $47.0 million and $54.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively. Significant variances from the comparable prior year period are as follows: a $1.7 million increase in net interest income, a $9.5 million increase in the provision for credit losses on loans, a $5.4 million decrease in non-interest income, a $3.2 million decrease in non-interest expense, and a $2.5 million decrease in income tax expense.

Interest Income. Interest income increased $479,000, or 0.4%, to $130.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, from $130.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to a $116.7 million, or 2.2%, increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets, partially offset by a six basis point decrease in the yields earned to 3.30% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 from 3.36% for the comparable prior year period. The increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets was due to increases in the average balance of other securities of $148.7 million and the average balance of loans outstanding of $140.1 million, partially offset by decreases in the average balance of mortgage-backed securities of $111.8 million, the average balance of FHLBNY stock of $4.6 million, and the average balance of interest-earning deposits in financial institutions of $55.7 million. The decrease in the yields earned was due in part to a $2.3 million decrease in accreted interest income related to PCD loans and a $3.0 million reduction in fees related to the forgiveness of PPP loans. The Company accreted interest income related to PCD loans of $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $3.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The higher accretable PCD interest income in the prior year was primarily related to payoffs of PCD loans in the first quarter of 2021. Fees recognized from PPP loans totaled $1.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $4.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. Interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 included loan prepayment income of $4.2 million as compared to $3.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.

Interest Expense. Interest expense decreased $1.2 million, or 9.2%, to $12.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $13.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease was due to a decrease in interest expense on FHLB advances and other borrowings of $1.8 million, or 22.2%, and a decrease in interest expense on deposits of $347,000, or 7.0%, partially offset by an increase in interest expense on subordinated notes of $961,000. The decrease in interest expense on FHLB advances and other borrowings was primarily attributable to a $127.3 million, or 24.1%, decrease in average borrowings outstanding, partially offset by a five basis point increase in the cost of borrowings to 2.13% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The decrease in interest expense on deposits was attributable to a two basis point decrease in the cost of interest-bearing deposits to 0.18% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, partially offset by a $90.3 million, or 2.7%, increase in the average balance of interest-bearing deposit accounts. The increase in interest expense on subordinated debt was due to the issuance of $62.0 million in aggregate principal amount of fixed to floating subordinated notes in June 2022.
Net Interest Income.  Net interest income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 increased $1.7 million, or 1.4%, to $119.0 million, from $117.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to a $116.7 million, or 2.2%, increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets, which was partially offset by a three basis point decrease in net interest margin to 2.99% from 3.02% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease in net interest margin was primarily due to lower yields on interest-earning assets, partially offset by the lower cost of interest-bearing liabilities. Yields on interest-earning assets decreased six basis points to 3.30% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, from 3.36% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The cost of interest-bearing liabilities decreased by four basis points to 0.42% for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, from 0.46% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
48

Table of Contents
    
Provision for Credit Losses. The provision for credit losses on loans increased by $9.5 million to a provision of $3.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to a benefit of $6.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The prior year benefit for credit losses was primarily due to an improvement in the economic forecast and an improvement in asset quality as well as a decline in loan balances. The current year provision for credit losses was primarily due to loan growth and a declining macroeconomic outlook, partially offset by an improvement in asset quality and lower net charge-offs. At September 30, 2022, management qualitatively adjusted the economic forecast to account for uncertainty inherent in the third-party economic forecast scenarios utilized. Net charge-offs were $345,000 for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, as compared to net charge-offs of $2.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, which related to PCD loans. Partially offsetting the increase in the provision for credit losses on loans was a decrease in the provision for unfunded commitments of $1.8 million attributable to a decrease in the pipeline of loans approved and awaiting closing, which flows through other non-interest expense.
    
Non-interest Income. Non-interest income decreased by $5.4 million, or 53.2%, to $4.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, from $10.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, due primarily to a decrease of $3.9 million in gains on trading securities, net, a $1.1 million decrease in gains on sales of loans, and a $712,000 decrease in net realized gains on available-for-sale debt securities. For the nine months ended September 30, 2022, losses on trading securities were $2.8 million, as compared to gains of $1.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The trading portfolio is utilized to fund the Company’s deferred compensation obligation to certain employees and directors of the Company's deferred compensation plan (the “Plan”). The participants of this Plan, at their election, defer a portion of their compensation. Gains and losses on trading securities have no effect on net income since participants benefit from, and bear the full risk of, changes in the trading securities market values. Therefore, the Company records an equal and offsetting amount in compensation expense, reflecting the change in the Company’s obligations under the Plan. The decrease in gains on sales of loans was due to a $1.4 million gain realized on the sale of approximately $126.3 million of multifamily loans in the second quarter of 2021, as compared to a $273,000 gain realized on the sale of two SBA loans totaling approximately $2.5 million in the third quarter of 2022. Partially offsetting the decreases was an increase of $312,000 in fees and service charges for customer services.
        
Non-interest Expense. Non-interest expense decreased $3.2 million, or 5.4%, to $55.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $58.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The decrease was primarily due to a $2.0 million decrease in employee compensation and benefits and a $1.8 million decrease in credit loss expense for off-balance sheet credit exposures. The decrease in employee compensation and benefits was due to a $3.9 million decrease in the mark to market of the Company's deferred compensation plan expense, which as discussed above has no effect on net income, as well as a decrease in medical benefit costs, partially offset by an increase in salary expense related to annual merit increases, and an increase in equity award expense related to awards issued in the first quarter of 2022. The decrease in credit loss expense for off-balance sheet credit exposures was due to a benefit of $1.3 million recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to a provision of $528,000 for the same period in 2021, attributed to a decrease in the pipeline of loans approved and awaiting closing, combined with a decrease in loan loss factors. Additionally, occupancy expense decreased by $585,000, primarily related to lower snow removal costs, and advertising expense decreased by $468,000, due to the timing of certain campaigns. Partially offsetting the decreases were increases in data processing costs of $354,000, attributable to increased customer accounts and a higher number of transactions, professional fees of $476,000, related to higher recruitment, consulting and outsourcing fees, and other expense of $806,000.

Income Tax Expense. The Company recorded income tax expense of $18.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, compared to $20.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was 27.9% compared to 27.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
    



49

Table of Contents
The following table sets forth average balances, average yields and costs, and certain other information for the periods indicated.
 
For the Nine Months Ended
 
September 30, 2022
September 30, 2021
 Average Outstanding BalanceInterest
Average Yield/ Rate (1)
Average Outstanding BalanceInterest
Average Yield/ Rate (1)
Interest-earning assets:      
Loans (2)
$4,019,750 $118,030 3.93 %$3,879,680 $119,515 4.12 %
Mortgage-backed securities (3)
890,257 8,802 1.32 1,002,008 8,379 1.12 
Other securities (3)
283,017 2,885 1.36 134,322 1,402 1.40 
Federal Home Loan Bank of New York stock21,845 788 4.82 26,460 1,024 5.17 
Interest-earning deposits in financial institutions96,122 423 0.59 151,834 129 0.11 
Total interest-earning assets5,310,991 130,928 3.30 5,194,304 130,449 3.36 
Non-interest-earning assets267,581 302,123 
Total assets$5,578,572 $5,496,427 
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Savings, NOW, and money market accounts$2,961,776 $1,871 0.08 %$2,784,447 $2,448 0.12 %
Certificates of deposit455,985 2,743 0.80 542,988 2,513 0.62 
Total interest-bearing deposits3,417,761 4,614 0.18 3,327,435 4,961 0.20 
Borrowed funds401,109 6,388 2.13 528,408 8,208 2.08 
Subordinated debt23,828 961 5.39 — — — 
Total interest-bearing liabilities$3,842,698 11,963 0.42 $3,855,843 13,169 0.46 
Non-interest bearing deposits913,322 790,266 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities103,075 96,602 
Total liabilities4,859,095 4,742,711 
Stockholders' equity719,477 753,716 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$5,578,572 $5,496,427 
Net interest income$118,965 $117,280 
Net interest rate spread (4)
2.88 %  2.90 %
Net interest-earning assets (5)
$1,468,293 $1,338,461  
Net interest margin (6)
2.99 %  3.02 %
Average interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities138.21 %  134.71 %

(1) Average yields and rates are annualized.
(2) Includes non-accruing loans.
(3) Securities available-for-sale and other securities are reported at amortized cost.
(4) Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities.
(5) Net interest-earning assets represent total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities.
(6) Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.
50

Table of Contents
Comparison of Operating Results for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022 and 2021
 
Net Income. Net income was $17.0 million and $16.1 million for the quarters ended September 30, 2022 and September 30, 2021, respectively. Significant variances from the comparable prior year quarter are as follows: a $3.6 million increase in net interest income, a $2.9 million increase in the provision for credit losses on loans, a $342,000 decrease in non-interest income, a $1.2 million decrease in non-interest expense, and a $667,000 increase in income tax expense.

Interest Income. Interest income increased $5.1 million, or 12.2%, to $47.3 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, from $42.1 million for the quarter September 30, 2021, primarily due to an increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets of $321.4 million, and an 18 basis point increase in the yields earned to 3.46% for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, from 3.28% for the quarter ended September 30, 2021 due to the rising rate environment. The increase in the average balance of interest-earning assets was primarily due to increases in the average balance of loans outstanding of $396.8 million, driven by organic loan growth, and the average balance of other securities of $135.5 million, partially offset by decreases in the average balance of interest-earning deposits in financial institutions of $120.0 million, the average balance of mortgage-backed securities of $90.4 million, and the average balance of FHLBNY stock of $455,000. The Company accreted interest income related to PCD loans of $368,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $356,000 for quarter ended September 30, 2021. Fees recognized from PPP loans totaled $144,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, as compared to $1.5 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2021. Interest income for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, included loan prepayment income of $1.6 million, as compared to $902,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2021.
Interest Expense. Interest expense increased $1.5 million, or 41.2%, to $5.3 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, from $3.7 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2021. The increase was attributed to an increase in interest expense on deposits of $701,000, or 49.4% and an increase in interest expense on subordinated notes issued in June 2022, of $842,000. The increase in interest expense on deposits was attributed to a $203.5 million, or 6.2%, increase in the average balance of interest-bearing deposit accounts and a seven basis point increase in the cost of interest-bearing deposits to 0.24% for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, primarily related to an increase in the balance and cost of certificates of deposit. The increase in interest expense on subordinated debt was due to the issuance of $62.0 million in aggregate principal amount of fixed to floating subordinated notes in June 2022.
Net Interest Income. Net interest income for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, increased $3.6 million, or 9.4%, as average interest-earning assets increased $321.4 million, or 6.3%, and net interest margin increased nine basis point to 3.08% for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to rising interest rates. Yields on interest-earning assets increased by 18 basis points to 3.46% for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, from 3.28% for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, partially offset by an increase in the cost of interest-bearing liabilities which increased by 13 basis points to 0.53% for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, from 0.40% for the quarter ended September 30, 2021.

Provision for Credit Losses. The provision for credit losses on loans increased by $2.9 million to a provision of $2.7 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, from a benefit of $148,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2021. The prior year benefit for credit losses was primarily due to an improvement in the economic forecast and an improvement in asset quality as well as a decline in loan balances. The current quarter provision for credit losses is primarily due to loan growth and a declining macroeconomic outlook, partially offset by an improvement in asset quality and lower net charge-offs. At September 30, 2022, management qualitatively adjusted the economic forecast to account for uncertainty inherent in the third party economic forecast scenarios utilized. Net recoveries were $149,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, compared to net charge-offs of $483,000 for the quarter ended September 30, 2021. Partially offsetting the increase in the provision for credit losses on loans was a decrease in the provision for unfunded commitments of $2.2 million attributable to a decrease in the pipeline of loans approved and awaiting closing, which flows through other non-interest expense.

Non-interest Income. Non-interest income decreased by $342,000, or 13.0%, to $2.3 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, from $2.6 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, primarily due to a $351,000 increase in losses on trading securities and a $370,000 decrease in net realized gains on available-for-sale debt securities. For the quarter ended September 30, 2022, losses on trading securities, net, included losses of $426,000 related to the Company’s trading portfolio, compared to losses of $75,000 in the comparative prior year quarter. Gains and losses on trading securities have no effect on net income since participants benefit from, and bear the full risk of, changes in the trading securities market values. The Company records an equal and offsetting amount in compensation expense. Partially offsetting the increase in net losses on securities transactions was an increase in fees and service charges for customer services of $130,000 and an increase in gains on sales of loans of $273,000 related to the sale of two SBA loans totaling approximately $2.5 million in the third quarter of 2022.

51

Table of Contents
Non-interest Expense. Non-interest expense decreased by $1.2 million, or 6.1%, to $17.9 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, from $19.0 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2021. The decrease was due primarily to a $2.2 million decrease in credit loss expense for off-balance sheet credit exposures attributed to a decrease in the provision for unfunded commitments. The decrease in the provision was due to a benefit of $1.9 million recorded in the quarter ended September 30, 2022, compared to a provision of $265,000 for the same period in 2021, driven by a decrease in the pipeline of loans approved and awaiting closing combined with a decrease in loan loss factors. Additionally, advertising expense decreased by $156,000 due to the timing of certain campaigns. Partially offsetting the decreases, was a $450,000 increase in compensation and employee benefits, a $309,000 increase in data processing costs, and a $359,000 increase in other expense. The increase in compensation and employee benefits expense was attributable to increases in salary expense due to annual merit increases, an increase in equity award expense related to awards issued in the first quarter of 2022, and higher medical benefit expense, partially offset by a decrease in the mark to market of the Company's deferred compensation plan expense, which has no effect on net income. The increase in data processing expense was attributable to increased customer accounts and a higher number of transactions.

Income Tax Expense. The Company recorded income tax expense of $6.7 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2022, compared to $6.1 million for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, with the increase due to higher taxable income. The effective tax rate for the quarter ended September 30, 2022 was 28.4%, compared to 27.4% for the quarter ended September 30, 2021.
52

Table of Contents
The following table sets forth average balances, average yields and costs, and certain other information for the periods indicated.
 For the Three Months Ended
 
September 30, 2022
September 30, 2021
 Average Outstanding BalanceInterest
Average Yield/ Rate (1)
Average Outstanding BalanceInterest
Average Yield/ Rate (1)
Interest-earning assets:      
Loans (2)
$4,214,438 $42,311 3.98 %$3,817,638 $38,539 4.01 %
Mortgage-backed securities (3)
833,975 3,284 1.56 924,326 2,738 1.18 
Other securities (3)
294,786 1,201 1.62 159,334 494 1.23 
Federal Home Loan Bank of New York stock22,641 283 4.96 23,097 318 5.46 
Interest-earning deposits in financial institutions51,364 199 1.54 171,381 57 0.13 
Total interest-earning assets5,417,204 47,278 3.46 5,095,776 42,146 3.28 
Non-interest-earning assets257,177 300,036 
Total assets$5,674,381 $5,395,812 
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Savings, NOW, and money market accounts$2,923,600 $701 0.10 %$2,829,513 $671 0.09 %
Certificates of deposit554,018 1,420 1.02 444,629 749 0.67 
Total interest-bearing deposits3,477,618 2,121 0.24 3,274,142 1,420 0.17 
Borrowed funds407,668 2,304 2.24 438,238 2,309 2.09 
Subordinated debt61,283 842 5.45 — — — 
Total interest-bearing liabilities3,946,569 5,267 0.53 3,712,380 $3,729 0.40 
Non-interest bearing deposits911,183 835,065 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities103,853 96,293 
Total liabilities4,961,605 4,643,738 
Stockholders' equity712,776 752,074 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$5,674,381 $5,395,812 
Net interest income$42,011 $38,417 
Net interest rate spread (4)
2.93 %  2.88 %
Net interest-earning assets (5)
$1,470,635 $1,383,396  
Net interest margin (6)
3.08 %  2.99 %
Average interest-earning assets to interest-bearing liabilities137.26 %  137.26 %

(1) Average yields and rates are annualized.
(2) Includes non-accruing loans.
(3) Securities available-for-sale and other securities are reported at amortized cost.
(4) Net interest rate spread represents the difference between the weighted average yield on interest-earning assets and the weighted average cost of interest-bearing liabilities.
(5) Net interest-earning assets represent total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities.
(6) Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by average total interest-earning assets.

53

Table of Contents
Asset Quality

PCD Loans (Held-for-Investment)
    
Based on its detailed review of PCD loans and experience in loan workouts, management believes it has a reasonable expectation about the amount and timing of future cash flows and accordingly has classified PCD loans ($12.0 million at September 30, 2022 and $15.8 million at December 31, 2021) as accruing, even though they may be contractually past due. At September 30, 2022, 0.9% of PCD loans were past due 30 to 89 days, and 22.9% were past due 90 days or more, as compared to 10.5% and 19.2%, respectively, at December 31, 2021.
 
Loans
 
The following table details total non-accruing loans, non-performing loans, non-performing assets and troubled debt restructurings (“TDR”) (excluding PCD loans) on which interest is accruing, and accruing loans 30 to 89 days delinquent at September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):  

 September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Non-accrual loans: 
Held-for-investment
Real estate loans: 
Multifamily$3,697 $1,882 
Commercial5,211 5,117 
One-to-four family residential126 314 
Home equity and lines of credit267 281 
Commercial and industrial524 28 
Total non-accrual loans held-for-investment9,825 7,622 
Loans delinquent 90 days or more and still accruing: 
Held-for-investment
Real estate loans: 
Commercial18 147 
One-to-four family residential165 
Commercial and industrial23 72 
Other— 
Total loans delinquent 90 days or more and still accruing held-for-investment54 384 
Total non-performing loans9,879 8,006 
Other real estate owned— 100 
Total non-performing assets$9,879 $8,106 
Non-performing loans to total loans0.23 %0.21 %
Non-performing assets to total assets0.17 %0.15 %
Loans subject to restructuring agreements and still accruing$4,084 $5,820 
Accruing loans 30 to 89 days delinquent$2,980 $1,166 
    
54

Table of Contents

Other Real Estate Owned

At September 30, 2022, the Company had no assets acquired through foreclosure. As of December 31, 2021, other real estate owned was comprised of one property located in New Jersey, which had a carrying value of approximately $100,000, and which was sold during the second quarter of 2022 for an immaterial gain.

Accruing Loans 30 to 89 Days Delinquent
 
Loans 30 to 89 days delinquent and on accrual status totaled $3.0 million and $1.2 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The following table sets forth delinquencies for accruing loans by type and by amount at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):     

 September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Held-for-investment
Real estate loans:
Multifamily$725 $— 
Commercial366 144 
One-to-four family residential606 593 
Home equity and lines of credit599 412 
Commercial and industrial loans684 
Other loans— 15 
Total delinquent accruing loans held-for-investment$2,980 $1,166 

Loans Subject to TDR Agreements
 
Included in non-accruing loans are loans subject to TDR agreements totaling $3.1 million and $3.2 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. There were no loans modified as a TDR during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. At September 30, 2022, one of the non-accruing TDRs with an aggregate net loan balance of $355,000 was not performing in accordance with its terms and was collateralized by real estate with an estimated fair value of $810,000. At December 31, 2021, one of the non-accruing TDRs totaling $368,000 was not performing in accordance with its terms and was collateralized by real estate with an appraised value of $620,000.

The Company also holds loans subject to TDR agreements that are on accrual status totaling $4.1 million and $5.8 million at September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. At September 30, 2022, $3.7 million, or 89.9%, of the $4.1 million of accruing loans subject to TDR agreements were performing in accordance with their restructured terms. At December 31, 2021, $5.7 million, or 97.5%, of the $5.8 million of accruing loans subject to TDR agreements were performing in accordance with their restructured terms. Generally, the types of concessions that we make to troubled borrowers include both temporary and permanent reductions to interest rates, extensions of payment terms, and, to a lesser extent, forgiveness of principal and interest. 

The following table details the amounts and categories of the loans subject to restructuring agreements by loan type as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021 (in thousands):
 
September 30, 2022December 31, 2021
Non-AccruingAccruingNon-AccruingAccruing
Real estate loans:
Multifamily$— $134 $— $603 
Commercial3,085 3,146 3,219 3,508 
One-to-four family residential— 680 — 1,562 
Home equity and lines of credit— 27 — 38 
Commercial and industrial loans— 97 — 109 
$3,085 $4,084 $3,219 $5,820 
Performing in accordance with restructured terms88.5 %89.9 %88.6 %97.5 %
55

Table of Contents
Other

During the fourth quarter of 2021, the Bank downgraded to substandard, a lending relationship with an outstanding principal balance at December 31, 2021 of approximately $15.6 million, which is comprised of two commercial real estate loans with balances of $10.9 million, and a commercial line of credit secured by all unencumbered business assets with a balance of $4.7 million. All draws on the line are at the discretion of the Bank. The Bank has received paydowns of approximately $3.9 million on the commercial line of credit, reducing the outstanding balance to approximately $783,000 as of September 30, 2022. At September 30, 2022, the aggregate balances of the loans was $11.4 million.
The commercial real estate loans are secured by two commercial properties with an appraised value of $19.2 million. The lending relationship was downgraded as a result of legal matters against certain officers of the borrowing entities, including certain individuals who are guarantors to the loans. The legal matters have concluded with plea agreements providing for various relief, and we are evaluating the impact on future operations of the entities.
All loans under the lending relationship are current as of November 9, 2022, and the entities continue to operate. The Bank continues to evaluate the financial condition, operating results and cash flows of the related entities and guarantors. At September 30, 2022, approximately $1.5 million of the allowance for credit losses has been designated to this lending relationship. Based on information available, the loans have not been designated as impaired and remain on accrual status. However, there can be no assurances that one or more of the loans under the relationship will not migrate to non-accrual status in the future or require the establishment of additional loan losses reserves.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Liquidity. The objective of our liquidity management is to ensure the availability of sufficient funds to meet financial commitments and to take advantage of lending and investment opportunities. The Bank manages liquidity in order to meet deposit withdrawals, to repay borrowings as they mature, and to fund new loans and investments as opportunities arise.
The Bank's primary sources of funds are deposits, principal and interest payments on loans and securities, borrowed funds, the proceeds from maturing securities and short-term investments, and to a lesser extent, proceeds from the sales of loans and securities and wholesale borrowings. The scheduled amortization of loans and securities, as well as proceeds from borrowed funds, are predictable sources of funds. Other funding sources, however, such as deposit inflows and loan prepayments are greatly influenced by market interest rates, economic conditions, and competition. The Bank is a member of the FHLBNY, which provides an additional source of short-term and long-term funding. The Bank also has short-term borrowing capabilities with the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (“FRBNY”). The Bank’s short-term borrowed funds, excluding lease obligations, floating rate advances and an overnight line of credit, were $395.0 million at September 30, 2022, and had a weighted average interest rate of 2.43%. A total of $87.5 million of these borrowings will mature in less than one year. Short-term borrowed funds, excluding floating rate advances and an overnight line of credit, were $415.0 million at December 31, 2021. 

On June 17, 2022, the Company issued $62.0 million in aggregate principal amount of fixed to floating subordinated notes (the “Notes”). The Notes are non-callable for five years, have a stated maturity of June 30, 2032, and bear interest at a fixed rate of 5.00% until June 30, 2027. From July 2027 to the maturity date or early redemption date, the interest rate will reset quarterly to a level equal to the then current three-month Secured Overnight Financing Rate plus 200 basis points. On August 17, 2022, the SEC declared effective a Registration Statement on Form S-4 with respect to the exchange of the Notes for publicly registered subordinated notes with the same terms as the Notes. On September 16, 2022, the Company completed the exchange of the Notes for the publicly registered subordinated notes. All of the Notes were exchanged by the holders thereof.

The Bank has the ability to obtain additional funding from the FHLBNY of approximately $2.07 billion utilizing unencumbered securities of $421.3 million, loans of $1.63 billion, and encumbered securities of $20.6 million at September 30, 2022. Additionally, the Bank has remaining borrowing capacity utilizing encumbered securities through the FRBNY Discount Window of $1.0 million. The Bank expects to have sufficient funds available to meet current commitments in the normal course of business.

Northfield Bancorp, Inc. (standalone) is a separate legal entity from the Bank and must provide for its own liquidity to pay dividends, repurchase its stock, and for other corporate purposes. Northfield Bancorp, Inc.'s primary source of liquidity is dividend payments from the Bank. At September 30, 2022, Northfield Bancorp, Inc. (standalone) had liquid assets of $56.3 million.

56

Table of Contents
Capital Resources. Federal regulations require federally insured depository institutions to meet several minimum capital standards: a common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 4.5%, a Tier 1 capital to risk-based assets ratio of 6.0%, a total capital to risk-based assets of 8.0%, and a 4.0% Tier 1 capital to total assets leverage ratio. In addition to establishing the minimum regulatory capital requirements, the regulations limit capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments to management if the institution does not hold a “capital conservation buffer” consisting of 2.5% of common equity Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets in addition to the amount necessary to meet its minimum risk-based capital requirements.
    
As a result of the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act, the federal banking agencies developed a “Community Bank Leverage Ratio” (“CBLR”) (the ratio of a bank’s tangible equity capital to average total consolidated assets) for financial institutions with assets of less than $10 billion. A qualifying community bank that exceeds this ratio will be deemed to be in compliance with all other capital and leverage requirements, including the capital requirements to be considered “well capitalized” under Prompt Corrective Action statutes. The federal banking agencies approved 9% as the minimum capital for the CBLR. Effective March 31, 2020, a financial institution could elect to be subject to this new definition. Northfield Bank and Northfield Bancorp elected to opt into the CBLR framework. The CBLR replaced the risk-based and leverage capital requirements in the generally applicable capital rules. On April 6, 2020, the federal banking regulators, implementing the applicable provisions of the CARES Act, modified the CBLR framework so that the minimum CBLR was 8% beginning in the second quarter and for the remainder of calendar year 2020, 8.5% for calendar year 2021, and 9% thereafter.

At September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, as set forth in the following table, both Northfield Bank and Northfield Bancorp, Inc. exceeded all of the regulatory capital requirements to which they were subject at such dates.
    
Northfield BankNorthfield Bancorp, Inc.For Capital Adequacy PurposesFor Well Capitalized Under Prompt Corrective Action Provisions
As of September 30, 2022:
CBLR12.30%12.53%9.00%9.00%
As of December 31, 2021:
CBLR12.24%12.93%8.50%8.50%
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Contractual Obligations
In the normal course of operations, the Company engages in a variety of financial transactions that, in accordance with U.S. GAAP, are not recorded in the financial statements. These transactions primarily relate to lending commitments. These arrangements are not expected to have a material impact on the Company's results of operations or financial condition.
Commitments to fund unused lines of credit are agreements to lend additional funds to customers as long as there have been no violations of any of the conditions established in the agreements (original or restructured). Commitments to originate loans generally have a fixed expiration or other termination clauses, which may require payment of a fee. Since some of these loan commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, total commitments do not necessarily represent future cash requirements. At September 30, 2022, the reserve for commitments to fund unused lines of credit recorded in accrued expenses and other liabilities was $592,000.

For further information regarding our off-balance sheet arrangements and contractual obligations, see "Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

57

Table of Contents
Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted
    
Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2020-04. In March, 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, “Reference Rate Reform ("ASC 848"): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting”, which provides temporary optional guidance to ease the potential burden in accounting for reference rate reform. The ASU provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying generally accepted accounting principles to contract modifications and hedging relationships, subject to meeting certain criteria, that reference the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. It is intended to help stakeholders during the global market-wide reference rate transition period. The guidance is effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 through December 31, 2022. The Company continues to implement its transition plan toward cessation of LIBOR and the modification of its loans and other financial instruments with attributes that are either directly or indirectly influenced by LIBOR. The Company is in the process of evaluating ASU No. 2020-04 and its impact on the Company’s transition away from LIBOR for its loan and other financial instruments, with no material expected impact on the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements.

ASU No. 2022-02. In March 2022, the FASB issued ASU No. 2022-02, “Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures”. The amendments in this ASU were issued to (1) eliminate accounting guidance for TDRs by creditors, while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancings and restructurings by creditors when a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty; (2) require disclosures of current period gross write-offs by year of origination for financing receivables and net investments in leases. For entities that have adopted the amendments in ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, this update will be effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2022. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this ASU should be applied prospectively, except for the transition method related to the recognition and measurement of TDRs, where there is an option to apply a modified retrospective transition method, resulting in a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings in the period of adoption. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard to the Consolidated Financial Statements.




58

Table of Contents
ITEM 3.    QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Management of Market Risk
General.  A majority of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. Consequently, our most significant form of market risk is interest rate risk. Our assets, consisting primarily of mortgage-related securities and loans, generally have longer maturities than our liabilities, which consist primarily of deposits and wholesale borrowings. As a result, a principal part of our business strategy involves managing interest rate risk and limiting the exposure of our net interest income to changes in market interest rates. Accordingly, our Board of Directors has established a Management Asset-Liability Committee, comprised of our Senior Vice President (“SVP”) & Chief Investment Officer and Treasurer, who chairs this Committee, our President and Chief Executive Officer, our Executive Vice President (“EVP”) & Chief Risk Officer, our EVP & Chief Financial Officer, our EVP & Chief Lending Officer, our EVP & Chief Branch Administration, Deposit Operations & Business Development Officer, and our SVP & Director of Marketing, and other officers and staff as necessary or appropriate. This committee is responsible for, among other things, evaluating the interest rate risk inherent in our assets and liabilities, for recommending to the risk management committee of our Board of Directors the level of risk that is appropriate given our business strategy, operating environment, capital, liquidity and performance objectives, and for managing this risk consistent with the guidelines approved by the Board of Directors.
 
We seek to manage our interest rate risk in order to minimize the exposure of our earnings and capital to changes in interest rates. As part of our ongoing asset-liability management, we currently use the following strategies to manage our interest rate risk:

originating multifamily loans and commercial real estate loans that generally have shorter maturities than one-to-four family residential real estate loans and have higher interest rates that generally reset from five to ten years;
investing in investment grade corporate securities and mortgage-backed securities; and
obtaining general financing through lower-cost core deposits, brokered deposits, and longer-term FHLB advances and repurchase agreements.
Shortening the average term of our interest-earning assets by increasing our investments in shorter-term assets, as well as originating loans with variable interest rates, helps to match the maturities and interest rates of our assets and liabilities better, thereby reducing the exposure of our net interest income to changes in market interest rates.
 
Net Portfolio Value Analysis. We compute amounts by which the net present value of our assets and liabilities (net portfolio value or “NPV”), would change in the event market interest rates changed over an assumed range of rates. Our simulation model uses a discounted cash flow analysis to measure the interest rate sensitivity of our NPV. Depending on current market interest rates, we estimate the economic value of these assets and liabilities under the assumption that interest rates experience an instantaneous and sustained increase of 100, 200, 300, or 400 basis points, or a decrease of 100 and 200 basis points, which is based on the current interest rate environment. A basis point equals one-hundredth of one percent, and 100 basis points equals one percent. An increase in interest rates from 3% to 4% would mean, for example, a 100 basis point increase in the “Change in Interest Rates” column below. 
 
Net Interest Income Analysis.  In addition to NPV calculations, we analyze our sensitivity to changes in interest rates through our net interest income model. Net interest income is the difference between the interest income we earn on our interest-earning assets, such as loans and securities, and the interest we pay on our interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. In our model, we estimate what our net interest income would be for a twelve-month period. Depending on current market interest rates we then calculate what the net interest income would be for the same period under the assumption that interest rates experience an instantaneous and sustained increase or decrease of 100, 200, 300, or 400 basis points, or a decrease of 100 and 200 basis points, which is based on the current interest rate environment.

The following tables set forth, as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, our calculation of the estimated changes in our NPV, NPV ratio, and percent change in net interest income that would result from the designated instantaneous and sustained changes in interest rates (dollars in thousands). Computations of prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes are based on numerous assumptions, including relative levels of market interest rates, loan prepayments and deposit repricing characteristics, including decay rates, and correlations to movements in interest rates, and should not be relied on as indicative of actual results.
59

Table of Contents
 
NPV at September 30, 2022
Change in Interest Rates (basis points)Estimated Present Value of AssetsEstimated Present Value of LiabilitiesEstimated NPVEstimated Change In NPVEstimated Change in NPV %Estimated NPV/Present Value of Assets RatioNext 12 Months Net Interest Income Percent ChangeMonths 13-24 Net Interest Income Percent Change
+400$4,913,384 $4,087,945 $825,439 $(217,524)(20.86)%16.80 %(19.60)%(4.10)%
+3005,035,981 4,160,493 875,488 (167,475)(16.06)17.38 (14.36)(2.84)
+2005,172,849 4,236,864 935,985 (106,978)(10.26)18.09 (8.90)(0.72)
+1005,306,201 4,317,534 988,667 (54,296)(5.21)18.63 (4.19)(0.05)
5,445,979 4,403,016 1,042,963 — — 19.15 — — 
(100)5,585,885 4,527,460 1,058,425 15,462 1.48 18.95 (1.50)(4.72)
(200)5,722,242 4,663,761 1,058,481 15,518 1.49 18.50 (3.82)(8.97)
     
 
NPV at December 31, 2021
Change in Interest Rates (basis points)Estimated Present Value of AssetsEstimated Present Value of LiabilitiesEstimated NPVEstimated Change In NPVEstimated Change in NPV %Estimated NPV/Present Value of Assets RatioNext 12 Months Net Interest Income Percent ChangeMonths 13-24 Net Interest Income Percent Change
+400$5,036,366 $4,101,782 $934,584 $(145,605)(13.48)%18.56 %(14.49)%4.48 %
+3005,155,293 4,180,838 974,455 (105,734)(9.79)18.90 (10.51)3.78 
+2005,279,904 4,264,283 1,015,621 (64,568)(5.98)19.24 (6.51)3.32 
+1005,405,275 4,352,712 1,052,563 (27,626)(2.56)19.47 (2.79)2.20 
5,526,916 4,446,727 1,080,189 — — 19.54 — — 
(100)5,650,190 4,594,219 1,055,971 (24,218)(2.24)18.69 (3.83)(7.93)
(200)5,765,436 4,715,356 1,050,080 (30,109)(2.79)18.21 (6.02)(11.42)
At September 30, 2022, in the event of a 200 basis point decrease in interest rates, we would experience a 1.49% increase in estimated net portfolio value, a 3.82% decrease in net interest income in year one, and an 8.97% decrease in net interest income in year two. In the event of a 400 basis point increase in interest rates, we would experience a 20.86% decrease in estimated net portfolio value, a 19.60% decrease in net interest income in year one and a 4.10% decrease in net interest income in year two. Our policies provide that, in the event of a 200 basis point decrease or less in interest rates, our net present value ratio should decrease by no more than 300 basis points and 10%, and in the event of a 400 basis point increase or less, our net present value should decrease by no more than 475 basis points and 35%. In the event of a 200 basis point decrease or less, our projected net interest income should decrease by no more than 10% in year one and 16% in year two, and in the event of a 400 basis point increase or less, our projected net interest income should decrease by no more than 38% in year one and 26% in year two. However, when the federal funds rate is low and negative rate shocks do not produce meaningful results, management may temporarily suspend use of guidelines for negative interest rate shocks. At September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we were in compliance with all Board-approved policies with respect to interest rate risk management.
Certain shortcomings are inherent in the methodologies used in determining interest rate risk through changes in net portfolio value and net interest income. Our model requires us to make certain assumptions that may or may not reflect the manner in which actual yields and costs respond to changes in market interest rates. However, we also apply consistent parallel yield curve shifts (in both directions) to determine possible changes in net interest income if the theoretical yield curve shifts occurred gradually. Net interest income analysis also adjusts the asset and liability repricing analysis based on changes in prepayment rates resulting from the parallel yield curve shifts. In addition, the net portfolio value and net interest income information presented assume that the composition of our interest-sensitive assets and liabilities existing at the beginning of a period remains constant over the period being measured and assume that a particular change in interest rates is reflected uniformly across the yield curve regardless of the duration or repricing of specific assets and liabilities. Accordingly, although interest rate risk calculations provide an indication of our interest rate risk exposure at a particular point in time, such measurements are not intended to and do not provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in market interest rates on our net portfolio value or net interest income and will differ from actual results.
60

Table of Contents
ITEM 4.    CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES 
An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of September 30, 2022. Based on that evaluation, the Company’s management, including the President and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
 
During the three months ended September 30, 2022, there were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
61

Table of Contents
PART II

ITEM 1.     LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company and subsidiaries are subject to various legal actions arising in the normal course of business.  In the opinion of management, the resolution of these legal actions is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition or results of operations.

ITEM 1A.  RISK FACTORS
During the quarter ended September 30, 2022, there have been no material changes to the risk factors as previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or as previously disclosed in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

ITEM 2.     UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
(a)Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities. There were no sales of unregistered securities during the period covered by this report.
(b)Use of Proceeds. Not applicable.
(c)Repurchases of Our Equity Securities.  
On June 16, 2022, the Board of Directors of the Company approved a new stock repurchase program. The program permitted $45.0 million of the Company's shares of common stock to be repurchased in open market or private transactions, through block trades, and pursuant to any trading plan that may be adopted in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities and Exchange Commission. The timing of the repurchases depends on certain factors, including but not limited to, market conditions and prices, the Company’s liquidity and capital requirements, and alternative uses of capital. Any repurchased shares are held as treasury stock and available for general corporate purposes. The repurchases could be suspended, terminated or modified at any time for any reason, including market conditions, the cost of repurchasing shares, the availability of alternative investment opportunities, liquidity, and other factors deemed appropriate.

The following table reports information regarding purchases of the Company’s common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2022.
Period(a) Total Number of Shares Purchased(b) Average Price Paid per Share(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs
(d) Maximum Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in thousands)
July 1, 2022 to July 31, 2022275,936 $13.20 275,936 $38,616 
August 1, 2022 to August 31, 2022181,165 14.85 181,165 35,925 
September 1, 2022 to September 30, 2022338,496 14.66 338,496 30,963 
Total795,597 14.20 795,597 

ITEM 3.     DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
    None.

ITEM 4.     MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
    Not applicable.

ITEM 5.     OTHER INFORMATION
    None.

62

Table of Contents
ITEM 6.      EXHIBITS
    The following exhibits required by Item 601 of Regulation S-K are included with this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Exhibit NumberDescription
Certification of Steven M. Klein, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a).(1)
Certification of William R. Jacobs, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) and Rule 15d-14(a).(1)
Certification of Steven M. Klein, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer, and William R. Jacobs, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.(1)
101.INSXBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104
Cover page information from the Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed November 9, 2022, formatted in Inline XBRL.
(1) Filed herewith.        
63

Table of Contents
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
NORTHFIELD BANCORP, INC.
(Registrant)
 
 
Date: November 9, 2022
/s/   Steven M. Klein
Steven M. Klein
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
 
/s/   William R. Jacobs
William R. Jacobs
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
64