ORACLE CORP - Quarter Report: 2022 November (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended November 30, 2022

☐TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from ____________ to ____________

Commission File Number: 001-35992

Oracle Corporation

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware		54-2185193
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2300 Oracle Way Austin, Texas		78741
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

(737) 867-1000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share

3.125% senior notes due July 2025

ORCL

—

New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☒		Accelerated filer ☐
Non-accelerated filer ☐		Smaller reporting company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

The number of shares of registrant’s common stock outstanding as of December 7, 2022 was: 2,696,253,000.

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ORACLE CORPORATION

FORM 10-Q QUARTERLY REPORT

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		Page

PART I.	FINANCIAL INFORMATION	3

Item 1.	Financial Statements (Unaudited)	3

	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of November 30, 2022 and May 31, 2022	3

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2022 and 2021	4

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2022 and 2021	5

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit for the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2022 and 2021	6

	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended November 30, 2022 and 2021	7

	Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	8

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	27

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	45

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	45

PART II.	OTHER INFORMATION	47

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	47

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	47

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	47

Item 6.	Exhibits	48

	Signatures	49

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Cautionary Note on Forward-Looking Statements

For purposes of this Quarterly Report, the terms “Oracle,” “we,” “us” and “our” refer to Oracle Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries. This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains statements that are not historical in nature, are predictive in nature, or that depend upon or refer to future events or conditions or otherwise contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (Exchange Act), and Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (Securities Act). These include, among other things, statements regarding:

•

our expectations regarding the impacts on our business as a result of the global COVID-19 pandemic;

•

our expectation that we may acquire, and realize the anticipated benefits of acquiring, companies, products, services and technologies to further our corporate strategy as compelling opportunities become available;

•

our expectation that, on a constant currency basis, our total cloud and license revenues generally will continue to increase due to expected growth in our cloud services and license support offerings, and continued demand for our cloud license and on-premise license offerings;

•

our expectation that substantially all of our customers will renew their license support contracts annually;

•

our expectation that our hardware business will have lower operating margins as a percentage of revenues than our cloud and license business;

•

our expectation that we will continue to make significant investments in research and development, and our belief that research and development efforts are essential to maintaining our competitive position;

•

our expectation that our international operations will continue to provide a significant portion of our total revenues and expenses;

•

our expectation that variable expenditures that were curtailed primarily in response to COVID-19 may normalize in future periods provided global economic and health conditions improve;

•

our expectation that the proportion of our cloud services revenues relative to our total revenues will continue to increase;

•

the sufficiency of our sources of funding for working capital, capital expenditures, contractual obligations, acquisitions, dividends, stock repurchases, debt repayments and other matters;

•

our belief that we have adequately provided under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for outcomes related to our tax audits and that the final outcome of our tax-related examinations, agreements or judicial proceedings will not have a material effect on our results of operations, and our belief that our net deferred tax assets will likely be realized in the foreseeable future;

•

our belief that the outcome of certain legal proceedings and claims to which we are a party will not, individually or in the aggregate, result in losses that are materially in excess of amounts already recognized, if any;

•

our expectation that certain litigation related charges and other expenses will not recur;

•

the possibility that certain legal proceedings to which we are a party could have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations;

•

the timing and amount of expenses we expect to incur;

•

the cost savings we expect to realize pursuant to our Fiscal 2022 Oracle Restructuring Plan;

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•

declarations of future cash dividend payments and the timing and amount of future stock repurchases, including our expectation that the levels of our future stock repurchase activity may be modified in comparison to past periods in order to use available cash for other purposes;

•

our expectations regarding the impact of recent accounting pronouncements on our consolidated financial statements;

•

our ability to predict revenues, particularly certain cloud license and on-premise license revenues and hardware revenues;

•

the percentages of remaining performance obligations that we expect to recognize as revenues over respective future periods;

as well as other statements regarding our future operations, financial condition and prospects, and business strategies. Forward-looking statements may be preceded by, followed by or include the words “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “strives,” “endeavors,” “estimates,” “will,” “should,” “is designed to” and similar expressions. We claim the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Exchange Act and the Securities Act for all forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements on our current expectations and projections about future events. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions about our business that could affect our future results and could cause those results or other outcomes to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause or contribute to such differences include, but are not limited to, those discussed in “Risk Factors” included in documents we file from time to time with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, including our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended May 31, 2022 and our other Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q to be filed by us in our fiscal 2023, which runs from June 1, 2022 to May 31, 2023.

We have no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or risks, except to the extent required by applicable securities laws. If we do update one or more forward-looking statements, no inference should be drawn that we will make additional updates with respect to those or other forward-looking statements. New information, future events or risks could cause the forward-looking events we discuss in this Quarterly Report not to occur. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect our expectations only as of the date of this Quarterly Report.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.

Financial Statements (Unaudited)

ORACLE CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

As of November 30, 2022 and May 31, 2022

(Unaudited)

(in millions, except per share data)	November 30, 2022			May 31, 2022
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	6,813		$	21,383
Marketable securities		537			519
Trade receivables, net of allowances for credit losses of $403 and $362 as of November 30, 2022 and May 31, 2022, respectively		6,197			5,953
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		4,014			3,778
Total current assets		17,561			31,633
Non-current assets:
Property, plant and equipment, net		14,351			9,716
Intangible assets, net		11,593			1,440
Goodwill, net		61,513			43,811
Deferred tax assets		12,091			12,782
Other non-current assets		11,360			9,915
Total non-current assets		110,908			77,664
Total assets	$	128,469		$	109,297
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' DEFICIT
Current liabilities:
Notes payable and other borrowings, current	$	9,746		$	3,749
Accounts payable		1,647			1,317
Accrued compensation and related benefits		1,780			1,944
Deferred revenues		8,705			8,357
Other current liabilities		5,228			4,144
Total current liabilities		27,106			19,511
Non-current liabilities:
Notes payable and other borrowings, non-current		81,173			72,110
Income taxes payable		11,128			12,210
Deferred tax liabilities		7,165			6,031
Other non-current liabilities		5,673			5,203
Total non-current liabilities		105,139			95,554
Commitments and contingencies
Oracle Corporation stockholders' deficit:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value—authorized: 1.0 shares; outstanding: none		—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value and additional paid in capital—authorized: 11,000 shares; outstanding: 2,695 shares and 2,665 shares as of November 30, 2022 and May 31, 2022, respectively		28,148			26,808
Accumulated deficit		(30,617	)		(31,336	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(1,777	)		(1,692	)
Total Oracle Corporation stockholders' deficit		(4,246	)		(6,220	)
Noncontrolling interests		470			452
Total stockholders' deficit		(3,776	)		(5,768	)
Total liabilities and stockholders' deficit	$	128,469		$	109,297

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ORACLE CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

For the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2022 and 2021

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended November 30,						Six Months Ended November 30,
(in millions, except per share data)	2022			2021			2022			2021
Revenues:
Cloud services and license support	$	8,598		$	7,554		$	17,015		$	14,925
Cloud license and on-premise license		1,435			1,237			2,339			2,049
Hardware		850			767			1,613			1,530
Services		1,392			802			2,753			1,583
Total revenues		12,275			10,360			23,720			20,087
Operating expenses:
Cloud services and license support⁽¹⁾		1,891			1,259			3,626			2,472
Hardware⁽¹⁾		286			229			536			474
Services⁽¹⁾		1,181			671			2,233			1,315
Sales and marketing⁽¹⁾		2,216			1,954			4,393			3,808
Research and development		2,158			1,754			4,251			3,438
General and administrative		366			319			777			618
Amortization of intangible assets		907			299			1,826			603
Acquisition related and other		62			4,667			103			4,687
Restructuring		137			32			281			70
Total operating expenses		9,204			11,184			18,026			17,485
Operating income (loss)		3,071			(824	)		5,694			2,602
Interest expense		(856	)		(679	)		(1,643	)		(1,384	)
Non-operating (expenses) income, net		(71	)		7			(251	)		(34	)
Income (loss) before income taxes		2,144			(1,496	)		3,800			1,184
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes		(403	)		249			(511	)		25
Net income (loss)	$	1,741		$	(1,247	)	$	3,289		$	1,209
Earnings (loss) per share:
Basic	$	0.65		$	(0.46	)	$	1.22		$	0.44
Diluted	$	0.63		$	(0.46	)	$	1.20		$	0.43
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
Basic		2,695			2,694			2,690			2,731
Diluted		2,746			2,694			2,747			2,823

⁽¹⁾	Exclusive of amortization of intangible assets, which is shown separately.

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ORACLE CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

For the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2022 and 2021

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended November 30,					Six Months Ended November 30,
(in millions)	2022		2021			2022			2021
Net income (loss)	$	1,741	$	(1,247	)	$	3,289		$	1,209
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Net foreign currency translation gains (losses)		95		(222	)		(194	)		(445	)
Net unrealized gains (losses) on defined benefit plans		—		2			(1	)		4
Net unrealized gains on cash flow hedges		93		—			110			—
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net		188		(220	)		(85	)		(441	)
Comprehensive income (loss)	$	1,929	$	(1,467	)	$	3,204		$	768

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ORACLE CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

For the Three and Six Months Ended November 30, 2022 and 2021

(Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended November 30,						Six Months Ended November 30,
(in millions, except per share data)	2022			2021			2022			2021
Common stock and additional paid in capital
Balance, beginning of period	$	27,224		$	25,534		$	26,808		$	26,533
Common stock issued		146			157			661			305
Stock-based compensation		909			681			1,659			1,226
Repurchases of common stock		(61	)		(711	)		(134	)		(1,583	)
Other, net		(70	)		(70	)		(846	)		(890	)
Balance, end of period	$	28,148		$	25,591		$	28,148		$	25,591
Accumulated deficit
Balance, beginning of period	$	(31,134	)	$	(25,679	)	$	(31,336	)	$	(20,120	)
Repurchases of common stock		(361	)		(6,289	)		(847	)		(13,417	)
Cash dividends declared		(863	)		(861	)		(1,723	)		(1,748	)
Net income (loss)		1,741			(1,247	)		3,289			1,209
Balance, end of period	$	(30,617	)	$	(34,076	)	$	(30,617	)	$	(34,076	)
Other stockholders' deficit, net
Balance, beginning of period	$	(1,539	)	$	(985	)	$	(1,240	)	$	(461	)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net		188			(220	)		(85	)		(441	)
Other, net		44			32			18			(271	)
Balance, end of period	$	(1,307	)	$	(1,173	)	$	(1,307	)	$	(1,173	)
Total stockholders' deficit	$	(3,776	)	$	(9,658	)	$	(3,776	)	$	(9,658	)
Cash dividends declared per common share	$	0.32		$	0.32		$	0.64		$	0.64

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ORACLE CORPORATION

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

For the Six Months Ended November 30, 2022 and 2021

(Unaudited)

	Six Months Ended November 30,
(in millions)	2022			2021
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income	$	3,289		$	1,209
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation		1,138			913
Amortization of intangible assets		1,826			603
Deferred income taxes		(852	)		(820	)
Stock-based compensation		1,659			1,226
Other, net		289			(176	)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions:
Decrease in trade receivables, net		516			789
Decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets		121			263
Decrease in accounts payable and other liabilities		(785	)		(918	)
Decrease in income taxes payable		(327	)		(849	)
Increase (decrease) in deferred revenues		369			(531	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		7,243			1,709
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of marketable securities and other investments		(603	)		(9,631	)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of marketable securities and other investments		462			21,617
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired		(27,799	)		(50	)
Capital expenditures		(4,154	)		(1,987	)
Net cash (used for) provided by investing activities		(32,094	)		9,949
Cash flows from financing activities:
Payments for repurchases of common stock		(1,000	)		(15,001	)
Proceeds from issuances of common stock		661			305
Shares repurchased for tax withholdings upon vesting of restricted stock-based awards		(895	)		(890	)
Payments of dividends to stockholders		(1,723	)		(1,748	)
Proceeds from issuances of commercial paper, net of repayments		1,880			—
Proceeds from issuances of senior notes and other borrowings, net of issuance costs		28,280			—
Repayments of senior notes and other borrowings		(16,692	)		(5,750	)
Other, net		(56	)		(437	)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities		10,455			(23,521	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents		(174	)		(297	)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents		(14,570	)		(12,160	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period		21,383			30,098
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period	$	6,813		$	17,938
Non-cash financing activities:
Fair values of stock awards assumed in connection with acquisitions	$	55		$	—

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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ORACLE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

November 30, 2022

(Unaudited)

1.	BASIS OF PRESENTATION, RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS AND OTHER

Basis of Presentation

We have prepared the condensed consolidated financial statements included herein pursuant to the rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to such rules and regulations. However, we believe that the disclosures herein are adequate to ensure the information presented is not misleading. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2022.

The comparability of our condensed consolidated financial statements during the second quarter and first half of fiscal 2023 compared to the corresponding prior year periods was impacted by $4.7 billion of certain litigation related charges during the fiscal 2022 periods presented. Refer to Note 16 to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended May 31, 2022 for additional information.

On June 8, 2022, we completed our acquisition of Cerner Corporation (Cerner), a provider of digital information systems used within hospitals and health systems, by means of a merger of one of our wholly owned subsidiaries with and into Cerner such that Cerner became an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Oracle. Through our acquisition of Cerner, we enhanced our offerings of each of our three existing businesses, cloud and license, hardware and services. The condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Quarterly Report include the financial results of Cerner prospectively from the date of acquisition. Refer to Note 2 below for additional details regarding our acquisition of Cerner.

We believe that all necessary adjustments, which consisted only of normal recurring items, have been included in the accompanying financial statements to present fairly the results of the interim periods. The results of operations for the interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the operating results to be expected for any subsequent interim period or for our fiscal year ending May 31, 2023.

There have been no changes to our significant accounting policies as disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2022 that had a significant impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements or notes thereto as of and for the six months ended November 30, 2022.

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ORACLE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

November 30, 2022

(Unaudited)

Use of Estimates

Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP as set forth in the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (FASB) Accounting Standards Codification, and we consider various staff accounting bulletins and other applicable guidance issued by the SEC. These accounting principles require us to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. We believe that the estimates, judgments and assumptions upon which we rely are reasonable based upon information available to us at the time that these estimates, judgments and assumptions are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. To the extent that there are differences between these estimates, judgments or assumptions and actual results, our consolidated financial statements will be affected. In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by GAAP and does not require management’s judgment in its application. There are also areas in which management’s judgment in selecting among available alternatives would not produce a materially different result.

During the first quarter of fiscal 2023, we completed an assessment of the useful lives of our servers and increased the estimate of the useful lives from four years to five years effective at the beginning of fiscal 2023. Based on the carrying value of our servers as of May 31, 2022, this change in accounting estimate decreased our total operating expenses by $114 million and $245 million for the second quarter and first half of fiscal 2023, respectively.

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash

Restricted cash that was included within cash and cash equivalents as presented within our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of November 30, 2022 and May 31, 2022 and our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows for the six months ended November 30, 2022 and 2021 was nominal.

Remaining Performance Obligations from Contracts with Customers

Trade receivables, net of allowance for credit losses, and deferred revenues are reported net of related uncollected deferred revenues in our condensed consolidated balance sheets as of November 30, 2022 and May 31, 2022. The revenues recognized during the six months ended November 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, that were included in the opening deferred revenues balances as of May 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, were approximately $6.2 billion and $6.5 billion, respectively. Revenues recognized from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods and impairment losses recognized on our receivables were immaterial in each of the three and six months ended November 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively.

Remaining performance obligations, as defined in Note 1 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2022, were $61.2 billion as of November 30, 2022, approximately 48% of which we expect to recognize as revenues over the next twelve months, 35% over the subsequent month 13 to month 36, and the remainder thereafter.

Sales of Financing Receivables

We offer certain of our customers the option to acquire certain of our cloud and license, hardware and services offerings through separate long-term payment contracts. We generally sell these contracts that we have financed for our customers on a non-recourse basis to financial institutions within 90 days of the contracts’ dates of execution. We record the transfers of amounts due from customers to financial institutions as sales of financing receivables because we are considered to have surrendered control of these financing receivables. Financing receivables sold to financial institutions were $265 million and $1.2 billion for the three and six months ended November 30, 2022, respectively, and $351 million and $1.0 billion for the three and six months ended November 30, 2021, respectively.

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ORACLE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

November 30, 2022

(Unaudited)

Non-Marketable Investments

Our non-marketable debt investments and equity securities and related instruments totaled $2.0 billion and $1.2 billion as of November 30, 2022 and May 31, 2022, respectively, and are included in other non-current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and are subject to periodic impairment reviews. Certain of these non-marketable equity securities and related instruments are adjusted for observable price changes from orderly transactions. The majority of the non-marketable investments held as of these dates were with a related party entity for which we follow the equity method of accounting. We are also a counterparty to certain options to acquire additional equity interests in that entity at various times through June 2025 and we could obtain control of that entity should such options be exercised.

Acquisition Related and Other Expenses

Acquisition related and other expenses primarily consist of personnel related costs for transitional and certain other employees, certain business combination adjustments, including adjustments after the measurement period has ended, and certain other operating items, net. For the fiscal 2022 periods presented, acquisition related and other expenses included certain litigation related charges.

	Three Months Ended November 30,				Six Months Ended November 30,
(in millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Transitional and other employee related costs	$	21	$	2	$	38	$	4
Business combination adjustments, net		3		1		8		4
Other, net		38		4,664		57		4,679
Total acquisition related and other expenses	$	62	$	4,667	$	103	$	4,687

Non-Operating (Expenses) Income, net

Non-operating (expenses) income, net consists primarily of interest income, net foreign currency exchange losses, the noncontrolling interests in the net profits of our majority-owned subsidiaries (primarily Oracle Financial Services Software Limited and Oracle Corporation Japan), net gains and losses related to equity investments including losses attributable to equity method investments and net other income and expenses, including net unrealized gains and losses from our investment portfolio related to our deferred compensation plan, and non-service net periodic pension income and losses.

	Three Months Ended November 30,						Six Months Ended November 30,
(in millions)	2022			2021			2022			2021
Interest income	$	52		$	21		$	90		$	40
Foreign currency losses, net		(55	)		(46	)		(125	)		(81	)
Noncontrolling interests in income		(41	)		(42	)		(79	)		(89	)
(Losses) gains from equity investments, net		(40	)		80			(126	)		59
Other gains (losses), net		13			(6	)		(11	)		37
Total non-operating (expenses) income, net	$	(71	)	$	7		$	(251	)	$	(34	)

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ORACLE CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

November 30, 2022

(Unaudited)

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Financial Instruments: In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (ASU 2020-04) and also issued subsequent amendments to the initial guidance (collectively, Topic 848). Topic 848 provides optional guidance for contract modifications and certain hedging relationships associated with the transition from reference rates that are expected to be discontinued. We will adopt Topic 848 when our relevant contracts are modified upon transition to alternative reference rates. We do not expect our adoption of Topic 848 to have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements.

2.	ACQUISITIONS

Acquisition of Cerner Corporation

On December 20, 2021, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger (Merger Agreement) with Cerner, a provider of digital information systems used within hospitals and health systems that are designed to enable medical professionals to deliver better healthcare to individual patients and communities.

On January 19, 2022, pursuant to the Merger Agreement, we commenced a tender offer to purchase all of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of Cerner at a purchase price of $95.00 per share, net to the seller in cash, without interest thereon, based upon the terms and subject to the conditions set forth in the Offer to Purchase dated January 19, 2022, and the related Letter of Transmittal.

On June 8, 2022, pursuant to the terms of the tender offer and applicable Delaware law, we acquired all the outstanding Cerner shares and effectuated the merger of Cerner with and into a wholly-owned subsidiary of Oracle and Cerner became an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Oracle. Vested equity awards outstanding immediately prior to the consummation of the merger were cancelled in exchange for the right to receive an amount in cash based on a formula contained in the Merger Agreement. The unvested equity awards to acquire Cerner common stock that were outstanding immediately prior to the conclusion of the merger were converted into equity awards denominated in shares of Oracle common stock based on formulas contained in the Merger Agreement. We have included the financial results of Cerner in our consolidated financial statements from the date of acquisition. For the second quarter and first half of fiscal 2023, Cerner contributed $1.5 billion and $3.0 billion to our total revenues, respectively.

The total preliminary purchase price for Cerner was approximately $28.2 billion, which consisted of approximately $28.2 billion in cash and $55 million for the fair values of restricted stock-based awards and stock options assumed. Pursuant to our business combinations accounting policy, we estimated the preliminary fair values of net tangible and intangible assets acquired, and the excess of the consideration transferred over the aggregate of such fair values was recorded as goodwill. The preliminary fair values of net tangible assets and intangible assets acquired were based on preliminary valuations, and our estimates and assumptions are subject to change within the measurement period (up to one year from the acquisition date). The primary areas that remain preliminary relate to the fair values of intangible assets acquired, certain tangible assets and liabilities acquired, certain legal matters, income and non-income based taxes and residual goodwill. We expect to continue to obtain information to assist us in determining the fair values of the net assets acquired during the measurement period. The following table summarizes the estimated preliminary fair values of net tangible and intangible assets acquired from Cerner:

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

November 30, 2022

(Unaudited)

(in millions)
Cash and marketable securities	$	769
Trade receivables, net		843
Property, plant and equipment, net		1,514
Intangible assets		11,972
Goodwill		17,777
Other assets		837
Accounts payable and other liabilities		(979	)
Deferred revenues		(297	)
Senior notes and other borrowings		(1,600	)
Deferred tax liabilities, net		(2,611	)
Total	$	28,225

All of the $1.6 billion of senior notes and other borrowings assumed through our Cerner acquisition were paid during the first half of fiscal 2023. Refer to Note 5 below for more information. We do not expect the goodwill recognized as a part of our acquisition of Cerner to be deductible for income tax purposes.

Other Fiscal 2023 and 2022 Acquisitions

During the first half of fiscal 2023 and full year fiscal 2022, we acquired certain other companies and purchased certain technology and development assets primarily to expand our products and services offerings. These acquisitions were not significant individually or in the aggregate to our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information

The unaudited pro forma financial information in the table below summarizes the combined results of operations for Oracle and Cerner. The unaudited pro forma financial information for all periods presented included the business combination accounting effects resulting from this acquisition, including amortization charges from acquired intangible assets (certain of which are preliminary), stock-based compensation charges for unvested restricted stock-based awards and stock options assumed and the related tax effects as though Cerner was combined as of the beginning of fiscal 2022. The unaudited pro forma financial information as presented below is for informational purposes only and is not necessarily indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had taken place at the beginning of fiscal 2022.

The unaudited pro forma financial information for the three and six months ended November 30, 2022 and 2021 combined the historical results of Oracle for the three and six months ended November 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, the historical results of Cerner for the three and six months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, (adjusted due to differences in reporting periods and considering the date we acquired Cerner) and the effects of the pro forma adjustments listed above. The unaudited pro forma financial information was as follows:

	Three Months Ended November 30,					Six Months Ended November 30,
(in millions, except per share data)	2022		2021			2022		2021
Total revenues	$	12,275	$	11,820		$	23,831	$	22,998
Net income (loss)	$	1,741	$	(1,649	)	$	3,242	$	203
Basic earnings (loss) per share	$	0.65	$	(0.61	)	$	1.21	$	0.07
Diluted earnings (loss) per share	$	0.63	$	(0.61	)	$	1.18	$	0.07

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

November 30, 2022

(Unaudited)

3.	FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

We perform fair value measurements in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 820, Fair Value Measurement. ASC 820 defines fair value as the price that would be received from selling an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. When determining the fair value measurements for assets and liabilities required to be recorded at their fair values, we consider the principal or most advantageous market in which we would transact and consider assumptions that market participants would use when pricing the assets or liabilities, such as inherent risk, transfer restrictions and risk of nonperformance.

ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. An asset’s or a liability’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. ASC 820 establishes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

•

Level 1: quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities;

•

Level 2: inputs other than Level 1 that are observable, either directly or indirectly, such as quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities; or

•

Level 3: unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair values of the assets or liabilities.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

Our assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following (Level 1 and Level 2 inputs are defined above):

	November 30, 2022						May 31, 2022
	Fair Value Measurements Using Input Types						Fair Value Measurements Using Input Types
(in millions)	Level 1		Level 2		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Total
Assets:
Money market funds	$	460	$	—	$	460	$	12,842	$	—	$	12,842
Time deposits and other		170		376		546		240		280		520
Commercial paper debt securities		—		10		10		—		—		—
Derivative financial instruments		—		110		110		—		—		—
Total assets	$	630	$	496	$	1,126	$	13,082	$	280	$	13,362
Liabilities:
Derivative financial instruments	$	—	$	148	$	148	$	—	$	97	$	97

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November 30, 2022

(Unaudited)

Our marketable securities investments consist of money market funds, time deposits and certain other securities. Marketable securities as presented per our condensed consolidated balance sheets included debt securities with original maturities at the time of purchase greater than three months and the remainder of the debt securities were included in cash and cash equivalents. We classify our marketable debt securities as available-for-sale debt securities at the time of purchase and reevaluate such classification as of each balance sheet date. As of November 30, 2022 and May 31, 2022, all of our marketable debt securities investments mature within one year. Our valuation techniques used to measure the fair values of our instruments that were classified as Level 1 in the table above were derived from quoted market prices and active markets for these instruments that exist. Our valuation techniques used to measure the fair values of Level 2 instruments listed in the table above were derived from the following: non-binding market consensus prices that were corroborated by observable market data, quoted market prices for similar instruments, or pricing models, such as discounted cash flow techniques, with all significant inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market data including reference rate yield curves, among others.

Based on the trading prices of the $89.0 billion and $75.9 billion of senior notes and other borrowings and the related fair value hedges that we had outstanding as of November 30, 2022 and May 31, 2022, respectively, the estimated fair values of the senior notes and other borrowings and the related fair value hedges using Level 2 inputs at November 30, 2022 and May 31, 2022 were $78.7 billion and $67.0 billion, respectively.

4.	INTANGIBLE ASSETS AND GOODWILL

The changes in intangible assets for fiscal 2023 and the net book value of intangible assets as of November 30, 2022 and May 31, 2022 were as follows:

	Intangible Assets, Gross						Accumulated Amortization									Intangible Assets, Net				Weighted Average Useful Life⁽²⁾
(Dollars in millions)	May 31, 2022		Additions & Adjustments, net⁽¹⁾		November 30, 2022		May 31, 2022			Expense			November 30, 2022			May 31, 2022		November 30, 2022		Weighted Average Useful Life⁽²⁾
Developed technology	$	3,966	$	2,379	$	6,345	$	(3,660	)	$	(449	)	$	(4,109	)	$	306	$	2,236		4
Cloud services and license support agreements and related relationships		5,260		4,318		9,578		(4,194	)		(749	)		(4,943	)		1,066		4,635		7
Cloud license and on-premise license agreements and related relationships		356		2,437		2,793		(343	)		(225	)		(568	)		13		2,225		7
Other		865		2,845		3,710		(810	)		(403	)		(1,213	)		55		2,497		4
Total intangible assets, net	$	10,447	$	11,979	$	22,426	$	(9,007	)	$	(1,826	)	$	(10,833	)	$	1,440	$	11,593

⁽¹⁾	Amounts also included any changes in intangible asset balances for the periods presented that resulted from foreign currency translations.

⁽²⁾	Represents weighted-average useful lives (in years) of intangible assets acquired during fiscal 2023.

As of November 30, 2022, estimated future amortization expenses related to intangible assets were as follows (in millions):

Remainder of fiscal 2023	$	1,755
Fiscal 2024		2,995
Fiscal 2025		2,283
Fiscal 2026		1,620
Fiscal 2027		664
Fiscal 2028		635
Thereafter		1,641
Total intangible assets, net	$	11,593

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

November 30, 2022

(Unaudited)

The changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill, net, which is generally not deductible for tax purposes, for our operating segments for the six months ended November 30, 2022 were as follows:

(in millions)	Cloud and License			Hardware		Services			Total Goodwill, net
Balances as of May 31, 2022	$	39,938		$	2,367	$	1,506		$	43,811
Goodwill from acquisitions		16,460			346		1,065			17,871
Goodwill adjustments, net⁽¹⁾		(54	)		—		(115	)		(169	)
Balances as of November 30, 2022	$	56,344		$	2,713	$	2,456		$	61,513

⁽¹⁾

Pursuant to our business combinations accounting policy, we recorded goodwill adjustments for the effects on goodwill of changes to net assets acquired during the period that such a change is identified, provided that any such change is within the measurement period (up to one year from the date of the acquisition). Amounts also include any changes in goodwill balances for the period presented that resulted from foreign currency translations.

5.	NOTES PAYABLE AND OTHER BORROWINGS

Delayed Draw Term Loan Credit Agreement

On June 8, 2022, we borrowed $15.7 billion under a delayed draw term loan credit agreement (Bridge Credit Agreement) that we entered into in March 2022 to partly finance our acquisition of Cerner. The Bridge Credit Agreement provides that, subject to certain exceptions, net cash proceeds received by us from certain debt and equity issuances shall result in mandatory prepayments under the Bridge Credit Agreement. All amounts borrowed under the Bridge Credit Agreement will become due on March 7, 2023, unless settled earlier pursuant to the terms of the Bridge Credit Agreement. Interest is based on either (a) a Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR)-based formula plus a margin of 100.0 basis points to 137.5 basis points, depending on the credit rating assigned to our long-term senior unsecured debt, or (b) a Base Rate formula plus a margin of 0.0 basis points to 37.5 basis points, depending on the same such credit rating, each as set forth in the Bridge Credit Agreement. The effective interest rate for the second quarter and first half of fiscal 2023 was 4.40% and 3.39%, respectively. We repaid $12.6 billion borrowed under the Bridge Credit Agreement during the first half of fiscal 2023.

Five-Year Term Loan Credit Agreement

On August 16, 2022, we entered into a $4.4 billion term loan credit agreement (Term Loan Credit Agreement), which provides for a total term loan commitment of $4.4 billion, comprised of a $3.6 billion term loan (Term Loan 1 Facility) and a $790 million term loan (Term Loan 2 Facility and, together with the Term Loan 1 Facility, the Term Loan Facilities). The proceeds of the Term Loan Facilities may only be used to refinance indebtedness incurred under the Bridge Credit Agreement and to pay related fees and expenses.

On November 2, 2022, the total term loan commitment was increased by $1.3 billion, comprised of $1.1 billion under the Term Loan 1 Facility and $170 million under the Term Loan 2 Facility pursuant to the terms of the Term Loan Credit Agreement.

We may request additional commitments under the Term Loan Credit Agreement up to a maximum of $6.0 billion (each, an Incremental Borrowing). The use of proceeds of any Incremental Borrowing will be specified at the time of such borrowing and may include working capital purposes and other general corporate purposes.

We initially borrowed $4.4 billion on August 16, 2022, and we borrowed an incremental $1.3 billion on November 2, 2022, each under the Term Loan Facilities. We used the net proceeds of the borrowings under the Term Loan Credit Agreement to reduce the amount of indebtedness outstanding under the Bridge Credit Agreement. The effective interest rate for these borrowings during the second quarter and first half of fiscal 2023 was 4.86% and 4.74%, respectively.

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November 30, 2022

(Unaudited)

The Term Loan Credit Agreement provides for repayment of borrowings under the Term Loan Facilities as follows:

•

an amount equal to the amount borrowed reduced by any prepayments multiplied by 1.25% on September 30, 2024 and quarterly thereafter until June 30, 2026;

•

an amount equal to the amount borrowed reduced by any prepayments multiplied by 2.50% on September 30, 2026 and quarterly thereafter until June 30, 2027; and

•

any remaining unpaid principal balance under the Term Loan 1 Facility will become fully due and payable on August 16, 2027 and any remaining unpaid principal balance under the Term Loan 2 Facility will become fully due and payable on August 16, 2025 (subject to any extension of the Term Loan 2 Facility termination date, as set out below), unless the outstanding loans are prepaid earlier at the request of Oracle or accelerated by the lenders if an event of default occurs.

The termination date of the Term Loan 2 Facility may be extended at our sole option by up to 2 years. The termination date of each Term Loan Facility may also be further extended at each lender’s option by up to 2 years.

Interest is based on either (a) a Term SOFR-based formula plus a margin of 147.5 basis points to 197.5 basis points, depending on the credit rating assigned to our long-term senior unsecured debt, or (b) a Base Rate formula plus a margin of 47.5 basis points to 97.5 basis points, depending on the same such credit rating, each as set forth in the Term Loan Credit Agreement.

The Term Loan Credit Agreement contains certain customary representations and warranties, covenants and events of default, including the requirement that the ratio of “Consolidated EBITDA” to “Consolidated Net Interest Expense” (each term as defined in the Term Loan Credit Agreement) of Oracle and its subsidiaries shall not be less than 3.0 to 1.0 at the end of any fiscal quarter during the period that the Term Loan Credit Agreement is effective. If an event of default occurs under the Term Loan Credit Agreement and is not cured within the applicable grace period or waived, any unpaid amounts under the Term Loan Credit Agreement may be declared immediately due and payable. We were in compliance with such covenants as of November 30, 2022.

The summary above does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the Term Loan Credit Agreement.

Senior Notes

In November 2022, we issued $7.0 billion, par value, of fixed-rate senior notes comprised of the following as of November 30, 2022:

	November 30, 2022
(Dollars in millions)	Amount			Effective Interest Rate
$1,000, 5.80%, due November 2025	$	1,000		5.93%
$1,250, 6.15%, due November 2029		1,250		6.21%
$2,250, 6.25%, due November 2032		2,250		6.32%
$2,500, 6.90%, due November 2052		2,500		6.94%
Total fixed rate senior notes	$	7,000
Unamortized discount/issuance costs		(33	)
Total fixed-rate senior notes, net	$	6,967

We used the net proceeds from the issuance of the senior notes to reduce the amount of indebtedness outstanding under the Bridge Credit Agreement. The interest is payable semi-annually. We may redeem some or all of the senior notes of each series prior to their maturity, subject to certain restrictions, and the payment of an applicable make-whole premium in certain instances.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

November 30, 2022

(Unaudited)

The senior notes rank pari passu with any other existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated indebtedness of Oracle. All existing and future indebtedness and liabilities of the subsidiaries of Oracle are or will be effectively senior to the senior notes. We were in compliance with all senior notes-related covenants at November 30, 2022. The material terms and conditions of the senior notes are set forth in, and the foregoing description of the senior notes is qualified in its entirety by reference to, the Officers’ Certificate filed herewith as Exhibit 4.01 and incorporated by reference herein.

Cash Flow Hedge —Interest Rate Swap Agreements

In August 2022, we entered into certain interest rate swap agreements to manage the related interest rate risk of $4.4 billion borrowings under the Term Loan Credit Agreement by effectively converting the floating-rate to fixed-rate. The economic effect of the swap agreements was to eliminate the uncertainty of the cash flows associated with floating-rate interest payments of the Term Loan Credit Agreement by a fixed annual interest rate of 3.07%, plus a margin depending on the credit rating assigned to our long-term senior unsecured debt as mentioned above. We have designated these interest rate swap agreements as qualifying hedging instruments and are accounting for these as cash flow hedges pursuant to ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging.

The fair values of these interest rate swap agreements are recognized either as non-current assets or non-current liabilities in our consolidated balance sheets. Changes in the fair values of these interest rate swap agreements are reported in accumulated other comprehensive loss in our consolidated balance sheets and an amount is reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive loss into non-operating income or expense, net in the same period that corresponding interest expense is recognized.

We do not use any interest rate swap agreements for trading purposes.

Cerner Senior Notes and Other Borrowings

In connection with our acquisition of Cerner, we assumed:

•

$1.0 billion par value of legacy Cerner senior notes. The acquisition triggered a mandatory offer to prepay such senior notes in accordance with the terms of the underlying note purchase agreements. Holders of $931 million par value of senior notes exercised the option for prepayment, and accordingly, such notes together with accrued interest were redeemed on June 8, 2022, and the remaining outstanding senior notes together with accrued interest were redeemed during the second quarter of fiscal 2023; and

•

$600 million of principal amount of revolving credit loans. The entire loan along with accrued interest was settled and the credit facility was terminated on June 8, 2022.

Commercial Paper Program and Commercial Paper Notes

During the first half of fiscal 2023, our commercial paper program was increased to $6.0 billion. Our commercial paper program allows us to issue and sell unsecured short-term promissory notes pursuant to a private placement exemption from the registration requirements under federal and state securities laws pursuant to dealer agreements with various banks and an Issuing and Paying Agency Agreement with Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas.

There were $1.9 billion of outstanding commercial paper notes as of November 30, 2022 (none outstanding as of May 31, 2022) that mature at various dates through March 2023. The effective interest rate, including issuance costs for the second quarter and first half of fiscal 2023, was 4.48%. We use the net proceeds from the issuance of commercial paper for general corporate purposes.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

November 30, 2022

(Unaudited)

There have been no other significant changes in our notes payable or other borrowing arrangements that were disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2022.

6.	RESTRUCTURING ACTIVITIES

Fiscal 2022 Oracle Restructuring Plan

During fiscal 2022, our management approved, committed to and initiated plans to restructure and further improve efficiencies in our operations due to our acquisitions and certain other operational activities (2022 Restructuring Plan). In the first half of fiscal 2023, our management supplemented the 2022 Restructuring Plan to reflect additional actions that we expect to take. The total estimated restructuring costs associated with the 2022 Restructuring Plan are up to $927 million and will be recorded to the restructuring expense line item within our condensed consolidated statements of operations as they are incurred. We recorded $284 million and $92 million of restructuring expenses in connection with the 2022 Restructuring Plan in the first half of fiscal 2023 and 2022, respectively. We expect to incur the majority of the estimated remaining $420 million through the end of fiscal 2023. Any changes to the estimates or timing of executing the 2022 Restructuring Plan will be reflected in our future results of operations.

Summary of All Plans

	Accrued May 31, 2022⁽²⁾		Six Months Ended November 30, 2022											Accrued November 30, 2022⁽²⁾		Total Costs Accrued to Date		Total Expected Program Costs
(in millions)	Accrued May 31, 2022⁽²⁾		Initial Costs⁽³⁾		Adj. to Cost⁽⁴⁾			Cash Payments			Others⁽⁵⁾			Accrued November 30, 2022⁽²⁾		Total Costs Accrued to Date		Total Expected Program Costs
2022 Restructuring Plan⁽¹⁾
Cloud and license	$	34	$	156	$	2		$	(109	)	$	(1	)	$	82	$	246	$	529
Hardware		7		10		—			(8	)		(1	)		8		21		32
Services		9		15		—			(10	)		(1	)		13		31		36
Other		10		100		1			(74	)		(1	)		36		209		330
Total 2022 Restructuring Plan	$	60	$	281	$	3		$	(201	)	$	(4	)	$	139	$	507	$	927
Total other restructuring plans⁽⁶⁾	$	71	$	—	$	(3	)	$	(13	)	$	(2	)	$	53
Total restructuring plans	$	131	$	281	$	—		$	(214	)	$	(6	)	$	192

⁽¹⁾	Restructuring costs recorded to each of the operating segments presented primarily related to employee severance costs. Other restructuring costs represented employee severance costs not related to our operating segments and certain other restructuring plan costs.

⁽²⁾	As of November 30, 2022 and May 31, 2022, substantially all restructuring liabilities have been recorded in other current liabilities within our condensed consolidated balance sheets.

⁽³⁾	Costs recorded for the respective restructuring plans during the period presented.

⁽⁴⁾	All plan adjustments were changes in estimates whereby increases and decreases in costs were generally recorded to operating expenses in the period of adjustments.

⁽⁵⁾	Represents foreign currency translation and certain other non-cash adjustments.

⁽⁶⁾

Other restructuring plans presented in the table above included condensed information for other Oracle based plans and other plans associated with certain of our acquisitions whereby we continued to make cash outlays to settle obligations under these plans during the period presented but for which the periodic impact to our condensed consolidated statements of operations was not significant.

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

November 30, 2022

(Unaudited)

7.	DEFERRED REVENUES

Deferred revenues consisted of the following:

(in millions)	November 30, 2022		May 31, 2022
Cloud services and license support	$	7,758	$	7,406
Hardware		495		555
Services		401		360
Cloud license and on-premise license		51		36
Deferred revenues, current		8,705		8,357
Deferred revenues, non-current (in other non-current liabilities)		773		753
Total deferred revenues	$	9,478	$	9,110

Deferred cloud services and license support revenues and deferred hardware revenues substantially represent customer payments made in advance for cloud or support contracts that are typically billed in advance with corresponding revenues generally being recognized ratably or based upon customer usage over the respective contractual periods. Deferred services revenues include prepayments for our services business and revenues for these services are generally recognized as the services are performed. Deferred cloud license and on-premise license revenues typically resulted from customer payments that related to undelivered products and services or specified enhancements.

8.	STOCKHOLDERS’ DEFICIT

Common Stock Repurchases

Our Board of Directors has approved a program for us to repurchase shares of our common stock. As of November 30, 2022, approximately $8.5 billion remained available for stock repurchases pursuant to our stock repurchase program. We repurchased 13.6 million shares for $981 million during the six months ended November 30, 2022 and 170.9 million shares for $15.0 billion during the six months ended November 30, 2021 under the stock repurchase program.

Our stock repurchase authorization does not have an expiration date and the pace of our repurchase activity will depend on factors such as our working capital needs, our cash requirements for acquisitions and dividend payments, our debt repayment obligations or repurchases of our debt, our stock price, and economic and market conditions. Our stock repurchases may be effected from time to time through open market purchases or pursuant to a Rule 10b5-1 plan. Our stock repurchase program may be accelerated, suspended, delayed or discontinued at any time.

Dividends on Common Stock

In December 2022, our Board of Directors declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.32 per share of our outstanding common stock. The dividend is payable on January 24, 2023 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on January 10, 2023. Future declarations of dividends and the establishment of future record and payment dates are subject to the final determination of our Board of Directors.

Fiscal 2023 Stock‑Based Awards Activity and Compensation Expense

During the first half of fiscal 2023, we issued 73 million restricted stock-based units (RSUs), substantially all of which were part of our annual stock-based award process, and assumed 5 million RSUs in connection with our acquisition of Cerner. All issued and assumed RSUs are subject to service-based vesting restrictions. These fiscal

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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

November 30, 2022

(Unaudited)

2023 stock-based award issuances were partially offset by stock-based award forfeitures and cancellations of 7 million shares during the first half of fiscal 2023.

The RSUs that were granted during the six months ended November 30, 2022 have similar vesting restrictions and contractual lives and were valued using methodologies of a similar nature as those described in Note 12 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2022.

Stock-based compensation expense is included in the following operating expense line items in our condensed consolidated statements of operations:

	Three Months Ended November 30,				Six Months Ended November 30,
(in millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Cloud services and license support	$	113	$	50	$	204	$	90
Hardware		5		4		9		7
Services		35		18		60		32
Sales and marketing		151		120		275		215
Research and development		510		423		932		767
General and administrative		95		66		179		115
Total stock-based compensation	$	909	$	681	$	1,659	$	1,226

9.	INCOME TAXES

Our effective tax rates for each of the periods presented are the result of the mix of income and losses earned in various tax jurisdictions that apply a broad range of income tax rates. Our (provision for) benefit from income taxes varied from the tax computed at the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate for the periods presented primarily due to earnings in foreign operations, state taxes, the U.S. research and development tax credit, settlements with tax authorities, the tax effects of stock-based compensation, the Foreign Derived Intangible Income deduction and the tax effect of Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income. Our effective tax rates were 18.8% and 13.4% for the three and six months ended November 30, 2022, respectively, and our effective tax benefit rates were (16.6%) and (2.1%) for the three and six months ended November 30, 2021, respectively.

Our net deferred tax assets were $4.9 billion and $6.8 billion as of November 30, 2022 and May 31, 2022, respectively. We believe that it is more likely than not that the net deferred tax assets will be realized in the foreseeable future. Realization of our net deferred tax assets is dependent upon our generation of sufficient taxable income in future years in appropriate tax jurisdictions to obtain benefit from the reversal of temporary differences, net operating loss carryforwards and tax credit carryforwards. The amount of net deferred tax assets considered realizable is subject to adjustment in future periods if estimates of future taxable income change.

Domestically, U.S. federal and state taxing authorities are currently examining income tax returns of Oracle and various acquired entities for years through fiscal 2021. Our U.S. federal income tax returns have been examined for all years prior to fiscal 2011 and, with some exceptions, we are no longer subject to audit for those periods. Our U.S. state income tax returns, with some exceptions, have been examined for all years prior to fiscal 2007, and we are no longer subject to audit for those periods.

Internationally, tax authorities for numerous non-U.S. jurisdictions are also examining or have examined returns of Oracle and various acquired entities for years through fiscal 2022. Many of the relevant tax years are at an advanced stage in examination or subsequent controversy resolution processes. With some exceptions, we are generally no longer subject to tax examinations in non-U.S. jurisdictions for years prior to fiscal 2001.

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We are under audit by the IRS and various other domestic and foreign tax authorities with regards to income tax and indirect tax matters and are involved in various challenges and litigation in a number of countries, including, in particular, Australia, Brazil, Canada, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Mexico, New Zealand, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, South Korea and Spain, where the amounts under controversy are significant. In some, although not all, cases, we have reserved for potential adjustments to our provision for income taxes and accrual of indirect taxes that may result from examinations by, or any negotiated agreements with, these tax authorities or final outcomes in judicial proceedings, and we believe that the final outcome of these examinations, agreements or judicial proceedings will not have a material effect on our results of operations. If events occur which indicate payment of these amounts is unnecessary, the reversal of the liabilities would result in the recognition of benefits in the period we determine the liabilities are no longer necessary. If our estimates of the federal, state, and foreign income tax liabilities and indirect tax liabilities are less than the ultimate assessment, it could result in a further charge to expense.

We believe that we have adequately provided under GAAP for outcomes related to our tax audits. However, there can be no assurances as to the possible outcomes or any related financial statement effect thereof.

10.	SEGMENT INFORMATION

ASC 280, Segment Reporting, establishes standards for reporting information about operating segments. Operating segments are defined as components of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, or decision-making group, in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. Our chief operating decision makers (CODMs) are our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Technology Officer. We are organized by line of business and geographically. While our CODMs evaluate results in a number of different ways, the line of business management structure is the primary basis for which the allocation of resources and financial results are assessed. The tabular information below presents financial information that is provided to our CODMs for their review and assists our CODMs with evaluating the company’s performance and allocating company resources.

We have three businesses—cloud and license, hardware and services—each of which is comprised of a single operating segment. All three of our businesses market and sell our offerings globally to businesses of many sizes, government agencies, educational institutions and resellers with a worldwide sales force positioned to offer the combinations that best meet customer needs.

Our cloud and license business engages in the sale, marketing and delivery of our enterprise applications and infrastructure technologies through cloud and on-premise deployment models including our cloud services and license support offerings; and our cloud license and on-premise license offerings. Cloud services and license support revenues are generated from offerings that are typically contracted with customers directly, billed to customers in advance, delivered to customers over time with our revenue recognition occurring over the contractual terms, and renewed by customers upon completion of the contractual terms. Cloud services and license support contracts provide customers with access to the latest updates to the applications and infrastructure technologies as they become available and for which the customer contracted and also include related technical support services over the contractual term. Cloud license and on-premise license revenues represent fees earned from granting customers licenses, generally on a perpetual basis, to use our database and middleware and our applications software products within cloud and on-premise IT environments. We generally recognize revenues at the point in time the software is made available to the customer to download and use, which typically is immediate upon signature of the license contract. In each fiscal year, our cloud and license business’ contractual activities are typically highest in our fourth fiscal quarter and the related cash flows are typically highest in the following quarter (i.e., in the first fiscal quarter of the next fiscal year) as we receive payments from these contracts.

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Our hardware business provides infrastructure technologies including Oracle Engineered Systems, servers, storage, industry-specific hardware, operating systems, virtualization, management and other hardware-related software to support diverse IT environments. Our hardware business also offers hardware support, which provides customers with software updates for the software components that are essential to the functionality of their hardware products and can also include product repairs, maintenance services and technical support services that are typically delivered and recognized ratably over the contractual term.

Our services business provides services to customers and partners to help maximize the performance of their investments in Oracle applications and infrastructure technologies.

We do not track our assets for each business. Consequently, it is not practical to show assets by operating segment.

The following table presents summary results for each of our three businesses:

	Three Months Ended November 30,				Six Months Ended November 30,
(in millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Cloud and license:
Revenues	$	10,033	$	8,791	$	19,354	$	16,974
Cloud services and license support expenses		1,747		1,184		3,367		2,337
Sales and marketing expenses		1,934		1,696		3,864		3,322
Margin⁽¹⁾	$	6,352	$	5,911	$	12,123	$	11,315
Hardware:
Revenues	$	850	$	767	$	1,613	$	1,530
Hardware products and support expenses		279		221		522		459
Sales and marketing expenses		83		88		162		177
Margin⁽¹⁾	$	488	$	458	$	929	$	894
Services:
Revenues	$	1,392	$	802	$	2,753	$	1,583
Services expenses		1,111		631		2,118		1,240
Margin⁽¹⁾	$	281	$	171	$	635	$	343
Totals:
Revenues	$	12,275	$	10,360	$	23,720	$	20,087
Expenses		5,154		3,820		10,033		7,535
Margin⁽¹⁾	$	7,121	$	6,540	$	13,687	$	12,552

⁽¹⁾

The margins reported reflect only the direct controllable costs of each line of business and do not include allocations of research and development, general and administrative and certain other allocable expenses, net. Additionally, the margins reported above do not reflect amortization of intangible assets, acquisition related and other expenses, restructuring expenses, stock-based compensation, interest expense or certain other non-operating income or expenses, net. Refer to the table below for a reconciliation of our total margin for operating segments to our income (loss) before income taxes as reported per our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

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The following table reconciles total operating segment margin to income (loss) before income taxes:

	Three Months Ended November 30,						Six Months Ended November 30,
(in millions)	2022			2021			2022			2021
Total margin for operating segments	$	7,121		$	6,540		$	13,687		$	12,552
Research and development		(2,158	)		(1,754	)		(4,251	)		(3,438	)
General and administrative		(366	)		(319	)		(777	)		(618	)
Amortization of intangible assets		(907	)		(299	)		(1,826	)		(603	)
Acquisition related and other		(62	)		(4,667	)		(103	)		(4,687	)
Restructuring		(137	)		(32	)		(281	)		(70	)
Stock-based compensation for operating segments		(304	)		(192	)		(548	)		(344	)
Expense allocations and other, net		(116	)		(101	)		(207	)		(190	)
Interest expense		(856	)		(679	)		(1,643	)		(1,384	)
Non-operating (expenses) income, net		(71	)		7			(251	)		(34	)
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	2,144		$	(1,496	)	$	3,800		$	1,184

Disaggregation of Revenues

We have considered information that is regularly reviewed by our CODMs in evaluating financial performance, and disclosures presented outside of our financial statements in our earnings releases and used in investor presentations to disaggregate revenues to depict how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows are affected by economic factors. The principal category we use to disaggregate revenues is the nature of our products and services as presented in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

The following table is a summary of our total revenues by geographic region:

	Three Months Ended November 30,				Six Months Ended November 30,
(in millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Americas	$	7,786	$	5,736	$	14,978	$	11,056
EMEA⁽¹⁾		2,895		2,953		5,586		5,737
Asia Pacific		1,594		1,671		3,156		3,294
Total revenues	$	12,275	$	10,360	$	23,720	$	20,087

⁽¹⁾	Comprised of Europe, the Middle East and Africa

The following table presents our cloud services and license support revenues by offerings:

	Three Months Ended November 30,				Six Months Ended November 30,
(in millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Cloud services	$	3,813	$	2,667	$	7,392	$	5,128
License support		4,785		4,887		9,623		9,797
Total cloud services and license support revenues	$	8,598	$	7,554	$	17,015	$	14,925

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The following table presents our cloud services and license support revenues by applications and infrastructure ecosystems:

	Three Months Ended November 30,				Six Months Ended November 30,
(in millions)	2022		2021		2022		2021
Applications cloud services and license support	$	4,080	$	3,149	$	8,096	$	6,190
Infrastructure cloud services and license support		4,518		4,405		8,919		8,735
Total cloud services and license support revenues	$	8,598	$	7,554	$	17,015	$	14,925

11.	EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE

Basic earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) for the period by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) for the period by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period, plus the dilutive effect of outstanding restricted stock-based awards, stock options, and shares issuable under the employee stock purchase plan as applicable pursuant to the treasury stock method should Oracle have net income for the particular reporting period. The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share:

	Three Months Ended November 30,					Six Months Ended November 30,
(in millions, except per share data)	2022		2021			2022		2021
Net income (loss)	$	1,741	$	(1,247	)	$	3,289	$	1,209
Weighted average common shares outstanding		2,695		2,694			2,690		2,731
Dilutive effect of employee stock plans		51		—			57		92
Dilutive weighted average common shares outstanding		2,746		2,694			2,747		2,823
Basic earnings (loss) per share	$	0.65	$	(0.46	)	$	1.22	$	0.44
Diluted earnings (loss) per share	$	0.63	$	(0.46	)	$	1.20	$	0.43
Shares subject to anti-dilutive restricted stock-based awards and stock options excluded from calculation⁽¹⁾		64		121			68		31

⁽¹⁾	These weighted shares relate to anti-dilutive restricted service based stock-based awards as calculated using the treasury stock method and contingently issuable shares pursuant to Performance Stock Options arrangements. Such shares could be dilutive in the future.

12.	LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

Derivative Litigation Concerning Oracle’s NetSuite Acquisition

On May 3 and July 18, 2017, two alleged stockholders filed separate derivative lawsuits in the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware, purportedly on Oracle’s behalf. Thereafter, the court consolidated the two derivative cases and designated the July 18, 2017 complaint as the operative complaint. The consolidated lawsuit was brought against all the then-current members and one former member of our Board of Directors, and Oracle as a nominal defendant. Plaintiff alleged that the defendants breached their fiduciary duties by causing Oracle to agree to purchase NetSuite Inc. (NetSuite) at an excessive price. The complaint sought (and the operative complaint continues to seek) declaratory relief, unspecified monetary damages (including interest), and attorneys’ fees and costs. The defendants filed a motion to dismiss, which the court denied on March 19, 2018.

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On May 4, 2018, our Board of Directors established a Special Litigation Committee (SLC) to investigate the allegations in this derivative action. Three non-employee directors served on the SLC. On August 15, 2019, the SLC filed a letter with the court, stating that the SLC believed that plaintiff should be allowed to proceed with the derivative litigation on behalf of Oracle. After the SLC advised the Board that it had fulfilled its duties and obligations, the Board withdrew the SLC’s authority, except that the SLC maintained certain authority to respond to discovery requests in the litigation.

After plaintiff filed the July 18, 2017 complaint, an additional plaintiff joined the case. Plaintiffs filed several amended complaints, and filed their most recent amended complaint on December 11, 2020. The operative complaint asserts claims for breach of fiduciary duty against our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Technology Officer, the estate of Mark Hurd (our former Chief Executive Officer who passed away on October 18, 2019), and two other members of our Board of Directors. Oracle is named as a nominal defendant. On December 11, 2020, the estate of Mark Hurd and the two other members of our Board of Directors moved to dismiss this complaint, and a hearing on this motion was held on February 16, 2021. On June 21, 2021, the court granted this motion as to the estate of Mark Hurd and one Board member and denied the motion as to the other Board member, who filed an answer to the complaint on August 9, 2021. On December 28, 2020, our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Technology Officer, and Oracle as a nominal defendant filed answers to the operative complaint.

On December 23, 2021, the Board member defendant brought a motion for summary judgment, and on May 20, 2022, the court granted this motion in part and denied this motion in part. This Board member remains a defendant in this case. Trial commenced on July 18, 2022, and has concluded. On November 18, 2022, the court held a final hearing on the parties’ post-trial briefing. The court has not yet issued a decision.

While Oracle continues to evaluate these claims, we do not believe this litigation will have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

Securities Class Action and Derivative Litigation Concerning Oracle’s Cloud Business

On August 10, 2018, a putative class action, brought by an alleged stockholder of Oracle, was filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California against us, our Chief Technology Officer, our then-two Chief Executive Officers, two other Oracle executives, and one former Oracle executive. As noted above, Mr. Hurd, one of our then-two Chief Executive Officers, passed away on October 18, 2019. On March 8, 2019, plaintiff filed an amended complaint. Plaintiff alleges that the defendants made or are responsible for false and misleading statements regarding Oracle’s cloud business. Plaintiff further alleges that the former Oracle executive engaged in insider trading. Plaintiff seeks a ruling that this case may proceed as a class action, and seeks damages, attorneys’ fees and costs, and unspecified declaratory/injunctive relief. On April 19, 2019, defendants moved to dismiss plaintiff’s amended complaint. On December 17, 2019, the court granted this motion, giving plaintiffs an opportunity to file an amended complaint, which plaintiff filed on February 17, 2020. On April 23, 2020, defendants filed a motion to dismiss, and the court held a hearing on this motion on September 24, 2020. On March 22, 2021, the court granted in part and denied in part this motion. The court dismissed the action as to one Oracle executive and the former Oracle executive. The court permitted plaintiff to proceed with only a narrow omissions theory against the remaining defendants. On April 21, 2021, defendants filed an answer to the complaint. On October 8, 2021, plaintiffs filed a motion for class certification, which the court granted on May 9, 2022. On May 23, 2022, defendants filed a petition in the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals for permission to appeal the court’s order granting class certification, and plaintiffs filed an opposition on June 2, 2022. On June 3, 2022, the District Court “So Ordered” a stipulation by the parties, which vacated all dates in this case because the parties had reached an agreement to settle this action, subject to the court’s approval. On June 8, 2022, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals granted defendants’ unopposed motion to stay the petition for permission to appeal in light of the proposed settlement. On September 15, 2022, the District Court granted plaintiffs’ motion for preliminary

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(Unaudited)

approval of the proposed settlement, under which the Company will pay $17,500,000 to settle this matter. This sum includes all fees and costs. A final approval hearing is scheduled for January 12, 2023.

On February 12 and May 8, 2019, two stockholder derivative lawsuits were filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California. The cases were consolidated, and on July 8, 2019, a single plaintiff filed a consolidated complaint. The consolidated complaint brought various claims relating to the 10b-5 class action described immediately above. The parties agreed to stay the derivative case pending resolution of defendants’ motion to dismiss the securities case, which the court granted in part and denied in part on March 22, 2021.

Plaintiff filed an amended complaint on June 4, 2021. The derivative suit is brought by an alleged stockholder of Oracle, purportedly on Oracle’s behalf, against our Chief Technology Officer, our Chief Executive Officer, and the estate of Mark Hurd. Plaintiff claims that the alleged actions described in the class action discussed above caused harm to Oracle, and that defendants violated their fiduciary duties of candor, good faith, loyalty, and due care by failing to prevent this alleged harm. Plaintiff also brings derivative claims for violations of federal securities laws. Plaintiffs seek a ruling that this case may proceed as a derivative action, a finding that defendants are liable for breaching their fiduciary duties, damages, an order directing defendants to enact corporate reforms, attorneys’ fees and costs, and unspecified relief. On June 14, 2021, the court “so ordered” a stipulation from the parties, staying this case pending resolution of the 10b-5 action. While the parties were scheduled to participate in a mediation on October 14, 2022, that mediation was canceled. On October 28, 2022, the District Court “So Ordered” a stipulation extending the stay in this case until November 30, 2022, and on December 7, 2022, the court signed a second stipulation, extending the stay until January 31, 2023.

While Oracle continues to evaluate these claims, we do not believe these matters will have a material impact on our financial position or results of operations.

Other Litigation

We are party to various other legal proceedings and claims, either asserted or unasserted, which arise in the ordinary course of business, including proceedings and claims that relate to acquisitions we have completed or to companies we have acquired or are attempting to acquire. While the outcome of these matters cannot be predicted with certainty, we do not believe that the outcome of any of these matters, individually or in the aggregate, will result in losses that are materially in excess of amounts already recognized, if any.

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Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

We begin Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations with an overview of our businesses and significant trends. This overview is followed by a summary of our critical accounting policies and estimates that we believe are important to understanding the assumptions and judgments incorporated in our reported financial results. We then provide a more detailed analysis of our results of operations and financial condition.

Business Overview

Oracle provides products and services that address enterprise information technology (IT) environments. Our products and services include enterprise applications and infrastructure offerings that are delivered worldwide through a variety of flexible and interoperable IT deployment models. These models include on-premise deployments, cloud-based deployments, and hybrid deployments (an approach that combines both on-premise and cloud-based deployments). Accordingly, we offer choice and flexibility to our customers and facilitate the product, service and deployment combinations that best suit our customers’ needs. Through our worldwide sales force and Oracle Partner Network, we sell to customers all over the world including businesses of many sizes, government agencies, educational institutions and resellers.

We have three businesses: cloud and license; hardware; and services; each of which comprises a single operating segment. The descriptions set forth below as a part of this Item 2 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the information contained within Note 10 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report provide additional information related to our businesses and operating segments and align to how our chief operating decision makers (CODMs), which include our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Technology Officer, view our operating results and allocate resources.

Cloud and License Business

Our cloud and license business, which represented 83% of our total revenues on a trailing 4-quarter basis, markets, sells and delivers a broad spectrum of enterprise applications and infrastructure technologies through our cloud and license offerings. Revenue streams included in our cloud and license business are:

•

Cloud services and license support revenues, which include:

license support revenues, which are earned by providing Oracle license support services to customers that have elected to purchase support services in connection with the purchase of Oracle applications and infrastructure software licenses for use in cloud, on-premise and other IT environments. Substantially all license support customers renew their support contracts with us upon expiration in order to continue to benefit from technical support services and the periodic issuance of unspecified updates and enhancements, which current license support customers are entitled to receive. License support contracts are generally priced as a percentage of the net fees paid by the customer to purchase a cloud license and/or on-premise license; are generally billed in advance of the support services being performed; are generally renewed at the customer’s option; and are generally recognized as revenues ratably over the contractual period that the support services are provided, which is generally one year; and

cloud services revenues, which provide customers access to Oracle Cloud applications and infrastructure technologies via cloud-based deployment models that Oracle develops, provides unspecified updates and enhancements for, deploys, hosts, manages and supports and that customers access by entering into a subscription agreement with us for a stated period. Oracle Cloud Services arrangements are generally billed in advance of the cloud services being performed; generally have durations of one to three years; are generally renewed at the customer’s option; and are generally recognized as revenues ratably over the contractual period of the cloud contract or, in the case of usage model contracts, as the cloud services are consumed over time.

•

Cloud license and on-premise license revenues, which include revenues from the licensing of our software products including Oracle Applications, Oracle Database, Oracle Middleware and Java, among others,

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which our customers deploy within cloud-based, on-premise and other IT environments. Our cloud license and on-premise license transactions are generally perpetual in nature and are generally recognized as revenues up front at the point in time when the software is made available to the customer to download and use. Revenues from usage-based royalty arrangements for distinct cloud licenses and on-premise licenses are recognized at the point in time when the software end user usage occurs. The timing of a few large license transactions can substantially affect our quarterly license revenues due to the point-in-time nature of revenue recognition for license transactions, which is different than the typical revenue recognition pattern for our cloud services and license support revenues in which revenues are generally recognized ratably over the contractual terms. Cloud license and on-premise license customers have the option to purchase and renew license support contracts, as further described above.

Providing choice and flexibility to our customers as to when and how they deploy Oracle applications and infrastructure technologies are important elements of our corporate strategy. In recent periods, customer demand for our applications and infrastructure technologies delivered through our Oracle Cloud Services has increased. To address customer demand and enable customer choice, we have introduced certain programs for customers to pivot their applications and infrastructure licenses and the related license support to the Oracle Cloud for new deployments and to migrate to and expand with the Oracle Cloud for their existing workloads. The proportion of our cloud services revenues relative to our total revenues has increased and we expect this trend to continue. Cloud services revenues represented 31% of our total revenues for each of the three and six months ended November 30, 2022, respectively, and 26% of our total revenues for each of the three and six months ended November 30, 2021, respectively.

Our cloud and license business’ revenue growth is affected by many factors, including the strength of general economic and business conditions; governmental budgetary constraints; the strategy for and competitive position of our offerings; customer satisfaction with our offerings; the continued renewal of our cloud services and license support customer contracts by the customer contract base; substantially all customers continuing to purchase license support contracts in connection with their license purchases; the pricing of license support contracts sold in connection with the sales of licenses; the pricing, amounts and volumes of licenses and cloud services sold; our ability to manage Oracle Cloud capacity requirements to meet existing and prospective customer demand; and foreign currency rate fluctuations.

On a constant currency basis, we expect that our total cloud and license revenues generally will continue to increase due to:

•

expected growth in our cloud services and license support offerings; and

•

continued demand for our cloud license and on-premise license offerings.

We believe these factors should contribute to future growth in our cloud and license business’ total revenues, which should enable us to continue to make investments in research and development and our cloud operations to develop, improve, increase the capacity of and expand the geographic footprint of our cloud and license products and services.

Our cloud and license business’ margin has historically trended upward over the course of the four quarters within a particular fiscal year due to the historical upward trend of our cloud and license business’ revenues over those quarterly periods and because the majority of our costs for this business are generally fixed in the short term. The historical upward trend of our cloud and license business’ revenues over the course of the four quarters within a particular fiscal year is primarily due to the addition of new cloud services and license support contracts to the customer contract base that we generally recognize as revenues ratably or based upon customer usage over the respective contractual terms and the renewal of existing customers’ cloud services and license support contracts over the course of each fiscal year that we generally recognize as revenues in a similar manner; and the historical upward trend of our cloud license and on-premise license revenues, which we generally recognize at a point in time upon delivery; in each case over those four fiscal quarterly periods.

Hardware Business

Our hardware business, which represented 7% of our total revenues on a trailing 4-quarter basis, provides a broad selection of enterprise hardware products and hardware-related software products including Oracle Engineered

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Systems, servers, storage, industry-specific hardware offerings, operating systems, virtualization, management and other hardware-related software, and related hardware support. Each hardware product and its related software, such as an operating system or firmware, are highly interdependent and interrelated and are accounted for as a combined performance obligation. The revenues for this combined performance obligation are generally recognized at the point in time that the hardware product and its related software are delivered to the customer and ownership is transferred to the customer. We expect to make investments in research and development to improve existing hardware products and services and to develop new hardware products and services. The majority of our hardware products are sold through indirect channels, including independent distributors and value-added resellers. Our hardware support offerings provide customers with unspecified software updates for software components that are essential to the functionality of our hardware products and associated software products. Our hardware support offerings can also include product repairs, maintenance services and technical support services. Hardware support contracts are entered into and renewed at the option of the customer, are generally priced as a percentage of the net hardware products fees and are generally recognized as revenues ratably as the hardware support services are delivered over the contractual terms.

We generally expect our hardware business to have lower operating margins as a percentage of revenues than our cloud and license business due to the incremental costs we incur to produce and distribute these products and to provide support services, including direct materials and labor costs.

Our quarterly hardware revenues are difficult to predict. Our hardware revenues, cost of hardware and hardware operating margins that we report are affected by many factors, including our manufacturing partners’ abilities to timely manufacture or deliver a few large hardware transactions, with this factor becoming more pronounced in recent periods due to global supply chain constraints for certain technology components; our strategy for and the position of our hardware products relative to competitor offerings; customer demand for competing offerings, including cloud infrastructure offerings; the strength of general economic and business conditions; governmental budgetary constraints; whether customers decide to purchase hardware support contracts at or in close proximity to the time of hardware product sale; the percentage of our hardware support contract customer base that renews its support contracts and the close association between hardware products, which have a finite life, and customer demand for related hardware support as hardware products age; customer decisions to either maintain or upgrade their existing hardware infrastructure to newly developed technologies that are available; and foreign currency rate fluctuations.

Services Business

Our services business, which represented 10% of our total revenues on a trailing 4-quarter basis, helps customers and partners maximize the performance of their investments in Oracle applications and infrastructure technologies. We believe that our services are differentiated based on our focus on Oracle technologies, extensive experience, broad sets of intellectual property and best practices. Our services offerings include consulting services and advanced customer services. Our services business has lower margins than our cloud and license and hardware businesses. Our services revenues are affected by many factors including our strategy for, and the competitive position of, our services; customer demand for our cloud and license and hardware offerings and the related services that we may market and sell in connection with these offerings; general economic conditions; governmental budgetary constraints; personnel reductions in our customers’ IT departments; tighter controls over customer discretionary spending; and foreign currency rate fluctuations.

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Acquisitions

Our selective and active acquisition program is another important element of our corporate strategy. Historically, we have invested billions of dollars to acquire a number of complementary companies, products, services and technologies. As compelling opportunities become available, we may acquire companies, products, services and technologies in furtherance of our corporate strategy. We have acquired certain companies and technologies during the first half of fiscal 2023 and full year fiscal 2022, including Cerner. Refer to Note 2 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for additional information related to our acquisition of Cerner and our other recent acquisitions.

We believe that we can fund our future acquisitions with our internally available cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities balances, cash generated from operations, additional borrowings or from the issuance of additional securities. We estimate the financial impact of any potential acquisition with regard to earnings, operating margin, cash flows and return on invested capital targets, among others, before deciding to move forward with an acquisition.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) as set forth in the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s Accounting Standards Codification (ASC), and we consider various staff accounting bulletins and other applicable guidance issued by the SEC. GAAP, as set forth within the ASC, requires us to make certain estimates, judgments and assumptions. We believe that the estimates, judgments and assumptions upon which we rely are reasonable based upon information available to us at the time that these estimates, judgments and assumptions are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements as well as the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the periods presented. To the extent that there are differences between these estimates, judgments or assumptions and actual results, our financial statements will be affected. The accounting policies that reflect our more significant estimates, judgments and assumptions and which we believe are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating our reported financial results include:

•

Revenue Recognition;

•

Business Combinations;

•

Goodwill and Intangible Assets—Impairment Assessments;

•

Accounting for Income Taxes; and

•

Legal and Other Contingencies.

During the first quarter of fiscal 2023, we completed an assessment of the useful lives of our servers and increased the estimated useful lives from four years to five years, effective at the beginning of fiscal 2023. Refer to Note 1 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for more information. There were no other significant changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in Part II, Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended May 31, 2022 provides a more complete discussion of our critical accounting policies and estimates.

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Results of Operations

Impact of Acquisitions

The comparability of our operating results in the second quarter and first half of fiscal 2023 compared to the same periods of fiscal 2022 was impacted by our recent acquisitions, including Cerner. In our discussion of changes in our results of operations from the second quarter and first half of fiscal 2023 compared to the same periods of fiscal 2022, we may qualitatively disclose the impact of our acquired products and services for the one-year period subsequent to the acquisition date to the growth in certain of our operating segments’ revenues where such qualitative discussions would be meaningful for an understanding of the factors that influenced the changes in our results of operations. When material, we may also provide quantitative disclosures related to such acquired products and services. Expense contributions from our recent acquisitions for each of the respective period comparisons generally were not separately identifiable due to the integration of these businesses and operating segments into our existing operations, and/or were insignificant to our results of operations during the periods presented.

Presentation of Operating Segment Results and Other Financial Information

In our results of operations discussion below, we provide an overview of our total consolidated revenues, total consolidated operating expenses and total consolidated operating margin, all of which are presented on a GAAP basis. We also present a GAAP-based discussion below for substantially all of the other expense items as presented in our condensed consolidated statements of operations that are not directly attributable to our three businesses.

In addition, we discuss below the results of each of our three businesses—cloud and license, hardware and services—which are our operating segments as defined pursuant to ASC 280, Segment Reporting. The financial reporting for our three businesses that is presented below is presented in a manner that is consistent with that used by our CODMs. Our operating segment presentation below reflects revenues, direct costs and sales and marketing expenses that correspond to and are directly attributable to each of our three businesses. We also utilize these inputs to calculate and present a segment margin for each of our three businesses in the discussion below.

Consistent with our internal management reporting processes, research and development expenses, general and administrative expenses, stock-based compensation expenses, amortization of intangible assets, certain other expense allocations, acquisition related and other expenses, restructuring expenses, interest expense, non-operating income or expenses, net and (provision for) benefit from income taxes are not attributed to our three operating segments because our management does not view the performance of our three businesses including such items and/or it is impracticable to do so. Refer to “Supplemental Disclosure Related to Certain Charges” below for additional discussion of certain of these items and Note 10 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for a reconciliation of the summations of total segment margin as presented in the discussion below to total income (loss) before income taxes as presented per our condensed consolidated statements of operations for all periods presented.

We experienced COVID-19 related impacts to our businesses during each of the fiscal 2023 and 2022 periods presented. Certain of these historical impacts to our operating results are further discussed below. Any future impacts are currently unknown.

Separately, as described in Note 16 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2022, we remitted and recorded $4.7 billion for certain litigation related items during the fiscal 2022 periods presented.

Constant Currency Presentation

Our international operations have provided and are expected to continue to provide a significant portion of each of our businesses’ revenues and expenses. As a result, each of our businesses’ revenues and expenses and our total revenues and expenses will continue to be affected by changes in the U.S. Dollar against major international currencies. In order to provide a framework for assessing how our underlying businesses performed, excluding the effects of foreign currency rate fluctuations, we compare the percent change in the results from one period to another period in this Quarterly Report using constant currency disclosure. To present this information, current

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and comparative prior period results for entities reporting in currencies other than U.S. Dollars are converted into U.S. Dollars at constant exchange rates (i.e., the rates in effect on May 31, 2022, which was the last day of our prior fiscal year) rather than the actual exchange rates in effect during the respective periods. For example, if an entity reporting in Euros had revenues of 1.0 million Euros from products sold on November 30, 2022 and 2021, our financial statements would reflect reported revenues of $1.04 million in the first half of fiscal 2023 (using 1.04 as the month-end average exchange rate for the period) and $1.12 million in the first half of fiscal 2022 (using 1.12 as the month-end average exchange rate for the period). The constant currency presentation, however, would translate the results for each of the first half of fiscal 2023 and 2022 using the May 31, 2022 exchange rate and indicate, in this example, no change in revenues during the period. In each of the tables below, we present the percent change based on actual, unrounded results in reported currency and in constant currency.

Total Revenues and Operating Expenses

	Three Months Ended November 30,							Six Months Ended November 30,
			Percent Change							Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)	2022		Actual	Constant	2021			2022		Actual	Constant	2021
Total Revenues by Geography:
Americas	$	7,786	36%	36%	$	5,736		$	14,978	35%	36%	$	11,056
EMEA⁽¹⁾		2,895	-2%	9%		2,953			5,586	-3%	9%		5,737
Asia Pacific		1,594	-5%	10%		1,671			3,156	-4%	8%		3,294
Total revenues		12,275	18%	25%		10,360			23,720	18%	24%		20,087
Total Operating Expenses		9,204	-18%	-15%		11,184			18,026	3%	6%		17,485
Total Operating Margin (Loss)	$	3,071	*	*	$	(824	)	$	5,694	119%	159%	$	2,602
Total Operating Margin %	25%				-8%			24%				13%
% Revenues by Geography:
Americas	63%				55%			63%				55%
EMEA	24%				29%			24%				29%
Asia Pacific	13%				16%			13%				16%
Total Revenues by Business:
Cloud and license	$	10,033	14%	20%	$	8,791		$	19,354	14%	20%	$	16,974
Hardware		850	11%	16%		767			1,613	5%	11%		1,530
Services		1,392	74%	83%		802			2,753	74%	83%		1,583
Total revenues	$	12,275	18%	25%	$	10,360		$	23,720	18%	24%	$	20,087
% Revenues by Business:
Cloud and license	82%				85%			82%				84%
Hardware	7%				7%			7%				8%
Services	11%				8%			11%				8%

⁽¹⁾	Comprised of Europe, the Middle East and Africa

*	Not meaningful

Excluding the effects of foreign currency rate fluctuations, our total revenues increased across all of our three businesses during the fiscal 2023 periods presented, relative to the corresponding prior year periods, primarily due to revenue contributions from our acquisition of Cerner. Excluding the impact of our acquisition of Cerner, the constant currency revenues increase during the fiscal 2023 periods presented relative to the corresponding prior year periods in our cloud and license business was attributable to growth in our cloud services and license support revenues and growth in our cloud license and on-premise license revenues as customers purchased our applications and infrastructure technologies via cloud and license deployment models and also renewed their related cloud contracts and license support contracts to continue to gain access to the latest versions of our technologies and to receive support services. In our hardware business, the increase was primarily due to growth in our Oracle Exadata and certain other strategic hardware offerings and growth in certain of our nonstrategic hardware offerings. In our services business, the increase was attributable to an increase in revenues for each of our primary services offerings. In reported currency, Cerner contributed $1.5 billion and $3.0 billion to our total revenues during the second quarter and first half of fiscal 2023, respectively. In constant currency, the Americas region contributed 84% and 85%, and the Asia Pacific region contributed 6% and 5% of the constant currency total

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revenue growth during the second quarter and first half of fiscal 2023, respectively, and the EMEA region contributed 10% of the constant currency total revenue growth during each of the fiscal 2023 periods presented.

Excluding the effects of foreign currency rate fluctuations, our total operating expenses decreased during the second quarter of fiscal 2023, relative to the corresponding prior year period, primarily due to the absence of the unfavorable impact of certain litigation related charges recorded to acquisition related and other expenses during the second quarter of fiscal 2022. These constant currency expense decreases were partially offset by additional operating expenses as a result of our acquisition of Cerner, including higher intangible assets amortization; higher cloud services and license support expenses, which were primarily due to higher employee related expenses due to higher headcount and infrastructure investments that were made to support the increase in our cloud and license business’ revenues; higher hardware expenses, which were primarily due to higher hardware product cost; higher restructuring expenses; and higher expenses across other operating expense categories primarily due to higher employee related expenses. In addition, during the second quarter of fiscal 2022, we recorded a $125 million gain from an operating asset sale, which was allocated as a benefit to most of our operating expense lines as presented per our condensed consolidated statement of operations which reduced our total operating expenses during the same period.

Excluding the effects of foreign currency rate fluctuations, our total operating expenses increased during the first half of fiscal 2023, relative to the corresponding prior year period, due to similar reasons as noted above for the fiscal 2023 quarterly increases. These constant currency expense increases were partially offset by certain litigation related charges as described above. Furthermore, during the first half of fiscal 2022, we recorded $250 million gains on operating asset sales, which was allocated as a benefit to most of our operating expense lines as presented per our condensed consolidated statement of operations which reduced our total operating expenses during the same period.

During each of the fiscal 2023 and 2022 periods presented, we curtailed certain variable expenditures including employee travel expenses, among others, primarily in response to COVID-19. We expect certain of these expenses may normalize in future periods provided global economic and health conditions improve.

In constant currency, our total operating margin and total operating margin as a percentage of revenues increased during the fiscal 2023 periods presented, relative to the corresponding prior year periods, primarily due to certain litigation related charges which increased our constant currency operating expenses during the fiscal 2022 periods presented.

Supplemental Disclosure Related to Certain Charges

To supplement our condensed consolidated financial information, we believe that the following information is helpful to an overall understanding of our past financial performance and prospects for the future.

Our operating results reported pursuant to GAAP included the following business combination accounting adjustments and expenses related to acquisitions and certain other expense and income items that affected our GAAP net income (loss):

	Three Months Ended November 30,						Six Months Ended November 30,
(in millions)	2022			2021			2022			2021
Amortization of intangible assets⁽¹⁾	$	907		$	299		$	1,826		$	603
Acquisition related and other⁽²⁾		62			4,667			103			4,687
Restructuring⁽³⁾		137			32			281			70
Stock-based compensation, operating segments⁽⁴⁾		304			192			548			344
Stock-based compensation, R&D and G&A⁽⁴⁾		605			489			1,111			882
Income tax effects⁽⁵⁾		(444	)		(1,052	)		(1,018	)		(1,473	)
	$	1,571		$	4,627		$	2,851		$	5,113

⁽¹⁾	Represents the amortization of intangible assets, substantially all of which were acquired in connection with our acquisitions. As of November 30, 2022, estimated future amortization related to intangible assets was as follows (in millions):

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Remainder of fiscal 2023	$	1,755
Fiscal 2024		2,995
Fiscal 2025		2,283
Fiscal 2026		1,620
Fiscal 2027		664
Fiscal 2028		635
Thereafter		1,641
Total intangible assets, net	$	11,593

⁽²⁾

For all periods presented, acquisition related and other expenses primarily consist of personnel related costs for transitional and certain other employees, certain business combination adjustments including certain adjustments after the measurement period has ended and certain other operating items, net. During the fiscal 2022 periods presented, acquisition related and other expenses also included certain litigation related charges. We consider the litigation related charges that are included in this line item to be outside our ordinary course of business based on the following considerations: (i) the unprecedented nature of the litigation related charges including the nature and size of the damages awarded; (ii) the dissimilarity of this litigation and related charges to recurring litigation of which we are a party in our normal business course for which any and all such charges are included in our GAAP operating results and are not separately quantified and disclosed within this line item or any other line in the table presented above; (iii) the complexity of the case; (iv) the counterparty involved; and (v) our expectation that litigation related charges of this nature will not recur in future periods; amongst other factors.

⁽³⁾

Restructuring expenses during each of the fiscal 2023 and 2022 periods presented primarily related to employee severance in connection with our Fiscal 2022 Oracle Restructuring Plan (2022 Restructuring Plan). Additional information regarding certain of our restructuring plans is provided in management’s discussion below under “Restructuring Expenses,” in Note 6 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and in Note 8 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2022.

⁽⁴⁾	Stock-based compensation was included in the following operating expense line items of our condensed consolidated statements of operations (in millions):

	Three Months Ended November 30,				Six Months Ended November 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Cloud services and license support	$	113	$	50	$	204	$	90
Hardware		5		4		9		7
Services		35		18		60		32
Sales and marketing		151		120		275		215
Stock-based compensation, operating segments		304		192		548		344
Research and development		510		423		932		767
General and administrative		95		66		179		115
Total stock-based compensation	$	909	$	681	$	1,659	$	1,226

⁽⁵⁾

For the second quarter and first half of fiscal 2023, the applicable jurisdictional tax rates applied to our income before income taxes after excluding the tax effects of items within the table above such as for stock-based compensation, amortization of intangible assets, restructuring, and certain acquisition related and other items, and after excluding the net deferred tax effects associated with a previously recorded income tax benefit that resulted from a partial realignment of our legal entity structure, resulted in effective tax rates of 20.4% and 19.9%, respectively, instead of 18.8% and 13.4%, respectively, which represented our effective tax rates as derived per our condensed consolidated statements of operations. For the second quarter and first half of fiscal 2022, the applicable jurisdictional tax rates applied to our (loss) income before benefit from (provision for) income taxes after excluding the tax effects of items within the table above such as for stock-based compensation, amortization of intangible assets, restructuring, and certain acquisition related and other items, and after excluding the net deferred tax effects associated with a previously recorded income tax benefit that resulted from a partial realignment of our legal entity structure, resulted in effective tax rates of 19.2% and 18.6%, respectively, instead of (16.6%) and (2.1%), respectively, which represented our effective tax benefit rates as derived per our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

Cloud and License Business

Our cloud and license business engages in the sale and marketing of our applications and infrastructure technologies that are delivered through various deployment models and include: Oracle license support offerings; Oracle Cloud Services offerings; and Oracle cloud license and on-premise license offerings. License support revenues are typically generated through the sale of applications and infrastructure license support contracts related to cloud licenses and on-premise licenses; are purchased by our customers at their option; and are generally recognized as revenues ratably over the contractual term, which is generally one year. Our cloud services deliver applications and infrastructure technologies on a subscription basis via cloud-based deployment models that we develop, provide unspecified updates and enhancements for, deploy, host, manage and support. Revenues for our cloud services are generally recognized over the contractual term, which is generally one to three years, or in the case of usage model contracts, as the cloud services are consumed. Cloud license and on-premise license

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revenues represent fees earned from granting customers licenses, generally on a perpetual basis, to use our database and middleware and our applications software products within cloud and on-premise IT environments and are generally recognized up front at the point in time when the software is made available to the customer to download and use. We continue to place significant emphasis, both domestically and internationally, on direct sales through our own sales force. We also continue to market certain of our offerings through indirect channels. Costs associated with our cloud and license business are included in cloud services and license support expenses, and sales and marketing expenses. These costs are largely personnel and infrastructure related including the cost of providing our cloud services and license support offerings, salaries and commissions earned by our sales force for the sale of our cloud and license offerings, and marketing program costs.

	Three Months Ended November 30,						Six Months Ended November 30,
			Percent Change						Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)	2022		Actual	Constant	2021		2022		Actual	Constant	2021
Cloud and License Revenues:
Americas	$	6,407	28%	29%	$	4,994	$	12,294	28%	29%	$	9,575
EMEA		2,350	-4%	7%		2,458		4,534	-5%	7%		4,755
Asia Pacific		1,276	-5%	10%		1,339		2,526	-4%	8%		2,644
Total revenues		10,033	14%	20%		8,791		19,354	14%	20%		16,974
Expenses:
Cloud services and license support⁽¹⁾		1,747	47%	53%		1,184		3,367	44%	49%		2,337
Sales and marketing⁽¹⁾		1,934	14%	19%		1,696		3,864	16%	22%		3,322
Total expenses⁽¹⁾		3,681	28%	33%		2,880		7,231	28%	33%		5,659
Total Margin	$	6,352	8%	14%	$	5,911	$	12,123	7%	13%	$	11,315
Total Margin %	63%				67%		63%				67%
% Revenues by Geography:
Americas	64%				57%		64%				56%
EMEA	23%				28%		23%				28%
Asia Pacific	13%				15%		13%				16%
Revenues by Offerings:
Cloud services	$	3,813	43%	48%	$	2,667	$	7,392	44%	49%	$	5,128
License support		4,785	-2%	4%		4,887		9,623	-2%	4%		9,797
Cloud license and on-premise license		1,435	16%	23%		1,237		2,339	14%	21%		2,049
Total revenues	$	10,033	14%	20%	$	8,791	$	19,354	14%	20%	$	16,974
Cloud Services and License Support Revenues by Ecosystem:
Applications cloud services and license support	$	4,080	30%	35%	$	3,149	$	8,096	31%	36%	$	6,190
Infrastructure cloud services and license support		4,518	3%	9%		4,405		8,919	2%	8%		8,735
Total cloud services and license support revenues	$	8,598	14%	20%	$	7,554	$	17,015	14%	20%	$	14,925

⁽¹⁾

Excludes stock-based compensation and certain expense allocations. Also excludes amortization of intangible assets and certain other GAAP-based expenses, which were not allocated to our operating segment results for purposes of reporting to and review by our CODMs, as further described under “Presentation of Operating Segment Results and Other Financial Information” above.

Excluding the effects of foreign currency rate fluctuations, our cloud and license business’ total revenues increased in the fiscal 2023 periods presented, relative to the corresponding prior year periods, due to growth in our cloud services and license support revenues and growth in our cloud license and on-premise license revenues as customers purchased our applications and infrastructure technologies via cloud and license deployment models and renewed their related cloud contracts and license support contracts to continue to gain access to the latest versions of our technologies and to receive support for which we delivered such cloud and support services during the periods presented; and revenue contributions from our Cerner acquisition. In reported currency, Cerner contributed $942 million and $1.8 billion to our cloud and license business’ revenues during the second quarter and first half of fiscal 2023, respectively. In constant currency, the Americas region contributed 84% and 85%, and the Asia Pacific region contributed 7% and 6% of the constant currency revenue growth for this business during the

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second quarter and first half of fiscal 2023, respectively, and the EMEA region contributed 9% of the constant currency revenue growth for this business during each of the fiscal 2023 periods presented.

In constant currency, our total cloud and license business’ expenses increased in the fiscal 2023 periods presented, relative to the corresponding prior year periods, primarily due to higher employee related expenses due to higher headcount; higher technology infrastructure expenses to support the increase in our cloud and license business’ revenues; additional operating expenses due to our Cerner acquisition; and an allocation of gains in the fiscal 2022 periods presented from fiscal 2022 operating asset sales as described above. Our cloud services and license support expenses have grown in recent periods, and we expect this growth to continue during fiscal 2023 as we increase our existing data center capacity and establish data centers in new geographic locations in order to meet current and expected customer demand.

Excluding the effects of currency rate fluctuations, our cloud and license business’ total margin increased during the fiscal 2023 periods presented, relative to the corresponding prior year periods, due to increases in total revenues for this business. Total margin as a percentage of revenues for this business decreased during the fiscal 2023 periods presented, relative to the corresponding prior year periods, due to expenses growth.

Hardware Business

Our hardware business’ revenues are generated from the sales of our Oracle Engineered Systems, server, storage, and industry-specific hardware offerings. The hardware product and related software, such as an operating system or firmware, are highly interdependent and interrelated and are accounted for as a combined performance obligation. The revenues for this combined performance obligation are generally recognized at the point in time that the hardware product is delivered to the customer and ownership is transferred to the customer. Our hardware business also earns revenues from the sale of hardware support contracts purchased by our customers at their option and that are generally recognized as revenues ratably as the hardware support services are delivered over the contractual term, which is generally one year. The majority of our hardware products are sold through indirect channels such as independent distributors and value-added resellers and we also market and sell our hardware products through our direct sales force. Operating expenses associated with our hardware business include the cost of hardware products, which consists of expenses for materials and labor used to produce these products by our internal manufacturing operations or by third-party manufacturers, warranty and related expenses and the impact of periodic changes in inventory valuation, including the impact of inventory determined to be excess and obsolete; the cost of materials used to repair customer products with eligible support contracts; the cost of labor and infrastructure to provide support services; and sales and marketing expenses, which are largely personnel related and include variable compensation earned by our sales force for the sales of our hardware offerings.

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	Three Months Ended November 30,						Six Months Ended November 30,
			Percent Change						Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)	2022		Actual	Constant	2021		2022		Actual	Constant	2021
Hardware Revenues:
Americas	$	447	21%	22%	$	368	$	854	15%	16%	$	740
EMEA		243	7%	15%		228		453	-2%	7%		460
Asia Pacific		160	-6%	6%		171		306	-7%	4%		330
Total revenues		850	11%	16%		767		1,613	5%	11%		1,530
Expenses:
Hardware products and support⁽¹⁾		279	26%	32%		221		522	14%	19%		459
Sales and marketing⁽¹⁾		83	-5%	0%		88		162	-8%	-3%		177
Total expenses⁽¹⁾		362	17%	23%		309		684	7%	13%		636
Total Margin	$	488	7%	12%	$	458	$	929	4%	10%	$	894
Total Margin %	57%				60%		58%				58%
% Revenues by Geography:
Americas	53%				48%		53%				48%
EMEA	28%				30%		28%				30%
Asia Pacific	19%				22%		19%				22%

⁽¹⁾

Our constant currency hardware revenues increased in the fiscal 2023 periods presented, relative to the corresponding prior year periods, primarily due to growth in our Oracle Exadata and certain other strategic hardware offerings and revenue contributions from our Cerner acquisition. In reported currency, Cerner contributed $41 million and $81 million to our hardware business’ revenues during the second quarter and first half of fiscal 2023, respectively. Our hardware business’ revenues were adversely impacted during each of the fiscal 2023 and 2022 periods presented due to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, including global supply chain shortages for technology components that resulted in certain manufacturing delays, and any such prospective impacts are unknown. In constant currency, the Americas region contributed 65% and 73%, the EMEA region contributed 27% and 20%, and the Asia Pacific region contributed 8% and 7% to the revenue growth for this business during the second quarter and the first half of fiscal 2023, respectively.

Excluding the effects of currency rate fluctuations, total hardware expenses increased in the fiscal 2023 periods presented, relative to the corresponding prior year periods, primarily due to higher hardware product cost driven by higher hardware product revenues and incremental hardware product cost from Cerner’s hardware business.

In constant currency, our hardware business’ total margin increased in the fiscal 2023 periods presented, relative to the corresponding prior year periods, due to higher total revenues for this business. Total margin as a percentage of revenues in constant currency for this business decreased during the second quarter of fiscal 2023 due to expenses growth and remained flat during the first half of fiscal 2023, in each case relative to the corresponding prior year period.

Services Business

Our services offerings are designed to help maximize the performance of customer investments in Oracle applications and infrastructure technologies and substantially include our consulting services and advanced customer services offerings. Services revenues are generally recognized over time as the services are performed. The cost of providing our services consists primarily of personnel related expenses, technology infrastructure expenditures, facilities expenses and external contractor expenses.

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	Three Months Ended November 30,						Six Months Ended November 30,
			Percent Change						Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)	2022		Actual	Constant	2021		2022		Actual	Constant	2021
Services Revenues:
Americas	$	932	149%	149%	$	374	$	1,830	147%	147%	$	741
EMEA		302	13%	27%		267		599	15%	29%		522
Asia Pacific		158	-2%	12%		161		324	1%	14%		320
Total revenues		1,392	74%	83%		802		2,753	74%	83%		1,583
Total Expenses⁽¹⁾		1,111	76%	86%		631		2,118	71%	80%		1,240
Total Margin	$	281	63%	73%	$	171	$	635	85%	95%	$	343
Total Margin %	20%				21%		23%				22%
% Revenues by Geography:
Americas	67%				47%		66%				47%
EMEA	22%				33%		22%				33%
Asia Pacific	11%				20%		12%				20%

⁽¹⁾

Excludes stock-based compensation and certain allocations. Also excludes certain other GAAP-based expenses, which were not allocated to our operating segment results for purposes of reporting to and review by our CODMs, as further described under “Presentation of Operating Segment Results and Other Financial Information” above.

Excluding the effects of currency rate fluctuations, our total services revenues increased in the fiscal 2023 periods presented, relative to the corresponding prior year periods, due to revenue contributions from our Cerner acquisition, and revenue increases in each of our primary services offerings. In reported currency, Cerner contributed $550 million and $1.1 billion, respectively, to our services business’ revenues during the second quarter and first half of fiscal 2023, respectively. In constant currency, the Americas region contributed 87% and 86%, and the EMEA region contributed 10% and 11% to the revenue growth for this business during the second quarter and the first half of fiscal 2023, respectively, and the Asia Pacific region contributed 3% to the revenue growth for this business during each of the fiscal 2023 periods presented.

In constant currency, total services expenses increased during the fiscal 2023 periods presented, relative to the corresponding prior year periods, primarily due to additional operating expenses due to our acquisition of Cerner, and higher employee related expenses due to higher headcount.

In constant currency, our services business’ total margin increased during the fiscal 2023 periods presented, relative to the corresponding prior year periods, due to higher total revenues for this business during the fiscal 2023 periods presented, relative to the corresponding prior year periods. Total margin as a percentage of revenues in constant currency for this business decreased during the second quarter of fiscal 2023 due to expenses growth and increased during the first half of fiscal 2023 due to revenue growth, in each case relative to the corresponding prior year period.

Research and Development Expenses: Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel related expenditures. We intend to continue to invest significantly in our research and development efforts because, in our judgment, they are essential to maintaining our competitive position.

	Three Months Ended November 30,						Six Months Ended November 30,
			Percent Change						Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)	2022		Actual	Constant	2021		2022		Actual	Constant	2021
Research and development⁽¹⁾	$	1,648	24%	28%	$	1,331	$	3,319	24%	28%	$	2,671
Stock-based compensation		510	20%	20%		423		932	21%	21%		767
Total expenses	$	2,158	23%	26%	$	1,754	$	4,251	24%	26%	$	3,438
% of Total Revenues	18%				17%		18%				17%

⁽¹⁾	Excluding stock-based compensation

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On a constant currency basis, total research and development expenses increased during the fiscal 2023 periods presented, relative to the corresponding prior year periods, primarily due to higher employee related expenses, including higher stock-based compensation and additional operating expenses due to our acquisition of Cerner. Furthermore, an allocation of gains from operating asset sales during the fiscal 2022 periods presented decreased our expenses during those periods, with no comparable transaction during the fiscal 2023 periods presented.

General and Administrative Expenses: General and administrative expenses primarily consist of personnel related expenditures for IT, finance, legal and human resources support functions.

	Three Months Ended November 30,						Six Months Ended November 30,
			Percent Change						Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)	2022		Actual	Constant	2021		2022		Actual	Constant	2021
General and administrative⁽¹⁾	$	271	7%	12%	$	253	$	598	19%	24%	$	503
Stock-based compensation		95	46%	46%		66		179	56%	56%		115
Total expenses	$	366	15%	19%	$	319	$	777	26%	30%	$	618
% of Total Revenues	3%				3%		3%				3%

⁽¹⁾	Excluding stock-based compensation

Excluding the effects of foreign currency rate fluctuations, total general and administrative expenses increased during the fiscal 2023 periods presented, relative to the corresponding prior year periods, primarily due to additional operating expenses due to our acquisition of Cerner and higher stock-based compensation expenses. In addition, an allocation of gains from operating asset sales during the fiscal 2022 periods presented decreased our expenses during those periods, with no comparable transaction in the fiscal 2023 periods presented.

Amortization of Intangible Assets: Substantially all of our intangible assets were acquired through our business combinations. We amortize our intangible assets over, and monitor the appropriateness of, the estimated useful lives of these assets. We also periodically review these intangible assets for potential impairment based upon relevant facts and circumstances. Refer to Note 4 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for additional information regarding our intangible assets and related amortization.

	Three Months Ended November 30,						Six Months Ended November 30,
			Percent Change						Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)	2022		Actual	Constant	2021		2022		Actual	Constant	2021
Developed technology	$	215	73%	73%	$	125	$	449	78%	78%	$	252
Cloud services and license support agreements and related relationships		364	138%	137%		153		749	143%	143%		308
Cloud license and on-premise license agreements and related relationships		117	*	*		5		225	*	*		10
Other		211	*	*		16		403	*	*		33
Total amortization of intangible assets	$	907	203%	204%	$	299	$	1,826	203%	204%	$	603

*	Not meaningful

Amortization of intangible assets increased in the fiscal 2023 periods presented, relative to the corresponding prior year periods, due to additional amortization from intangible assets that we acquired in recent periods, primarily from our acquisition of Cerner, partially offset by a reduction in expenses associated with certain of our intangible assets that became fully amortized.

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Acquisition Related and Other Expenses: Acquisition related and other expenses consist of personnel related costs for transitional and certain other employees, certain business combination adjustments, including adjustments after the measurement period has ended, and certain other operating items, net.

	Three Months Ended November 30,						Six Months Ended November 30,
			Percent Change						Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)	2022		Actual	Constant	2021		2022		Actual	Constant	2021
Transitional and other employee related costs	$	21	*	*	$	2	$	38	*	*	$	4
Business combination adjustments, net		3	304%	311%		1		8	218%	223%		4
Other, net		38	-99%	-99%		4,664		57	-99%	-99%		4,679
Total acquisition related and other expenses	$	62	-99%	-99%	$	4,667	$	103	-98%	-98%	$	4,687

*	Not meaningful

On a constant currency basis, acquisition related and other expenses decreased during the fiscal 2023 periods presented, relative to the corresponding prior year periods, primarily due to the absence of unfavorable impact of certain litigation related charges recorded to acquisition related and other expenses during the fiscal 2022 periods presented that we generally do not expect to recur, partially offset by higher transitional employee related cost related to our acquisition of Cerner and certain facilities-related right-of-use assets that were abandoned in connection with plans to improve our cost structure and operations during the fiscal 2023 periods presented.

Restructuring Expenses: Restructuring expenses resulted from the execution of management approved restructuring plans that were generally developed to improve our cost structure and/or operations, often in conjunction with our acquisition integration strategies and/or other strategic initiatives. Restructuring expenses consist of employee severance costs, contract termination costs and certain other exit costs to improve our cost structure prospectively. For additional information regarding our restructuring plans, see Note 6 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report and Note 8 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2022.

	Three Months Ended November 30,						Six Months Ended November 30,
			Percent Change						Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)	2022		Actual	Constant	2021		2022		Actual	Constant	2021
Restructuring expenses	$	137	330%	376%	$	32	$	281	301%	340%	$	70

Restructuring expenses in each of the fiscal 2023 and 2022 periods presented primarily related to our 2022 Restructuring Plan. Our management approved, committed to and initiated the 2022 Restructuring Plan in order to restructure and further improve efficiencies in our operations. We may incur additional restructuring expenses in future periods due to the initiation of new restructuring plans or from changes in estimated costs associated with existing restructuring plans.

The majority of the initiatives undertaken by our 2022 Restructuring Plan were effected to implement our continued emphasis in developing, marketing, selling and delivering our cloud-based offerings. Certain of the cost savings realized pursuant to our 2022 Restructuring Plan initiatives were offset by investments in resources and geographies that better address the development, marketing, sale and delivery of our cloud‑based offerings including investments in the development and delivery of our second‑generation cloud infrastructure.

Interest Expense:

	Three Months Ended November 30,						Six Months Ended November 30,
			Percent Change						Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)	2022		Actual	Constant	2021		2022		Actual	Constant	2021
Interest expense	$	856	26%	26%	$	679	$	1,643	19%	19%	$	1,384

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Interest expense increased during the fiscal 2023 periods presented, relative to the corresponding prior year periods, primarily due to higher average borrowings during the first half of fiscal 2023 resulting from borrowings, net of partial repayment pursuant to a $15.7 billion delayed draw term loan credit agreement (Bridge Credit Agreement), a $5.6 billion term loan credit agreement (Term Loan Credit Agreement); the issuance of $7.0 billion senior notes in November 2022; and borrowings through commercial paper notes during the first half of fiscal 2023. The increase in interest expense was partially offset by lower interest expense that resulted from $8.3 billion and $2.5 billion of scheduled repayments made during fiscal 2022 and second quarter of fiscal 2023, respectively. Refer to Note 5 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for additional information.

Non-Operating (Expenses) Income, net: Non-operating (expenses) income, net consists primarily of interest income, net foreign currency exchange losses, the noncontrolling interests in the net profits of our majority-owned subsidiaries (primarily Oracle Financial Services Software Limited and Oracle Corporation Japan), net gains and losses related to equity investments including losses attributable to equity method investments and net other income and expenses, including net unrealized gains and losses from our investment portfolio related to our deferred compensation plan, and non-service net periodic pension income and losses.

	Three Months Ended November 30,								Six Months Ended November 30,
				Percent Change								Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)	2022			Actual	Constant	2021			2022			Actual	Constant	2021
Interest income	$	52		151%	162%	$	21		$	90		124%	133%	$	40
Foreign currency losses, net		(55	)	18%	17%		(46	)		(125	)	55%	56%		(81	)
Noncontrolling interests in income		(41	)	-4%	-4%		(42	)		(79	)	-12%	-12%		(89	)
(Losses) gains from equity investments, net		(40	)	*	*		80			(126	)	*	*		59
Other gains (losses), net		13		*	*		(6	)		(11	)	*	*		37
Total non-operating (expenses) income, net	$	(71	)	*	*	$	7		$	(251	)	638%	658%	$	(34	)

*	Not meaningful

Fiscal Second Quarter 2023 Compared to Fiscal Second Quarter 2022: In constant currency, we recorded non-operating expenses, net during the second quarter of fiscal 2023 in comparison to non-operating income, net during the second quarter of fiscal 2022. Non-operating expenses, net during the second quarter of fiscal 2023, in comparison to the second quarter of fiscal 2022, was primarily due to higher foreign currency losses and higher net losses associated with equity investments, partially offset by higher interest income and higher other income, net, which was primarily attributable to higher unrealized investment gains associated with certain marketable equity securities that we held for employee benefit plans and for which an equal and offsetting amount was recorded to our operating expenses during the same period, each in comparison to the corresponding prior year period.

First Half of Fiscal 2023 Compared to First Half of Fiscal 2022: Our non-operating expenses, net increased in the first half of fiscal 2023 compared to the first half of fiscal 2022 primarily due to higher foreign currency losses, higher net losses associated with equity investments and higher other expense, net, which was primarily attributable to higher unrealized investment losses associated with certain marketable equity securities that we held for employee benefit plans as described above. The increase in non-operating expenses, net was partially offset by higher interest income.

(Provision for) Benefit from Income Taxes: Our effective income tax rates for each of the periods presented were the result of the mix of income and losses earned in various tax jurisdictions that apply a broad range of income tax rates. Refer to Note 9 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for a discussion regarding the differences between the effective income tax rates as presented for the periods below and the U.S. federal statutory income tax rates that were in effect during these periods. Future effective tax rates could be adversely affected by an unfavorable shift of earnings weighted to jurisdictions with higher tax rates, by unfavorable changes in tax laws and regulations, by adverse rulings in tax related litigation, or by shortfalls in stock-based compensation realized by employees relative to stock-based compensation that was recorded for book purposes, among others.

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	Three Months Ended November 30,							Six Months Ended November 30,
				Percent Change							Percent Change
(Dollars in millions)	2022			Actual	Constant	2021		2022			Actual	Constant	2021
(Provision for) benefit from income taxes	$	(403	)	*	*	$	249	$	(511	)	*	*	$	25
Effective tax expense (benefit) rate	18.8%					(16.6%)		13.4%					(2.1%)

*	Not meaningful

Provision for income taxes increased during the fiscal 2023 periods presented, relative to the corresponding prior year periods, primarily due to higher income before income taxes in the fiscal 2023 periods presented resulting from the absence of certain litigation related charges we incurred in the fiscal 2022 periods presented. The increase was partially offset by the excess of the benefit of amortization of Cerner intangible assets over a lesser increase in taxes attributable to the combination of reduced tax benefits related to stock-based compensation and increased tax expense from unrecognized tax benefits due to settlements with tax authorities and other events, in each case during the fiscal 2023 periods presented.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

(Dollars in millions)

November 30,

2022

Change

May 31,

2022

Working capital

(9,545

)

12,122

Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities

7,350

-66%

21,902

*	Not meaningful

Working capital: The decrease in working capital as of November 30, 2022 in comparison to May 31, 2022 was primarily due to $27.8 billion net cash used for our acquisition of Cerner, $1.6 billion of repayment of senior notes assumed from our acquisition of Cerner, $3.5 billion of long-term senior notes that were reclassified to current liabilities, cash used for repurchases of our common stock, cash used to pay dividends to our stockholders and cash used for capital expenditures during the first half of fiscal 2023. These unfavorable impacts were partially offset by cash proceeds from borrowings pursuant to the Term Loan Credit Agreement and the issuance of senior notes in November 2022 (refer to Note 5 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report for additional information), the favorable impacts to our net current assets resulting from net income and cash proceeds from stock option exercises. Our working capital may be impacted by some or all of the aforementioned factors in future periods, the amounts and timing of which are variable.

Cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities: Cash and cash equivalents primarily consist of deposits held at major banks, money market funds and other securities with original maturities of 90 days or less. Marketable securities consist of time deposits, marketable equity securities and certain other securities. The decrease in cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities at November 30, 2022 in comparison to May 31, 2022 was primarily due to the net cash outflows of $27.8 billion for our acquisition of Cerner, $1.6 billion of repayment of senior notes assumed from our acquisition of Cerner, $2.5 billion of repayment of senior notes due October 2022, repurchases of our common stock, payments of cash dividends to our stockholders and cash used for capital expenditures. These cash outflows during the first half of fiscal 2023 were partially offset by certain cash inflows, primarily due to cash inflows generated by borrowings, net of partial repayments pursuant to the Bridge Credit Agreement, the Term Loan Credit Agreement, the issuance of senior notes in November 2022 and the commercial paper program, cash inflows from our operations and stock option exercises during the first half of fiscal 2023.

	Six Months Ended November 30,
(Dollars in millions)	2022			Change	2021
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	7,243		324%	$	1,709
Net cash (used for) provided by investing activities	$	(32,094	)	*	$	9,949
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	$	10,455		*	$	(23,521	)

*	Not meaningful

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Cash flows from operating activities: Our largest source of operating cash flows is cash collections from our customers following the purchase and renewal of their license support agreements. Payments from customers for these license support agreements are generally received near the beginning of the contracts’ terms, which are generally one year in length. Over the course of a fiscal year, we also have historically generated cash from the sales of new licenses, cloud services, hardware offerings and other services. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities are typically for employee related expenditures, material and manufacturing costs related to the production of our hardware products, taxes, interest payments and leased facilities.

Net cash provided by operating activities increased during the first half of fiscal 2023, relative to the corresponding prior year period, primarily due to certain litigation related charges recorded during the first half of fiscal 2022 that we generally do not expect to recur and certain cash favorable working capital changes, net in the first half of fiscal 2023, relative to the corresponding prior year period.

Cash flows from investing activities: The changes in cash flows from investing activities primarily relate to our acquisitions, the timing of our purchases, maturities and sales of our investments in marketable securities, and investments in capital and other assets, including certain intangible assets, to support our growth.

Net cash used for investing activities increased during the first half of fiscal 2023 compared to net cash provided by investing activities during the first half of fiscal 2022 primarily due to the cash used for our acquisition of Cerner in the first half of fiscal 2023, an increase in cash used for capital expenditures and decrease in cash proceeds from sales and maturities of marketable securities and other investments, partially offset by a decrease in cash used for the purchases of marketable securities and other investments, in each case during the first half of fiscal 2023 relative to the first half of fiscal 2022.

Cash flows from financing activities: The changes in cash flows from financing activities primarily relate to borrowings and repayments related to our debt instruments, stock repurchases, dividend payments and net proceeds related to employee stock programs.

Net cash provided by financing activities increased during the first half of fiscal 2023 compared to the net cash used for financing activities in the first half of fiscal 2022 primarily due to the cash proceeds from borrowings, net of partial repayments pursuant to the Bridge Credit Agreement, the Term Loan Credit Agreement, the issuance of senior notes in November 2022 and the commercial paper program; lower stock repurchases; lower maturities of senior notes and higher net cash from our employee stock program, in each case during the first half of fiscal 2023 in comparison to the first half of fiscal 2022.

Free cash flow: To supplement our statements of cash flows presented on a GAAP basis, we use non-GAAP measures of cash flows on a trailing 4-quarter basis to analyze cash flows generated from our operations. We believe that free cash flow is also useful as one of the bases for comparing our performance with our competitors. The presentation of non-GAAP free cash flow is not meant to be considered in isolation or as an alternative to net income as an indicator of our performance, or as an alternative to cash flows from operating activities as a measure of liquidity. We calculate free cash flow as follows:

	Trailing 4-Quarters Ended November 30,
(Dollars in millions)	2022			Change	2021
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	15,073		47%	$	10,255
Capital expenditures		(6,678	)	114%		(3,118	)
Free cash flow	$	8,395		18%	$	7,137
Net income	$	8,797			$	10,262
Free cash flow as percent of net income	95%				70%

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Recent Financing Activities:

Credit Agreements and Related Borrowings: On June 8, 2022, we borrowed $15.7 billion under the Bridge Credit Agreement to partly finance our acquisition of Cerner. The amount is due and payable in full on March 7, 2023 unless settled earlier pursuant to the terms of the Bridge Credit Agreement.

During the first half of fiscal 2023, we entered into and subsequently expanded the Term Loan Credit Agreement and borrowed a total of $4.7 billion under the Term Loan 1 Facility and $960 million under the Term Loan 2 Facility. We used the net proceeds of these borrowings to reduce the amount of indebtedness outstanding under the Bridge Credit Agreement. We will begin making quarterly repayments of amounts borrowed under both Term Loan Facilities in September 2024. Any remaining unpaid principal balance under the Term Loan 1 Facility will be fully due and payable on August 16, 2027 and any remaining unpaid principal balance under the Term Loan 2 Facility will be fully due and payable on August 16, 2025, unless the termination date of one or both of the Term Loan Facilities is extended.

Senior Notes: In November 2022, we issued $7.0 billion of senior notes comprised of the following:

•

$1.0 billion of 5.80% senior notes due November 2025;

•

$1.25 billion of 6.15% senior notes due November 2029;

•

$2.25 billion of 6.25% senior notes due November 2032; and

•

$2.5 billion of 6.90% senior notes due November 2052.

We used the net proceeds from the senior notes to reduce the amount of indebtedness outstanding under the Bridge Credit Agreement.

Cerner Senior Notes and Other Borrowings: We assumed $1.6 billion of senior notes and other borrowings through our Cerner acquisition, all of which were paid during the first half of fiscal 2023.

Commercial Paper Program: During the first half of fiscal 2023, our commercial paper program was increased to $6.0 billion. Our commercial paper program allows us to issue and sell unsecured short-term promissory notes pursuant to a private placement exemption from the registration requirements under federal and state securities laws pursuant to dealer agreements with various banks and an Issuing and Paying Agency Agreement with Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas. There were $1.9 billion of outstanding commercial paper notes as of November 30, 2022 (none outstanding as of May 31, 2022) that mature at various dates through March 2023. The effective interest rate, including issuance costs for the second quarter and first half of fiscal 2023 was 4.48%. We use the net proceeds from the issuance of commercial paper for general corporate purposes.

Additional details regarding these activities above are included in Note 5 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

Contractual Obligations: During the first half of fiscal 2023, there were no significant changes to our estimates of future payments under our fixed contractual obligations and commitments as presented in Part II, Item 7 Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended May 31, 2022, other than the closure of our acquisition of Cerner on June 8, 2022, for which we borrowed $15.7 billion on the same day pursuant to the Bridge Credit Agreement. We also issued $7.0 billion of senior notes and borrowed a total of $5.6 billion pursuant to the Term Loan Credit Agreement. The net proceeds of both borrowings were used for partial repayment of borrowings under the Bridge Credit Agreement. We also issued $1.9 billion of commercial paper, net of repayments, during the first half of fiscal 2023. Additional details are included in the discussion above and in Note 5 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

Further, our operating lease commitments, primarily for data centers, that are generally expected to commence between the remainder of fiscal 2023 and fiscal 2026 for terms of three to fifteen years increased to $7.1 billion as of November 30, 2022. We have not recorded these lease commitments on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of November 30, 2022. Refer to Note 10 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in our

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Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2022 for more information about our lease commitments.

We believe that our current cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities balances, cash generated from operations, and our $6.0 billion, five-year revolving credit agreement will be sufficient to meet our working capital, capital expenditures and contractual obligations requirements. In addition, we believe that we could fund our future acquisitions, dividend payments and repurchases of common stock or debt with our internally available cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, cash generated from operations, additional borrowings or from the issuance of additional securities.

Stock-Based Awards

Our stock-based compensation program is a key component of the compensation package we provide to attract and retain certain of our talented employees and align their interests with the interests of existing stockholders.

We recognize that stock-based awards dilute existing stockholders and have sought to control the number of stock-based awards granted while providing competitive compensation packages. Consistent with these dual goals, our cumulative potential dilution since June 1, 2019 has been a weighted-average annualized rate of 1.3% per year. The potential dilution percentage is calculated as the average annualized new stock-based awards granted and assumed, net of stock-based awards forfeited by employees leaving the company, divided by the weighted-average outstanding shares during the calculation period. This maximum potential dilution will only result if all stock-based awards vest and, if applicable, are exercised. Of the outstanding stock options at November 30, 2022, which generally have a ten-year exercise period, all have exercise prices lower than the market price of our common stock on such date. In recent years, our stock repurchase program has more than offset the dilutive effect of our stock-based compensation program. However, we may modify the levels of our stock repurchases in the future depending on a number of factors, including the amount of cash we have available for acquisitions, to pay dividends, to repay or repurchase indebtedness or for other purposes. At November 30, 2022, the maximum potential dilution from all outstanding stock-based awards, regardless of when granted and regardless of whether vested or unvested, was 9.0%.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

For information with respect to recent accounting pronouncements, if any, and the impact of these pronouncements on our consolidated financial statements, if any, see Note 1 of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report.

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

There were no significant changes to our quantitative and qualitative disclosures about market risk during the first half of fiscal 2023. Please refer to Part II, Item 7A Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended May 31, 2022 for a more complete discussion of the market risks we encounter.

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures: Based on our management’s evaluation (with the participation of our Principal Executive and Financial Officer), as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report, our Principal Executive and Financial Officer has concluded that our “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) were effective to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by us in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and is accumulated and communicated to our management (including our Principal Executive and Financial Officer) as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting: As a result of our acquisition of Cerner on June 8, 2022, our internal control over financial reporting, subsequent to the date of acquisition, includes certain additional internal controls relating to Cerner. Except as described above, there were no changes in our internal control over financial

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reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by paragraph (d) of the Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 or 15d-15 that occurred during our last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls: Our management, including our Principal Executive and Financial Officer, believes that our disclosure controls and procedures and internal control over financial reporting are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and are effective at the reasonable assurance level. However, our management does not expect that our disclosure controls and procedures or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well-conceived and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the control system are met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. These inherent limitations include the realities that judgments in decision making can be faulty and that breakdowns can occur because of a simple error or mistake. Additionally, controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people or by management override of the controls. The design of any system of controls also is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions; over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may deteriorate. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

The material set forth in Note 9 (pertaining to information regarding contingencies related to our income taxes) and Note 12 (pertaining to information regarding legal contingencies) of Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

In addition to the other information set forth in this Quarterly Report, you should carefully consider the factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for our fiscal year ended May 31, 2022. The risks discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K could materially affect our business, financial condition and future results. The risks described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K are not the only risks facing us. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be insignificant also may materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition or operating results in the future.

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following table summarizes the stock repurchase activity for the three months ended November 30, 2022 and the approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased pursuant to our stock repurchase program:

(in millions, except per share amounts)	Total Number of Shares Purchased		Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Program		Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program
September 1, 2022—September 30, 2022		3.2	$	70.10		3.2	$	8,661.8
October 1, 2022—October 31, 2022		2.7	$	67.90		2.7	$	8,479.6
November 1, 2022—November 30, 2022		0.2	$	77.06		0.2	$	8,467.1
Total		6.1	$	69.32		6.1

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Item 6.

Exhibits

Exhibit

No.

Incorporated by Reference

Exhibit Description

Form

File No.

Exhibit

Filing Date

Filed By

4.01

Forms of 5.800% Notes due 2025, 6.150% Notes due 2029, 6.250% Notes due 2032 and 6.900% Notes due 2052, together with an Officers’ Certificate issued November 9, 2022 setting forth the terms of the Notes

8-K

001-35992

4.1

11/9/22

Oracle Corporation

31.01‡

Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) Certification of Principal Executive and Financial Officer

32.01†

Section 1350 Certification of Principal Executive and Financial Officer

101‡

Interactive Data Files Pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of November 30, 2022 and May 31, 2022, (ii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three and six months ended November 30, 2022 and 2021, (iii) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three and six months ended November 30, 2022 and 2021, (iv) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Deficit for the three and six months ended November 30, 2022 and 2021, (v) Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended November 30, 2022 and 2021 and (vi) Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

104‡

The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended November 30, 2022, formatted in Inline XBRL

‡	Filed herewith.

†	Furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, Oracle Corporation has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

	ORACLE CORPORATION

Date: December 13, 2022	By:	/s/ Safra A. Catz
		Safra A. Catz Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive and Financial Officer)

Date: December 13, 2022	By:	/s/ William Corey West
		William Corey West
		Executive Vice President, Chief Accounting Officer (Principal Accounting Officer)