SS&C Technologies Holdings Inc - Quarter Report: 2020 September (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020

☐

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-34675

SS&C TECHNOLOGIES HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

71-0987913

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

80 Lamberton Road

Windsor, CT 06095

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

860-298-4500

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):


Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share	SSNC	The Nasdaq Global Select Market

There were 255,964,649 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of October 28, 2020.

SS&C TECHNOLOGIES HOLDINGS, INC.

INDEX

		Page Number

PART 1. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)		3

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019		3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019		4

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019		5

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019		6

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements		8

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		18

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		27

Item 4. Controls and Procedures		28

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings		29

Item 1A. Risk Factors		29

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		29

Item 6. Exhibits		30

EXHIBIT INDEX		30

SIGNATURE		31

SS&C Technologies Holdings, Inc., or “SS&C Holdings,” is our top-level holding company. SS&C Technologies, Inc., or “SS&C,” is our primary operating company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of SS&C Technologies Holdings, Inc. “We,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” mean SS&C Technologies Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, including SS&C.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. For this purpose, any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing, the words “believes”, “anticipates”, “plans”, “expects”, “estimates”, “projects”, “forecasts”, “may”, “assume”, “intend”, “will”, “continue”, “opportunity”, “predict”, “potential”, “future”, “guarantee”, “likely”, “target”, “indicate”, “would”, “could” and “should” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. The important factors discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 28, 2020, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by forward-looking statements made herein and presented elsewhere by management from time to time. We do not undertake an obligation to update its forward-looking statements to reflect future events or circumstances.

PART I

Item 1.

Financial Statements

SS&C TECHNOLOGIES HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In millions, except per share data) (Unaudited)

	September 30,			December 31,
	2020			2019
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	184.5		$	152.8
Funds receivable and funds held on behalf of clients		781.5			1,729.9
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $16.3 and $13.2, respectively		647.8			669.7
Contract asset		19.6			20.0
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		182.3			204.5
Restricted cash and cash equivalents		6.0			9.0
Total current assets		1,821.7			2,785.9
Property, plant and equipment, net (Note 2)		420.5			466.4
Operating lease right-of-use assets		353.2			375.3
Investments (Note 3)		184.2			160.1
Unconsolidated affiliates (Note 4)		224.1			234.8
Contract asset		84.7			78.6
Goodwill (Note 6)		7,984.2			7,959.9
Intangible and other assets, net of accumulated amortization of $2,480.7 and $2,022.0, respectively		4,402.8			4,680.1
Total assets	$	15,475.4		$	16,741.1
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt (Note 7)	$	77.8		$	76.3
Client funds obligations		781.5			1,729.9
Accounts payable		28.4			36.9
Income taxes payable		8.9			13.3
Accrued employee compensation and benefits		248.3			290.6
Interest payable		0.1			27.6
Other accrued expenses		274.0			268.4
Deferred revenues		319.9			333.2
Total current liabilities		1,738.9			2,776.2
Long-term debt, net of current portion (Note 7)		6,766.5			7,077.8
Operating lease liabilities		327.2			348.6
Other long-term liabilities		302.2			333.7
Deferred income taxes		957.3			1,088.7
Total liabilities		10,092.1			11,625.0
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)
Stockholders’ equity (Note 8):
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, 5.0 million shares authorized; no shares issued		—			—
Class A non-voting common stock, $0.01 par value per share, 5.0 million shares authorized; no shares issued		—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share, 400.0 million shares authorized; 262.1 million shares and 257.6 million shares issued, respectively, and 255.9 million shares and 254.6 million shares outstanding, respectively		2.6			2.6
Additional paid-in capital		4,464.7			4,266.9
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(301.7	)		(253.0	)
Retained earnings		1,505.9			1,177.9
		5,671.5			5,194.4
Less: cost of common stock in treasury, 6.1 and 2.9 million shares, respectively		(288.2	)		(78.3	)
Total stockholders’ equity		5,383.3			5,116.1
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	15,475.4		$	16,741.1

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

SS&C TECHNOLOGIES HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In millions, except per share data) (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Revenues:
Software-enabled services	$	958.4		$	960.0		$	2,892.9		$	2,894.7
License, maintenance and related		194.4			184.2			571.6			534.7
Total revenues		1,152.8			1,144.2			3,464.5			3,429.4
Cost of revenues:
Software-enabled services		551.6			567.9			1,685.0			1,727.9
License, maintenance and related		77.3			74.8			236.3			225.8
Total cost of revenues		628.9			642.7			1,921.3			1,953.7
Gross profit		523.9			501.5			1,543.2			1,475.7
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing		85.2			88.0			260.9			261.3
Research and development		97.0			94.9			298.7			283.3
General and administrative		84.7			91.0			266.5			278.0
Total operating expenses		266.9			273.9			826.1			822.6
Operating income		257.0			227.6			717.1			653.1
Interest expense, net		(54.7	)		(98.5	)		(192.6	)		(304.4	)
Other income (expense), net		15.1			(10.3	)		18.8			27.1
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net		0.2			(0.1	)		(0.1	)		2.1
Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt		0.4			—			(2.2	)		(7.1	)
Income before income taxes		218.0			118.7			541.0			370.8
Provision for income taxes		58.6			23.7			112.9			73.9
Net income	$	159.4		$	95.0		$	428.1		$	296.9

Basic earnings per share	$	0.62		$	0.38		$	1.67		$	1.17
Diluted earnings per share	$	0.60		$	0.36		$	1.61		$	1.12

Basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding		256.7			253.3			256.3			252.7
Diluted weighted average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding		266.7			262.7			266.0			264.1

Net income	$	159.4		$	95.0		$	428.1		$	296.9
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Change in unrealized loss on interest rate swaps		(0.1	)		(0.5	)		(2.8	)		(3.3	)
Foreign currency exchange translation adjustment		70.7			(62.6	)		(45.9	)		(31.8	)
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax		70.6			(63.1	)		(48.7	)		(35.1	)
Comprehensive income	$	230.0		$	31.9		$	379.4		$	261.8

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

SS&C TECHNOLOGIES HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In millions) (Unaudited)

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020			2019
Cash flow from operating activities:
Net income	$	428.1		$	296.9
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		544.1			582.8
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net		0.1			(2.1	)
Cash distributions received from unconsolidated affiliates		8.0			2.3
Stock-based compensation expense		65.9			55.7
Net gains on investments		(17.3	)		(26.7	)
Amortization and write-offs of loan origination costs and original issue discounts		10.4			13.3
Loss on extinguishment of debt		1.3			—
Loss on sale or disposition of property and equipment		4.0			3.1
Deferred income taxes		(115.9	)		(73.6	)
Provision for doubtful accounts		6.0			4.0
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding effects from acquisitions:
Accounts receivable		20.0			19.1
Prepaid expenses and other assets		(86.2	)		24.7
Contract assets		(4.0	)		(28.1	)
Accounts payable		(9.5	)		11.4
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		(80.9	)		(123.6	)
Income taxes prepaid and payable		38.9			(27.0	)
Deferred revenue		(57.9	)		22.8
Net cash provided by operating activities		755.1			755.0
Cash flow from investing activities:
Cash paid for business acquisitions, net of cash acquired		(113.5	)		3.2
Additions to property and equipment		(25.4	)		(48.0	)
Additions to capitalized software		(54.6	)		(51.1	)
Investments in securities		(60.8	)		(0.3	)
Proceeds from sales / maturities of investments		50.8			46.1
Distributions received from unconsolidated affiliates		—			2.1
Collection of other non-current receivables		7.6			7.7
Net cash used in investing activities		(195.9	)		(40.3	)
Cash flow from financing activities:
Cash received from debt borrowings		286.0			2,150.0
Repayments of debt		(616.3	)		(2,779.1	)
Fees paid for debt extinguishment and refinancing activities		—			(6.0	)
Net (decrease) increase in client funds obligations		(949.2	)		0.8
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		129.6			74.5
Withholding taxes paid related to equity award net share settlement		(8.1	)		(19.2	)
Purchases of common stock for treasury		(219.8	)		(60.3	)
Dividends paid on common stock		(99.9	)		(76.0	)
Net cash used in financing activities		(1,477.7	)		(715.3	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(2.0	)		(1.8	)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(920.5	)		(2.4	)
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		1,789.4			1,113.3
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	868.9		$	1,110.9

Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	184.5		$	157.5
Restricted cash and cash equivalents		6.0			7.0
Restricted cash and cash equivalents included in funds receivable and funds held on behalf of clients		678.4			946.4
	$	868.9		$	1,110.9

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

SS&C TECHNOLOGIES HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In millions) (Unaudited)

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Common Stock
	Number									Accumulated
	of				Additional					Other						Total
	Issued				Paid-in		Retained			Comprehensive			Treasury			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Earnings			(Loss) Income			Stock			Equity
Balance, at June 30, 2020		260.7	$	2.6	$	4,397.4	$	1,382.4		$	(372.3	)	$	(96.3	)	$	5,313.8
Net income		—		—		—		159.4			—			—			159.4
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		—		—		—		—			70.7			—			70.7
Net change in interest rate swaps		—		—		—		—			(0.1	)		—			(0.1	)
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		21.3		—			—			—			21.3
Exercise of options, net of withholding taxes		1.4		—		46.0		—			—			—			46.0
Purchases of common stock		—		—		—		—			—			(191.9	)		(191.9	)
Cash dividends declared - $0.14 per share		—		—		—		(35.9	)		—			—			(35.9	)
Balance, at September 30, 2020		262.1	$	2.6	$	4,464.7	$	1,505.9		$	(301.7	)	$	(288.2	)	$	5,383.3

	Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Common Stock
	Number									Accumulated
	of				Additional					Other						Total
	Issued				Paid-in		Retained			Comprehensive			Treasury			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Earnings			Loss			Stock			Equity
Balance, at June 30, 2019		255.3	$	2.5	$	4,177.6	$	998.4		$	(315.0	)	$	(18.0	)	$	4,845.5
Net income		—		—		—		95.0			—			—			95.0
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		—		—		—		—			(62.6	)		—			(62.6	)
Net change in interest rate swaps		—		—		—		—			(0.5	)		—			(0.5	)
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		17.1		—			—			—			17.1
Exercise of options, net of withholding taxes		0.3		0.1		7.6		—			—			—			7.7
Cash dividends declared - $0.10 per share		—		—		—		(25.4	)		—			—			(25.4	)
Purchases of common stock		—		—		—		—			—			(60.3	)		(60.3	)
Other		—		—		0.1		—			—			—			0.1
Balance, at September 30, 2019		255.6	$	2.6	$	4,202.4	$	1,068.0		$	(378.1	)	$	(78.3	)	$	4,816.6

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
	Common Stock
	Number									Accumulated
	of				Additional					Other						Total
	Issued				Paid-in		Retained			Comprehensive			Treasury			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Earnings			Loss			Stock			Equity
Balance, at December 31, 2019		257.6	$	2.6	$	4,266.9	$	1,177.9		$	(253.0	)	$	(78.3	)	$	5,116.1
Net income		—		—		—		428.1			—			—			428.1
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		—		—		—		—			(45.9	)		—			(45.9	)
Net change in interest rate swaps		—		—		—		—			(2.8	)		—			(2.8	)
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		65.9		—			—			—			65.9
Exercise of options, net of withholding taxes		4.5		—		121.5		—			—			—			121.5
Non-cash purchase price consideration		—		—		10.2		—			—			9.9			20.1
Purchases of common stock		—		—		—		—			—			(219.8	)		(219.8	)
Cash dividends declared - $0.39 per share		—		—		0.2		(100.1	)		—			—			(99.9	)
Balance, at September 30, 2020		262.1	$	2.6	$	4,464.7	$	1,505.9		$	(301.7	)	$	(288.2	)	$	5,383.3

	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
	Common Stock
	Number									Accumulated
	of				Additional					Other						Total
	Issued				Paid-in		Retained			Comprehensive			Treasury			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Earnings			Loss			Stock			Equity
Balance, at December 31, 2018		252.4	$	2.5	$	4,091.4	$	847.1		$	(343.0	)	$	(18.0	)	$	4,580.0
Net income		—		—		—		296.9			—			—			296.9
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		—		—		—		—			(31.8	)		—			(31.8	)
Net change in interest rate swaps		—		—		—		—			(3.3	)		—			(3.3	)
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		55.7		—			—			—			55.7
Exercise of options, net of withholding taxes		3.2		0.1		55.2		—			—			—			55.3
Cash dividends declared - $0.30 per share		—		—		—		(76.0	)		—			—			(76.0	)
Purchases of common stock		—		—		—		—			—			(60.3	)		(60.3	)
Other		—		—		0.1		—			—			—			0.1
Balance, at September 30, 2019		255.6	$	2.6	$	4,202.4	$	1,068.0		$	(378.1	)	$	(78.3	)	$	4,816.6

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

SS&C TECHNOLOGIES HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1—Basis of Presentation

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). These accounting principles were applied on a basis consistent with those of the audited Consolidated Financial Statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 28, 2020 (the “2019 Form 10-K”). The inputs into our judgments and estimates consider the economic implications of COVID-19 on our critical and significant accounting estimates. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contain all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, except as noted elsewhere in the notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements) necessary for a fair statement of our financial position as of September 30, 2020, the results of our operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, and our cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. Certain prior year balances have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation. Such reclassifications did not affect total revenues, operating income or net income. These statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for annual financial statements. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and footnotes as of and for the year ended December 31, 2019, which were included in the 2019 Form 10-K. The December 31, 2019 Consolidated Balance Sheet data were derived from audited financial statements but do not include all disclosures required by GAAP for annual financial statements. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the expected results for any subsequent quarters or the full year.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncement

In June 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 requires companies to measure credit losses utilizing a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires a consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. Application of ASU 2016-13 is through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date. Upon adoption, ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Recent Accounting Pronouncement Not Yet Effective

In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU 2019-12, Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (Topic 740). ASU 2019-12 simplifies the accounting for income taxes by eliminating certain exceptions to the guidance in ASC 740 related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. The standard also simplifies aspects of the accounting for franchise taxes and enacted changes in tax laws or rates and clarifies the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill. ASU 2019-12 is effective for us as of our first quarter of fiscal 2021. Certain amendments in this update must be applied on a prospective basis, certain amendments must be applied on a retrospective basis and certain amendments must be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date. We are currently evaluating the impact of the pending adoption of ASU 2019-12 on our Consolidated Financial Statements.

Note 2—Property, Plant and Equipment, net

Property, plant and equipment and the related accumulated depreciation are as follows (in millions):

	September 30,			December 31,
	2020			2019
Land	$	47.1		$	47.5
Building and improvements		302.9			302.2
Equipment, furniture, and fixtures		452.6			427.1
		802.6			776.8
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization		(382.1	)		(310.4	)
Total property, plant and equipment, net	$	420.5		$	466.4

Depreciation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 was $26.1 million and $80.2 million, respectively. Depreciation expense for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $29.9 million and $93.0 million, respectively.

Note 3—Investments

Investments are as follows (in millions):

	September 30,		December 31,
	2020		2019
Partnership interests in private equity funds	$	46.2	$	76.7
Seed capital investments		19.9		—
Marketable equity securities		33.6		37.9
Non-marketable equity securities		84.5		45.5
Total investments	$	184.2	$	160.1

Realized and unrealized gains and losses for our equity securities are as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended September 30,					Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019			2020		2019
Unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities held as of the end of the period	$	4.9	$	(12.9	)	$	4.1	$	24.6
Realized gains (losses) for equity securities sold during the period		6.2		(2.2	)		14.8		4.1
Total gains (losses) recognized in other income (expense), net	$	11.1	$	(15.1	)	$	18.9	$	28.7

Fair Value Measurement

Authoritative accounting guidance on fair value measurements establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs for which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, we held certain investment assets and certain liabilities that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. These investments include money market funds and marketable equity securities where fair value is determined using quoted prices in active markets. Accordingly, the fair value measurements of these investments have been classified as Level 1 in the tables below. Investments for which we elected net asset value as a practical expedient for fair value and investments measured using the fair value measurement alternative are excluded from the tables below. Fair value for deferred compensation liabilities that are credited with deemed gains or losses of the underlying hypothetical investments, primarily equity securities, have been classified as Level 1 in the tables below.

The following tables present assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in millions):

				Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
	September 30, 2020			Quoted prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)			Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Money market funds (1)	$	441.8		$	441.8		$	—	$	—
Marketable equity securities (2)		33.6			33.6			—		—
Seed capital investments (2)		19.9			19.9			—		—
Deferred compensation liabilities (3)		(18.3	)		(18.3	)		—		—
Total	$	477.0		$	477.0		$	—	$	—

_____________________________________________________

(1)	Included in Cash and cash equivalents and Funds receivable and funds held on behalf of clients on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(2)	Included in Investments on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(3)	Included in Other long-term liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

				Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
	December 31, 2019			Quoted prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)			Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Money market funds (1)	$	1,051.1		$	1,051.1		$	—	$	—
Marketable equity securities (2)		37.9			37.9			—		—
Deferred compensation liabilities (3)		(20.8	)		(20.8	)		—		—
Total	$	1,068.2		$	1,068.2		$	—	$	—

_____________________________________________________

(1)	Included in Cash and cash equivalents and Funds receivable and funds held on behalf of clients on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(2)	Included in Investments on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(3)	Included in Other long-term liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, the fair value of our non-marketable equity securities was adjusted downward by $1.0 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the fair value of our non-marketable equity securities was adjusted upward by $0.5 million.

We have partnership interests in various private equity funds that are not included in the tables above. Our investments in private equity funds were $46.2 million and $76.7 million at September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively, of which $42.1 million and $72.1 million, respectively, were measured using net asset value as a practical expedient for fair value and $4.1 million and $4.6 million, respectively, were accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The investments in private equity funds represent underlying investments in domestic and international markets across various industry sectors. At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, one of our investments in private equity funds, representing 63% and 75%, respectively, of the total value of the private equity fund investments, was primarily invested in the energy sector and real estate. We have no management rights associated with our partnership interests in this fund and withdrawals from this fund are subject to general partner consent. This fund has a termination date in 2021. We expect to receive distributions from this fund upon liquidation of the underlying investments over the next several years, however the exact timing of the distributions is unknown. We have no unfunded commitments related to this fund. Future capital commitments related to our other private equity fund investments were approximately $1.0 million and $1.6 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.

Generally, our investments in private equity funds are non-transferable or are subject to long holding periods, and withdrawals from the private equity firm partnerships are typically not permitted. Even when transfer restrictions do not apply, there is generally no public market for the securities. Therefore, we may not be able to sell the securities at a time when we desire to do so. We may not always be able to sell those investments at the same or higher prices than we paid for them. As of September 30, 2020, we did not have plans to sell any of these investments. The maximum risk of loss related to our private equity fund investments is limited to the carrying value of its investments in the entities plus any future capital commitments, which include future commitments that we believe are unlikely to be called by the general partner.

Note 4—Unconsolidated Affiliates

Investments in unconsolidated affiliates are as follows (in millions):

		Carrying Value		Excess carrying value of investment over proportionate share of net assets
	Ownership Percentage	September 30, 2020		September 30, 2020
International Financial Data Services L.P.	50%	$	94.7	$	42.4
Pershing Road Development Company, LLC	50%		73.2		73.3
Broadway Square Partners, LLP	50%		52.1		29.7
Other unconsolidated affiliates			4.1		—
Total		$	224.1	$	145.4

Investments in unconsolidated affiliates are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. We record our proportionate share of the results of the unconsolidated affiliates and amortization expense related to basis differences in Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. One of the unconsolidated affiliates is a party to an interest rate swap agreement. We record our proportionate share of the change in value of the interest rate

swap agreement in Accumulated other comprehensive loss. Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to Net income are recorded in Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net are as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
International Financial Data Services L.P.	$	1.2		$	0.3		$	2.9		$	2.0
Pershing Road Development Company, LLC		0.8			0.7			2.0			1.3
Broadway Square Partners, LLP		0.5			0.4			1.1			0.9
Other unconsolidated affiliates		(2.3	)		(1.5	)		(6.1	)		(2.1	)
Total	$	0.2		$	(0.1	)	$	(0.1	)	$	2.1

Note 5—Acquisitions

Innovest Systems

On May 15, 2020, we purchased all of the outstanding stock of Innovest Systems, Inc. (“Innovest”) for approximately $99.1 million in cash, net of cash acquired, and 0.4 million shares of our common stock, plus the costs of effecting the transaction and the assumption of certain liabilities. Innovest provides web-based technology systems for trust accounting and unique asset servicing. Innovest's product InnoTrust offers solutions to support the accounting and reporting needs of trust companies, banks, private banks, retirement plan administrators and others.

The net assets and results of operations of Innovest have been included in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements from May 15, 2020. The fair value of intangible assets, consisting of customer relationships, completed technology and trade names, was determined using the income approach. Specifically, the relief-from-royalty method was utilized for the completed technology and trade names and the excess earnings method was utilized for the customer relationships. The intangible assets are amortized each year based on the ratio that the projected cash flows for the intangible assets bear to the total of current and expected future cash flows for the intangible assets. The customer relationships, completed technology and trade names are expected to be amortized over approximately 14, 13 and seven years, respectively, in each case the estimated lives of the assets. The remainder of the purchase price was allocated to goodwill and is primarily tax deductible.

There are $10.9 million and $16.4 million in revenues from Innovest’s operations included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.

Captricity

On March 24, 2020, we purchased all of the outstanding stock of Captricity, Inc. (“Captricity”) for approximately $15.1 million in cash, net of cash acquired, plus the costs of effecting the transaction and the assumption of certain liabilities. Captricity’s data transformation platform, Vidado, provides an enterprise-grade cloud-based machine learning solution that enables fast, scalable and highly accurate extraction of handwritten and machine-printed data from paper documents.

The net assets and results of operations of Captricity have been included in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements from March 24, 2020. The fair value of intangible assets, consisting of customer relationships and completed technology, was determined using the income approach. Specifically, the relief-from-royalty method was utilized for the completed technology and the excess earnings method was utilized for the customer relationships. The intangible assets are amortized each year based on the ratio that the projected cash flows for the intangible assets bear to the total of current and expected future cash flows for the intangible assets. The completed technology and the customer relationships are expected to be amortized over approximately seven and 15 years, respectively, in each case the estimated lives of the assets. The fair value of deferred revenue was determined using the market approach. The remainder of the purchase price was allocated to goodwill and is not tax deductible.

There are $1.5 million and $3.1 million in revenues from Captricity’s operations included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.

The following summarizes the preliminary allocation of the purchase price for the 2020 acquisitions of Innovest and Captricity. The assets and liabilities pending finalization include the valuation of acquired tangible and intangible assets and the evaluation of taxes (in millions):

	Innovest			Captricity
Accounts receivable	$	6.2		$	0.3
Fixed assets		1.6			—
Other assets		3.2			3.0
Acquired client relationships and contracts		39.2			3.6
Completed technology		20.1			7.0
Trade names		3.6			0.2
Goodwill		53.8			4.6
Accounts payable		(1.1	)		(0.4	)
Accrued employee compensation and benefits		(1.1	)		(0.3	)
Deferred revenue		(1.4	)		(2.1	)
Other liabilities assumed		(4.9	)		(0.8	)
Consideration paid, net of cash acquired	$	119.2		$	15.1

We recorded severance expense related to reductions in headcount in connection with the integration efforts associated with the acquisitions of DST, Eze, Intralinks and Captricity. The amount of severance expense recognized in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was as follows (in millions):

	For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Classification	2020		2019
Cost of software-enabled services	$	20.9	$	3.8
Cost of license, maintenance and other related		1.2		—
Total cost of revenues		22.1		3.8
Selling and marketing		1.5		5.1
Research and development		5.2		1.0
General and administrative		3.2		1.9
Total operating expenses		9.9		8.0
Total severance expense	$	32.0	$	11.8

The following unaudited pro forma information is provided for illustrative purposes only and assumes that the acquisitions of Innovest and Captricity occurred on January 1, 2019 and the acquisitions of Algorithmics and Investrack occurred on January 1, 2018, after giving effect to certain adjustments, including amortization of intangibles, interest, transaction costs and tax effects. This unaudited pro forma information (in millions, except per share data) should not be relied upon as being indicative of the historical results that would have been obtained if the acquisitions had actually occurred on those dates, nor of the results that may be obtained in the future.

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Revenues	$	1,154.8	$	1,177.4	$	3,490.2	$	3,542.7
Net income	$	160.9	$	97.5	$	434.3	$	307.8

Note 6—Goodwill

The change in carrying value of goodwill as of and for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 is as follows (in millions):

Balance at December 31, 2019	$	7,959.9
2020 acquisitions		58.4
Adjustments to prior acquisitions		(4.7	)
Effect of foreign currency translation		(29.4	)
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	7,984.2

Note 7—Debt

At September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, debt consisted of the following (in millions):

	September 30,			December 31,
	2020			2019
Senior secured credit facilities, weighted-average interest rate of 1.90% and 4.05%, respectively	$	4,870.2		$	5,198.7
5.5% senior notes due 2027		2,000.0			2,000.0
Other indebtedness		33.6			25.6
Unamortized original issue discount and debt issuance costs		(59.5	)		(70.2	)
		6,844.3			7,154.1
Less: current portion of long-term debt		77.8			76.3
Long-term debt	$	6,766.5		$	7,077.8

On January 31, 2020, we entered into an amendment (the “Amendment”) to our senior secured credit agreement dated April 16, 2018. Pursuant to the Amendment, the interest rate margin applicable to Term Loan B was reduced from LIBOR plus 2.25% to LIBOR plus 1.75%. No changes were made to the financial covenants, outstanding principal amounts or the scheduled amortization.

The Amendment was evaluated in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification 470-50, Debt-Modifications and Extinguishments, for debt modification and extinguishment accounting. We accounted for the debt re-pricing as a debt modification with respect to amounts that remained obligations of the same lender in the syndicate with minor changes in cash flows and as a debt extinguishment with respect to amounts that were obligations of lenders that exited the syndicate or remained in the syndicate but experienced a change in cash flows of greater than 10%.

We recorded a $2.8 million loss on extinguishment of debt in the three months ended March 31, 2020 in connection with the Amendment. The loss on extinguishment of debt includes the write-off of a portion of the unamortized capitalized financing fees related to our senior secured credit agreement for amounts accounted for as a debt extinguishment, as well as new financing fees for amounts accounted for as a debt modification.

On March 24, 2020, we borrowed $211.0 million under our Revolving Credit Facility as a precautionary measure to increase liquidity and preserve financial flexibility in light of uncertainty resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. We borrowed $35.0 million under the Revolving Credit Facility earlier in March for normal seasonal cash flow needs. We paid off the outstanding borrowings under our Revolving Credit Facility during the second quarter of 2020. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we purchased $60.0 million and $110.0 million principal amount of our Term Loans in privately negotiated transactions, which resulted in a net gains on extinguishment of debt of $0.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively.

Fair Value of Debt

The carrying amounts and fair values of financial instruments are as follows (in millions):

	September 30, 2020				December 31, 2019
	Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
	Amount		Value		Amount		Value
Financial liabilities:
Senior secured credit facilities	$	4,870.2	$	4,709.4	$	5,198.7	$	5,231.7
5.5% senior notes due 2027		2,000.0		2,125.4		2,000.0		2,135.0
Other indebtedness		33.6		33.6		25.6		25.9

The above fair values, which are Level 2 liabilities, were computed based on comparable quoted market prices. The fair values of cash, accounts receivable, net, short-term borrowings, and accounts payable approximate the carrying amounts due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.

Note 8—Stockholders’ Equity

Stock repurchase program

In August 2019, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $500 million of our common stock on the open

market or in privately negotiated transactions. In July 2020, our Board of Directors authorized the renewal and increase of our stock repurchase program, which enables to repurchase up to $750 million in the aggregate of our outstanding common stock. Our authority to repurchase shares under the renewed program will continue until the one-year anniversary of the Board’s authorization, unless earlier terminated by the Board. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we repurchased 3.1 million and 3.6 million shares, respectively, of common stock for approximately $191.9 million and $219.8 million, respectively. During the three and

nine months ended September 30, 2019, we repurchased 1.3 million shares of common stock for approximately $60.3 million. We use the cost method to account for treasury stock purchases. Under the cost method, the price paid for the stock is charged to the treasury stock account.

Dividends

We paid a quarterly cash dividend of $0.125 per share of common stock in March and June of 2020 and $0.14 per share of common stock in September 2020 totaling $99.9 million. We paid a quarterly cash dividend of $0.10 per share of common stock in March, June and September of 2019 totaling $76.0 million.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Accumulated other comprehensive loss balances, net of tax, consists of the following (in millions):

	Interest Rate Swap			Foreign Currency Translation			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance, December 31, 2019	$	(2.8	)	$	(250.2	)	$	(253.0	)
Net current period other comprehensive loss		(2.8	)		(45.9	)		(48.7	)
Balance, September 30, 2020	$	(5.6	)	$	(296.1	)	$	(301.7	)

Adjustments to accumulated other comprehensive loss are as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended September 30,										Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020					2019					2020					2019
	Pretax			Tax Effect		Pretax			Tax Effect		Pretax			Tax Effect		Pretax			Tax Effect
Interest Rate Swap
Unrealized losses on interest rate swaps	$	(1.1	)	$	—	$	(1.3	)	$	0.2	$	(3.8	)	$	1.0	$	(5.6	)	$	1.2
Reclassification of losses into net earnings on interest rate swaps		1.0			—		0.6			—		—			—		1.1			—
Net change in cash flow hedges		(0.1	)		—		(0.7	)		0.2		(3.8	)		1.0		(4.5	)		1.2
Foreign Currency Translation
Current period translation adjustments		69.6			1.1		(62.7	)		0.1		(47.4	)		1.5		(31.6	)		(0.2	)
Net cumulative translation adjustments		69.6			1.1		(62.7	)		0.1		(47.4	)		1.5		(31.6	)		(0.2	)
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	$	69.5		$	1.1	$	(63.4	)	$	0.3	$	(51.2	)	$	2.5	$	(36.1	)	$	1.0

Note 9—Revenues

We generate revenues primarily through our software-enabled services. Our software-enabled services are generally provided under contracts with initial terms of one to five years that require monthly or quarterly payments and are subject to automatic annual renewal at the end of the initial term unless terminated by either party. We also generate revenues by licensing our software to clients through either perpetual or term licenses and by selling maintenance services. We classify license revenues related to sales-based royalty arrangements as term license revenue. Maintenance services are generally provided under annually renewable contracts. Our pricing typically scales as a function of our clients’ assets under management, the complexity of asset classes managed, the volume of transactions and the level of service the client requires. Revenues from professional services consist mostly of services provided on a time and materials basis.

Deferred revenues primarily represent unrecognized fees billed or collected for maintenance and professional services. Deferred revenues are recognized as (or when) we perform under the contract. Deferred revenues are recorded on a net basis with contract assets at the contract level. Accordingly, as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, approximately $52.5 million and $51.8 million, respectively, of deferred revenue is presented net within contract assets arising from the same contracts. The amount of revenues recognized in the period that was included in the opening deferred revenues balance was $58.3 million and $246.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. The amount of revenues recognized in the period that was included in the opening deferred revenues balance was $38.0 million and $184.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

As of September 30, 2020, revenue of approximately $586.2 million is expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations for license, maintenance and related revenues, of which $329.8 million is expected to be recognized over the next twelve months.

We record revenue net of any taxes assessed by governmental authorities.

Revenue Disaggregation

The following table disaggregates our revenues by geography (in millions):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
United States	$	846.1	$	843.1	$	2,545.6	$	2,513.3
United Kingdom		132.2		160.3		430.1		491.5
Europe (excluding United Kingdom), Middle East and Africa		60.6		51.5		183.3		149.0
Asia-Pacific and Japan		52.1		45.8		144.6		145.8
Canada		40.6		26.9		103.6		81.5
Americas, excluding United States and Canada		21.2		16.6		57.3		48.3
Total	$	1,152.8	$	1,144.2	$	3,464.5	$	3,429.4

The following table disaggregates our revenues by source (in millions):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Software-enabled services	$	958.4	$	960.0	$	2,892.9	$	2,894.7
Maintenance and term licenses		168.7		157.9		492.0		443.9
Professional services		23.2		22.0		66.9		63.0
Perpetual licenses		2.5		4.3		12.7		27.8
Total	$	1,152.8	$	1,144.2	$	3,464.5	$	3,429.4

Note 10—Stock Based Compensation

Stock options, SARs and RSUs

The amount of stock-based compensation expense recognized in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 was as follows (in millions):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Classification	2020		2019		2020		2019
Cost of software-enabled services	$	8.3	$	6.8	$	26.1	$	22.4
Cost of license, maintenance and other related		1.3		1.2		3.9		3.8
Total cost of revenues		9.6		8.0		30.0		26.2
Selling and marketing		3.3		2.7		10.2		8.7
Research and development		2.8		2.2		8.4		7.2
General and administrative		5.6		4.2		17.3		13.6
Total operating expenses		11.7		9.1		35.9		29.5
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	21.3	$	17.1	$	65.9	$	55.7

The following table summarizes stock option and stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) activity as well as restricted stock unit (“RSUs”) activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 (shares in millions):

	Stock Options and SARs			RSUs
	Shares			Shares
Outstanding at December 31, 2019		42.1			0.5
Granted		0.6			—
Cancelled/forfeited		(1.2	)		—
Vested		—			(0.3	)
Exercised		(4.5	)		—
Outstanding at September 30, 2020		37.0			0.2

Note 11—Income Taxes

The effective tax rate was 26.9% and 20.0% for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively and 20.9% and 19.9% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The change in the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the respective prior year periods was primarily due to recognition of tax expense related to a law change in the United Kingdom, a proportionate change in the composition of income before income taxes from foreign and domestic tax jurisdictions and recognition of windfall tax benefits from stock awards. The change in the effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the respective prior year period was also impacted by recognition of a state tax benefit related to a law change.

The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (“CARES Act”) was enacted on March 27, 2020 in the United States. We evaluated the provisions of the CARES Act as of March 31, 2020, with no material effect on income taxes in the financial statements. Certain tax provisions of the CARES Act may result in immaterial cash tax benefits.

Note 12—Earnings per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted EPS (in millions, except per share amounts):

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020		2019		2020		2019
Net income	$	159.4	$	95.0	$	428.1	$	296.9

Shares:
Weighted average common shares outstanding — used in calculation of basic EPS		256.7		253.3		256.3		252.7
Weighted average common stock equivalents — stock options and restricted shares		10.0		9.4		9.7		11.4
Weighted average common and common equivalent shares outstanding — used in calculation of diluted EPS		266.7		262.7		266.0		264.1

Earnings per share - Basic	$	0.62	$	0.38	$	1.67	$	1.17
Earnings per share - Diluted	$	0.60	$	0.36	$	1.61	$	1.12

Stock options and SARs representing 9.3 million and 12.1 million shares were outstanding for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because the effect of including them would be anti-dilutive. Stock options and SARs representing 9.5 million and 11.5 million shares were outstanding for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because the effect of including them would be anti-dilutive.

Note 13—Commitments and Contingencies

From time to time, we are subject to legal proceedings and claims. In our opinion, we are not involved in any litigation or proceedings that would have a material adverse effect on us or our business.

Legal Proceedings

A putative representative action suit was filed against DST, the Compensation Committee of DST’s Board of Directors, the Advisory Committee of DST Systems, Inc. 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan (the “Plan”) and certain of DST’s present and/or former officers and directors, alleging breach of fiduciary duties and other violations of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”).

On September 1, 2017, a complaint was filed purportedly on behalf of the Plan in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, captioned Ferguson, et al v. Ruane Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc., et al. (“Ferguson”), naming as defendants DST, the Compensation Committee of DST’s Board of Directors, the Advisory Committee of the Plan and certain of DST’s present and/or former officers and directors (collectively the “DST Defendants”). On September 18, 2019, the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York granted a partial dismissal related to certain claims against the DST Defendants concerning the 401k portion of the Plan. On October 31, 2019, the DST Defendants filed an answer to the amended complaint and asserted crossclaims for contribution and/or indemnification against Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc. (“Ruane”). On January 9, 2020, Ruane filed an amended answer to the amended complaint asserting crossclaims for contribution and/or indemnification against DST. Both DST and Ruane have filed answers denying the crossclaims asserted against them. On April 10, 2020, Plaintiffs filed a motion for leave to file a third amended complaint as well as a motion to certify a class. The DST Defendants did not oppose those motions. The Court ordered supplemental briefing on Plaintiffs’ motion for class certification, which was completed on July 29, 2020. Plaintiffs’ motions for leave to file a third amended complaint and motion to certify a class remain pending as of October 28, 2020.

On July 10, 2020, Plaintiffs and the DST Defendants reached an agreement in principle to settle the putative class claims for $27 million, subject to the occurrence of certain conditions, including: Court certification of a “non-opt-out” class in the case that includes as class members all participants of the Plan, Court approval of the settlement in accordance with applicable law (i.e., including finding there was adequacy of class representation, fairness, adequacy of relief and equal treatment of class members) and the satisfactory resolution of claims made by certain other litigants. On September 18, 2020, the Parties submitted a letter to the Court disclosing that Plaintiffs and Ruane also had reached a settlement in principle, subject to Court approval. If a settlement by the DST Defendants concludes or becomes probable we would recognize a charge for the expected loss in the amount of the settlement. We would also expect to offset that loss in the amount of any remaining insurance covering such loss. Due to the inherent uncertainties associated with the resolution of this litigation, it is not probable that a loss has been incurred as of September 30, 2020.

On September 28, 2018, a complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York captioned Robert Canfield, et al. v. SS&C Technologies Holdings, Inc., et al., on behalf of five individual plaintiffs. On November 5, 2018, a similar complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York captioned Mark Mendon, et al. v. SS&C Technologies Holdings, Inc., et al., on behalf of two individual plaintiffs. These complaints name as defendants SS&C, DST, the Advisory Committee of the Plan, the Compensation Committee of DST’s Board of Directors, and Ruane. The underlying claim in each complaint is the same as in the above-described Ferguson matter, with the exception that these are individual actions and not putative class actions. On February 18, 2020, the DST Defendants moved to disqualify plaintiffs’ counsel in these actions and in nearly all of the Arbitrations described below. Those motions were fully briefed on March 24, 2020. On July 6, 2020, plaintiffs filed a notice of voluntary dismissal, in which they sought to dismiss claims against Ruane with prejudice. On July 10, 2020, the Court entered an order granting the DST Defendants’ motion to disqualify plaintiffs’ counsel from the U.S. federal court cases (the “Cases”). On July 24, 2020, the parties filed memoranda of law addressing the Court’s authority to disqualify plaintiffs’ counsel from the Arbitrations described below, in addition to the Cases. The Court has not yet resolved that issue. On July 24, 2020, plaintiffs moved for reconsideration of the Court’s July 10, 2020 order disqualifying plaintiffs’ counsel in the Cases. Plaintiffs’ motion for reconsideration was fully briefed on August 14, 2020 and remains pending.

DST, the Advisory Committee of the Plan, and the Compensation Committee of DST’s Board of Directors have been named in 486 substantially similar individual demands for arbitration through October 28, 2020, by former and current DST employees demanding arbitration under the DST Employee Arbitration Program and Agreement (the “Arbitrations”). The underlying claim in each is the same as in the above-described Ferguson matter, with the exception that each is an individual claim and not a putative class action. As of October 28, 2020, the parties have jointly submitted 393 of the demands for arbitration to the American Arbitration Association. The remaining demands for arbitration have not yet been submitted. The Arbitrations are at various stages depending on the particular proceeding. Certain of the Arbitrations have been resolved in whole or in part by settlement.

On October 8, 2019, a substantially similar action to the above-described Ferguson, Canfield, Mendon and the Arbitrations, captioned Scalia v. Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc. was filed by the DOL in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York naming as defendants DST, the Advisory Committee of the Plan, the Compensation Committee of DST’s Board of Directors and certain of DST’s former officers and directors (“DST DOL Defendants”), and alleging that the DST DOL Defendants breached fiduciary duties in violation of ERISA in connection with the Plan. The complaint also names as defendants Ruane and its former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Robert D. Goldfarb. In the complaint, the DOL seeks disgorgement, damages and any other appropriate injunctive or equitable relief. On December 10, 2019, the DST DOL Defendants and Ruane filed separate letter motions requesting a pre-motion conference on their anticipated motions to dismiss the complaint. The DOL filed responses on December 13, 2019. Those letter motions remained pending as of October 28, 2020. As of October 28, 2020, the Court has not yet set a schedule for this matter.

We continue to vigorously defend these matters. We have not yet determined what effect these matters will have, if any, on our financial position or results of operations.

Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, or MD&A, is intended to provide readers of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements with the perspectives of management. It presents, in narrative form, information regarding our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and certain other factors that may affect our future results. It should be read in conjunction with our 2019 Form 10-K and the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-Q. We use the term organic to refer to the businesses and operations that are included in the comparable prior year period on a constant currency basis. Organic excludes impact of any business which we acquired for the time period which would impact the comparable prior year period.

The impacts of COVID-19 and related economic conditions on our results are uncertain and, in many respects, outside our control. While we have experienced some client delays in committing to services and products, to date we have experienced no direct material negative effects on our business and results of operations as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The situation remains dynamic and subject to rapid and possibly material change, which ultimately could result in material negative effects on our business and results of operations. In addition, because COVID-19 did not begin to affect our financial results until late in the first quarter of 2020, its impact on our results through September 30, 2020 may not be indicative of its impact on our results for the remainder of 2020 and into 2021. We will continue to evaluate the nature and extent of the potential impacts to our business, consolidated results of operations, liquidity and capital resources. As described below, our organic revenues decreased during the three months ended September 30, 2020; a portion of that decrease was driven by weakness in certain of our products due to the current COVID-19 pandemic and economic environment. There have also been impacts on our expenses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. While certain communications and technology costs have increased to support a primarily remote working environment, overall our organic expenses decreased due to travel restrictions and other related savings associated with the current environment.

Critical Accounting Policies

Certain of our accounting policies require the application of significant judgment by our management, and such judgments are reflected in the amounts reported in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. In applying these policies, our management uses its judgment to determine the appropriate assumptions to be used in the determination of estimates. Those estimates are based on our historical experience, terms of existing contracts, management’s observation of trends in the industry, information provided by our clients and information available from other outside sources, as appropriate. Actual results may differ significantly from the estimates contained in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting estimates and assumptions or the judgments affecting the application of those estimates and assumptions since the filing of our 2019 Form 10-K. Our critical accounting policies are described in the 2019 Form 10-K and include:

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Investments

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Long-Lived Assets, Intangible Assets and Goodwill

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Software Capitalization

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Acquisition Accounting

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Revenue Recognition

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Depreciation of Fixed Assets

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Stock-based Compensation

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Income Taxes

Results of Operations

Revenues

We derive our revenues from two sources: software-enabled services revenues and license, maintenance and related revenues. As a general matter, fluctuations in our software-enabled services revenues are attributable to the number of new software-enabled services clients as well as total assets under management in our clients’ portfolios and the number of outsourced transactions provided to our existing clients. Software-enabled services revenues also fluctuate as a result of reimbursements received for “out-of-pocket” expenses, such as postage and telecommunications charges, which are recorded as revenues on an accrual basis. Because these additional revenues are offset by the reimbursable expenses incurred, there is no impact on gross profit, operating income and net income, however the reimbursements billed and expenses incurred can lead to fluctuations in revenues, cost of revenues and gross margin percentage each period. License, maintenance and related revenues consist primarily of term and perpetual license fees, maintenance fees and professional services. Maintenance revenues vary based on customer retention and on the annual increases in fees, which are generally tied to the consumer price index. License and professional services revenues tend to fluctuate based on the number of new licensing clients, the timing and terms of contract renewals and demand for consulting services.

Our results of operations below include the results of our recent acquisitions from the date which they were acquired, including Investrack in November 2019, Algorithmics in December 2019, Captricity in March 2020 and Innovest in May 2020.

The following table sets forth the percentage of our total revenues represented by each of the following sources of revenues for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Software-enabled services		83.1	%		83.9	%		83.5	%		84.4	%
License, maintenance and related		16.9	%		16.1	%		16.5	%		15.6	%
Total revenues		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%

The following table sets forth revenues (dollars in millions) and percent change in revenues for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Percent Change from Prior Period			Nine Months Ended September 30,				Percent Change from Prior Period
	2020		2019					2020		2019
Software-enabled services	$	958.4	$	960.0		(0.2	)%	$	2,892.9	$	2,894.7		(0.1	)%
License, maintenance and related		194.4		184.2		5.5	%		571.6		534.7		6.9	%
Total revenues	$	1,152.8	$	1,144.2		0.8	%	$	3,464.5	$	3,429.4		1.0	%

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. Our revenues increased $8.6 million, or 0.8%, primarily due our acquisitions, which, combined, contributed $29.9 million in revenues as well as the favorable impact from foreign currency translation of $6.5 million. These increases were partially offset by a decrease of $27.8 million in organic revenues. Software-enabled services revenues decreased $1.6 million, or 0.2%, due to a decrease in organic revenues of $21.8 million. This decrease was partially offset by our acquisitions, which added revenues of $14.1 million as well as the favorable impact from foreign currency translation of $6.1 million. License, maintenance and related revenues increased $10.2 million, or 5.5%, primarily due to our acquisitions, which added revenues of $15.8 million as well as from the favorable impact from foreign currency translation of $0.4 million. The increases in revenues related to acquisitions and foreign currency translation were partially offset by a decrease of $6.0 million in organic revenues.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. Our revenues increased $35.1 million, or 1.0%, primarily due to our acquisitions, which, combined, contributed $73.1 million in revenues. This increase was partially offset by a decrease of $31.9 million in organic revenues and by the unfavorable impact from foreign currency translation of $6.1 million. Software-enabled services revenues decreased $1.8 million due to a decrease in organic revenues of $23.1 million and the unfavorable impact from foreign currency translation of $4.6 million. These decreases were partially offset by our acquisitions, which added revenues of $25.9 million. License, maintenance and related revenues increased $36.9 million, or 6.9%, primarily due to our acquisitions, which added revenues of $47.2 million. The increase in revenues related to acquisitions was partially offset by a decrease of $8.8 million in organic revenues as well as from the unfavorable impact from foreign currency translation of $1.5 million.

Cost of Revenues

Cost of software-enabled services revenues consists primarily of costs related to personnel utilized in providing our software-enabled services and amortization of intangible assets. Cost of license, maintenance and other related revenues consists primarily of the costs related to personnel utilized in servicing our maintenance contracts and to provide implementation, conversion and training services to our software licensees, as well as system integration and custom programming consulting services and amortization of intangible assets.

The following tables set forth each of the following cost of revenues as a percentage of their respective revenue source for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Cost of software-enabled services		57.6	%		59.2	%		58.2	%		59.7	%
Cost of license, maintenance and related		39.8	%		40.6	%		41.3	%		42.2	%
Total cost of revenues		54.6	%		56.2	%		55.5	%		57.0	%
Gross margin percentage		45.4	%		43.8	%		44.5	%		43.0	%

The following table sets forth cost of revenues (dollars in millions) and percent change in cost of revenues for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Percent Change from Prior Period			Nine Months Ended September 30,				Percent Change from Prior Period
	2020		2019					2020		2019
Cost of software-enabled services	$	551.6	$	567.9		(2.9	)%	$	1,685.0	$	1,727.9		(2.5	)%
Cost of license, maintenance and related		77.3		74.8		3.3	%		236.3		225.8		4.7	%
Total cost of revenues	$	628.9	$	642.7		(2.1	)%	$	1,921.3	$	1,953.7		(1.7	)%

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. Our total cost of revenues decreased by $13.8 million, or 2.1%, primarily due to a decrease in organic cost of revenues of $33.8 million. This decrease was partially offset by $17.2 million of additional costs from our acquisitions and the unfavorable impact from foreign currency translation, which increased costs by $2.8 million. Organic cost of revenues decreased primarily due to reductions in personnel-related expenses as a result of reductions in headcount that occurred in the three months ended March 31, 2020 in connection with continued integration efforts within our recently acquired businesses. Organic cost of revenues such as travel, entertainment, independent contractors, outside services, consulting, out-of-pocket expenses and depreciation and amortization also declined. Cost of software-enabled services revenues decreased $16.3 million, or 2.9%, primarily due to a decrease in organic cost of revenues of $28.6 million. This decrease was partially offset by increases from our acquisitions, which added $9.9 million in costs and the unfavorable impact from foreign currency translation, which increased costs by $2.4 million. Cost of license, maintenance and related revenues increased $2.5 million, or 3.3%, primarily due to our acquisitions, which added $7.3 million in costs as well as the unfavorable impact from foreign currency translation, which increased costs by $0.4 million, partially offset by the decrease in organic cost of license, maintenance and related revenues of $5.2 million.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. Our total cost of revenues decreased by $32.4 million, or 1.7%, primarily due to a decrease in organic cost of revenues of $64.6 million and the favorable impact from foreign currency translation, which reduced costs by $6.5 million. Organic cost of revenues such as travel, entertainment, independent contractors, outside services, consulting, out-of-pocket expenses and depreciation and amortization declined. These decreases were partially offset by increases from our acquisitions, which added $38.7 million in costs. Cost of software-enabled services revenues decreased $42.9 million, or 2.5%, primarily due to a decrease in organic cost of revenues of $54.9 million and the favorable impact from foreign currency translation, which reduced costs by $5.4 million. These decreases were partially offset by increases from our acquisitions, which added $17.4 million in costs. Cost of license, maintenance and related revenues increased $10.5 million, or 4.7%, primarily due to our acquisitions, which added $21.3 million in costs, partially offset by the decrease in organic cost of license, maintenance and related revenues of $9.7 million as well as the favorable impact from foreign currency translation, which reduced costs by $1.1 million.

Operating Expenses

Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of the personnel costs associated with the selling and marketing of our products, including salaries, commissions and travel and entertainment. Such expenses also include amortization of intangible assets, the cost of branch sales offices, trade shows and marketing and promotional materials. Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs attributable to the enhancement of existing products and the development of new software products. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs related to management, accounting and finance, information management, human resources and administration and associated overhead costs, as well as fees for professional services.

The following table sets forth the percentage of our total revenues represented by each of the following operating expenses for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Selling and marketing		7.4	%		7.7	%		7.5	%		7.6	%
Research and development		8.4	%		8.3	%		8.6	%		8.3	%
General and administrative		7.4	%		7.9	%		7.7	%		8.1	%
Total operating expenses		23.2	%		23.9	%		23.8	%		24.0	%

The following table sets forth operating expenses (dollars in millions) and percent change in operating expenses for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,				Percent Change from Prior Period			Nine Months Ended September 30,				Percent Change from Prior Period
	2020		2019					2020		2019
Selling and marketing	$	85.2	$	88.0		(3.2	)%	$	260.9	$	261.3		(0.2	)%
Research and development		97.0		94.9		2.2	%		298.7		283.3		5.4	%
General and administrative		84.7		91.0		(6.9	)%		266.5		278.0		(4.1	)%
Total operating expenses	$	266.9	$	273.9		(2.6	)%	$	826.1	$	822.6		0.4	%

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. Operating expenses decreased $7.0 million, or 2.6%, primarily due to a decrease in travel, entertainment, independent contractors, consulting, advertising and marketing as well as lower amortization of intangible assets. These decreases were partially offset by our acquisitions, which added $15.9 million in expenses as well as the unfavorable impact from foreign currency translation, which increased costs by $1.2 million.

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019. Operating expenses increased $3.5 million, or 0.4%, primarily due to our acquisitions, which added $43.7 million in expenses. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in travel, entertainment, consulting, independent contractors, legal settlements and professional fees as well as lower amortization of intangible assets. The favorable impact from foreign currency translation reduced costs by $4.7 million.

Comparison of the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 for Interest, Taxes and Other

Interest expense, net. We had net interest expense of $54.7 million and $192.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively compared to $98.5 million and $304.4 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. The decrease in interest expense, net for 2020 as compared to 2019 relates primarily to lower average interest rates as well as lower average debt balances. These facilities are discussed further in “Liquidity and Capital Resources”.

Other income (expense), net. We had other income, net of $15.1 million and $18.8 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, other income, net included investment gains of $11.8 million and $17.3 million, respectively. The remaining portion of other income, net consisted primarily of foreign currency transaction gains and losses. We had other (expense) income, net of $(10.3) million and $27.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, other income (expense), net included investment losses of $10.5 million and investment gains of $26.5 million, respectively. The majority of the remaining portion of other income, net consisted primarily of foreign currency transaction gains and losses.

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net. We had equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of $0.2 million and $(0.1) million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively, compared to $(0.1) million and $2.1 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.

Gain (loss) on extinguishment of debt. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, we purchased $60.0 million and $110.0 million principal amount of our Term Loans in privately negotiated transactions, which resulted in a net gains on extinguishment of debt of $0.4 million and $0.6 million, respectively. These gains were offset by a $2.8 million loss on extinguishment of debt in the nine months ended September 30, 2020 primarily related to the amendment to our senior secured credit agreement. The loss on extinguishment of debt includes the write-off of a portion of the unamortized capitalized financing fees related to the senior secured credit agreement for amounts accounted for as a debt extinguishment, as well as new financing fees related to amounts accounted for as a debt modification. We recorded a $7.1 million loss on extinguishment of debt in the nine months ended

September 30, 2019 in connection with the repayment of a portion of our Term Loans with the proceeds from the issuance of our Senior Notes. The loss on extinguishment of debt includes costs incurred by us which did not meet the criteria for capitalization. The Senior Notes are discussed further in “Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Provision for income taxes. The following table sets forth the provision for income taxes (dollars in millions) and effective tax rates for the periods indicated:

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2020			2019			2020			2019
Provision for income taxes	$	58.6		$	23.7		$	112.9		$	73.9
Effective tax rate		26.9	%		20.0	%		20.9	%		19.9	%

Our effective tax rates for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019 differ from the statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to foreign income that is being taxed in the U.S. offset by foreign tax credits that are being limited, the recognition of windfall tax benefits from stock awards and tax expense on the establishment of valuation allowances. The change in the effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the prior year was primarily due to recognition of tax expense related to a law change in the United Kingdom and a proportionate change in the composition of income before income taxes from foreign and domestic tax jurisdictions, partially offset by recognition of windfall tax benefits from stock awards. The change in the effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 compared to the prior year was primarily due to the recognition of tax expense related to a law change in the United Kingdom, a proportionate change in the composition of income before income taxes from foreign and domestic tax jurisdictions, a state tax benefit related to a law change and recognition of windfall tax benefits from stock awards. While we have income from multiple foreign sources, the majority of our non-U.S. operations are in the U.K. and India, where we anticipate the statutory tax rates to be 19.0% and 29.1%, respectively, in 2020. A future change in the composition of income before income taxes from foreign and domestic tax jurisdictions could impact our periodic effective tax rate.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal cash requirements are to finance the costs of our operations pending the billing and collection of client receivables, to fund payments with respect to our indebtedness, to invest in research and development, to acquire complementary businesses or assets and to pay dividends on our common stock. We expect our cash on hand, cash flows from operations and cash available under our senior secured credit agreement to provide sufficient liquidity to fund our current obligations, projected working capital requirements and capital spending for at least the next twelve months. We continue to evaluate and take action, as necessary, to preserve adequate liquidity. This includes limiting discretionary spending across the organization and re-prioritizing our capital projects amid the COVID-19 pandemic.

In March 2020, we purchased all of the outstanding stock of Captricity, Inc. for approximately $15.1 million in cash, net of cash acquired, plus the costs of effecting the transaction and the assumption of certain liabilities. In May 2020, we purchased all of the outstanding stock of Innovest Systems, Inc. for approximately $99.1 million in cash, net of cash acquired and 0.4 million shares of our common stock, plus the costs of effecting the transaction and the assumption of certain liabilities.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we paid quarterly cash dividends of $0.125 per share of common stock in March and June of 2020 and $0.14 per share of common stock in September of 2020, totaling $99.9 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we paid quarterly cash dividends of $0.10 per share of common stock for each quarter totaling $76.0 million.

Client funds obligations include our transfer agency client balances invested overnight as well as our contractual obligations to remit funds to satisfy client pharmacy claim obligations and are recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet when incurred, generally after a claim has been processed by us. Our contractual obligations to remit funds to satisfy client obligations are primarily sourced by funds held on behalf of clients. We had $781.5 million of client funds obligations at September 30, 2020.

Cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities, as reflected in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, are summarized in the following table (in millions):

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
Net cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash provided by (used in):	2020			2019			Change From Prior Year
Operating activities	$	755.1		$	755.0		$	0.1
Investing activities		(195.9	)		(40.3	)		(155.6	)
Financing activities		(1,477.7	)		(715.3	)		(762.4	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(2.0	)		(1.8	)		(0.2	)
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(920.5	)	$	(2.4	)	$	(918.1	)

2020 versus 2019

Net cash provided by operating activities was $755.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Cash provided by operating activities primarily resulted from net income of $428.1 million adjusted for non-cash items of $506.6 million, offset by changes in our working capital accounts (excluding the effect of acquisitions) totaling $179.6 million. The changes in our working capital accounts were driven by an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets, decreases in accrued expenses and other liabilities, a decrease in deferred revenues, a decrease in accounts payable and an increase in contract assets, partially offset by changes in income taxes prepaid and payable and a decrease in accounts receivable. The increase in prepaid expenses and other assets was primarily due to an incentive payment made in connection with a client contract extension during the three months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease in accounts payable was primarily due to the timing of payments. The decrease in accrued expenses and other liabilities was primarily due to the payment of annual employee bonuses in the first quarter of 2020. The decrease in deferred revenue was primarily due to the recognition of revenue associated with a multi-year license agreement where we received payment in 2019 as well as the revenue associated with annual maintenance fees. The change in income taxes prepaid and payable is primarily driven by the timing of tax payments. The decrease in accounts receivable was primarily due to a decrease in days’ sales outstanding.

Investing activities used net cash of $195.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily related to $113.5 million in cash paid for business acquisitions (net of cash acquired), $60.8 million in investments in securities, $54.6 million in capitalized software development costs and $25.4 million in capital expenditures, partially offset by proceeds from sales and maturities of investments of $50.8 million and the collection of other non-current receivables of $7.6 million.

Financing activities used net cash of $1,477.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, representing a net decrease in client funds obligations of $949.2 million, net repayments of debt of $330.3 million, $219.8 million of purchases of common stock for treasury, $99.9 million in quarterly dividends paid and $8.1 million in withholding taxes paid related to equity award net share settlements. These payments were partially offset by proceeds of $129.6 million from stock option exercises.

2019 versus 2018

Our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents, including amounts held on behalf of clients, were $1,110.9 million at September 30, 2019, a decrease of $2.4 million from $1,113.3 million at December 31, 2018.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $755.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Cash provided by operating activities primarily resulted from net income of $296.9 million adjusted for non-cash items of $558.8 million, partially offset by changes in our working capital accounts (excluding the effect of acquisitions) totaling $100.7 million. The changes in our working capital accounts were driven by a decrease in accrued expenses, an increase in contract assets and changes in income taxes prepaid and payable, partially offset by decreases in prepaid expenses and other assets, increase in deferred revenues, a decrease in accounts receivable and an increase in accounts payable. The decrease in accrued expenses was primarily due to the payment of annual employee bonuses in the first quarter of 2019. The increase in contract assets was primarily due to new term license deals. The decrease in accounts receivable was primarily due to a decrease in days’ sales outstanding. The decrease in prepaid expenses and other assets and the increase in accounts payable were primarily due to the timing of payments. The increase in deferred revenues is related to a multi-year $250.0 million license agreement signed in the third quarter of 2019 with an up-front payment of $48.0 million, which we received in the three months ended September 30, 2019.

Investing activities used net cash of $40.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, primarily related to $51.1 million in capitalized software development costs and $48.0 million in capital expenditures, partially offset by proceeds from sales and maturities of investments of $46.1 million, the collection of other non-current receivables of $7.7 million, cash received of $3.2 million related to purchase price adjustments for prior acquisitions and $2.1 million in proceeds from unconsolidated affiliates.

Financing activities used net cash of $715.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, representing net repayments of debt totaling $629.1 million, $76.0 million in quarterly dividends paid, $60.3 million in treasury stock repurchases, $19.2 million in withholding taxes paid related to equity award net share settlements and the payment of $6.0 million in fees related to debt extinguishment and refinancing activities. These payments were partially offset by proceeds of $74.5 million from stock option exercises and a net increase in client funds obligations of $0.8 million.

We have made a permanent reinvestment determination in certain non-U.S. operations that have historically generated positive operating cash flows. At September 30, 2020, we held approximately $110.9 million in cash and cash equivalents at non-U.S. subsidiaries where we had made such a determination and in turn, no provision for foreign withholding, foreign local, or U.S. state income taxes had been made. At September 30, 2020, we held approximately $87.0 million in cash that was available to our foreign borrowers under our senior secured credit facility and will be used to facilitate debt servicing of those entities.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.

Senior Secured Credit Facilities

On January 31, 2020, we entered into an amendment (“the Amendment”) to our senior secured credit agreement (“Amended Senior Secured Credit Agreement”), whereby the interest rate margin applicable to the term loans was reduced from LIBOR plus 2.25% to LIBOR plus 1.75%. No changes were made to the financial covenants, outstanding principal amounts or the scheduled amortization.

As of September 30, 2020, there was $1,811.3 million in principal amount outstanding under the Term B-3 Loan, $1,272.6 million in principal amount outstanding under the Term B-4 Loan and $1,786.3 million in principal amount outstanding under the Term B-5 Loan. There were no principal amounts outstanding under the Term B-1 Loan or Term B-2 Loan. In addition, the Amended Senior Secured Credit Agreement has a revolving credit facility with a five-year term available for borrowings by SS&C with $250 million in available commitments (“Revolving Credit Facility”), of which $246.1 million was available as of September 30, 2020. The Revolving Credit Facility also contains a $25 million letter of credit sub-facility, of which $3.9 million was utilized as of September 30, 2020.

We are required to make scheduled quarterly payments of 0.25% of the original principal amount of the Term B-3 Loan, Term B-4 Loan and Term B-5 Loan, with the balance due and payable on April 16, 2025. No amortization is required under the Revolving Credit Facility. We may also, from time to time in our sole discretion, purchase, redeem, or retire our existing term loans, through tender offers, in privately negotiated or open market transactions, or otherwise.

Our obligations under the Term Loans are guaranteed by (i) our existing and future U.S. wholly-owned restricted subsidiaries, in the case of the Term B-3 Loan, Term B-5 Loan and the Revolving Credit Facility and (ii) our existing and future wholly-owned restricted subsidiaries, in the case of the Term B-4 Loan.

The obligations of the U.S. loan parties under the Amended Senior Secured Credit Agreement are secured by substantially all of the assets of such persons (subject to customary exceptions and limitations), including a pledge of all of the capital stock of substantially all of the U.S. wholly-owned restricted subsidiaries of such persons (with customary exceptions and limitations) and 65% of the capital stock of certain foreign restricted subsidiaries of such persons (with customary exceptions and limitations). All obligations of the non-U.S. loan parties under the Amended Senior Secured Credit Agreement are secured by substantially all of our and the other guarantors’ assets (subject to customary exceptions and limitations), including a pledge of all of the capital stock of substantially all of our wholly-owned restricted subsidiaries (with customary exceptions and limitations).

The Amended Senior Secured Credit Agreement includes negative covenants that, among other things and subject to certain thresholds and exceptions, limit our ability and the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to incur debt or liens, make investments (including in the form of loans and acquisitions), merge, liquidate or dissolve, sell property and assets, including capital stock of our subsidiaries, pay dividends on our capital stock or redeem, repurchase or retire our capital stock, alter the business we conduct, amend, prepay, redeem or purchase subordinated debt, or engage in transactions with our affiliates. The Amended Senior Secured Credit Agreement also contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants and events of default, subject to customary thresholds and exceptions. In addition, the Amended Senior Secured Credit Agreement contains a financial covenant for the benefit of the Revolving Credit Facility requiring us to maintain a minimum consolidated net secured leverage ratio. In addition, under the Amended Senior Secured Credit Agreement, certain defaults under agreements governing other material indebtedness could result in an event of default under the Amended Senior Secured Credit Agreement, in which case the lenders could elect to accelerate payments under the Amended Senior Secured Credit Agreement and terminate any commitments they have to provide future borrowings.

Senior Notes

On March 28, 2019, we issued $2,000.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.5% Senior Notes due 2027 (“Senior Notes”), the proceeds of which were used to repay a portion of the outstanding Term B-3 Loan under our existing senior secured credit facilities. The Senior Notes are guaranteed, jointly and severally, by SS&C Holdings and all of its existing and future domestic restricted subsidiaries that guarantee our existing senior secured credit facilities or certain other indebtedness. The Senior Notes are unsecured senior obligations that are equal in right of payment to all of our existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness. Interest on the Senior Notes is payable on March 30 and September 30 of each year.

At any time prior to March 30, 2022, we may, at our option, redeem the Senior Notes, in whole or in part, at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes, plus an applicable “make-whole” premium, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. At any time on or after March 30, 2022, we may redeem some or all of the Senior Notes, in whole or in part, at the redemption prices set forth in the indenture governing the Senior Notes plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date. In addition, at any time on or before March 30, 2022, we may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes at a redemption price equal to 105.5% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date, with the net proceeds of one or more equity offerings.

The indenture governing the Senior Notes contains a number of covenants that restrict, subject to certain thresholds and exceptions, our ability and the ability of our domestic restricted subsidiaries to incur debt or liens, make certain investments, pay dividends, dispose of certain assets, or enter into transactions with its affiliates. Any event of default under the Amended Senior Secured Credit Agreement that leads to an acceleration of those amounts due also results in a default under the indenture governing the Senior Notes.

As of September 30, 2020, there was $2,000.0 million in principal amount of Senior Notes outstanding.

Other Indebtedness

In connection with the acquisition of DST, we assumed a mortgage, which matures in October 2020 (“U.K. Mortgage”). The outstanding amount under the U.K. Mortgage was $20.7 million at September 30, 2020 with a fixed interest rate of 3.1% and was paid in full in October 2020.

Covenant Compliance

Under the Revolving Credit Facility portion of the Amended Senior Secured Credit Agreement, we are required to satisfy and maintain a specified financial ratio at the end of each fiscal quarter if the sum of (i) outstanding amount of all loans under the Revolving Credit Facility and (ii) all non-cash collateralized letters of credit issued under the Revolving Credit Facility in excess of $20 million is equal to or greater than 30% of the total commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility. Our ability to meet this financial ratio can be affected by events beyond our control, and we cannot assure you that we will meet this ratio. Any breach of this covenant could result in an event of default under the Amended Senior Secured Credit Agreement. Upon the occurrence of any event of default under the Amended Senior Secured Credit Agreement, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under the Amended Senior Secured Credit Agreement to be immediately due and payable and terminate all commitments to extend further credit. Any default and subsequent acceleration of payments under the Amended Senior Secured Credit Agreement would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. Additionally, under the Amended Senior Secured Credit Agreement, our ability to engage in activities such as incurring additional indebtedness, making investments and paying dividends is also tied to baskets and ratios based on Consolidated EBITDA.

Consolidated EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure used in key financial covenants contained in the Amended Senior Secured Credit Agreement, which is the material facility supporting our capital structure and providing liquidity to our business. Consolidated EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”), further adjusted to exclude unusual items and other adjustments permitted in calculating covenant compliance under the Amended Senior Secured Credit Agreement. We believe that the inclusion of supplementary adjustments to EBITDA applied in presenting Consolidated EBITDA is appropriate to provide additional information to investors to demonstrate compliance with the specified financial ratio and other financial condition tests contained in the Amended Senior Secured Credit Agreement.

Management uses Consolidated EBITDA to gauge the costs of our capital structure on a day-to-day basis when full financial statements are unavailable. Management further believes that providing this information allows our investors greater transparency and a better understanding of our ability to meet our debt service obligations and make capital expenditures.

Consolidated EBITDA does not represent net income or cash flow from operations as those terms are defined by generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, and does not necessarily indicate whether cash flows will be sufficient to fund cash needs. Further, the Amended Senior Secured Credit Agreement requires that Consolidated EBITDA be calculated for the most recent four fiscal quarters. As a result, the measure can be disproportionately affected by a particularly strong or weak quarter. Further, it may not be comparable to the measure for any subsequent four-quarter period or any complete fiscal year.

Consolidated EBITDA is not a recognized measurement under GAAP and investors should not consider Consolidated EBITDA as a substitute for measures of our financial performance and liquidity as determined in accordance with GAAP, such as net income, operating income or net cash provided by operating activities. Because other companies may calculate Consolidated EBITDA differently than we do, Consolidated EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Consolidated EBITDA has other limitations as an analytical tool, when compared to the use of net income, which is the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, including:

•

Consolidated EBITDA does not reflect the significant interest expense we incur as a result of our debt leverage;

•

Consolidated EBITDA does not reflect the provision of income tax expense in our various jurisdictions;

•

Consolidated EBITDA does not reflect any attribution of costs to our operations related to our investments and capital expenditures through depreciation and amortization charges;

•

Consolidated EBITDA does not reflect the cost of compensation we provide to our employees in the form of stock-based awards;

•

Consolidated EBITDA does not reflect the equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates; and

•

Consolidated EBITDA excludes expenses and income that are permitted to be excluded per the terms of our Amended Senior Secured Credit Agreement, but which others may believe are normal expenses for the operation of a business.

The following is a reconciliation of net income to Consolidated EBITDA as defined in our Amended Senior Secured Credit Agreement.

	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,						Twelve Months Ended September 30,
(in millions)	2020			2019			2020			2019			2020
Net income	$	159.4		$	95.0		$	428.1		$	296.9		$	569.7
Interest expense, net		54.7			98.5			192.6			304.4			293.1
Provision for income taxes		58.6			23.7			112.9			73.9			132.2
Depreciation and amortization		180.0			190.1			544.1			582.8			736.4
EBITDA		452.7			407.3			1,277.7			1,258.0			1,731.4
Stock-based compensation		21.3			17.1			65.9			55.7			82.6
Acquired EBITDA and cost savings (1)		—			5.5			2.3			39.8			8.0
Non-cash portion of straight-line rent expense		0.1			(0.1	)		(0.2	)		0.3			(0.3	)
(Gain) loss on extinguishment of debt		(0.4	)		—			2.2			7.1			2.2
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net		(0.2	)		0.1			0.1			(2.1	)		(1.4	)
Purchase accounting adjustments (2)		1.5			1.9			5.2			12.4			6.8
ASC 606 adoption impact		1.5			4.1			4.4			12.3			11.1
Other (3)		(10.2	)		15.4			22.9			(6.3	)		36.3
Consolidated EBITDA	$	466.3		$	451.3		$	1,380.5		$	1,377.2		$	1,876.7

________________________

(1)	Acquired EBITDA reflects the EBITDA impact of significant businesses that were acquired during the period as if the acquisition occurred at the beginning of the period, as well as cost savings enacted in connection with acquisitions.

(2)

Purchase accounting adjustments include (a) an adjustment to increase revenues by the amount that would have been recognized if deferred revenue were not adjusted to fair value at the date of acquisitions, (b) an adjustment to increase personnel and commissions expense by the amount that would have been recognized if prepaid commissions and deferred personnel costs were not adjusted to fair value at the date of the acquisitions and (c) an adjustment to increase rent expense by the amount that would have been recognized if lease obligations were not adjusted to fair value at the date of acquisitions.

(3)

Other includes expenses and income that are permitted to be excluded per the terms of our Amended Senior Secured Credit Agreement from Consolidated EBITDA, a financial measure used in calculating our covenant compliance. These include expenses and income related to foreign currency transactions, investment gains and losses, facilities and workforce restructuring, legal settlements, business acquisitions and other items.

Our covenant requirement for consolidated net secured leverage ratio and the actual ratio as of September 30, 2020 are as follows:

Covenant

Requirement

Actual

Ratio

Maximum consolidated net secured leverage to

Consolidated EBITDA ratio⁽¹⁾

6.75x

2.52x

________________________

(1)

Calculated as the ratio of consolidated net secured funded indebtedness, net of cash and cash equivalents, to Consolidated EBITDA, as defined by the Amended Senior Secured Credit Agreement, for the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters ended on the measurement date. Consolidated net secured funded indebtedness is comprised of indebtedness for borrowed money, letters of credit, deferred purchase price obligations and capital lease obligations, all of which is secured by liens on our property.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncement

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. ASU 2016-13 requires companies to measure credit losses utilizing a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires a consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. Application of ASU 2016-13 is through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the effective date. Upon adoption, ASU 2016-13 did not have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Recent Accounting Pronouncement Not Yet Effective

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. We have generally invested our available cash in short-term, highly liquid financial instruments, having initial maturities of three months or less. When necessary, we have borrowed to fund acquisitions.

Interest Rate Risk

We derive service revenues from investment earnings related to cash balances maintained in bank accounts on which we are the agent for clients. The balances maintained in the bank accounts will fluctuate. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, we had average daily cash balances of approximately $2,467.0 million maintained in such accounts. We estimate that a 100 basis point change in the interest earnings rate would equal approximately $9.6 million of net income, net of income taxes, on an annual basis.

The effect of changes in interest rates attributable to earnings derived from cash balances we hold for clients is offset by changes in interest rates on our variable debt.

At September 30, 2020, we had total variable interest rate debt of approximately $4,870.2 million. As of September 30, 2020, a 1% increase in interest rates would result in an increase in interest expense of approximately $48.7 million per year.

Equity Price Risk

We have exposure to equity price risk as a result of our investments in equity securities. Equity price risk results from changes in the level or volatility of equity prices which affect the value of equity securities or instruments that derive their value from such securities or indexes. The fair value of our investments that are subject to equity price risk as of September 30, 2020 was approximately $81.5 million. The impact of a 10% change in fair value of these investments would have been approximately $6.0 million to net income, net of income taxes. Changes in equity values of our investments could have a material effect on our results of operations and our financial position.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, approximately 27% of our revenues were from clients located outside the United States. A portion of the revenues from clients located outside the United States is denominated in foreign currencies, the majority being the British pound. While revenues and expenses of our foreign operations are primarily denominated in their respective local currencies, some subsidiaries do enter into certain transactions in currencies that are different from their local currency. These transactions consist primarily of cross-currency intercompany balances and trade receivables and payables. As a result of these transactions, we have exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates that result in foreign currency transaction gains and losses, which we report in other income (expense). These amounts were not material for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The amount of these balances can fluctuate in the future as we bill customers and buy products or services in currencies other than our functional currency, which could increase our exposure to foreign currency exchange rates. We continue to monitor our exposure to foreign exchange rates because of our acquisitions and changes in our operations. We do not enter into any market risk sensitive instruments for trading purposes.

The foregoing risk management discussion and the effect thereof are forward-looking statements. Actual results in the future may differ materially from these projected results due to actual developments in global financial markets. The analytical methods used by us to assess and minimize risk discussed above should not be considered projections of future events or losses.

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer (our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, respectively), evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2020. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2020, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2020 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

The information regarding certain legal proceedings in which we are involved as set forth in Note 13 – Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q) is incorporated by reference into this Item 1.

In addition, we are involved in various other legal proceedings arising in the normal course of our businesses. At this time, we do not believe any material losses under these claims to be probable. While the ultimate outcome of such legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, it is in the opinion of management, after consultation with legal counsel, that the final outcome in such proceedings, in the aggregate, would not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

As of the date of this report, there have been no material changes to the risk factors we previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 and our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the three months ended March 31, 2020.

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

The following is a summary of the repurchases of our common stock in the third quarter of 2020 (in millions, except average price per share):

Period (1)	(a) Total Number of Shares Purchased (2)		(b) Average Price Paid per Share		(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs (3)		(d) Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under Plans or Programs (3)
July 1, 2020 – July 31, 2020		0.2	$	57.05		0.2	$	650.6
August 1, 2020 – August 31, 2020		2.6	$	61.75		2.6	$	489.3
September 1, 2020 – September 30, 2020		0.3	$	61.64		0.3	$	469.9
Total		3.1				3.1

(1)

Information is based on trade dates of repurchase transactions.

(2)

Represents shares repurchased in open market transactions pursuant to the Common Stock Repurchase Program

(3)

Share repurchases were made pursuant to our Common Stock Repurchase Program authorized by our Board of Directors in July 2020. The program allows for the purchase of up to $750 million of outstanding common stock in one or more transactions on the open market or in privately negotiated purchases.

Item 6.

Exhibits

The exhibits listed in the Exhibit Index immediately preceding such exhibits are filed as part of this Report.

EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit Number		Description of Exhibit

31.1		Certification of the Registrant’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2		Certification of the Registrant’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32		Certification of the Registrant’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished and not filed for purposes of sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act and section 18 of the Exchange Act)

101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.*

101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.*

101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document.*

101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document.*

101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document.*

101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.*

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).*

*	Filed herewith.

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

SS&C TECHNOLOGIES HOLDINGS, INC.

By:		/s/ Patrick J. Pedonti
		Patrick J. Pedonti Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Duly Authorized Officer, Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Date: November 4, 2020