SS&C Technologies Holdings Inc - Quarter Report: 2022 June (Form 10-Q)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q


☒		QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2022


☐		TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-34675

SS&C TECHNOLOGIES HOLDINGS, INC.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

71-0987913

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

80 Lamberton Road

Windsor, CT 06095

(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)

860-298-4500

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):


Large accelerated filer	☒	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☐	Smaller reporting company	☐
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:


Title of each class	Trading Symbol	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share	SSNC	The Nasdaq Global Select Market

There were 255,026,351 shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of July 28, 2022.

SS&C TECHNOLOGIES HOLDINGS, INC.

INDEX


		Page Number

PART 1. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements (unaudited)		3

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021		3

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021		4

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021		5

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021		6

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements		9

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations		21

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk		30

Item 4. Controls and Procedures		31

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings		32

Item 1A. Risk Factors		32

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds		32

Item 6. Exhibits		33

EXHIBIT INDEX		33

SIGNATURE		34

SS&C Technologies Holdings, Inc., or “SS&C Holdings,” is our top-level holding company. SS&C Technologies, Inc., or “SS&C,” is our primary operating company and a wholly-owned subsidiary of SS&C Technologies Holdings, Inc. “We,” “us,” “our” and the “Company” mean SS&C Technologies Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, including SS&C.

This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. For this purpose, any statements contained herein that are not statements of historical fact may be deemed to be forward-looking statements. Without limiting the foregoing, the words “believes”, “anticipates”, “plans”, “expects”, “estimates”, “projects”, “forecasts”, “may”, “assume”, “intend”, “will”, “continue”, “opportunity”, “predict”, “potential”, “future”, “guarantee”, “likely”, “target”, “indicate”, “would”, “could” and “should” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. The important factors discussed under the caption “Risk Factors” in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 25, 2022, among others, could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by forward-looking statements made herein and presented elsewhere by management from time to time. We do not undertake an obligation to update its forward-looking statements to reflect future events or circumstances.

PART I

Item 1. Financial Statements

SS&C TECHNOLOGIES HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In millions, except per share data) (Unaudited)


	June 30,			December 31,
	2022			2021
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	438.3		$	564.0
Funds receivable and funds held on behalf of clients		1,620.3			2,755.7
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $21.6 and $17.9, respectively		826.3			713.4
Contract asset		31.6			27.4
Prepaid expenses and other current assets		166.1			187.5
Restricted cash and cash equivalents		3.3			4.2
Total current assets		3,085.9			4,252.2
Property, plant and equipment, net (Note 2)		356.5			382.0
Operating lease right-of-use assets		278.2			291.2
Investments (Note 3)		160.1			172.8
Unconsolidated affiliates (Note 4)		308.2			306.1
Contract asset		86.5			77.9
Goodwill (Note 6)		8,866.8			8,045.5
Intangible and other assets, net of accumulated amortization of $3,146.7 and $2,890.5, respectively		4,358.1			3,805.3
Total assets	$	17,500.3		$	17,333.0
Liabilities, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest and Stockholders’ Equity
Current liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt (Note 7)	$	57.8		$	47.4
Client funds obligations		1,620.3			2,755.7
Accounts payable		54.5			28.7
Income taxes payable		—			25.5
Accrued employee compensation and benefits		196.7			322.2
Interest payable		27.5			27.5
Other accrued expenses		347.4			310.1
Deferred revenues		471.6			334.0
Total current liabilities		2,775.8			3,851.1
Long-term debt, net of current portion (Note 7)		7,234.5			5,901.5
Operating lease liabilities		253.8			268.2
Other long-term liabilities		250.5			254.0
Deferred income taxes		871.5			835.0
Total liabilities		11,386.1			11,109.8
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14)
Redeemable noncontrolling interest (Note 3)		2.1			—
Stockholders’ equity (Note 8):
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share, 5.0 million shares authorized; no shares issued		—			—
Class A non-voting common stock, $0.01 par value per share, 5.0 million shares authorized; no shares issued		—			—
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share, 400.0 million shares authorized; 270.3 million shares and 269.1 million shares issued, respectively, and 255.0 million shares and 256.0 million shares outstanding, respectively		2.7			2.7
Additional paid-in capital		5,039.3			4,895.7
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(505.0	)		(242.0	)
Retained earnings		2,473.3			2,293.0
		7,010.3			6,949.4
Less: cost of common stock in treasury, 15.4 and 13.1 million shares, respectively		(954.9	)		(784.0	)
Total SS&C stockholders’ equity		6,055.4			6,165.4
Noncontrolling interest (Note 9)		56.7			57.8
Total stockholders’ equity		6,112.1			6,223.2
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest and stockholders’ equity	$	17,500.3		$	17,333.0

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

SS&C TECHNOLOGIES HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(In millions, except per share data) (Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
Revenues:
Software-enabled services	$	1,070.7		$	1,057.1		$	2,155.9		$	2,100.5
License, maintenance and related		258.0			201.9			467.8			391.9
Total revenues		1,328.7			1,259.0			2,623.7			2,492.4
Cost of revenues:
Software-enabled services		610.3			582.8			1,205.8			1,178.3
License, maintenance and related		94.1			81.2			173.8			160.0
Total cost of revenues		704.4			664.0			1,379.6			1,338.3
Gross profit		624.3			595.0			1,244.1			1,154.1
Operating expenses:
Selling and marketing		139.3			97.7			250.2			189.7
Research and development		118.4			100.8			224.2			208.7
General and administrative		121.0			83.6			232.3			173.7
Total operating expenses		378.7			282.1			706.7			572.1
Operating income		245.6			312.9			537.4			582.0
Interest expense, net		(67.7	)		(51.0	)		(117.0	)		(102.4	)
Other (expense) income, net		(20.4	)		6.5			(29.4	)		24.5
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net		1.1			(0.4	)		2.4			(0.1	)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		(3.1	)		(1.5	)		(3.1	)		(1.8	)
Income before income taxes		155.5			266.5			390.3			502.2
Provision for income taxes		45.2			76.7			108.7			137.5
Net income		110.3			189.8			281.6			364.7
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interest		0.3			—			1.1			—
Net income attributable to SS&C common stockholders	$	110.6		$	189.8		$	282.7		$	364.7

Basic earnings per share attributable to SS&C common stockholders	$	0.43		$	0.74		$	1.11		$	1.42
Diluted earnings per share attributable to SS&C common stockholders	$	0.42		$	0.71		$	1.06		$	1.36

Basic weighted-average number of common shares outstanding		254.9			255.7			255.3			256.4
Diluted weighted-average number of common and common equivalent shares outstanding		263.9			267.6			265.5			267.8

Net income	$	110.3		$	189.8		$	281.6		$	364.7
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax:
Change in unrealized gain on interest rate swaps		0.3			(0.2	)		1.5			0.3
Foreign currency exchange translation adjustment		(235.1	)		1.9			(263.4	)		10.3
Change in defined benefit pension obligation		—			0.1			(1.1	)		0.1
Total other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax		(234.8	)		1.8			(263.0	)		10.7
Comprehensive (loss) income		(124.5	)		191.6			18.6			375.4
Comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interest		0.3			—			1.1			—
Comprehensive (loss) income attributable to SS&C common stockholders	$	(124.2	)	$	191.6		$	19.7		$	375.4

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

SS&C TECHNOLOGIES HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In millions) (Unaudited)


	Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022			2021
Cash flow from operating activities:
Net income	$	281.6		$	364.7
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization		329.6			335.3
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net		(2.4	)		0.1
Cash distributions received from unconsolidated affiliates		—			10.0
Gain on bargain purchase		—			(3.2	)
Stock-based compensation expense		85.9			55.5
Net losses (gains) on investments		12.1			(17.2	)
Amortization and write-offs of loan origination costs and original issue discounts		6.5			6.7
Loss on extinguishment of debt		3.1			1.8
Loss on sale or disposition of property and equipment		1.2			0.1
Deferred income taxes		(66.8	)		(47.2	)
Provision for credit losses		7.1			4.5
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, excluding effects from acquisitions:
Accounts receivable		(82.0	)		(63.7	)
Prepaid expenses and other assets		41.7			(17.5	)
Contract assets		(13.0	)		(0.8	)
Accounts payable		2.1			(0.1	)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities		(149.5	)		(82.1	)
Income taxes prepaid and payable		12.0			32.2
Deferred revenue		(21.7	)		(16.8	)
Net cash provided by operating activities		447.5			562.3
Cash flow from investing activities:
Cash paid for business acquisitions, net of cash acquired and asset acquisitions		(1,597.1	)		7.3
Additions to property and equipment		(22.6	)		(17.6	)
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment		8.7			—
Additions to capitalized software		(63.3	)		(42.1	)
Investments in securities		(10.0	)		(10.0	)
Proceeds from sales / maturities of investments		5.6			38.9
Collection of other non-current receivables		5.1			5.6
Net cash used in investing activities		(1,673.6	)		(17.9	)
Cash flow from financing activities:
Cash received from debt borrowings, net of original issue discount		1,667.1			210.0
Repayments of debt		(317.9	)		(393.1	)
Payment of deferred financing fees		(12.4	)		—
Net (decrease) increase in client funds obligations		(1,052.0	)		1,682.7
Proceeds from exercise of stock options		58.3			88.9
Withholding taxes paid related to equity award net share settlement		(0.6	)		(5.6	)
Purchases of common stock for treasury		(170.9	)		(325.0	)
Dividends paid on common stock		(102.4	)		(82.1	)
Net cash provided by financing activities		69.2			1,175.8
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(21.7	)		(1.6	)
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(1,178.6	)		1,718.6
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, beginning of period		3,171.4			1,337.9
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	1,992.8		$	3,056.5

Reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	438.3		$	247.1
Restricted cash and cash equivalents		3.3			3.9
Restricted cash and cash equivalents included in funds receivable and funds held on behalf of clients		1,551.2			2,805.5
	$	1,992.8		$	3,056.5

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

SS&C TECHNOLOGIES HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In millions) (Unaudited)


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2022
	SS&C Stockholders
	Common Stock
	Number									Accumulated
	of				Additional					Other									Total
	Issued				Paid-in		Retained			Comprehensive			Treasury			Noncontrolling			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Earnings			(Loss) Income			Stock			Interest			Equity
Balance, at March 31, 2022		270.1	$	2.7	$	4,984.1	$	2,414.0		$	(270.2	)	$	(954.9	)	$	57.0		$	6,232.7
Net income		—		—		—		110.6			—			—			(0.3	)		110.3
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		—		—		—		—			(235.1	)		—			—			(235.1	)
Net change in interest rate swaps		—		—		—		—			0.3			—			—			0.3
Change in defined benefit plan obligation		—		—		—		—			—			—			—			[0]
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		46.0		—			—			—			—			46.0
Exercise of options, net of withholding taxes		0.2		—		9.2		—			—			—			—			9.2
Purchases of common stock		—		—		—		—			—			—			—			[0]
Cash dividends declared - $0.20 per share		—		—		—		(51.3	)		—			—			—			(51.3	)
Balance, at June 30, 2022		270.3	$	2.7	$	5,039.3	$	2,473.3		$	(505.0	)	$	(954.9	)	$	56.7		$	6,112.1


	Three Months Ended June 30, 2021
	SS&C Stockholders
	Common Stock
	Number									Accumulated
	of				Additional					Other								Total
	Issued				Paid-in		Retained			Comprehensive			Treasury			Noncontrolling		Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Earnings			(Loss) Income			Stock			Interest		Equity
Balance, at March 31, 2021		264.7	$	2.6	$	4,600.5	$	1,800.7		$	(192.1	)	$	(477.5	)	$	—	$	5,734.2
Net income		—		—		—		189.8			—			—			—		189.8
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		—		—		—		—			1.9			—			—		1.9
Net change in interest rate swaps		—		—		—		—			(0.2	)		—			—		(0.2	)
Change in defined benefit plan obligation		—		—		—		—			0.1			—			—		0.1
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		27.7		—			—			—			—		27.7
Exercise of options, net of withholding taxes		1.5		0.1		54.5		—			—			—			—		54.6
Purchases of common stock		—		—		—		—			—			(143.6	)		—		(143.6	)
Cash dividends declared - $0.16 per share		—		—		0.1		(40.9	)		—			—			—		(40.8	)
Balance, at June 30, 2021		266.2	$	2.7	$	4,682.8	$	1,949.6		$	(190.3	)	$	(621.1	)	$	—	$	5,823.7

SS&C TECHNOLOGIES HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In millions) (Unaudited)


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2022
	SS&C Stockholders
	Common Stock
	Number									Accumulated
	of				Additional					Other									Total
	Issued				Paid-in		Retained			Comprehensive			Treasury			Noncontrolling			Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Earnings			(Loss) Income			Stock			Interest			Equity
Balance, at December 31, 2021		269.1	$	2.7	$	4,895.7	$	2,293.0		$	(242.0	)	$	(784.0	)	$	57.8		$	6,223.2
Net income		—		—		—		282.7			—			—			(1.1	)		281.6
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		—		—		—		—			(263.4	)		—			—			(263.4	)
Net change in interest rate swaps		—		—		—		—			1.5			—			—			1.5
Change in defined benefit plan obligation		—		—		—		—			(1.1	)		—			—			(1.1	)
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		85.9		—			—			—			—			85.9
Exercise of options, net of withholding taxes		1.2		—		57.7		—			—			—			—			57.7
Purchases of common stock		—		—		—		—			—			(170.9	)		—			(170.9	)
Cash dividends declared - $0.40 per share		—		—		—		(102.4	)		—			—			—			(102.4	)
Balance, at June 30, 2022		270.3	$	2.7	$	5,039.3	$	2,473.3		$	(505.0	)	$	(954.9	)	$	56.7		$	6,112.1


	Six Months Ended June 30, 2021
	SS&C Stockholders
	Common Stock
	Number									Accumulated
	of				Additional					Other								Total
	Issued				Paid-in		Retained			Comprehensive			Treasury			Noncontrolling		Stockholders’
	Shares		Amount		Capital		Earnings			Loss			Stock			Interest		Equity
Balance, at December 31, 2020		263.9	$	2.6	$	4,544.0	$	1,667.0		$	(201.0	)	$	(296.1	)	$	—	$	5,716.5
Net income		—		—		—		364.7			—			—			—		364.7
Foreign exchange translation adjustment		—		—		—		—			10.3			—			—		10.3
Net change in interest rate swaps		—		—		—		—			0.3			—			—		0.3
Change in defined benefit plan obligation		—		—		—		—			0.1			—			—		0.1
Stock-based compensation expense		—		—		55.5		—			—			—			—		55.5
Exercise of options, net of withholding taxes		2.3		0.1		83.2		—			—			—			—		83.3
Purchases of common stock		—		—		—		—			—			(325.0	)		—		(325.0	)
Cash dividends declared - $0.32 per share		—		—		0.1		(82.1	)		—			—			—		(82.0	)
Balance, at June 30, 2021		266.2	$	2.7	$	4,682.8	$	1,949.6		$	(190.3	)	$	(621.1	)	$	—	$	5,823.7

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.

SS&C TECHNOLOGIES HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Unaudited)

Note 1—Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). These accounting principles were applied on a basis consistent with those of the audited Consolidated Financial Statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on February 25, 2022 (the “2021 Form 10-K”). The inputs into our judgments and estimates consider the economic implications of COVID-19 on our critical and significant accounting estimates. In the opinion of management, the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contain all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments, except as noted elsewhere in the notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements) necessary for a fair statement of our financial position as of June 30, 2022, the results of our operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, and our cash flows for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. These statements do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for annual financial statements. The Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements contained herein should be read in conjunction with the audited Consolidated Financial Statements and footnotes as of and for the year ended December 31, 2021, which were included in the 2021 Form 10-K. The December 31, 2021 Consolidated Balance Sheet data were derived from audited financial statements but do not include all disclosures required by GAAP for annual financial statements. The results of operations for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 are not necessarily indicative of the expected results for any subsequent quarters or the full year.

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SS&C Technologies Holdings, Inc. and its subsidiaries, including a variable interest entity (“VIE”) for which we are the primary beneficiary. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncement

In October 2021, the FASB issued ASU 2021-08, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Accounting for Contract Assets and Contract Liabilities From Contracts with Customers. ASU 2021-08 requires companies to apply ASC 606 to recognize and measure contract assets and contract liabilities from contracts with customers acquired in a business combination on the acquisition date. Generally, this new guidance will result in an acquirer recognizing contract assets and contract liabilities at the same amounts recorded by the acquiree. Under current GAAP, we have historically recognized contract assets and contract liabilities acquired in a business combination at fair value. ASU 2021-08 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. ASU 2021-08 should be applied prospectively to business combinations that occur after the effective date. We adopted ASU 2021-08 as of January 1, 2022 on a prospective basis. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Recent Accounting Pronouncement Not Yet Effective

In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting. ASU 2020-04 provides optional expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP if certain criteria are met to contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions that reference LIBOR or another reference rate expected to be discontinued. In January 2021, the FASB issued Update 2021-01, Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope. The update provides additional optional guidance on the transition from LIBOR to include derivative instruments that use an interest rate for margining, discounting or contract price alignment. The standard will ease, if warranted, the requirements for accounting for the future effects of the rate reform. An entity may elect to apply the amendments prospectively to contract modifications made on or before December 31, 2022. A substantial portion of our indebtedness bears interest at variable interest rates, primarily based on USD-LIBOR. We continue to monitor the impact the discontinuance of LIBOR or another reference rate will have on our contracts, hedging relationships and other transactions. We are currently assessing the impact of this standard on our financial condition and results of operations.

Note 2—Property, Plant and Equipment, net

Property, plant and equipment and the related accumulated depreciation are as follows (in millions):


	June 30,			December 31,
	2022			2021
Land	$	39.4		$	49.8
Building and improvements		285.4			307.5
Equipment, furniture, and fixtures		506.8			475.4
		831.6			832.7
Less: accumulated depreciation		(475.1	)		(450.7	)
Total property, plant and equipment, net	$	356.5		$	382.0

Depreciation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 was $19.0 million and $38.2 million, respectively. Depreciation expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 was $19.5 million and $44.4 million, respectively. As of June 30, 2022, property, plant and equipment assets, net of $10.6 million have been reclassified as held for sale and are presented in prepaid expenses and other current assets in our condensed consolidated balance sheet. Unpaid property, plant and equipment additions of $19.2 million are included in accounts payable and other accrued expenses as of June 30, 2022 in our condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Note 3—Investments

Investments are as follows (in millions):


	June 30,		December 31,
	2022		2021
Non-marketable equity securities	$	84.5	$	84.5
Seed capital investments		34.0		32.0
Marketable equity securities		26.8		40.8
Partnership interests in private equity funds		14.8		15.5
Total investments	$	160.1	$	172.8

Realized and unrealized gains and losses for our equity securities are as follows (in millions):


	Three Months Ended June 30,					Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022			2021		2022			2021
Unrealized (losses) gains on equity securities held as of the end of the period	$	(7.7	)	$	3.1	$	(11.6	)	$	8.9
Realized (losses) gains for equity securities sold during the period		(0.2	)		0.6		(0.5	)		7.7
Total (losses) gains recognized in other income, net	$	(7.9	)	$	3.7	$	(12.1	)	$	16.6

Fair Value Measurement

Authoritative accounting guidance on fair value measurements establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs for which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

As of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, we held certain investment assets and certain liabilities that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. These investments include money market funds and marketable equity securities where fair value is determined using quoted prices in active markets. Accordingly, the fair value measurements of these investments have been classified as Level 1 in the tables below. Investments for which we elected net asset value as a practical expedient for fair value and investments measured using the fair value measurement alternative are excluded from the tables below. Fair value for deferred compensation liabilities that are credited with deemed gains or losses of the underlying hypothetical investments, primarily equity securities, have been classified as Level 1 in the tables below.

The following tables present assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in millions):


				Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
	June 30, 2022			Quoted prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)			Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Money market funds (1)	$	1,242.6		$	1,242.6		$	—	$	—
Seed capital investments (2)		34.0			34.0			—		—
Marketable equity securities (2)		26.8			26.8			—		—
Deferred compensation liabilities (3)		(14.2	)		(14.2	)		—		—
Total	$	1,289.2		$	1,289.2		$	—	$	—


				Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
	December 31, 2021			Quoted prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)			Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Money market funds (1)	$	1,961.0		$	1,961.0		$	—	$	—
Seed capital investments (2)		32.0			32.0			—		—
Marketable equity securities (2)		40.8			40.8			—		—
Deferred compensation liabilities (3)		(21.3	)		(21.3	)		—		—
Total	$	2,012.5		$	2,012.5		$	—	$	—

_____________________________________________________

(1)

Included in Cash and cash equivalents and Funds receivable and funds held on behalf of clients on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(2)

Included in Investments on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

(3)

Included in Other long-term liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

We have partnership interests in various private equity funds that are not included in the tables above. Our investments in private equity funds were $14.8 million and $15.5 million at June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively, of which $12.0 million and $12.7 million, respectively, were measured using net asset value as a practical expedient for fair value and $2.8 million and $2.8 million, respectively, were accounted for under the equity method of accounting. The investments in private equity funds represent underlying investments in domestic and international markets across various industry sectors.

Generally, our investments in private equity funds are non-transferable or are subject to long holding periods, and withdrawals from the private equity firm partnerships are typically not permitted. The maximum risk of loss related to our private equity fund investments is limited to the carrying value of its investments in the entities.

We add new investment products such as mutual funds and exchange traded funds, through our subsidiary, ALPS Advisors, from time to time by providing the initial cash investments as seed capital. We consolidate seed capital investments when our ownership percentage exceeds 50%. Shares in those investments not owned by us are reflected as a redeemable noncontrolling interest on the condensed consolidated balance sheet.

Note 4—Unconsolidated Affiliates

Investments in unconsolidated affiliates are as follows (in millions):


		June 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Ownership Percentage	Carrying Value		Excess carrying value of investment over proportionate share of net assets		Carrying Value		Excess carrying value of investment over proportionate share of net assets
International Financial Data Services L.P.	50.0%	$	86.7	$	36.5	$	87.8	$	38.2
Orbit Private Investments L.P.	9.8%		86.0		—		86.0		—
Pershing Road Development Company, LLC	50.0%		76.1		64.1		74.0		65.9
Broadway Square Partners, LLP	50.0%		55.5		30.4		54.3		29.8
Other unconsolidated affiliates			3.9		—		4.0		—
Total		$	308.2	$	131.0	$	306.1	$	133.9

Investments in unconsolidated affiliates are accounted for under the equity method of accounting. We record our proportionate share of the results of the unconsolidated affiliates and amortization expense related to basis differences in Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. One of the unconsolidated affiliates is a party to an interest rate swap agreement. We record our proportionate share of the change in value of the interest rate swap agreement in Accumulated other comprehensive loss. Amounts reclassified from Accumulated other comprehensive loss to Net income are recorded in Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income.

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net are as follows (in millions):


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022			2021			2022		2021
International Financial Data Services L.P.	$	0.6		$	0.5		$	1.1	$	2.1
Pershing Road Development Company, LLC		(0.2	)		0.3			0.1		1.2
Broadway Square Partners, LLP		0.7			0.4			1.2		0.8
Other unconsolidated affiliates		—			(1.6	)		—		(4.2	)
Total	$	1.1		$	(0.4	)	$	2.4	$	(0.1	)

Note 5—Acquisitions

Blue Prism

On March 16, 2022, we purchased all of the outstanding stock of Blue Prism Group plc (“Blue Prism”) for approximately $1.6 billion in cash, plus the costs of effecting the transaction pursuant to a Scheme of Arrangement entered into under the U.K. Takeover Code. We financed the acquisition by entering into an Incremental Joinder (the “Incremental Joinder”) to the amended and restated credit agreement. Blue Prism is a global leader in enterprise robotics process automation and intelligent automation.

The net assets and results of operations of Blue Prism have been included in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements from March 16, 2022. The preliminary fair value of the intangible assets, consisting of customer relationships, completed technologies and trade names, was determined using the income approach. Specifically, the relief-from-royalty method was utilized for completed technologies and trade names, and the excess earnings method was utilized for customer relationships. Completed technologies and customer relationships are amortized each year based on the ratio that the projected cash flows for the intangible assets bear to the total of current and expected future cash flows for the intangible assets. Trade names are amortized on a straight-line basis. Customer relationships, completed technologies and trade names are expected to be amortized over approximately fifteen, eight and fourteen years, respectively, in each case the estimated life of the assets. The remainder of the purchase price was allocated to goodwill and a portion is tax deductible.

During three months ended June 30, 2022 measurement period adjustments were recorded which resulted in increases in value of approximately $28.1 million and $4.0 million in customer relationships and completed technologies, respectively, and decreases in value of approximately $15.1 million and 3.0 million in deferred tax liabilities and trade names, respectively. Goodwill was also adjusted as a result of the measurement period adjustments.

There are $62.8 million and $73.6 million in revenues from Blue Prism’s operations included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

Hubwise

On March 25, 2022, we purchased all of the outstanding stock of Hubwise Holdings Limited (“Hubwise”) for approximately $75.0 million in cash, plus the costs of effecting the transaction. Hubwise is a regulated business-to-business investment platform serving advisers, discretionary wealth managers and self-directed direct-to-consumer propositions.

The net assets and results of operations of Hubwise have been included in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements from March 25, 2022. The preliminary fair value of the intangible assets, consisting of customer relationships, completed technologies and trade names, was determined using the income approach. Specifically, the relief-from-royalty method was utilized for completed technologies and trade names, and the excess earnings method was utilized for customer relationships. Completed technologies and customer relationships are amortized each year based on the ratio that the projected cash flows for the intangible assets bear to the total of current and expected future cash flows for the intangible assets. Trade names are amortized on a straight-line basis. Customer relationships, completed technologies and trade name are expected to be amortized over approximately twelve, eight and fourteen years, respectively, in each case the estimated life of the assets. The remainder of the purchase price was allocated to goodwill and a portion is tax deductible.

During three months ended June 30, 2022, measurement period adjustments were recorded which resulted in decreases in value of approximately $14.2 million, $2.8 million and $4.0 million in completed technologies, customer relationships and deferred income taxes, respectively. Goodwill was also adjusted as a result of the measurement period adjustments.

There are $1.6 million and $1.7 million in revenues from Hubwise’s operations included in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively.

The following summarizes the preliminary allocation of the purchase price for the 2022 acquisitions of Blue Prism and Hubwise (in millions). The fair values of the acquired intangible assets, and the related evaluation of taxes, are provisional pending receipt of the final valuation for those assets. The valuation of the acquired liabilities is also preliminary.


	Blue Prism			Hubwise
Accounts receivable	$	50.1		$	0.7
Property, plant and equipment		1.9			0.1
Other assets		10.4			0.3
Operating lease right-of-use assets		4.4			0.3
Customer relationships		520.0			23.0
Completed technologies		250.0			8.7
Trade names		38.0			1.0
Goodwill		945.3			50.5
Accounts payable		(6.6	)		(0.2	)
Accrued employee compensation and benefits		(23.2	)		—
Deferred revenue		(166.9	)		—
Deferred income taxes		(110.7	)		(8.2	)
Other liabilities assumed		(35.2	)		(0.7	)
Consideration paid, net of cash acquired	$	1,477.5		$	75.5

Additionally, we acquired 5 M’s Minerals Management, LLC (“MineralWare”) in May 2022 for approximately $18.0 million. We acquired assets related to O’Shares exchange traded funds (“O’Shares”) in June 2022 for approximately $28.3 million.

The following unaudited pro forma information is provided for illustrative purposes only and assumes that the acquisitions of Blue Prism, Hubwise and MineralWare occurred on January 1, 2021 and the acquisition of Capita Life & Pensions Services (Ireland) Limited (“Capita”) occurred on January 1, 2020, after giving effect to certain adjustments, including amortization of intangibles, interest, transaction costs and tax effects. This unaudited pro forma information (in millions) should not be relied upon as being indicative of the historical results that would have been obtained if the acquisitions had actually occurred on those dates, nor of the results that may be obtained in the future.


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Revenues	$	1,329.2	$	1,320.0	$	2,681.4	$	2,618.1
Net income	$	110.7	$	165.3	$	267.3	$	283.7

During the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, we recorded severance expense related to personnel reductions in several of our businesses. The amount of severance expense recognized in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in millions):


	Six Months Ended June 30,
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Classification	2022		2021
Cost of software-enabled services	$	3.8	$	14.1
Cost of license, maintenance and other related		0.7		1.2
Total cost of revenues		4.5		15.3
Selling and marketing		1.2		1.2
Research and development		0.8		5.8
General and administrative		-		0.6
Total operating expenses		2.0		7.6
Total severance expense	$	6.5	$	22.9

Note 6—Goodwill

The change in carrying value of goodwill as of and for the six months ended June 30, 2022 is as follows (in millions):


Balance at December 31, 2021	$	8,045.5
Acquisitions completed in the current year		1,002.0
Adjustments to prior acquisitions		0.3
Effect of foreign currency translation		(181.0	)
Balance at June 30, 2022	$	8,866.8

Note 7—Debt

At June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, debt consisted of the following (in millions):


	June 30,			December 31,
	2022			2021
Senior secured credit facilities, weighted-average interest rate of 3.54% and 1.85%, respectively	$	5,350.5		$	3,974.5
5.5% senior notes due 2027		2,000.0			2,000.0
Other indebtedness		1.2			5.2
Unamortized original issue discount and debt issuance costs		(59.4	)		(30.8	)
		7,292.3			5,948.9
Less: current portion of long-term debt		57.8			47.4
Long-term debt	$	7,234.5		$	5,901.5

Senior Secured Credit Facilities

On March 22, 2022, in connection with our acquisition of Blue Prism, we entered into an Incremental Joinder to the amended and restated credit agreement dated April 16, 2018 (“Credit Agreement”) with certain of our subsidiaries. Pursuant to the Incremental Joinder, a new $650.0 million senior secured incremental term loan B facility (“Term B-6 Loan”) and a new $880.0 million senior secured incremental term loan B facility (“Term B-7 Loan” and, together with the Term B-6 Loan, the “Incremental Term Loans”) was made available to us, the proceeds of which were used to finance substantially all of the consideration for the acquisition of Blue Prism.

The Incremental Term Loans mature on March 22, 2029 and bear interest at, at our option, the Base Rate, plus 1.25% per annum or the Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), which is subject to a floor of 0.50%, plus a credit spread adjustment set forth in the Credit Agreement, plus 2.25% per annum. The Incremental Term Loans are also subject to a 1.00% repricing premium, which will be payable in connection with certain repricing transactions (if any) completed prior to the six-month anniversary of the incurrence of the Incremental Term Loans. In connection with the Incremental Joinder, we capitalized an aggregate of $37.7 million in financing costs during the six months ended June 30, 2022.

Except as described above, the terms, covenants and events of default applicable to the Incremental Term Loans are materially consistent with the terms, covenants and events of default applicable to the other term loans incurred under the Credit Agreement.

Fair Value of Debt

The carrying amounts and fair values of financial instruments are as follows (in millions):


	June 30, 2022				December 31, 2021
	Carrying		Fair		Carrying		Fair
	Amount		Value		Amount		Value
Financial liabilities:
Senior secured credit facilities	$	5,350.5	$	5,112.2	$	3,974.5	$	3,943.5
5.5% senior notes due 2027		2,000.0		1,871.4		2,000.0		2,094.8
Senior secured credit facilities, revolving portion		—		—		—		—
Other indebtedness		1.2		1.2		5.2		5.2

The above fair values, which are Level 2 liabilities, were computed based on comparable quoted market prices. The fair values of cash, accounts receivable, net, short-term borrowings, and accounts payable approximate the carrying amounts due to the short-term maturities of these instruments.

Note 8—Stockholders’ Equity

Stock repurchase program

In July 2021, our Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program, which enabled us to repurchase up to $1 billion in the aggregate of our outstanding common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions until the one-year anniversary of the Board’s authorization, unless earlier terminated by the Board. In July 2022, our Board of Directors authorized a new stock repurchase program, which also enables us to repurchase up to $1 billion in the aggregate of our outstanding common stock on the open market or in privately negotiated transactions. Our authority to repurchase shares under the program will continue until the one-year anniversary of the Board’s authorization, unless earlier terminated by the Board. We did not repurchase any shares during the three months ended June 30, 2022. During the six months ended June 30, 2022, we repurchased 2.3 million shares of common stock for approximately $170.9 million. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, we repurchased 2.0 million and 4.7 million shares, respectively, of common stock for approximately $143.6 million and $325.0 million, respectively. We use the cost method to account for treasury stock purchases. Under the cost method, the price paid for the stock is charged to the treasury stock account.

Dividends

We paid quarterly cash dividends of $0.20 per share of common stock in each of March and June of 2022 totaling $102.4 million. We paid quarterly cash dividends of $0.16 per share of common stock in each of March and June of 2021 totaling $82.1 million.

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss

Accumulated other comprehensive loss balances, net of tax, consists of the following (in millions):


	Interest Rate Swap			Foreign Currency Translation			Defined Benefit Obligation			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Balance, December 31, 2021	$	(4.8	)	$	(237.4	)	$	0.2		$	(242.0	)
Net current period other comprehensive income (loss)		1.5			(263.4	)		(1.1	)		(263.0	)
Balance, June 30, 2022	$	(3.3	)	$	(500.8	)	$	(0.9	)	$	(505.0	)

Adjustments to accumulated other comprehensive loss are as follows (in millions):


	Three Months Ended June 30,												Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022						2021						2022						2021
	Pretax			Tax Effect			Pretax			Tax Effect			Pretax			Tax Effect			Pretax			Tax Effect
Interest Rate Swap
Unrealized gains (losses) on interest rate swaps	$	(0.3	)	$	(0.1	)	$	(1.0	)	$	—		$	2.9		$	(0.5	)	$	1.2		$	(0.2	)
Reclassification of losses into net earnings on interest rate swaps		0.7			—			0.8			—			(0.9	)		—			(0.7	)		—
Net change in cash flow hedges		0.4			(0.1	)		(0.2	)		—			2.0			(0.5	)		0.5			(0.2	)
Defined Benefit Pension
Unrealized net losses on defined benefit pension plan		—			—			0.1			—			(0.3	)		(0.8	)		0.1			—
Net change in defined benefit pension		—			—			0.1			—			(0.3	)		(0.8	)		0.1			—
Foreign Currency Translation
Current period translation adjustments		(246.8	)		11.7			3.6			(1.7	)		(276.5	)		13.1			9.9			0.4
Net cumulative translation adjustments		(246.8	)		11.7			3.6			(1.7	)		(276.5	)		13.1			9.9			0.4
Total other comprehensive (loss) income	$	(246.4	)	$	11.6		$	3.5		$	(1.7	)	$	(274.8	)	$	11.8		$	10.5		$	0.2

Note 9—Variable Interest Entity

On July 15, 2021, we entered into an agreement whereby we obtained an 80.2% interest in DomaniRx, LLC (“DomaniRx”), a variable interest entity under GAAP. We have the power to direct the majority of the activities of DomaniRx that most significantly impact its economic performance, the obligation to absorb losses and the right to receive benefits from DomaniRx. Accordingly, we determined that we are the primary beneficiary of DomaniRx and consolidate its results.

The carrying value of the assets and liabilities associated with DomaniRx included in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2022, which are limited for use in its operations and do not have recourse against our general credit or our senior secured credit facilities, are as follows:


	June 30,
	2022
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	148.3
Intangible assets		146.3
Other assets		0.1
Liabilities:
Other liabilities		8.1

Note 10—Revenues

We generate revenues primarily through our software-enabled services. Our software-enabled services are generally provided under contracts with initial terms of one to five years that require monthly or quarterly payments and are subject to automatic annual renewal at the end of the initial term unless terminated by either party. We also generate revenues by licensing our software to clients through either perpetual or term licenses and by selling maintenance services. We classify license revenues related to sales-based royalty arrangements as term license revenue. Maintenance services are generally provided under annually renewable contracts. Our pricing typically scales as a function of our clients’ assets under management, the complexity of asset classes managed, the volume of transactions and the level of service the client requires. Revenues from professional services consist mostly of services provided on a time and materials basis.

Deferred revenues primarily represent unrecognized fees billed or collected for maintenance and professional services. Deferred revenues are recognized as (or when) we perform under the contract. Deferred revenues are recorded on a net basis with contract assets at the contract level. Accordingly, as of June 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, approximately $64.8 million and $61.0

million, respectively, of deferred revenue is presented net within contract assets arising from the same contracts. The amount of revenues recognized in the period that was included in the opening deferred revenues balance was $75.2 million and $181.3 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively. The amount of revenues recognized in the period that was included in the opening deferred revenue balance was $78.7 million and $181.8 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively.

As of June 30, 2022, revenue of approximately $933.4 million is expected to be recognized from remaining performance obligations for license, maintenance and related revenues, of which $480.8 million is expected to be recognized over the next twelve months.

We record revenue net of any taxes assessed by governmental authorities.

Revenue Disaggregation

The following table disaggregates our revenues by geography (in millions):


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
United States		937.4	$	894.6	$	1,860.4	$	1,773.0
United Kingdom		145.4		155.2		295.6		305.5
Europe (excluding United Kingdom), Middle East and Africa		98.1		85.9		187.6		155.7
Asia-Pacific and Japan		69.4		56.4		130.8		125.4
Canada		54.2		45.3		104.6		93.3
Americas, excluding United States and Canada		24.2		21.6		44.7		39.5
Total	$	1,328.7	$	1,259.0	$	2,623.7	$	2,492.4

The following table disaggregates our revenues by source (in millions):


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Software-enabled services	$	1,070.7	$	1,057.1	$	2,155.9	$	2,100.5
Maintenance and term licenses		223.8		166.5		402.1		329.7
Professional services		27.0		25.7		53.7		49.2
Perpetual licenses		7.2		9.7		12.0		13.0
Total	$	1,328.7	$	1,259.0	$	2,623.7	$	2,492.4

Note 11—Stock Based Compensation

Stock options, SARs and PSUs

The amount of stock-based compensation expense recognized in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 was as follows (in millions):


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income Classification	2022		2021		2022		2021
Cost of software-enabled services	$	17.2	$	9.7	$	32.3	$	20.7
Cost of license, maintenance and other related		1.8		1.4		2.7		3.1
Total cost of revenues		19.0		11.1		35.0		23.8
Selling and marketing		7.6		5.1		15.7		9.7
Research and development		5.3		3.6		10.3		7.2
General and administrative		14.1		7.9		24.9		14.8
Total operating expenses		27.0		16.6		50.9		31.7
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	46.0	$	27.7	$	85.9	$	55.5

The following table summarizes stock option and stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) activity, as well as performance stock units (“PSUs”) activity, for the six months ended June 30, 2022 (shares in millions):


	Stock Options and SARs			PSUs
Outstanding at December 31, 2021		44.9			0.4
Granted		0.1			0.9
Cancelled/forfeited		(0.8	)		—
Exercised		(1.3	)		—
Outstanding at June 30, 2022		42.9			1.3

Note 12—Income Taxes

The effective tax rate was 29.1% and 28.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and 27.9% and 27.4% for the six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. The change in the effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the respective prior year periods was primarily due a decrease in recognition of windfall tax benefits from stock awards in the current year, an increase in valuation allowances on deferred tax assets in the current year and a proportionate change in the composition of income before income taxes from foreign and domestic tax jurisdictions. In addition, the effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 included tax expense related to a law change in the United Kingdom.

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, we recorded a net deferred tax liability of $118.9 million related primarily to acquired intangible assets in the allocation of the purchase price for the acquisitions of Blue Prism and Hubwise, which will not be deductible for tax purposes and is partially offset by net operating loss carryforwards.

Note 13—Earnings per Share

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted EPS (in millions, except per share amounts):


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022		2021		2022		2021
Net income attributable to SS&C common stockholders	$	110.6	$	189.8	$	282.7	$	364.7

Shares attributable to SS&C:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – used in calculation of basic EPS		254.9		255.7		255.3		256.4
Weighted-average common stock equivalents – stock options and restricted shares		9.0		11.9		10.2		11.4
Weighted-average common and common equivalent shares outstanding – used in calculation of diluted EPS		263.9		267.6		265.5		267.8

Earnings per share attributable to SS&C common stockholders – Basic	$	0.43	$	0.74	$	1.11	$	1.42
Earnings per share attributable to SS&C common stockholders – Diluted	$	0.42	$	0.71	$	1.06	$	1.36

Stock options, SARs and PSUs representing 22.7 million and 16.4 million shares were outstanding for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because the effect of including them would be anti-dilutive. Stock options, SARs and PSUs representing 8.7 million and 15.8 million shares were outstanding for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively, but were not included in the computation of diluted EPS because the effect of including them would be anti-dilutive.

Note 14—Commitments and Contingencies

From time to time, we are subject to legal proceedings and claims. In our opinion, we are not involved in any litigation or proceedings that would have a material adverse effect on us or our business.

Legal Proceedings

During the third quarter of 2021, in connection with the ongoing DST ERISA matters and associated legal proceedings described below, including the arbitration awards, we recorded an accrued liability and expense of $43.4 million to Other (expense)

income, net on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income. Due to the inherent uncertainties associated with the resolution of these matters, the ultimate resolution of and any additional potential exposure related to these matters are uncertain at this time.

On September 1, 2017, a putative representative action was filed on behalf of the DST 401(k) Profit Sharing Plan (the “Plan”) in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, captioned Ferguson, et al v. Ruane Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc., et al. (“Ferguson”), naming as defendants DST, the Compensation Committee of DST’s Board of Directors, the Advisory Committee of the Plan and certain of DST’s present and/or former officers and directors (collectively the “DST Defendants”), alleging breach of fiduciary duties and other violations of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (“ERISA”). The DST Defendants answered the operative complaint and asserted crossclaims for contribution and/or indemnification against Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc.‌(“Ruane”). On January 9, 2020, Ruane filed an amended answer to the amended complaint and asserted crossclaims for contribution and/or indemnification against DST. Both DST and Ruane have filed answers denying the crossclaims asserted against them. On March 8, 2021, the Court entered an order denying without prejudice the plaintiffs’ (the “Ferguson Plaintiffs”) then-pending motions for leave to file a third amended complaint and for class certification, ordering that the parties address the effect, if any, on the Ferguson Plaintiffs’ motions of the March 4, 2021 decision by the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit Court in Cooper v. Ruane Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc. The Ferguson Plaintiffs renewed their motions for leave to file a third amended complaint and for class certification, which motions were fully briefed on May 10, 2021. On August 17, 2021, the Court entered an order certifying a mandatory, non-opt-out class under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(b)(1) that includes all plan participants other than certain plan fiduciaries. Arbitration Claimants, and the Canfield Plaintiffs and Mendon Plaintiffs, each as defined below, filed petitions under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23(f) with the Second Circuit on August 30, 2021 and August 31, 2021, respectively, seeking interlocutory review of the Ferguson class certification order, which the Ferguson Plaintiffs and the DST Defendants opposed. The Second Circuit denied the Rule 23(f) petitions on May 24, 2022 and May 25, 2022, respectively. On August 23, 2021, the DST Defendants moved for a temporary restraining order and preliminary injunction against other proceedings, including the below-described arbitrations, which arise out of or relate to the allegations in Ferguson. Following briefing, on November 18, 2021, the Court granted the DST Defendants’ motion and entered a preliminary injunction enjoining the Ferguson class members, including Arbitration Claimants, from instituting new actions or litigating in arbitration or other proceedings against the DST Defendants matters arising out of or relating to the facts or transactions alleged in the Ferguson amended complaint. On November 18, 2021, the Court also ordered the DST Defendants and Arbitration Claimants to submit briefing regarding how the arbitration awards that have been entered against the DST Defendants should be handled in light of the Court’s class certification order and preliminary injunction.

On December 15, 2021, Arbitration Claimants and the Canfield Plaintiffs and Mendon Plaintiffs filed appeals of the Court’s preliminary injunction. On December 23, 2021, the DST Defendants, Arbitration Claimants, and the Ferguson Plaintiffs submitted briefs concerning the treatment of the arbitration awards that have been entered against the DST Defendants, and further briefing by the DST Defendants and Arbitration Claimants was submitted on January 26, 2022. On December 31, 2021, Arbitration Claimants moved by order to show cause for an immediate stay of the preliminary injunction pending their appeal to the Second Circuit. On January 3, 2022, the Court denied Arbitration Claimants' motion for an immediate stay and ordered the DST Defendants to show cause as to why the Court should not issue a stay of the preliminary injunction pending appeal. The show-cause order was fully briefed on January 10, 2022. On February 3, 2022, the Court denied Arbitration Claimants’ motion to stay the preliminary injunction pending appeal. In the same order, the Court held that it would determine the status of the arbitration awards already entered against DST at final judgment in the Ferguson action, either after trial or after settlement. On February 4, 2022, Arbitration Claimants filed a motion in the Second Circuit to stay the preliminary injunction pending their appeal of the Court’s preliminary injunction. On June 7, 2022, the Second Circuit denied Arbitration Claimants’ motion to stay the preliminary injunction pending appeal. On February 8, 2022, Arbitration Claimants and the Canfield and Mendon Plaintiffs noticed an appeal of the Court’s February 3, 2022 order. The February 8, 2022 appeal was consolidated with the December 15, 2021 appeal of the preliminary injunction. On May 17, 2022, Arbitration Claimants and the Canfield and Mendon Plaintiffs filed their opening brief in the consolidated appeals. The DST Defendants’ answering brief is due on September 15, 2022.

On July 10, 2020, the Ferguson Plaintiffs and the DST Defendants reached an agreement in principle to settle the class claims for $27 million, subject to the occurrence of certain conditions, including: Court certification of a “non‑opt-out” class in the case that includes as class members all participants of the Plan, Court approval of the settlement in accordance with applicable law and the satisfactory resolution of claims made by certain other litigants. On September 18, 2020, the parties submitted a letter to the Court disclosing that the Ferguson Plaintiffs and Ruane also had reached a settlement in principle, subject to Court approval. The Ferguson Plaintiffs and the DST Defendants entered into a settlement agreement dated January 8, 2021 memorializing the terms of their proposed settlement, which was filed by the Ferguson Plaintiffs with the Court on the same date. On January 12, 2021, the Ferguson Plaintiffs moved for preliminary approval of the settlement with the DST Defendants, as well as preliminary approval of a separate settlement reached between the Ferguson Plaintiffs and Ruane. Arbitration Claimants and the U.S. Department of Labor (“DOL”) objected to various aspects of those settlements in filings dated January 15, 2021, January 27, 2021, and February 5, 2021. On August 17, 2021, the Court denied the Ferguson Plaintiffs’ motion for preliminary approval of the settlement on the terms proposed.

On September 28, 2018, a complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York captioned Robert Canfield, et al. v. SS&C Technologies Holdings, Inc., et al., on behalf of five individual plaintiffs (the “Canfield

Plaintiffs”). On November 5, 2018, a similar complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York captioned Mark Mendon, et al. v. SS&C Technologies Holdings, Inc., et al., on behalf of two individual plaintiffs (the “Mendon Plaintiffs”). These complaints name as defendants SS&C, the DST Defendants, and Ruane. The underlying claim in each complaint is the same as in the above-described Ferguson matter, with the exception that these actions purport to be brought as individual actions and not putative class actions. On July 10, 2020, the Court entered an order granting the DST Defendants’ motion to disqualify plaintiffs’ counsel in the Canfield and Mendon actions. On March 17, 2021, the Court issued an opinion and order denying the DST Defendants’ motion to disqualify counsel from the arbitrations described below. On April 12, 2021, the Canfield Plaintiffs and Mendon Plaintiffs filed notices of voluntary dismissal dismissing their claims against Ruane with prejudice, which were entered by the Court on April 13, 2021. On April 22, 2021, the DST Defendants filed motions to dismiss the Canfield and Mendon actions. Those motions were fully briefed on May 28, 2021. On November 19, 2021, the Court dismissed the Canfield and Mendon actions. On December 17, 2021, the Canfield Plaintiffs and Mendon Plaintiffs appealed the Court’s November 19, 2021 orders dismissing their respective actions to the Second Circuit. On May 17, 2022, the Canfield Plaintiffs and Mendon Plaintiffs filed their opening briefs in those appeals. The DST Defendants’ answering briefs are due on September 15, 2022.

On October 8, 2019, a substantially similar action to the above-described Ferguson, Canfield, Mendon and below-described arbitration matters captioned Scalia v. Ruane, Cunniff & Goldfarb Inc. was filed by the DOL in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York naming as defendants DST, the Advisory Committee of the Plan, the Compensation Committee of DST’s Board of Directors and certain of DST’s former officers and directors, and alleging that the DST Defendants breached fiduciary duties in violation of ERISA in connection with the Plan. The complaint also names as defendants Ruane and its former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Robert D. Goldfarb. In the complaint, the DOL seeks disgorgement, damages and any other appropriate injunctive or equitable relief. The DST Defendants moved to dismiss the complaint on December 4, 2020 on the ground that the DOL’s complaint is time-barred. Other defendants also filed motions to dismiss on the same and other grounds. Briefing on the motions to dismiss was completed on February 5, 2021. On March 28, 2022, the court denied Defendants’ motions to dismiss, and Martin J. Walsh was substituted for Eugene Scalia as the plaintiff. On April 11, 2022, the DST Defendants answered the DOL’s complaint.

DST, the Advisory Committee of the Plan, and the Compensation Committee of DST’s Board of Directors have been named in 579 substantially similar individual demands for arbitration to date, by former and current DST employees demanding arbitration under the DST Employee Arbitration Program and Agreement (the “Arbitration Claimants”). The underlying claim in each is the same as in the above-described Ferguson matter, with the exception that the arbitrations purport to be brought as individual actions. On November 24, 2021, in light of the preliminary injunction entered in Ferguson discussed above, the American Arbitration Association ceased administration of the arbitrations brought by members of the Ferguson class, which includes all of the Arbitration Claimants with the exception of certain former Plan fiduciaries. As of November 24, 2021, 557 demands for arbitration had been submitted to the American Arbitration Association (the “AAA”). As of the date on which the preliminary injunction was entered, those individual arbitrations were at various stages depending on the particular proceeding. Certain of those arbitrations had resulted in awards against DST and others had resulted in decisions finding no liability as against DST. Many of those decisions were subject to further appeal within the AAA. Certain of the arbitration proceedings had been resolved in whole or in part by settlement. Since November 24, 2021, the AAA has administered only those arbitration proceedings associated with claimants who are not members of the Ferguson class, certain of which have resulted in awards against DST. Between August 20, 2021 and November 17, 2021, counsel for Arbitration Claimants filed 177 motions to confirm certain of the arbitration awards. DST filed responses to those motions. Between October 4 and December 22, 2021, the Western District of Missouri issued orders confirming those 177 arbitration awards and entering judgments against DST. DST has appealed those judgments to the Eighth Circuit. On November 20, 2021, DST requested that the Eighth Circuit stay the pending appeals in light of the preliminary injunction entered in Ferguson. On December 3, 2021, the Eighth Circuit ordered the parties to brief DST’s stay request. On December 17, 2021, Arbitration Claimants and DST filed with the Eighth Circuit their respective briefs addressing the DST’s stay request. On January 3, 2022, the Eighth Circuit declined to stay the briefing schedule on the pending appeals and consolidated those appeals. DST filed its opening brief in the Eighth Circuit on March 24, 2022. Arbitration Claimants filed their opposition brief on April 26, 2022, and DST filed its reply brief on May 18, 2022. The Eighth Circuit heard oral argument on June 14, 2022, and those appeals remain pending. On November 9, 2021, counsel for Arbitration Claimants filed in the Western District of Missouri a petition to compel arbitration captioned Addison v. DST Systems, Inc. (the “Addison Petition”) on behalf of 155 Arbitration Claimants, which DST opposed. On February 14, 2022, the Western District of Missouri stayed the Addison Petition pending resolution of DST’s appeals of the confirmation of the 177 arbitration awards to the Eighth Circuit.

We continue to vigorously defend these matters.

On November 11, 2020, DST, the Compensation Committee of DST’s Board of Directors, and the Advisory Committee of the Plan as plaintiffs filed a complaint in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York against Ruane, certain of its related entities, and certain of its current and former employees. The complaint asserts claims for contribution, indemnification, and breach of contract arising out of Ruane’s management of the Plan’s investments and claims for actual and constructive fraudulent conveyances. On May 24, 2021, Defendant Robert Goldfarb filed an answer to the complaint. On September 17, 2021, the remaining defendants filed a pre-motion letter requesting permission to file a motion to dismiss the complaint. On September 22, 2021, the DST plaintiffs responded to the remaining defendants’ pre-motion letter. On November 5, 2021, the Court denied the remaining defendants’

request for a pre-motion conference and granted the remaining defendants leave to file a motion to dismiss. On December 17, 2021, the remaining defendants filed a motion to dismiss the DST plaintiffs’ complaint. On July 27, 2022, the Court denied without prejudice the pending motion to dismiss, and ordered the parties to submit by October 3, 2022 a joint status report with a new briefing schedule on the motion.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, or MD&A, is intended to provide readers of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements with the perspectives of management. It presents, in narrative form, information regarding our financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and certain other factors that may affect our future results. It should be read in conjunction with our 2021 Form 10-K and the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-Q. We use the term organic to refer to the businesses and operations that are included in the comparable prior year period on a constant currency basis. Organic excludes the impact of any business which we acquired for the time period which would impact the comparable prior year period.

The impacts of COVID-19 and related economic conditions on our results are uncertain and, in many respects, outside our control. While we have experienced some client delays in committing to services and products, to date we have experienced no direct material negative effects on our business and results of operations as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. The situation remains dynamic and subject to rapid and possibly material change, which ultimately could result in material negative effects on our business and results of operations. We will continue to evaluate the nature and extent of the potential impacts to our business, consolidated results of operations, liquidity and capital resources.

Critical Accounting Policies

Certain of our accounting policies require the application of significant judgment by our management, and such judgments are reflected in the amounts reported in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. In applying these policies, our management uses its judgment to determine the appropriate assumptions to be used in the determination of estimates. Those estimates are based on our historical experience, terms of existing contracts, management’s observation of trends in the industry, information provided by our clients and information available from other outside sources, as appropriate. Actual results may differ significantly from the estimates contained in our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements. There have been no material changes to our critical accounting estimates and assumptions or the judgments affecting the application of those estimates and assumptions since the filing of our 2021 Form 10-K. Our critical accounting policies are described in the 2021 Form 10-K and include:

•

Investments

•

Long-Lived Assets, Intangible Assets and Goodwill

•

Software Capitalization

•

Acquisition Accounting

•

Revenue Recognition

•

Stock-based Compensation

•

Income Taxes

Results of Operations

Revenues

We derive our revenues from two sources: software-enabled services revenues and license, maintenance and related revenues. As a general matter, fluctuations in our software-enabled services revenues are attributable to the number of new software-enabled services clients as well as total assets under management in our clients’ portfolios and the number of outsourced transactions provided to our existing clients. Software-enabled services revenues also fluctuate as a result of reimbursements received for “out-of-pocket” expenses, such as postage and telecommunications charges, which are recorded as revenues on an accrual basis. Because these additional revenues are offset by the reimbursable expenses incurred, there is no impact on gross profit, operating income and net income, however the reimbursements billed and expenses incurred can lead to fluctuations in revenues, cost of revenues and gross margin percentage each period. License, maintenance and related revenues consist primarily of term and perpetual license fees, maintenance fees and professional services. Maintenance revenues vary based on customer retention and on the annual increases in fees, which are generally tied to the consumer price index. License and professional services revenues tend to fluctuate based on the number of new licensing clients, the timing and terms of contract renewals and demand for consulting services.

Our results of operations below include the results of our recent acquisitions from the date which they were acquired, including Capita in March 2021, Blue Prism and Hubwise in March 2022, MineralWare in May 2022 and O’Shares in June 2022.

The following table sets forth the percentage of our total revenues represented by each of the following sources of revenues for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
Software-enabled services		80.6	%		84.0	%		82.2	%		84.3	%
License, maintenance and related		19.4	%		16.0	%		17.8	%		15.7	%
Total revenues		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%		100.0	%

The following table sets forth revenues (dollars in millions) and percent change in revenues for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Percent Change from Prior Period			Six Months Ended June 30,				Percent Change from Prior Period
	2022		2021					2022		2021
Software-enabled services	$	1,070.7	$	1,057.1		1.3	%	$	2,155.9	$	2,100.5		2.6	%
License, maintenance and related		258.0		201.9		27.8	%		467.8		391.9		19.4	%
Total revenues	$	1,328.7	$	1,259.0		5.5	%	$	2,623.7	$	2,492.4		5.3	%

Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. Our revenues increased $69.7 million, or 5.5%, primarily due to revenues associated with our acquisitions of Blue Prism and Hubwise in March 2022, MineralWare in May 2022 and O’Shares in June 2022, which contributed $65.6 million in revenues. An increase in organic revenues of $27.9 million driven by strength in the SS&C GlobeOp fund administration, Eze, Geneva and virtual data room services businesses was partially offset by the unfavorable impact from foreign currency translation of $23.8 million. Software-enabled services revenues increased $13.6 million, or 1.3%, primarily due to an increase in organic revenues of $25.3 million, and acquisitions, which added $7.1 million in revenues, partially offset by the unfavorable impact from foreign currency translation of $18.8 million. License, maintenance and related revenues increased $56.1 million, or 27.8%, primarily due to acquisitions, which added $58.5 million in revenues and an increase in organic revenues of $2.6 million, partially offset by the unfavorable impact from foreign currency translation of $5.0 million.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. Our revenues increased $131.3 million, or 5.3%, due to revenues associated with our acquisitions of Blue Prism and Hubwise in March 2022, MineralWare in May 2022, O’Shares in June 2022 and Capita in March 2021, which contributed $83.0 million in revenues and an increase in organic revenues of $80.7 million driven by strength in the SS&C GlobeOp fund administration, Eze, Black Diamond, Geneva and virtual data room services businesses. Those increases were partially offset by the unfavorable impact from foreign currency translation of $32.4 million. Software-enabled services revenues increased $55.4 million, or 2.6%, primarily due to an increase in organic revenues of $66.2 million, and acquisitions, which added $14.5 million in revenues, partially offset by the unfavorable impact from foreign currency translation of $25.3 million. License, maintenance and related revenues increased $75.9 million, or 19.4%, primarily due to acquisitions, which added $68.5 million in revenues and an increase in organic revenues of $14.5 million, partially offset by the unfavorable impact from foreign currency translation of $7.1 million.

Cost of Revenues

Cost of software-enabled services revenues consists primarily of costs related to personnel utilized in providing our software-enabled services and amortization of intangible assets. Cost of license, maintenance and other related revenues consists primarily of the costs related to personnel utilized in servicing our maintenance contracts and to provide implementation, conversion and training services to our software licensees, as well as system integration and custom programming consulting services and amortization of intangible assets.

The following tables set forth each of the following cost of revenues as a percentage of their respective revenue source for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
Cost of software-enabled services		57.0	%		55.1	%		55.9	%		56.1	%
Cost of license, maintenance and related		36.5	%		40.2	%		37.2	%		40.8	%
Total cost of revenues		53.0	%		52.7	%		52.6	%		53.7	%
Gross margin percentage		47.0	%		47.3	%		47.4	%		46.3	%

The following table sets forth cost of revenues (dollars in millions) and percent change in cost of revenues for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Percent Change from Prior Period			Six Months Ended June 30,				Percent Change from Prior Period
	2022		2021					2022		2021
Cost of software-enabled services	$	610.3	$	582.8		4.7	%	$	1,205.8	$	1,178.3		2.3	%
Cost of license, maintenance and related		94.1		81.2		15.9	%		173.8		160.0		8.6	%
Total cost of revenues	$	704.4	$	664.0		6.1	%	$	1,379.6	$	1,338.3		3.1	%

Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. Our total cost of revenues increased by $40.4 million, or 6.1%, primarily due to an increase of $37.9 million in organic costs and acquisitions, which added $17.8 million in costs. These increases were partially offset by the favorable impact from foreign currency translation which decreased costs by $15.3 million. Organic cost increases are primarily due to personnel costs, including the impact of wage inflation, stock-based compensation and recruiting costs. Cost of software-enabled services revenues increased $27.5 million, or 4.7%, primarily due to an increase of $37.0 million in organic costs and acquisitions, which added $3.8 million in costs. These costs were partially offset by the favorable impact from foreign currency translation which decreased costs by $13.3 million. Cost of license, maintenance and related revenues increased $12.9 million, or 15.9%, primarily due to acquisitions, which added $14.0 million in costs, as well as an increase in organic costs of $0.9 million, partially offset by the favorable impact from foreign currency translation of $2.0 million.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. Our total cost of revenues increased by $41.3 million, or 3.1%, primarily due to an increase of $35.0 million in organic costs and acquisitions, which added $27.1 million in costs. These costs were partially offset by the favorable impact from foreign currency translation which decreased costs by $20.8 million. Organic cost increases are primarily due to personnel costs, including the impact of wage inflation, stock-based compensation and recruiting costs. Cost of software-enabled services revenues increased $27.5 million, or 2.3%, primarily due to an increase of $35.5 million in organic costs, and acquisitions, which added $9.7 million in costs. These increases were partially offset by the favorable impact from foreign currency translation, which decreased costs by $17.7 million. Cost of license, maintenance and related revenues increased $13.8 million, or 8.6%, primarily due to acquisitions, which added $17.4 million in costs, partially offset by the favorable impact from foreign currency translation of $3.1 million and a decrease in organic costs of $0.5 million.

Operating Expenses

Selling and marketing expenses consist primarily of the personnel costs associated with the selling and marketing of our products, including salaries, commissions and travel and entertainment. Such expenses also include amortization of intangible assets, the cost of branch sales offices, trade shows and marketing and promotional materials. Research and development expenses consist primarily of personnel costs attributable to the enhancement of existing products and the development of new software products. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of personnel costs related to management, accounting and finance, information management, human resources and administration and associated overhead costs, as well as fees for professional services.

The following table sets forth the percentage of our total revenues represented by each of the following operating expenses for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
Selling and marketing		10.5	%		7.8	%		9.5	%		7.6	%
Research and development		8.9	%		8.0	%		8.5	%		8.4	%
General and administrative		9.1	%		6.6	%		8.9	%		7.0	%
Total operating expenses		28.5	%		22.4	%		26.9	%		23.0	%

The following table sets forth operating expenses (dollars in millions) and percent change in operating expenses for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended June 30,				Percent Change from Prior Period			Six Months Ended June 30,				Percent Change from Prior Period
	2022		2021					2022		2021
Selling and marketing	$	139.3	$	97.7		42.6	%	$	250.2	$	189.7		31.9	%
Research and development		118.4		100.8		17.5	%		224.2		208.7		7.4	%
General and administrative		121.0		83.6		44.7	%		232.3		173.7		33.7	%
Total operating expenses	$	378.7	$	282.1		34.2	%	$	706.7	$	572.1		23.5	%

Three Months Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. Operating expenses increased $96.6 million, or 34.2%, primarily due to our acquisitions, which added expenses of $55.6 million, and an increase of $49.2 million in organic operating expenses. These increases were partially offset by the favorable impact from foreign currency translation which decreased expenses by $8.2 million. Total operating expenses, excluding the impact of acquisitions and foreign currency translation, primarily increased due to an increase in personnel-related costs, including the impact of wage inflation, stock-based compensation and travel-related expenses, information technology related expenses and professional fees.

Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021. Operating expenses increased $134.6 million, or 23.5%, primarily due our acquisitions, which added expenses of $78.9 million and an increase of $67.5 million in organic operating expenses. These increases were partially offset by the favorable impact from foreign currency translation which decreased expenses by $11.8 million. Total operating expenses, excluding the impact of acquisitions and foreign currency translation, primarily increased due to an increase in personnel-related costs, including the impact of wage inflation, stock-based compensation and travel-related expenses and information technology related expenses.

Comparison of the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 for Interest, Taxes and Other

Interest expense, net. We had net interest expense of $67.7 million and $117.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, compared to $51.0 million and $102.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively. The increase in interest expense, net for 2022 as compared to 2021, is due to higher average interest rate on debt and higher average debt balances. Our total debt balance as of June 30, 2022 was higher compared to the prior year due to us entering into the Incremental Joinder in conjunction with the acquisition of Blue Prism on March 22, 2022. These facilities are discussed further in “Liquidity and Capital Resources”.

Other (expense) income, net. We had other expense, net of $20.4 million and $29.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, compared to other income, net of $6.5 million and $24.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, other expense, net consisted primarily of foreign currency translation losses of $12.2 million and $21.9 million, respectively, and investment losses due to mark-to-market adjustments of $8.4 million and $12.2 million, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, other income, net included investment gains of $3.6 million and $17.3 million, respectively, and dividend income of $0.4 million and $8.9 million, respectively. The remaining portion of other income, net consisted primarily of foreign currency transaction gains and losses.

Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net. We had equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net of $1.1 million and $2.4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022, respectively, compared to $(0.4) million and $(0.1) million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2021, respectively.

Provision for income taxes. The following table sets forth the provision for income taxes (dollars in millions) and effective tax rates for the periods indicated:


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,
	2022			2021			2022			2021
Provision for income taxes	$	45.2		$	76.7		$	108.7		$	137.5
Effective tax rate		29.1	%		28.8	%		27.9	%		27.4	%

Our effective tax rates for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2021 differ from the statutory rate of 21.0% primarily due to the composition of income before income taxes from foreign and domestic tax jurisdictions, foreign income that is being taxed in the U.S. offset by foreign tax credits that are being limited and the recognition of windfall tax benefits from stock

awards. The change in the effective tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the prior year was primarily due to a decrease in recognition of windfall tax benefits from stock awards in the current year, an increase in valuation allowances on deferred tax assets in the current year and a proportionate change in the composition of income before income taxes from foreign and domestic tax jurisdictions. The change in the effective tax rate for the six months ended June 30, 2022 compared to the prior year was primarily due to a decrease in recognition of windfall tax benefits from stock awards in the current year, an increase in valuation allowances on deferred tax assets in the current year and a proportionate change in the composition of income taxes from foreign and domestic tax jurisdictions. In addition, the effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 included tax expense related to a law change in the United Kingdom. While we have income from multiple foreign sources, the majority of our non-U.S. operations are in the United Kingdom and India, where we anticipate the statutory tax rates to be 19.0% and, on a blended basis, approximately 29.0%, respectively, in 2022. A future change in the composition of income before income taxes from foreign and domestic tax jurisdictions could impact our periodic effective tax rate.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our principal cash requirements are to finance the costs of our operations pending the billing and collection of client receivables, to fund payments with respect to our indebtedness, to invest in research and development, to acquire complementary businesses or assets, to repurchase shares of our common stock and to pay dividends on our common stock. We expect our cash on hand, cash flows from operations and cash available under our Credit Agreement to provide sufficient liquidity to fund our current obligations, projected working capital requirements and capital spending for at least the next twelve months.

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, we paid a quarterly cash dividend of $0.20 per share of common stock totaling $102.4 million in the aggregate. During the six months ended June 30, 2021, we paid a quarterly cash dividend of $0.16 per share of common stock totaling $82.1 million.

Client funds obligations include our transfer agency client balances invested overnight as well as our contractual obligations to remit funds to satisfy client pharmacy claim obligations and are recorded on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet when incurred, generally after a claim has been processed by us. Our contractual obligations to remit funds to satisfy client obligations are primarily sourced by funds held on behalf of clients. We had $1,620.3 million of client funds obligations at June 30, 2022.

Cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities, as reflected in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, are summarized in the following table (in millions):


	Six Months Ended June 30,
Net cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (used in) provided by:	2022			2021			Change From Prior Year
Operating activities	$	447.5		$	562.3		$	(114.8	)
Investing activities		(1,673.6	)		(17.9	)		(1,655.7	)
Financing activities		69.2			1,175.8			(1,106.6	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash		(21.7	)		(1.6	)		(20.1	)
Net (decrease) increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash	$	(1,178.6	)	$	1,718.6		$	(2,897.2	)

2022 versus 2021

Net cash provided by operating activities was $447.5 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022. Cash provided by operating activities primarily resulted from net income of $281.6 million adjusted for non-cash items of $376.3 million, partially offset by changes in our working capital accounts (excluding the effect of acquisitions) totaling $210.4 million. The changes in our working capital accounts were driven by decreases in accrued expenses and deferred revenue and an increase in accounts receivable, partially offset by a decrease in prepaid expenses. Cash provided by operating activities was negatively affected by approximately $68.0 million of transaction costs related to the Blue Prism acquisition. The decrease in accrued expenses was primarily due to the payment of annual employee bonuses in the first quarter of 2022 and the payment of transaction costs related to the Blue Prism acquisition that were recorded as liabilities at the time of acquisition.

Investing activities used net cash of $1,673.6 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily related to $1,597.1 million paid for business acquisitions, net of cash acquired, $63.3 million in capitalized software development costs, $22.6 million in capital expenditures and seed capital investments of $10.0 million, partially offset by proceeds from the sale of property of $8.7 million, proceeds from sales and maturities of investments of $5.6 million and collection of other non-current receivables of $5.1 million.

Financing activities provided net cash of $69.2 million for the six months ended June 30, 2022, primarily representing net borrowings of $1,349.2 million and proceeds of $58.3 million from stock option exercises. These proceeds were partially offset by a

net decrease in client funds obligations of $1,052.0 million, $170.9 million of purchases of common stock for treasury, $102.4 million in quarterly dividends paid, $12.4 million of deferred financing fees payments and $0.6 million in withholding taxes paid related to equity award net share settlements.

2021 versus 2020

Our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash and cash equivalents, including amounts held on behalf of clients, were $3,056.5 million at June 30, 2021, an increase of $1,718.6 million from $1,337.9 million at December 31, 2020.

Net cash provided by operating activities was $562.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021. Cash provided by operating activities primarily resulted from net income of $364.7 million adjusted for non-cash items of $346.4 million, partially offset by changes in our working capital accounts (excluding the effect of acquisitions) totaling $148.8 million. The changes in our working capital accounts were driven by decreases in accrued expenses, an increase in accounts receivable, an increase in prepaid expenses and other assets, a decrease in deferred revenue, an increase in contract assets and a decrease in accounts payable, partially offset by changes in income taxes prepaid and payable. The decrease in accrued expenses was primarily due to the payment of annual employee bonuses in the first quarter of 2021. The increase in accounts receivable was primarily due to an increase in days' sales outstanding. The increase in prepaid expenses and other assets was primarily due to the timing of payments. The decrease in deferred revenue was primarily due to the recognition of revenue associated with multi-year license agreements where we received payment in 2020 as well as the revenue associated with annual maintenance fees. The change in income taxes prepaid and payable is primarily driven by the timing of tax payments.

Investing activities used net cash of $17.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, primarily related to $42.1 million in capitalized software development costs, $17.6 million in capital expenditures and $10.0 million in investments in securities, partially offset by proceeds from sales and maturities of investments of $38.9 million, net cash acquired for business acquisitions of $7.3 million and the collection of other non-current receivables of $5.6 million.

Financing activities provided net cash of $1,175.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2021, primarily representing a net increase in client funds obligations of $1,682.7 million and proceeds of $88.9 million from stock option exercises. These proceeds were partially offset by $325.0 million of purchases of common stock for treasury, net repayments of debt of $183.1 million, $82.1 million in quarterly dividends paid and $5.6 million in withholding taxes paid related to equity award net share settlements.

We have made a permanent reinvestment determination in certain non-U.S. operations that have historically generated positive operating cash flows. At June 30, 2022, we held approximately $207.0 million in cash and cash equivalents at non-U.S. subsidiaries where we had made such a determination and in turn, no provision for foreign withholding, foreign local, or U.S. state income taxes had been made. At June 30, 2022, we held approximately $128.6 million in cash that was available to our foreign borrowers under our senior secured credit facility and will be used to facilitate debt servicing of those entities.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We have no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on our financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that is material to investors.

Senior Secured Credit Facilities

As of June 30, 2022, there was $1,237.4 million in principal amount outstanding under the Term B-3 Loan, $1,004.5 million in principal amount outstanding under the Term B-4 Loan, $1,710.8 million in principal amount outstanding under the Term B-5 Loan, $576.0 million in principal amount outstanding under the Term B-6 Loan and $821.8 million in principal amount outstanding under the Term B-7 Loan. In addition, the amended senior secured credit facility has a revolving credit facility with a five-year term available for borrowings by SS&C with $250 million in available commitments (“Revolving Credit Facility”), of which $247.5 million was available as of June 30, 2022. The Revolving Credit Facility also contains a $25 million letter of credit sub-facility, of which $2.5 million was utilized as of June 30, 2022.

We are required to make scheduled quarterly payments of 0.25% of the original principal amount of the Term B-3 Loan, Term B-4 Loan and Term B-5 Loan, with the balance due and payable on April 16, 2025. We are required to make scheduled quarterly payments of 0.25% of the original principal amount of the Term B-6 Loan and Term B-7 Loan commencing with the fiscal quarter ending September 30, 2022, with the balance due and payable on March 22, 2029. No amortization is required under the Revolving Credit Facility. We may also, from time to time in our sole discretion, purchase, redeem, or retire our existing term loans, through tender offers, in privately negotiated or open market transactions, or otherwise.

Our obligations under the Term Loans are guaranteed by (i) our existing and future U.S. wholly-owned restricted subsidiaries, in the case of the Term B-3 Loan, Term B-5 Loan, Term B-6 Loan and the Revolving Credit Facility and (ii) our existing and future wholly-owned restricted subsidiaries, in the case of the Term B-4 Loan and Term B-7 Loan.

The obligations of the U.S. loan parties under the amended senior secured credit facility are secured by substantially all of the assets of such persons (subject to customary exceptions and limitations), including a pledge of all of the capital stock of substantially all of the U.S. wholly-owned restricted subsidiaries of such persons (with customary exceptions and limitations) and 65% of the capital stock of certain foreign restricted subsidiaries of such persons (with customary exceptions and limitations). All obligations of the non-U.S. loan parties under the amended senior secured credit facility are secured by substantially all of our and the other guarantors’ assets (subject to customary exceptions and limitations), including a pledge of all of the capital stock of substantially all of our wholly-owned restricted subsidiaries (with customary exceptions and limitations).

The amended senior secured credit facility includes negative covenants that, among other things and subject to certain thresholds and exceptions, limit our ability and the ability of our restricted subsidiaries to incur debt or liens, make investments (including in the form of loans and acquisitions), merge, liquidate or dissolve, sell property and assets, including capital stock of our subsidiaries, pay dividends on our capital stock or redeem, repurchase or retire our capital stock, alter the business we conduct, amend, prepay, redeem or purchase subordinated debt, or engage in transactions with our affiliates. The amended senior secured credit facility also contains customary representations and warranties, affirmative covenants and events of default, subject to customary thresholds and exceptions. In addition, the amended senior secured credit facility contains a financial covenant for the benefit of the Revolving Credit Facility requiring us to maintain a minimum consolidated net secured leverage ratio. In addition, under the amended senior secured credit facility, certain defaults under agreements governing other material indebtedness could result in an event of default under the amended senior secured credit facility, in which case the lenders could elect to accelerate payments under the amended senior secured credit facility and terminate any commitments they have to provide future borrowings. As of June 30, 2022, we were in compliance with all financial and non-financial covenants.

Senior Notes

On March 28, 2019, we issued $2,000.0 million aggregate principal amount of 5.5% Senior Notes due 2027 (“Senior Notes”), the proceeds of which were used to repay a portion of the outstanding Term B-3 Loan under our existing senior secured credit facilities. The Senior Notes are guaranteed, jointly and severally, by SS&C Holdings and all of its existing and future domestic restricted subsidiaries that guarantee our existing senior secured credit facilities or certain other indebtedness. The Senior Notes are unsecured senior obligations that are equal in right of payment to all of our existing and future senior unsecured indebtedness. Interest on the Senior Notes is payable on March 30 and September 30 of each year.

At any time and from time to time, we may, at our option, redeem some or all of the Senior Notes, in whole or in part, at the redemption prices set forth in the following table, expressed as a percentage of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the redemption date:


Redemption Date	Price
On or after March 30, 2022		104.125	%
On or after March 30, 2023		102.750	%
On or after March 30, 2024		101.375	%
March 30, 2025 and thereafter		100.000	%

We may also, from time to time in our sole discretion, purchase, redeem, or retire any outstanding Senior Notes, through tender offers, in privately negotiated or open market transactions, or otherwise.

The indenture governing the Senior Notes contains a number of covenants that restrict, subject to certain thresholds and exceptions, our ability and the ability of our domestic restricted subsidiaries to incur debt or liens, make certain investments, pay dividends, dispose of certain assets, or enter into transactions with its affiliates. Any event of default under the amended senior secured credit facility that leads to an acceleration of those amounts due also results in a default under the indenture governing the Senior Notes.

As of June 30, 2022, there was $2,000.0 million in principal amount of Senior Notes outstanding.

Covenant Compliance

Under the Revolving Credit Facility portion of the amended senior secured credit facility, we are required to satisfy and maintain a specified financial ratio at the end of each fiscal quarter if the sum of (i) outstanding amount of all loans under the Revolving Credit Facility and (ii) all non-cash collateralized letters of credit issued under the Revolving Credit Facility in excess of

$20 million is equal to or greater than 30% of the total commitments under the Revolving Credit Facility. Our ability to meet this financial ratio can be affected by events beyond our control, and we cannot assure you that we will meet this ratio. Any breach of this covenant could result in an event of default under the amended senior secured credit facility. Upon the occurrence of any event of default under the amended senior secured credit facility, the lenders could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under the amended senior secured credit facility to be immediately due and payable and terminate all commitments to extend further credit. Any default and subsequent acceleration of payments under the amended senior secured credit facility would have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial position and cash flows. Additionally, under the amended senior secured credit facility, our ability to engage in activities such as incurring additional indebtedness, making investments and paying dividends is also tied to baskets and ratios based on Consolidated EBITDA.

Consolidated EBITDA is a non-GAAP financial measure used in key financial covenants contained in the amended senior secured credit facility, which is the material facility supporting our capital structure and providing liquidity to our business. Consolidated EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization (“EBITDA”), further adjusted to exclude unusual items and other adjustments permitted in calculating covenant compliance under the amended senior secured credit facility. We believe that the inclusion of supplementary adjustments to EBITDA applied in presenting Consolidated EBITDA is appropriate to provide additional information to investors to demonstrate compliance with the specified financial ratio and other financial condition tests contained in the amended senior secured credit facility.

Management uses Consolidated EBITDA to gauge the costs of our capital structure on a day-to-day basis when full financial statements are unavailable. Management further believes that providing this information allows our investors greater transparency and a better understanding of our ability to meet our debt service obligations and make capital expenditures.

Consolidated EBITDA does not represent net income or cash flow from operations as those terms are defined by generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP, and does not necessarily indicate whether cash flows will be sufficient to fund cash needs. Further, the amended senior secured credit facility requires that Consolidated EBITDA be calculated for the most recent four fiscal quarters. As a result, the measure can be disproportionately affected by a particularly strong or weak quarter. Further, it may not be comparable to the measure for any subsequent four-quarter period or any complete fiscal year.

Consolidated EBITDA is not a recognized measurement under GAAP and investors should not consider Consolidated EBITDA as a substitute for measures of our financial performance and liquidity as determined in accordance with GAAP, such as net income, operating income or net cash provided by operating activities. Because other companies may calculate Consolidated EBITDA differently than we do, Consolidated EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies. Consolidated EBITDA has other limitations as an analytical tool, when compared to the use of net income, which is the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure, including:

•

Consolidated EBITDA does not reflect the significant interest expense we incur as a result of our debt leverage;

•

Consolidated EBITDA does not reflect the provision of income tax expense in our various jurisdictions;

•

Consolidated EBITDA does not reflect any attribution of costs to our operations related to our investments and capital expenditures through depreciation and amortization charges;

•

Consolidated EBITDA does not reflect the cost of compensation we provide to our employees in the form of stock-based awards;

•

Consolidated EBITDA does not reflect the equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates; and

•

Consolidated EBITDA excludes expenses and income that are permitted to be excluded per the terms of our amended senior secured credit facility, but which others may believe are normal expenses for the operation of a business.

The following is a reconciliation of net income to Consolidated EBITDA attributable to SS&C common stockholders as defined in our amended senior secured credit facility.


	Three Months Ended June 30,						Six Months Ended June 30,						Twelve Months Ended June 30,
(in millions)	2022			2021			2022			2021			2022
Net income	$	110.3		$	189.8		$	281.6		$	364.7		$	717.5
Interest expense, net		67.7			51.0			117.0			102.4			216.1
Provision for income taxes		45.2			76.7			108.7			137.5			207.6
Depreciation and amortization		164.0			165.8			329.6			335.3			661.7
EBITDA		387.2			483.3			836.9			939.9			1,802.9
Stock-based compensation		46.0			27.7			85.9			55.5			144.3
Acquired EBITDA and cost savings (1)		5.2			—			(1.2	)		1.3			(1.9	)
Non-cash portion of straight-line rent expense		(0.3	)		(0.5	)		(0.9	)		(0.7	)		(2.1	)
Loss on extinguishment of debt		3.1			1.5			3.1			1.8			12.3
Equity in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates, net		(1.1	)		0.4			(2.4	)		0.1			(27.9	)
Purchase accounting adjustments (2)		2.0			1.6			4.9			3.2			8.0
ASC 606 adoption impact		(0.4	)		0.2			(0.8	)		0.4			(0.2	)
Other (3)		34.7			(3.1	)		59.5			2.8			112.5
Consolidated EBITDA	$	476.4		$	511.1		$	985.0		$	1,004.3		$	2,047.9
Consolidated EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling interest (4)		(0.4	)		—			(0.3	)		—			(2.3	)
Consolidated EBITDA attributable to SS&C common stockholders	$	476.0		$	511.1		$	984.7		$	1,004.3		$	2,045.6

________________________

(1)

Acquired EBITDA reflects the EBITDA impact of significant businesses that were acquired during the period as if the acquisition occurred at the beginning of the period, as well as cost savings enacted in connection with acquisitions.

(2)

Purchase accounting adjustments include (a) an adjustment to increase revenues by the amount that would have been recognized if deferred revenue were not adjusted to fair value at the date of acquisitions, (b) an adjustment to increase personnel and commissions expense by the amount that would have been recognized if prepaid commissions and deferred personnel costs were not adjusted to fair value at the date of the acquisitions and (c) an adjustment to increase or decrease rent expense by the amount that would have been recognized if lease obligations were not adjusted to fair value at the date of acquisitions.

(3)

Other includes expenses and income that are permitted to be excluded per the terms of our amended senior secured credit facility from Consolidated EBITDA, a financial measure used in calculating our covenant compliance. These include expenses and income related to foreign currency transactions, investment gains and losses, facilities and workforce restructuring, legal settlements, business combinations and other items.

(4)

Consolidated EBITDA attributable to noncontrolling interest represents Consolidated EBITDA based on the ownership interest retained by the noncontrolling parties of DomaniRx.

Our covenant requirement for consolidated net secured leverage ratio and the actual ratio as of June 30, 2022 are as follows:


	Covenant Requirement	Actual Ratio
Maximum consolidated net secured leverage to Consolidated EBITDA ratio(1)	6.25x	2.48

_____________________________________________________

(1)

Calculated as the ratio of consolidated net secured funded indebtedness, net of cash and cash equivalents, excluding $148.3 million of cash and cash equivalents held at DomaniRx, to Consolidated EBITDA, as defined by the amended senior secured credit facility, for the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters ended on the measurement date. Consolidated net secured funded indebtedness is comprised of indebtedness for borrowed money, letters of credit, deferred purchase price obligations and capital lease obligations, all of which is secured by liens on our property.

Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncement

within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in an interim period. ASU 2021-08 should be applied prospectively to business combinations that occur after the effective date. We adopted ASU 2021-08 as of January 1, 2022 on a prospective basis. The adoption of this standard did not have a material impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Recent Accounting Pronouncement Not Yet Effective

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

We do not use derivative financial instruments for trading or speculative purposes. We have generally invested our available cash in short-term, highly liquid financial instruments, having initial maturities of three months or less. When necessary, we have borrowed to fund acquisitions.

Interest Rate Risk

We derive service revenues from investment earnings related to cash balances maintained in bank accounts on which we are the agent for clients. The balances maintained in the bank accounts will fluctuate. For the six months ended June 30, 2022, we had average daily cash balances of approximately $2,494.7 million maintained in such accounts. We estimate that a 100 basis point change in the interest earnings rate would equal approximately $9.2 million of net income, net of income taxes, on an annual basis. The effect of changes in interest rates attributable to earnings derived from cash balances we hold for clients is offset by changes in interest rates on our variable debt.

At June 30, 2022, we had total variable interest rate debt of approximately $5,350.5 million. As of June 30, 2022, a 100 basis point increase in interest rates would result in an increase in interest expense of approximately $53.5 million per year.

Equity Price Risk

We have exposure to equity price risk as a result of our investments in equity securities. Equity price risk results from changes in the level or volatility of equity prices which affect the value of equity securities or instruments that derive their value from such securities or indexes. The fair value of our investments that are subject to equity price risk as of June 30, 2022 was approximately $61.4 million. The impact of a 10% change in fair value of these investments would have been approximately $4.6 million to net income, net of income taxes. Changes in equity values of our investments could have a material effect on our results of operations and our financial position.

Foreign Currency Exchange Rate Risk

During the six months ended June 30, 2022, approximately 29% of our revenues were from clients located outside the United States. A portion of the revenues from clients located outside the United States is denominated in foreign currencies, the majority being the British pound. While revenues and expenses of our foreign operations are primarily denominated in their respective local currencies, some subsidiaries do enter into certain transactions in currencies that are different from their local currency. These transactions consist primarily of cross-currency intercompany balances and trade receivables and payables. As a result of these transactions, we have exposure to changes in foreign currency exchange rates that result in foreign currency transaction gains and losses, which we report in other (expense) income. These amounts were not material for the six months ended June 30, 2022. The amount of these balances can fluctuate in the future as we bill customers and buy products or services in currencies other than our functional currency, which could increase our exposure to foreign currency exchange rates. We continue to monitor our exposure to foreign exchange rates because of our acquisitions and changes in our operations. We do not enter into any market risk sensitive instruments for trading purposes.

The foregoing risk management discussion and the effect thereof are forward-looking statements. Actual results in the future may differ materially from these projected results due to actual developments in global financial markets. The analytical methods used by us to assess and minimize risk discussed above should not be considered projections of future events or losses.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer (our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, respectively), evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2022. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation of our disclosure controls and procedures as of June 30, 2022, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective at the reasonable assurance level.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

There have not been any changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the fiscal quarter ended June 30, 2022 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The information regarding certain legal proceedings in which we are involved as set forth in Note 14 – Commitments and Contingencies of the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q) is incorporated by reference into this Item 1.

In addition, we are involved in various other legal proceedings arising in the normal course of our businesses. At this time, we do not believe any material losses under these claims to be probable. While the ultimate outcome of such legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, it is in the opinion of management, after consultation with legal counsel, that the final outcome in such proceedings, in the aggregate, would not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

As of the date of this report, there have been no material changes to the risk factors we previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021.

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

There were no repurchases of our common stock in the second quarter of 2022.

Item 6. Exhibits

The exhibits listed in the Exhibit Index immediately preceding such exhibits are filed as part of this Report.

EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit Number		Description of Exhibit

31.1		Certification of the Registrant’s Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2		Certification of the Registrant’s Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32		Certification of the Registrant’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished and not filed for purposes of sections 11 or 12 of the Securities Act and section 18 of the Exchange Act)

101.INS		Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.

101.CAL		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Calculation Linkbase Document.

101.LAB		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Label Linkbase Document.

101.PRE		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Presentation Linkbase Document.

101.DEF		Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.

104		Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.


SS&C TECHNOLOGIES HOLDINGS, INC.

By:		/s/ Patrick J. Pedonti
		Patrick J. Pedonti Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Duly Authorized Officer, Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

Date: August 4, 2022