TFS Financial CORP - Quarter Report: 2021 March (Form 10-Q)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

________________________________

FORM 10-Q

________________________________


☒			QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2021


☐			TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For transition period from to

Commission File Number 001-33390

________________________________________

TFS FINANCIAL CORPORATION

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

________________________________________


United States of America		52-2054948
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

7007 Broadway Avenue
Cleveland,	Ohio	44105
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)		(Zip Code)

(216) 441-6000

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

Not Applicable

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

________________________________________

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act

Title of each class

Trading Symbol(s)

Name of each exchange in which registered

Common Stock, par value $0.01 per share

TFSL

The NASDAQ Stock Market, LLC

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the Registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer

Accelerated filer

Non-accelerated filer

Smaller Reporting Company

☐

Emerging Growth Company

☐

If an emerging company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o

Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x

As of May 4, 2021, there were 280,616,473 shares of the Registrant’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share, outstanding, of which 227,119,132 shares, or 80.9% of the Registrant’s common stock, were held by Third Federal Savings and Loan Association of Cleveland, MHC, the Registrant’s mutual holding company.

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TFS Financial Corporation

INDEX


		Page

	Glossary of Terms	3

PART l – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.	Financial Statements (unaudited)

	Consolidated Statements of Condition
	March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020	4

	Consolidated Statements of Income
	Three and Six Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020	5

	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
	Three and Six Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020	6

	Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity
	Three and Six Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020	7

	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
	Six Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020	9

	Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements	10

Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	37

Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	72

Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	75

Part II — OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1.	Legal Proceedings	76

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	76

Item 2.	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	76

Item 3.	Defaults Upon Senior Securities	76

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	76

Item 5.	Other Information	76

Item 6.	Exhibits	77

SIGNATURES		78

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

TFS Financial Corporation provides the following list of acronyms and defined terms as a tool for the reader. The acronyms and defined terms identified below are used throughout the document.


ACT: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act			FHFA: Federal Housing Finance Agency
AOCI: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income			FHLB: Federal Home Loan Bank
ARM: Adjustable Rate Mortgage			FICO: Financing Corporation
ASC: Accounting Standards Codification			FRB-Cleveland: Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland
ASU: Accounting Standards Update			Freddie Mac: Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation
Association: Third Federal Savings and Loan			FRS: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Association of Cleveland			GAAP: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
BOLI: Bank Owned Life Insurance			Ginnie Mae: Government National Mortgage Association
CARES Act: Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security			GVA: General Valuation Allowances
Act			HPI: Home Price Index
CDs: Certificates of Deposit			IRR: Interest Rate Risk
CECL: Current Expected Credit Losses			IRS: Internal Revenue Service
CFPB: Consumer Financial Protection Bureau			IVA: Individual Valuation Allowance
CLTV: Combined Loan-to-Value			LIHTC: Low Income Housing Tax Credit
Company: TFS Financial Corporation and its			LIP: Loans-in-Process
subsidiaries			LTV: Loan-to-Value
DFA: Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer			MGIC: Mortgage Guaranty Insurance Corporation
Protection Act			OCC: Office of the Comptroller of the Currency
EaR: Earnings at Risk			OCI: Other Comprehensive Income
EPS: Earnings per Share			PMI: Private Mortgage Insurance
ESOP: Third Federal Employee (Associate) Stock			PMIC: PMI Mortgage Insurance Co.
Ownership Plan			REMICs: Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits
EVE: Economic Value of Equity			SEC: United States Securities and Exchange Commission
Fannie Mae: Federal National Mortgage Association			TDR: Troubled Debt Restructuring
FASB: Financial Accounting Standards Board			Third Federal Savings, MHC: Third Federal Savings
FDIC: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation			and Loan Association of Cleveland, MHC

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Item 1. Financial Statements

TFS FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION (unaudited)

(In thousands, except share data)


	March 31, 2021		September 30, 2020
ASSETS
Cash and due from banks	$	23,424	$	25,270
Other interest-earning cash equivalents	641,976		472,763
Cash and cash equivalents	665,400		498,033
Investment securities available for sale (amortized cost $417,365 and $447,384, respectively)	421,021		453,438


Mortgage loans held for sale ($24,509 and $36,078 measured at fair value, respectively)	63,441		36,871
Loans held for investment, net:
Mortgage loans	12,702,473		13,104,959
Other loans	2,482		2,581
Deferred loan expenses, net	44,422		42,459
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(67,749)		(46,937)
Loans, net	12,681,628		13,103,062
Mortgage loan servicing rights, net	8,974		7,860
Federal Home Loan Bank stock, at cost	162,783		136,793
Real estate owned, net	—		185
Premises, equipment, and software, net	39,845		41,594
Accrued interest receivable	33,055		36,634
Bank owned life insurance contracts	294,022		222,919
Other assets	94,615		104,832
TOTAL ASSETS	$	14,464,784	$	14,642,221
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Deposits	$	9,238,411	$	9,225,554
Borrowed funds	3,293,717		3,521,745
Borrowers’ advances for insurance and taxes	94,108		111,536
Principal, interest, and related escrow owed on loans serviced	46,100		45,895
Accrued expenses and other liabilities	88,977		65,638
Total liabilities	12,761,313		12,970,368
Commitments and contingent liabilities
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding	—		—
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 700,000,000 shares authorized; 332,318,750 shares issued; 280,616,132 and 280,150,006 outstanding at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively	3,323		3,323
Paid-in capital	1,742,681		1,742,714
Treasury stock, at cost; 51,702,618 and 52,168,744 shares at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively	(766,407)		(767,649)
Unallocated ESOP shares	(37,917)		(40,084)
Retained earnings—substantially restricted	849,394		865,514
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(87,603)		(131,965)
Total shareholders’ equity	1,703,471		1,671,853
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	14,464,784	$	14,642,221

See accompanying notes to unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

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TFS FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share data)


	For the Three Months Ended				For the Six Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
INTEREST AND DIVIDEND INCOME:
Loans, including fees	$	96,175	$	115,203	$	196,301	$	230,428
Investment securities available for sale	966		2,911		1,953		5,775

Other interest and dividend earning assets	814		1,412		1,630		3,375
Total interest and dividend income	97,955		119,526		199,884		239,578
INTEREST EXPENSE:
Deposits	24,545		37,483		52,241		75,799
Borrowed funds	14,999		17,005		30,489		34,556
Total interest expense	39,544		54,488		82,730		110,355
NET INTEREST INCOME	58,411		65,038		117,154		129,223
PROVISION (RELEASE) FOR CREDIT LOSSES	(4,000)		6,000		(6,000)		3,000
NET INTEREST INCOME AFTER PROVISION (RELEASE) FOR CREDIT LOSSES	62,411		59,038		123,154		126,223
NON-INTEREST INCOME:
Fees and service charges, net of amortization	2,460		2,119		4,955		4,265
Net gain on the sale of loans	8,911		3,138		25,354		6,063
Increase in and death benefits from bank owned life insurance contracts	3,807		2,461		5,454		4,022

Other	530		1,229		1,406		6,527
Total non-interest income	15,708		8,947		37,169		20,877
NON-INTEREST EXPENSE:
Salaries and employee benefits	26,672		27,216		55,010		53,101
Marketing services	5,325		4,029		11,058		8,490
Office property, equipment and software	6,395		6,534		12,830		12,980
Federal insurance premium and assessments	2,323		2,768		4,713		5,387
State franchise tax	1,159		1,191		2,310		2,323
Other expenses	6,936		7,820		14,618		14,597
Total non-interest expense	48,810		49,558		100,539		96,878
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES	29,309		18,427		59,784		50,222
INCOME TAX EXPENSE	6,300		1,170		11,773		7,323
NET INCOME	$	23,009	$	17,257	$	48,011	$	42,899
Earnings per share—basic and diluted	$	0.08	$	0.06	$	0.17	$	0.15
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic	276,716,978		275,835,243		276,464,037		275,706,011
Diluted	278,593,303		278,101,329		278,291,638		277,990,253

See accompanying notes to unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

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TFS FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (unaudited)

(In thousands)


	For the Three Months Ended				For the Six Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Net income	$	23,009	$	17,257	$	48,011	$	42,899
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Net change in unrealized gain (losses) on securities available for sale	(485)		9,253		(1,858)		12,176
Net change in cash flow hedges	33,989		(89,769)		45,288		(74,564)
Net change in defined benefit plan obligation	466		452		932		904
Total other comprehensive income (loss)	33,970		(80,064)		44,362		(61,484)
Total comprehensive income (loss)	$	56,979	$	(62,807)	$	92,373	$	(18,585)

See accompanying notes to unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

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TFS FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (unaudited)

(In thousands, except share and per share data)


	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
	Common stock		Paid-in capital		Treasury stock		Unallocated common stock held by ESOP		Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Total shareholders’ equity
Balance at December 31, 2019	$	3,323	$	1,736,322	$	(766,492)	$	(43,334)	$	849,929	$	(50,799)	$	1,728,949
Net income	—		—		—		—		17,257		—		17,257
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—		—		—		—		—		(80,064)		(80,064)
ESOP shares allocated or committed to be released	—		1,050		—		1,083		—		—		2,133
Compensation costs for equity incentive plans	—		1,160		—		—		—		—		1,160

Purchase of treasury stock (1,000 shares)	—		—		(19)		—		—		—		(19)
Treasury stock allocated to equity incentive plan	—		991		(1,212)		—		—		—		(221)
Dividends paid to common shareholders ($0.28 per common share)	—		—		—		—		(14,031)		—		(14,031)
Balance at March 31, 2020	$	3,323	$	1,739,523	$	(767,723)	$	(42,251)	$	853,155	$	(130,863)	$	1,655,164

	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
	Common stock		Paid-in capital		Treasury stock		Unallocated common stock held by ESOP		Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Total shareholders’ equity
Balance at December 31, 2020	$	3,323	$	1,739,178	$	(764,774)	$	(39,000)	$	840,678	$	(121,573)	$	1,657,832

Net income	—		—		—		—		23,009		—		23,009
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—		—		—		—		—		33,970		33,970
ESOP shares allocated or committed to be released	—		1,018		—		1,083		—		—		2,101
Compensation costs for equity incentive plans	—		1,547		—		—		—		—		1,547


Treasury stock allocated to equity incentive plan	—		938		(1,633)		—		—		—		(695)
Dividends paid to common shareholders ($0.28 per common share)	—		—		—		—		(14,293)		—		(14,293)
Balance at March 31, 2021	$	3,323	$	1,742,681	$	(766,407)	$	(37,917)	$	849,394	$	(87,603)	$	1,703,471

See accompanying notes to unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

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	For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2020
	Common stock		Paid-in capital		Treasury stock		Unallocated common stock held by ESOP		Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Total shareholders’ equity
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	3,323	$	1,734,154	$	(764,589)	$	(44,417)	$	837,662	$	(69,379)	$	1,696,754
Net income	—		—		—		—		42,899		—		42,899
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—		—		—		—		—		(61,484)		(61,484)
ESOP shares allocated or committed to be released	—		2,061		—		2,166		—		—		4,227
Compensation costs for equity incentive plans	—		2,349		—		—		—		—		2,349
Purchase of treasury stock (20,500 shares)	—		—		(378)		—		—		—		(378)
Treasury stock allocated to equity incentive plan	—		959		(2,756)		—		—		—		(1,797)
Dividends paid to common shareholders ($0.55 per common share)	—		—		—		—		(27,406)		—		(27,406)
Balance at March 31, 2020	$	3,323	$	1,739,523	$	(767,723)	$	(42,251)	$	853,155	$	(130,863)	$	1,655,164


	For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2021
	Common stock		Paid-in capital		Treasury stock		Unallocated common stock held by ESOP		Retained earnings		Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)		Total shareholders’ equity
Balance at September 30, 2020	$	3,323	$	1,742,714	$	(767,649)	$	(40,084)	$	865,514	$	(131,965)	$	1,671,853
Cumulative effect from changes in accounting principle, net of tax1	—		—		—		—		(35,763)		—		(35,763)
Net income	—		—		—		—		48,011		—		48,011
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax	—		—		—		—		—		44,362		44,362
ESOP shares allocated or committed to be released	—		1,736		—		2,167		—		—		3,903
Compensation costs for equity incentive plans	—		3,113		—		—		—		—		3,113

Treasury stock allocated to equity incentive plan	—		(4,882)		1,242		—		—		—		(3,640)
Dividends paid to common shareholders ($0.56 per common share)	—		—		—		—		(28,368)		—		(28,368)
Balance at March 31, 2021	$	3,323	$	1,742,681	$	(766,407)	$	(37,917)	$	849,394	$	(87,603)	$	1,703,471

1Related to ASU 2016-13 adopted October 1, 2020.

See accompanying notes to unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

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TFS FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited) (In thousands)


	For the Six Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income	$	48,011	$	42,899
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
ESOP and stock-based compensation expense	7,016		6,576
Depreciation and amortization	20,307		14,488
Deferred income taxes	386		(182)
Provision (release) for credit losses	(6,000)		3,000
Net gain on the sale of loans	(25,354)		(6,063)
Net gain on sale of commercial property	—		(4,257)
Other net (gains) losses	393		(513)
Proceeds from sales of loans held for sale	31,784		27,392
Loans originated for sale	(35,932)		(25,577)
Increase in bank owned life insurance contracts	(3,714)		(3,128)
Net decrease (increase) in interest receivable and other assets	4,690		(7,748)
Net increase in accrued expenses and other liabilities	2,346		15,650

Net cash provided by operating activities	43,933		62,537
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Loans originated	(2,666,100)		(1,969,056)
Principal repayments on loans	2,547,258		1,282,921
Proceeds from principal repayments and maturities of:
Securities available for sale	176,272		102,096

Proceeds from sale of:
Loans	510,191		300,042
Real estate owned	206		1,165
Premises, equipment and other Assets	71		23,512
Purchases of:
Bank-owned life insurance	(70,000)		—
FHLB stock	(25,990)		(34,000)
Securities available for sale	(150,271)		(86,962)
Premises and equipment	(1,024)		(1,484)
Other	2,533		494
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities	323,146		(381,272)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Net increase in deposits	12,857		321,427
Net decrease in borrowers' advances for insurance and taxes	(17,428)		(10,103)
Net increase (decrease) in principal and interest owed on loans serviced	205		(4,187)
Net increase (decrease) in short-term borrowed funds	(225,235)		163,176
Proceeds from long-term borrowed funds	—		250,000
Repayment of long-term borrowed funds	(2,793)		(233,206)
Cash collateral/settlements received from (provided to) derivative counterparties	64,690		(101,417)
Purchase of treasury shares	—		(414)

Acquisition of treasury shares through net settlement of stock benefit plans compensation	(3,640)		(1,797)
Dividends paid to common shareholders	(28,368)		(27,406)
Net cash (used in) provided by financing activities	(199,712)		356,073
NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	167,367		37,338
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS—Beginning of period	498,033		275,143
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS—End of period	$	665,400	$	312,481
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION:
Cash paid for interest on deposits	$	53,186	$	74,937
Cash paid for interest on borrowed funds	8,427		36,312
Cash paid for income taxes	9,056		1,649
SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULES OF NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Transfer of loans to real estate owned	41		1,751

Transfer of loans from held for investment to held for sale	513,446		295,790
Treasury stock issued for stock benefit plans	(4,987)		960

See accompanying notes to unaudited interim consolidated financial statements.

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TFS FINANCIAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

(Dollars in thousands unless otherwise indicated)

1.BASIS OF PRESENTATION

TFS Financial Corporation, a federally chartered stock holding company, conducts its principal activities through its wholly owned subsidiaries. The principal line of business of the Company is retail consumer banking, including mortgage lending, deposit gathering, and, to a much lesser extent, other financial services. As of March 31, 2021, approximately 81% of the Company’s outstanding shares were owned by the federally chartered mutual holding company, Third Federal Savings and Loan Association of Cleveland, MHC. The thrift subsidiary of TFS Financial Corporation is Third Federal Savings and Loan Association of Cleveland.

The accounting and reporting policies followed by the Company conform in all material respects to U.S. GAAP and to general practices in the financial services industry. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The allowance for credit losses, the valuation of deferred tax assets, and the determination of pension obligations are particularly subject to change.

The unaudited interim consolidated financial statements reflect all adjustments of a normal recurring nature which, in the opinion of management, are necessary to present fairly the financial condition of the Company at March 31, 2021, and its results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented. Such adjustments are the only adjustments reflected in the unaudited interim financial statements.

In accordance with SEC Regulation S-X for interim financial information, these statements do not include certain information and footnote disclosures required for complete audited financial statements. The Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2020 contains audited consolidated financial statements and related notes, which should be read in conjunction with the accompanying interim consolidated financial statements. The results of operations for the interim periods disclosed herein are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2021 or for any other period.

The Company has determined that all recently issued accounting pronouncements that have not yet been adopted will not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements or do not apply to its operations.

Effective October 1, 2020, the Company adopted ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments — Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, as amended, which replaces the incurred loss methodology with an expected loss methodology referred to as the CECL methodology. Refer to NOTE 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES for additional details.

Effective October 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) and all subsequent amendments related to the ASU (collectively, “Topic 606”). The core principle of the guidance requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled to receive in exchange for those goods or services. Neither the new standard, nor any of the related amendments, resulted in a material change from our previous accounting for revenue because a significant amount of the Company’s revenue streams such as interest income, are not within the scope of Topic 606. Three of the Company's revenue streams within scope of Topic 606 are the sales of REO, interchange income and deposit account and other transaction-based service fee income. Those streams are immaterial and therefore quantitative information regarding these streams is not disclosed.

2.EARNINGS PER SHARE

Basic earnings per share is the amount of earnings available to each share of common stock outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share is the amount of earnings available to each share of common stock outstanding during the reporting period adjusted to include the effect of potentially dilutive common shares. For purposes of computing basic earnings per share, outstanding shares include shares held by the public, shares held by the ESOP that have been allocated to participants or committed to be released for allocation to participants, and the 227,119,132 shares held by Third Federal Savings, MHC. For purposes of computing dilutive earnings per share, stock options and restricted and performance share units with a dilutive impact are added to the outstanding shares used in the basic earnings per share calculation. Unvested shares

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awarded pursuant to the Company's restricted stock plans are treated as participating securities in the computation of EPS pursuant to the two-class method as they contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends. The two-class method is an earnings allocation that determines EPS for each class of common stock and participating security. Performance share units, determined to be contingently issuable and not participating securities, are excluded from the calculation of basic EPS. At March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, the ESOP held 3,791,721 and 4,225,061 shares, respectively, that were neither allocated to participants nor committed to be released to participants.

The following is a summary of the Company's earnings per share calculations.


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021					2020
	Income		Shares	Per share amount		Income		Shares	Per share amount
	(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Net income	$	23,009				$	17,257
Less: income allocated to restricted stock units	401					382
Basic earnings per share:
Income available to common shareholders	$	22,608	276,716,978	$	0.08	$	16,875	275,835,243	$	0.06
Diluted earnings per share:
Effect of dilutive potential common shares			1,876,325					2,266,086
Income available to common shareholders	$	22,608	278,593,303	$	0.08	$	16,875	278,101,329	$	0.06


	For the Six Months Ended March 31,
	2021					2020
	Income		Shares	Per share amount		Income		Shares	Per share amount
	(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)
Net income	$	48,011				$	42,899
Less: income allocated to restricted stock units	813					798
Basic earnings per share:
Income available to common shareholders	$	47,198	276,464,037	$	0.17	$	42,101	275,706,011	$	0.15
Diluted earnings per share:
Effect of dilutive potential common shares			1,827,601					2,284,242
Income available to common shareholders	$	47,198	278,291,638	$	0.17	$	42,101	277,990,253	$	0.15

The following is a summary of outstanding stock options that are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share because their inclusion would be anti-dilutive. There were no restricted or performance stock units that are excluded because of anti-dilution for the periods presented.


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,		For the Six Months Ended March 31,
	2021	2020	2021	2020
Options to purchase shares	—	—	442,900	—

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3.INVESTMENT SECURITIES

Investments available for sale are summarized in the tables below. Accrued interest in the periods presented is $947 and $1,121 as of March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively, and is reported in accrued interest receivable on the unaudited CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION.


	March 31, 2021
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized				Fair Value
			Gains		Losses
REMICs	$	411,664	$	4,231	$	(794)	$	415,101
Fannie Mae certificates	5,701		220		(1)		5,920
Total	$	417,365	$	4,451	$	(795)	$	421,021


	September 30, 2020
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized				Fair Value
			Gains		Losses
REMICs	$	441,419	$	6,043	$	(259)	$	447,203
Fannie Mae certificates	5,965		270		—		6,235
Total	$	447,384	$	6,313	$	(259)	$	453,438

Gross unrealized losses on available for sale securities and the estimated fair value of the related securities, aggregated by the length of time the securities have been in a continuous loss position, at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, were as follows:


	March 31, 2021
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Available for sale—
REMICs	$	119,910	$	780	$	1,211	$	14	$	121,121	$	794
Fannie Mae certificates	150		1		—		—		150		1

Total	$	120,060	$	781	$	1,211	$	14	$	121,271	$	795


	September 30, 2020
	Less Than 12 Months				12 Months or More				Total
	Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Loss		Estimated Fair Value		Unrealized Loss
Available for sale—
REMICs	$	105,566	$	259	$	—	$	—	$	105,566	$	259

We believe the unrealized losses on investment securities were attributable to changes in market interest rates. The contractual terms of U.S. government and agency obligations do not permit the issuer to settle the security at a price less than the par value of the investment. The contractual cash flows of mortgage-backed securities are guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae. REMICs are issued by or backed by securities issued by these governmental agencies. It is expected that the securities would not be settled at a price substantially less than the amortized cost of the investment. The U.S. Treasury Department established financing agreements in 2008 to ensure Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac meet their obligations to holders of mortgage-backed securities that they have issued or guaranteed.

Since the decline in value is attributable to changes in market interest rates and not credit quality and because the Company has neither the intent to sell the securities nor is it more likely than not the Company will be required to sell the securities for the time periods necessary to recover the amortized cost, the Company expects to receive all contractual cash

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flows from these investments. Therefore, no allowance for credit losses is recorded with respect to securities as of March 31, 2021.

4.LOANS AND ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

Loans held for investment consist of the following:


	March 31, 2021		September 30, 2020
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	10,468,976	$	10,774,845
Residential Home Today	69,845		75,166
Home equity loans and lines of credit	2,141,168		2,232,236
Construction	57,013		47,985
Real estate loans	12,737,002		13,130,232
Other loans	2,482		2,581
Add (deduct):
Deferred loan expenses, net	44,422		42,459
Loans in process	(34,529)		(25,273)
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(67,749)		(46,937)
Loans held for investment, net	$	12,681,628	$	13,103,062

Loans are carried at amortized cost, which includes outstanding principal balance adjusted for any unamortized premiums or discounts, net of deferred fees and expenses. Accrued interest in the periods presented is $32,108 and $35,513 as of March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively, and is reported in accrued interest receivable on the unaudited CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION.

A large concentration of the Company’s lending is in Ohio and Florida. As of March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, the percentage of aggregate Residential Core, Home Today and Construction loans held in Ohio was 54% and 56%, respectively, and the percentage held in Florida was 18% and 17%, respectively. As of March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, home equity loans and lines of credit were concentrated in the states of Ohio (29% as of both dates), Florida (20% and 19%, respectively), and California (15% and 16%, respectively).

Home Today was an affordable housing program targeted to benefit low- and moderate-income home buyers and most loans under the program were originated prior to 2009. No new loans were originated under the Home Today program after September 30, 2016.

Regulatory agencies have encouraged financial institutions to work prudently with borrowers who are or may be unable to meet their contractual payment obligations because of the effects of COVID-19, as set forth in the Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus (initially issued on March 22, 2020 and revised on April 7, 2020). FASB confirmed the foregoing regulatory agencies' view, that such short-term modifications (e.g., six months) made on a good-faith basis to borrowers who were current as of the implementation date of a relief program in response to COVID-19 are not TDRs. The regulatory agencies stated that performing loans granted payment deferrals due to COVID-19 in accordance with this interagency statement are not generally considered past due or non-accrual. The revised statement provides that eligible loan modifications related to COVID-19 may also be accounted for under section 4013 of the CARES Act or in accordance with ASC 310-40. The CARES Act offers temporary relief from TDRs on modifications made as a result of COVID-19 that were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019. The Company has elected to apply the temporary suspension of TDR requirements provided by the revised interagency statement for eligible loan modifications. For loan modifications that are not eligible for the suspension offered by the revised interagency statement, the Company considers the CARES Act to evaluate loan modifications within its scope, or existing TDR evaluation policies if the modification does not fall within the scope of these Acts.

As of March 31, 2021, some of our borrowers have experienced unemployment or reduced income as a result of the COVID-19 global pandemic and have requested some type of loan payment forbearance. At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively, active forbearance plans offered to borrowers affected by COVID-19 totaled $64,205 and $165,642, of which $6,485 and $15,623 are classified as troubled debt restructurings due to either their classification as a TDR prior to the

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COVID-19 forbearance or not meeting the criteria to be exempt from TDR classification. Forbearance plans allow borrowers experiencing temporary financial hardship to defer a limited number of payments to a later point in time and are initially offered for a three-month period, which may be extended for borrowers that continue to be affected by COVID-19. The majority of active COVID-19 forbearance plans have been extended to at least 12 months with a weighted average term of 10.7 months.

The following table summarizes, as of March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, for each portfolio by geographic location, active forbearance plans by amortized cost and as a percent of total loans. The majority of our Home Today forbearance portfolio is secured by properties located in Ohio and therefore was not segregated by geographic location.


	March 31, 2021		Forbearance plans as % of respective Portfolio		September 30, 2020		Forbearance plans as % of respective Portfolio
Real estate loans:
Residential Core
Ohio	$	18,863			$	45,926
Florida	12,697				38,804
Other	21,224				56,107
Total	52,784		0.50	%	140,837		1.31	%



Total Residential Home Today	2,731		3.93	%	5,391		7.21	%
Home equity loans and lines of credit
Ohio	861				2,352
Florida	2,503				6,298
California	2,672				4,974
Other	2,654				5,790
Total	8,690		0.40	%	19,414		0.86	%
Total real estate loans in active forbearance plans	$	64,205	0.50	%	$	165,642	1.26	%

The following table summarizes, as of March 31, 2021, the amortized cost of active forbearance plans according to the month during which the payment deferrals are currently scheduled to end. Forbearance plan term extensions are available, upon request.


Month ending	Total
April 30, 2021	$	30,794
May 31, 2021	9,366
June 30, 2021	12,909
July 31, 2021	4,153
August 31, 2021	3,863
September 30, 2021	3,002
October 31, 2021	118
Total active forbearance plans	$	64,205

A COVID-19 forbearance plan is generally resolved through payment in full at termination of the forbearance; through a non-TDR repayment plan, where a portion of the forbearance is paid in addition to the original contractual payment over 12 months or less; or through a non-TDR capitalization, where the total of forborne payments are added to the principal balance of the account, either with or without an extension of the maturity date. If additional concessions are required beyond resolving the forbearance, the account will be considered for further modification in a troubled debt restructuring. At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, there were $1,855 and $1,609 of residential mortgages and $222 and $116 equity loans and lines of credit, respectively, in short-term repayment plans and $80,826 and $31,467 of residential mortgages and $6,831 and $0 equity loans and lines of credit, respectively, whose forbearance amounts were capitalized, subsequent to COVID-19 forbearance plans, that did not require TDR classification. The amortized cost of loan modifications eligible for TDR relief, including non-TDR forbearance plans, subsequent non-TDR repayment plans and non-TDR modifications, including capitalization, was $151,321 and $194,601 at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively. At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020,

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forbearance plans that have subsequently required further modification in a troubled debt restructuring total $4,512 and $1,306, respectively.

Real estate loans in COVID-19 forbearance plans and those that are subsequently placed in non-TDR short-term repayment plans are reported as current and accruing when they are current in accordance with their revised contractual terms and were less than 30 days past due as of the implementation date of the relief program, March 13, 2020, per the revised interagency statement, or not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019 per the CARES Act. Otherwise, the delinquency and resulting accrual status of these loans are determined by the lowest number of days the loan was past due on either the two aforementioned measurement dates (March 13, 2020 or December 31, 2019) or, considering the loan's revised contractual terms, the current reporting date. The uncertain and potentially tumultuous impact of COVID-19 on the economic and housing markets, as well as the risk profiles of accounts in COVID-19 forbearance plans granted by the Company, were considered in the determination of the allowance for credit losses as of March 31, 2021, as described later in this footnote.

An aging analysis of the amortized cost in loan receivables that are past due at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020 is summarized in the following tables. When a loan is more than one month past due on its scheduled payments, the loan is considered 30 days or more past due, regardless of the number of days in each month. Balances are adjusted for deferred loan fees and expenses and any applicable loans-in-process.


	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total
March 31, 2021
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	2,950	$	1,970	$	11,425	$	16,345	$	10,471,027	$	10,487,372
Residential Home Today	957		834		1,914		3,705		65,751		69,456
Home equity loans and lines of credit	1,278		612		5,105		6,995		2,160,995		2,167,990
Construction	—		—		—		—		22,077		22,077
Total real estate loans	5,185		3,416		18,444		27,045		12,719,850		12,746,895
Other loans	—		—		—		—		2,482		2,482
Total	$	5,185	$	3,416	$	18,444	$	27,045	$	12,722,332	$	12,749,377


	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		90 Days or More Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Total
September 30, 2020
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	4,543	$	2,344	$	9,958	$	16,845	$	10,774,323	$	10,791,168
Residential Home Today	1,406		651		2,480		4,537		70,277		74,814
Home equity loans and lines of credit	1,521		1,064		4,260		6,845		2,252,155		2,259,000
Construction	—		—		—		—		22,436		22,436
Total real estate loans	7,470		4,059		16,698		28,227		13,119,191		13,147,418
Other loans	—		—		—		—		2,581		2,581
Total	$	7,470	$	4,059	$	16,698	$	28,227	$	13,121,772	$	13,149,999

At March 31, 2021, reported delinquencies above include $255, $135 and $588 of active COVID-19 forbearance plans and subsequent short-term repayment plans in 30-59 days past due, 60-89 days past due, and 90 days or more past due, respectively. At September 30, 2020, reported delinquencies above include $1,125, $353 and $1,361 of active COVID-19 forbearance plans and subsequent short-term repayment plans in 30-59 days past due, 60-89 days past due, and 90 days or more past due, respectively. The remaining balance of active COVID-19 forbearance and subsequent short-term repayment plans are reported as current. As forbearance plans expire, those borrowers that do not enter subsequent workout plans or repay the deferred amounts in full are reported as 90 days or more past due.

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At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, real estate loans include $4,576 and $6,479, respectively, of loans that were in the process of foreclosure. Pursuant to the CARES Act and extensions by the Federal Housing Administration, most foreclosure proceedings are deferred until June 30, 2021 or later.

Loans are placed in non-accrual status when they are contractually 90 days or more past due. The number of days past due is determined by the number of scheduled payments that remain unpaid, assuming a period of 30 days between each scheduled payment. Loans with a partial charge-off are placed in non-accrual and will remain in non-accrual status until, at a minimum, the loss is recovered. Loans restructured in TDRs that were in non-accrual status prior to the restructurings and loans with forbearance plans that were subsequently restructured are reported in non-accrual status for a minimum of six months after restructuring. Loans restructured in TDRs with a high debt-to-income ratio at the time of modification are placed in non-accrual status for a minimum of 12 months. Additionally, home equity loans and lines of credit where the customer has a severely delinquent first mortgage loan and loans in Chapter 7 bankruptcy status where all borrowers have filed, and not reaffirmed or been dismissed, are placed in non-accrual status.

The amortized cost of loan receivables in non-accrual status is summarized in the following table. Non-accrual with no allowance for credit losses (ACL) describes non-accrual loans which have no quantitative or individual valuation allowance, primarily because they have already been collaterally reviewed and any required charge-offs have been taken, but may be included in consideration of qualitative allowance factors. Balances are adjusted for deferred loan fees and expenses. There are no loans 90 or more days past due and still accruing at March 31, 2021 or September 30, 2020.


	March 31, 2021				September 30, 2020
	Non-accrual with No ACL		Total Non-accrual		Total Non-accrual
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	28,735	$	31,066	$	31,823
Residential Home Today	8,810		9,292		10,372
Home equity loans and lines of credit	10,508		12,234		11,174

Total non-accrual loans	$	48,053	$	52,592	$	53,369

At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively, the amortized cost in non-accrual loans includes $34,148 and $36,835 which are performing according to the terms of their agreement, of which $18,843 and $20,334 are loans in Chapter 7 bankruptcy status, primarily where all borrowers have filed, and have not reaffirmed or been dismissed.

Interest on loans in accrual status is recognized in interest income as it accrues, on a daily basis. Accrued interest on loans in non-accrual status is reversed by a charge to interest income no later than 90 days past due and income is subsequently recognized only to the extent cash payments are received. The Company has elected not to measure an allowance for credit losses on accrued interest receivable amounts since amounts are written off timely. Cash payments on loans in non-accrual status are applied to the oldest scheduled, unpaid payment first. The amount of interest income recognized on non-accrual loans was $225 and $445, and $297 and $584 for the three and six months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively. At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, the balance of accrued interest receivable includes $1,644 and $2,540 of unpaid interest on active COVID-19 forbearance plans, respectively. Cash payments on loans with a partial charge-off are applied fully to principal, then to recovery of the charged off amount prior to interest income being recognized, except cash payments may be applied to interest capitalized in a restructuring when collection of remaining amounts due is considered probable. A non-accrual loan is generally returned to accrual status when contractual payments are less than 90 days past due. However, a loan may remain in non-accrual status when collectability is uncertain, such as a TDR that has not met minimum payment requirements, a loan with a partial charge-off, an equity loan or line of credit with a delinquent first mortgage greater than 90 days past due, or a loan in Chapter 7 bankruptcy status where all borrowers have filed, and have not reaffirmed or been dismissed.

Residential Core mortgage loans represent the largest portion of the residential real estate portfolio. While the Company believes overall credit risk is low based on the nature, composition, collateral, products, lien position and performance of the portfolio, it could be affected by the duration and depth of the impact from COVID-19. The portfolio does not include loan types or structures that have experienced severe performance problems at other financial institutions (sub-prime, no documentation or pay-option adjustable-rate mortgages). The portfolio contains "Smart Rate" adjustable-rate mortgage loans whereby the interest rate is locked initially for mainly three or five years then resets annually, subject to various re-lock options available to the borrower. Although the borrower is qualified for its loan at a higher rate than the initial one, the adjustable-rate feature may impact a borrower's ability to afford the higher payments upon rate reset during periods of rising interest rates

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while this repayment risk may be reduced in a declining or low rate environment. With limited historical loss experience compared to other types of loans in the portfolio, judgment is required by management in assessing the allowance required on adjustable-rate mortgage loans. The principal amount of adjustable-rate mortgage loans included in the Residential Core portfolio was $5,014,178 and $5,122,266 at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively.

Home Today loans have greater credit risk than traditional residential real estate mortgage loans. At both March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, approximately 12% of Home Today loans include private mortgage insurance coverage. The majority of the coverage on these loans was provided by PMI Mortgage Insurance Co., which was seized by the Arizona Department of Insurance in 2011 and currently pays all claim payments at 77.5%. Appropriate adjustments have been made to the Company’s affected valuation allowances and charge-offs, and estimated loss severity factors were adjusted accordingly for loans evaluated collectively. The amount of loans in the Company's owned residential portfolio covered by mortgage insurance provided by PMIC as of March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively, was $17,681 and $20,649, of which $16,488 and $19,681 was current. The amount of loans in the Company's owned residential portfolio covered by mortgage insurance provided by Mortgage Guaranty Insurance Corporation as of March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively, was $9,729 and $12,381, of which $9,392 and $12,381 was current. As of March 31, 2021, MGIC's long-term debt rating, as published by the major credit rating agencies, did not meet the requirements to qualify as "high credit quality" however, MGIC continues to make claim payments in accordance with its contractual obligations and the Company has not increased its estimated loss severity factors related to MGIC's claim paying ability. No other loans were covered by mortgage insurers that were deferring claim payments or which were assessed as being non-investment grade.

Loans held for sale include loans originated within the parameters of programs established by Fannie Mae, for sale to Fannie Mae, and loans originated for the held for investment portfolio that are later identified for sale. During the three and six months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, reclassifications to the held for sale portfolio included loans that were sold during the period, including those in contracts pending settlement at the end of the period, and loans originated for the held for investment portfolio that were later identified for sale. At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively, mortgage loans held for sale totaled $63,441 and $36,871. During the three and six months ended March 31, 2021, the principal balance of loans sold was $223,971 and $517,468, respectively, including $24,509 in contracts pending settlement. During the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, the principal balance of loans sold was $114,730 and $224,202, respectively, with no contracts pending settlement.

Home equity loans and lines of credit, which are comprised primarily of home equity lines of credit, represent a significant portion of the residential real estate portfolio and include monthly principal and interest payments throughout the entire term. Once the draw period on lines of credit has expired, the accounts are included in the home equity loan balance. The full credit exposure on home equity lines of credit is secured by the value of the collateral real estate at the time of origination. The impact of COVID-19 on employment, the general economy and, potentially, housing prices may adversely affect credit performance within the home equity loans and lines of credit portfolio.

The Company originates construction loans to individuals for the construction of their personal single-family residence by a qualified builder (construction/permanent loans). The Company’s construction/permanent loans generally provide for disbursements to the builder or sub-contractors during the construction phase as work progresses. During the construction phase, the borrower only pays interest on the drawn balance. Upon completion of construction, the loan converts to a permanent amortizing loan without the expense of a second closing. The Company offers construction/permanent loans with fixed or adjustable-rates, and a current maximum loan-to-completed-appraised value ratio of 80%. The Company also has one loan outstanding to a non-profit organization for a multi-use building project.

Other loans are comprised of loans secured by certificate of deposit accounts, which are fully recoverable in the event of non-payment, and forgivable down payment assistance loans, which are unsecured loans used as down payment assistance to borrowers qualified through partner housing agencies. The Company records a liability for the loans which are forgiven in equal increments over a pre-determined term, subject to residency requirements.

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For all classes of loans, a loan is considered collateral-dependent when, based on current information and events, the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale of the collateral or foreclosure is probable. Factors considered in determining that a loan is collateral-dependent may include the deteriorating financial condition of the borrower indicated by missed or delinquent payments, a pending legal action, such as bankruptcy or foreclosure, or the absence of adequate security for the loan.

Charge-offs on residential mortgage loans, home equity loans and lines of credit and construction loans are recognized when triggering events, such as foreclosure actions, short sales, or deeds accepted in lieu of repayment, result in less than full repayment of the amortized cost in the loans.

Partial or full charge-offs are also recognized for the amount of credit losses on loans considered collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty as described by meeting the conditions below.

•For residential mortgage loans, payments are greater than 180 days delinquent;

•For home equity lines of credit, equity loans, and residential loans restructured in a TDR, payments are greater than 90 days delinquent;

•For all classes of loans in a TDR forbearance plan, original payments are greater than 150 days past due;

•For all classes of loans restructured in a TDR with a high debt-to-income ratio at time of modification;

•For all classes of loans, a sheriff sale is scheduled within 60 days to sell the collateral securing the loan;

•For all classes of loans, all borrowers have been discharged of their obligation through a Chapter 7 bankruptcy;

•For all classes of loans, within 60 days of notification, all borrowers obligated on the loan have filed Chapter 7 bankruptcy and have not reaffirmed or been dismissed;

•For all classes of loans, a borrower obligated on a loan has filed bankruptcy and the loan is greater than 30 days delinquent;

•For all classes of loans, a forbearance plan has been extended greater than 12 months; and

•For all classes of loans, it becomes evident that a loss is probable.

Collateral-dependent residential mortgage loans and construction loans are charged off to the extent the amortized cost in the loan, net of anticipated mortgage insurance claims, exceeds the fair value, less estimated costs to dispose of the underlying property. Management can determine if the loan is uncollectible for reasons such as foreclosures exceeding a reasonable time frame and recommend a full charge-off. Home equity loans or lines of credit are charged off to the extent the amortized cost in the loan plus the balance of any senior liens exceeds the fair value, less estimated costs to dispose of the underlying property, or management determines the collateral is not sufficient to satisfy the loan. A loan in any portfolio identified as collateral-dependent will continue to be reported as such until it is no longer considered collateral-dependent, is less than 30 days past due and does not have a prior charge-off. A loan in any portfolio that has a partial charge-off will continue to be individually evaluated for credit loss until, at a minimum, the loss has been recovered.

Residential mortgage loans, home equity loans and lines of credit and construction loans restructured in TDRs that are not evaluated based on collateral are separately evaluated for credit losses on a loan by loan basis at the time of restructuring and at each subsequent reporting date for as long as they are reported as TDRs. The credit loss evaluation is based on the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the effective interest rate of the original loan. Expected future cash flows include a discount factor representing a potential for default. Valuation allowances are recorded for the excess of the amortized costs over the result of the cash flow analysis. Loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy are reported as TDRs and also evaluated based on the present value of expected future cash flows unless evaluated based on collateral. We evaluate these loans using the expected future cash flows because we expect the borrower, not liquidation of the collateral, to be the source of repayment for the loan. Other loans are not considered for restructuring.

At March 31, 2021, individually evaluated loans that required an allowance were comprised only of loans evaluated for credit losses based on the present value of cash flows, such as performing TDRs, and, prior to October 1, 2020, loans with an indication of further deterioration in the fair value of the property not yet supported by a full review and collateral evaluation. All other individually evaluated loans received a charge-off, if applicable. At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively, allowances on individually reviewed loans evaluated for credit losses (IVAs) included those based on the present value of cash flows, such as performing TDRs, were 12,731 and $12,830, and quantitative allowances on loans with further deterioration in the fair value of the property not yet supported by a full review were $0 and $20.

Initial concessions granted for loans restructured as TDRs may include reduction of interest rate, extension of amortization period, forbearance or other actions. Some TDRs have experienced a combination of concessions. TDRs also may occur as a result of bankruptcy proceedings. Loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy are classified as multiple restructurings

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if the loan's original terms had also been restructured by the Company. The amortized cost in TDRs by category as of March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020 is shown in the tables below.


March 31, 2021	Initial Restructuring		Multiple Restructurings		Bankruptcy		Total
Residential Core	$	31,908	$	22,401	$	14,951	$	69,260
Residential Home Today	13,577		14,917		2,946		31,440
Home equity loans and lines of credit	28,582		3,404		2,051		34,037

Total	$	74,067	$	40,722	$	19,948	$	134,737


September 30, 2020	Initial Restructuring		Multiple Restructurings		Bankruptcy		Total
Residential Core	$	32,095	$	22,689	$	16,021	$	70,805
Residential Home Today	15,023		15,315		3,113		33,451
Home equity loans and lines of credit	31,679		2,954		2,411		37,044

Total	$	78,797	$	40,958	$	21,545	$	141,300

TDRs may be restructured more than once. Among other requirements, a subsequent restructuring may be available for a borrower upon the expiration of temporary restructuring terms if the borrower is unable to resume contractually scheduled loan payments. If the borrower is experiencing an income curtailment that temporarily has reduced their capacity to repay, such as loss of employment, reduction of work hours, non-paid leave or short-term disability, a temporary restructuring is considered. If the borrower lacks the capacity to repay the loan at the current terms due to a permanent condition, a permanent restructuring is considered. In evaluating the need for a subsequent restructuring, the borrower’s ability to repay is generally assessed utilizing a debt to income and cash flow analysis.

For all TDRs restructured during the three and six months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020 (set forth in the tables below), the pre-restructured outstanding amortized cost was not materially different from the post-restructured outstanding amortized cost.

New TDRs increased during recent periods presented due to forbearance plan extensions that do not qualify for TDR suspension and subsequent modifications on loans with forbearance plans, but were outpaced by paydowns, payoffs and refinances as total TDRs continued to decrease. The following tables set forth the amortized cost in TDRs restructured during the periods presented.


	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
	Initial Restructuring		Multiple Restructurings		Bankruptcy		Total
Residential Core	$	3,051	$	970	$	534	$	4,555
Residential Home Today	162		613		17		792
Home equity loans and lines of credit	218		513		37		768
Total	$	3,431	$	2,096	$	588	$	6,115


	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
	Initial Restructuring		Multiple Restructurings		Bankruptcy		Total
Residential Core	$	1,714	$	354	$	452	$	2,520
Residential Home Today	322		581		273		1,176
Home equity loans and lines of credit	447		72		35		554
Total	$	2,483	$	1,007	$	760	$	4,250

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	For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2021
	Initial Restructuring		Multiple Restructurings		Bankruptcy		Total
Residential Core	$	5,159	$	1,487	$	911	$	7,557
Residential Home Today	191		1,076		110		1,377
Home equity loans and lines of credit	362		776		87		1,225
Total	$	5,712	$	3,339	$	1,108	$	10,159


	For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2020
	Initial Restructuring		Multiple Restructurings		Bankruptcy		Total
Residential Core	$	2,513	$	2,024	$	779	$	5,316
Residential Home Today	587		1,330		311		2,228
Home equity loans and lines of credit	697		446		274		1,417
Total	$	3,797	$	3,800	$	1,364	$	8,961

The tables below summarize information about TDRs restructured within 12 months of the period presented for which there was a subsequent payment default, at least 30 days past due on one scheduled payment, during the periods presented.


	For the Three Months Ended March 31,
	2021			2020
TDRs That Subsequently Defaulted	Number of Contracts	Amortized Cost		Number of Contracts	Amortized Cost
Residential Core	3	$	421	18	$	2,265
Residential Home Today	7	241		12	557
Home equity loans and lines of credit	1	22		7	640
Total	11	$	684	37	$	3,462


	For the Six Months Ended March 31,
	2021			2020
TDRs That Subsequently Defaulted	Number of Contracts	Amortized Cost		Number of Contracts	Amortized Cost
Residential Core	3	$	421	18	$	2,265
Residential Home Today	7	241		13	612
Home equity loans and lines of credit	3	92		8	664
Total	13	$	754	39	$	3,541

The following tables provide information about the credit quality of residential loan receivables by an internally assigned grade. Revolving loans reported at amortized cost include equity lines of credit currently in their draw period. Revolving loans converted to term are equity lines of credit that are in repayment. Equity loans and bridge loans are segregated by origination year. Loans, or the portions of loans, classified as loss are fully charged off in the period in which they are determined to be uncollectible; therefore they are not included in the following table. No Home Today loans are classified Special Mention. No construction loans are classified Substandard. Balances are adjusted for deferred loan fees and expenses and any applicable loans-in-process.

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													Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans
	By fiscal year of origination												Amortized		Converted
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Cost Basis		To Term		Total
March 31, 2021
Real estate loans:
Residential Core
Pass	$	1,525,707	$	2,050,984	$	942,551	$	1,050,298	$	1,218,071	$	3,652,542	$	—	$	—	$	10,440,153
Special Mention	—		—		111		920		334		1,260		—		—		2,625
Substandard	—		1,845		1,618		2,351		1,971		36,809		—		—		44,594
Total Residential Core	1,525,707		2,052,829		944,280		1,053,569		1,220,376		3,690,611		—		—		10,487,372
Residential Home Today (1)
Pass	—		—		—		—		—		58,369		—		—		58,369

Substandard	—		—		—		—		—		11,087		—		—		11,087
Total Residential Home Today	—		—		—		—		—		69,456		—		—		69,456
Home equity loans and lines of credit
Pass	24,154		18,354		17,111		15,892		13,999		$	8,636	1,892,825		160,900		2,151,871
Special Mention	—		64		14		—		—		11		844		480		1,413
Substandard	—		—		110		29		140		33		2,995		11,399		14,706
Total Home equity loans and lines of credit	24,154		18,418		17,235		15,921		14,139		8,680		1,896,664		172,779		2,167,990
Construction
Pass	6,947		14,135		—		—		—		—		—		—		21,082
Special Mention	995		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		995
Total Construction	7,942		14,135		—		—		—		—		—		—		22,077
Total real estate loans
Pass	1,556,808		2,083,473		959,662		1,066,190		1,232,070		3,719,547		1,892,825		160,900		12,671,475
Special Mention	995		64		125		920		334		1,271		844		480		5,033
Substandard	—		$	1,845	$	1,728	$	2,380	$	2,111	$	47,929	$	2,995	$	11,399	$	70,387
Total real estate loans	$	1,557,803	$	2,085,382	$	961,515	$	1,069,490	$	1,234,515	$	3,768,747	$	1,896,664	$	172,779	$	12,746,895

(1) No new originations of Home Today loans since fiscal 2016.

The following tables provides the credit risk rating by portfolio as of the date presented.


	Pass		Special Mention		Substandard		Loss		Total
September 30, 2020
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	10,748,284	$	3,535	$	39,349	$	—	$	10,791,168
Residential Home Today	62,462		—		12,352		—		74,814
Home equity loans and lines of credit	2,241,434		3,057		14,509		—		2,259,000
Construction	22,436		—		—		—		22,436
Total real estate loans	$	13,074,616	$	6,592	$	66,210	$	—	$	13,147,418

The home equity lines of credit converted from revolving to term loans during the three and six months ended March 31, 2021 totaled $3,055 and $5,795, respectively.

Residential loans are internally assigned a grade that complies with the guidelines outlined in the OCC’s Handbook for Rating Credit Risk. Pass loans are assets well protected by the current paying capacity of the borrower. Special Mention loans have a potential weakness, as evaluated based on delinquency status or nature of the product, that the Company feels deserve management’s attention and may result in further deterioration in their repayment prospects and/or the Company’s credit position. Substandard loans are inadequately protected by the current payment capacity of the borrower or the collateral pledged

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with a defined weakness that jeopardizes the liquidation of the debt. Also included in Substandard are performing home equity loans and lines of credit where the customer has a severely delinquent first mortgage to which the performing home equity loan or line of credit is subordinate and all loans in Chapter 7 bankruptcy status where all borrowers have filed, and have not reaffirmed or been dismissed. Loss loans are considered uncollectible and are charged off when identified. Loss loans are of such little value that their continuance as bankable assets is not warranted even though partial recovery may be effected in the future.

At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively, $87,364 and $92,439 of TDRs individually evaluated for credit loss have adequately performed under the terms of the restructuring and are classified as Pass loans. At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively, $2,625 and $3,535 of loans classified Special Mention are residential mortgage loans purchased which were current and performing at the time of purchase. These loans are designated Special Mention due to the absence of mortgage insurance coverage and potentially weaker repayment prospects when compared with the Company's originated residential Core portfolio.

Other loans are internally assigned a grade of non-performing when they become 90 days or more past due. At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, no other loans were graded as non-performing.

The Company adopted the CECL allowance methodology as of October 1, 2020 using the modified retrospective approach, replacing the previous incurred loss methodology. The allowance for credit losses now represents the estimate of lifetime loss in our loan portfolio and unfunded loan commitments. An allowance is established using relevant available information, relating to past events, current conditions and supportable forecasts. The Company utilizes loan level regression models with forecasted economic data to derive the probability of default and loss given default factors. These factors are used to calculate the loan level credit loss over a 24-month period with an immediate reversion to historical mean loss rates for the remaining life of the loans.

Historical credit loss experience provides the basis for the estimation of expected credit losses. Qualitative adjustments to historical loss information are made for differences in current loan-specific risk characteristics such as differences in underwriting standards, portfolio mix, delinquency status or likely recovery of previous loan charge-offs. Qualitative adjustments for expected changes in environmental conditions, such as changes in unemployment rates, property values or other relevant factors are recognized when forecasted economic data used in the model differs from management's view or contains significant unobservable changes within a short period, particularly when those changes are directionally positive. Identifiable model limitations may also lead to qualitative adjustments. For the three and six months ended March 31, 2021, a qualitative adjustment was made to the allowance for credit losses to align forecasted model results with management's view of the future. The published economic forecasts were more optimistic than management felt was appropriate due to the continued uncertainty in the economy related to the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative adjustment was also made to reflect the expected recovery of loan amounts previously charged off, beyond what the model is able to project. This adjustment resulted in a negative ending balance on the allowance for credit losses for the Home Today portfolio, where recoveries are expected to exceed charge-offs over the remaining life of that portfolio. Adjustments are evaluated quarterly based on current facts and circumstances.

Activity in the allowance for credit losses by portfolio segment is summarized as follows. See Note 11. LOAN COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES for further details on the allowance for unfunded commitments.


	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021
	Beginning Balance		Provisions		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Ending Balance
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	46,351	$	88	$	(408)	$	515	$	46,546
Residential Home Today	(568)		(489)		(199)		551		(705)
Home equity loans and lines of credit	23,752		(3,417)		(764)		1,665		21,236
Construction	755		(83)		—		—		672
Total real estate loans	$	70,290	$	(3,901)	$	(1,371)	$	2,731	$	67,749
Total Unfunded Loan Commitments (1)	$	22,052	$	(99)	$	—	$	—	$	21,953
Total Allowance for Credit Losses	$	92,342	$	(4,000)	$	(1,371)	$	2,731	$	89,702

(1) Total allowance for unfunded loan commitments is recorded in other liabilities on the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION (unaudited) and primarily relates to undrawn home equity lines of credit.

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	For the Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
	Beginning Balance		Provisions		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Ending Balance
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	18,312	$	(837)	$	(472)	$	364	$	17,367
Residential Home Today	4,232		407		(229)		660		5,070
Home equity loans and lines of credit	14,744		6,429		(612)		1,384		21,945
Construction	4		1		—		—		5
Total real estate loans	$	37,292	$	6,000	$	(1,313)	$	2,408	$	44,387


	For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2021
	Beginning Balance		Adoption of ASU 2016-13		Provisions		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Ending Balance
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	22,381	$	23,927	$	(268)	$	(469)	$	975	$	46,546
Residential Home Today	5,654		(5,217)		(1,808)		(308)		974		(705)
Home equity loans and lines of credit	18,898		5,258		(4,366)		(1,448)		2,894		21,236
Construction	4		127		541		—		—		672
Total real estate loans	$	46,937	$	24,095	$	(5,901)	$	(2,225)	$	4,843	$	67,749
Total Unfunded Loan Commitments (1)	$	—	$	22,052	$	(99)	$	—	$	—	$	21,953
Total Allowance for Credit Losses	$	46,937	$	46,147	$	(6,000)	$	(2,225)	$	4,843	$	89,702


	For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2020
	Beginning Balance		Provisions		Charge-offs		Recoveries		Ending Balance
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	19,753	$	(2,603)	$	(957)	$	1,174	$	17,367
Residential Home Today	4,209		262		(588)		1,187		5,070
Home equity loans and lines of credit	14,946		5,341		(1,357)		3,015		21,945
Construction	5		—		—		—		5
Total real estate loans	$	38,913	$	3,000	$	(2,902)	$	5,376	$	44,387

The recorded investment in total real estate loans and an analysis of the allowance for loan losses at September 30, 2020 is summarized in the following table, under previously applicable GAAP. The table provides details of the recorded balances and the allowance for loan losses according to the method of evaluation used for determining the allowance for loan losses, distinguishing between determinations made by evaluating individual loans and determinations made by evaluating groups of loans collectively. Balances of recorded investments are adjusted for deferred loan fees and expenses and any applicable loans-in-process. Other loans are all collectively reviewed and do not require an allowance.


September 30, 2020	Recorded Investment						Allowance for Loan Loss
	Individually		Collectively		Total		Individually		Collectively		Total
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	79,200	$	10,711,968	$	10,791,168	$	6,963	$	15,418	$	22,381
Residential Home Today	34,261		40,553		74,814		2,085		3,569		5,654
Home equity loans and lines of credit	41,756		2,217,244		2,259,000		3,802		15,096		18,898
Construction	—		22,436		22,436		—		4		4
Total real estate loans	$	155,217	$	12,992,201	$	13,147,418	$	12,850	$	34,087	$	46,937

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The recorded investment, unpaid principal balance, related allowance, average recorded investment over the fiscal year and income recognized over the fiscal year for impaired loans, including those reported as TDRs, as of September 30, 2020, are summarized as follows. Balances of recorded investments are adjusted for deferred loan fees and expenses.


September 30, 2020	Recorded Investment		Unpaid Principal Balance		Related Allowance		Average Recorded Investment (YTD)		Interest Income Recognized (YTD)
With no related IVA recorded:
Residential Core	$	41,164	$	53,957	$	—	$	42,643	$	1,405
Residential Home Today	11,963		30,603		—		12,364		204
Home equity loans and lines of credit	13,989		18,617		—		16,259		321
Total	$	67,116	$	103,177	$	—	$	71,266	$	1,930
With an IVA recorded:
Residential Core	$	38,036	$	38,103	$	6,963	$	40,492	$	1,172
Residential Home Today	22,298		22,272		2,085		23,247		1,086
Home equity loans and lines of credit	27,767		27,809		3,802		27,842		663
Total	$	88,101	$	88,184	$	12,850	$	91,581	$	2,921
Total impaired loans:
Residential Core	$	79,200	$	92,060	$	6,963	$	83,135	$	2,577
Residential Home Today	34,261		52,875		2,085		35,611		1,290
Home equity loans and lines of credit	41,756		46,426		3,802		44,101		984
Total	$	155,217	$	191,361	$	12,850	$	162,847	$	4,851

5.DEPOSITS

Deposit account balances are summarized as follows:


	March 31, 2021		September 30, 2020
Checking accounts	$	1,112,459	$	996,682
Savings accounts, excluding money market accounts	1,195,755		1,106,243
Money market accounts	563,659		520,422
Certificates of deposit	6,364,416		6,599,139
	9,236,289		9,222,486
Accrued interest	2,122		3,068
Total deposits	$	9,238,411	$	9,225,554

Brokered certificates of deposit (exclusive of acquisition costs and subsequent amortization), which are used as a cost effective funding alternative, totaled $572,430 at March 31, 2021 and $553,860 at September 30, 2020. The FDIC places restrictions on banks with regard to issuing brokered deposits based on the bank's capital classification. As a well-capitalized institution at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, the Association may accept brokered deposits without FDIC restrictions.

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6. BORROWED FUNDS

Federal Home Loan Bank borrowings at March 31, 2021 are summarized in the table below.


	Amount		Weighted Average Rate
Maturing in:
12 months or less	$	2,750,154	0.22	%
13 to 24 months	955		1.00	%
25 to 36 months	250,000		1.70	%
37 to 48 months	275,000		1.69	%
49 to 60 months	—		—	%
Over 60 months	16,169		1.67	%
Total FHLB Advances	3,292,278		0.46	%
Accrued interest	1,439
Total	$	3,293,717

For the six month periods ending March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020 net interest expense related to Federal Home Loan Bank short-term borrowings was $25,836 and $28,430, respectively.

Through the use of interest rate swaps discussed in Note 13. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS, $2,750,000 of FHLB advances included in the table above as maturing in 12 months or less, have effective maturities, assuming no early terminations of the swap contracts, as shown below:


	Amount		Swap Adjusted Weighted Average Rate
Effective maturity:
12 months or less	$	675,000	1.58	%
13 to 24 months	650,000		1.92	%
25 to 36 months	100,000		1.04	%
37 to 48 months	450,000		1.54	%
49 to 60 months	500,000		2.01	%
Over 60 months	375,000		2.25	%
Total FHLB Advances under swap contracts	$	2,750,000	1.80	%

During fiscal year 2020, $115,000 of FHLB advances and $100,000 of swap contracts related to those advances, with original maturity dates in fiscal 2023, were terminated, resulting in the immediate recognition of $8,905 of interest expense and prepayment related fees. The weighted average interest rate, including the impact of the swap contracts, on those advances repaid was 2.92%.

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7. OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

The change in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) by component is as follows:


	For the Three Months Ended								For the Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2021								March 31, 2020
	Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities Available for Sale		Cash Flow Hedges		Defined Benefit Plan		Total		Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities Available for Sale		Cash Flow Hedges		Defined Benefit Plan		Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	3,321	$	(103,007)	$	(21,887)	$	(121,573)	$	758	$	(29,710)	$	(21,847)	$	(50,799)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax expense (benefit) of $7,413 and $(21,567)	(485)		25,281		—		24,796		9,253		(90,388)		—		(81,135)
Amounts reclassified, net of tax expense (benefit) of $2,454 and $285	—		8,708		466		9,174		—		619		452		1,071
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(485)		33,989		466		33,970		9,253		(89,769)		452		(80,064)
Balance at end of period	$	2,836	$	(69,018)	$	(21,421)	$	(87,603)	$	10,011	$	(119,479)	$	(21,395)	$	(130,863)


	For the Six Months Ended								For the Six Months Ended
	March 31, 2021								March 31, 2020
	Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities Available for Sale		Cash Flow Hedges		Defined Benefit Plan		Total		Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Securities Available for Sale		Cash Flow Hedges		Defined Benefit Plan		Total
Balance at beginning of period	$	4,694	$	(114,306)	$	(22,353)	$	(131,965)	$	(2,165)	$	(44,915)	$	(22,299)	$	(69,379)
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications, net of tax expense (benefit) of $7,939 and $(16,545)	(1,858)		27,726		—		25,868		12,176		(74,416)		—		(62,240)
Amounts reclassified, net of tax expense (benefit) of $4,947 and $201	—		17,562		932		18,494		—		(148)		904		756
Other comprehensive income (loss)	(1,858)		45,288		932		44,362		12,176		(74,564)		904		(61,484)

Balance at end of period	$	2,836	$	(69,018)	$	(21,421)	$	(87,603)	$	10,011	$	(119,479)	$	(21,395)	$	(130,863)

The following table presents the reclassification adjustment out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) included in net income and the corresponding line item on the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME for the periods indicated:

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	Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income				Amounts Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income Components	For the Three Months Ended March 31,				For the Six Months Ended March 31,				Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Income
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Cash flow hedges:
Interest (income) expense	$	11,023	$	784	$	22,231	$	(187)	Interest expense
Net income tax effect	(2,315)		(165)		(4,669)		39		Income tax expense
Net of income tax expense (benefit)	8,708		619		17,562		(148)

Amortization of defined benefit plan:
Actuarial loss	605		572		1,210		1,144		(a)
Net income tax effect	(139)		(120)		(278)		(240)		Income tax expense
Net of income tax expense (benefit)	466		452		932		904


Total reclassifications for the period	$	9,174	$	1,071	$	18,494	$	756

(a) This item is included in the computation of net periodic pension cost. See Note 9. DEFINED BENEFIT PLAN for additional disclosure.

8. INCOME TAXES

The Company and its subsidiaries file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and in various state and city jurisdictions. The Company is no longer subject to income tax examinations in its major jurisdictions for tax years prior to 2017.

The Company recognizes interest and penalties on income tax assessments or income tax refunds, where applicable, in the financial statements as a component of its provision for income taxes.

The Company’s combined federal and state effective income tax rate was 19.7% and 14.6% for the six months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate is primarily due to the impact of a CARES Act provision, which permitted a carry back of net tax operating losses to years taxed at higher rates, and resulted in a tax benefit of $2.8 million during the six months ended March 31, 2020. This is slightly offset by an increase in permanent tax benefits from BOLI contracts, as $70,000 of additional premiums were placed during the six months ended March 31, 2021. Additionally, there was an increase in excess tax benefits associated with equity compensation during the six months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the six months ended March 31, 2020.

The Company makes certain investments in limited partnerships which invest in affordable housing projects that qualify for the Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC). The Company acts as a limited partner in these investments and does not exert control over the operating or financial policies of the partnership. The Company accounts for its interests in LIHTCs using the proportional amortization method. The impact of the Company's investments in tax credit entities on the provision for income taxes was not material during the six months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020.

9. DEFINED BENEFIT PLAN

The Third Federal Savings Retirement Plan (the “Plan”) is a defined benefit pension plan. Effective December 31, 2002, the Plan was amended to limit participation to employees who met the Plan’s eligibility requirements on that date. Effective December 31, 2011, the Plan was amended to freeze future benefit accruals for participants in the Plan. After December 31, 2002, employees not participating in the Plan, upon meeting the applicable eligibility requirements, and those eligible participants who no longer receive service credits under the Plan, participate in a separate tier of the Company’s defined contribution 401(k) Savings Plan. Benefits under the Plan are based on years of service and the employee’s average annual compensation (as defined in the Plan) through December 31, 2011. The funding policy of the Plan is consistent with the funding requirements of U.S. federal and other governmental laws and regulations. In the three and six months ended March 31, 2021, a settlement adjustment was recognized as a result of lump sum payments from the Plan exceeding the interest costs for the period.

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The components of net periodic cost recognized in other non-interest expense in the UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME are as follows:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	March 31,				March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020

Interest cost	$	609	$	700	$	1,218	$	1,399
Expected return on plan assets	(1,175)		(1,163)		(2,351)		(2,326)
Amortization of net loss	605		572		1,210		1,144



Recognized net loss due to settlement	407		—		407		—
Net periodic cost	$	446	$	109	$	484	$	217

There were no required minimum employer contributions during the six months ended March 31, 2021. There are no required minimum employer contributions expected during the remainder of the fiscal year ending September 30, 2021.

10. EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN

In December 2020, 433,850 restricted stock units were granted to certain directors, officers and managers of the Company and 59,900 performance share units were granted to certain officers of the Company. During the six months ended March 31, 2021, there were 8,064 performance shares earned and added to those granted in December 2018, according to the targeted performance formula. The awards were made pursuant to the Amended and Restated 2008 Equity Incentive Plan, which was approved at the annual meeting of shareholders held on February 22, 2018.

The following table presents share-based compensation expense recognized during the periods presented.


	Three Months Ended March 31,				Six Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Stock option expense	$	—	$	134	$	68	$	322
Restricted stock units expense	1,104		799		2,334		1,659
Performance share units expense	443		$	227	711		368
Total stock-based compensation expense	$	1,547	$	1,160	$	3,113	$	2,349

At March 31, 2021, 3,017,600 shares were subject to options, with a weighted average exercise price of $14.24 per share and a weighted average grant date fair value of $2.57 per share. At March 31, 2021, 521,466 restricted stock units and 184,264 performance share units with a weighted average grant date fair value of $17.68 and $17.45 per unit, respectively, are unvested. Expected future compensation expense relating to the 1,287,214 restricted stock units and 184,264 performance share units outstanding as of March 31, 2021 is $6,870 over a weighted average period of 2.4 years and $1,174 over a weighted average period of 2.0 years, respectively. Each unit is equivalent to one share of common stock.

11. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

In the normal course of business, the Company enters into commitments with off-balance sheet risk to meet the financing needs of its customers. Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend to a customer as long as there is no violation of any condition established in the contract. Commitments to originate loans generally have fixed expiration dates of 60 to 360 days or other termination clauses and may require payment of a fee. Unfunded commitments related to home equity lines of credit generally expire from five to 10 years following the date that the line of credit was established, subject to various conditions, including compliance with payment obligations, adequacy of collateral securing the line and maintenance of a satisfactory credit profile by the borrower. Since some of the commitments may expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amounts do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.

Off-balance sheet commitments to extend credit involve elements of credit risk and interest rate risk in excess of the amount recognized in assets on the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION. The Company’s exposure to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the other party to the commitment is represented by the contractual amount of the commitment. The Company generally uses the same credit policies in making commitments as it does for on-balance-sheet instruments. The allowance related to off-balance sheet commitments is recorded in other liabilities in the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION. Refer to Note 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCES FOR CREDIT LOSSES for discussion on

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credit loss methodology. Interest rate risk on commitments to extend credit results from the possibility that interest rates may have moved unfavorably from the position of the Company since the time the commitment was made.

At March 31, 2021, the Company had commitments to originate loans and related allowances as follows:


	Commitment		Allowance
Fixed-rate mortgage loans	$	377,323	$	1,514
Adjustable-rate mortgage loans	173,605		718
Equity loans and lines of credit	225,796		2,286
Total	$	776,724	$	4,518

At March 31, 2021, the Company had unfunded commitments outstanding and related allowances as follows:


	Commitment		Allowance
Equity lines of credit	$	2,897,742	$	17,013
Construction loans	34,529		422
Total	$	2,932,271	$	17,435

At March 31, 2021, the unfunded commitment on home equity lines of credit, including commitments for accounts suspended as a result of material default or a decline in equity, was $2,911,838.

At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, the Company had $27,016 and $36,078, respectively, in commitments to securitize and sell mortgage loans.

At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, the Company had $20,000 and $0, respectively, in commitments to issue brokered certificates of deposit.

The above commitments are expected to be funded through normal operations.

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to various legal actions arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management, the resolution of these legal actions is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s consolidated financial condition, results of operation, or statements of cash flows.

12. FAIR VALUE

Under U.S. GAAP, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset, or paid to transfer a liability, in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date under current market conditions. A fair value framework is established whereby assets and liabilities measured at fair value are grouped into three levels of a fair value hierarchy, based on the transparency of inputs and the reliability of assumptions used to estimate fair value. The three levels of inputs are defined as follows:


Level 1 –						quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
Level 2 –						quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets with few transactions, or model-based valuation techniques using assumptions that are observable in the market.
Level 3 –						a company’s own assumptions about how market participants would price an asset or liability.

As permitted under the fair value guidance in U.S. GAAP, the Company elects to measure at fair value mortgage loans classified as held for sale that are subject to pending agency contracts to securitize and sell loans. This election is expected to reduce volatility in earnings related to market fluctuations between the contract trade and settlement dates. At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively, there were $24,509 and $36,078 of loans held for sale, all of which were current, with unpaid principal balances of $23,987 and $34,179, subject to pending agency contracts for which the fair value option was elected. Included in the net gain on the sale of loans is $797 for both the three and six months ending March 31, 2021 and $0 for both the three and six months ending March 31, 2020, respectively, related to the changes during the period in fair value of loans held for sale subject to pending agency contracts.

Presented below is a discussion of the methods and significant assumptions used by the Company to estimate fair value.

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Investment Securities Available for Sale—Investment securities available for sale are recorded at fair value on a recurring basis. At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively, this includes $421,021 and $453,438 of investments in U.S. government obligations including highly liquid collateralized mortgage obligations issued by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae, measured using the market approach. The fair values of investment securities represent unadjusted price estimates obtained from third party independent nationally recognized pricing services using pricing models or quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics and are included in Level 2 of the hierarchy. Third party pricing is reviewed on a monthly basis for reasonableness based on the market knowledge and experience of company personnel that interact daily with the markets for these types of securities.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale—The fair value of mortgage loans held for sale is estimated on an aggregate basis using a market approach based on quoted secondary market pricing for loan portfolios with similar characteristics. Loans held for sale are carried at the lower of cost or fair value except, as described above, the Company elects the fair value measurement option for mortgage loans held for sale subject to pending agency contracts to securitize and sell loans. Loans held for sale are included in Level 2 of the hierarchy. At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, there were $24,509 and $36,078, respectively, of loans held for sale measured at fair value and $38,932 and $793, respectively, of loans held for sale carried at cost. Interest income on mortgage loans held for sale is recorded in interest income on loans.

Collateral-dependent Loans—Collateral-dependent loans represent certain loans held for investment that are subject to a fair value measurement under U.S. GAAP because they are individually evaluated using a fair value measurement, such as the fair value of the underlying collateral. Credit loss is measured using a market approach based on the fair value of the collateral, less estimated costs to dispose, for loans the Company considers to be collateral-dependent due to a delinquency status or other adverse condition severe enough to indicate that the borrower can no longer be relied upon as the continued source of repayment. These conditions are described more fully in Note 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCES FOR CREDIT LOSSES. To calculate the credit loss of collateral-dependent loans, the fair market values of the collateral, estimated using exterior appraisals in the majority of instances, are reduced by calculated estimated costs to dispose, derived from historical experience and recent market conditions. Any indicated credit loss is recognized by a charge to the allowance for credit losses. Subsequent increases in collateral values or principal pay downs on loans with recognized credit loss could result in a collateral-dependent loan being carried below its fair value. When no credit loss is indicated, the carrying amount is considered to approximate the fair value of that loan to the Company because contractually that is the maximum recovery the Company can expect. The amortized cost of loans individually evaluated for credit loss based on the fair value of the collateral are included in Level 3 of the hierarchy with assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis. The range and weighted average impact of estimated costs to dispose on fair values is determined at the time of credit loss or when additional credit loss is recognized and is included in quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs later in this note.

Loans held for investment that have been restructured in TDRs, are performing according to the restructured terms of the loan agreement and not evaluated based on collateral are individually evaluated for credit loss using the present value of future cash flows based on the loan’s effective interest rate, which is not a fair value measurement. At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively, this included $89,077 and $94,495 in amortized cost of TDRs with related allowances for loss of $12,731 and $12,830.

Real Estate Owned—Real estate owned includes real estate acquired as a result of foreclosure or by deed in lieu of foreclosure and is carried at the lower of the cost basis or fair value, less estimated costs to dispose. The carrying amounts of real estate owned at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020 were $0 and $185, respectively. Fair value is estimated under the market approach using independent third party appraisals. As these properties are actively marketed, estimated fair values may be adjusted by management to reflect current economic and market conditions. At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, these adjustments were not significant to reported fair values. At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, respectively, $0 and $213 of real estate owned is included in Level 3 of the hierarchy with assets measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis where the cost basis equals or exceeds the estimate of fair values, less estimated costs to dispose of these properties. Real estate owned, included in Other assets in the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION, includes estimated costs to dispose of $0 and $28 related to properties measured at fair value and no properties carried at their original or adjusted cost basis at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020.

Derivatives—Derivative instruments include interest rate locks on commitments to originate loans for the held for sale portfolio, forward commitments on contracts to deliver mortgage loans and interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges. Derivatives not designated as cash flow hedges are reported at fair value in Other assets or Other liabilities on the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION with changes in value recorded in current earnings. Derivatives qualifying as cash flow hedges are settled daily, bringing the fair value to $0. Refer to Note 13. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS for additional information on cash flow hedges. The fair value of interest rate lock commitments is adjusted by a closure rate based on the estimated percentage of commitments that will result in closed loans. The range and weighted average impact of the closure rate is included in quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs later in this note. A significant change

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in the closure rate may result in a significant change in the ending fair value measurement of these derivatives relative to their total fair value. Because the closure rate is a significantly unobservable assumption, interest rate lock commitments are included in Level 3 of the hierarchy. Forward commitments on contracts to deliver mortgage loans are included in Level 2 of the hierarchy.

Assets and liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis in the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020 are summarized below. There were no liabilities carried at fair value on a recurring basis at March 31, 2021.


			Recurring Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
	March 31, 2021		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
			(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Investment securities available for sale:

REMICs	$	415,101	$	—	$	415,101	$	—
Fannie Mae certificates	5,920		—		5,920		—

Mortgage loans held for sale	24,509		—		24,509		—
Derivatives:
Interest rate lock commitments	821		—		—		821
Forward commitments for the sale of mortgage loans	47		—		47		—

Total	$	446,398	$	—	$	445,577	$	821


			Recurring Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
	September 30, 2020		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
			(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Assets
Investment securities available for sale:

REMIC's	$	447,203	$	—	$	447,203	$	—
Fannie Mae certificates	6,235		—		6,235		—
Mortgage loans held for sale	36,078		—		36,078		—
Derivatives:
Interest rate lock commitments	1,194		—		—		1,194

Total	$	490,710	$	—	$	489,516	$	1,194

Liabilities
Derivatives:
Forward commitments for the sale of mortgage loans	$	134	$	—	$	134	$	—

Total	$	134	$	—	$	134	$	—

The table below presents a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances and the location within the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME where gains (losses) due to changes in fair value are recognized on interest rate lock commitments which are measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3).

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	Three Months Ended March 31,				Six Months Ended March 31,
	2021		2020		2021		2020
Beginning balance	$	1,231	$	54	$	1,194	$	44
(Loss)/Gain during the period due to changes in fair value:
Included in other non-interest income	(410)		538		(373)		548
Ending balance	$	821	$	592	$	821	$	592
Change in unrealized gains for the period included in earnings for assets held at end of the reporting date	$	821	$	592	$	821	$	592

Summarized in the tables below are those assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.


			Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
	March 31, 2021		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
			(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Collateral-dependent loans, net of allowance	$	66,045	$	—	$	—	$	66,045


			Nonrecurring Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
	September 30, 2020		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets		Significant Other Observable Inputs		Significant Unobservable Inputs
			(Level 1)		(Level 2)		(Level 3)
Collateral-dependent loans, net of allowance	$	60,702	$	—	$	—	$	60,702
Real estate owned(1)	213		—		—		213
Total	$	60,915	$	—	$	—	$	60,915

(1)Amounts represent fair value measurements of properties before deducting estimated costs to dispose.

The following provides quantitative information about significant unobservable inputs categorized within Level 3 of the Fair Value Hierarchy. The interest rate lock commitments include both mortgage origination applications and preapprovals. Preapprovals have a much lower closure rate than origination applications as reflected in the weighted average closure rate.


	Fair Value
	March 31, 2021	Valuation Technique(s)	Unobservable Input	Range			Weighted Average
Collateral-dependent loans, net of allowance	$66,045	Market comparables of collateral discounted to estimated net proceeds	Discount appraised value to estimated net proceeds based on historical experience:
			• Residential Properties	0	-	34%	5.2%

Interest rate lock commitments	$821	Quoted Secondary Market pricing	Closure rate	0	-	100%	69.2%

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	Fair Value
	September 30, 2020	Valuation Technique(s)	Unobservable Input	Range			Weighted Average
Collateral-dependent loans, net of allowance	$60,702	Market comparables of collateral discounted to estimated net proceeds	Discount appraised value to estimated net proceeds based on historical experience:
			• Residential Properties	0	-	34%	6.0%

Interest rate lock commitments	$1,194	Quoted Secondary Market pricing	Closure rate	0	-	100%	69.7%

The following tables present the estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments and their carrying amounts as reported in the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION.


	March 31, 2021
	Carrying		Fair		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	Amount		Value
Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	23,424	$	23,424	$	23,424	$	—	$	—
Interest earning cash equivalents	641,976		641,976		641,976		—		—
Investment securities available for sale	421,021		421,021		—		421,021		—
Mortgage loans held for sale	63,441		63,659		—		63,659		—
Loans, net:
Mortgage loans held for investment	12,679,146		12,947,267		—		—		12,947,267
Other loans	2,482		2,482		—		—		2,482
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	162,783		162,783		N/A		—		—
Accrued interest receivable	33,055		33,055		—		33,055		—

Cash collateral received from or held by counterparty	36,085		36,085		36,085		—		—
Derivatives	868		868		—		47		821

Liabilities:
Checking and passbook accounts	$	2,871,873	$	2,871,873	$	—	$	2,871,873	$	—
Certificates of deposit	6,366,538		6,481,572		—		6,481,572		—
Borrowed funds	3,293,717		3,313,503		—		3,313,503		—
Borrowers’ advances for insurance and taxes	94,108		94,108		—		94,108		—
Principal, interest and escrow owed on loans serviced	46,100		46,100		—		46,100		—

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	September 30, 2020
	Carrying		Fair		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
	Amount		Value
Assets:
Cash and due from banks	$	25,270	$	25,270	$	25,270	$	—	$	—
Interest earning cash equivalents	472,763		472,763		472,763		—		—
Investment securities available for sale	453,438		453,438		—		453,438		—
Mortgage loans held for sale	36,871		36,926		—		36,926		—
Loans, net:
Mortgage loans held for investment	13,100,481		13,299,261		—		—		13,299,261
Other loans	2,581		2,594		—		—		2,594
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	136,793		136,793		N/A		—		—
Accrued interest receivable	36,634		36,634		—		36,634		—


Cash collateral received from or held by counterparty	41,824		41,824		41,824		—		—
Derivatives	1,194		1,194		—		—		1,194
Liabilities:
Checking and passbook accounts	$	2,623,347	$	2,623,347	$	—	$	2,623,347	$	—
Certificates of deposit	6,602,207		6,739,561		—		6,739,561		—
Borrowed funds	3,521,745		3,550,120		—		3,550,120		—
Borrowers’ advances for insurance and taxes	111,536		111,536		—		111,536		—
Principal, interest and escrow owed on loans serviced	45,895		45,895		—		45,895		—
Derivatives	134		134		—		134		—

Presented below is a discussion of the valuation techniques and inputs used by the Company to estimate fair value.

Cash and Due from Banks, Interest Earning Cash Equivalents, Cash Collateral Received from or Held by Counterparty— The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Investment Securities Available for Sale— Estimated fair value for investment and mortgage-backed securities is based on quoted market prices, when available. If quoted prices are not available, management will use as part of their estimation process fair values which are obtained from third party independent nationally recognized pricing services using pricing models, quoted prices of securities with similar characteristics or discounted cash flows.

Mortgage Loans Held for Sale— Fair value of mortgage loans held for sale is based on quoted secondary market pricing for loan portfolios with similar characteristics.

Loans— For mortgage loans held for investment and other loans, fair value is estimated by discounting contractual cash flows adjusted for prepayment estimates using the current rates at which similar loans would be made to borrowers with similar credit ratings and for the same remaining term. The use of current rates to discount cash flows reflects current market expectations with respect to credit exposure. Collateral-dependent loans are measured at the lower of cost or fair value as described earlier in this footnote.

Federal Home Loan Bank Stock— It is not practical to estimate the fair value of FHLB stock due to restrictions on its transferability. The fair value is estimated to be the carrying value, which is par. All transactions in capital stock of the FHLB Cincinnati are executed at par.

Deposits— The fair value of demand deposit accounts is the amount payable on demand at the reporting date. The fair value of fixed-maturity certificates of deposit is estimated using discounted cash flows and rates currently offered for deposits of similar remaining maturities.

Borrowed Funds— Estimated fair value for borrowed funds is estimated using discounted cash flows and rates currently charged for borrowings of similar remaining maturities.

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Accrued Interest Receivable, Borrowers’ Advances for Insurance and Taxes, and Principal, Interest and Related Escrow Owed on Loans Serviced— The carrying amount is a reasonable estimate of fair value.

Derivatives— Fair value is estimated based on the valuation techniques and inputs described earlier in this footnote.

13. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS

The Company enters into interest rate swaps to add stability to interest expense and manage exposure to interest rate movements as part of an overall risk management strategy. For hedges of the Company's borrowing program, interest rate swaps designated as cash flow hedges involve the receipt of variable amounts from a counterparty in exchange for the Company making fixed payments. These derivatives are used to hedge the forecasted cash outflows associated with the Company's FHLB borrowings. At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, the interest rate swaps used in the Company's asset/liability management strategy have weighted average terms of 2.7 years and 3.0 years and weighted average fixed-rate interest payments of 1.80% and 1.76%, respectively.

Cash flow hedges are initially assessed for effectiveness using regression analysis. Changes in the fair value of derivatives designated and that qualify as cash flow hedges are recorded in OCI and are subsequently reclassified into earnings during the period in which the hedged forecasted transaction affects earnings. Quarterly, a qualitative analysis is performed to monitor the ongoing effectiveness of the hedging instrument. All derivative positions were initially and continue to be highly effective at March 31, 2021.

The Company enters into forward commitments for the sale of mortgage loans principally to protect against the risk of adverse interest rate movements on net income. The Company recognizes the fair value of such contracts when the characteristics of those contracts meet the definition of a derivative. These derivatives are not designated in a hedging relationship; therefore, gains and losses are recognized immediately in the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME.

In addition, the Company is party to derivative instruments when it enters into interest rate lock commitments to originate a portion of its loans, which when funded, are classified as held for sale. Such commitments are not designated in a hedging relationship; therefore, gains and losses are recognized immediately in the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME.

The following tables provide the locations within the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION, notional values and fair values, at the reporting dates, for all derivative instruments.


	March 31, 2021				September 30, 2020
	Notional Value		Fair Value		Notional Value		Fair Value
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments
Cash flow hedges: Interest rate swaps
Other Assets	$	250,000	$	—	$	—	$	—
Other Liabilities	2,500,000		—		2,975,000		—
Total cash flow hedges: Interest rate swaps	$	2,750,000	$	—	$	2,975,000	$	—

Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate lock commitments
Other Assets	$	31,551	$	821	$	21,755	$	1,194

Forward Commitments for the sale of mortgage loans
Other Assets	26,494		47		—		—
Other Liabilities	—		—		34,179		(134)
Total derivatives not designated as hedging instruments	$	58,045	$	868	$	55,934	$	1,060

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The following tables present the net gains and losses recorded within the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME and the CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME relating to derivative instruments.


		Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	Location of Gain or (Loss)	March 31,				March 31,
	Recognized in Income	2021		2020		2021		2020
Cash flow hedges
Amount of gain/(loss) recognized	Other comprehensive income	$	32,834	$	(114,416)	$	36,205	$	(94,198)
Amount of gain/(loss) reclassified from AOCI	Interest expense: Borrowed funds	(11,023)		(784)		(22,231)		187


Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Interest rate lock commitments	Other non-interest income	$	(410)	$	538	$	(373)	$	548
Forward commitments for the sale of mortgage loans	Net gain/(loss) on the sale of loans	47		—		(162)		—

The Company estimates that $41,424 of the amounts reported in AOCI will be reclassified as a debit to interest expense during the twelve months ending March 31, 2022.

Derivatives contain an element of credit risk which arises from the possibility that the Company will incur a loss because a counterparty fails to meet its contractual obligations. The Company's exposure is limited to the replacement value of the contracts rather than the notional or principal amounts. Credit risk is minimized through counterparty margin payments, transaction limits and monitoring procedures. All of the Company's swap transactions are cleared through a registered clearing broker to a central clearing organization. The clearing organization establishes daily cash and upfront cash or securities margin requirements to cover potential exposure in the event of default. This process shifts the risk away from the counterparty, since the clearing organization acts as the middleman on each cleared transaction. At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, there was $36,085 and $41,824, respectively, included in other assets related to initial margin requirements held by the central clearing organization. For derivative transactions cleared through certain clearing parties, variation margin payments are recognized as settlements on a daily basis. The fair value of derivative instruments are presented on a gross basis, even when the derivative instruments are subject to master netting arrangements. As of October 16, 2020, the price alignment interest (PAI) is discounted based on the US Secured Overnight Rate (SOFR), replacing the Federal Funds Rate. At transition, the Company received three basis swaps which were concurrently sold as part of a mandatory re-hedging process with no material impact to net income. This change in the price alignment interest discount is part of an initiative to establish a more risk-free rate.

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations


Forward Looking Statements
This report contains forward-looking statements, which can be identified by the use of such words as estimate, project, believe, intend, anticipate, plan, seek, expect and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements include, among other things:
●			statements of our goals, intentions and expectations;
●			statements regarding our business plans and prospects and growth and operating strategies;
●			statements concerning trends in our provision for credit losses and charge-offs on loans and off-balance sheet exposures;
●			statements regarding the trends in factors affecting our financial condition and results of operations, including asset quality of our loan and investment portfolios; and
●			estimates of our risks and future costs and benefits.

These forward-looking statements are subject to significant risks, assumptions and uncertainties, including, among other things, the following important factors that could affect the actual outcome of future events:
●			significantly increased competition among depository and other financial institutions;
●			inflation and changes in the interest rate environment that reduce our interest margins or reduce the fair value of financial instruments;
●			general economic conditions, either globally, nationally or in our market areas, including employment prospects, real estate values and conditions that are worse than expected;
●			the strength or weakness of the real estate markets and of the consumer and commercial credit sectors and its impact on the credit quality of our loans and other assets, and changes in estimates of the allowance for credit losses;
●			decreased demand for our products and services and lower revenue and earnings because of a recession or other events;
●			changes in consumer spending, borrowing and savings habits;
●			adverse changes and volatility in the securities markets, credit markets or real estate markets;
●			our ability to manage market risk, credit risk, liquidity risk, reputational risk, and regulatory and compliance risk;
●			our ability to access cost-effective funding;
●			legislative or regulatory changes that adversely affect our business, including changes in regulatory costs and capital requirements and changes related to our ability to pay dividends and the ability of Third Federal Savings, MHC to waive dividends;
●			changes in accounting policies and practices, as may be adopted by the bank regulatory agencies, the Financial Accounting Standards Board or the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board;
●			the adoption of implementing regulations by a number of different regulatory bodies, and uncertainty in the exact nature, extent and timing of such regulations and the impact they will have on us;
●			our ability to enter new markets successfully and take advantage of growth opportunities, and the possible short-term dilutive effect of potential acquisitions or de novo branches, if any;
●			our ability to retain key employees;
●			future adverse developments concerning Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac;
●			changes in monetary and fiscal policy of the U.S. Government, including policies of the U.S. Treasury and the FRS and changes in the level of government support of housing finance;
●			the continuing governmental efforts to restructure the U.S. financial and regulatory system;
●			the ability of the U.S. Government to remain open, function properly and manage federal debt limits;
●			changes in policy and/or assessment rates of taxing authorities that adversely affect us or our customers;
●			changes in accounting and tax estimates;
●			changes in our organization, or compensation and benefit plans and changes in expense trends (including, but not limited to trends affecting non-performing assets, charge-offs and provisions for credit losses);
●			the inability of third-party providers to perform their obligations to us;
●			civic unrest;
●			cyber-attacks, computer viruses and other technological risks that may breach the security of our websites or other systems to obtain unauthorized access to confidential information, destroy data or disable our systems; and
●			the impact of any wide-spread pandemic, including COVID-19, on our business, our customers, and the economy.

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Because of these and other uncertainties, our actual future results may be materially different from the results indicated by any forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement made by us in this report speaks only as of the date on which it is made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as may be required by law. Please see Part II Other Information Item 1A. Risk Factors for a discussion of certain risks related to our business.

Overview

Our business strategy is to operate as a well-capitalized and profitable financial institution dedicated to providing exceptional personal service to our customers.

Since being organized in 1938, we grew to become, at the time of our initial public offering of stock in April 2007, the nation’s largest mutually-owned savings and loan association based on total assets. We credit our success to our continued emphasis on our primary values: “Love, Trust, Respect, and a Commitment to Excellence, along with Having Fun.” Our values are reflected in the design and pricing of our loan and deposit products, as described below. Our values are further reflected in a long-term revitalization program encompassing the three-mile corridor of the Broadway-Slavic Village neighborhood in Cleveland, Ohio where our main office was established and continues to be located and where the educational programs we have established and/or supported are located. We intend to continue to adhere to our primary values and to support our customers and the communities in which we operate, as we pursue our mission to help people achieve the dream of home ownership and financial security while creating value for our shareholders, our customers, our communities and our associates.

COVID-19 Pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on our customers, associates and communities, which collectively impacts our shareholders. Our primary values and mission mentioned above have driven our responses related to COVID-19 and are summarized below.

•Branches are open and most have returned to normal operating business hours. Some branches have reduced weekend lobby hours for enhanced safety. We have expanded mobile banking deposit features, including mobile deposit limits.

•We supported our associates and their families by providing a one-time after tax bonus of $1,500 to each associate in December 2020.

•All associates working at branches and operation centers are safely distanced and working in contained areas for safety. Onsite associates have received additional benefits to recognize their commitment to the organization and our customers.

•We are hosting MetroHealth drive-through COVID-19 vaccinations at our corporate campus in May 2021 for the public and our associates.

•Through March 31, 2021, there were 2,154 customers, representing $264.0 million of loans, who have been helped by COVID-19 related forbearance plans. As a result of payoffs and customer resolutions, there were 439 customers, representing $64.2 million of loans, or 0.51% of total loans, remaining in COVID-19 forbearance plans as of March 31, 2021.

•We continue to support recovery in the community as the Third Federal Foundation made a commitment to provide a $1.1 million lead gift to University Settlement to support a new $20 million development in the North Broadway neighborhood near our headquarters that will offer more than 80 new units of affordable housing.

•Continuation of strong credit quality and capital levels to support operations during all economic environments and our commitment to paying an attractive dividend.

Beyond working through the challenges COVID-19 presents to the organization and society, management believes that the following matters are those most critical to our success: (1) controlling our interest rate risk exposure; (2) monitoring and limiting our credit risk; (3) maintaining access to adequate liquidity and diverse funding sources to support our growth; and (4) monitoring and controlling our operating expenses.

Controlling Our Interest Rate Risk Exposure. Historically, our greatest risk has been our exposure to changes in interest rates. When we hold longer-term, fixed-rate assets, funded by liabilities with shorter-term re-pricing characteristics, we are exposed to potentially adverse impacts from changing interest rates, and most notably rising interest rates. Generally, and particularly over extended periods of time that encompass full economic cycles, interest rates associated with longer-term assets, like fixed-rate mortgages, have been higher than interest rates associated with shorter-term funding sources, like deposits. This difference has been an important component of our net interest income and is fundamental to our operations. We manage the risk of holding longer-term, fixed-rate mortgage assets primarily by maintaining regulatory capital in excess of levels required to be well capitalized, by promoting adjustable-rate loans and shorter-term fixed-rate loans, by marketing home equity lines of credit, which carry an adjustable rate of interest indexed to the prime rate, by opportunistically extending the duration of our funding sources and selectively selling a portion of our long-term, fixed-rate mortgage loans in the secondary market. The decision to extend the duration of some of our funding sources through interest rate swap contracts over the past few years has also caused additional interest rate risk exposure, as the current low market interest rates are lower than the rates

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in effect when most of the swap contracts were executed. This rate difference is reflected in the level of cash flow hedges included in accumulated other comprehensive loss.

Levels of Regulatory Capital

At March 31, 2021, the Company’s Tier 1 (leverage) capital totaled $1.79 billion, or 12.33% of net average assets and 22.88% of risk-weighted assets, while the Association’s Tier 1 (leverage) capital totaled $1.55 billion, or 10.65% of net average assets and 19.75% of risk-weighted assets. Each of these measures was more than twice the requirements currently in effect for the Association for designation as “well capitalized” under regulatory prompt corrective action provisions, which set minimum levels of 5.00% of net average assets and 8.00% of risk-weighted assets. Refer to the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of this Item 2 for additional discussion regarding regulatory capital requirements.

Promotion of Adjustable-Rate Loans and Shorter-Term Fixed-Rate Loans

We market an adjustable-rate mortgage loan that provides us with improved interest rate risk characteristics when compared to a 30-year, fixed-rate mortgage loan. Our “Smart Rate” adjustable-rate mortgage offers borrowers an interest rate lower than that of a 30-year, fixed-rate loan. The interest rate of the Smart Rate mortgage is locked for three or five years then resets annually. The Smart Rate mortgage contains a feature to re-lock the rate an unlimited number of times at our then-current interest rate and fee schedule, for another three or five years (which must be the same as the original lock period) without having to complete a full refinance transaction. Re-lock eligibility is subject to a satisfactory payment performance history by the borrower (current at the time of re-lock, and no foreclosures or bankruptcies since the Smart Rate application was taken). In addition to a satisfactory payment history, re-lock eligibility requires that the property continues to be the borrower’s primary residence. The loan term cannot be extended in connection with a re-lock nor can new funds be advanced. All interest rate caps and floors remain as originated.

We also offer a ten-year, fully amortizing fixed-rate, first mortgage loan. The ten-year, fixed-rate loan has a more desirable interest rate risk profile when compared to loans with fixed-rate terms of 15 to 30 years and can help to more effectively manage interest rate risk exposure, yet provides our borrowers with the certainty of a fixed interest rate throughout the life of the obligation.

The following tables set forth our first mortgage loan production and balances segregated by loan structure at origination.


	For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2021				For the Six Months Ended March 31, 2020
	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
First Mortgage Loan Originations:
ARM (all Smart Rate) production	$	676,723	32.8	%	$	600,249	45.2	%
Fixed-rate production:
Terms less than or equal to 10 years	366,776		17.8	%	115,289		8.7	%
Terms greater than 10 years	1,019,914		49.4	%	612,173		46.1	%
Total fixed-rate production	1,386,690		67.2	%	727,462		54.8	%
Total First Mortgage Loan Originations	$	2,063,413	100.0	%	$	1,327,711	100.0	%


	March 31, 2021				September 30, 2020
	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Balance of Residential Mortgage Loans Held For Investment:
ARM (primarily Smart Rate) Loans	$	5,014,178	47.6	%	$	5,122,266	47.2	%
Fixed-rate:
Terms less than or equal to 10 years	1,381,486		13.1	%	1,284,605		11.8	%
Terms greater than 10 years	4,143,157		39.3	%	4,443,140		41.0	%
Total fixed-rate	5,524,643		52.4	%	5,727,745		52.8	%
Total Residential Mortgage Loans Held For Investment	$	10,538,821	100.0	%	$	10,850,011	100.0	%

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The following table sets forth the balances as of March 31, 2021 for all ARM loans segregated by the next scheduled interest rate reset date.


	Current Balance of ARM Loans Scheduled for Interest Rate Reset
During the Fiscal Years Ending September 30,	(In thousands)
2021	$	111,005
2022	628,075
2023	492,021
2024	499,464
2025	1,337,531
2026	1,946,082
Total	$	5,014,178

At March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020, mortgage loans held for sale, all of which were long-term, fixed-rate first mortgage loans and all of which were held for sale to Fannie Mae, totaled $63.4 million and $36.9 million, respectively.

Loan Portfolio Yield

The following tables set forth the balance and interest yield as of March 31, 2021 for the portfolio of loans held for investment, by type of loan, structure and geographic location.


	March 31, 2021
	Balance		Percent		Yield
	(Dollars in thousands)
Total Loans:
Fixed Rate
Terms less than or equal to 10 years	$	1,381,486	10.8	%	2.88	%
Terms greater than 10 years	4,143,157		32.5	%	3.74	%
Total Fixed-Rate loans	5,524,643		43.3	%	3.52	%

ARMs	5,014,178		39.4	%	2.90	%
Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit	2,141,168		16.8	%	2.53	%
Construction and Other Loans	59,495		0.5	%	3.34	%
Total Loans Receivable	$	12,739,484	100.0	%	3.10	%

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	March 31, 2021
	Balance		Fixed Rate Balance		Percent		Yield
	(Dollars in thousands)
Residential Mortgage Loans
Ohio	$	5,725,762	$	3,997,576	44.9	%	3.42	%
Florida	1,859,132		743,947		14.6	%	3.19	%
Other	2,953,927		783,120		23.2	%	2.85	%
Total Residential Mortgage Loans	10,538,821		5,524,643		82.7	%	3.22	%
Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit
Ohio	622,855		37,922		4.9	%	2.59	%
Florida	425,938		28,580		3.3	%	2.54	%
California	317,067		15,465		2.5	%	2.55	%
Other	775,308		14,673		6.1	%	2.47	%
Total Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit	2,141,168		96,640		16.8	%	2.53	%
Construction and Other Loans	59,495		59,495		0.5	%	3.34	%
Total Loans Receivable	$	12,739,484	$	5,680,778	100.0	%	3.10	%

Marketing Home Equity Lines of Credit

We actively market home equity lines of credit, which carry an adjustable rate of interest indexed to the prime rate, which provides interest rate sensitivity to that portion of our assets and is a meaningful strategy to manage our interest rate risk profile. At March 31, 2021, the principal balance of home equity lines of credit totaled $1.87 billion. Our home equity lending is discussed in the Allowance for Credit Losses section of the Critical Accounting Policies that follows this Overview.

Extending the Duration of Funding Sources

As a complement to our strategies to shorten the duration of our interest earning assets, as described above, we also seek to lengthen the duration of our interest bearing funding sources. These efforts include monitoring the relative costs of alternative funding sources such as retail deposits, brokered certificates of deposit, longer-term (e.g. four to six years) fixed-rate advances from the FHLB of Cincinnati, and shorter-term (e.g. three months) advances from the FHLB of Cincinnati, the durations of which are extended by correlated interest rate exchange contracts. Each funding alternative is monitored and evaluated based on its effective interest payment rate, options exercisable by the creditor (early withdrawal, right to call, etc.), and collateral requirements. The interest payment rate is a function of market influences that are specific to the nuances and market competitiveness/breadth of each funding source. Generally, early withdrawal options are available to our retail CD customers but not to holders of brokered CDs; issuer call options are not provided on our advances from the FHLB of Cincinnati; and we are not subject to early termination options with respect to our interest rate exchange contracts. Additionally, collateral pledges are not provided with respect to our retail CDs or our brokered CDs, but are required for our advances from the FHLB of Cincinnati as well as for our interest rate exchange contracts. As a result of increased available cash from loan sales beginning in fiscal 2020, as discussed below, we have also effectively extended the duration of funding sources by reducing the levels of our short-term and total funding. We will continue to evaluate the structure of our funding sources based on current needs.

During the six months ended March 31, 2021, the balance of deposits increased $12.9 million, which included an $18.5 million increase in the balance of brokered CDs (which is inclusive of acquisition costs and subsequent amortization). Additionally, during the six months ended March 31, 2021, we decreased total FHLB of Cincinnati advances by $228.0 million, including a $225.0 million decrease in 90 day advances, which were in place to support interest rate swap contracts that matured during the period. The balance of our advances from the FHLB of Cincinnati at March 31, 2021 consist solely of term advances from the FHLB of Cincinnati; and shorter-term advances from the FHLB of Cincinnati that were matched/correlated to interest rate exchange contracts that extended the effective durations of those shorter-term advances to approximately four to seven years at inception. There are no remaining short-term advances not associated with interest rate swap contracts. Interest rate swaps are discussed later in Part I, Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

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Other Interest Rate Risk Management Tools

We also manage interest rate risk by selectively selling a portion of our long-term, fixed-rate mortgage loans in the secondary market. Prior to fiscal 2010, this strategy was used to a greater extent to manage our interest rate risk, but it remains a tool available to us. The sales of first mortgage loans increased significantly during fiscal 2020 and continued into fiscal 2021, due to an increase in the number of fixed-rate refinances. At March 31, 2021, we serviced $2.25 billion of loans for others, of which $768.0 million were sold in the secondary market prior to fiscal 2010. In deciding whether to sell loans to manage interest rate risk, we also consider the level of gains to be recognized in comparison to the impact to our net interest income. We can also manage interest rate risk by selling non-Fannie Mae compliant mortgage loans to private investors, although those transactions are dependent upon favorable market conditions, including motivated private investors, and involve more complicated negotiations and longer settlement timelines. Loan sales are discussed later in this Part I, Item 2. under the heading Liquidity and Capital Resources, and in Part I, Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Notwithstanding our efforts to manage interest rate risk, should a rapid and substantial increase occur in general market interest rates, or an extended period of a flat or inverted yield curve market persist, it is expected that, prospectively and particularly over a multi-year time horizon, the level of our net interest income would be adversely impacted.

Monitoring and Limiting Our Credit Risk. While, historically, we had been successful in limiting our credit risk exposure by generally imposing high credit standards with respect to lending, the memory of the 2008 housing market collapse and financial crisis is a constant reminder to focus on credit risk. In response to the evolving economic landscape, we continuously revise and update our quarterly analysis and evaluation procedures, as needed, for each category of our lending with the objective of identifying and recognizing all appropriate credit losses. Continuous analysis and evaluation updates will be important as we monitor the impact to our borrowers as a result of the COVID-19 global pandemic. At March 31, 2021, 88% of our assets consisted of residential real estate loans (both “held for sale” and “held for investment”) and home equity loans and lines of credit, which were originated predominantly to borrowers in Ohio and Florida. Our analytic procedures and evaluations include specific reviews of all home equity loans and lines of credit that become 90 or more days past due, as well as specific reviews of all first mortgage loans that become 180 or more days past due. We transfer performing home equity lines of credit subordinate to first mortgages delinquent greater than 90 days to non-accrual status. Per the Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus, the COVID-19 related forbearance plans will not generally affect the delinquency status of the loan and therefore will not undergo a specific review unless extended greater than 12 months. We also charge-off performing loans to collateral value and classify those loans as non-accrual within 60 days of notification of all borrowers filing Chapter 7 bankruptcy, that have not reaffirmed or been dismissed, regardless of how long the loans have been performing. Loans where at least one borrower has been discharged of their obligation in Chapter 7 bankruptcy are classified as TDRs. At March 31, 2021, $17.2 million of loans in Chapter 7 bankruptcy status with no other modification to terms were included in total TDRs. At March 31, 2021, the amortized cost in non-accrual status loans included $18.8 million of performing loans in Chapter 7 bankruptcy status, of which $18.5 million were also reported as TDRs.

In an effort to limit our credit risk exposure and improve the credit performance of new customers, since 2009, we have tightened our credit criteria in evaluating a borrower's ability to successfully fulfill its repayment obligation, revised the design of many of our loan products to require higher borrower down-payments, limited the products available for condominiums and eliminated certain product features (such as interest-only and loans above certain LTV ratios). We use stringent, conservative lending standards for underwriting to reduce our credit risk. For first mortgage loans originated during the current fiscal year, the average credit score was 780, and the average LTV was 60%. The delinquency level related to loan originations prior to 2009, compared to originations in 2009 and after, reflects the higher credit standards to which we have subjected all new originations. As of March 31, 2021, loans originated prior to 2009 had a balance of $529.7 million, of which $15.0 million, or 2.8%, were delinquent, while loans originated in 2009 and after had a balance of $12.25 billion, of which $12.0 million, or 0.1%, were delinquent.

One aspect of our credit risk concern relates to high concentrations of our loans that are secured by residential real estate in specific states, particularly Ohio and Florida, in light of the difficulties that arose in connection with the 2008 housing crisis with respect to the real estate markets in those two states. At March 31, 2021, approximately 54.2% and 17.7% of the combined total of our Residential Core and construction loans held for investment and approximately 29.1% and 19.9% of our home equity loans and lines of credit were secured by properties in Ohio and Florida, respectively. In an effort to moderate the concentration of our credit risk exposure in individual states, particularly Ohio and Florida, we have utilized direct mail marketing, our internet site and our customer service call center to extend our lending activities to other attractive geographic locations. Currently, in addition to Ohio and Florida, we are actively lending in 23 other states and the District of Columbia, and as a result of that activity, the concentration ratios of the combined total of our residential, Core and construction loans held for investment in Ohio and Florida have trended downward from their September 30, 2010 levels when the concentrations were

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79.1% in Ohio and 19.0% in Florida. Of the total mortgage and home equity loan originations for the six months ended March 31, 2021, 29.5% are secured by properties in states other than Ohio or Florida.

Our residential Home Today loans are another area of credit risk concern as the majority of these loans were originated under less stringent underwriting and credit standards than our Residential Core portfolio. Although we no longer originate loans under this program and the principal balance in these loans had declined to $69.8 million at March 31, 2021, and constituted only 0.6% of our total “held for investment” loan portfolio balance, they comprised 10.4% and 13.7% of our 90 days or greater delinquencies and our total delinquencies, respectively, at that date. At March 31, 2021, approximately 95.4% and 4.5% of our residential Home Today loans were secured by properties in Ohio and Florida, respectively. At March 31, 2021, the percentages of those loans delinquent 30 days or more in Ohio and Florida were 5.4% and 3.1%, respectively. We attempted to manage our Home Today credit risk by requiring private mortgage insurance for some loans. At March 31, 2021, 11.7% of Home Today loans included private mortgage insurance coverage. From a peak amortized cost of $306.6 million at December 31, 2007, the total amortized cost of the Home Today portfolio has declined to $69.5 million at March 31, 2021. Since the vast majority of Home Today loans were originated prior to March 2009 and we are no longer originating loans under our Home Today program, the Home Today portfolio will continue to decline in balance, primarily due to contractual amortization. As part of our adoption of CECL on October 1, 2020, which includes a lifetime view of expected losses, our allowance for credit losses for the Home Today portfolio is reduced by expected future recoveries of loan amounts previously charged off. To supplant the Home Today product and to continue to meet the credit needs of our customers and the communities that we serve, we have offered Fannie Mae eligible, Home Ready loans since fiscal 2016. These loans are originated in accordance with Fannie Mae's underwriting standards. While we retain the servicing rights related to these loans, the loans, along with the credit risk associated therewith, are securitized/sold to Fannie Mae.

Maintaining Access to Adequate Liquidity and Diverse Funding Sources to Support our Growth. For most insured depositories, customer and community confidence are critical to their ability to maintain access to adequate liquidity and to conduct business in an orderly manner. We believe that a well capitalized institution is one of the most important factors in nurturing customer and community confidence. Accordingly, we have managed the pace of our growth in a manner that reflects our emphasis on high capital levels. At March 31, 2021, the Association’s ratio of Tier 1 (leverage) capital to net average assets (a basic industry measure that deems 5.00% or above to represent a “well capitalized” status) was 10.65%. The Association's Tier 1 (leverage) capital ratio at March 31, 2021 included the negative impact of a $55 million cash dividend payment that the Association made to the Company, its sole shareholder, in December 2020. Because of its intercompany nature, this dividend payment did not impact the Company's consolidated capital ratios which are reported in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of this Item 2. We expect to continue to remain a well capitalized institution.

In managing its level of liquidity, the Company monitors available funding sources, which include attracting new deposits (including brokered CDs), borrowings from others, the conversion of assets to cash and the generation of funds through profitable operations. The Company has traditionally relied on retail deposits as its primary means in meeting its funding needs. At March 31, 2021, deposits totaled $9.24 billion (including $572.4 million of brokered CDs), while borrowings totaled $3.29 billion and borrowers’ advances and servicing escrows totaled $140.2 million, combined. In evaluating funding sources, we consider many factors, including cost, collateral, duration and optionality, current availability, expected sustainability, impact on operations and capital levels.

To attract deposits, we offer our customers attractive rates of interest on our deposit products. Our deposit products typically offer rates that are highly competitive with the rates on similar products offered by other financial institutions. We intend to continue this practice, subject to market conditions.

We preserve the availability of alternative funding sources through various mechanisms. First, by maintaining high capital levels, we retain the flexibility to increase our balance sheet size without jeopardizing our capital adequacy. Effectively, this permits us to increase the rates that we offer on our deposit products thereby attracting more potential customers. Second, we pledge available real estate mortgage loans and investment securities with the FHLB of Cincinnati and the FRB-Cleveland. At March 31, 2021, these collateral pledge support arrangements provided the Association with the ability to borrow a maximum of $7.44 billion from the FHLB of Cincinnati and $306.2 million from the FRB-Cleveland Discount Window. From the perspective of collateral value securing FHLB of Cincinnati advances, our capacity limit for additional borrowings beyond the balance outstanding at March 31, 2021 was $4.15 billion, subject to satisfaction of the FHLB of Cincinnati common stock ownership requirement. To satisfy the common stock ownership requirement for the maximum limit of borrowing, we would need to increase our ownership of FHLB of Cincinnati common stock by an additional $180.4 million. Third, we have the ability to purchase overnight Fed Funds up to $360 million through various arrangements with other institutions. Fourth, we invest in high quality marketable securities that exhibit limited market price variability, and to the extent that they are not needed as collateral for borrowings, can be sold in the institutional market and converted to cash. At March 31, 2021, our investment securities portfolio totaled $421.0 million. Finally, cash flows from operating activities have been a regular source

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of funds. During the six months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, cash flows from operations provided $43.9 million and $62.5 million, respectively.

First mortgage loans (primarily fixed-rate, mortgage refinances with terms of 15 years or more, and Home Ready) originated under Fannie Mae compliant procedures are eligible for sale to Fannie Mae either as whole loans or within mortgage-backed securities. We expect that certain loan types (i.e. our Smart Rate adjustable-rate loans, home purchase fixed-rate loans and 10-year fixed-rate loans) will continue to be originated under our legacy procedures, which are not eligible for sale to Fannie Mae. For loans that are not originated under Fannie Mae procedures, the Association’s ability to reduce interest rate risk via loan sales is limited to those loans that have established payment histories, strong borrower credit profiles and are supported by adequate collateral values that meet the requirements of the FHLB's Mortgage Purchase Program or of private third-party investors. Refer to the Liquidity and Capital Resources section of the Overview for information on loan sales.

Overall, while customer and community confidence can never be assured, the Company believes that its liquidity is adequate and that it has access to adequate alternative funding sources.

Monitoring and Controlling Our Operating Expenses. We continue to focus on managing operating expenses. Our ratio of annualized non-interest expense to average assets was 1.38% for the six months ended March 31, 2021 and 1.31% for the six months ended March 31, 2020. As of March 31, 2021, our average assets per full-time employee and our average deposits per full-time employee were $14.9 million and $9.5 million, respectively. We believe that each of these measures compares favorably with industry averages. Our relatively high average of deposits (exclusive of brokered CDs) held at our branch offices ($234.2 million per branch office as of March 31, 2021) contributes to our expense management efforts by limiting the overhead costs of serving our customers. We will continue our efforts to control operating expenses as we grow our business.

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Critical Accounting Policies and Use of Significant Estimates

Critical accounting policies are defined as those that involve significant judgments and uncertainties, and could potentially give rise to materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. We believe that the most critical accounting policies upon which our financial condition and results of operations depend, and which involve the most complex subjective decisions or assessments, are our policies with respect to our allowance for credit losses, income taxes and pension benefits.

Allowance for Credit Losses. We provide for credit losses based on a life of loan methodology. Accordingly, all credit losses are charged to, and all recoveries are credited to, the related allowance. Additions to the allowance for credit losses are provided by charges to income based on various factors which, in our judgment, deserve current recognition in estimating life of loan losses. We regularly review the loan portfolio and off-balance sheet exposures and make provisions (or releases) for losses in order to maintain the allowance for credit losses in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The Company adopted CECL guidance ASC Topic 326: Financial Instruments - Credit Losses on October 1, 2020. Refer to Note 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCES FOR CREDIT LOSSES of the NOTES TO UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS for further discussion on CECL methodology. Our allowance for credit losses consists of three components:

(1)individual valuation allowances (IVAs) established for any loans dependent on cash flows, such as performing TDRs, and before CECL on loans individually reviewed that represents further deterioration in the fair value of the collateral not yet identified as uncollectible;

(2)general valuation allowances (GVAs) for loans, which are comprised of quantitative GVAs, which are general allowances for credit losses for each loan type based on historical loan loss experience and qualitative GVAs, which are adjustments to the quantitative GVAs, maintained to cover uncertainties that affect our estimate of expected credit losses for each loan type; and

(3)GVAs for off-balance sheet credit exposures, which are comprised of expected lifetime losses on unfunded loan commitments to extend credit where the obligations are not unconditionally cancellable.

The qualitative GVAs expand our ability to identify and estimate probable losses and are based on our evaluation of the following factors, some of which are consistent with factors that impact the determination of quantitative GVAs. For example, delinquency statistics (both current and historical) are used in developing the quantitative GVAs while the trending of the delinquency statistics is considered and evaluated in the determination of the qualitative GVAs. Factors impacting the determination of qualitative GVAs include:

•changes in lending policies and procedures including underwriting standards, collection, charge-off or recovery practices;

•management's view of changes in national, regional, and local economic and business conditions and trends including treasury yields, housing market factors and trends, such as the status of loans in foreclosure, real estate in judgment and real estate owned, and unemployment statistics and trends and how it aligns with economic modeling forecasts;

•changes in the nature and volume of the portfolios including home equity lines of credit nearing the end of the draw period and adjustable-rate mortgage loans nearing a rate reset;

•changes in the experience, ability or depth of lending management;

•changes in the volume or severity of past due loans, volume of non-accrual loans, or the volume and severity of adversely classified loans including the trending of delinquency statistics (both current and historical), historical loan loss experience and trends, the frequency and magnitude of multiple restructurings of loans previously the subject of TDRs, and uncertainty surrounding borrowers’ ability to recover from temporary hardships for which short-term loan restructurings are granted;

•changes in the quality of the loan review system;

•changes in the value of the underlying collateral including asset disposition loss statistics (both current and historical) and the trending of those statistics, and additional charge-offs and recoveries on individually reviewed loans;

•existence of any concentrations of credit;

•effect of other external factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, competition, market interest rate changes or legal and regulatory requirements including market conditions and regulatory directives that impact the entire financial services industry; and

•limitations within our models to predict life of loan net losses.

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forbearance plans to borrowers affected by COVID-19 on March 13, 2020. These forbearance plans totaled $64.2 million, or 0.50% of total loans receivable, at March 31, 2021, of which $55.5 million were related to first mortgage loans and $8.7 million were related to home equity loans and lines of credit. Although we are not currently receiving payments on loans in active COVID-19 forbearance plans, the majority of these accounts are reported as current and accruing and are not currently included in the amortized cost of TDRs as the Company has elected to apply the temporary suspension of TDR requirements provided by the revised interagency statement and the CARES Act for eligible loan modifications. Further details about active COVID-19 forbearance plans and post-forbearance loan workouts can be found in Note 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCES FOR CREDIT LOSSES of the NOTES TO UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

When loan restructurings qualify as TDRs and the loans are performing according to the terms of the restructuring, we record an IVA based on the present value of expected future cash flows, which includes a factor for potential subsequent defaults, discounted at the effective interest rate of the original loan contract. Potential defaults are distinguished from multiple restructurings as borrowers who default are generally not eligible for subsequent restructurings. At March 31, 2021, the balance of such individual valuation allowances were $12.7 million. In instances when loans require multiple restructurings, additional valuation allowances may be required. The new valuation allowance on a loan that has multiple restructurings is calculated based on the present value of the expected cash flows, discounted at the effective interest rate of the original loan contract, considering the new terms of the restructured agreement. Due to the immaterial amount of this exposure to date, we capture this exposure as a component of our qualitative GVA evaluation as the estimated change in the present value of cash flows on restructurings expected to subsequently restructure based on historical activity.

Home equity loans and lines of credit generally have higher credit risk than traditional residential mortgage loans. These loans and credit lines are usually in a second lien position and when combined with the first mortgage, result in generally higher overall loan-to-value ratios. In a stressed housing market with high delinquencies and decreasing housing prices, these higher loan-to-value ratios represent a greater risk of loss to the Company. A borrower with more equity in the property has a vested interest in keeping the loan current when compared to a borrower with little or no equity in the property. In light of the past weakness in the housing market and uncertainty with respect to future employment levels and economic prospects, we conduct an expanded loan level evaluation of our home equity loans and lines of credit, including bridge loans used to aid borrowers in buying a new home before selling their old one, which are delinquent 90 days or more. This expanded evaluation is in addition to our traditional evaluation procedures. As part of the adoption of CECL on October 1, 2020, we have established an allowance for our unfunded commitments on this portfolio, which is recorded in other liabilities. Our home equity loans and lines of credit portfolio continue to comprise a significant portion of our gross charge-offs. At March 31, 2021, we had an amortized cost of $2.17 billion in home equity loans and equity lines of credit outstanding, of which $5.1 million, or 0.2% were delinquent 90 days or more.

Through the Home Today program, the Company provided the majority of loans to borrowers who would not otherwise qualify for the Company’s loan products, generally because of low credit scores. Because the Company applied less stringent underwriting and credit standards to the majority of Home Today loans, loans originated under the program have greater credit risk than its traditional residential real estate mortgage loans in the Residential Core portfolio. Since loans are no longer originated under the Home Today program, the Home Today portfolio will continue to decline in balance, primarily due to contractual amortization. To supplant the Home Today product and to continue to meet the credit needs of customers and the communities served, since fiscal 2016 the Company has offered Fannie Mae eligible, Home Ready loans. These loans are originated in accordance with Fannie Mae's underwriting standards. While the Company retains the servicing to these loans, the loans, along with the credit risk associated therewith, are securitized/sold to Fannie Mae. The Company does not offer, and has not offered, loan products frequently considered to be designed to target sub-prime borrowers containing features such as higher fees or higher rates, negative amortization, an LTV ratio greater than 100%, or pay-option adjustable-rate mortgages.

We evaluate the allowance for credit losses based upon the combined total of the quantitative and qualitative GVAs and IVAs. We periodically evaluate the carrying value of loans and the allowance is adjusted accordingly. While we use the best information available to make evaluations, future additions to the allowance may be necessary based on unforeseen changes in loan quality and economic conditions.

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The following tables set forth the allowance for credit losses on loans allocated by loan category, the percent of allowance in each category to the total allowance on loans, and the percent of loans in each category to total loans at the dates indicated. The allowance for credit losses allocated to each category is not necessarily indicative of future losses in any particular category and does not restrict the use of the allowance to absorb losses in other categories. This table does not include allowances for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments, which are primarily related to undrawn home equity lines of credit.


	March 31, 2021						December 31, 2020
	Amount		Percent of Allowance to Total Allowance		Percent of Loans in Category to Total Loans		Amount		Percent of Allowance to Total Allowance		Percent of Loans in Category to Total Loans
	(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	46,546	68.7	%	82.2	%	$	46,351	65.9	%	82.2	%
Residential Home Today	(705)		(1.0)		0.6		(568)		(0.8)		0.6
Home equity loans and lines of credit	21,236		31.3		16.8		23,752		33.8		16.8
Construction	672		1.0		0.4		755		1.1		0.4

Allowance for credit losses on loans	$	67,749	100.0	%	100.0	%	$	70,290	100.0	%	100.0	%


	September 30, 2020						March 31, 2020
	Amount		Percent of Allowance to Total Allowance		Percent of Loans in Category to Total Loans		Amount		Percent of Allowance to Total Allowance		Percent of Loans in Category to Total Loans
	(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	22,381	47.7	%	82.0	%	$	17,367	39.1	%	82.0	%
Residential Home Today	5,654		12.0		0.6		5,070		11.5		0.6
Home equity loans and lines of credit	18,898		40.3		17.0		21,945		49.4		17.0
Construction	4		—		0.4		5		—		0.4

Total allowance	$	46,937	100.0	%	100.0	%	$	44,387	100.0	%	100.0	%

The following table sets forth activity in our allowance for credit losses segregated by geographic location for the periods indicated. The majority of our Home Today and construction loan portfolios are secured by properties located in Ohio and the balances of other loans are considered immaterial, therefore neither was segregated.

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	As of and For the Three Months Ended March 31,						As of and For the Six Months Ended March 31,
	2021			2020			2021			2020
	(Dollars in thousands)
Allowance balance for credit losses on loans (beginning of the period)	$	92,342		$	37,292		$	46,937		$	38,913
Adoption of ASU 2016-13 for allowance for credit losses on loans							24,095
Charge-offs on real estate loans:
Residential Core
Ohio	408			472			467			746
Florida	—			—			1			196
Other	—			—			1			15
Total Residential Core	408			472			469			957




Total Residential Home Today	199			229			308			588
Home equity loans and lines of credit
Ohio	290			254			604			498
Florida	259			241			460			593
California	30			—			138			—
Other	185			117			246			266
Total Home equity loans and lines of credit	764			612			1,448			1,357


Total charge-offs	1,371			1,313			2,225			2,902
Recoveries on real estate loans:
Residential Core	515			364			975			1,174
Residential Home Today	551			660			974			1,187
Home equity loans and lines of credit	1,665			1,384			2,894			3,015


Total recoveries	2,731			2,408			4,843			5,376
Net recoveries (charge-offs)	1,360			1,095			2,618			2,474
Provision (release) for credit losses on loans	(3,901)			6,000			(5,901)			3,000
Allowance balance for loans (end of the period)	$	67,749		$	44,387		$	67,749		$	44,387

Allowance balance for credit losses on unfunded commitments (beginning of the period)	$	22,052					$	—
Adoption of ASU 2016-13 for allowance for credit losses on unfunded commitments							22,052
Provision (release) for credit losses on unfunded loan commitments	(99)						(99)
Allowance balance for unfunded loan commitments (end of the period)	21,953						21,953
Allowance balance for all credit losses (end of the period)	$	89,702					$	89,702
Ratios:
Net recoveries (charge-offs) to average loans outstanding (annualized)	0.02		%	0.03		%	0.04		%	0.04		%
Allowance for credit losses on loans to non-accrual loans at end of the period	128.82		%	76.73		%	128.82		%	76.73		%
Allowance for credit losses on loans to the total amortized cost in loans at end of the period	0.53		%	0.33		%	0.53		%	0.33		%

Net recoveries continued, totaling $2.6 million during the six months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $2.5 million during the six months ended March 31, 2020. We reported net recoveries for 16 out of the last 17 quarters, primarily due to improvements in the values of properties used to secure loans that were fully or partially charged off after the 2008 collapse of the housing market. Charge-offs are recognized on loans identified as collateral-dependent and subject to individual review when the collateral value does not sufficiently support full repayment of the obligation. Recoveries are recognized on

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previously charged off loans as borrowers perform their repayment obligations or as loans with improved collateral positions reach final resolution.

Gross charge-offs decreased and remained at relatively low levels, during the six months ended March 31, 2021 when compared to the six months ended March 31, 2020. We continue to evaluate loans becoming delinquent for potential losses and record provisions for the estimate of potential losses of those loans. Subject to the duration and depth of the impact from COVID-19, we expect a moderate level of charge-offs to continue as delinquent loans are resolved in the future and uncollected balances are charged against the allowance.

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, the total allowance for credit losses decreased $2.6 million, to $89.7 million from $92.3 million at December 31, 2020, as we recorded a $4.0 million release of credit losses. During the three months ended March 31, 2021, we recorded net recoveries of $1.4 million. Refer to the "Activity in the Allowance for Credit Losses" and "Analysis of the Allowance for Credit Losses" tables in Note 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCES FOR CREDIT LOSSES of the NOTES TO UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS for more information.

Because many variables are considered in determining the appropriate level of general valuation allowances, directional changes in individual considerations do not always align with the directional change in the balance of a particular component of the general valuation allowance. Changes during the three months ended March 31, 2021 in the allowance for credit loss balances are primarily related to changes in the credit for loan losses, as described below, as the allowance for credit losses on off-balance sheet remained relatively unchanged. Other than the less significant construction and other loans segments, the changes related to the significant loan segments are described as follows:

•Residential Core – The amortized cost of this segment decreased 1.8%, or $187.5 million, and its total allowance increased 0.2% or $0.1 million as of March 31, 2021 as compared to December 31, 2020. Total delinquencies decreased 3.1% to $16.3 million at March 31, 2021 from $16.9 million at December 31, 2020. Delinquencies greater than 90 days increased by 6.7% to $11.4 million at March 31, 2021 from $10.7 million at December 31, 2020. As forbearance plans expire, those borrowers that do not enter subsequent workout plans or repay the deferred amounts in full are reported as 90 days or more past due. Net recoveries were $0.1 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 and net charge-offs were $0.1 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2020. While economic forecasts showed fairly significant improvements this quarter, some borrowers have extended their forbearance plans greater than 12 months. The majority of these loans will be subject to collateral review and potential charge-offs next quarter. Accordingly, management did not reduce the allowance.

•Residential Home Today – The amortized cost of this segment decreased 3.2%, or $2.3 million, as we are no longer originating loans under the Home Today program. The expected net recovery position for this segment increased to $0.7 million at March 31, 2021, from $0.6 million at December 31, 2020. Total delinquencies decreased to $3.7 million at March 31, 2021 from $4.2 million at December 31, 2020. Delinquencies greater than 90 days decreased 16.2% to $1.9 million from $2.3 million at December 31, 2020. There were net recoveries of $0.4 million recorded during the current quarter and during the quarter ended March 31, 2020. This allowance reflects not only the declining portfolio balance, but the lower historical loss rates applied to the remaining balance and the higher expected recoveries related to the loans as they age. Under the CECL methodology, the life of loan concept allows for qualitative adjustments for the expected future recoveries of previously charged-off loans which is driving the current allowance balance for Home Today loans negative.

•Home Equity Loans and Lines of Credit – The amortized cost of this segment decreased 1.3%, or $28.8 million, to $2.17 billion at March 31, 2021 from $2.20 billion at December 31, 2020. The total allowance for this segment decreased by 10.6% to $21.2 million from $23.8 million at December 31, 2020. Total delinquencies for this portfolio segment decreased 1.0% to $7.0 million at March 31, 2021 as compared to $7.1 million at December 31, 2020. Delinquencies greater than 90 days increased 12.9% to $5.1 million at March 31, 2021 from $4.5 million at December 31, 2020. Similar to the Core segment above, as forbearance plans expire, those borrowers that do not enter subsequent workout plans or repay the deferred amounts in full are reported as 90 days or more past due. Net recoveries for this loan segment during the current quarter were slightly more at $0.9 million as compared to $0.8 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2020. While economic forecasts showed fairly significant improvement this quarter, continued uncertainty around the economic impacts related to COVID-19 and how quickly improvements might occur following the recent release of a vaccine, led management to maintain the allowance at a level determined using recent gross charge-off experience in this portfolio. This approach was also supported by the increase in the greater than 90 day delinquencies during the quarter and forbearance plans extended greater than 12 months subject to collateral review next quarter.

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Loan Portfolio Composition

The following table sets forth the composition of the portfolio of loans held for investment, by type of loan segregated by geographic location at the indicated dates, excluding loans held for sale. The majority of our Home Today loan portfolio is secured by properties located in Ohio and the balances of other loans are immaterial. Therefore, neither was segregated by geographic location.


	March 31, 2021				December 31, 2020				September 30, 2020				March 31, 2020
	Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent		Amount		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
Real estate loans:
Residential Core
Ohio	$	5,659,112			$	5,865,909			$	6,020,882			$	6,333,074
Florida	1,856,019				1,849,997				1,823,125				1,779,467
Other	2,953,845				2,942,254				2,930,838				3,036,297
Total Residential Core	10,468,976		82.2	%	10,658,160		82.2	%	10,774,845		82.0	%	11,148,838		82.0	%




Total Residential Home Today	69,845		0.6		72,129		0.6		75,166		0.6		80,401		0.6
Home equity loans and lines of credit
Ohio	622,855				638,210				655,867				686,604
Florida	425,938				428,972				432,301				441,711
California	317,067				327,376				349,701				382,065
Other	775,308				776,038				794,367				806,139
Total Home equity loans and lines of credit	2,141,168		16.8		2,170,596		16.8		2,232,236		17.0		2,316,519		17.0
Construction loans:
Ohio	48,895				48,134				42,430				48,300
Florida	6,622				5,695				5,019				3,257
Other	1,496				—				536				1,012
Total Construction	57,013		0.4		53,829		0.4		47,985		0.4		52,569		0.4
Other loans	2,482		—		2,637		—		2,581		—		2,700		—
Total loans receivable	12,739,484		100.0	%	12,957,351		100.0	%	13,132,813		100.0	%	13,601,027		100.0	%
Deferred loan expenses, net	44,422				42,138				42,459				44,941
Loans in process	(34,529)				(29,691)				(25,273)				(27,127)
Allowance for credit losses on loans	(67,749)				(70,290)				(46,937)				(44,387)
Total loans receivable, net	$	12,681,628			$	12,899,508			$	13,103,062			$	13,574,454

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The following table summarizes vintage and FICO score by portfolio as of the period presented. Balances are adjusted for deferred loan fees, expenses and any applicable loans-in-process.


													Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans
	By fiscal year of origination												Amortized		Converted
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Cost Basis		To Term		Total
March 31, 2021
Real estate loans:
Residential Core
<680	$	21,237	$	64,479	$	44,162	$	42,824	$	49,332	$	213,620	$	—	$	—	$	435,654
680-740	264,267		315,097		130,605		158,362		154,202		462,000		—		—		1,484,533
741+	1,228,619		1,656,948		763,522		843,927		1,005,572		2,912,141		—		—		8,410,729
Unknown (1)	11,584		16,305		5,991		8,456		11,270		102,850		—		—		156,456
Total Residential Core	1,525,707		2,052,829		944,280		1,053,569		1,220,376		3,690,611		—		—		10,487,372
Residential Home Today (2)
<680	—		—		—		—		—		40,948		—		—		40,948
680-740	—		—		—		—		—		13,906		—		—		13,906
741+	—		—		—		—		—		11,031		—		—		11,031
Unknown	—		—		—		—		—		3,571		—		—		3,571
Total Residential Home Today	—		—		—		—		—		69,456		—		—		69,456
Home equity loans and lines of credit
<680	169		764		586		603		680		654		67,113		32,620		103,189
680-740	4,366		1,654		3,245		2,842		1,788		1,177		316,530		38,956		370,558
741+	19,599		15,869		13,382		12,450		10,807		6,669		1,498,107		90,333		1,667,216
Unknown	20		131		22		26		864		180		14,914		10,870		27,027
Total Home equity loans and lines of credit	24,154		18,418		17,235		15,921		14,139		8,680		1,896,664		172,779		2,167,990
Construction

680-740	1,000		885		—		—		—		—		—		—		1,885
741+	5,947		12,674		—		—		—		—		—		—		18,621
Unknown	995		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		995
Total Construction	7,942		14,135		—		—		—		—		—		—		22,077
Total net real estate loans	$	1,557,803	$	2,085,382	$	961,515	$	1,069,490	$	1,234,515	$	3,768,747	$	1,896,664	$	172,779	$	12,746,895

(1) Market data necessary for stratification is not readily available.
(2) No new originations of Home Today loans since fiscal 2016.

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The following table summarizes vintage and LTV by portfolio as of the period presented. Balances are adjusted for deferred loan fees, expenses and any applicable loans-in-process.


													Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans
	By fiscal year of origination												Amortized		Converted
	2021		2020		2019		2018		2017		Prior		Cost Basis		To Term		Total
March 31, 2021
Real estate loans:
Residential Core
<80%	$	1,183,718	$	1,165,565	$	436,865	$	552,466	$	712,184	$	2,242,132	$	—	$	—	$	6,292,930
80-89.9%	319,709		809,009		459,930		462,735		467,796		1,330,303		—		—		3,849,482
90-100%	21,990		78,255		47,485		38,247		40,396		114,357		—		—		340,730
>100%	—		—		—		121		—		856		—		—		977
Unknown (1)	290		—		—		—		—		2,963		—		—		3,253
Total Residential Core	1,525,707		2,052,829		944,280		1,053,569		1,220,376		3,690,611		—		—		10,487,372
Residential Home Today (2)
<80%	—		—		—		—		—		13,531		—		—		13,531
80-89.9%	—		—		—		—		—		21,872		—		—		21,872
90-100%	—		—		—		—		—		34,053		—		—		34,053


Total Residential Home Today	—		—		—		—		—		69,456		—		—		69,456
Home equity loans and lines of credit
<80%	23,638		18,008		16,552		14,750		10,588		5,752		1,771,904		111,304		1,972,496
80-89.9%	516		410		627		1,004		1,623		773		123,170		55,740		183,863
90-100%	—		—		—		57		723		866		424		630		2,700
>100%	—		—		56		110		1,205		1,277		628		785		4,061
Unknown (1)	—		—				—		—		12		538		4,320		4,870
Total Home equity loans and lines of credit	24,154		18,418		17,235		15,921		14,139		8,680		1,896,664		172,779		2,167,990
Construction
<80%	5,128		8,954		—		—		—		—		—		—		14,082
80-89.9%	1,819		5,181		—		—		—		—		—		—		7,000


Unknown (1)	995		—		—		—		—		—		—		—		995
Total Construction	7,942		14,135		—		—		—		—		—		—		22,077
Total net real estate loans	$	1,557,803	$	2,085,382	$	961,515	$	1,069,490	$	1,234,515	$	3,768,747	$	1,896,664	$	172,779	$	12,746,895

(1) Market data necessary for stratification is not readily available.
(2) No new originations of Home Today loans since fiscal 2016.

At March 31, 2021, the unpaid principal balance of our home equity loans and lines of credit portfolio consisted of $270.1 million in home equity loans (which included $172.8 million of home equity lines of credit, which are in the amortization period and no longer eligible to be drawn upon, and $4.2 million in bridge loans) and $1.87 billion in home equity lines of credit. The following table sets forth credit exposure, principal balance, percent delinquent 90 days or more, the mean CLTV percent at the time of origination and the current mean CLTV percent of our home equity loans, home equity lines of credit and bridge loan portfolio as of March 31, 2021. Home equity lines of credit in the draw period are reported according to geographic distribution.

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	Credit Exposure		Principal Balance		Percent Delinquent 90 Days or More		Mean CLTV Percent at Origination (2)		Current Mean CLTV Percent (3)
	(Dollars in thousands)
Home equity lines of credit in draw period (by state)
Ohio	$	1,575,711	$	528,372	0.10	%	59	%	49	%
Florida	778,104		352,965		0.05	%	56	%	49	%
California	681,723		271,901		0.03	%	60	%	56	%
Other (1)	1,733,223		717,781		0.07	%	63	%	57	%
Total home equity lines of credit in draw period	4,768,761		1,871,019		0.07	%	60	%	52	%
Home equity lines in repayment, home equity loans and bridge loans	270,149		270,149		1.43	%	64	%	41	%
Total	$	5,038,910	$	2,141,168	0.24	%	60	%	51	%

_________________

(1)No other individual state has a committed or drawn balance greater than 10% of our total equity lending portfolio and 5% of total loan balances.

(2)Mean CLTV percent at origination for all home equity lines of credit is based on the committed amount.

(3)Current Mean CLTV is based on best available first mortgage and property values as of March 31, 2021. Property values are estimated using HPI data published by the FHFA. Current Mean CLTV percent for home equity lines of credit in the draw period is calculated using the committed amount. Current Mean CLTV on home equity lines of credit in the repayment period is calculated using the principal balance.

At March 31, 2021, 39.3% of our home equity lending portfolio was either in a first lien position (22.9%), in a subordinate (second) lien position behind a first lien that we held (13.7%) or behind a first lien that was held by a loan that we originated, sold and now service for others (2.7%). At March 31, 2021, 12.0% of our home equity line of credit portfolio in the draw period was making only the minimum payment on the outstanding line balance.

The following table sets forth by calendar origination year, the credit exposure, principal balance, percent delinquent 90 days or more, the mean CLTV percent at the time of origination and the current mean CLTV percent of our home equity loans, home equity lines of credit and bridge loan portfolio as of March 31, 2021. Home equity lines of credit in the draw period are included in the year originated:


	Credit Exposure		Principal Balance		Percent Delinquent 90 Days or More		Mean CLTV Percent at Origination (1)		Current Mean CLTV Percent (2)
	(Dollars in thousands)
Home equity lines of credit in draw period (3)
2010 and Prior	$	628	$	199	—	%	20	%	52	%
2013	40		17		—	%	79	%	49	%


2014	78,549		19,569		—	%	58	%	37	%
2015	117,450		34,781		—	%	58	%	39	%
2016	308,614		104,196		0.23	%	60	%	44	%
2017	662,062		261,032		0.18	%	59	%	47	%
2018	869,533		382,298		0.02	%	59	%	51	%
2019	1,165,930		555,588		0.05	%	62	%	56	%
2020	1,067,742		388,496		0.05	%	59	%	56	%
2021	498,213		124,843		—	%	62	%	62	%
Total home equity lines of credit in draw period	4,768,761		1,871,019		0.07	%	60	%	52	%
Home equity lines in repayment, home equity loans and bridge loans	270,149		270,149		1.43	%	64	%	41	%
Total	$	5,038,910	$	2,141,168	0.24	%	60	%	51	%

________________

(1)Mean CLTV percent at origination for all home equity lines of credit is based on the committed amount.

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(2)Current Mean CLTV is based on best available first mortgage and property values as of March 31, 2021. Property values are estimated using HPI data published by the FHFA. Current Mean CLTV percent for home equity lines of credit in the draw period is calculated using the committed amount. Current Mean CLTV on home equity lines of credit in the repayment period is calculated using the principal balance.

(3)There are no remaining principal balances of home equity lines of credit for years 2011 and 2012. Those years are excluded from the table above.

The following table sets forth by fiscal year when the draw period expires, the principal balance of home equity lines of credit in the draw period as of March 31, 2021, segregated by the current combined LTV range.


	Current CLTV Category
Home equity lines of credit in draw period (by end of draw fiscal year):	< 80%		80 - 89.9%		90 - 100%		>100%		Unknown (1)		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
2021	$	30,386	$	22	$	—	$	22	$	—	$	30,430
2022	82		—		—		—		—		82
2023	17		—		—		—		—		17
2024	12,531		—		—		—		—		12,531
2025	34,707		—		—				16		34,723
2026	60,010		—		1		—		—		60,011
Post 2026	1,722,565		9,834		313		—		513		1,733,225
Total	$	1,860,298	$	9,856	$	314	$	22	$	529	$	1,871,019

_________________

(1)Market data necessary for stratification is not readily available.

The following table sets forth the breakdown of current mean CLTV percentages for our home equity lines of credit in the draw period as of March 31, 2021.


	Credit Exposure		Principal Balance		Percent of Total Principal Balance		Percent Delinquent 90 Days or More		Mean CLTV Percent at Origination (2)		Current Mean CLTV Percent (3)
	(Dollars in thousands)
Home equity lines of credit in draw period (by current mean CLTV)
< 80%	$	4,726,781	$	1,860,298	99.5	%	0.06	%	60	%	52	%
80 - 89.9%	38,270		9,856		0.5	%	0.22	%	79	%	81	%
90 - 100%	949		314		—	%	—	%	74	%	96	%
> 100%	648		22		—	%	100.0	%	51	%	120	%
Unknown (1)	2,113		529		—	%	—	%	46	%	(1)
	$	4,768,761	$	1,871,019	100.0	%	0.07	%	60	%	52	%

_________________

(1)Market data necessary for stratification is not readily available.

(2)Mean CLTV percent at origination for all home equity lines of credit is based on the committed amount.

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Delinquent Loans

The following tables set forth the amortized cost in loan delinquencies by type, segregated by geographic location and severity of delinquency as of the dates indicated. The majority of our Home Today loan portfolio is secured by properties located in Ohio and there are no other loans with delinquent balances.


	Loans Delinquent for
	30-89 Days		90 Days or More		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2021
Real estate loans:
Residential Core
Ohio	$	3,559	$	7,044	$	10,603
Florida	1,103		2,943		4,046
Other	258		1,438		1,696
Total Residential Core	4,920		11,425		16,345




Residential Home Today	1,791		1,914		3,705
Home equity loans and lines of credit
Ohio	357		1,994		2,351
Florida	345		837		1,182
California	713		899		1,612
Other	475		1,375		1,850
Total Home equity loans and lines of credit	1,890		5,105		6,995


Total	$	8,601	$	18,444	$	27,045


	Loans Delinquent for
	30-89 Days		90 Days or More		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
December 31, 2020
Real estate loans:
Residential Core
Ohio	$	4,875	$	7,113	$	11,988
Florida	751		2,887		3,638
Other	540		705		1,245
Total Residential Core	6,166		10,705		16,871




Residential Home Today	1,933		2,284		4,217
Home equity loans and lines of credit
Ohio	535		1,840		2,375
Florida	714		883		1,597
California	399		653		1,052
Other	895		1,146		2,041
Total Home equity loans and lines of credit	2,543		4,522		7,065


Total	$	10,642	$	17,511	$	28,153

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	Loans Delinquent for
	30-89 Days		90 Days or More		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
September 30, 2020
Real estate loans:
Residential Core
Ohio	$	5,463	$	6,982	$	12,445
Florida	1,023		1,852		2,875
Other	401		1,124		1,525
Total Residential Core	6,887		9,958		16,845




Residential Home Today	2,057		2,480		4,537
Home equity loans and lines of credit
Ohio	898		1,938		2,836
Florida	634		564		1,198
California	383		489		872
Other	670		1,269		1,939
Total Home equity loans and lines of credit	2,585		4,260		6,845


Total	$	11,529	$	16,698	$	28,227


	Loans Delinquent for
	30-89 Days		90 Days or More		Total
	(Dollars in thousands)
March 31, 2020
Real estate loans:
Residential Core
Ohio	$	6,519	$	5,639	$	12,158
Florida	847		1,796		2,643
Other	1,158		1,663		2,821
Total Residential Core	8,524		9,098		17,622




Residential Home Today	3,724		2,830		6,554
Home equity loans and lines of credit
Ohio	998		1,932		2,930
Florida	1,260		684		1,944
California	520		492		1,012
Other	1,686		1,730		3,416
Total Home equity loans and lines of credit	4,464		4,838		9,302


Total	$	16,712	$	16,766	$	33,478

Total loans seriously delinquent (i.e. delinquent 90 days or more) were 0.14% of total net loans at March 31, 2021 and at December 31, 2020, 0.13% at September 30, 2020, and 0.12% at March 31, 2020. Total loans delinquent (i.e. delinquent 30 days or more) were 0.21% of total net loans at March 31, 2021, 0.22% at December 31, 2020, 0.21% at September 30, 2020, and 0.25% at March 31, 2020.

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Non-Performing Assets and Troubled Debt Restructurings

The following table sets forth the amortized costs and categories of our non-performing assets and TDRs at the dates indicated.


	March 31, 2021			December 31, 2020			September 30, 2020			March 31, 2020
	(Dollars in thousands)
Non-accrual loans:
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	31,066		$	29,492		$	31,823		$	32,960
Residential Home Today	9,292			9,891			10,372			11,231
Home equity loans and lines of credit	12,234			11,223			11,174			13,654


Total non-accrual loans (1)(2)	52,592			50,606			53,369			57,845
Real estate owned	—			102			185			2,728

Total non-performing assets	$	52,592		$	50,708		$	53,554		$	60,573
Ratios:
Total non-accrual loans to total loans	0.41		%	0.39		%	0.41		%	0.42		%
Total non-accrual loans to total assets	0.36		%	0.35		%	0.36		%	0.39		%
Total non-performing assets to total assets	0.36		%	0.35		%	0.37		%	0.40		%
TDRs: (not included in non-accrual loans above)
Real estate loans:
Residential Core	$	45,761		$	45,844		$	45,929		$	48,029
Residential Home Today	22,683			23,272			23,859			24,720
Home equity loans and lines of credit	26,748			28,289			29,336			29,906


Total	$	95,192		$	97,405		$	99,124		$	102,655

_________________

(1)At March 31, 2021, December 31, 2020, September 30, 2020, and March 31, 2020, the totals include $31.8 million, $31.3 million, $35.0 million, and $37.4 million, respectively, in TDRs, which are less than 90 days past due but included with non-accrual loans for a minimum period of six months from the restructuring date due to their non-accrual status or forbearance plan prior to restructuring, because of a prior partial charge off, or because all borrowers have filed Chapter 7 bankruptcy, and not reaffirmed or been dismissed.

(2)At March 31, 2021, December 31, 2020, September 30, 2020, and March 31, 2020, the totals include $7.8 million, $7.6 million, $7.2 million and $8.2 million in TDRs that are 90 days or more past due, respectively.

The gross interest income that would have been recorded during the six months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020 on non-accrual loans, if they had been accruing during the entire period and TDRs if they had been current and performing in accordance with their original terms during the entire period, was $3.6 million and $4.0 million, respectively. The interest income recognized on those loans included in net income for the six months ended March 31, 2021 and March 31, 2020 was $2.2 million and $2.6 million, respectively.

The amortized cost of collateral-dependent loans includes accruing TDRs and loans that are returned to accrual status when contractual payments are less than 90 days past due. These loans continue to be individually evaluated based on collateral until, at a minimum, contractual payments are less than 30 days past due. Also, the amortized cost of non-accrual loans includes loans that are not included in the amortized cost of collateral-dependent loans because they are included in loans collectively evaluated for credit losses.

The table below sets forth a reconciliation of the amortized costs and categories between non-accrual loans and collateral-dependent loans at the dates indicated. The increase in other accruing collateral-dependent loans is primarily related to forbearance plans being extended past 12 months. For September 30, 2020 and March 31, 2020, the tables below set forth a reconciliation of the amortized cost and categories between non-accrual loans and impaired loans, under previously applicable GAAP.

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	March 31, 2021		December 31, 2020
	(Dollars in thousands)
Non-Accrual Loans	$	52,592	$	50,606
Accruing Collateral-Dependent TDRs	7,828		8,157
Other Accruing Collateral-Dependent Loans	10,165		7,313
Less: Loans Collectively Evaluated	(4,540)		(4,146)
Total Collateral-Dependent loans	$	66,045	$	61,930


	September 30, 2020		March 31, 2020
	(Dollars in thousands)
Non-Accrual Loans	$	53,369	$	57,845
Accruing TDRs	99,124		102,655
Performing Impaired Loans	5,959		3,932
Less: Loans Collectively Evaluated	(3,235)		(4,391)
Total Impaired Loans	$	155,217	$	160,041

In response to the economic challenges facing many borrowers, we continue to restructure loans. Loan restructuring is a method used to help families keep their homes and preserve our neighborhoods. This involves making changes to the borrowers' loan terms through interest rate reductions, either for a specific period or for the remaining term of the loan; term extensions including those beyond that provided in the original agreement; principal forgiveness; capitalization of delinquent payments in special situations; or some combination of the above. Loans discharged through Chapter 7 bankruptcy are also reported as TDRs per OCC interpretive guidance. For discussion on TDR measurement, see Note 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCES FOR CREDIT LOSSES of the NOTES TO UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. We had $134.7 million of TDRs (accrual and non-accrual) recorded at March 31, 2021. This was a decrease in the amortized cost of TDRs of $1.7 million, $6.6 million and $13.6 million from December 31, 2020, September 30, 2020 and March 31, 2020, respectively.

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The following table sets forth the amortized cost in accrual and non-accrual TDRs, by the types of concessions granted, as of March 31, 2021. Initial concessions granted by loans restructured as TDRs can include reduction of interest rate, extension of amortization period, forbearance or other actions. Some TDRs have experienced a combination of concessions. TDRs also can occur as a result of bankruptcy proceedings. Loans discharged in Chapter 7 bankruptcy are classified as multiple restructurings if the loan's original terms had also been restructured by the Company.


	Initial Restructurings		Multiple Restructurings		Bankruptcy		Total
	(In thousands)
Accrual
Residential Core	$	26,512	$	13,450	$	5,799	$	45,761
Residential Home Today	12,111		9,352		1,220		22,683
Home equity loans and lines of credit	25,232		741		775		26,748

Total	$	63,855	$	23,543	$	7,794	$	95,192
Non-Accrual, Performing
Residential Core	$	3,937	$	6,592	$	8,677	$	19,206
Residential Home Today	882		4,702		1,572		7,156
Home equity loans and lines of credit	2,211		2,088		1,106		5,405

Total	$	7,030	$	13,382	$	11,355	$	31,767
Non-Accrual, Non-Performing
Residential Core	$	1,459	$	2,359	$	475	$	4,293
Residential Home Today	584		863		154		1,601
Home equity loans and lines of credit	1,139		575		170		1,884

Total	$	3,182	$	3,797	$	799	$	7,778
Total TDRs
Residential Core	$	31,908	$	22,401	$	14,951	$	69,260
Residential Home Today	13,577		14,917		2,946		31,440
Home equity loans and lines of credit	28,582		3,404		2,051		34,037

Total	$	74,067	$	40,722	$	19,948	$	134,737

TDRs in accrual status are loans accruing interest and performing according to the terms of the restructuring. To be performing, a loan must be less than 90 days past due as of the report date. Non-accrual, performing status indicates that a loan was not accruing interest or in a forbearance plan at the time of restructuring, continues to not accrue interest and is performing according to the terms of the restructuring, but has not been current for at least six consecutive months since its restructuring, has a partial charge-off, or is being classified as non-accrual per the OCC guidance on loans in Chapter 7 bankruptcy status, where all borrowers have filed and have not reaffirmed or been dismissed. Non-accrual, non-performing status includes loans that are not accruing interest because they are greater than 90 days past due and therefore not performing according to the terms of the restructuring.

Income Taxes. Accounting for income taxes is considered a critical accounting policy due to the subjective nature of certain estimates, including the impact of tax rate changes, such as those implemented by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act signed into law in 2017, and the impact of other tax law changes, such as those implemented by the CARES Act signed into law in March, 2020, that are involved in the calculation. We use the asset/liability method of accounting for income taxes in which deferred tax assets and liabilities are established for the temporary differences between the financial reporting basis and the tax basis of our assets and liabilities. We must assess the realization of the deferred tax asset and, to the extent that we believe that recovery is not likely, a valuation allowance is established. Adjustments to increase or decrease existing valuation allowances, if any, are charged or credited, respectively, to income tax expense. At March 31, 2021, no valuation allowances were outstanding. Even though we have determined a valuation allowance is not required for deferred tax assets at March 31, 2021, there is no guarantee that those assets, if any, will be recognizable in the future.

Pension Benefits. The determination of our obligations and expense for pension benefits is dependent upon certain assumptions used in calculating such amounts. Key assumptions used in the actuarial valuations include the discount rate and expected long-term rate of return on plan assets. Actual results could differ from the assumptions and market driven rates may

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fluctuate. Significant differences in actual experience or significant changes in the assumptions could materially affect future pension obligations and expense.

Comparison of Financial Condition at March 31, 2021 and September 30, 2020

Total assets decreased $177.4 million, or 1%, to $14.46 billion at March 31, 2021 from $14.64 billion at September 30, 2020. This decrease was primarily the result of loan sales and principal repayments on loans exceeding the total of new loan originations and the impact of adopting CECL, partially offset by an increase in bank owned life insurance.

Cash and cash equivalents increased $167.4 million, or 34%, to $665.4 million at March 31, 2021 from $498.0 million at September 30, 2020. Cash is managed to maintain the level of liquidity described later in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section. Balances have increased as proceeds from loan sales and principal repayments have been retained for reinvestment or use in retiring maturing liabilities.

Investment securities, all of which are classified as available for sale, decreased $32.4 million, or 7%, to $421.0 million at March 31, 2021 from $453.4 million at September 30, 2020. This decrease is a result of cash flows from security repayments and maturities exceeding purchases during the fiscal year. Pay downs on mortgage-backed securities increased due to the historically low mortgage interest rates. Investment securities decreased as $150.3 million in purchases and a $2.4 million reduction of unrealized losses were exceeded by the combined effect of $176.3 million in principal paydowns and $4.0 million of net acquisition premium amortization that occurred in the mortgage-backed securities portfolio during the six months ended March 31, 2021. There were no sales of investment securities during the six months ended March 31, 2021.

Loans held for investment, net, decreased $421.4 million, or 3%, to $12.68 billion at March 31, 2021 from $13.10 billion at September 30, 2020. This decrease was based on a combination of a $311.2 million, or 3%, decrease in residential mortgage loans to $10.54 billion at March 31, 2021 from $10.85 billion at September 30, 2020 and a $91.1 million decrease in the balance of home equity loans and lines of credit during the six months ended March 31, 2021, as loan sales and repayments on existing loans exceeded new originations and additional draws on existing accounts. Of the total $2.06 billion first mortgage loan originations for the six months ended March 31, 2021, 80% were refinance transactions, 33% were adjustable-rate mortgages and 18% were fixed-rate mortgages with terms of 10 years or less. Total first mortgage loan originations were $1.33 billion for the six months ended March 31, 2020, of which 45% were adjustable-rate mortgages and 9% were fixed-rate mortgages with terms of 10 years or less. During the six months ended March 31, 2021, $676.7 million of three- and five-year “Smart Rate” loans were originated while $1.39 billion of 10-, 15-, and 30-year fixed-rate first mortgage loans were originated. Between September 30, 2020 and March 31, 2021, the total fixed-rate portion of the first mortgage loan portfolio decreased $203.1 million and was comprised of a decrease of $299.9 million in the balance of fixed-rate loans with original terms greater than 10 years partially offset by an increase of $96.9 million in the balance of fixed-rate loans with original terms of 10 years or less. During the six months ended March 31, 2021, $517.5 million were sold or committed to sell, which consisted of $27.5 million of agency-compliant Home Ready loans and $490.0 million of long-term, fixed-rate, agency-compliant, non-Home Ready first mortgage loans sold to Fannie Mae. During the six months ended March 31, 2021, fixed-rate, first mortgage loans were purchased with remaining unpaid principal balances totaling $17.7 million at the time of purchase.

Commitments originated for home equity lines of credit and equity and bridge loans were $823.7 million for the six months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $733.2 million for the six months ended March 31, 2020. At March 31, 2021, pending commitments to originate new home equity loans and lines of credit were $225.8 million. Refer to the Controlling Our Interest Rate Risk Exposure section of the Overview for additional information.

A credit of $4.0 million and $6.0 million was recorded to the allowance for credit losses during the three and six months ended March 31, 2021, respectively, compared to a provision of $6.0 million and $3.0 million for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively. Releases from the allowance for credit losses during the current year reflected improvements in the economic metrics used to forecast losses for the reasonable and supportable period and decreases in pandemic forbearance balances, as well as adjusting for the level of net loan recoveries recorded during the period. On October 1, 2020, the Company adopted the Current Expected Credit Loss ("CECL") methodology and recognized a $46.2 million increase to the allowance for credit losses and a related $35.8 million reduction to retained earnings, net of tax. The Company recorded $1.4 million and $2.6 million of net loan recoveries for the three and six months ended March 31, 2021, respectively, compared to $1.1 million and $2.5 million of net loan recoveries for the three and six months ended March 31, 2020, respectively. Gross loan charge-offs were $1.4 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 and $1.3 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2020, while loan recoveries were $2.7 million in the current quarter and $2.4 million in the prior year quarter. The allowance for credit losses was $89.7 million at March 31, 2021, compared to $92.3 million at December 31, 2020 and $46.9 million at September 30, 2020. The allowance for credits losses at both March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 included a $22.0 million liability for unfunded commitments, primarily undrawn equity lines of credit commitments. While actual loan

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charge-offs and delinquencies remained low at March 31, 2021, some borrowers have experienced unemployment or reduced income as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. While assistance continues to be offered to our borrowers, which includes forbearance programs, an allowance to capture expected losses on these loans is accounted for within the CECL methodology. Refer to Note 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCES FOR CREDIT LOSSES of the NOTES TO UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS for additional discussion.

The amount of FHLB stock owned increased $26.0 million to $162.8 million at March 31, 2021 compared to $136.8 million at September 30, 2020. FHLB stock ownership requirements dictate the amount of stock owned at any given time.

Total bank owned life insurance contracts increased $71.1 million, to $294.0 million at March 31, 2021, from $222.9 million at September 30, 2020, primarily due to $70.0 million of additional premiums placed during the quarter ended December 31, 2020.

Other assets, including prepaid expenses, decreased $10.2 million to $94.6 million at March 31, 2021 from $104.8 million at September 30, 2020. This decrease was primarily due to a $6.3 million decrease in margin requirements on matured and terminated swaps and a $2.3 million decrease in lease right of use asset, net of accumulated amortization.

Deposits increased $12.9 million, or less than 1%, to $9.24 billion at March 31, 2021 from $9.23 billion at September 30, 2020. The increase in deposits resulted primarily from a combination of an $115.8 million increase in checking accounts, an $89.5 million increase in savings accounts, and a $43.2 million increase in money market accounts. These increases were partially offset by a $253.2 million decrease in CDs, inclusive of brokered CDs, as the low current market interest rates have impacted customers' desires to maintain longer-term CDs. The balance of brokered CDs included in total deposits at March 31, 2021 was $572.4 million, an increase of $18.5 million during the six months ended March 31, 2021, compared to a balance of $553.9 million at September 30, 2020.

Borrowed funds, all from the FHLB of Cincinnati, decreased $228.0 million, or 6%, to $3.29 billion at March 31, 2021 from $3.52 billion at September 30, 2020. This decrease consisted of a $225.0 million decrease in 90-day advances that were utilized for longer term interest rate swap contracts and $2.8 million in long term advances that reached maturity during the six-month period and were not replaced. There were no new advances during the six months ended March 31, 2021. There were no other short-term advances at March 31, 2021 or September 30, 2020. The total balance of borrowed funds of $3.29 billion at March 31, 2021 consisted of no overnight and short-term advances, long-term advances of $542.3 million with a remaining weighted average maturity of approximately three years and short-term advances of $2.75 billion aligned with interest rate swap contracts with a remaining weighted average effective maturity of approximately 2.7 years. Interest rate swaps have been used to extend the duration of short-term borrowings to approximately four to seven years at inception, by paying a fixed rate of interest and receiving the variable rate. Refer to the Extending the Duration of Funding Sources section of the Overview and Part I, Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk for additional discussion regarding short-term borrowings and interest-rate swaps.

Borrowers' advances for insurance and taxes decreased by $17.4 million to $94.1 million at March 31, 2021 from $111.5 million at September 30, 2020. This change primarily reflects the cyclical nature of real estate tax payments that have been collected from borrowers and are in the process of being remitted to various taxing agencies.

Accrued expenses and other liabilities increased by $23.4 million to $89.0 million at March 31, 2021 from $65.6 million at September 30, 2020. The change was mainly due to a $22.0 million increase in the liability for off-balance sheet exposures on commitments to originate new loans and undrawn equity lines of credit and construction loan balances upon the October 1, 2020 adoption of CECL.

Total shareholders’ equity increased $31.6 million, or 2%, to $1.70 billion at March 31, 2021 from $1.67 billion at September 30, 2020. Activity reflects $48.0 million of net income and a $44.4 million decrease in accumulated other

comprehensive loss, reduced by a $35.8 million provision to the allowance for credit losses, net of tax, at the adoption of

CECL, $28.4 million of quarterly dividends and $3.4 million of adjustments related to our stock compensation and employee

stock ownership plans. The decrease in accumulated other comprehensive loss is primarily due to a net positive change in

unrealized gains and losses on swap contracts. No shares of TFS common stock were repurchased during the six months ended

March 31, 2021. As a result of a July 14, 2020 mutual member vote, Third Federal Savings, MHC, the mutual holding company that owns approximately 81% of the outstanding stock of the Company, waived the receipt of its share of the dividends paid. Refer to Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds for additional details regarding the repurchase of shares of common stock and the dividend waiver.

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Comparison of Operating Results for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020

Average balances and yields. The following table sets forth average balances, average yields and costs, and certain other information for the periods indicated. No tax-equivalent yield adjustments were made, as the effects thereof were not material. Average balances are derived from daily average balances. Non-accrual loans are included in the computation of loan average balances, but only cash payments received on those loans during the period presented are reflected in the yield. The yields set forth below include the effect of deferred fees, deferred expenses, discounts and premiums that are amortized or accreted to interest income or interest expense.


	Three Months Ended								Three Months Ended
	March 31, 2021								March 31, 2020
	Average Balance			Interest Income/ Expense			Yield/ Cost (1)		Average Balance			Interest Income/ Expense			Yield/ Cost (1)
	(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-earning cash equivalents	$	494,161		$	127		0.10	%	$	255,711		$	771		1.21	%

Mortgage-backed securities	435,847			966			0.89	%	549,254			2,911			2.12	%
Loans (2)	12,892,195			96,175			2.98	%	13,489,277			115,203			3.42	%
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	158,930			687			1.73	%	104,944			641			2.44	%
Total interest-earning assets	13,981,133			97,955			2.80	%	14,399,186			119,526			3.32	%
Noninterest-earning assets	548,229								508,440
Total assets	$	14,529,362							$	14,907,626
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Checking accounts	$	1,062,894		296			0.11	%	$	874,424		370			0.17	%
Savings accounts	1,724,978			760			0.18	%	1,506,254			2,540			0.67	%
Certificates of deposit	6,394,643			23,489			1.47	%	6,672,273			34,573			2.07	%
Borrowed funds	3,352,317			14,999			1.79	%	3,887,648			17,005			1.75	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	12,534,832			39,544			1.26	%	12,940,599			54,488			1.68	%
Noninterest-bearing liabilities	306,556								232,089
Total liabilities	12,841,388								13,172,688
Shareholders’ equity	1,687,974								1,734,938
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	14,529,362							$	14,907,626
Net interest income				$	58,411							$	65,038
Interest rate spread (1)(3)							1.54	%							1.64	%
Net interest-earning assets (4)	$	1,446,301							$	1,458,587
Net interest margin (1)(5)				1.67		%						1.81		%
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities	111.54		%						111.27		%
Selected performance ratios:
Return on average assets (1)				0.63		%						0.46		%
Return on average equity (1)				5.45		%						3.98		%
Average equity to average assets				11.62		%						11.64		%

_________________

(1)Annualized.

(2)Loans include both mortgage loans held for sale and loans held for investment.

(3)Interest rate spread represents the difference between the yield on average interest-earning assets and the cost of average interest-bearing liabilities.

(4)Net interest-earning assets represent total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities.

(5)Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by total interest-earning assets.

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General. Net income increased $5.7 million, or 33%, to $23.0 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 from $17.3 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2020. The increase in net income was attributable primarily to higher net gain on the sale of loans and releases from the allowance for credit losses, partially offset by a decrease in net interest income and an increased income tax provision.

Interest and Dividend Income. Interest and dividend income decreased $21.6 million, or 18%, to $98.0 million during the current quarter compared to $119.5 million during the same quarter in the prior year. The decrease in interest and dividend income occurred in most classes of interest-earning assets, with the exception of FHLB stock.

Interest income on loans decreased $19.0 million, or 16%, to $96.2 million during the current quarter compared to $115.2 million during the same quarter in the prior year. This change was attributed to a 44 basis point decrease in the average yield to 2.98% for the current quarter from 3.42% for the same quarter last year as market interest rate decreases have impacted loan yields, particularly home equity lending products that feature interest rates that reset based on the prime rate, which hasn't changed since it decreased 150 basis points in March 2020. Adding to the decline in the average yield was a $597.1 million, or a 4%, decrease in the average balance of loans to $12.89 billion for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 compared to $13.49 billion during the same quarter last year as principal repayments and loan sales exceeded new loan production.

Interest income on other interest earning cash equivalents decreased $0.7 million, or 88%, to $0.1 million during the current three months compared to $0.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. The decrease was attributed to a 111 basis point decrease in the average yield partially offset by a $238.5 million increase in the average balance of other interest earning cash equivalents to $494.2 million from $255.7 million for the same three months in the prior year.

Interest income on mortgage-backed securities decreased $1.9 million to $1.0 million during the current three months compared to $2.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. This decrease was attributed to a 123 basis point decrease in the average yield on mortgage-backed securities as well as a $113.5 million decrease in the average balance of mortgage-backed securities to $435.8 million for the current three months compared to $549.3 million during the same three months in the prior year.

Interest income on FHLB stock increased $0.1 million, or 7% to $0.7 million during the current three months compared to $0.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. This increase was attributed to a $54.0 million increase in the average balance of FHLB stock to $158.9 million from $104.9 million for the same three months in the prior year, offset by a 71 basis point decrease in the average yield on FHLB stock. The decrease in the average yield was a result of the FHLB lowering the dividend yield on its stock in response to decreased market interest rates.

Interest Expense. Interest expense decreased $15.0 million, or 28%, to $39.5 million during the current quarter compared to $54.5 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2020. The decrease resulted from a decline in interest expense on deposits as well as borrowed funds, as advances that matured during the quarter were not replaced.

Interest expense on savings accounts decreased $1.7 million, or 67%, to $0.8 million during the current quarter from $2.5 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2020. This decline was attributable to a 49 basis point decrease in the average rate paid on savings accounts to 0.18% during the current quarter from 0.67% from the same quarter last year. Partially offsetting this decrease was a $218.7 million, or 15%, increase in the average balance of savings accounts to 1.72 billion during the current quarter compared to 1.51 billion during the same quarter of the prior year. Interest expense on CDs decreased $11.1 million, or 32%, to $23.5 million during the current quarter compared to $34.6 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2020. The decrease was attributed to a 60 basis point decrease in the average rate paid on CDs to 1.47% for the current quarter from 2.07% for the same quarter last year. There was a $277.7 million, or 4%, decrease in the average balance of CDs to $6.39 billion during the current quarter from $6.67 billion during the same quarter of the prior year. Rates were adjusted on deposits in response to changes in the rates paid by our competition. The increase in deposits was used to help fortify the balance sheet by increasing our cash position, reducing borrowed funds and funding our capital management activities, mainly dividend payments.

Interest expense on borrowed funds, all from the FHLB of Cincinnati, decreased $2.0 million, or 12%, to $15.0 million during the current quarter compared to $17.0 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2020. This decrease was mainly attributed to a $535.3 million, or 14%, decrease in the average balance of borrowed funds to $3.35 billion during the current quarter from an average balance of $3.89 billion during the same quarter of the prior year. Funds from loan sales and loan repayments were used to reduce the outstanding balance of borrowed funds. Partially offsetting the decrease in the balance was a four basis point increase in the average rate paid on these funds to 1.79% for the current quarter from 1.75% for the same quarter last year. While market interest rates have decreased between the two periods, the average rate has increased slightly as a result of lower rate short term advances being paid down since last year, leaving the higher rate longer term advances. The use of interest rate swap contracts in prior periods to extend the duration and fix the interest rate cost of borrowed funds to help

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manage our interest rate risk position, has limited the ability to further reduce interest expense on borrowed funds. Refer to the Extending the Duration of Funding Sources section of the Overview and Comparison of Financial Condition for further discussion.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income decreased $6.6 million to $58.4 million during the current quarter when compared to $65.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2020. While the average cost of interest-bearing liabilities decreased when compared to the same period last year, this was more than offset by a decrease in the average balance of interest earning assets and a decrease in the yield on interest-earning assets. Our average interest earning assets during the current quarter decreased $418.1 million, or 3%, when compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2020. The decrease in average interest-earning assets was attributed primarily to an increase in loan sales and to a lesser extent a decrease in mortgage-backed securities, partially offset by an increase in other interest earning cash equivalents and Federal Home Loan Bank stock. In addition to the decrease in average interest earning assets was a 52 basis point decrease in the yield on those assets to 2.80% from 3.32%, as a result of market rate changes. Our interest rate spread decreased 10 basis points to 1.54% compared to 1.64% during the same quarter last year, reflecting the effect of the low interest rate environment. Our net interest margin decreased 14 basis points to 1.67% in the current quarter compared to 1.81% for the same quarter last year.

Provision for Credit Losses. We recorded a credit for loan losses of $4.0 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2021, compared to a provision for loan losses of $6.0 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2020. While there was no provision for credit losses during the current quarter, the economic impact from the COVID-19 outbreak that has led to increased unemployment and deterioration in the overall macro-economic environment continues to be closely monitored. We continue to assess the effect unemployment will have on our borrowers and the broader market, including the longer term impact to the relative values of residential properties. As delinquencies in the portfolio have been resolved through pay-offs, short sale or foreclosure, or management determines the collateral is not sufficient to satisfy the loan balance, uncollected balances have been charged against the allowance for credit losses previously provided. In the current quarter we recorded net recoveries of $1.4 million compared to net recoveries of $1.1 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2020. Loan loss provisions (credits) are recorded with the objective of aligning our allowance for credit losses with our current estimates of loss in the portfolio. The allowance for credit losses on loans was $67.7 million, or 0.53% of total amortized cost in loans receivable, at March 31, 2021, compared to $44.4 million or 0.33% of total amortized cost in loans receivable at March 31, 2020. The total allowance for credit losses was $89.7 million at March 31, 2021, compared to $92.3 million at December 31, 2020. The allowance for credits losses at both March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 included a $22.0 million liability for unfunded commitments, primarily undrawn equity lines of credit commitments. Balances of amortized costs are net of deferred fees or expenses and any applicable loans-in-process. Refer to the Critical Accounting Policies section of the Overview and Note 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCES FOR CREDIT LOSSES of the NOTES TO UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS for further discussion.

Non-Interest Income. Non-interest income increased $6.8 million, or 76%, to $15.7 million during the current quarter compared to $8.9 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2020 mainly as a result of an increase in the net gain on sale of loans. Gains on the sale of loans increased $5.8 million to $8.9 million compared to $3.1 million for the same quarter in the prior year as there were $224.0 million of loan sales during the current quarter compared to $114.7 million of loan sales during the quarter ended March 31, 2020. While the loan sale gains have increased from the prior year comparable quarter, they have decreased from the $16.4 million gain recorded in the previous quarter ended December 31, 2020, as percentage gains have decreased in response to the rise in longer term market interest rates during the current quarter. The lower percentage gains on loan sales also impacts our decision on whether to to sell future loans or hold them in portfolio to improve net interest income. Additionally, the cash surrender value and death benefits from bank owned life insurance increased $1.3 million, to $3.8 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2021, from $2.5 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2020. The increase was caused by a combination of increased cash surrender value experienced on $70 million of new contracts entered into during the current fiscal year plus increased death benefit proceeds received during the quarter.

Non-Interest Expense. Non-interest expense decreased $0.8 million, or 2%, to $48.8 million during the current quarter compared to $49.6 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2020. The decrease was comprised of variances in several categories including a $0.5 million decrease in compensation expense, a $0.4 million decrease in federal insurance premiums and a $1.0 million decrease in appraisal and third party fees on equity line of credit originations, partially offset by a $1.3 million increase in marketing costs.

Income Tax Expense. The provision for income taxes increased $5.1 million to $6.3 million during the current quarter compared to $1.2 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2020 reflecting the higher level of pre-tax income during the more recent period, but also the impact of a CARES Act provision which permitted a carry back of net operating losses to years taxed at a higher rate and resulted in a tax benefit of $2.8 million during the quarter ended March 31, 2020. The provision for the current quarter included $5.1 million of federal income tax provision and $1.2 million of state income tax provision. The

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provision for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 included $0.6 million of federal income tax provision and $0.5 million of state income tax benefit. Our effective federal tax rate was 18.3% during the current quarter and 3.6% during the quarter ended March 31, 2020.

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Comparison of Operating Results for the Six Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020


	Six Months Ended								Six Months Ended
	March 31, 2021								March 31, 2020
	Average Balance			Interest Income/ Expense			Yield/ Cost (1)		Average Balance			Interest Income/ Expense			Yield/ Cost (1)
	(Dollars in thousands)
Interest-earning assets:
Interest-earning cash equivalents	$	485,375		$	255		0.11	%	$	242,849		$	1,720		1.42	%

Mortgage-backed securities	441,696			1,953			0.88	%	547,491			5,775			2.11	%
Loans (2)	12,991,561			196,301			3.02	%	13,365,570			230,428			3.45	%
Federal Home Loan Bank stock	147,861			1,375			1.86	%	103,401			1,655			3.20	%
Total interest-earning assets	14,066,493			199,884			2.84	%	14,259,311			239,578			3.36	%
Noninterest-earning assets	536,771								498,820
Total assets	$	14,603,264							$	14,758,131
Interest-bearing liabilities:
Checking accounts	$	1,040,353		617			0.12	%	$	871,198		853			0.20	%
Savings accounts	1,693,536			1,674			0.20	%	1,498,164			5,564			0.74	%
Certificates of deposit	6,444,083			49,950			1.55	%	6,589,024			69,382			2.11	%
Borrowed funds	3,411,955			30,489			1.79	%	3,816,909			34,556			1.81	%
Total interest-bearing liabilities	12,589,927			82,730			1.31	%	12,775,295			110,355			1.73	%
Noninterest-bearing liabilities	341,727								252,546
Total liabilities	12,931,654								13,027,841
Shareholders’ equity	1,671,610								1,730,290
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity	$	14,603,264							$	14,758,131
Net interest income				$	117,154							$	129,223
Interest rate spread (1)(3)							1.53	%							1.63	%
Net interest-earning assets (4)	$	1,476,566							$	1,484,016
Net interest margin (1)(5)				1.67		%						1.81		%
Average interest-earning assets to average interest-bearing liabilities	111.73		%						111.62		%
Selected performance ratios:
Return on average assets (1)				0.66		%						0.58		%
Return on average equity (1)				5.74		%						4.96		%
Average equity to average assets				11.45		%						11.72		%

_________________

(1)Annualized.

(2)Loans include both mortgage loans held for sale and loans held for investment.

(3)Interest rate spread represents the difference between the yield on average interest-earning assets and the cost of average interest-bearing liabilities.

(4)Net interest-earning assets represent total interest-earning assets less total interest-bearing liabilities.

(5)Net interest margin represents net interest income divided by total interest-earning assets.

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General. Net income increased $5.1 million to $48.0 million for the six months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $42.9 million for the six months ended March 31, 2020. The increase in net income is primarily the result of higher net gain on the sale of loans and releases from the allowance for credit losses, partially offset by a decrease in net interest income and an increased income tax provision. Other changes include a decrease in other non-interest income and an increase in general and administrative expenses when comparing the fiscal year-to-date periods.

Interest and Dividend Income. Interest and dividend income decreased $39.7 million, or 17%, to $199.9 million during the six months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $239.6 million during the same six months in the prior year. The decrease in interest and dividend income resulted from decreases in interest income from all classes of interest-earning assets, mainly due to decreases in market interest rates.

Interest income on loans decreased $34.1 million, or 15%, to $196.3 million for the six months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $230.4 million for the six months ended March 31, 2020. This decrease was attributed mainly to a 43 basis point decrease in the average yield on loans to 3.02% for the six months ended March 31, 2021 from 3.45% for the same six months in the prior fiscal year, as well as a $374.0 million decrease in the average balance of loans to $12.99 billion for the current six months compared to $13.37 billion during the same six months in the prior fiscal year as repayments and loan sales exceeded new loan production. Overall, market interest rate decreases during the past year drove an increase in the number of loan refinances, which reduced our loan yields, as well as yields on home equity lending products that feature interest rates that reset based on the prime rate, which decreased 150 basis points in March 2020 and hasn't changed since.

Interest income on mortgage-backed securities decreased $3.8 million, or 66%, to $2.0 million during the current six months compared to $5.8 million during the six months ended March 31, 2020. This decrease was attributed to a 123 basis point decrease in the average yield on mortgage-backed securities as well as a $105.8 million decrease in the average balance of mortgage-backed securities to $441.7 million for the current six months compared to $547.5 million during the prior period.

Interest income on other interest earning cash equivalents decreased $1.4 million, or 82%%, to $0.3 million during the current six months compared to $1.7 million for the six months ended March 31, 2020. The decrease was attributed to a 131 basis point decrease in the average yield partially offset by a $242.6 million increase in the average balance of other interest earning cash equivalents to $485.4 million from $242.8 million for the same six months in the prior fiscal year.

Interest income on FHLB stock decreased $0.3 million, or 18%, to $1.4 million during the current six months compared to $1.7 million for the six months ended March 31, 2020. This decrease was attributed to a 134 basis point decrease in the average yield on FHLB stock partially offset by a $44.5 million increase in the average balance of FHLB stock to $147.9 million compared to $103.4 million for the same six months in the prior fiscal year.

Interest Expense. Interest expense decreased $27.7 million, or 25%, to $82.7 million during the current six months compared to $110.4 million during the six months ended March 31, 2020. This decrease resulted from decreases in interest expense on both deposits and borrowed funds.

Interest expense on CDs decreased $19.4 million, or 28%, to $50.0 million during the six months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $69.4 million during the six months ended March 31, 2020. The decrease was attributed primarily to a 56 basis point decrease in the average rate we paid on CDs to 1.55% during the current six months from 2.11% during the same six months last year. In addition, there was a $144.9 million, or 2%, decrease in the average balance of CDs to $6.44 billion from $6.59 billion during the same six months of the prior year. Interest expense on savings and checking accounts decreased $3.9 million and $0.3 million, respectively, to $1.7 million and $0.6 million during the six months ended March 31, 2021, compared to $5.6 million and $0.9 million for the same six-month period the prior fiscal year, respectively. Rates were adjusted downward on deposits in response to changes in market interest rates as well as to changes in the rates paid by our competitors.

Interest expense on borrowed funds, all from the FHLB of Cincinnati, as impacted by related interest rate swap contracts, decreased $4.1 million, or 12%, to $30.5 million during the six months ended March 31, 2021 from $34.6 million during the six months ended March 31, 2020. The decrease was attributed to a two basis point decrease in the average rate paid for these funds to 1.79% during the six months ended March 31, 2021 from 1.81% for the six months ended March 31, 2020, but more importantly, there was a $405.0 million, or 11%, decrease in the average balance of borrowed funds to $3.41 billion during the current six months from $3.82 billion during the same six months of the prior fiscal year. Funding costs were lowered through a reduction in the average balance of borrowed funds, including the early termination of above-market priced FHLB advances and their related swap contracts during the quarter ended September 30, 2020. Also, cash provided by loan sales and loan principal repayments were used to pay down $225 million of scheduled maturing advances during the current fiscal year. Refer to the Extending the Duration of Funding Sources section of the Overview and Comparison of Financial Condition for further discussion.

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Net Interest Income. Net interest income decreased $12.0 million, or 9%, to $117.2 million during the six months ended March 31, 2021 from $129.2 million during the six months ended March 31, 2020. Average interest-earning assets decreased during the current six months by $192.8 million, or 1%, when compared to the six months ended March 31, 2020. The decrease in average assets was attributed primarily to a $374.0 million decrease in the average balance of our loans as well as a $105.8 million decrease in the average balance of mortgage-backed security investments, partially offset by the growth of our interest earning cash equivalents and to a lesser extent FHLB stock. The yield on average interest earning assets decreased 52 basis points to 2.84% for the six months ended March 31, 2021 from 3.36% for the six months ended March 31, 2020. Average interest-bearing liabilities decreased $185.4 million to $12.59 billion for the six months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $12.78 billion for the six months ended March 31, 2020. Average interest-bearing liabilities experienced a 42 basis point decrease in cost, as our interest rate spread decreased 10 basis points to 1.53% compared to 1.63% during the same six months last year reflecting the challenging interest rate environment. Our net interest margin was 1.67% for the current six months and 1.81% for the same six months in the prior fiscal year.

Provision (Credit) for Credit Losses. We recorded a credit for losses on loans and off-balance sheet exposures of $6.0 million during the six months ended March 31, 2021 and a $3.0 million provision for loan losses during the six months ended March 31, 2020. In the current six months, we recorded net recoveries of $2.6 million, as compared to net recoveries of $2.5 million for the six months ended March 31, 2020. Releases from the allowance for credit losses during the current year reflected improvements in the economic metrics used to forecast losses for the reasonable and supportable period and decreases in pandemic forbearance balances, as well as adjusting for the level of net loan recoveries recorded during the period. On October 1, 2020, the Company adopted the CECL methodology and recognized a $46.2 million increase to the allowance for credit losses and a related $35.8 million reduction to retained earnings, net of tax. Gross loan charge-offs were $2.2 million for the six months ended March 31, 2020 and $2.9 million for the six months ended March 31, 2020, while loan recoveries were $4.8 million in the current six months and $5.4 million in the prior year period. The allowance for credit losses was $89.7 million at March 31, 2021, compared to $92.3 million at December 31, 2020, $46.9 million at September 30, 2020, and $44.4 million at March 31, 2020. The allowance for credits losses at both March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 included a $22.0 million liability for unfunded commitments, primarily undrawn equity lines of credit commitments. Our analysis of the allowance for credit losses under CECL addresses the preliminary economic impact from the COVID-19 outbreak that has led to increased unemployment and deterioration in the overall macro-economic environment. We continue to monitor the effect unemployment will have on our borrowers and the broader market, including the longer term impact to the relative values of residential properties. As delinquencies in the portfolio have been resolved through pay-off, short sale or foreclosure, or management determines the collateral is not sufficient to satisfy the loan balance, uncollected balances have been charged against the allowance for credit losses previously provided. Refer to the Critical Accounting Policies section of the Overview and Note 4. LOANS AND ALLOWANCES FOR CREDIT LOSSES of the NOTES TO UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS for further discussion.

Non-Interest Income. Non-interest income increased $16.3 million, or 78%, to $37.2 million during the six months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $20.9 million during the six months ended March 31, 2020. The increase in non-interest income was primarily due to a $19.3 million increase in the net gain on sale of loans during the most recent six months, partially offset by a decrease in other income. This increase in loan sale gains was mainly due to an increase in activity and the percentage level of gains, as there were loan sales of $517.5 million, including commitments to sell, during the six months ended March 31, 2021, compared to loan sales of $323.2 million during the six months ended March 31, 2020. A $4.3 million net gain on the sale of commercial property recognized during the six months ended March 31, 2020, caused the decrease in other income during the current period. Additionally, the cash surrender value and death benefits from bank owned life insurance increased $1.4 million, to $5.4 million during the six months ended March 31, 2021, from $4.0 million during the six months ended March 31, 2020.

Non-Interest Expense. Non-interest expense increased $3.6 million, or 4%, to $100.5 million during the six months ended March 31, 2021 compared to $96.9 million during the six months ended March 31, 2020. This increase resulted primarily from a $2.6 million increase in marketing expense and a $1.9 million increase in salary and employee benefits, partially offset by a $0.7 million decrease in federal insurance premiums. The majority of the increase in salaries and benefits was the result of a one-time $1,500 after-tax bonus paid to each associate during the first quarter of the current fiscal year, in recognition of special efforts made during the pandemic crisis. The increase in marketing expense during the current fiscal year-to-date period was more timing related, as some marketing efforts were delayed during the previous fiscal year, in response to COVID-19.

Income Tax Expense. The provision for income taxes increased $4.5 million to $11.8 million during the six months ended March 31, 2021 from $7.3 million for the six months ended March 31, 2020, reflecting the higher level of pre-tax income during the more recent period, but also the impact of a CARES Act provision which permitted a carry back of net operating losses to years taxed at a higher rate and resulted in a tax benefit of $2.8 million during the six months ended March 31, 2020. The provision for the current six months included $10.4 million of federal income tax provision and $1.4 million of state

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income tax provision. The provision for the six months ended March 31, 2020 included $6.5 million of federal income tax provision and $0.9 million of state income tax provision. Our effective federal tax rate was 17.8% during the six months ended March 31, 2021 and 13.1% during the six months ended March 31, 2020.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity is the ability to meet current and future financial obligations of a short-term nature. Our primary sources of funds consist of deposit inflows, loan repayments, advances from the FHLB of Cincinnati, borrowings from the FRB-Cleveland Discount Window, overnight Fed Funds through various arrangements with other institutions, proceeds from brokered CDs transactions, principal repayments and maturities of securities, and sales of loans.

In addition to the primary sources of funds described above, we have the ability to obtain funds through the use of collateralized borrowings in the wholesale markets, and from sales of securities. Also, debt issuance by the Company and access to the equity capital markets via a supplemental minority stock offering or a full conversion (second-step) transaction remain as other potential sources of liquidity, although these channels generally require up to nine months of lead time.

While maturities and scheduled amortization of loans and securities are predictable sources of funds, deposit flows and mortgage prepayments are greatly influenced by interest rates, economic conditions and competition. The Association’s Asset/Liability Management Committee is responsible for establishing and monitoring our liquidity targets and strategies in order to ensure that sufficient liquidity exists for meeting the borrowing needs and deposit withdrawals of our customers as well as unanticipated contingencies. We generally seek to maintain a minimum liquidity ratio of 5% (which we compute as the sum of cash and cash equivalents plus unencumbered investment securities for which ready markets exist, divided by total assets). For the three months ended March 31, 2021, our liquidity ratio averaged 6.4%. We believe that we had sufficient sources of liquidity to satisfy our short- and long-term liquidity needs as of March 31, 2021.

We regularly adjust our investments in liquid assets based upon our assessment of expected loan demand, expected deposit flows, yields available on interest-earning deposits and securities and the objectives of our asset/liability management program. Excess liquid assets are generally invested in interest-earning deposits and short- and intermediate-term securities.

Our most liquid assets are cash and cash equivalents. The levels of these assets are dependent on our operating, financing, lending and investing activities during any given period. At March 31, 2021, cash and cash equivalents totaled $665.4 million, which represented an increase of 33.6% from September 30, 2020.

Investment securities classified as available-for-sale, which provide additional sources of liquidity, totaled $421.0 million at March 31, 2021.

During the six-month period ended March 31, 2021, loan sales totaled $517.5 million, which includes sales to Fannie Mae, consisting of $490.0 million of long-term, fixed-rate, agency-compliant, non-Home Ready first mortgage loans (including $22.8 million in contracts pending settlement) and $27.5 million of loans that qualified under Fannie Mae's Home Ready initiative (including $1.1 million in contracts pending settlement). Loans originated under the Home Ready initiative are classified as “held for sale” at origination. Loans originated under non-Home Ready, Fannie Mae compliant procedures are classified as “held for investment” until they are specifically identified for sale. At March 31, 2021, $63.4 million of long-term, fixed-rate residential first mortgage loans were classified as “held for sale,” of which $24.5 million were loan sale commitments outstanding at March 31, 2021, $30.3 million were non-Home Ready, Fannie Mae compliant and $8.7 million were qualified under Fannie Mae's Home Ready initiative and not yet committed for sale.

Our cash flows are derived from operating activities, investing activities and financing activities as reported in our CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (unaudited) included in the UNAUDITED INTERIM CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.

At March 31, 2021, we had $776.7 million in outstanding commitments to originate loans. In addition to commitments to originate loans, we had $2.90 billion in unfunded home equity lines of credit to borrowers. CDs due within one year of March 31, 2021 totaled $3.61 billion, or 39.1% of total deposits. If these deposits do not remain with us, we will be required to seek other sources of funds, including loan sales, sales of investment securities, other deposit products, including new CDs, brokered CDs, FHLB advances, borrowings from the FRB-Cleveland Discount Window or other collateralized borrowings. Depending on market conditions, we may be required to pay higher rates on such deposits or other borrowings than we currently pay on the CDs due on or before March 31, 2022. We believe, however, based on past experience, that a significant portion of such deposits will remain with us. Generally, we have the ability to attract and retain deposits by adjusting the interest rates offered.

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Our primary investing activities are originating residential mortgage loans, home equity loans and lines of credit and purchasing investments. During the six months ended March 31, 2021, we originated $2.06 billion of residential mortgage loans, and $823.7 million of commitments for home equity loans and lines of credit, while during the six months ended March 31, 2020, we originated $1.33 billion of residential mortgage loans and $733.2 million of commitments for home equity loans and lines of credit. We purchased $150.3 million of securities during the six months ended March 31, 2021, and $87.0 million during the six months ended March 31, 2020.

Financing activities consist primarily of changes in deposit accounts, changes in the balances of principal and interest owed on loans serviced for others, FHLB advances, including any collateral requirements related to interest rate swap agreements and borrowings from the FRB-Cleveland Discount Window. We experienced a net increase in total deposits of $12.9 million during the six months ended March 31, 2021, which reflected the active management of the offered rates on maturing CDs, compared to a net increase of $321.4 million during the six months ended March 31, 2020. Deposit flows are affected by the overall level of interest rates, the interest rates and products offered by us and our local competitors, and by other factors. During the six months ended March 31, 2021, there was an $18.5 million increase in the balance of brokered CDs (exclusive of acquisition costs and subsequent amortization), which had a balance of $572.4 million at March 31, 2021. At March 31, 2020 the balance of brokered CDs was $474.4 million. Principal and interest owed on loans serviced for others experienced a net increase of $0.2 million to $46.1 million during the six months ended March 31, 2021 compared to a net decrease of $4.2 million to $28.7 million during the six months ended March 31, 2020. During the six months ended March 31, 2021 we decreased our advances from the FHLB of Cincinnati by $228.0 million utilizing proceeds from loan sales. During the six months ended March 31, 2020, our advances from the FHLB of Cincinnati increased by $180.0 million.

In March 2021, we received a second consecutive “Needs to Improve” rating on our Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) examination covering the period ending December 31, 2019. The FHFA practice is to place member institutions in this situation on restriction. We have not received notice of this restriction as of May 6, 2021. When this restriction is established, we will not have access to FHLB long-term advances (maturities greater than one year) until our rating improves. Existing advances and future advances with less than a one year term, including 90 day advances used to facilitate longer term interest rate swap agreements, will not be affected. We expect no impact to our ability to access funding.

Liquidity management is both a daily and long-term function of business management. If we require funds beyond our ability to generate them internally, borrowing agreements exist with the FHLB of Cincinnati and the FRB-Cleveland Discount Window, each of which provides an additional source of funds. Also, in evaluating funding alternatives, we may participate in the brokered CD market. At March 31, 2021 we had $3.29 billion of FHLB of Cincinnati advances and no outstanding borrowings from the FRB-Cleveland Discount Window. Additionally, at March 31, 2021, we had $572.4 million of brokered CDs. During the six months ended March 31, 2021, we had average outstanding advances from the FHLB of Cincinnati of $3.41 billion as compared to average outstanding advances of $3.82 billion during the six months ended March 31, 2020. Refer to the Extending the Duration of Funding Sources section of the Overview and the General section of Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk for further discussion. At March 31, 2021, we had the ability to borrow a maximum of $7.44 billion from the FHLB of Cincinnati and $306.2 million from the FRB-Cleveland Discount Window. From the perspective of collateral value securing FHLB of Cincinnati advances, our capacity limit for collateral based additional borrowings beyond the outstanding balance at March 31, 2021 was $4.15 billion, subject to satisfaction of the FHLB of Cincinnati common stock ownership requirement. To satisfy the common stock ownership requirement for the maximum limit of borrowing, we would have to increase our ownership of FHLB of Cincinnati common stock by an additional $180.4 million.

The Association and the Company are subject to various regulatory capital requirements, including a risk-based capital measure. The Basel III capital framework for U.S. banking organizations ("Basel III Rules") includes both a revised definition of capital and guidelines for calculating risk-weighted assets by assigning balance sheet assets and off-balance sheet items to broad risk categories. In April 2020, the Association adopted the Simplifications to the Capital Rule ("Rule") which simplified certain aspects of the capital rule under Basil III. The impact of the Rule was not material to the Association’s regulatory ratios.

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In February 2019, a final rule adopted by the federal banking agencies provided banking organizations with the option to phase in, over a three-year period, the adverse day-one regulatory capital effects of the adoption of the CECL accounting standard. In September 2020, as part of its response to the impact of COVID-19, U.S. federal banking regulatory agencies issued a final rule which provides banking organizations that implement CECL during the 2020 calendar year the option to delay for two years an estimate of CECL’s effect on regulatory capital, relative to the incurred loss methodology’s effect on regulatory capital, followed by a three-year transition period, which the Association and Company have adopted. During the two-year delay, the Association and Company will add back to common equity tier 1 capital (“CET1”) 100% of the initial adoption impact of CECL plus 25% of the cumulative quarterly changes in the allowance for credit losses. After two years the quarterly transitional amounts along with the initial adoption impact of CECL will be phased out of CET1 capital over the three-year period.

The Association is subject to the "capital conservation buffer" requirement level of 2.5%. The requirement limits capital distributions and certain discretionary bonus payments to management if the institution does not hold a "capital conservation buffer" in addition to the minimum capital requirements. At March 31, 2021, the Association exceeded the regulatory requirement for the "capital conservation buffer".

As of March 31, 2021, the Association exceeded all regulatory requirements to be considered “Well Capitalized” as presented in the table below (dollar amounts in thousands).


	Actual				Well Capitalized Levels
	Amount		Ratio		Amount		Ratio
Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets	$	1,590,134	20.33	%	$	782,131	10.00	%
Tier 1 (Leverage) Capital to Net Average Assets	1,545,079		10.65	%	725,499		5.00	%
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets	1,545,079		19.75	%	625,705		8.00	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets	1,544,918		19.75	%	508,385		6.50	%

The capital ratios of the Company as of March 31, 2021 are presented in the table below (dollar amounts in thousands).


	Actual
	Amount		Ratio
Total Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets	$	1,836,425	23.45	%
Tier 1 (Leverage) Capital to Net Average Assets	1,791,370		12.33	%
Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets	1,791,370		22.88	%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital to Risk-Weighted Assets	1,791,370		22.88	%

In addition to the operational liquidity considerations described above, which are primarily those of the Association, the Company, as a separate legal entity, also monitors and manages its own, parent company-only liquidity, which provides the source of funds necessary to support all of the parent company's stand-alone operations, including its capital distribution strategies which encompass its share repurchase and dividend payment programs. The Company's primary source of liquidity is dividends received from the Association. The amount of dividends that the Association may declare and pay to the Company in any calendar year, without the receipt of prior approval from the OCC but with prior notice to the FRB-Cleveland, cannot exceed net income for the current calendar year-to-date period plus retained net income (as defined) for the preceding two calendar years, reduced by prior dividend payments made during those periods. In December 2020, the Company received a $55.0 million cash dividend from the Association. Because of its intercompany nature, this dividend payment had no impact on the Company's capital ratios or its CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CONDITION but reduced the Association's reported capital ratios. At March 31, 2021, the Company had, in the form of cash and a demand loan from the Association, $218.1 million of funds readily available to support its stand-alone operations.

The Company’s eighth stock repurchase program, which authorized the repurchase of up to 10,000,000 shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock was approved by the Board of Directors on October 27, 2016 and repurchases began on January 6, 2017. There were 4,108,921 shares repurchased under that program between its start date and March 31, 2021. During the six months ended March 31, 2021, the Company did not repurchase any shares of its common stock. The share repurchase plan had been suspended as part of the response to COVID-19, but was reinstated in February 2021. However, the Company continues to place more emphasis on dividends in its evaluation of capital deployment.

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common stock the MHC owns up to a total of $1.12 per share, to be declared on the Company’s common stock during the 12 months subsequent to the members’ approval (i.e., through July 14, 2021). The members approved the waiver by casting 61% of the eligible votes in favor of the waiver. Of the votes cast, 97% were in favor of the proposal. Third Federal Savings, MHC waived its right to receive a $0.28 per share dividend payment on September 23, 2020, December 15, 2020 and March 23, 2021. Third Federal Savings, MHC is the 81% majority shareholder of the Company.

The payment of dividends, support of asset growth and strategic stock repurchases are planned to continue in the future as the focus for future capital deployment activities.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

General. The majority of our assets and liabilities are monetary in nature. Consequently, our most significant form of market risk has historically been interest rate risk. In general, our assets, consisting primarily of mortgage loans, have longer maturities than our liabilities, consisting primarily of deposits and advances from the FHLB of Cincinnati. As a result, a fundamental component of our business strategy is to manage interest rate risk and limit the exposure of our net interest income to changes in market interest rates. Accordingly, our Board of Directors has established risk parameter limits deemed appropriate given our business strategy, operating environment, capital, liquidity and performance objectives. Additionally, our Board of Directors has authorized the formation of an Asset/Liability Management Committee comprised of key operating personnel, which is responsible for managing this risk in a matter that is consistent with the guidelines and risk limits approved by the Board of Directors. Further, the Board has established the Directors Risk Committee, which, among other responsibilities, conducts regular oversight and review of the guidelines, policies and deliberations of the Asset/Liability Management Committee. We have sought to manage our interest rate risk in order to control the exposure of our earnings and capital to changes in interest rates. As part of our ongoing asset-liability management, we use the following strategies to manage our interest rate risk:

(i)marketing adjustable-rate and shorter-maturity (10-year, fixed-rate mortgage) loan products;

(ii)lengthening the weighted average remaining term of major funding sources, primarily by offering attractive interest rates on deposit products, particularly longer-term certificates of deposit, and through the use of longer-term advances from the FHLB of Cincinnati (or shorter-term advances converted to longer-term durations via the use of interest rate exchange contracts that qualify as cash flow hedges) and longer-term brokered certificates of deposit;

(iii)investing in shorter- to medium-term investments and mortgage-backed securities;

(iv)maintaining the levels of capital required for "well capitalized" designation; and

(v)securitizing and/or selling long-term, fixed-rate residential real estate mortgage loans.

During the six months ended March 31, 2021, $517.5 million of agency-compliant, long-term (15 to 30 years), fixed-rate mortgage loans were sold, or committed to be sold, to Fannie Mae on a servicing retained basis. At March 31, 2021, $63.4 million of agency-compliant, long-term, fixed-rate residential first mortgage loans were classified as “held for sale.” Of the agency-compliant loan sales during the six months ended March 31, 2021, $27.5 million were sold under Fannie Mae's Home Ready program, and $490.0 million were sold to Fannie Mae, as described in the next paragraph. At March 31, 2021, the principal balance of loan sales included $26.5 million in contracts pending settlement.

First mortgage loans (primarily fixed-rate, mortgage refinances with terms of 15 years or more, and Home Ready) are originated under Fannie Mae procedures and are eligible for sale to Fannie Mae either as whole loans or within mortgage-backed securities. We expect that certain loan types (i.e. our Smart Rate adjustable-rate loans, home purchase fixed-rate loans and 10-year fixed-rate loans) will continue to be originated under our legacy procedures, which are not eligible for sale to Fannie Mae. For loans that are not originated under Fannie Mae procedures, the Association’s ability to reduce interest rate risk via loan sales is limited to those loans that have established payment histories, strong borrower credit profiles and are supported by adequate collateral values that meet the requirements of the FHLB's Mortgage Purchase Program or of private third-party investors.

The Association actively markets equity lines of credit, an adjustable-rate mortgage loan product and a 10-year fixed-rate mortgage loan product. Each of these products provides us with improved interest rate risk characteristics when compared to longer-term, fixed-rate mortgage loans. Shortening the average maturity of our interest-earning assets by increasing our investments in shorter-term loans and investments, as well as loans and investments with variable rates of interest, helps to better match the maturities and interest rates of our assets and liabilities, thereby reducing the exposure of our net interest income to changes in market interest rates.

The Association evaluates funding source alternatives as it seeks to extend its liability duration. Extended duration funding sources that are currently considered include: retail certificates of deposit (which, subject to a fee, generally provide depositors with an early withdrawal option, but do not require pledged collateral); brokered certificates of deposit (which

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generally do not provide an early withdrawal option and do not require collateral pledges); collateralized borrowings which are not subject to creditor call options (generally advances from the FHLB of Cincinnati); and interest rate exchange contracts ("swaps") which are subject to collateral pledges and which require specific structural features to qualify for hedge accounting treatment (hedge accounting treatment directs that periodic mark-to-market adjustments be recorded in other comprehensive income (loss) in the equity section of the balance sheet rather than being included in operating results of the income statement). The Association's intent is that any swap to which it may be a party will qualify for hedge accounting treatment. The Association attempts to be opportunistic in the timing of its funding duration deliberations and when evaluating alternative funding sources, compares effective interest rates, early withdrawal/call options and collateral requirements.

The Association is a party to interest rate swap agreements. Each of the Association's swap agreements is registered on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and involves the exchange of interest payment amounts based on a notional principal balance. No exchange of principal amounts occur and the notional principal amount does not appear on our balance sheet. The Association uses swaps to extend the duration of its funding sources. In each of the Association's agreements, interest paid is based on a fixed rate of interest throughout the term of each agreement while interest received is based on an interest rate that resets at a specified interval (generally three months) throughout the term of each agreement. On the initiation date of the swap, the agreed upon exchange interest rates reflect market conditions at that point in time. Swaps generally require counterparty collateral pledges that ensure the counterparties' ability to comply with the conditions of the agreement. The notional amount of the Association's swap portfolio at March 31, 2021 was $2.75 billion. The swap portfolio's weighted average fixed pay rate was 1.80% and the weighted average remaining term was 2.7 years. Concurrent with the execution of each swap, the Association entered into a short-term borrowing from the FHLB of Cincinnati in an amount equal to the notional amount of the swap and with interest rate resets aligned with the reset interval of the swap. Each individual swap agreement has been designated as a cash flow hedge of interest rate risk associated with the Company's variable rate borrowings from the FHLB of Cincinnati.

Economic Value of Equity. Using customized modeling software, the Association prepares periodic estimates of the amounts by which the net present value of its cash flows from assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet items (the institution's economic value of equity or EVE) would change in the event of a range of assumed changes in market interest rates. The simulation model uses a discounted cash flow analysis and an option-based pricing approach in measuring the interest rate sensitivity of EVE. The model estimates the economic value of each type of asset, liability and off-balance sheet contract under the assumption that instantaneous changes (measured in basis points) occur at all maturities along the United States Treasury yield curve and other relevant market interest rates. A basis point equals one, one-hundredth of one percent, and 100 basis points equals one percent. An increase in interest rates from 2% to 3% would mean, for example, a 100 basis point increase in the “Change in Interest Rates” column below. The model is tailored specifically to our organization, which, we believe, improves its predictive accuracy. The following table presents the estimated changes in the Association’s EVE at March 31, 2021 that would result from the indicated instantaneous changes in the United States Treasury yield curve and other relevant market interest rates. Computations of prospective effects of hypothetical interest rate changes are based on numerous assumptions, including relative levels of market interest rates, loan prepayments and deposit decay, and should not be relied upon as indicative of actual results.


							EVE as a Percentage of Present Value of Assets (3)
Change in Interest Rates (basis points) (1)	Estimated EVE (2)		Estimated Increase (Decrease) in EVE				EVE Ratio (4)		Increase (Decrease) (basis points)
			Amount		Percent
	(Dollars in thousands)
+300	$	1,273,327	$	(482,515)	(27.48)	%	9.39	%	(256)
+200	1,511,981		(243,861)		(13.89)	%	10.81	%	(114)
+100	1,685,076		(70,766)		(4.03)	%	11.72	%	(23)
0	1,755,842		—		—	%	11.95	%	—
-100	1,673,540		(82,302)		(4.69)	%	11.29	%	(66)

_________________

(1)Assumes an instantaneous uniform change in interest rates at all maturities.

(2)EVE is the discounted present value of expected cash flows from assets, liabilities and off-balance sheet contracts.

(3)Present value of assets represents the discounted present value of incoming cash flows on interest-earning assets.

(4)EVE Ratio represents EVE divided by the present value of assets.

The table above indicates that at March 31, 2021, in the event of an increase of 200 basis points in all interest rates, the Association would experience a 13.89% decrease in EVE. In the event of a 100 basis point decrease in interest rates, the Association would experience a 4.69% decrease in EVE.

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The following table is based on the calculations contained in the previous table, and sets forth the change in the EVE at a +200 basis point rate of shock at March 31, 2021, with comparative information as of September 30, 2020. By regulation, the Association must measure and manage its interest rate risk for interest rate shocks relative to established risk tolerances in EVE.

Risk Measure (+200 Basis Points Rate Shock)


	At March 31, 2021		At September 30, 2020
Pre-Shock EVE Ratio	11.95	%	9.70	%
Post-Shock EVE Ratio	10.81	%	9.63	%
Sensitivity Measure in basis points	(114)		(7)
Percentage Change in EVE	(13.89)	%	(4.63)	%

Certain shortcomings are inherent in the methodologies used in measuring interest rate risk through changes in EVE. Modeling changes in EVE require making certain assumptions that may or may not reflect the manner in which actual yields and costs respond to changes in market interest rates. In this regard, the EVE tables presented above assume:

•no new growth or business volumes;

•that the composition of our interest-sensitive assets and liabilities existing at the beginning of a period remains constant over the period being measured, except for reductions to reflect mortgage loan principal repayments along with modeled prepayments and defaults; and

•that a particular change in interest rates is reflected uniformly across the yield curve regardless of the duration or repricing of specific assets and liabilities.

Accordingly, although the EVE tables provide an indication of our interest rate risk exposure as of the indicated dates, such measurements are not intended to and do not provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in market interest rates on our EVE and will differ from actual results. In addition to our core business activities, which sought to originate Smart Rate (adjustable) loans, home equity lines of credit (adjustable) and 10-year fixed-rate loans funded by borrowings from the FHLB and intermediate term CDs (including brokered CDs), and which are intended to have a favorable impact on our IRR profile, the impact of several other items and events resulted in the 9.26% deterioration in the Percentage Change in EVE measure at March 31, 2021 when compared to the measure at September 30, 2020. Factors contributing to this deterioration included changes in market rates, capital actions by the Association and changes due to business activity. Movement in market interest rates included an increase of three basis points for the two-year term, an increase of 66 basis points for the five-year term and an increase of 106 basis points for the ten-year term. Negatively impacting the Percentage Change in EVE was a $55.0 million cash dividend that the Association paid to the Company. Because of its intercompany nature, this payment had no impact on the Company's capital position, or the Company's overall IRR profile, but reduced the Association's regulatory capital and regulatory capital ratios and negatively impacted the Association's Percentage Change in EVE by approximately 0.21%. While our core business activities, as described at the beginning of this paragraph, are generally intended to have a positive impact on our IRR profile, the actual impact is determined by a number of factors, including the pace of mortgage asset additions to our balance sheet (including consideration of outstanding commitments to originate those assets) in comparison to the pace of the addition of duration extending funding sources. The IRR simulation results presented above were in line with management's expectations and were within the risk limits established by our Board of Directors.

Our simulation model possesses random patterning capabilities and accommodates extensive regression analytics applicable to the prepayment and decay profiles of our borrower and depositor portfolios. The model facilitates the generation of alternative modeling scenarios and provides us with timely decision making data that is integral to our IRR management processes. Modeling our IRR profile and measuring our IRR exposure are processes that are subject to continuous revision, refinement, modification, enhancement, back testing and validation. We continually evaluate, challenge and update the methodology and assumptions used in our IRR model, including behavioral equations that have been derived based on third-party studies of our customer historical performance patterns. Changes to the methodology and/or assumptions used in the model will result in reported IRR profiles and reported IRR exposures that will be different, and perhaps significantly, from the results reported above.

Earnings at Risk. In addition to EVE calculations, we use our simulation model to analyze the sensitivity of our net interest income to changes in interest rates (the institution’s EaR). Net interest income is the difference between the interest income that we earn on our interest-earning assets, such as loans and securities, and the interest that we pay on our interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. In our model, we estimate what our net interest income would be for prospective 12 and 24 month periods using customized (based on our portfolio characteristics) assumptions with respect to loan prepayment rates, default rates and deposit decay rates, and the implied forward yield curve as of the market date for assumptions as to projected interest rates. We then calculate what the estimated net interest income would be for the same

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period under numerous interest rate scenarios. The simulation process is subject to continual enhancement, modification, refinement and adaptation, in order that it might most accurately reflect our current circumstances, factors and expectations. As of March 31, 2021, we estimated that our EaR for the 12 months ending March 31, 2022 would increase by 2.99% in the event that market interest rates used in the simulation were adjusted in equal monthly amounts (termed a "ramped" format) during the 12 month measurement period to an aggregate increase in 200 basis points. The Association uses the "ramped" assumption in preparing the EaR simulation estimates for use in its public disclosures. In addition to conforming to predominate industry practice, the Association also believes that the ramped assumption provides a more probable/plausible scenario for net interest income simulations than instantaneous shocks which provide a theoretical analysis but a much less credible economic scenario. The Association continues to calculate instantaneous scenarios, and as of March 31, 2021, we estimated that our EaR for the 12 months ending March 31, 2022, would increase by 2.91% in the event of an instantaneous 200 basis point increase in market interest rates.

Certain shortcomings are also inherent in the methodologies used in determining interest rate risk through changes in EaR. Modeling changes in EaR require making certain assumptions that may or may not reflect the manner in which actual yields and costs respond to changes in market interest rates. In this regard, the interest rate risk information presented above assumes that a particular change in interest rates is reflected uniformly across the yield curve regardless of the duration or repricing of specific assets and liabilities. Accordingly, although interest rate risk calculations provide an indication of our interest rate risk exposure at a particular point in time, such measurements are not intended to and do not provide a precise forecast of the effect of changes in market interest rates on our net interest income and will differ from actual results. In addition to the preparation of computations as described above, we also formulate simulations based on a variety of non-linear changes in interest rates and a variety of non-constant balance sheet composition scenarios.

Other Considerations. The EVE and EaR analyses are similar in that they both start with the same month end balance sheet amounts, weighted average coupon and maturity. The underlying prepayment, decay and default assumptions are also the same and they both start with the same month end "markets" (Treasury and Libor yield curves, etc.). From that similar starting point, the models follow divergent paths. EVE is a stochastic model using 150 different interest rate paths to compute market value at the account level for each of the categories on the balance sheet whereas EaR uses the implied forward curve to compute interest income/expense at the account level for each of the categories on the balance sheet.

EVE is considered as a point in time calculation with a "liquidation" view of the Association where all the cash flows (including interest, principal and prepayments) are modeled and discounted using discount factors derived from the current market yield curves. It provides a long term view and helps to define changes in equity and duration as a result of changes in interest rates. On the other hand, EaR is based on balance sheet projections going one year and two years forward and assumes new business volume and pricing to calculate net interest income under different interest rate environments. EaR is calculated to determine the sensitivity of net interest income under different interest rate scenarios. With each of these models, specific policy limits have been established that are compared with the actual month end results. These limits have been approved by the Association's Board of Directors and are used as benchmarks to evaluate and moderate interest rate risk. In the event that there is a breach of policy limits that extends beyond two consecutive quarter end measurement periods, management is responsible for taking such action, similar to those described under the preceding heading of General, as may be necessary in order to return the Association's interest rate risk profile to a position that is in compliance with the policy. At March 31, 2021, the IRR profile as disclosed above was within our internal limits.

Item 4. Controls and Procedures

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Under the supervision of and with the participation of the Company’s management, including our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, we have evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by an issuer in the reports that it files or submits under the Act is accumulated

and communicated to the issuer's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Based upon that evaluation, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that, as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.

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Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

No changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the most recent fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Part II — Other Information

Item 1. Legal Proceedings

The Company and its subsidiaries are subject to various legal actions arising in the normal course of business. In the opinion of management as of March 31, 2021, the resolution of these legal actions is not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition or results of operations.

Item 1A. Risk Factors

There have been no material changes in the "Risk Factors" previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on November 24, 2020 (File No. 001-33390).

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

(a)Not applicable

(b)Not applicable

(c)We did not repurchase any stock during the quarter ended March 31, 2021. On October 27, 2016, the Company announced that the Board of Directors approved the Company’s eighth stock repurchase program, which authorized the repurchase of up to 10,000,000 shares of the Company’s outstanding common stock. Purchases under the program will be on an ongoing basis and subject to the availability of stock, general market conditions, the trading price of the stock, alternative uses of capital, and our financial performance. Repurchased shares will be held as treasury stock and be available for general corporate use. The repurchase program commenced in January 2017, and in response to COVID-19, was restricted significantly in March, 2020 and suspended in April, 2020. On February 25, 2021, due to recent results and economic forecasts, the Company lifted its internal suspension. Stock price limitations in the plan has prevented any repurchases since that date. The program has 5,891,079 max number of shares that may be purchased under the plan as of March 31, 2021. The program has no expiration date.

On July 14, 2020, Third Federal Savings, MHC received the approval of its members with respect to the waiver of dividends, and subsequently received the non-objection of the FRB-Cleveland, to waive receipt of dividends on the Company’s common stock the MHC owns up to a total of $1.12 per share, to be declared on the Company’s common stock during the 12 months subsequent to the members’ approval (i.e., through July 14, 2021). The members approved the waiver by casting 63% of the eligible votes, with 97% of the votes cast, or 61% of the total eligible votes, voting in favor of the waiver. Third Federal Savings, MHC is the 81% majority shareholder of the Company.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities

Not applicable

Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable

Item 5. Other Information

Not applicable

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Item 6.

(a) Exhibits


31.1						Certification of Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

31.2						Certification of Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

32						Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

101						The following unaudited financial statements from TFS Financial Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021, filed on May 6, 2021, formatted in Inline XBRL (Extensible Business Reporting Language) includes: (i) Consolidated Statements of Condition, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (vi) Notes to Unaudited Interim Consolidated Financial Statements.


101.INS	Interactive datafile	XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.

101.SCH	Interactive datafile	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document

101.CAL	Interactive datafile	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document

101.DEF	Interactive datafile	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

101.LAB	Interactive datafile	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase

101.PRE	Interactive datafile	Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

104	Interactive datafile	Cover Page Interactive Datafile (embedded within the Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.


		TFS Financial Corporation

Dated:	May 6, 2021	/s/ Marc A. Stefanski
		Marc A. Stefanski
		Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer

Dated:	May 6, 2021	/s/ Paul J. Huml
		Paul J. Huml
		Chief Financial Officer