Turtle Beach Corp - Annual Report: 2022 (Form 10-K)

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

(Mark one)

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2022

or

For the transition period from to

Commission File Number: 001-35465

TURTLE BEACH CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

(888) 496-8001

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. ☐ Yes ☒ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report. ☒

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that required a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to § 240.10D-1(b). ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No

The aggregate market value of the registrant’s voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2022 was $197,795,766.

The number of shares of Common Stock, $0.001 par value, outstanding on February 28, 2023 was 16,582,958.

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

INDEX

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PART I

Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Disclosures

This Annual Report on Form 10-K (this “Report”) includes, and incorporates by reference, certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws, including Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), in reliance upon the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You should not place undue reliance on these statements. Statements that are not historical facts, including statements about our beliefs and expectations, are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements include statements preceded by, followed by, or that include the words “may,” “could,” “will,” “would,” “should,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “intend,” “predict,” “seek,” “contemplate,” “potential,” “continue,” and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements reflect the current expectations of Turtle Beach Corporation concerning future events, and actual results may differ materially from current expectations or historical results. Any such forward-looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, including without limitation those discussed in the sections of this Report entitled “Business,” “Risk Factors,” and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

Forward-looking statements are only predictions and are not guarantees of performance. These statements are based on our management’s beliefs and assumptions, which in turn are based on currently available information. Important assumptions relating to the forward-looking statements include, among others, assumptions regarding demand for our products, the expansion of product offerings geographically or through new marketing applications, the timing and cost of planned capital expenditures, competitive conditions, and general economic conditions. These assumptions could prove inaccurate. Forward-looking statements also involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, which could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. In addition, even if our actual results are consistent with the forward-looking statements contained in this Report, those results may not be indicative of results or developments in subsequent periods. Many of these factors are beyond our ability to control or predict. Such factors include, but are not limited to, the following:

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Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States and the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”), we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements after we file this Report, whether as a result of any new information, future events or otherwise. Investors, potential investors, and other readers are urged to consider the above mentioned factors carefully in evaluating the forward‑looking statements and are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward‑looking statements. Although we believe that the expectations, reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results or performance.

Unless the context indicates otherwise, all references in this Report to “we,” “our,” “us,” “the Company,” and “Turtle Beach” refer to Turtle Beach Corporation and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. This Report also contains trademarks and trade names that are property of their respective owners.

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Item 1 - Business

Turtle Beach Corporation’s mission is to deliver the ultimate experience to gamers by providing high-quality, high-performance gaming accessories, including headsets, keyboards, mice, gamepad controllers, simulation hardware, microphones, and more. For nearly 50 years, Turtle Beach has been a pioneer and key innovator in audio technology, and today it is one of the most recognized brand names in gaming. Headquartered in White Plains, New York, Turtle Beach was incorporated in the state of Nevada in 2010 and the Company’s stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol HEAR.

The Turtle Beach® brand has been the market share leader in console gaming headsets for 13-years running with a vast portfolio of headsets for Xbox, PlayStation, and Nintendo consoles, as well as for personal computers (PCs) and mobile/tablet devices. Turtle Beach Corporation’s PC peripherals brand, ROCCAT®, creates PC gaming keyboards, mice and other gaming accessories focused on the PC gaming market. And in 2021, Turtle Beach expanded the brand beyond gaming headsets and began making game controllers and gaming flight simulation accessories. Turtle Beach also creates high-quality USB and analog microphones for gamers, streamers, professionals, and students that embrace cutting-edge technology and design.

Gaming Accessories Business

Turtle Beach launched its first gaming headset and the first ever console gaming headset – the X51 – in 2005 and has gone on to become the leading brand in gaming headsets, as well as a top five overall gaming accessory business in the world. The Company designs and markets a broad assortment of gaming headsets and audio accessories for Xbox, PlayStation, and Nintendo consoles, as well as for PC and mobile/tablet devices. The Company’s recent acquisitions expanded Turtle Beach Corporation’s reach into the global markets for PC-specific gaming headsets, keyboards, mice, digital/USB and analog/XLR microphones for streamers and content creators, and other gaming accessories, and in 2021, the Company further expanded the Turtle Beach brand with its first game controller and gaming simulation accessories. Turtle Beach products are distributed globally, sold at thousands of storefronts, including major retailers such as Amazon, Argos, Best Buy, GAME, GameStop, EB Games, Media Markt, Saturn, Target, and Walmart.

The Turtle Beach brand offers gamers a broad assortment of gaming accessory products available at multiple price tiers ranging from $20 to $300+, with most models compatible with multiple gaming platforms (i.e. – a headset is compatible with Xbox, PlayStation, Nintendo, PC, mobile, etc.). We believe the price tiers correspond to customer profiles, beginning with entry-level gamers and progressing through casual, enthusiast, core, as well as with professional streamers, content creators, and esports gamers. Each successive price tier incorporates higher level features, comfort, and finish. For example, premium headsets typically includes features like larger 50mm speakers, metal headbands, memory foam, powerful amplified 3D surround sound, active noise-cancellation, and Bluetooth connectivity. Additional features include Mic Monitoring, gaming audio presets like Bass and/or Vocal Boost, Turtle Beach’s exclusive Superhuman Hearing® sound setting which delivers a competitive advantage, a removable or flip-to-mute microphone, Turtle Beach’s proprietary ProSpecs™ glasses-friendly technology, and long-lasting rechargeable batteries.

Gaming consoles like the latest Xbox and PlayStation systems have evolved into full home entertainment hubs, and mobile tablet devices have become mainstream entertainment platforms with gaming on mobile/tablet devices now representing approximately 50% of the global

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gaming market. Turtle Beach continues to evolve its product portfolio to reflect how content is consumed. While each Turtle Beach headset is designed for a primary platform, such as a specific console or PC, nearly all can be used with multiple platforms, and are compatible with mobile/tablet devices through a standard 3.5mm jack or Bluetooth connectivity. Additionally, Turtle Beach products are often displayed in multiple in-store sections by retailers. This includes platform-specific gaming aisles for Xbox, PlayStation, Nintendo, PC, Virtual Reality (VR), and mobile/tablet products, as well as displayed on in-store kiosks that allow shoppers to experience each headset’s fit, feel, and audio quality, increasing the prominence of the Turtle Beach brand in physical retail locations, as well as online.

Industry Overview

Turtle Beach operates in a $193 billion global games and accessories market. The global gaming audience now exceeds global cinema and music markets with over three billion active gamers worldwide. Gaming peripherals, such as headsets, keyboards, mice, microphones, controllers, and simulation controls are estimated to be an $8.4 billion business globally with about 80% of that market in the Americas and Europe where the Company’s business is focused.

Competitive esports is a global phenomenon where professional gamers train and compete to win prize money, partner with major brands, and attract dedicated fans – similar to traditional professional sports. In 2022, there were over 530 million esports viewers in 2022, approximately 50% of whom considered themselves “esports enthusiasts,” and that number is expected to increase to roughly 650 million viewers by 2025 according to an April 2022 report from Newzoo.

The console and PC gaming accessory markets are also driven by major game launches and long-running franchises that encourage players to continually buy equipment and accessories. On Xbox, PlayStation, Nintendo Switch and PC, flagship games like Call of Duty, Destiny, Star Wars: Battlefront, Battlefield, Grand Theft Auto, and battle royale games like Fortnite, Call of Duty Warzone, Apex Legends, and PlayerUnknown’s Battlegrounds, are examples of major franchises that prominently feature online multiplayer modes that encourage communication and drive increased demand for gaming headsets. Many of these established franchises launch new titles annually, leading into the holidays and as a result can cause an additional boost to the normally strong holiday sales for gaming accessories.

Many gamers play online where a gaming headset, which includes a microphone, is required because it allows players to communicate with each other in real-time, provides a more immersive experience, and delivers a competitive advantage.

Console Headset Market

In 2022, Turtle Beach was the leading console gaming headset manufacturer in the U.S. and other major console markets. Turtle Beach has achieved these global market shares by delivering high-quality products that often include first-to-market innovations, robust features, superior sound, unmatched comfort, and top customer support – all key factors that consumers seek when shopping for a gaming headset.

The global market for console gaming headsets, in which Turtle Beach has been the market leader for the past 13 years, is estimated to be approximately $1.4 billion. PlayStation and Xbox consoles continue to be dominant gaming platforms in North America and Europe for games that drive headset usage. Consistent with a historical pattern of major new console launches every 7-8 years, Microsoft and Sony launched their latest consoles, Xbox Series X|S and PlayStation 5, ahead of the 2020 holiday season, and in 2021/2022 demand for the latest Xbox and PlayStation consoles exceeded the available supply for consumers to purchase. In 2023, the demand for gaming consoles is expected to improve as additional supplies are available, which is expected to help the overall console market reach single digit percentage growth.

Nintendo has sold over 122.5 million units of its highly popular Nintendo Switch since the platform's release in early 2017. Nintendo continues adding and expanding its library of games, including an increased number of multiplayer chat-enabled games. Nintendo also sells the Nintendo Switch Lite, a follow-on product that offers gamers the hand-held only version of their popular gaming console.

PC Accessories Market

The market for PC gaming headsets, mice, and keyboards is estimated to be approximately $3.2 billion. PC gaming continues to be a main gaming platform in the U.S. and internationally, similarly driven by popular AAA game launches, by popular PC-specific esports leagues, teams, and players, content creators, and influencers, and with the introduction of cross-platform play – where PC gamers can play online against other gamers playing the same game on an Xbox, PlayStation, or Nintendo Switch. While most games are available on multiple platforms, gaming on PC offers advantages including improved graphics, increased speed and precision of mouse/keyboard controls, and the ability for deeper customization. Gaming mice and keyboards are engineered to provide gamers with high-end performance and a superior gaming experience through features such as fast key and button response times, improved materials and build quality, comfortable ergonomic designs, programmable keys and buttons, and software suites to customize and control devices and settings.

PC gaming mice come in a variety of different ergonomic shapes and sizes, are available in both wired and wireless models, offer different sensor options (optical or laser) and responsiveness, and often feature integrated RGB LED lighting and software to unify the lighting

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with other devices for a visually consistent PC gaming appearance. Similarly, PC gaming keyboards often deliver a competitive advantage by offering options for ultra-responsive mechanical and optical key switches that feel and sound different, as well as offer customizable lighting.

Our PC gaming headsets, keyboards, and mice span price tiers ranging from low-to-high for entry-level to professional gamers with each successive price tier adding features and build quality. We seek to infuse differentiation and innovation into our PC products, including our own design for keyboard and mouse switches, innovative RGB LED lighting, and extensive ergonomic design testing and modeling.

Other Gaming Accessories Market

The market for third-party game controllers is estimated to be approximately $0.5 billion, with the same retail footprint and consumer base that Turtle Beach gaming headsets compete in. Turtle Beach entered the controller market in 2021 with the Recon Controller, a wired controller for Xbox and PC that added Turtle Beach-exclusive audio features like Superhuman Hearing and extra buttons/functionality to a proven ergonomic controller design. In 2022, Turtle Beach expanded its controller portfolio with the launch of the REACT-R™ Controller which offers many of the same features as the Recon Controller, but for a lower price. Additionally, in 2022 Turtle Beach introduced two mobile-focused game controllers – the Recon Cloud Hybrid Controller, and the Atom Controller.

PC and console flight simulation hardware adds another $0.5 billion to Turtle Beach’s total available market with opportunity for new products. In 2021, Turtle Beach launched the VelocityOne™ Flight Universal Control System for Xbox and PC, and in 2022 the Company expanded the VelocityOne™ line with the VelocityOne™ Rudder pedals and VelocityOne™ Stand, which perfectly pair with the VelocityOne™ Flight control system for the complete, most immersive flight simulation experience on the market. Turtle Beach also launched the VelocityOne™ Flightstick, which is a single stick joystick controller for air and space flight combat games. In 2023, Turtle Beach plans to further grow its gaming simulation portfolio with new VelocityOne™ products in flight simulation and other adjacent gaming simulation categories.

Business Strategy

We intend to further build upon Turtle Beach’s brand awareness, innovation, superior audio technology and high-quality products, as well as further promote and expand the brand in certain geographic regions to increase sales and profitability. The Company's strategy focuses on the following:

We continue to invest the resources necessary to maintain and expand our capability to manufacture multiple product lines that incorporate the latest technologies, resulting in more products to serve more price tiers. We will continue to advance the best-selling Turtle Beach gaming audio business forward with new headsets like the Stealth 700 Gen 2 MAX and Stealth Pro and will continue our expansion into the game controllers and gaming simulation accessory markets with products like the Atom Controller and VelocityOne Flightstick.

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To maintain and/or improve our competitive position in our markets we are focused on the following:

Intellectual Property

We operate in an industry where innovation, investment in new ideas, and protection of resulting intellectual property rights are critical to success. With a nearly 50-year history as pioneers in PC and gaming audio, Turtle Beach has a substantial base of IP assets with over 400 patents on current and future product development.

As a third-party gaming accessory company, certain technology used in gaming consoles requires a license to enable products to connect to that platform. While PlayStation does not require any license to produce headsets that can connect to their platforms, wireless connections on the Xbox platforms require the purchase of proprietary chips to integrate into the locked chat audio. The Company believes it currently has the necessary licenses, as well as the ability to obtain the necessary licenses, to produce compatible products.

Supply Chain and Operations

We have a global network of suppliers that manufacture products to meet the quality standards sought by our customers and our cost objectives. We have worked closely with component, manufacturing, and global logistic partners to build a supply chain that we consider dependable, scalable, and efficient to provide high-quality, reliable products employing leading cost management practices. The use of outsourced manufacturing facilities is designed to take advantage of specific expertise and allow for flexibility and scalability to respond to both seasonality and changing demands for our products.

We have experienced and may continue to experience increased freight costs and component availability challenges. Further, market conditions have significantly increased the lead time on many product components, causing us to purchase components earlier than normal to meet forecasted demand, which, in some cases, led to excess inventories of certain components ordered with long lead times ahead of shifting demand. We expect to continue to experience challenges impacting our supply chain and logistics operations. As a result, we continue to take proactive steps to limit the impact of these challenges and are working closely with our manufacturing and freight providers to reduce costs.

We believe we have strong, long-term relationships with our suppliers and that, subject to the discussion in Item 1A,“Risk Factors” and Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources,” we expect to continue to be able to obtain a sufficient supply of quality products on satisfactory terms.

Retail Distribution

Our products are sold in over 40 countries by retailers such as Amazon, Argos, Best Buy, GAME, GameStop, EB Games, Media Markt, Saturn, Target, and Walmart. We often have a broader assortment and more shelf space than competitors at video game and electronics retailers such as Best Buy and GameStop, which we believe reinforces the brand’s authenticity with gaming enthusiasts, and our presence in mass channel retailers such as Walmart and Target enable the brand to reach a wider audience of casual gamers. Our established presence on Amazon and other online retail sites, and positive consumer product ratings on those sites, increases the search visibility of our products and helps to influence both online and in-store sales.

Turtle Beach Europe Limited (“TB Europe”), located in the U.K., serves as a primary sales office for the European market and has strengthened our international operations with support for sales, marketing, customer service and distribution.

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Our websites, TurtleBeach.com and ROCCAT.com are important focal points for our product sales and marketing efforts, serving as destinations for consumers to learn about the brands and products, and as a place to maintain ongoing interactivity. Information contained on our websites is not incorporated by reference herein unless specifically stated therein.

Customers

Our business customer base is comprised primarily of large retailers and distributors, both domestic and international. In 2022, net sales to our major market channels consisted of $148.7 million to North American retail customers, $58.1 million to European customers, $7.3 million to North American distributors and $26.1 million to other customers.

Our five largest individual customers accounted for approximately 67% of our gross sales in 2022, 66% of our gross sales in 2021, and 67% of our gross sales in 2020. During 2022, our four largest customers - Walmart, Target, Amazon, Best Buy - each accounted for between 11% to 23% of our consolidated net sales.

Seasonality

Our business is seasonal with a significant portion of sales and profits typically occurring around the holiday period. Historically, more than 45% of revenues are generated during the period from September through December as new products are introduced and consumers engage in holiday shopping. In addition, launches of major new online multiplayer games, and specific retailer purchasing behavior, can drive significant revenue shifts between months and quarters in a given year. In the past few years, normal seasonal patterns have been significantly changed due to pandemic-driven shifts in consumer demand.

Human Capital

As of December 31, 2022, Turtle Beach had 269 employees, of which 245 were full-time salaried employees, with the remaining being contracted employees.

Corporate Culture

We are focused on creating a corporate culture of integrity and respect, with the goal of working together to drive our business to be creative, innovative, and competitive. To achieve these objectives, we have adopted and regularly communicate to our employees the following core values:

We seek to create a highly collaborative culture in which employees feel a sense of pride that their input is sought after and valued. We believe that our culture is a long-term competitive advantage for us, fuels our ability to execute and is a critical underpinning of our employee talent strategy.

We are further committed to developing our employees professionally by leveraging our Intellectual Capital (IC) process. The IC process includes constructive reviews and various talent and leadership development initiatives conducted by the management team and provided throughout an employee’s career.

We conduct anonymous employee culture surveys annually to monitor employee engagement and satisfaction, while identifying matters that need to be addressed and, in 2022, exceeded our employee satisfaction goal across the Company. While we take pride in our strong employee satisfaction, we are always seeking to ensure our employees feel valued and proud to be a part of the Turtle Beach team.

Diversity and Inclusion

We have always believed diversity in the workplace creates an environment where different perspectives lead to improved creativity, productivity, team member engagement, and overall employee happiness. To embrace diversity, we:

Compensation and Benefits

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We provide competitive compensation and benefits programs for our employees. In addition to salaries, these programs (which vary by employee level and by the country where the employees are located) include, among other items, bonuses, equity-based compensation awards, retirement plans, healthcare and insurance benefits, health savings and flexible spending accounts, paid time off, advocacy resources, flexible work schedules and employee assistance programs.

Available Information

We make available free of charge on or through our corporate website, http://corp.turtlebeach.com, our Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements, and all amendments to those filings as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed with, or furnished to, the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference unless specifically stated therein.

In addition, the SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxy statements, and other information about issuers, such as Turtle Beach, who file electronically within the SEC. The address of the website is www.sec.gov.

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Item 1A - Risk Factors

Set forth below is a summary of certain material risks related to an investment in our securities, which should be considered carefully in evaluating such an investment. Our business, financial condition, operating results and cash flows can be affected by a number of factors, whether currently known or unknown, including but not limited to those described below, any one or more of which could, directly or indirectly, cause the Company’s actual results of operations and financial condition to vary materially from past, or from anticipated future, results of operations and financial condition. Any of these factors, in whole or in part, could materially and adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and common stock price. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently consider immaterial may also impair our business operations.

These risk factors may be important to understanding any statement in this Form 10-K or elsewhere. The following information should be read in conjunction with our financial statements and related notes in Part II, Item 8, “Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” and Part II, Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” of this Report.

Because of the following factors, as well as other factors affecting the Company’s financial condition and operating results, past financial performance should not be considered to be a reliable indicator of future performance, and investors should not use historical trends to anticipate results or trends in future periods. Please also see “Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Disclosures” in the section immediately preceding Item 1 of this Report.

Risks Related to Our Operations

Our business has and continues to be adversely impacted by inflationary pressures and potential recession concerns.

We are exposed to inflationary pressures including higher labor-related costs and increases in the costs of the goods and services we purchase as part of the manufacture and distribution of our products and in our operations generally. Since 2021, global supply chain constraints and the continuing effects of the COVID-19 pandemic (including government measures adopted in response thereto) have resulted in heightened inflationary cost pressures, and these pressures continued to impact us throughout 2022. Such inflationary pressures have also been and could continue to be exacerbated by higher oil prices, geopolitical turmoil (including the ongoing conflict in Ukraine), increased logistics costs and economic policy actions and could lead to a recessionary environment. As interest rates rise to address inflation, such increases have led to, and could lead to further increases in our borrowing costs over time.

Inflationary pressures can also have a negative impact on demand for the products we sell. Reduced or delayed discretionary spending by consumers, specifically for consumer electronic goods, in response to inflationary pressures has and could continue to reduce demand for our products, resulting in reduced sales. Our inability to adequately increase prices to offset increased costs associated with such inflationary pressures, or otherwise mitigate their impact, will increase our costs of doing business and could further reduce our margins and profitability. In 2022, reduced margins and profitability stemming from inflationary pressures were considered triggering events and led to interim goodwill and long-lived asset quantitative impairment tests. If such impacts are prolonged or substantial, they could necessitate similar impairment tests in the future or otherwise have a material negative effect on our results of operations.

Our brands face significant competition from other consumer electronics companies and this competition could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

We compete with other producers of gaming accessories, including video game console manufacturers. Our competitors may undertake more extensive marketing campaigns, adopt more aggressive pricing policies, or develop more commercially successful products for the PC and video game platforms than we do. In addition, competitors with large product lines and popular products, in particular the video game console manufacturers, typically have greater leverage with retailers, distributors and other customers, who may be willing to promote products with less consumer appeal in return for access to those competitors’ more popular products.

In the event that a competitor reduces prices, we could be forced to respond by lowering our prices to remain competitive. If we are forced to lower prices, we may be required to “price protect” products that remain unsold in our customers’ inventories at the time of the price reduction. Price protection results in our issuing a credit to our customers in the amount of the price reduction for each unsold unit in that customer’s inventory. Our price protection policies, which are customary in the industry, can have a major impact on our profitability.

The manufacture, supply and shipment of our products are subject to supply chain and logistics risks that could adversely impact our financial results.

We face a number of risks related to supply chain management and logistics with respect to our products. We experienced, and may in the future continue to experience, supply or labor shortages or other disruptions to our supply chain or logistics, which could result in shipping delays and increased costs, each of which could negatively impact our results, operations, product development, and sales. The extent and

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duration of the impact of these challenges are subject to numerous factors, including the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, behavioral changes, wage and price costs, adoption of new or revised regulations, and broader macroeconomic conditions.

We have experienced supply chain disruptions that resulted in significant cost increases for commodities and components used in our products, as well as component shortages that have negatively affected our sales and results of operations. For example, the market shortage of semiconductors that persisted during 2020 and 2021 caused disruptions, from both a supply and pricing standpoint. As discussed above, recent inflationary pressures have also been exacerbated by the lower availability of, and increased prices for, freight and logistics, including air, sea, and ground freight. We may not be able to pass along these price increases to our customers. While we have taken and continue to take measures to implement cost saving initiatives and procure and maintain levels of inventory to prioritize product availability amidst global supply chain and logistical challenges, including by working closely with our suppliers, there can be no assurance that we will be able to continue to do so. Accordingly, any future delays, disruptions, and supply and pricing risks, such as the ongoing supply chain challenges and disruptions that we expect to continue during 2023, could affect our ability to meet customer demand for our products, which could have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

The manufacture, supply and shipment of our products are dependent upon a limited number of third parties, and our success is dependent upon the ability of these parties to manufacture, supply and ship sufficient quantities of our products to us in a timely fashion, as well as the continued viability and financial stability of these third parties. In addition, many of our products use components with long order lead times and constrained supply. Any disruption in supply of these components could materially impact the ability of our third-party manufacturing partners to produce our products.

We rely on third parties to manufacture and manage the logistics of transporting and distributing our products, which subjects us to a number of risks that have been exacerbated as a result of the ongoing supply chain issues that originated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our manufacturers’ and suppliers’ ability to supply products to us is also subject to a number of risks, including the unavailability of raw materials or components, their financial instability, the destruction of their facilities, work stoppages and any future public health crisis. Any shortage of raw materials or components or an inability to control costs associated with manufacturing could increase our costs or impair our ability to ship orders in a timely and cost-efficient manner. As a result, we could experience cancellations of orders, refusal to accept deliveries or a reduction in our prices and margins, any of which could harm our financial performance and results of operations.

We could be negatively affected if we are not able to engage third parties with the necessary capabilities or capacity on reasonable terms, or if those we engage with fail to meet their obligations (whether due to financial difficulties, manufacturing constraints, or other reasons). Moreover, there can be no assurance that such manufacturers and suppliers will not refuse to supply us at prices we deem acceptable, independently market their own competing products in the future, or otherwise discontinue their relationships with us. Our failure to maintain these existing manufacturing and supplier relationships, or to establish new relationships on similar terms in the future, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity.

In particular, certain of our products have a number of components and subassemblies produced by outside suppliers. In addition, for certain of these items, we qualify only a single source of supply with long lead times, which can magnify the risk of shortages or result in excess supply or decrease our ability to negotiate price with our suppliers. Also, if we experience quality problems with suppliers, then our production schedules could be significantly delayed or costs significantly increased. Each of these factors could have an adverse effect on our business, liquidity, results of operations and financial position.

In addition, the ongoing effectiveness of our supply chain is dependent on the timely performance of services by third parties shipping products and materials to and from our warehouse facilities and other locations. If we encounter problems with these shipments, our ability to meet retailer expectations, manage inventory, complete sales and achieve objectives for operating efficiencies could be materially adversely affected and we may be required to incur materially higher costs for shipping, including air freight. We have experienced some of these problems in the past and we cannot assure you that we will not experience similar problems in the future.

The widespread outbreak of an illness, communicable disease, or any other public health crisis could adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

We could be negatively impacted by the widespread outbreak of an illness, communicable disease, or any other public health crisis that results in economic or trade disruptions, including the disruption of global supply chains. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the economy on a global, national, and local level, disrupted global supply chains, and created volatility and disruption of financial markets. Responses from U.S. and international governmental authorities and companies to reduce the spread of COVID-19 affected economic activity through various containment measures including, among others, restrictions on retail outlets, business closures, work stoppages, quarantine and work-from-home guidelines, limiting capacity at public spaces and events, vaccination requirements, or restrictions of global and regional travel. Another outbreak of an illness, a communicable disease, or any other public health crisis, and any resulting impacts, such as an extended

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period of global supply chain and/or economic disruption, labor shortages, or government-mandated actions in response to such public health crisis could materially affect our business, results of operations, access to sources of liquidity, and financial condition.

We depend upon the success and availability of third-party gaming platforms and the release and availability of successful game titles to drive sales of our gaming accessories.

The performance of our gaming accessories business is affected by the continued success of the PC gaming market and third-party gaming platforms, such as Microsoft’s Xbox consoles and Sony’s PlayStation consoles, as well as video games developed by such manufacturers and other third-party publishers. Our business could suffer if any of these parties fail to continue to drive the success of these platforms, develop new or enhanced video game platforms, develop popular game and entertainment titles for current or future generation platforms or produce and timely release sufficient quantities of such consoles. Further, if a platform is withdrawn from the market or fails to sell, we may be forced to liquidate inventories relating to that platform or accept returns resulting in significant losses.

The industries in which we operate are subject to competition in an environment of rapid technological change, and if we do not adapt to, and appropriately allocate our resources among, emerging technologies, our revenues could be negatively affected.

We must make substantial product development and other investments to align our product portfolio and development efforts in response to market changes in the gaming industry. We must anticipate and adapt our products to emerging technologies in order to keep those products competitive. When we choose to incorporate a new technology into our products or to develop a product for a new platform or operating system, we are often required to make a substantial investment prior to the introduction of the product. If we invest in the development of a new technology or a product for a new platform that does not achieve significant commercial success, our revenues from those products likely will be lower than anticipated and may not cover our costs. Further, our competitors may develop or adapt to an emerging technology more quickly or effectively than we do, creating products that are technologically superior to ours, more appealing to consumers, or both.

New and emerging technologies and alternate platforms for gaming, such as mobile devices and virtual reality devices, could make our products, generally designed for existing console and PC gaming platforms less attractive or, in time, obsolete, which could require us to transition our business model, such as by developing products for other gaming platforms.

There are numerous steps required to develop a product from conception to commercial introduction and to ensure timely shipment to retail customers, including designing, sourcing and testing the electronic components, receiving approval of hardware and other third-party licensors, factory availability and manufacturing and designing the graphics and packaging. Any difficulties or delays in the product development process will likely result in delays in the contemplated product introduction schedule. It is common in new product introductions or product updates to encounter technical and other difficulties affecting manufacturing efficiency and, at times, the ability to manufacture the product at all. Although these difficulties can be corrected or improved over time with continued manufacturing experience and engineering efforts, if one or more aspects necessary for the introduction of products are not completed as scheduled, or if technical difficulties take longer than anticipated to overcome, the product introductions will be delayed, or in some cases may be terminated. No assurances can be given that our products will be introduced in a timely fashion, and if new products are delayed, our sales and revenue growth may be limited or impaired.

A significant portion of our revenue is derived from a few large customers, and the loss of any such customer, or a significant reduction in purchases by such customer, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

During 2022, our three largest retail customers accounted for approximately 51% of our gross sales in the aggregate. The loss of, or financial difficulties experienced by, any of these or any of our other significant customers, including as a result of the bankruptcy of a customer, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity. We do not have long-term agreements with these or other significant customers and our agreements with these customers do not require them to purchase any specific amount of products. Many of our customers generally purchase from us on a purchase order basis. As a result, agreements with respect to pricing, returns, cooperative advertising or special promotions, among other things, are subject to periodic negotiation with each customer. No assurance can be given that these or other customers will continue to do business with us or that they will maintain their historical levels of business. In addition, the uncertainty of product orders can make it difficult to forecast our sales and allocate our resources in a manner consistent with actual sales, and our expense levels are based in part on our expectations of future sales. If our expectations regarding future sales are inaccurate, we may be unable to reduce costs in a timely manner to adjust for sales shortfalls or ensure adequate product supply to meet customer demand. In addition, financial difficulties experienced by a significant customer could increase our exposure to uncollectible receivables and the risk that losses from uncollected receivables exceed the reserves we have set aside in anticipation of this risk or limit our ability to continue to do business with such customers.

If our marketing efforts do not effectively raise the recognition and reputation of our brands, we may not be able to successfully implement our gaming accessory growth strategy.

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We believe that our ability to extend the recognition and favorable perception of our Turtle Beach and ROCCAT brands is critical to implement our gaming accessory growth strategy, which includes maintaining our strong position in console gaming headsets and building our brand recognition and product appeal in PC gaming headsets, keyboards, and mice as well as in additional new categories over time. These efforts cause us to incur significant costs in marketing; however, these expenditures may not result in an increase in net sales that is sufficient to cover such costs.

If we fail to build and maintain our brands, or if we incur significant expenses in an unsuccessful attempt to build and maintain our brands, our business and ability to implement our growth strategy may be harmed.

Turtle Beach relies on its partnerships with influencers, athletes and esports teams to expand our market and promote our products, and our marketing and promotion partners may not perform to our expectations.

Relationships with new and established influencers, athletes and esports teams have been, and will continue to be, important to our success. We rely on these partners to assist us in generating increased acceptance and use of our product offerings. We have established a number of these relationships, and our growth depends in part on establishing new relationships and maintaining existing ones. Certain partners may not view their relationships with us as significant to their own businesses, and they may reassess their commitment to us or decide to partner with our competitors in the future. We cannot guarantee that any partner will perform their obligations as agreed or that we would be able to specifically enforce any agreement with them. If any partner does not perform consistent with our agreements, we may be subject to negative or adverse publicity and other reputational risks, including the risk of unfavorable perception on social media or other platforms. Additionally, our failure to maintain and expand these relationships may adversely impact our future revenue.

Our net sales and operating income fluctuate on a seasonal basis and decreases in sales or margins during peak seasons could have a disproportionate effect on our overall financial condition and results of operations.

A significant portion of our annual revenues are generated during the holiday season between September and December. If we do not accurately forecast demand for products, we could incur additional costs or experience manufacturing delays. Any shortfall in net sales during this period would cause our annual results of operations to suffer significantly.

Demand for our products depends on many factors such as consumer preferences and the introduction or adoption of game platforms and related content and can be difficult to forecast. If we misjudge the demand for our products, we could face the following problems in our operations, each of which could harm our operating results:

Our results of operations and financial condition may be adversely affected by global business, political, operational, financial and economic conditions.

We face business, political, operational, financial and economic risks inherent in international business, many of which are beyond our control, including:

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Any of these factors could reduce our net sales, decrease our gross margins, increase our expenses or reduce our profitability. Should we establish our own operations in international territories where we currently rely on distributors, we will become subject to greater risks associated with operating outside of the United States.

The electronics industry in general has historically been characterized by a high degree of volatility and is subject to substantial and unpredictable variations resulting from changing business cycles. Our operating results will be subject to fluctuations based on general economic conditions, and in particular conditions that impact discretionary consumer spending. Downturns in the worldwide economy could adversely affect our business. We have and could continue to experience a reduction in demand for our products or a lengthening of consumer replacement schedules for our products. Sustained reduced demand for these products could result in further decreases in our average selling prices and product sales. A deterioration of current conditions in worldwide credit markets could limit our ability to obtain financing. A lack of available credit in financial markets may adversely affect the ability of our commercial customers to finance purchases and operations and could result in a decrease in orders or spending for our products as well as create supplier disruptions. We are unable to predict the likely duration and severity of any adverse economic conditions and disruptions in financial markets and the effects they will have on our business and its financial condition. Difficult economic conditions may also result in a higher rate of losses on our accounts receivable due to defaults or bankruptcies. As a result, a downturn in the worldwide economy could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations or financial condition.

If we fail to maintain an effective system of disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting, our ability to produce timely and accurate financial statements or comply with applicable laws and regulations could be adversely impacted.

A material weakness is a deficiency or combination of deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our consolidated financial statements would not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. If we experience a material weakness or otherwise fail to maintain an effective system of internal controls in the future, we may not be able to accurately or timely report our financial condition or results of operations. Any failure to maintain effective disclosure controls and internal control over financial reporting could have an adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

In connection with preparing the financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2022, we identified a material weakness in our internal control related to the proper design and implementation of certain controls over our income tax provision and management’s review of the income tax provision. The material weakness in internal controls over the tax provision did not result in any material misstatements in these financial statements or omissions in our previously reported financial statements.

Although we intend to take remedial actions in response to this control deficiency, there is no assurance that we will be able to prevent a material error or future control deficiencies (including material weaknesses) from occurring. Our inability to assert that our internal control over financial reporting is effective could result in a loss of investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which could cause the price of our common stock to decline, and we may be subject to investigation, litigation, increases in insurance premiums or regulatory fines and sanctions.
 

Our business could be negatively affected as a result of actions of activist stockholders.

While we strive to maintain constructive communications with our stockholders, activist stockholders have and may, from time to time, engage in proxy solicitations or advance shareholder proposals, or otherwise attempt to effect changes and assert influence on our Board and management. Perceived uncertainties as to the future direction or governance of the Company may cause concern to our current or potential regulators, vendors or strategic partners, or make it more difficult to execute on our strategy or to attract and retain qualified personnel, which may have a material impact on our business and operating results.

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Risks Related to our Intellectual Property and Other Legal Matters

Our competitive position will be adversely damaged if our products are found to infringe on the intellectual property rights of others.

Other companies and our competitors may currently own or obtain patents or other proprietary rights that might prevent, limit or interfere with our ability to make, use or sell our products. Although we do not believe that our products infringe the proprietary rights of any third parties, we have received notices of alleged infringement in the past and there can be no assurance that infringement or other legal claims will not be asserted against us in the future or that we will not be found to infringe the intellectual property rights of others. The electronics industry is characterized by vigorous protection and pursuit of intellectual property rights and positions, resulting in significant and often protracted and expensive litigation. In the event of a successful claim of infringement against us and our failure or inability to license the infringed technology, our business and operating results could be adversely affected. Any litigation or claims, whether or not valid, could result in substantial costs and diversion of our resources. An adverse result from intellectual property litigation could cause us to do one or more of the following:

If we take any of the foregoing actions, we could face substantial costs and shipment delays and our business could be seriously harmed. Although we carry general liability insurance, our insurance may not cover claims of this type or may be inadequate to insure us for all liability that may be imposed.

In addition, it is possible that our customers or end users may seek indemnity from us in the event that our products are found or alleged to infringe the intellectual property rights of others. Any such claim for indemnity could result in substantial costs to us that could adversely impact our operating results.

If we are unable to obtain and maintain intellectual property rights and/or enforce those rights against third parties who are violating those rights, our business could suffer.

We rely on various intellectual property rights, including patents, trademarks, trade secrets and trade dress to protect our Turtle Beach brand name, reputation, product appearance, and technology. Although we have entered into confidentiality and invention assignment agreements with our employees and contractors, and nondisclosure agreements with selected parties with whom we conduct business to limit access to and disclosure of our proprietary information, these contractual arrangements and the other steps we have taken to protect our intellectual property may not prevent misappropriation of that intellectual property or deter independent third-party development of similar technologies. Monitoring the unauthorized use of proprietary technology and trademarks is costly, and any dispute or other litigation, regardless of outcome, may be costly and time consuming and may divert the attention of management and key personnel from our business operations. The steps taken by us may not prevent unauthorized use of proprietary technology or trademarks. Many features of our products are not protected by patents; we may not have the legal right to prevent others from reverse engineering or otherwise copying and using these features in competitive products. If we fail to protect or to enforce our intellectual property rights successfully, our competitive position could suffer, which could adversely affect our financial results.

We are susceptible to counterfeiting of our products, which may harm our reputation for producing high-quality products and force us to incur expenses in enforcing our intellectual property rights. Such claims and lawsuits can be expensive to resolve, require substantial management time and resources, and may not provide a satisfactory or timely result, any of which may harm our results of operations. As some of our products are sold internationally, we are also dependent on the laws of many countries to protect and enforce our intellectual property rights. These laws may not protect intellectual property rights to the same extent or in the same manner as the laws of the United States.

Further, we are party to licenses that grant us rights to intellectual property, including trademarks, which are necessary or useful to our business. One or more of our licensors may allege that we have breached our license agreement with them, and seek to terminate our license. If successful, this could result in our loss of the right to use the licensed intellectual property, which could adversely affect our ability to commercialize our technologies or products, as well as harm our competitive business position and our business prospects.

Our success also depends in part on our ability to obtain and enforce intellectual property protection of our technology, particularly our patents. There is no guarantee any patent will be granted on any patent application that we have filed or may file. Claims allowed from existing or pending patents may not be of sufficient scope or strength to protect the economic value of our technologies. Further, any patent that we may obtain will expire at some point, and it is possible that it may be challenged, invalidated or circumvented even prior to expiration.

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We may initiate claims or litigation against third parties in the future for infringement of our proprietary rights or to determine the scope and validity of our proprietary rights or the proprietary rights of our competitors. These claims could result in costly litigation and divert the efforts of our technical and management personnel. As a result, our operating results could be adversely affected and our financial condition could be negatively impacted.

We are dependent upon third-party intellectual property to manufacture some of our products.

The performance of certain technology used in new generation consoles, such as integrated voice and chat audio from the Xbox

platforms are improved by a licensed component to ensure compatibility with our products.

While we currently believe that we have the necessary licenses, or can obtain the necessary licenses, in order to produce compatible products, there is no guarantee that our licenses will be renewed or granted in the first instance in the future. Moreover, if gaming platform manufacturers enter into license agreements with other companies for their “closed systems” or if we are unable to obtain sufficient quantities of headset adapters or chips, we would be placed at a competitive disadvantage.

In order for certain of our headsets to connect to the Xbox platforms’ advanced features and controls, a proprietary computer chip or wireless module is required. As a result, with respect to our products designed for the Xbox platforms, we are currently reliant on Microsoft or their designated supplier to provide us with sufficient quantities of such chips and/or modules. If we are unable to obtain sufficient quantities of these chips and/or modules, sales of such Xbox platform compatible headsets and consequently our revenues would be adversely affected.

We are licensed and approved by Microsoft to develop and sell Xbox platform compatible audio products pursuant to a license agreement under which we have the right to manufacture (including through third-party manufacturers), market and sell audio products for the Xbox platform video game console. Our current Xbox platform headsets are dependent on this license, and headsets for future Xbox consoles may also be dependent on this license. Microsoft has the right to terminate that license under certain circumstances set forth in the agreement. Should that license be terminated, our headset offerings may be limited, which could significantly reduce our revenues. While Sony does not currently require a license for audio products to be compatible with PlayStation® consoles, they could do so in the future.

While the Company believes it currently has the necessary licenses, or can obtain the necessary licenses to produce compatible products, Microsoft, Sony and other third-party gaming platform manufacturers may control or limit our ability to manufacture headsets compatible with their platforms, and could cause unanticipated delays in the release of our products as well as increases to projected development, manufacturing, licensing, marketing or distribution costs, any of which could negatively impact our business.

Risks Related to Liquidity

We depend upon the availability of capital under our revolving credit facility to finance our operations. Any additional financing that we may need may not be available on favorable terms, or at all.

In addition to cash flow generated from operations, we have financed our operations with a credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) from Bank of America. If we are unable to comply with the financial and other covenants contained in the Credit Facility, and are unable to obtain a waiver under the Credit Facility for such default, Bank of America may declare any outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility immediately due and payable. A default on our Credit Facility would have an immediate and material adverse impact on our business, results of operations, and financial condition. We could be required to obtain additional financing from other sources, and we cannot predict whether or on what terms, if any, additional financing might be available. If we were required to seek additional financing and were unable to obtain it, we might need to change our business and capital expenditure plans, which may have a materially adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, any debt under the Credit Facility could make it more difficult to obtain other debt financing in the future. The Credit Facility contains certain financial covenants and other restrictions that limit our ability, among other things, to incur certain additional indebtedness; pay dividends and repurchase stock; make certain investments and other payments; enter into certain mergers or consolidations; undergo certain changes of control of our Company or Board of Directors; engage in sale and leaseback transactions and transactions with affiliates; and encumber and dispose of assets.

If we violate any of these covenants, we will likely be unable to borrow under the Credit Facility. If a default occurs and is not timely cured or waived, Bank of America could seek remedies against us, including termination or suspension of obligations to make loans and issue letters of credit, and acceleration of amounts then outstanding under the applicable Credit Facility. No assurance can be given that we will be able to maintain compliance with these covenants in the future. The Credit Facility is asset based and can only be drawn down in an amount to which eligible collateral exists and can be negatively impacted by extended collection of accounts receivable, unexpectedly high product returns and slow-moving inventory, among other factors. In addition, we have granted the lender a first-priority lien against substantially all of our assets, including trade accounts receivable and inventories. Failure to comply with the operating restrictions or financial covenants could result in the lender terminating or suspending its obligation to make loans and issue letters of credit to us.

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Additionally, a significant downturn in demand for our products or a reduction in gross margins could have a material impact on our result of operations, adversely affecting our ability to obtain financing generally.

General Risk Factors

The market price of our common stock may continue to fluctuate significantly.

We cannot predict the prices at which our common stock may trade. The market price of our common stock has and may continue to fluctuate widely, depending on many factors, some of which may be beyond our control, including but not limited to:

Stock markets in general have experienced volatility that has often been unrelated to the operating performance of a particular company. These broad market fluctuations could adversely affect the trading price of our common stock. These fluctuations may also cause short sellers to periodically enter the market on the belief that we may experience worse results in the future. We cannot predict the actions of market participants and, therefore, can offer no assurances that the market for our common stock will be stable or appreciate over time.

We have adopted a shareholder rights plan, which, together with provisions in our articles of incorporation and Nevada law, could discourage or prevent a potential takeover of our Company that might otherwise result in you receiving a premium over the market price for your common stock.

We adopted a shareholder right plan pursuant to which we will distribute one right for each outstanding share of common stock held by stockholders of record as of April 10, 2023. Because the rights may substantially dilute the stock ownership of a person or group attempting a take-over of us without the approval of our Board of Directors, even if such a change in control would result in our shareholders receiving a premium for their shares, the plan could make it more difficult for a third party to acquire us, or a significant percentage of our outstanding capital stock, without first negotiating with our Board of Directors. Additionally, our articles of incorporation permit our Board of Directors to issue special shares from time to time, with such rights and preferences as they consider appropriate. Our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of special shares with terms and conditions and under circumstances that could have an effect of discouraging a takeover or other transaction.

As a Nevada corporation, we are also subject to certain provisions of the Nevada General Corporation Law that have anti-takeover effects and may inhibit a non-negotiated merger or other business combination. These provisions are intended to encourage any person interested in acquiring us to negotiate with, and to obtain the approval of, our Board of Directors in connection with such a transaction. However, certain of these provisions may discourage a future acquisition of the Company, including an acquisition in which the stockholders might otherwise receive a premium for their shares. As a result, stockholders who might desire to participate in such a transaction may not have the opportunity to do so.



If we are unable to protect our information systems against service interruption, misappropriation of data, cyber-attacks or other or breaches of security, our operations could be disrupted, our reputation may be damaged, and we may be financially liable for damages.

We rely heavily on information systems, including a full range of retail, financial, sourcing and merchandising systems, to manage our operations. We regularly make investments to upgrade, enhance or replace these systems, as well as leverage new technologies to support our growth strategies. In addition, we have implemented enterprise-wide initiatives that are intended to standardize business processes and optimize

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performance. Any delays or difficulties in transitioning to new systems or integrating them with current systems or the failure to implement our initiatives in an orderly and timely fashion could result in additional investment of time and resources, which could impair our ability to improve existing operations and support future growth, and ultimately have a material adverse effect on our business.

The reliability and capacity of our information systems are critical. Despite preventative efforts, our systems are vulnerable to damage or interruption from, among other things, natural disasters, technical malfunctions, inadequate systems capacity, human error, power outages, computer viruses and security breaches. Any disruptions affecting our information systems could have a material adverse impact on our business. In addition, any failure to maintain adequate system security controls to protect our computer assets and sensitive data, including associate and client data, from unauthorized access, disclosure or use could damage our reputation with our associates and our clients, exposing us to financial liability, legal proceedings (such as class action lawsuits), and/or regulatory action. While we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirely effective. As a result, we may not be able to immediately detect any security breaches, which may increase the losses that we would suffer. Further, remote working arrangements increase the risk of cybersecurity attacks and data breaches, particularly through phishing attempts, as our employees and third parties with whom we interact leverage our IT infrastructure in previously unanticipated ways. Finally, our ability to continue to operate our business without significant interruption in the event of a disaster or other disruption depends, in part, on the ability of our information systems to operate in accordance with our disaster recovery and business continuity plans.

Our reliance on information systems and other technology also gives rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. The occurrence of any of these events could compromise our networks, and the information stored there could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. Any such access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability or regulatory penalties under laws protecting the privacy of personal information, disrupt operations, and damage our reputation, which could adversely affect our business. In addition, as security threats continue to evolve, we may need to invest additional resources to protect the security of our systems.

We are subject to laws and regulations relating to data privacy, data protection, and other related matters, which are subject to change, and our failure to comply could negatively affect our business and reputation.

We are subject to a variety of laws and regulations with respect to data privacy, data protection and other related matters, including the California Consumer Privacy Act, as amended by the California Privacy Rights Act, and the European Union General Data Protection Regulation. These laws and the regulations associated therewith have evolved significantly in recent years, and future laws and regulations in other jurisdictions in which our business operates may be enacted. In addition, the application and interpretation of these laws and regulations are often unpredictable and uncertain.

Compliance with existing and emerging data privacy laws, regulations and industry standards could result in increased compliance costs and/or lead to changes in our business practices and policies, and any failure to abide by these laws, regulations and industry standards could adversely affect our reputation, lead to public enforcement actions or private litigation against us, require additional investment in resources or personnel, and reduce the availability of previously useful data, any of which could materially and adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition

We have been party to stockholder litigation, and in the future could be party to additional stockholder litigation, which could harm our business, financial condition and operating results.

We have had, and may continue to have, actions brought against us by stockholders, including in connection with the Merger (as defined below), as further described in Note 13. Commitments and Contingencies, based on past transactions, changes in our stock price or other matters. Any such claims, whether or not resolved in our favor, could divert our management and other resources from the operation of our business and otherwise result in unexpected and substantial expenses that would adversely and materially impact our business, financial condition and operating results.

Loss of our key management and other personnel could impact our business.

Our future success depends largely upon the continued service of our executive officers and other key management and technical personnel and on our ability to continue to attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel. In addition, competition for skilled and non-skilled employees among technology companies is intense, and the loss of skilled or non-skilled employees or an inability to attract, retain and motivate additional skilled and non-skilled employees required for the operation and expansion of our business could hinder our ability to conduct research activities successfully, develop new products, attract customers and meet customer shipments.

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Our business could be adversely affected by significant movements in foreign currency exchange rates.

We are exposed to fluctuations in foreign currency transaction exchange rates, particularly with respect to the Euro and the British Pound. Any significant change in the value of currencies of the countries in which we do business relative to the value of the U.S. dollar could affect our ability to sell products competitively and control our cost structure. Additionally, we are subject to foreign exchange translation risk due to changes in the value of foreign currencies in relation to our reporting currency, the U.S. dollar. The translation risk is primarily concentrated in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the British Pound. As the U.S. dollar fluctuates against other currencies in which we transact business, revenue and income could be impacted.

Any acquisitions we pursue could disrupt our business and harm our financial condition and results of operations.

As part of our business strategy, we review and intend to continue to review acquisition opportunities that we believe would be advantageous or complementary to the development of our business. If we make any acquisitions, we could take any or all of the following actions, any one of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations or share price:

Acquisitions also entail numerous other risks, including, without limitation: difficulties in assimilating acquired operations, products, technologies and personnel; unanticipated costs; risks of entering markets in which we have limited or no prior experience; regulatory approvals; unanticipated costs or liabilities; and potential loss of key employees from either our existing business or the acquired organization. Acquisitions may result in accounting charges for restructuring and other expenses, amortization of purchased technology and intangible assets and stock-based compensation expense, any of which could materially and adversely affect our operating results. We may not be able to realize the anticipated synergies, innovation, operational efficiencies, and benefits of the acquisition or successfully integrate with our existing business the businesses, products, technologies or personnel that we acquire, and our failure to do so could harm our business and operating results.

Our products may be subject to warranty claims, product liability and product recalls.

We may be subject to product liability or warranty claims that could result in significant direct or indirect costs, or we could experience greater returns from retailers than expected, which could harm our net sales. The occurrence of any quality problems due to defects in our products could make us liable for damages and warranty claims in excess of any existing reserves. In addition to the risk of direct costs to correct any defects, warranty claims, product recalls or other problems, any negative publicity related to the perceived quality of our products could also affect our brand image, decrease retailer and distributor demand and our operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected. Changes in production levels or processes could result in increased manufacturing errors, as well as higher component, manufacturing and shipping costs, all of which could reduce our profit margins, result in prices increases and harm our relationships with retailers and consumers.

We could incur unanticipated expenses in connection with warranty or product liability claims relating to a recall of one or more of our products, which could require significant expenditures to defend. Additionally, we may be required to comply with governmental requirements to remedy the defect and/or notify consumers of the problem that could lead to unanticipated expense, and possible product liability litigation against a customer or us.

Changes in laws or regulations or the manner of their interpretation or enforcement could adversely impact our financial performance and restrict our ability to operate our business or execute our strategies.

We are subject to numerous domestic and foreign laws and regulations, including those related to customs, securities, consumer protection, data privacy, general employment and employee health and safety. New laws or regulations, changes in existing laws or regulations or the manner of their interpretation or enforcement, may create uncertainty, increase our cost of doing business and restrict our ability to operate our business or execute our strategies. This could include, among other things, compliance costs and enforcement under the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act related to disclosure and reporting requirements for companies that use “conflict” minerals originating from the Democratic Republic of Congo or adjoining countries. Additionally, the California Consumer Privacy Act and EU General Data Protection Regulation have significantly affected how we are able to market our products. The SEC has also enacted or proposed significant changes to its regulations in recent years that impact our operations associated with being a public company.

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We continually evaluate and monitor developments with respect to new and proposed laws, regulations, standards and rules and cannot predict or estimate the amount of the additional costs we may incur due to these laws, regulations, standards and rules or the timing of such costs. Any such new or changed laws, regulations, standards and rules may be subject to varying interpretations and as a result, their application in practice may evolve over time as new guidance is provided by regulatory authorities and governing bodies. This could result in continuing uncertainty regarding compliance matters and higher costs necessitated by ongoing revisions to disclosure and governance practices. We are committed to maintaining high standards of corporate governance and public disclosure. If our efforts to comply with new or changed laws, regulations and standards differ from the activities intended by regulatory authorities or governing bodies due to ambiguities related to practice, regulatory authorities may initiate legal proceedings against us and we may be harmed.

We are subject to various environmental laws and regulations that could impose substantial costs on us and may adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our operations and some of our products are regulated under various federal, state, local and international environmental laws. In addition, regulatory bodies in many of the jurisdictions in which we operate propose, enact and amend environmental laws and regulations on a regular basis. If we were to violate or become liable under these environmental laws, we could be required to incur additional costs to comply with such regulations and may incur fines and civil or criminal sanctions, third-party property damage or personal injury claims, or could be required to incur substantial investigation or remediation costs. Liability under environmental laws may be joint and several and without regard to comparative fault. The ultimate costs under environmental laws and the timing of these costs are difficult to predict. Although we cannot predict the ultimate impact of any new environmental laws and regulations, such laws may result in additional costs or decreased revenue, and could require that we redesign or change how we manufacture our products, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business. Additionally, to the extent that our competitors choose not to abide by these environmental laws and regulations, we may be at a cost disadvantage, thereby hindering our ability to effectively compete in the marketplace.

Our goals and disclosures related to environmental, social and governance (“ESG”) matters have and will likely continue to result in additional costs and risks to us, which may adversely affect our reputation, employee retention, and willingness of our customers and partners to do business with us.

Investor advocacy groups, institutional investors, investment funds, proxy advisory services, stockholders, and customers are increasingly focused on the ESG goals and practices of companies. We are frequently asked by these groups to set ambitious ESG goals and provide new and more robust disclosure of ESG goals, progress toward ESG goals and other matters of interest to ESG stakeholders. We have set ESG goals and are enhancing related disclosure of goals, progress, and other matters relating to ESG. Our efforts to accomplish and accurately disclose ESG-related goals and objectives present numerous operational, reputational, financial, legal, and other risks, any of which could have a negative impact on our business, reputation, and stock price.

Our ability to set and achieve ESG goals and initiatives is subject to numerous risks including, among others: (1) the availability and cost of limiting, eliminating or tracking our use of carbon-based energy sources and technologies, (2) evolving regulatory requirements affecting ESG standards or disclosures, including those related to greenhouse gas emissions tracking and disclosure, (3) our ability to partner with providers that can meet our sustainability, diversity, and other standards, (4) our ability to recruit, develop, and retain diverse talent, (5) the impact of our organic growth and acquisitions or dispositions of businesses or operations on our ESG goals, and (6) customers’ actual demand for ESG-oriented product offerings, which may be more expensive and less available than other options.

Standards for tracking and reporting on ESG matters are relatively new, have not been harmonized and continue to be promulgated and evolve. Our selection of disclosure frameworks that seek to align with various reporting standards may change from time to time, including in response to new disclosure requirements, and may result in a lack of consistent or meaningful comparative data from period to period. In addition, our processes and controls may not always comply with evolving standards for identifying, measuring and reporting ESG metrics, our interpretation of reporting standards may differ from those of others and such standards may change over time, any of which could result in significant revisions to our ESG goals or reported progress in achieving such goals.

If our ESG practices do not meet evolving investor or other stakeholder expectations and standards or regulatory requirements, then our reputation, our ability to attract or retain employees and our attractiveness as an investment, business partner or acquiror could be negatively impacted. Similarly, our failure or perceived failure to pursue or fulfill our goals, targets and objectives or to satisfy various

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reporting standards within the timelines we announce, or at all, could also have similar negative impacts and expose us to government enforcement actions and private litigation.

Our variable rate indebtedness will subject us to interest rate risk, which could cause our annual debt service obligations to increase significantly.

Borrowings under our Credit Facility will be at variable rates of interest, which expose us to interest rate risk. If interest rates increase, our debt service obligations on the variable rate indebtedness would increase even though the amount borrowed remained the same, and our cash flows could be adversely affected. An increase in debt service obligations under our variable rate indebtedness could affect our ability to make payments required under the terms of the agreements governing our indebtedness or our other indebtedness outstanding from time to time.

In July 2017, the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) of the United Kingdom, which regulates the London Interbank Offering Rate (“LIBOR”), announced that it intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. On December 4, 2020, however, the ICE Benchmark Administration Liamited (“IBA”), which is the administrator that publishes LIBOR, published its consultation of the market on its intention to cease the publication of all settings of non-U.S. dollar (“USD”) LIBOR and only the one-week and two-month USD LIBOR settings on December 31, 2021, with the publication of the remaining USD LIBOR settings being discontinued after June 30, 2023, subject to any rights of the FCA to compel the IBA to continue publication. On March 5, 2021, the IBA and the FCA made public statements regarding the permanent cessation and non-representativeness of LIBOR and publicly stated that the IBA will permanently cease publication of all settings of non-USD LIBOR and the one-week and two-month setting of USD LIBOR on December 31, 2021, with the publication of the remaining USD LIBOR setting ceasing on June 30, 2023. While the FCA, pursuant to its powers under Article 23D(2) of the Benchmark Regulations, is compelled the IBA to publish one-, three- and six-month British pound (“GBP”) LIBOR on a synthetic basis until December 31, 2022, the FCA stated that such publication is under a "synthetic" methodology that is no longer representative.

The consequences of the phase out of LIBOR cannot be entirely predicted at this time. An alternative reference rate could be higher or more volatile than LIBOR prior to its discontinuance, which could result in an increase in the cost of our indebtedness, impact our ability to refinance some or all of our existing indebtedness or otherwise have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, there can be no assurance given as to whether all other USD LIBOR settings will actually be available until June 30, 2023 or whether USD LIBOR will be replaced by an alternative market benchmark in place of USD LIBOR prior to June 30, 2023.

Item 1B – Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

Item 2 – Properties

The table below describes our principal facilities as of December 31, 2022. Each of these facilities is leased. We believe our existing facilities are adequate to meet our current needs and that we can renew our existing leases or obtain alternative space on terms that would not have a material impact on our financial conditions.

Item 3 - Legal Proceedings

The Company is subject to various legal proceedings and claims that arise in the ordinary course of its business. Although the amount of any liability that could arise with respect to these actions cannot be determined with certainty, in the Company’s opinion, any such liability will not have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial position, consolidated results of operations or liquidity.

Shareholders Class Action: On August 5, 2013, VTBH and the Company (f/k/a Parametric Sound Corporation) announced that they had entered into the Merger Agreement pursuant to which VTBH would acquire an approximately 80% ownership interest and existing shareholders would maintain an approximately 20% ownership interest in the combined company (the “Merger”). Following the announcement, several shareholders filed class action lawsuits in California and Nevada seeking to enjoin the Merger. The plaintiffs in each

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case alleged that members of the Company’s Board of Directors breached their fiduciary duties to the shareholders by agreeing to a merger that allegedly undervalued the Company. VTBH and the Company were named as defendants in these lawsuits under the theory that they had aided and abetted the Company’s Board of Directors in allegedly violating their fiduciary duties. The plaintiffs in both cases sought a preliminary injunction seeking to enjoin closing of the Merger, which, by agreement, was heard by the Nevada court with the California plaintiffs invited to participate. On December 26, 2013, the court in the Nevada case denied the plaintiffs’ motion for a preliminary injunction. Following the closing of the Merger, the Nevada plaintiffs filed a second amended complaint, which made essentially the same allegations and sought monetary damages as well as an order rescinding the Merger. The California plaintiffs dismissed their action without prejudice, and sought to intervene in the Nevada action, which was granted. Subsequent to the intervention, the plaintiffs filed a third amended complaint, which made essentially the same allegations as prior complaints and sought monetary damages. On June 20, 2014, VTBH and the Company moved to dismiss the action, but that motion was denied on August 28, 2014. On September 14, 2017, a unanimous en banc panel of the Nevada Supreme Court granted defendants’ petition for writ of mandamus and ordered the trial court to dismiss the complaint but provided a limited basis upon which plaintiffs could seek to amend their complaint. Plaintiffs amended their complaint on December 1, 2017, to assert the same claims in a derivative capacity on behalf of the Company, as a well as in a direct capacity, against VTBH, Stripes Group, LLC, SG VTB Holdings, LLC, and the former members of the Company’s Board of Directors. All defendants moved to dismiss this amended complaint on January 2, 2018, and those motions were denied on March 13, 2018. Defendants petitioned the Nevada Supreme Court to reverse this ruling on April 18, 2018. On June 15, 2018, the Nevada Supreme Court denied defendants’ writ petition without prejudice. The district court subsequently entered a pretrial schedule and set trial for November 2019. On January 18, 2019, the district court certified a class of shareholders of the Company as of January 15, 2014. On October 11, 2019, the parties notified the district court that they had reached a settlement that would resolve the pending action if ultimately approved by the Court. On January 13, 2020, the district court preliminarily approved the settlement between the plaintiffs and all defendants. A final hearing was held on May 18, 2020, wherein the Court approved the settlement and entered final judgment.

On May 22, 2020, PAMTP LLC, which purports to hold the claims of eight shareholders who opted out of the class settlement described above, brought suit against the Company, the Company’s CEO, Juergen Stark, Stripes Group, LLC, SG VTB Holdings, LLC, Kenneth Fox, and former members of the Company’s Board of Directors in Nevada state court. This opt-out action asserts the same direct claims that were asserted by the class of shareholders described above. The defendants filed two motions to dismiss this complaint, which were heard on August 10, 2020. The Court denied those motions by order of August 20, 2020. The case was tried in August 2021 and all remaining defendants, including the Company, prevailed on all counts with final judgment entered in their favor on September 3, 2021. Plaintiff is appealing that judgment.

Employment Litigation: On April 20, 2017, a former employee filed an action in the Superior Court for the County of San Diego, State of California. The complaint alleges claims including wrongful termination, retaliation and various other provisions of the California Labor Code. The complaint seeks unspecified economic and non-economic losses, as well as allegedly unpaid wages, unreimbursed business expenses statutory penalties, interest, punitive damages and attorneys’ fees. The Company filed a cross-complaint against the former employee on May 25, 2017 for certain activities related to his employment with the Company. The matter was tried between September 24 and October 7, 2021. On October 8, 2021 a jury rendered a unanimous verdict in favor of the Company on the employment claims. The Court granted a directed verdict to the Company on its Cross- Complaint against the former employee. Judgment was entered in favor of the Company on October 27, 2021. On December 20, 2021, the former employee filed a notice of appeal of the judgment.

Intellectual Property Dispute: On November 24, 2020, ABP Technology Limited issued a claim for trademark infringement in the High Court of England and Wales against Voyetra Turtle Beach, Inc. (“VTB”) and Turtle Beach Europe Limited (“TB Europe”) relating to the use by VTB and TB Europe of the sign STEALTH on and in relation to gaming headsets in the UK. On November 16, 2022 the parties entered into a confidential settlement agreement in full and final settlement of all claims regarding this matter. Accordingly, the High Court claim has been discontinued.

Consumer Class Action: On June 13, 2022, an individual filed a putative class action lawsuit against Voyetra Turtle Beach, Inc. (“VTB”) in the United States District Court for the Central District of California. The complaint alleged that VTB violated the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, 47 U.S.C. § 227(b), by sending marketing-related text messages to the plaintiff and other members of the public who have registered their telephone numbers on the national Do-Not-Call Registry. The plaintiff sought to represent a class of all persons in the United States whose telephone numbers were present on the national Do-Not-Call Registry and received text messages from VTB within the last four years. The plaintiff voluntarily dismissed his claims with prejudice, and District Judge Fernando Olguin entered an order dismissing the case on January 25, 2023.

The Company will continue to vigorously defend itself in the foregoing matters. However, litigation and investigations are inherently uncertain. Accordingly, the Company cannot predict the outcome of these matters. The Company has not recorded any accrual at December 31, 2022 for contingent losses associated with these matters based on its belief that losses, while possible, are not probable. Further, any possible range of loss cannot be reasonably estimated at this time. The unfavorable resolution of these matters could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows. The Company is engaged in other legal actions, not described

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above, arising in the ordinary course of its business and, while there can be no assurance, believes that the ultimate outcome of these other legal actions will not have a material adverse effect on its business, results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.

Item 4 - Mine Safety Disclosures

Not applicable.

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PART II

Item 5 - Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

The Company’s common stock is traded on the Nasdaq Global Market under the symbol “HEAR.” The number of holders of record of common stock at February 28, 2023 was 938.

Stock Performance Graph

Notwithstanding any statement to the contrary in any of our previous or future filings with the SEC, the following information relating to the price performance of our common stock shall not be deemed to be “filed” with the SEC for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), to be “soliciting material” or subject to Rule 14A of the Exchange Act, or to be incorporated by reference into any of our filings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) or the Exchange Act, in each case whether made before or after the date of this Report, except to the extent we specifically incorporate it by reference into such filing.

The following graph shows a comparison from December 31, 2017 through December 31, 2022 of the cumulative total return assuming a $100 investment in our common stock, the S&P 500 Index and the S&P 500 Consumer Durables Index. In accordance with the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission, the returns are indexed to a value of $100 at December 31, 2017 and assume that all dividends, if any, were reinvested. The comparisons in this graph below are based on historical data and are not intended to forecast or be indicative of future performance of our common stock.

Dividend Policy

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We have not paid regular cash dividends on our common stock and do not anticipate paying cash dividends in the foreseeable future. Any future determination to pay cash dividends will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend on our financial condition, operating results, capital requirements and such other factors as our Board of Directors deems relevant.

Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

On April 9, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a stock repurchase program to acquire up to $15.0 million of its common stock. Any repurchases under the program will be made from time to time on the open market at prevailing market prices. On April 1, 2021, the Board of Directors approved an extension and expansion of this stock repurchase program up to $25.0 million of its common shares, expiring April 9, 2023. On March 3, 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors approved a two-year extension of this stock repurchase plan.

For the fourth quarter of 2022, we did not repurchase any shares of common stock.

Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans

See Part III, Item 12, “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters” in this Report for disclosure relating to our equity compensation plans. Such information will be included in our Proxy Statement or an amendment to this Report, which is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 6 – [Reserved]

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Item 7 - Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

The following discussion should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto. This discussion summarizes the significant factors affecting our results of operations and the financial condition of our business during each of the fiscal years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2022.

Turtle Beach Corporation (herein referred to as the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our”), headquartered in White Plains, New York, and incorporated in the state of Nevada in 2010, is a premier audio technology company with expertise and experience in developing, commercializing, and marketing innovative products across a range of large addressable markets under the Turtle Beach® and ROCCAT® brands.

Business Trends

Console Headset Market

The global market for console headsets is estimated to be approximately $1.4 billion, in which we are the market leader. PlayStation and Xbox consoles continue to be dominant gaming platforms in North America and Europe for games that drive headset usage. This market experienced unprecedented growth in 2020 driven by the initial stay-at-home orders when new gamers entered the market, lapsed gamers started playing again, existing gamers played more, and non-gamers bought headsets for remote learning. In past couple years, this market experienced a decline relative to the 2020 surge due to weaker retail demand, a slower holiday season from disappointing AAA video game releases and console supply constraints.

Traditionally, the gaming market has grown as new gamers enter and existing gamers upgrade current gaming accessories. The emergence of battle royale games that are highly social, collaborative, and competitive, contributed to a higher growth in the video game industry and a higher proportion of gamers using headsets. And given that most of the gaming headset market is driven by replacement and upgrading, this large influx of new gaming headset users is expected to drive an increase in demand for gaming headsets in future years.

PC Accessories Market

The market for PC gaming headsets, mice, and keyboards is estimated to be approximately $3.2 billion. PC gaming continues to be a main gaming platform in the U.S. and internationally, driven by big AAA game launches, PC-specific esports leagues, popular teams and players, content creators and influencers and cross-platform play. While most games are available on multiple platforms, gaming on PC offers advantages including improved graphics, increased speed and precision of mouse/keyboard controls, and the ability for deeper customization. Gaming mice and keyboards are engineered to provide gamers with high-end performance and a superior gaming experience through features such as faster response times, improved materials and build quality, programmable buttons and keys, and software suites to customize and control devices and settings.

PC gaming mice come in a variety of different ergonomic shapes and sizes, are available in both wired and wireless models, offer options for different sensors (optical and laser) and responsiveness, and often feature integrated RGB LED lighting and software to unify the lighting with other devices for a visually consistent PC gaming appearance. Similarly, PC gaming keyboards often deliver a competitive advantage by offering options for mechanical and optical key switches that feel and sound different and offer customizable lighting.

Controllers and Gaming Simulation Markets

In 2022, Turtle Beach further expanded its gaming simulation and gaming controller product lines. For the flight simulation market, Turtle Beach launched the VelocityOneTM Pedals and VelocityOneTM Stand, which perfectly pair with the VelocityOne FlightTM simulation control system for the complete, most immersive flight simulation experience on the market. Turtle Beach also launched the VelocityOneTMFlightstick, which is a single stick joystick controller for air and space flight combat games. For the gamepads/controllers market, Turtle Beach added new colorways for its original Recon Controller, as well as launched the lower-cost REACT-R controller, and mobile-focused Recon Cloud and Atom controller offerings. These markets increase Turtle Beach’s total addressable market by $1 billion, with third-party game controllers at roughly $500 million and PC/console flight simulation hardware at roughly $500 million in the global market.

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Seasonality

Our gaming accessories business is seasonal with a significant portion of sales and profits typically occurring around the holiday period. Historically, more than 45% of revenues are generated during the period between September and December as new products are introduced and consumers engage in holiday shopping. In addition, launches of major new online multiplayer games, and specific retailer purchasing behavior, can drive significant revenue shifts between months and quarters in a given year. In the past few years, normal seasonal patterns have been significantly changed due to pandemic-driven shifts in consumer demand.

In connection with the seasonality of the business, historically the Company’s borrowings on the revolving credit facility increase as a result of the holiday inventory build leading up to year-end and decline on gross receipts during the first quarter of the following year.

Supply Chain and Operations

We have a global network of suppliers that manufacture products to meet the quality standards sought by our customers and our cost objectives. We have worked closely with component, manufacturing, and global logistic partners to build a supply chain that we consider dependable, scalable, and efficient to provide high-quality, reliable products employing leading cost management practices. The use of outsourced manufacturing facilities is designed to take advantage of specific expertise and allow for flexibility and scalability to respond to both seasonality and changing demands for our products.

We have experienced and may continue to experience increased freight costs and component availability challenges. Further, market conditions have significantly increased the lead time on many product components, causing us to purchase components earlier than normal to meet forecasted demand, which, in some cases, led to excess inventories of certain components ordered with long lead times ahead of shifting demand. We expect to continue to experience challenges impacting our supply chain and logistics operations. As a result, we continue to take proactive steps to limit the impact of these challenges and are working closely with our manufacturing and freight providers to reduce costs.

We believe we have strong, long-term relationships with our suppliers and that, subject to the discussion in Item 1A, “Risk Factors” and Item 7, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations - Liquidity and Capital Resources,” we expect to continue to be able to obtain a sufficient supply of quality products on satisfactory terms.



Results of Operations

Management Overview

In 2022, we continued our position as the number one console gaming headset provider and, believe that the gaming market is a great market to be a leader in, despite the difficult year, driven by a slowdown in consumer demand, retail channel inventory reductions, heavy competitive discounting, a strong dollar and continued global logistics and supply chain challenges, including high freight rates. Against this backdrop, we delivered net revenue of $240.2 million, proactively reduced operating expenses by 7% and limited the net loss to $59.5 million, inclusive of $34.5 million related to certain non-recurring charges.

Despite the macro circumstances that impacted the industry throughout 2022, we are well-positioned for the inevitable market turnaround and remain encouraged as the global gaming market is projected to continue to add gamers. Our industry-leading console headsets continued to expand and perform well, as our Stealth 600 wireless headset was the best-selling headset series in 2022 per NPD, and we launched two new modes, the Vulcan 2 Mini and the Vulcan 2 Max, with groundbreaking first-to-market features, including the world's first dual LED smart keys, in the iconic Vulcan product line.
 

We exceeded 20% of our revenues in categories outside the console gaming headset category, in which we have been a leader for over ten years, and looking forward, will continue to enhance our PC gaming portfolio of headsets, keyboards, and mice to increase our share in the PC accessories market and grow the game controller and gaming simulation categories that we entered in 2021. As a result, we believe our brand leadership and diverse product portfolio positions us for continued success including growth and a return to positive EBITDA in 2023 as the gaming and macro environments continue to improve.

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Key Performance Indicators and Non-GAAP Measures

Management routinely reviews key performance indicators including revenue, operating income and margins, and earnings per share, among others. In addition, we believe certain other measures provide useful information to management and investors about us and our financial condition and results of operations for the following reasons: (i) they are measures used by our Board of Directors and management team to evaluate our operating performance; (ii) they are measures used by our management team to make day-to-day operating decisions; (iii) the adjustments made are often viewed as either non-recurring or not reflective of ongoing financial performance and/or have no cash impact on operations; and (iv) the metrics are used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties as a common operating performance measure to compare results across companies in our industry by adjusting for potential differences caused by variations in capital structures (affecting relative interest expense), and the age and book value of facilities and equipment (affecting relative depreciation and amortization expense). These metrics, however, are not measures of financial performance under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) and given the limitations of these metrics as analytical tools, should not be considered a substitute for gross profit, gross margins, net income (loss) or other consolidated income statement data as determined in accordance with GAAP. We consider the following non-GAAP measures, which may not be comparable to similarly titled measures reported by other companies, to be key performance indicators:

Adjusted EBITDA

Adjusted EBITDA (and a reconciliation to net income, the nearest GAAP financial measure) for the years ended December 31, 2022, 2021 and 2020 are as follows:

Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2022 to the Year Ended December 31, 2021

Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $59.5 million, including the deferred tax asset valuation allowance of $18.4 million and after-tax non-recurring costs of $16.2 million, compared to a net income of $17.7 million in the prior year.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, Adjusted EBITDA was ($18.7) million compared to $36.6 million, for the year ended December 31, 2021. Net income (loss) and Adjusted EBITDA were losses compared to the prior years due to a decrease in revenue as a result of macroeconomic conditions, as well as increased freight costs and volume-driven fixed cost deleveraging, partially offset by lower operating expenses.
 

Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2021 to the Year Ended December 31, 2020

Net income for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $17.7 million compared to net income of $38.7 million in the prior year.

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For the year ended December 31, 2021, Adjusted EBITDA was $36.6 million compared to $61.4 million, for the year ended December 31, 2020. Net income and Adjusted EBITDA decreased reflecting higher freight and supply chain costs, annualized run-rate increases in operating expenses due to larger size of the business, and growth investments.

Financial Results

The following table sets forth the Company’s statements of operations for the periods presented:

Net Revenue and Gross Profit

The following table summarizes net revenue and gross profit for the periods presented:

Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2022 to the Year Ended December 31, 2021

Net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $240.2 million, a $126.2 million, or 34.4%, decrease from $366.4 million in the record prior year period reflecting lower customer demand as a result of a challenging macroeconomic environment, channel inventory compression and increased promotional spend.

For the year ended December 31, 2022, gross profit as a percentage of net revenue decreased to 20.5% from 35.0% in the prior year. The decrease was primarily due to a $9.8 million charge for potential excess components and product inventory relating to pandemic driven supply chain and logistic impacts, higher freight and warehouse costs to ensure product supply, higher promotional spend driven by more aggressive competitive pricing actions to reduce channel inventory levels and volume-driven fixed cost deleveraging.

Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2021 to the Year Ended December 31, 2020

Net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021 increased $6.3 million, or 1.7% from 2020 driven by PC accessories growth and the entry into gaming controllers and flight simulation hardware, which offset the weaker console headset demand mostly due to weaker retail traffic, a slower holiday season from disappointing AAA video game releases and console supply constraints.

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For the year ended December 31, 2021, gross profit as a percentage of net revenue decreased to 35.0% from 37.2% in the prior year. The decrease was primarily due to higher freight costs and more normalized holiday promotional activity.

Operating Expenses

Selling and Marketing

Selling and marketing expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 totaled $47.1 million, or 19.6% as a percentage of net revenue, compared to $58.9 million, or 16.1% as a percentage of net revenue, for the prior year. This decrease was primarily due to lower revenue-based expenses, reduction of marketing initiatives to align with lower consumer demand and strategic priorities.

Selling and marketing expense for the year ended December 31, 2021 totaled $58.9 million, or 16.1% as a percentage of net revenue, compared to $46.8 million, or 13.0% as a percentage of net revenue, for the year ended December 31, 2020. This increase was primarily due to marketing initiatives to support product portfolio expansion, expansion of geographies, and entry into new product categories.

Research and Development

For the year ended December 31, 2022, we invested $19.1 million in research and development, as we continued to invest in new product categories and portfolio expansion to support strategic growth initiatives.

For the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, we expended $17.5 million and $12.3 million, respectively. For the year 2021, this increase was attributable to additional resources and infrastructure to support product expansion including new category introductions.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2022 increased $1.1 million to $32.6 million compared to $31.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. Excluding certain non-recurring fees related to the proxy contest in both years with respect to the 2022 annual meeting of stockholders ($2.2 million) and other litigation costs, expenses decreased $1.1 million primarily due to lower personnel costs and professional fees.

General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2021 increased $6.5 million to $31.5 million compared to $25.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The year-over-year increase was primarily due to increased professional fees and the inclusion of acquired Neat Microphones-related headcount, partially offset by lower variable compensation costs.

Income Taxes

Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $5.1 million at an effective tax rate of (9.4)% compared to income tax expense of $2.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2021 at an effective tax rate of 12.1%. The effective tax rate was primarily impacted by the establishment of a valuation allowance on our net U.S. deferred tax assets as well as state income tax.
 

Income tax expense for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $2.4 million at an effective tax rate of 12.1% compared to income tax expense of $13.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 at an effective tax rate of 26.1%. The effective tax rate was primarily impacted by tax benefits attributable to stock option exercises and restricted stock vestings, Research and Development (“R&D”) credits and the reduced tax rate on our Foreign Derived Intangible Income (“FDII”). These tax benefits were partially offset by the impact of disallowed compensation and state income tax expense. During 2021, we substantially completed a federal R&D study for the 2018-2020 tax years, recognizing tax

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benefits of $0.5 million net of reserves. An estimate of $0.2 million R&D credits, net of reserves, was included for 2021. In addition, we completed an analysis of our foreign sales and recognized a tax benefit of $1.0 million on our FDII.

Other Non-Operating Expense (Income)

Other non-operating expense totaled $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, due to negative effect of exchange rates as it relates to our European operations, compared to other non-operating income of $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, which included a $1.9 million fair value of contingent consideration reversal.

Other non-operating income totaled $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, including a $1.9 million fair value of contingent consideration reversal, compared to other non-operating income of $3.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, which included a $1.7 million acquisition-related settlement gain and $1.2 million fair value of contingent consideration reversal.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Our primary sources of working capital are cash flow from operations and availability of capital under our revolving credit facility. We have funded operations and acquisitions in recent periods with operating cash flows and proceeds from debt and equity financings.

The following table summarizes our sources and uses of cash:

Operating activities

Cash used for operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2022 was $41.8 million, a decrease of $41.5 million as compared to cash used for operating activities totaling $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2021. The increase in the cash used for operations is primarily the result of lower gross receipts due to lower demand and retailers compressing channel inventories.
 

Cash used for operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2021 was $0.3 million, a decrease of $51.4 million as compared to cash provided by operating activities of $51.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. The decrease is primarily the result of lower operating results increased inventory levels in response to supply chain and logistic headwinds.

Investing activities

Cash used for investing activities was $3.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2022, which was related to certain capital investments, compared to $8.1 million in 2021, which included $2.5 million related to the Neat Microphones acquisition.

Cash used for investing activities was $8.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2021, which consisted of capital expenditures related to in-store advertising displays and new product manufacturing tooling, as well as $2.5 million related to the Neat Microphones acquisition, compared to $5.7 million in 2020, which consisted of capital expenditures primarily related to in-store advertising displays, new product manufacturing tooling and internal system upgrades.

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Financing activities

Net cash provided by financing activities was $19.7 million during the year ended December 31, 2022 compared to net cash used for financing activities of $0.1 million and net cash used for financing activities of $7.4 million during the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Financing activities during the year ended December 31, 2022 consisted primarily of revolving credit facility borrowings.

Financing activities in 2021 included stock option exercise proceeds of $5.3 million and repurchases of common stock of $4.9 million.

Financing activities in 2020 included net repayments on our revolving credit facility of $15.7 million, offset by $4.3 million received from the sale of equity securities and proceeds from exercise of stock options of $4.2 million.

Management assessment of liquidity

Management believes that our current cash and cash equivalents, the amounts available under our revolving credit facility and cash flows derived from operations will be sufficient to meet anticipated short-term and long-term funding for working capital and capital expenditures including amounts to develop new products, fund future stock repurchases and to pursue strategic opportunities. Significant assumptions underlie this belief, including, among other things, that there will be no material adverse developments in our business, liquidity or capital requirements.

In addition, the Company monitors the capital markets on an ongoing basis and may consider raising capital if favorable market conditions develop.
 

Foreign cash balances at December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021 were $6.5 million and $10.2 million, respectively.

Revolving Credit Facility

On March 5, 2018, Turtle Beach and certain of its subsidiaries entered into an amended and restated loan, guaranty and security agreement (the “Credit Facility”) with Bank of America, N.A. (“Bank of America”), as administrative agent, collateral agent and security trustee for Lenders (as defined therein), which replaced the then existing asset-based revolving loan agreement. The Credit Facility was amended on each of December 17, 2018, May 31, 2019, and March 10, 2023. The Credit Facility, as amended, expires on April 1, 2025 and provides for a line of credit of up to $80 million inclusive of a sub-facility limit of $15 million for TB Europe, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Turtle Beach. In addition, the Credit Facility provides for a $40 million accordion feature.

On March 10, 2023, the Company entered into a Third Amendment to Amended and Restated Loan, Guaranty and Security Agreement (the “Third Amendment”), by and among the Company, VTB, TBC Holding Company LLC, TB Europe, VTBH, the financial institutions party thereto from time to time and Bank of America, as administrative agent, collateral agent and security trustee for the lenders.

The Third Amendment provides for, among other things: (i) extending the maturity date of the Credit Facility from March 5, 2024 to April 1, 2025; (ii) updating the interest rate and margin terms; (iii) removing the FILO Loan facility; (iv) updating the sub-facility limit for TB Europe to $15 million; (v) increasing our undrawn commitment fee by 0.125%; and (vi) transitioning the reference interest rates from LIBOR to BSBY, SONIA and EUIBOR, as applicable.

The maximum credit availability for loans and letters of credit under the Credit Facility is governed by a borrowing base determined by the application of specified percentages to certain eligible assets, primarily eligible trade accounts receivable and inventories, and is subject to discretionary reserves and revaluation adjustments. The Credit Facility may be used for working capital, the issuance of bank guarantees, letters of credit and other corporate purposes.

Amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility bear interest at a rate equal to (i) a rate published by Bank of America or the U.S. Bloomberg Short-Term Bank Yield Index (“BSBY”) rate for loans denominated in U.S. Dollars, (ii) the Sterling Overnight Index Average Reference Rate (“SONIA”) for loans denominated in Sterling, (iii) and the Euro Interbank Offered Rate (“EUIBOR”) for loans denominated in Euros, plus in each case, an applicable margin, which is between 0.50% to 2.50% for base rate loans and UK base rate loans, and 1.50% and 3.50% for U.S. BSBY rate loans, U.S. BSBY daily floating rate loans and UK alternative currency loans. In addition, Turtle Beach is required to pay a commitment fee on the unused revolving loan commitment at a rate ranging from 0.375% to 0.50%, and letter of credit fees and agent fees. As of December 31, 2022, interest rates for outstanding borrowings were 8.75% for base rate loans and 6.50% for LIBOR rate loans, which reference interest rates were still in effect prior to the Libor Transition Amendments discussed below.

The Company is subject to financial covenant testing if certain availability thresholds are not met or certain other events occur (as defined in the Credit Facility). The Credit Facility requires the Company and its restricted subsidiaries to maintain a fixed charge coverage ratio of at least 1.00 to 1.00 as of the last day of each fiscal quarter.

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The Credit Facility also contains affirmative and negative covenants that, subject to certain exceptions, limit our ability to take certain actions, including our ability to incur debt, pay dividends and repurchase stock, make certain investments and other payments, enter into certain mergers and consolidations, engage in sale leaseback transactions and transactions with affiliates and encumber and dispose of assets. Obligations under the Credit Facility are secured by a security interest and lien upon substantially all of the Company’s assets.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company was in compliance with all the financial covenants under the Credit Facility, as amended, and excess borrowing availability was approximately $36.8 million. As of December 31, 2022, there was $19.1 million in outstanding borrowings under the Credit Facility.

In 2017, the United Kingdom’s Financial Conduct Authority announced that it intends to stop persuading or compelling banks to submit LIBOR rates. LIBOR’s administrator ceased publishing one-week and two-month U.S. Dollar LIBOR immediately after the LIBOR publication on December 31, 2021, and is scheduled to cease publication of the remaining U.S. Dollar LIBOR tenors immediately after the publication on June 30, 2023. In January 2023, the Company and Bank of America entered into LIBOR Transition Amendments with respect to the Credit Facility, including the sub-facility for TB Europe. These amendments replaced applicable LIBOR rates for interest, fees, commissions and other amounts based on LIBOR with successor rates based on BSBY, SONIA and EURIBOR, as applicable.

Contractual Obligations

Our principal commitments primarily consist of obligations for minimum payment commitments to lessors for office space and the revolving credit facility. As of December 31, 2022, we had operating lease obligations totaling $10.3 million which represents our obligations to make payments under non-cancelable lease agreements for our facilities. See Part II, Item 7,“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations –Liquidity and Capital Resources–Revolving Credit Facility” above for more information regarding obligations under our revolving credit facility.

Critical Accounting Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our results of operations and capital resources are based on our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in conformity with GAAP. The preparation of these consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue and expenses and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. Management bases its estimates, assumptions, and judgments on historical experience and on various other factors that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances.

Different assumptions and judgments would change the estimates used in the preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements, which, in turn, could change the results from those reported. Management evaluates its estimates, assumptions, and judgments on an ongoing basis.

Based on the above, we have determined that our most critical accounting policies are those related to revenue recognition and sales return reserve, inventory valuation, asset impairment, and income taxes.

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Revenue Recognition and Sales Return Reserve

Net revenue consists primarily of revenue from the sale of gaming headsets and accessories to wholesalers, retailers and to a lesser extent, on-line customers. Our products function on a standalone basis (in connection with a readily available gaming console, personal computer, or stereo) and are not sold with additional services or rights to future goods or services. Revenue is recorded for a contract through the following steps: (i) identifying the contract with the customer; (ii) identifying the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) determining the transaction price; (iv) allocating the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognizing revenue when or as each performance obligation is satisfied.

Each contract at inception is evaluated to determine whether the contract should be accounted for as having one or more performance obligations. Revenue is recognized when obligations under the terms of a contract with our customer are satisfied; generally, this occurs at a point in time when the risk and title to the product transfers to the customer. Our standard terms of delivery are included in our contracts of sale, order confirmation documents, and invoices. The Company excludes sales taxes collected from customers from “Net Revenue” in its Consolidated Statements of Operations.

Certain customers may receive cash-based incentives (including cash discounts, quantity rebates, and price concessions), which are accounted for as variable consideration. Provisions for sales returns are recognized in the period the sale is recorded based upon our prior experience and current trends. These revenue reductions are established by the Company based upon management’s best estimates at the time of sale following the historical trend, adjusted to reflect known changes in the factors that impact such reserves and allowances, and the terms of agreements with customers. We do not expect to have significant changes in our estimates for variable considerations.

Inventory Valuation

Inventories are valued at the lower of weighted average cost or market, at the individual item level. Market is determined based on the estimated net realizable value, which is generally the selling price. Inventory levels are monitored to identify slow-moving items and markdowns are used to increase sales of such products. Physical inventory counts are performed annually in January and estimates are made for any shortage between the date of the physical inventory count and the balance sheet date.

Asset Impairment

Historically, we have had significant long-lived tangible and intangible assets, including goodwill with indefinite lives, which are susceptible to valuation adjustments as a result of changes in various factors or conditions. We assess the potential impairment of intangible and fixed assets whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that full recoverability of net asset balances through future cash flows is in question. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are assessed at least annually, but also whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying values may not be recoverable. Factors we consider important, which could trigger an impairment of such assets include significant underperformance relative to historical or projected future operating results; significant changes in the manner of use of the acquired assets or the strategy for our overall business; significant negative industry or economic trends; significant decline in our stock price for a sustained period; and a decline in our market capitalization below net book value.

Management estimates future pre-tax cash flows based on historical experience, knowledge, and market data. Estimates of future cash flows require that we make assumptions and apply judgment, including forecasting future sales and expenses and estimating useful lives of the assets. These estimates can be affected by factors such as future product development and economic conditions that can be difficult to predict, as well as other factors such as those outlined in Item 1A, “Risk Factors.” If the expected future cash flows related to the long-lived assets are less than the assets’ carrying value, an impairment loss would be recognized for the difference between estimated fair value and carrying value.

There are inherent assumptions and estimates used in developing future cash flows requiring management judgment including projecting revenues, interest rates and the cost of capital. Many of the factors used in assessing fair value are outside our control and it is reasonably likely that assumptions and estimates will change in future periods. These changes can result in future impairments.

Income Taxes

We account for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under the asset and liability method, deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized based on the differences between the financial statement carrying value of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates and laws expected to be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The effect of a change in tax rates on deferred tax assets and liabilities is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Inherent in the measurement of these deferred balances are certain judgments and interpretations of existing tax law and other published guidance as applied to our operations. Our effective tax rate considers our judgment of expected tax liabilities in the various jurisdictions within which we are subject to tax.

The determination of the need for a valuation allowance on deferred tax assets requires management to make assumptions and to apply judgment, including forecasting future earnings, taxable income, and the mix of earnings in the jurisdictions in which we operate.

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The tax effects of uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in income tax returns are recognized only if they are “more likely-than-not” to be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities based on the technical merits as of the reporting date. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such positions are measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. We recognize estimated accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in income tax expense.

There have been no material changes to the critical accounting policies and estimates. See Note 1, “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies,” in the notes to the consolidated financial statements for a complete discussion of recent accounting pronouncements. We are currently evaluating the impact of certain recently issued guidance on our financial condition and results of operations in future periods.

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Item 7A - Qualitative and Quantitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Market risk represents the risk of loss that may impact our financial position due to adverse changes in financial market prices and rates. The Company’s market risk exposure is primarily a result of fluctuations in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates and inflation.

The Company has used derivative financial instruments, specifically foreign currency forward and option contracts, to manage exposure to foreign currency risks, by hedging a portion of its forecasted expenses denominated in British Pounds expected to occur within a year. The effect of exchange rate changes on foreign currency forward and option contracts is expected to offset the effect of exchange rate changes on the underlying hedged item. The Company does not use derivative financial instruments for speculative or trading purposes. As of December 31, 2022, we do not have any derivative financial instruments.

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

The Company has exchange rate exposure, primarily, with respect to the British Pound and Euro. As of December 31, 2022 and 2021, our monetary assets and liabilities which are subject to this exposure are immaterial, therefore the potential immediate loss to us that would result from a hypothetical 10% change in foreign currency exchange rates would not be expected to have a material impact on our earnings or cash flows. This sensitivity analysis assumes an unfavorable 10% fluctuation in the exchange rates affecting the foreign currencies in which monetary assets and liabilities are denominated and does not take into account the offsetting effect of such a change on our foreign currency denominated revenues.

Inflation Risk

The Company is exposed to market risk due to inflationary pressures, including higher labor-related costs and increases in the costs of the goods and services we purchase as part of the manufacture and distribution of our products, increased costs from supply chain and logistic headwinds and in our operations generally. Such inflationary pressures have been and could continue to be exacerbated by higher oil prices, geopolitical turmoil, and economic policy actions. Inflationary pressures can also have a negative impact on demand for the products we sell. Reduced or delayed discretionary spending by consumers in response to inflationary pressures has reduced consumer demand for our products, resulting in reduced sales. In 2022, we have experienced a higher rate of inflation than in recent years resulting in higher cost of goods, selling expenses, and general and administrative expenses. Such increases have had and may continue to have a negative impact on the Company’s profit margins if selling prices of products do not increase with the increased costs.

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Item 8 - Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

Shareholders and Board of Directors

Turtle Beach Corporation

White Plains, New York

Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Turtle Beach Corporation (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2022, and 2021, the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, and the related notes and schedule (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2022, and 2021, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2022, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2022, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”) and our report dated March 29, 2023 expressed an adverse opinion thereon.

Basis for Opinion

These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

Critical Audit Matters

The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinions on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.

Allowance for Sales Returns

As described in Notes 1 and 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company provides certain customers the option to return goods back to the Company. Provisions for sales returns are recorded in the period of the sale under the expected value method and are based on the Company’s prior experience and current trends. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had accrued an allowance for sales returns of approximately $7.8 million.

We identified the assessment of the allowance for certain sales returns as a critical audit matter. Auditor judgment was required to evaluate certain assumptions which had a higher degree of measurement uncertainty. Key assumptions included the determination of the sales return rate and the period of sales for which the sales return rate should be applied. Auditing these elements involved especially challenging auditor judgment due to the nature and extent of audit effort required to address these matters.

 

The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:

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Allowance for Cash-Based Incentives

As described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company provides certain customers cash-based incentives including price concessions. All cash-based incentives are recorded in the period of the sale under the expected value method and are based on the Company’s prior experience and current trends. As of December 31, 2022, the Company had accrued an allowance for cash-based incentives of approximately $29.5 million, which includes the allowance for price concessions.

We identified the assessment of the allowance for price concessions as a critical audit matter. Auditor judgment was required to evaluate the assumption which had a higher degree of measurement uncertainty related to the volume of sales to which these price concessions would be applied. Auditing this element involved especially challenging auditor judgment due to the nature and extent of audit effort required to address this matter.

The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:

Goodwill Impairment Assessment

As described in Notes 1 and 6 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has goodwill of $10.7 million as of December 31, 2022. The Company evaluates goodwill for impairment either through a qualitative or quantitative approach at least annually, or more frequently if an event occurs or circumstances change that indicate the carrying value of a reporting unit may not be recoverable. The Company performed quantitative assessments as of November 1, 2022 and December 31, 2022. Under the quantitative approach, the Company made various estimates and assumptions to determine the estimated fair value of the reporting unit based on an equal weighting between the income approach, specifically, the discounted cash flow method, and the market approach, specifically, the guideline public company method.

We identified the projected revenue growth rates and the discount rate used in the determination of the fair value of the reporting unit as a critical audit matter. The principal considerations for our determination included the subjectivity and judgment required to determine projected revenue growth rates and the discount rate used to determine the fair value of the reporting unit. Auditing these elements involved especially challenging auditor judgment due to the nature and extent of audit effort required to address these matters, including the extent of specialized skill or knowledge needed.

The primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter included:

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Turtle Beach Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Operations

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

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Turtle Beach Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

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Turtle Beach Corporation

Consolidated Balance Sheets

See accompanying Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

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Turtle Beach Corporation

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows